Journal articles on the topic 'Negotiation and conflict'
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1
Schiff, Amira. "Pre-negotiation and its Limits in Ethno-National Conflicts: A Systematic Analysis of Process and Outcomes in the Cyprus Negotiations." International Negotiation 13, no. 3 (2008): 387–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180608x365253.
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AbstractThe repeated failures of negotiation in ethno-national conflicts highlight the importance of studying the relationship between the pre-negotiation process and the results of the subsequent formal negotiations. This study examines various factors that contributed to a decision by adversaries to initiate official negotiations, and how these factors affected the prospects for a negotiated agreement. Furthermore, it suggests that certain elements in the pre-negotiation process portend the nature of the changes in the parties' political positions (tactical or strategic) and the parties' readiness to reach an agreement. An exploration is presented using a case study of the negotiations over the Cyprus conflict in 2004 which resulted in the ultimate rejection by the negotiating parties of the Annan Plan in late March of 2004. We examine the connection between the pre-negotiation process, from the end of 2003 until February 13, 2004, and the failure of the formal negotiations in March 2004. The analysis indicates that the deficient method and process of the pre-negotiations that took place regarding the Cyprus conflict determined the subsequent failure of the negotiations. The early detection of such factors in other negotiations over ethno-national conflicts may mitigate the causes that lead to failure, or perhaps assist in managing the process differently, so as to facilitate a more positive outcome.
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Kamau, Joyce. "The Role of Political and Cultural Aspects, in Shaping the Course of Conflict & Negotiation in Africa." Journal of Strategic Management 6, no. 5 (August 30, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t4069.
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The Bible says that, a man’s wisdom gives him patience, it’s to his glory to overlook an offence (Proverbs: 19:11). Conflicts are a common phenomenon in every society and knowing the best negotiation skills to employ is an advantage to everyone. The African continent has not been spared on issues of conflicts especially those that are politically instigated. Poor levels of education and issues of greed could be some of the contributions to the politically originated conflict issues. This paper seeks to critically analyze the role of cultural aspects in shaping the course of conflict & Negotiation in Africa. This paper has also looked at various approaches to conflict resolution through mediation and negotiation. The issues affecting effective conflict resolution have also been addressed. The conclusion brings about various ways to manage conflicts and to handle negotiations. Keywords: Conflict, political, culture, negotiation.
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Rajavel, Rajkumar, Sathish Kumar Ravichandran, and G. R. Kanagachidambaresan. "Agent-based cloud service negotiation architecture using similarity grouping approach." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 18, no. 01 (May 31, 2019): 1941015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691319410157.
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Challenges and issues in the field of cloud service negotiation framework optimization have been an active area of research. During service level agreement, the probability of negotiation conflict between the service consumers and providers is high. This may arise due to aggressive behavior, selfish misperception, vague preferences and uncertain goals of the negotiating participants. One of the key challenges identified in negotiation framework is optimizing the negotiation conflict among the negotiators. In order to minimize such conflicts, existing frameworks group the negotiation pairs that contain similar and non-aggressive behavioral patterns by exploiting the distance, binary, context dependent and fuzzy similarity approaches. These approaches get better success rate only if the dimensionality of negotiator attributes is low. As emerging real-time cloud service negotiation applications are characterized by negotiation attributes of high dimensionality, the existing approaches are inappropriate for these applications. In addition, the existing approaches group the negotiation pairs using distances based measure in two-dimensional negotiation attribute, whose value will vary for high-dimensional attributes. In this work, an Angle-based Similarity Grouping (ASG) approach is proposed that appropriately groups the highly cooperative negotiation pairs and thereby increases the success rate and decreases communication overhead.
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Ramadhany, Medina, Nurillah Jamil Achmawati Novel, and Cecep Safa’atul Barkah. "Analysis of the Negotiation Process of PT Surya Bratasena Plantation with Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency." JBTI : Jurnal Bisnis : Teori dan Implementasi 12, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jbti.v12i2.12098.
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The negotiation process is found in many situations, both professional and non-professional. Thus, negotiations now do not occur only in the scope of business related to buying and selling products and services. Negotiation occurs when there are two or more parties who work together to resolve a problem involving the negotiating parties. Generally, one party has something that the other party wants and the other party is willing to negotiate about it. The resolution of the PT Surya Bratasena Plantation problem with Pangkalan Kuras District is an example of conflict resolution through a negotiation process. In this paper, the researcher examines and analyzes the negotiation process carried out by PT Surya Bratasena Plantation in resolving land conflicts.
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Nurhamzah, Willy Abdillah, Fahruzzaman, and Slamet Widodo. "Moderate Effects of Organizational Commitments on Team Commitments and Negotiations on Conflict Handling (Empirical Study: Indonesian Government)." International Journal of Science and Society 4, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 222–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v4i3.516.
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The conflict between teams is an interaction in the organization's daily life. To reveal the effect of negotiation and team commitment on conflict resolution (in integrating it) in the context of the construct of inter-team conflict and investigate how organizational commitment moderates the relationship between team negotiation and team commitment. The author conducted a questionnaire survey on employees in the Indonesian public sector with a sample of 224 responses. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze data and test hypotheses. Using Smart PLS 3.0. The results reveal that team commitment and negotiation positively relate to integrating behaviour. In addition, moderating organizational commitment to negotiation and team commitment was positively related to conflict handling behaviour when organizations have different orientations in their goals. Finally, higher conflict handling reinforces the positive effects of integrating negotiation and team commitment. The findings can help practitioners to predict team commitment, negotiation according to the organization and handling conflicts within the organization. This can allow practitioners to adjust their strategy and steer commitments and negotiations toward mutually beneficial conflict resolution outcomes. This study applies the theory of integrated conflict management due to team commitment and negotiation and empirically examines the relationship in the employee context. Moreover, this study reveals that organizational commitment moderates this linkage
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Kang, Byung-Hwan. "A Study on China’s Characteristics’ Negotiation Strategy." Global Knowledge and Convergence Association 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 221–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47636/gkca.2022.5.2.221.
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This paper divides China’s negotiations into three major types: hostile negotiations, concession-type negotiations, and ‘collision and cooperation’. Hostile negotiations are negotiations that are conducted with the intention of distrusting one side, lack of goodwill. As an example of hostile negotiations, the text cites the armistice negotiations in the Korean War and the ambassador-level talks between China and the United States from 1955 to 1970 as examples. Concession negotiations are similar to tributary-typed negotiation. In other words, it is a type of negotiation in which economic interests are sacrificed for political gain. The economic deficit can be compensated by a political surplus. As an example of concession-type negotiations, this article mainly analyzes the 23 agreements signed between Taiwan and mainland China in the Ma Ying-jiu period (2008-2016) and the agreements signed by China with the Third World countries before open door policy. ‘Conflict and cooperative negotiation’ is a negotiation in which both sides have common interests and there is also a conflict of interest between the two sides. As an example of this type, this article focuses on the The Sino-British Joint Declaration and the 1972 Shanghai Communique between China and the US. This paper intend to derive a unique negotiation strategy to China that is distinct from negotiation with other countries. At the same time, This paper is to provide a useful reference for experts in various fields who will know China’s negotiating strategy and behavior, and will engage in negotiations with China.
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Kumar, Manish, Himanshu Rai, and Surya Prakash Pati. "An Exploratory Study on Negotiating Styles: Development of a Measure." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 34, no. 4 (October 2009): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920090404.
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Negotiation study as a tool in conflict management has been in vogue since long and spans the disciplinary boundaries. The outcome of business negotiations depends on bargainer characteristics, situation, and the negotiation process, which also drive the style adopted by a negotiator. Negotiation as a universal phenomenon does not have a universal style as the notion of consistent improved results for an individual�s business value has multiplicity of measures. Also, when it comes to negotiation style studies, they have either been packaged with other constructs or have been confused with them. For the clarity of the construct therefore it is essential that separation needs to be maintained between the definition of negotiating style as a construct and other closely related constructs. It is therefore proposed that works in negotiation need to be broadly divided into three types, involving the constructs of: Negotiating style Negotiating ability Negotiating strategy. Literature review suggests that the researchers are divided regarding the number of dimensions of negotiating style. In most of the studies, the proposed dimensions range from one to five. Also, no scale on negotiating style has been validated. In recent years, there has been an increased recognition of need to look at negotiations in Asia-Pacific context. Therefore we developed a scale to measure negotiating style of people and tested it in the Indian context. The sample included a cross-section of working executives and management students and the research design for the exploratory study included item generation, scale development, and assessment of scale�s psychometric properties. On analysis, the scale showed robust psychometric properties. Based on the results obtained, there are four types of negotiation style adopted by people: Analytical Equitable Amicable Aggressive. The findings can be used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the extent to which one would like to have an attribute on a particular kind of negotiating style as well as a tool to enable in bridging the gap in the value systems.
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McColl, Rod, Irena Descubes, and Mohammad Elahee. "How the Chinese really negotiate: observations from an Australian-Chinese trade negotiation." Journal of Business Strategy 38, no. 6 (November 20, 2017): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-09-2016-0110.
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Purpose Previous research suggests that negotiation style and conflict management strategies are influenced heavily by cultural factors. In the case of the Chinese, findings have largely produced stereotypical views about their behavior, but the authors argue that this position is becoming increasingly blurred in the global economy. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using participant observation during negotiations of a free-trade agreement between China and Australia followed by in-depth interviews with Chinese delegates. Findings Consistent with Confucianism and a Taoism-based value system, there was evidence of strong cultural influence on conflict management approaches. Two a priori Chinese strategies were evident – avoidance and accommodating, with five tactics. However, contrary to previous research, the authors found use of two conflict management strategies normally associated with a western approach – competing and compromising, with five associated tactics. Practical implications Chinese negotiators are knowledgeable and capable of adopting western negotiation strategies and tactics. The authors advise managers involved in international negotiations with Chinese managers to be cautious when relying on historical stereotypical assessments and to think differently about the emerging Chinese negotiator. Originality/value Few published negotiation studies involve real negotiations based on actual observations, particularly in an international setting. Contrary to many published studies, we demonstrate that conflict management approaches used by Chinese negotiators have evolved into a blend of traditional Chinese and western styles.
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Rustamova, L. R. "Opportunities and Limitations of Turkey as a Mediator in Russian-Ukrainian Negotiations." Journal of Law and Administration 18, no. 3 (October 17, 2022): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2022-3-64-10-18.
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Introduction. State mediation remains a requested activity in practical politics and an actual topic in the research field, as the number of conflicts has increased dramatically in the last decade, as well as long-standing frozen conflicts, which are poorly managed by intergovernmental organizations have escalated. At the same time, mediation and its principles are in the process of evolution, as more often large regional players become mediators, which themselves are active parties to conflicts. Under the change, in particular, was the principle of neutrality. This article focuses on the analysis of Turkey's mediation initiatives in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and how it uses mediation to achieve its foreign policy goals. The article analyzes the goals of Turkish mediation, its ability to advance the negotiation process between the parties and the limitations that affect Turkey's position as a mediator.Materials and methods. Russian and foreign studies on the effectiveness factors of states' mediation as a form of resolving international military conflicts were used as materials for writing the article. The methodological base was made up of discourse analysis and case studies. Turkey’s mediation in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict after the start of the Russian special operation in February 2022 was taken as a case.Research results. At this stage, Turkey managed to organize several rounds of negotiations between Russia and Ukraine, which ended with the signing of important agreements on resolving some of the issues on the negotiation agenda, which are more related to the broad international consequences of the conflict than the main points of the negotiations demand of Russia and Ukraine. Nevertheless, the negotiations organized by Turkey in July 2022 allowed it to establish itself as a party that has a certain authority and weight among the negotiating parties. Turkey's resources of influence as a mediator include, in particular, extensive trade and economic ties and relations of interdependence and partnership with each of the parties to the conflict.Discussion and conclusion. Since the negotiation process is in the dynamics of development, it is too early to conclude that Turkey has realized all the possibilities of mediation to resolve the conflict. However, its mediation has concrete results: its authority and geopolitical resources have made it possible to remove some of the problems that arose as a result of the Ukrainian conflict and have far-reaching consequences for international security. This allows us to conclude that Turkey has every opportunity to continue its mediation efforts to involve the parties in discussing the items on the negotiation agenda relating to the most pressing problems and which have become the direct cause of the clash. Therefore, the geopolitical consequences of Turkey's international activity in resolving the conflict in Ukraine will remain a hot topic for further study.
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Crump, Larry, and Christian Downie. "Understanding Climate Change Negotiations: Contributions from International Negotiation and Conflict Management." International Negotiation 20, no. 1 (March 17, 2015): 146–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341302.
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Climate change is the largest and most complicated interdependent issue the world has confronted. Yet there is little negotiation and conflict management knowledge within the climate change context. To address this gap, this theoretical article reviews the sparse extant literature and provides a brief overview of the science of climate change public policy. This review establishes a foundation for examining negotiation and conflict management research questions that emanate from current and future climate change negotiations. Such questions are considered for climate change mitigation negotiations and climate change adaptation negotiations. This article demonstrates how the negotiation and conflict management field can make important contributions to the study of interdependency in a context of climate change.
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Hatch, L. U., and T. R. Hanson. "Change and Conflict in Land and Water Use: Resource Valuation in Conflict Resolution among Competing Users." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 33, no. 2 (August 2001): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800005745.
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Conflicts among competing resource users have become more frequent in the Southeast. Political and legal processes and economic values will play major roles in negotiations to resolve competing resource uses. Resource economists can contribute to resource conflict resolution in several ways, such as facilitating negotiation, asserting importance of institutional mechanisms, analyzing incentives, and evaluating resources.
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Perkov, Davor, and Dinko Primorac. "Business Negotiation as a Crucial Component of Sales." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 2, no. 4 (2015): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.24.2005.
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Negotiation is a controlled communication process that resolves the conflict of interest of two or more negotiating parties (when each party can block the achievement of the objective of the other side). The key to negotiating effectively is to know how much to offer in which moment and know where and how to draw the line of what we are prepared to accept. Negotiation theory in some segments differs from the negotiation in sales. The purpose of the paper was to point out the specific potentials, problems, dynamics and importance of negotiation as a crucial component of sales. The main hypothesis of the paper is that many companies today leave negotiation function outside of standardization in the business processes. It will be clarified what are the contents of negotiating function, how it affects development and how to acquire negotiating skills best in the sales process. The aim is to draw attention to dimensions that preparation process has when leading the course of negotiations to accomplish desired sales goals. Primary research has been conducted on the sample of fifty (N=50) respondents from different Croatian companies. The findings indicate that Croatian employees are not prepared quite adequately for the process of negotiation and that they are not improving their negotiation skills.
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Moon, Ajung, Maneezhay Hashmi, H. F. Machiel Van Der Loos, Elizabeth A. Croft, and Aude Billard. "Design of Hesitation Gestures for Nonverbal Human-Robot Negotiation of Conflicts." ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 10, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3418302.
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When the question of who should get access to a communal resource first is uncertain, people often negotiate via nonverbal communication to resolve the conflict. What should a robot be programmed to do when such conflicts arise in Human-Robot Interaction? The answer to this question varies depending on the context of the situation. Learning from how humans use hesitation gestures to negotiate a solution in such conflict situations, we present a human-inspired design of nonverbal hesitation gestures that can be used for Human-Robot Negotiation. We extracted characteristic features of such negotiative hesitations humans use, and subsequently designed a trajectory generator (Negotiative Hesitation Generator) that can re-create the features in robot responses to conflicts. Our human-subjects experiment demonstrates the efficacy of the designed robot behaviour against non-negotiative stopping behaviour of a robot. With positive results from our human-robot interaction experiment, we provide a validated trajectory generator with which one can explore the dynamics of human-robot nonverbal negotiation of resource conflicts.
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Shevchuk, M. "‘Small Steps’ Approach to Conflict Settlement." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, no. 1 (2022): 38–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.1.68.1.
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The article analyzes the phenomenon of the small steps tactics in the peace process. An attempt is made to demonstrate how the systematic interaction of the parties to resolve non-politicized issues allows either to avoid another "freeze" of the negotiation process, or, at least, to maintain an informal dialogue when negotiations are not conducted at the political and diplomatic level. This approach is adjacent to the Track II diplomacy or one-and-a-half track diplomacy, as well as to the concepts of sustainable dialogue and confidence building measures. Reconciliation and finding a reliable formula for settlement is impossible in cases of protracted and smoldering conflicts without creating a sufficient level of mutual trust, at least between those social groups of representatives of the parties who form the political agenda and who are at the negotiating table. The study allowed the author to identify the similarity of confidence building measures and the "small steps" tactics, as well as conceptual differences that allow us to talk about its innovative nature. The article reviews the positive narratives of the "small steps" tactics and identifies limitations for its application. For this purpose, archival documents of the negotiation process, reports of the OSCE and foreign ministries of the parties to the conflict, statements of the involved participants, as well as the personal experience of the author, who was involved for a number of years in the negotiation process on the Transdnistrian settlement in the "5+2" format. The paper concludes that the "small steps" tactic is not able to resolve the conflict or build a settlement model, but, thanks to the principle of mutual security of behavior models, it makes it possible to achieve a change in the relations of the parties to the conflict, to transfer them from confrontational to cooperative, thus influencing the situation in the conflict zone.
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Trace, Karen. "The Art of Skilful Negotiating." Alberta Law Review 34, no. 1 (October 1, 1995): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr1099.
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This article is a comprehensive outline of the rationale behind and the skills involved in alternative dispute resolution. A discussion on the nature of conflict leads to the submission that convergent negotiation is a more efficient means of settling disputes, as opposed to the divergent negotiations that are typified by conventional adversarial negotiation. This is followed by a discussion of the various theories on negotiations. The processes and rationale involved in interest based negotiations are then reviewed. A condition precedent to the process is to get the parties to realize that they have a common problem that must be solved collectively, and not that one party must "win" at the expense of the other. The key skills and attributes of a successful interest-based negotiator are outlined: the negotiator must focus on the problem, use appropriate communication techniques, set the tone for mutual gain, prepare properly for negotiations and practice frequent self-evaluation. The article concludes with a complete framework designed to lead to successful negotiations.
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Ateng, Mathias Awonnatey, Joseph Abazaami, and A. Agoswin Musah. "Exploring the Role of Culture in Shaping the Dagbon Ethnopolitical Peace Negotiation Processes." International Negotiation 23, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 515–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-23031164.
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Abstract Culture is a significant factor in peace negotiation processes. It frames the parties’ perspectives and strategies to managing the conflict. This study explores the role of culture in the peace negotiation processes of the Dagbon ethnopolitical conflict of Northern Ghana. Twelve elders from the Dagbon Traditional Area with an in-depth understanding of the traditions and culture of Dagbon were interviewed using an unstructured interview guide. Similar to most findings on cross-cultural negotiation processes in high-context cultures, all the negotiators were men. The issues negotiated were largely based on the culture and traditions of Dagbon, and the interest and priorities of the negotiators were culturally defined. As with many other ethnopolitical conflicts, the culture of Dagbon was key in shaping the process and outcome of the peace negotiations. It is imperative for cultural issues to be properly understood and addressed satisfactorily in order not to undermine peace negotiation processes.
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Aall, Pamela, and Michael Lekson. "Negotiating Toward Peacemaking: Experience of the U.S. Institute of Peace." International Negotiation 15, no. 2 (2010): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180610x506983.
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AbstractThis article outlines the approach of the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) to training in negotiation and associated skills. USIP has provided such training for over a decade to a wide array of international practitioners, both those who are in some way directly engaged in, or at least affected by, a conflict, and international third parties from outside the conflict zone. USIP concentrates in its negotiation training on building an understanding of the negotiating environment as well as on building specific negotiation strategies. In addition to skill-building, the training programs focus on developing an understanding of the nature and dynamics of conflict and of the overlapping and interlocking nature of actors, issues, and interests in a conflict situation. The article points out five elements of content that must be included to ensure a successful program, providing illustrative examples from actual workshops. These elements include helping participants to establish effective relationships with negotiating counterparts; presenting basic concepts; acquiring and improving skills; practicing through simulations; and working together on how best to apply these skills to the real world conflicts with which they are dealing. The two case studies describe training programs for Serbian and Albanian leaders in Kosovo, and for Iraqi civil servants.
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Khoury, Nadim. "Plotting stories after war: Toward a methodology for negotiating identity." European Journal of International Relations 24, no. 2 (June 7, 2017): 367–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066117711743.
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Identity is an important factor in international conflicts. As it is a crucial part of the problem, some scholars argue, national identity should be an important part of the solution. Parties to the conflict, they recommend, should negotiate their national identities so as to reach a “narrative equilibrium” that will allow them to overcome national stereotypes, build trust, and sustain peaceful relations in the future. This article evaluates not the merits of these negotiations, but the tools that social scientists have employed to analyze them. Its main purpose, therefore, is methodological. It argues that attempts to theorize the negotiation of identity fall short of their goal because they focus heavily on the notion of negotiation and very little on the concept of identity. To remedy this shortcoming, the article turns to the structural theories of narrative to conceptualize the negotiation of identity as a negotiation of literary plots. It argues that the negotiation of identity is the attempt to move away from two mutually exclusive romantic plots, and toward tragic, comic, or satiric plots in counterpoint. The introduction of plots, the article concludes, provides important insights that help theorize the negotiation of identity in post-conflict scenarios.
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Chang, Lieh Ching. "Subcultural Differences in Taiwanese and Burmese Chinese Business Negotiation Styles." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 40, no. 7 (August 1, 2012): 1067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.7.1067.
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The subcultural differences in business negotiation styles between Taiwanese businesspeople and a small group of Burmese Chinese who have businesses in Taiwan were analyzed. Negotiating styles of collaboration, compromise, accommodation, competition, and withdrawal were examined, focusing on influential factors such as subculture and relationship and task-oriented conflicts. Results showed that the main difference between the 2 groups was that whereas Burmese Chinese tend to shun conflict and may even submit to their opponent to prevent a conflict from escalating, Taiwanese are less likely to employ an accommodation strategy. The conclusion was reached that in a task-oriented or relationship conflict, in a business situation Taiwanese and Burmese Chinese people differ significantly in their use of collaboration, accommodation, and withdrawal as negotiation styles.
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Tsao, Khee Ern, Zulkiflee Abdul Samad, Nur Mardhiyah Aziz, and Brabha Nagaratnam. "Negotiation for Managing Conflict in Construction Industry with Multicultural Context: A Systematic Review of Literature." Journal of Design and Built Environment 21, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol21no3.7.
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The construction industry plays an important role in economic growth, conflicts occurred in the project phases will slow down the construction progress, or driving to the worst scenario in abandoning the project. Negotiators need to overcome the conflict and smoothen the progress of the construction project with minimum harm to project stakeholders. This study conducted a systematic literature review of 60 publications published globally on conflict and negotiation areas to analyse and identify the negotiation factors. Based on the review and descriptive statistical analysis, the findings show there are linkages among the construction, business, and psychology sectors in handling conflicts through negotiation. However, culture-based negotiation or conflict management in construction industry studies are very few. There is an opportunity for future researches to bridge the study on culture-based negotiation and conflict management in the construction industry with multicultural context.
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Correa Rodríguez, Nieves, and Juan A. Rodríguez Hernández. "ESTRATEGIAS DE RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS EN LA PAREJA: NEGOCIANDO EN LO COTIDIANO." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v6.720.
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Abstract.STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN COUPLES: EVERYDAY NEGOTIATINGConflicts are normal situations in family life wich offer opportunities for personal growth and strengthening family relationships when constructive strategies are provided like negotiation, commitments and agreements. The frequent use of destructive strategies in everyday conflicts is associated with a growing unease in the family and a discontinuity in the family project. Couples show difficulties to implement courses of action culminating in agreements and commitments. This is a logical issue considering that the conflicts and the resolution strategies are complex situations. This work provides an analysis of daily conflict in couples contemplating conflict variables that mediate the use of resolution strategies and transactional processes that characterize these episodes. Finally, some guidelines are suggested to direct research and intervention in the field of conflict and family life.Keywords: Marital Conflict; Conflict Resolution Strategies; Negotiation; Situational Variables; Emotional Variables; Cognitive Variables.Resumen.Los conflictos son situaciones normales en la vida familiar. Suponen oportunidades para el crecimiento personal y el fortalecimiento de las relaciones familiares, siempre que se aborden con estrategias constructivas en las que prime la negociación, los compromisos y los acuerdos. El empleo frecuente de estrategias destructivas en los conflictos cotidianos se asocia a un creciente malestar en la familia poniendo en peligro la continuidad del proyecto familiar. Las parejas muestran dificultades para poner en marcha cursos de acción que culminen en acuerdos y compromisos. Lo que resulta comprensible si consideramos que los conflictos y las estrategias de resolución son situaciones complejas. Este trabajo ofrece un análisis del conflicto cotidiano en la pareja los conflictos contemplando las variables que mediatizan el uso de las estrategias de resolución y los procesos transaccionales que caracterizan estos episodios. Finalmente, se sugieren ciertas orientaciones para encauzar la investigación e intervención en el campo de los conflictos y la convivencia familiar.Palabras clave: Conflicto Marital; Estrategias de Resolución de Conflictos; Negociación; Variables emocionales; Variables Cognitivas, Variables Situacionales.
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Söderberg Kovacs, Mimmi. "A Matter of Faith? Negotiations with Boko Haram in Nigeria." International Negotiation 25, no. 3 (July 23, 2020): 435–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-bja10002.
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Abstract Why are armed conflicts involving warring parties with an Islamist agenda more difficult to resolve through negotiations? In previous research, two main explanations have been put forward; one that highlight the religious element of the parties’ conflict issue and one that emphasis the organizational character of these conflicts, in particular their transnational nature. Yet we still do not know which of these explanations that carry the most explanatory power. The purpose of this article is to test the empirical relevance of these theories through an in-depth study of five negotiation attempts between the government of Nigeria and the group known as Boko Haram during the time period 2011 to 2016. By doing so, this article both addresses one of the key theoretical debates in the scholarly field of religious conflicts and conflict resolution, and presents novel empirical material on a case not well covered in previous negotiation literature.
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Grace, Rob. "Humanitarian Negotiation with Parties to Armed Conflict." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 11, no. 1 (June 22, 2020): 68–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-01101003.
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This article examines the role of international humanitarian law (ihl) and humanitarian principles in the discourse of humanitarian negotiation. The article is based on extensive, semi-structured interviews conducted with 53 humanitarian practitioners about their experiences engaging in negotiations in the field. The article proceeds in four parts. Part 1 discusses two key factors at play during humanitarian negotiation processes. The first factor is the counterpart’s familiarity with relevant legal and normative frameworks. The second factor is the interests that can drive counterparts’ behavior. Part 2 presents a framework for understanding how the interaction of these two factors – familiarity and interest-alignment – can shape the discourse of humanitarian negotiation. Part 3 addresses the impact of these same issues on the humanitarian side of the negotiation. In particular, there is the possibility that humanitarian actors themselves might also lack familiarity with ihl and/or humanitarian principles and might find that their interests exist in tension with humanitarian laws and principles. The final section offers concluding remarks.
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Albin, Cecilia. "The Many Faces of Justice in International Negotiations." International Negotiation 20, no. 1 (March 17, 2015): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341296.
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There are a wide range of roles and effects that justice can have in negotiations at the international level. It can be a source of conflict and trigger for negotiation, a referent guiding negotiations, a subject of negotiation, a tool to reach effective agreements, and a tactical tool. Justice can assume any or several of these roles in any one negotiation. This article looks at justice as a lens through which to understand what drives negotiation processes and explains different results in the international arena.
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Samparisna O. D. Koibur. "Papua Conflict Reconciliation Model and Strategies." Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 8, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v8i4.166.
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At a glance, the Papuan conflict is a vertical conflict that has lasted more than 50 years. The main cause of this conflict is the desire for “Free Papua” which is supported by the Free Papua Movement (OPM). Conflicts also escalated over the issue of race and discrimination against Papuan students in Surabaya and Malang in August 2019. Negotiation is the Indonesian government's best option for resolving disputes in Papua. The main purpose of this article is to find the best solution for dispute resolution in Papua in terms of the terms that must be carried out and the negotiation process. This study uses a qualitative methodology to investigate social phenomena in society that occur naturally without engineering or laboratory work. This approach provides descriptive data in the form of descriptive or verbal words that describe conditions, situations, or certain different variables. The data collection technique is to use a literature search to obtain the required data. As a result, the Papua conflict negotiation process involved internal parties (central/regional government, KKB/OPM, traditional/religious leaders, civil society) and external parties (freeport), and became the main demand. Indicates that it is an independent Papua. Negotiations have been time consuming and faced many obstacles, but we continue to strive to reach a mutually beneficial solution. Dialogue between Jakarta and Papua should better reflect the cultural values of the Papuan people.
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Hopmann, P. Terrence. "Conclusion: Homage to I. William Zartman." International Negotiation 16, no. 1 (2011): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180611x553926.
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AbstractThis special issue of International Negotiation includes a range of studies and essays on the analysis of negotiation of contemporary conflicts that reflects the influence of I. William Zartman and his leadership of the Conflict Management Program at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies. He introduced some of the most significant and enduring concepts that have guided theory building and empirical analysis of negotiations for at least the past four decades. In this issue, eight of his colleagues and former students have contributed their research ‐ applying many of Zartman’s concepts and frameworks.
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Zhao, Jinshuai, and Baohua Yang. "CONFLICT EQUILIBRIUM PREFERENCE RANKING OF MULTIPLE DECISION MAKERS BASED ON CONFLICT RESOLUTION GRAPH MODEL AND EMOTION REGULATION." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A10—A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.013.
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Abstract Background Conflicts are inherent to all groups and organizations, and most conflicts are resolved through mediation or negotiation. In conflict negotiation, predicting the preference information of opponents is of great significance to solve conflict problems and reduce negotiation costs. The key condition is that one obtains the preferences of other decision makers from cognitive psychology in order to take the initiative in conflict negotiation with multiple decision makers (DMS). In other words, the most important thing in conflict is to identify the intentions and preferences of other discourse markers from the perspective of psychological cognition. Mastering the preference ranking of opponents may lead to some results of conflict, which can help decision makers calmly face the tension in the process of conflict and predict the next strategy more accurately. For decision makers, how to adjust their emotions in the negotiation is particularly important. Research objects and methods Under the framework of conflict resolution graph model (GMCR) of cognitive psychology, a method to obtain DM preference in multiple DM conflicts is constructed. Through reverse thinking, this method establishes three mathematical models: Nash, generalized sub rationality and sequence stability. These mathematical models can be used to obtain the minimum constraints of DM with unknown preferences. Achieving balance in conflict requires minimal constraints. This method allows other decision makers to obtain the preference ranking of their opponents on the premise that the conflict results are known. In turn, these preference rankings can balance known results. This study also used the questionnaire method to investigate the emotional micro behavior of each group in the negotiation process. This scale is used to measure the relationship between three independent variables: self accommodation, accommodation of others and the feeling of the degree to which others accommodate themselves. It includes 20 statements, with responses ranging from “almost always” (score 1) to “almost none” (score 5), with a total score between 20 (lowest accommodation) and 100 (highest accommodation). Results The method was applied to the conflict analysis of water pollution in Lanzhou. There are three reasons for this conflict: Lanzhou Veolia Water Company, Sinopec Lanzhou branch and the local government. Firstly, the GMCR model of the above conflict is established. Then, the preferences of Lanzhou Veolia Water Company and Sinopec Lanzhou branch are analyzed. Finally, using the above mathematical model, they can obtain the preference ranking of their opponents - local governments, which makes them invincible in conflict negotiations. In addition, the theoretical results are consistent with the actual conflict situation. At the same time, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified. The results showed that the scores of the four dimensions of emotion regulation in the first two groups were less than 2 points, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). After 8 weeks of emotion regulation intervention, the average scores of initiative, negotiation psychological mastery, tension evaluation and conflict attitude in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion The main contribution of this paper is to establish a mathematical model, which can be used to obtain the preference ranking of DM for ideal equilibrium. When obtaining the preference ranking of the main decision-makers, the mediator can guide the strategy choice of each decision-maker in the conflict and control the final result of the conflict. The results of this study provide a new and valuable perspective for conflict negotiation of multi discourse markers from the perspective of psychological cognition. This work can be extended to relative preferences or partially known preferences, because some DM preference information may be partially obtained. To sum up, through the comparative study of decision-makers' emotional behavior, this study found that emotional regulation can improve decision-makers' emotions in the negotiation process, not only solve conflicts more calmly, but also enable decision-makers to face difficulties and setbacks rationally, which is worthy of promotion. Acknowledgements Supported by projects grant from Jiangsu Normal University (Grant No.19XSRX001), Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (Grant No.2019SJA0922), and Humanities and Social Sciences Fund Planning Project of the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 18YJA630128).
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Ziyadov, Taleh. "Nagorno-Karabakh Negotiations: Though the Prism of a Multi-Issue Bargaining Model." International Negotiation 15, no. 1 (2010): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180610x488209.
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AbstractThis article examines various phases in the Nagorno-Karabakh (NK) negotiations between Armenia and Azerbaijan using a Multi-Issue Bargaining Model ‐ a modified version of the traditional bargaining model. It offers micro-level and phase-by-phase analysis of the negotiation process, mediation efforts and proposed mechanisms for the settlement of the NK conflict. Issues on the negotiation table and the evolution of the Azerbaijani and Armenian positions over time constitute a central focus of the article. The multi-issue model is applied to each negotiation phase in the NK conflict from 1994 until 2009.
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Harinck, Fieke, and Daniel Druckman. "Do Negotiation Interventions Matter? Resolving Conflicting Interests and Values." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002715569774.
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This study compared the effects of three interventions and a no-intervention control on the settlement of resource and value conflicts. These variables were arranged in a two (conflict issue: resources vs. values) by four (no intervention vs. other affirmation vs. shared identity vs. transaction costs) between-dyads design in which 127 dyads engaged in a negotiation task. Negotiators reached generally lower joint outcomes in the value conflict compared to the resource conflict, but after the other-affirmation intervention, this pattern was reversed. The shared-identity intervention did not result in higher joint outcomes for value conflicts. Stressing positive concern for the other negotiator may be a more effective strategy than stressing commonalities between the parties: increased concern for self and decreased defense of own opinions may account for this result. Forcing and logrolling behavior are shown to be mediating variables between the type of conflict and outcomes.
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von der Lippe, Anna Louise, and Inger Ulrikke Møller. "Negotiation of conflict, communication patterns, and ego development in the family of adolescent daughters." International Journal of Behavioral Development 24, no. 1 (March 2000): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502500383476.
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Late-adolescent females ( N = 39) and their parents were studied, relating the quality of conflict negotiation in the family to their ego development and their dyadic communication patterns. Family communication was evaluated by the Constraining and Enabling Coding System (CECS; Hauser et al., 1985) from discussions in a revealed difference task. Each statement given by a person directed at another was coded and scores were aggregated. Quality of negotiation for the family as a unit was assessed from the discussions in molar codings guided by Stierlin’s (1974) model of individuated relationships and developed for this study. Ego development was measured by Loevinger’s Washington University Sentence Completion Test. Analyses showed that the adolescents’, but not the parents’, ego level predicted family negotiation scores. The results also suggested that the quality of family negotiations was enhanced by different patterns of dyadic communication between adolescent daughters and their parents. Negotiating skill was high when there was cognitive complementarity between parents and daughters such that the father was cognitively enabling toward the daughter (and she was not) and the daughter was cognitively enabling toward the mother (whereas this was not predictive of the mother), and there was affective symmetry between parents and daughters (both facilitative). Daughters contributed to negotiation skill in the family by being more attentive to the mother than to the father. Regression analyses indicated that affective factors were more predictive of the negotiation climate in the family than cognitive factors.
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Janusch, Holger. "The Breakdown of International Negotiations: Social Conflicts, Audience Costs, and Reputation in Two-Level Games." International Negotiation 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 495–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341340.
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This article examines whether the two-level game can theoretically explain negotiation breakdowns without referring to uncertainty alone. For this purpose, social conflicts are integrated in the two-level game. In this light, the classical hypothesis that smaller win-sets increase the risk of a negotiation breakdown can no longer be maintained. Instead, conflict intensity – and thereby the risk of breakdown – correlates with the intersection of the win-sets in the form of an inverted U-curve. It follows that negotiations are most likely to break down when the intersection of the win-sets is perceived as medium-sized, because the bargaining space and thereby the potential of conflict intensity is largest/highest. Furthermore, the insertion of social conflicts into the equation runs counter to the hypothesis that issue linkages facilitate international cooperation. On the contrary, issue linkages increase the risk that goal conflicts, in particular, intensify each other by spreading from one issue to another.
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Demoulin, Stéphanie, and Carsten K. W. de Dreu. "Introduction: Negotiation in intergroup conflict." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 13, no. 6 (October 28, 2010): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430210379462.
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Although conflicts most often occur between groups, research and theory on conflict management and negotiation have largely focused on the interpersonal system and ignored how groups negotiate a solution to their intergroup conflict. Thus we have a thorough understanding of the motivational, cognitive, and affective processes underlying the development of high quality solutions in interpersonal negotiation, but we know little about the extent to which these insights can be comfortably generalized to intergroup settings. Likewise, the large volume of work on intergroup perceptions and intergroup relations has much to say about intergroup negotiation, but these research areas have rarely been connected and produced systematic analysis. The current Special Issue presents research on these topics and aims at promoting cross-talk between negotiation researchers and social psychologists in the intergroup relation domain.
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Gună, Dan. "The Importance Of Enforcing The Fundamental Principles Of International Law During The Negotiation Process." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2015-0074.
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Abstract Diplomatic negotiations represent the most frequently regulated and used method when it comes to states settling their international conflicts. The negotiation process can be influenced by many factors, such as: the characteristics of the conflict, the power balance, the relation between the parties in conflict. From the perspective of international law, a significant importance for the success of negotiations is held by the observance of some principles such as: sovereign equality of the parties, the absence of force or threat to use the force, good faith, lack of interference in internal affairs, abstention from committing any act capable to worsen the conflict. For a solid lengthy settlement of a conflict, no solution can be imposed by using the force or threatening to use it and, hence, transgressing the essential attribute of states – sovereignty. States must show a good faith attitude during negotiations and use this diplomatic method with the real intent of settling the conflict and not for other strategic reasons, like getting extra time or creating a good faith appearance in front of the public opinion as they were looking for a solution.
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Ogliastri, Enrique, and Gimmy Salcedo. "La cultura negociadora en el Perú: un estudio exploratorio." Cuadernos de difusión 13, no. 25 (December 30, 2008): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46631/jefas.2008.v13n25.01.
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This is a qualitative study about how to conduct business in Peru. It is based on 47 semi-structured questionnaires on pointed negotiation experiences in which a Peruvian side was involved. The information was classified into 23 items about the customs, tactics, concepts, expectations, beliefs and values that occur in conflict and negotiation processes in Peru. Here was found a culture very similar to that widespread in Latin America: the dominance of haggling as a negotiating process, based on an unreasonable request at the beginning that is to be adjusted slowly. Cordial relations are preferred in an informal atmosphere; it is customary to not do much preparation for the negotiation and recourse to cunning and power more often than to objective technical criteria. In this culture emotions are expressed, and uncertainties have generated a great deal of flexibility in negotiations. The results must be validated by further analysis. This study is part of an extensive research on intercultural negotiation.
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Zhang, Jing, and Yeli Shi. "The Application of Vague Language in International Business Negotiations from a Cross-cultural Perspective." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, no. 7 (July 1, 2017): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0707.13.
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in the environment of economic globalization, business negotiation becomes more and more frequent than ever. International business negotiation has a significant role in international business trade. There are many factors that can affect the negotiation, including language, culture, negotiators, and negotiation strategies. Language as an important tool plays a great role in the negotiation strategies. It is commonly held that precise language should be used in business negotiations in order to avoid misunderstanding. However, people ignore the fact that language itself is vague in essence. Negotiators unavoidably use vague language in business negotiations, for vague language can be used as a kind of politeness strategy. Appropriate use of vague language will make the negotiation go smoothly, and avoid the conflict of business negotiation so as to achieve the purpose of cooperation.
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Pruitt, Dean G. "Prenegotiation Development of Optimism in Intractable Conflict." International Negotiation 20, no. 1 (March 17, 2015): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341297.
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Except when there is substantial third-party pressure for settlement, participants in intractable conflict will only enter negotiation if they are motivated to end the conflict and optimistic about negotiation’s chances of success. The sources of such optimism are explored using case material from three intractable interethnic conflicts that were ultimately resolved by negotiation. In all three cases, optimism developed during prenegotiation communication between the parties. Also there were two main channels of communication, each channel providing credibility to the other and serving as a back-up if the other failed. In two of the cases the communication was face-to-face and friendly, but in the third it was distant and mediated by a chain of two intermediaries. A possible reason for this difference is that the parties were positively interdependent in the first two cases but not in the third. The paper concludes with a summary of three psychological experiments that demonstrate the impact of positive vs. negative interdependence.
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ERDEN, Mustafa Suphi, Kemal LEBLEBİCİOĞLU, and Uğur HALICI. "CONFLICT RESOLUTION BY NEGOTIATION." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 35, no. 1 (2002): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.00984.
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Prathama, Nikolaus Ageng. "NEGOSIASI IDENTITAS DALAM REKONSILIASI KONFLIK ANTARETNIS (KASUS : RELASI ETNIS MADURA DENGAN ETNIS DAYAK)." Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 6, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.6.1.110-119.
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ABSTRACTWhen a number of Madurese individual returned to the former conflict area in Central Kalimantan, the phenomena of identity negotiation in communication process between Dayaknese and Madurese individual has arisen. The events of social conflict between these two ethnic groups in 2001, tended to be a sensitive issue for Dayaknese and Madurese. Therefore, when Dayaknese and Madurese individual made contact and interact with each other, prejudice and negative stereotype were appeared. And then, mindful interethnics communication disturbed.The study based on genre of interpretive and phenomenology tradition, to get perceiver’s world, which is Dayaknese and Madurese individual, about identity negotiations in their daily interaction activities. Furthermore, by identity negotiation theory perspective, that accentuate mutual understanding among members of the dominant and minority groups, this study also seeks to gain meaning of individual relations of Dayaknese and Madurese ethnic which are understood by both parties in the framework of inter-ethnic conflict reconciliation.The results of this study indicate that relationships involving Dayak and Madura individuals in living together, have a positive development post social conflicts 2001. They could negotiated their own cultural identity in the process of daily interaction. However, there are still negative stereotypes, although their stereotypes do not completely block their intercultural interaction process. In addition, this study also revealed the results of the process of identity negotiation conducted by both parties. The form is the use of Dayaknese and Madurese Language and the existence of mixed marriages that are encouraged by both parties. The most prominent phenomenon in this Dayaknese and Madurese post-conflict individual relations is the cooperation made by the leaders to maintain good relations and prevent the emergence of social upheaval in the society.Key words: negotiations, reconciliations, conflict, Dayaknese, Madurese
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Dwi Hapsari W, Ellysabeth Ratih. "MANAJEMEN KONFLIK ANTARBUDAYA PADA ORGANISASI INTERNASIONAL." Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/interaksi.6.2.11-19.
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ABSTRACTCommunicating effectively with people from different cultures in the workplace is very challenging. Barriers to intercultural communication can occur, such as anxiety, roles and norms, beliefs and values, stereotypes and ethnocentrism. These barriers can cause internal conflict within a group of organizations or companies that have employees with different cultures. Internal conflicts that occur will also prevent the organization to achieve its goals. The current issue is how the management of intercultural communication conflicts occurs in international organizations. The purpose of this study is to describe the experience of employees of international organizations in the management of intercultural communication conflicts by knowing the negotiation of employee identity, knowing the types and forms of conflict experienced by employees of international organizations and knowing the form of face management in inter-cultural communication conflict management at employees of international organizations. The subject of this research are international organization employees from India, UK, Indonesia and China. Theory used in this study are Identity Negotiation Theory, Face Negotiation Theory, Effective Intercultural Workgroup in Communication Theory and Thomas and Killman’s Conflict Management Model. The results showed that the negotiation of identity between collectivist and individualist cultures that occurred begins with the interaction between cultures in the form of communication behavior, language, personal character and response from other employees. Differences in ways of thinking and view are the main causes of conflict between individualist and collectivist cultures. Face owned by each culture influences other differences such as how individuals perceive themselves in conflict, self-priority in conflict, and the conflict management style used. Intercultural conflict management that occurs requires a third party as a mediator.Keywords : Intercultural Communication, Conflict Management, International Organization
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Bell, Arvid. "The Roadblock of Contested Recognition: Identity-Based Justice Claims as an Obstacle to Peace Negotiations in Afghanistan." International Negotiation 19, no. 3 (October 15, 2014): 518–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718069-12341289.
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Resistance to negotiation and the continuation of violence dictate the course of events in the Afghanistan conflict. However, several studies have thoroughly explored the interests of the main parties to the conflict and a settlement that respects their key demands is possible. The current military situation resembles a “hurting stalemate,” which according to rationalist assumptions should compel the parties to move toward negotiations. This article argues that the main obstacle to negotiation is an underlying and unaddressed conflict of recognition between the United States, the Afghan government, and the Taliban. While each party believes it is driven by justice claims, they perceive their opponents to be driven by a hostile strategy informed by incompatible interests. Relying on the Cultural Theory of International Relations, this article explores the parties’ motives in the conflict, focusing on the need to strive for esteem and honor. It suggests that the reciprocal acknowledgement of legitimate identity-related justice claims could remove a key obstacle to formal negotiation.
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Cunha, Pedro, Maria Olimpia Paiva, and Ana Paula Monteiro. "Negotiation Efficacy in Conflicts between Students: Results from a Portuguese Study." International Journal of Research in Education and Science 7, no. 4 (October 10, 2021): 1076–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijres.2389.
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Negotiation is one of the most used conflict management procedures in the school context, since through an effective solution against violence is reached. This investigation considers personal and scholars variables that can influence negotiation efficacy in conflicts between elementary school students, namely sex, school grade, number of failures, study time school goals, and evaluation. Following a quantitative approach, the sample consisted of 874 Portuguese students from elementary schools, 452 males and 422 females with ages ranged between 10 and 18 years. The instruments applied were a personal questionnaire, and the School Conflicts Negotiation Efficacy Questionnaire (SCNEQ). The results show that sex, number of failures, and study time have an influence on the students' negotiation efficacy, as well as on student´s evaluations. The limitations of the study and practical implications for conflict management in schools are also presented, namely that the development of students’ negotiation abilities is relevant.
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Chmielecki, Michał. "Conceptual negotiation metaphors across cultures – research findings from Poland, China, The United States and Great Britain." Journal of Intercultural Management 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/joim-2013-0022.
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Abstract Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in the cultural dimensions of conflict resolution. Books, numerous studies, and courses have offered perspectives on the nature of culture and its complex relationship to the transformation of conflict. This article focuses on metaphors concerning negotiations across cultures. The study attempts to contribute knowledge in the field of cross-cultural studies on language and culture, especially with regards to negotiation metaphors. The article attempts to answer a question how does the usage of metaphors for the process of negotiation differ across cultures
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Barkat, Johnston S. "Reaching for ripeness: promoting negotiation through unilateral conciliatory action." International Journal of Conflict Management 30, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 180–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-10-2017-0125.
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PurposeWhile the process of negotiation has been studied extensively, little research has been done on the factors that lead parties to the negotiation table. In light of this, the purpose of this paper is to examine effects of unilateral conciliatory initiatives (UCIs) (actions) on the willingness and preparedness of parties to negotiate.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a separate-sample posttest, 2 × 3 factorial design. Subjects were placed into simulated intractable resource- and identity-based conflicts. Groups then received UCIs (in the form of economic aid and apology) intended to benefit the other and contribute to a high commitment to de-escalation (ripeness). Ripeness was measured by increased empathy; and decreased distrust, escalatory behaviors (operationalized as aggression and autistic hostility), anger, win-lose/competitive orientation and negative attributions.FindingsUCIs were shown to impact both the state and the process of ripeness. Apology facilitated ripeness in an identity conflict and positively impacted five of the six resistance areas in a resource conflict. Economic aid likewise affected ripeness in an identity conflict but did not impact a resource conflict better than an apology. The offer of an apology affected empathy in both conflict types but economic aid did not do so in a resource conflict. It was also observed that an identity-based conflict produced less trust and increased negative attributions than did a resource conflict.Originality/valueThis suggests that identity and resource conflicts activate some resistance areas differently. It also reveals that similar interventions may be effective in both conflicts but that each UCI affects particular resistance areas differently. The findings suggest that there should be an increased emphasis on apology by conflict resolution practitioners. The practical and theoretical implications of apologies and resource sharing in de-escalation are discussed, to facilitate their appropriate use in resolution strategies that reduce tensions within conflict.
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Eriksson, Jacob. "Coercion and third-party mediation of identity-based conflict." Review of International Studies 45, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210518000566.
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AbstractThis article analyses third-party mediation of identity-based conflicts, which are notoriously difficult to resolve. It seeks to reconcile the contradiction in the mediation literature between the need for less coercive strategies to ensure ownership of a peace agreement and the need for more coercive strategies to reach a final agreement. Through an analysis of mediation of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the article makes four contributions to existing literature. First, the article develops a theoretical ‘best fit’ model that proposes a u-shaped relationship between intensity of mediator coercion and transition through phases of negotiation. Second, it challenges the prevailing notion that pre-negotiation does not involve coercion. Third, it suggests that epistemological and ontological understandings of a conflict and the role of a mediator by both the mediator and the parties mean that mediators enjoy limited capacity to effectively shift from high- to low-coercive strategies. Multi-party mediation can provide the flexibility needed to execute the coercion u-curve effectively. Fourth, it challenges existing understandings of the US-mediated negotiations during the Annapolis process, 2007–08.
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Casmir, Fred. "Conflict Resolution." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 6, no. 1 (November 14, 2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v6i1.2108.
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TRULY effective and successful human negotiation and the resolution of conflict (also where South Africa is concerned) can only be developed by a process preceding actual negotiation. Destructive tendencies resulting from perceptions or expectations deeply rooted in different cultural backgrounds, can only be overcome through the conscious effort to create a basic, mutually acceptable communication sub-culture in which trust plays a central role. Rather than approaching any given negotiation situation with a fixed, preconceived action model already in mind, communication scholars will have to begin their work much earlier. Individual, social, and cultural components which exist prior to interpersonal communication situations will have to be identified and studied. This approach requires the initial acceptance of complexity, and the ability to allow specific conditions to assist them in discovering and developing situationally appropriate techniques.
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ASTASHENKOVA, Dariia K. "CONFLICTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE: RELEVANT PROBLEMS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND BUSINESS PROTOCOL." Мова, no. 36 (April 1, 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4558.2021.36.249725.
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The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze non-verbal factors of conflicts arising in the international space during the process of business communication between the representatives of different cultures. The object of research is the intercultural conflict communication. The subject of consideration is conflicts in the international space, which arise against the background of violations of the protocol and intercultural communication norms by the parties of the negotiation process. To determine the non-verbal factors of conflicts arising in the international space, were used a methodof collecting informationas well as a method of observation, analysis and description, which allowed to highlight how the conflict-generating factors affect the international political communication.The result of this articleis proved that the irrational use of the national-culture symbols, as well as the violations of protocol contributing to the conflicts in the international space.Conclusions. Due to the ongoing process of globalization and intensification of contacts between the representatives of the Ukraine at the international level, knowledge about the intercultural communication norms and business protocol rules has become the integral competences to achieve the goals set in the negotiation process. The lack of the above-mentioned competencesmay damage the Ukraine’s image in the international arena, can lead to misunderstandings in the process of meetings and, as a consequence, obtain a negative outcome of the negotiations. On the contrary, awareness of the norms of intercultural communication and business protocol provides the opportunity to avoid conflicts, clearly express intentions, as well as to understand the signals transmitted by the counter-partiesin the negotiation process.
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Zhai, Li Li, Ze Yi Yang, and Qin Ying Sun. "The Negotiation Support System for High-Tech Virtual Enterprise." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3027–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3027.
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To solve the cooperation-conflict negotiation problems among the members of High-tech Virtual Enterprise (HTVE), High-tech Virtual Enterprise Negotiation Support System (HTVE-NSS) based on RIA architecture is put forward. According to the operation characteristics of High-tech Virtual Enterprise, in this system, the structure of High-tech Virtual Enterprise Negotiation Support System is designed, which consists of the problem processing system, the model base system and remote conference system. And HTVE-NSS adopts artificial intelligence technology to design problem processing system (PPS), and uses UML-Petri net to describe the process of model. The architecture of Negotiation Conference System based on Flex and RIA is designed and Red5 Streaming media server is introduced to support conference interaction, which effectively supports the way to solve the conflict between High-Tech Virtual Enterprises by negotiating.
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Nan, Susan Allen, and Andrea Strimling. "Coordination in Conflict Prevention, Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding." International Negotiation 11, no. 1 (2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180606777835784.
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AbstractThis issue of International Negotiation focuses on coordination in conflict resolution. It includes nine articles that discuss theoretical concerns and practical insights about coordination among organizations involved in various aspects of conflict prevention, conflict resolution and peacebuilding, highlighting the utility of applying negotiation theory to the analysis of their relationships, interactions, and cooperative processes. This article presents a thematic overview of the articles and concludes by outlining areas for further development of theory and practice.
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Aleksieieva, Tetiana, and Hoang Thi Kieu Trinh. "PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS IN THE 21ST CENTURY." Three Seas Economic Journal 2, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2021-4-2.
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The aim of the article is to study psychological characteristics in the context of the negotiation process as one of the mechanisms of diplomacy in the XXI centu-ry. Research is based on an understanding of the main psychological factors of the participants and their influence on the results of negotiations. The success of the negotiation process depends on understanding the goal that the participants set for themselves, their general model of behavior, and the technology of negoti-ation. Methodology. The study used the methodology of interdisciplinary science. The authors used methods such as analysis and synthesis. An analysis of infor-mation from various sources based on psychological aspects of the negotiation process was conducted. The results of the analysis of psychological features of negotiations show that the psychology of participants is one of the integral fac-tors influencing the results of conflict resolution and the negotiation process itself. Negotiators may view negotiations as a means of winning or treat them as a means of analyzing a problem together with a partner and finding ways to solve it. From the psychological point of view, it is very important to take into account the fact that at the preparatory stage of negotiations there are already certain ide-as (stereotypes) about partners, connected with cultural and/or ethnic features. Careful preparation for negotiations and the study of the characteristics of the participants in terms of their psychology will allow for a successful conclusion of the negotiation process. Future negotiations can only be successful if the parties carefully analyze the situation. Misunderstandings between the parties can lead to a breakdown in negotiations or an unfavorable result. Practical implications. The results of the analysis of the psychology of participants in the negotiation pro-cess and identification of their characteristics can be used as a theoretical com-plement to the research in the context of psychological communication, causes and ways to resolve conflicts through negotiations. Value/originality. The study of psychological peculiarities allows us to better understand the partners in nego-tiations in order to complete them successfully with the most favorable condi-tions for all participants in the negotiation process.
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Rajavel, Rajkumar, and Mala Thangarathinam. "Optimizing Negotiation Conflict in the Cloud Service Negotiation Framework Using Probabilistic Decision Making Model." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/858975.
Full textAbstract:
Optimization of negotiation conflict in the cloud service negotiation framework is identified as one of the major challenging issues. This negotiation conflict occurs during the bilateral negotiation process between the participants due to the misperception, aggressive behavior, and uncertain preferences and goals about their opponents. Existing research work focuses on the prerequest context of negotiation conflict optimization by grouping similar negotiation pairs using distance, binary, context-dependent, and fuzzy similarity approaches. For some extent, these approaches can maximize the success rate and minimize the communication overhead among the participants. To further optimize the success rate and communication overhead, the proposed research work introduces a novel probabilistic decision making model for optimizing the negotiation conflict in the long-term negotiation context. This decision model formulates the problem of managing different types of negotiation conflict that occurs during negotiation process as a multistage Markov decision problem. At each stage of negotiation process, the proposed decision model generates the heuristic decision based on the past negotiation state information without causing any break-off among the participants. In addition, this heuristic decision using the stochastic decision tree scenario can maximize the revenue among the participants available in the cloud service negotiation framework.