Books: 'Neglected Infectious disease'

1

Neglected Infections of Impoverished Americans Act of 2011: Report (to accompany H.R. 528) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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2

United, States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Africa Global Health Global Human Rights and International Organizations. Addressing the neglected diseases treatment gap: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, June 27, 2013. Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

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3

Chronic Care for Neglected Infectious Diseases: Leprosy/Hansen's Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Trachoma, and Chagas Disease. Pan American Health Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275122501.

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In 2016, PAHO's Directing Council, through Resolution CD55.R9, approved the “Plan of Action for Elimination of Neglected Infectious Diseases (NID) and Post-Elimination Actions, 2016-2022.” This Resolution urges Member States to implement a set of interventions to reduce the burden of disease by NID in the Americas by 2022, including “…support promotion of treatment, rehabilitation, and related support services through an approach focused on integrated morbidity management and disability prevention for individuals and families afflicted by those neglected infectious diseases that cause disability and generate stigma.” NIDs can have devastating chronic sequelae for patients, such as disability, visible change or loss in body structure, loss of tissue, and impairment of proper tissue and organ function, among others. All of these can in turn lead to unjustified discrimination, stigmatization, mental health problems, and partial or total incapacity to work, perpetuating the vicious cycle of neglected diseases as both a consequence and a cause of poverty. Patients with chronic conditions caused by NIDs require proper health care in order to prevent further damage and improve their living and social conditions. This should be provided at the primary health care level, as patients suffering from NIDs are often unable to travel to or afford to pay for specialized care services. Care for patients suffering from chronic morbidity caused by NID should be integrated into care for other chronic conditions caused by non-communicable diseases. This manual provides a framework for morbidity management and disability prevention of patients affected by NIDs and gives specific guidance for the proper care of patients suffering from chronic conditions caused by lymphatic filariasis, leprosy, trachoma, and Chagas disease. It is intended to be used mainly by health care workers at the primary health care level, but health workers at more complex and specialized levels may also find it useful.

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4

Pan American Pan American Health Organization. Chronic Care for Neglected Infectious Diseases: Leprosy/Hansen's Disease, Lymphatic Filariasis, Trachoma, and Chagas Disease. Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 2021.

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5

Secretariat National Academy of Medicine and Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future. Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to Counter Infectious Disease Crises. National Academies Press, 2016.

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6

Secretariat National Academy of Medicine and Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future. Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to Counter Infectious Disease Crises. National Academies Press, 2016.

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7

Secretariat National Academy of Medicine and Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future. Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to Counter Infectious Disease Crises. National Academies Press, 2016.

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8

Neglected Dimension of Global Security: A Framework to Counter Infectious Disease Crises. National Academies Press, 2016.

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9

Toolkit for Integrated Serosurveillance of Communicable Diseases in the Americas. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275125656.

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Serosurveillance is a tool that complements traditional public health methods for surveillance of communicable diseases and provides valuable information on disease transmission in populations; for example, to identify gaps in immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases. This information is useful for monitoring population exposure to diseases such as malaria, neglected infectious diseases, foodborne diseases, waterborne diseases, vector-borne diseases, and emerging infectious diseases. As many infectious diseases are or have been present in populations that live in environments where various risk factors overlap, consequently, integrated serosurveillance facilitates synergies and optimizes the utilization of public health resources. This toolkit was developed to facilitate the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and use of results of integrated serosurveys to reinforce countries’ capacities toward the elimination of communicable diseases. The first part describes the basic concepts of serosurveys and serosurveillance, its uses, benefits and challenges, ways to improve its efficiency, and its potential to contribute to decision-making in public health. Subsequently, this toolkit presents a stepwise process for the implementation of survey-based integrated serological surveillance. It includes recommendations on how to identify the need for and purpose of gathering serological information; the survey design and methodology; laboratory methods; practical considerations for survey implementation; data analysis and interpretation; and the use of findings to support decision-making. It is primarily aimed to support program managers and teams involved in the control and elimination of communicable diseases. The target audience includes, but it is not restricted to, coordinators of communicable diseases, neglected infectious diseases, and immunization programs; epidemiological surveillance managers; public health laboratory staff; and other staffers of cabinet-level and subnational health departments or authorities who may be interested in incorporating integrated serosurveillance into the tools of their surveillance systems, as a means of gaining additional insight into population transmission of infectious diseases.

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10

Neglected Tropical Diseases and other Infectious Diseases affecting the Heart. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2020-0-03608-x.

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11

Baranchuk, Adrian, and Clara Saldarriaga. Neglected Tropical Diseases and Other Infectious Diseases Affecting the Heart. Elsevier Science & Technology, 2021.

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12

Dondorp, Arjen M. Other tropical diseases in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0294.

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A wide range of tropical infectious diseases can cause critical illness. Knowledge of the local epidemiology where the disease is acquired is essential. In addition, local resistance patterns of common bacterial pathogens can be very different in tropical countries, so that antibiotic regimens might need adaptation. The ‘surviving sepsis’ guidelines are not always appropriate for the treatment of tropical sepsis. Both diseases require a more restricted fluid management. Leptospirosis is another important tropical disease that can cause sepsis with liver and renal failure or ARDS with pulmonary haemorrhages. Neglected tropical diseases causing neurological syndromes include trypanosomiasis (Sub-Saharan Africa) and rabies. Several viruses in the tropics can cause encephalitis. Recent epidemics of respiratory viruses causing life-threatening pneumonia have had their origins in tropical countries, including severe acute respiratory syndrome, influenza A subtype H5N1 (‘avian influenza’), and recently Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.

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13

Baranchuk, Adrian, and Clara Saldarriaga. NET-Heart Book: Neglected Tropical Diseases and Other Infectious Diseases Affecting the Heart. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2021.

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14

Jayaprakash, Venkatesan, Daniele Castagnolo, and Yusuf Ozkay. Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected Tropical Diseases. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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15

Jayaprakash, Venkatesan, Daniele Castagnolo, and Yusuf Özkay. Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases: Advances in the Design and Synthesis of Antimicrobial Agents. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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16

Jayaprakash, Venkatesan, Daniele Castagnolo, and Yusuf Özkay. Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases: Advances in the Design and Synthesis of Antimicrobial Agents. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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17

Medicinal Chemistry of Neglected and Tropical Diseases: Advances in the Design and Synthesis of Antimicrobial Agents. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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18

Guideline for the Treatment of Leishmaniasis in the Americas. Second Edition. Pan American Health Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275125038.

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Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease of great importance in the Region of the Americas because of its prevalence, wide geographical distribution, morbidity and mortality. Several species of Leishmania can cause disease, and the resulting presentations differ in their clinical manifestations, diagnostic signs, severity, and treatment responses. The three main forms of leishmaniasis disease are: cutaneous, mucosal or visceral, of which cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common. Visceral leishmaniasis (caused by L. infantum) is the most severe form and can cause death in up to 90% of untreated people. In 2013, PAHO, with the support of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation, developed recommendations for the treatment of leishmaniasis in the Americas using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Since that time, new evidence has accumulated necessitating a revision of these recommendations. This publication, the second edition of the treatment guidelines for the Americas, has been put together with the leadership of PAHO’s Regional Program for Leishmaniasis with the support of the World Health Organization. It presents updated therapeutic recommendations for all three major forms of leishmaniasis disease, detailing the schemes and criteria for indication of treatment in the regional context. There are several notable changes from the first edition. For cutaneous disease, ketoconazole has been removed from the list of treatment options. Evidence for thermotherapy and pentamidine isethionate has been upgraded to “conditional” from “weak” in the previous edition. The number of Leishmania species for which there is strong evidence of the effectiveness of miltefosine has increased from two to four. And the evidence for intralesional antimonials in this disease form is now strong, whereas previously it was considered weak. The evidence for treatments for mucosal leishmaniasis – which is now considered separately to cutaneous disease – has become stronger since the first analysis, with the recommendation for use of pentavalent antimonials with or without oral pentoxifylline now strong. For visceral disease, the evidence has moved in the other direction. Whereas in the first edition, the evidence was considered strong for pentavalent antimonials, amphotericina B deoxycholate, it is now conditional. For miltefosine, there is now strong evidence against its useage. Further changes include the division of recommendations by adult and pediatric populations and the addition of new specific recommendations for immunocompromised patients that were not available in the first edition, including a strong recommendation against the use of pentavalent antimonials.

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19

Gramiccia, Marina. The Leishmanioses. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0051.

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Leishmanioses are a large group of parasitic diseases range over the intertropical zones of America and Africa, and extend into temperate regions of South America, Southern Europe and Asia. The clinical aspect of the diseases is wide ranging from a simple, self-resolving cutaneous lesion to the potentially fatal visceral leishmaniosis, known as kala-azar. In numerous underdeveloped countries leishmanioses remain a major public health problem representing one of the most neglected diseases. Among 15 well-recognized Leishmania species known to infect humans, 13 have definite zoonotic nature, which include agents of visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms of the disease in both the Old and New Worlds. Mammal reservoir hosts belong to the marsupalia, edentata, carnivora, hyracoidea, and rodentia, maintaining sylvatic zoonotic foci in the deserts of Africa and Asia, the forests of South and Central America, as well as synanthropic foci in the Mediterranean basin and much of South America. Although the known vectors are all phlebotomine sandflies, these have a wide range of specific habits and habitats. The complexity of this group of infections has only recently been appreciated and is still being worked out. Currently, leishmanioses show a wider geographical distribution than previously known, with increased global incidence of human disease. Environmental, demographic and human behavioural factors contribute to the changing leishmaniosis landscape, which basically include increasing risk factors for zoonotic cutaneous leishmanioses, and new scenarios associated with the zoonotic entity of visceral leishmaniosis. In comparison with the anthroponotic entities of leishmaniosis, limited progresses were made for the control of the zoonotic ones, consisting mainly in new tools developed for the control of L. infantum in the canine reservoir.

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20

Eisenberg, Rebecca S. Intellectual Property and Public Health. Edited by Rochelle Dreyfuss and Justine Pila. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198758457.013.35.

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This chapter considers the relationship between intellectual property (IP) and public health with a primary focus on US patent law and international law. The first part focuses on health innovation and considers the limits of patents and other exclusionary rights as a source of incentives for innovation to address certain public health priorities. It considers four categories of innovation that present a mismatch between public health priorities and private incentives for innovation: vaccines, anti-infectives, neglected diseases, and nonexcludable innovations. The second part considers conflicts between IP and public health arising from restrictions on access to patented technologies. It examines market and policy mechanisms to facilitate access to patented technologies, including price discrimination, public and private insurance, price controls, and legal restrictions on patents.

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21

Palmer, Stephen. The global challenge of zoonoses control. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0001.

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Zoonotic diseases are now recognized as a major global threat to human health and sustainable development and a major concern for national and international agencies (Marano et al. 2006). There was a period in the 1960s and 70s when it was widely expected that the antibiotic and vaccine era would relegate infectious diseases to footnotes of history, and in many countries communicable control systems were neglected (Keusch et al. 2009) but the frequent and often dramatic appearance of new infectious agents or the reappearance of well recognized zoonoses has changed perceptions. ‘A wide variety of animal species, domesticated, peri-domesticated and wild, can act as reservoirs for these pathogens, which may be viruses, bacteria, parasites or prions. Considering the wide variety of animal species involved and the often complex natural history of the pathogens concerned, effective surveillance, prevention and control of zoonotic diseases pose a real challenge to public health’ (WHO 2004). No country has been able to anticipate the sudden and sometimes devastating impact of novel agents, and international trade and transport of people, animals and goods have ensured that wherever zoonoses emerge they have to be considered as global issues. The cost of zoonoses can be enormous. The H1N1v pandemic which began in pig herds on the Mexico-US border resulted in major losses to the pork industry amounting to US$25 million per week; fear that transmission could occur from meat led to the banning of importation of pigs and pork products by at least 15 countries (Keusch et al. 2009). And in addition to these ‘natural’ threats, several zoonoses are prime agents for deliberate release by disaffected groups. A more esoteric threat, though nonetheless a real cause of concern, is the possibility of zoonotic emergence from xenotransplantation (Mattiuzzo et al. 2008).

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22

Roberts, Charlotte A. Leprosy. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683401841.001.0001.

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Leprosy is an infection and neglected tropical disease that is steeped in myths, and, although it is described in history books, it can remain a challenge to manage today. Written in an accessible manner for professionals and the public alike, this book takes a global view of leprosy past and present. As a backdrop, it starts with exploring what we actually know about leprosy from medicine, how it is spread to humans, and its effects on the body. It then moves to consider its diagnosis and treatment in people, past and present. The focus switches next to the ways in which leprosy is diagnosed in skeletons (paleopathology), from just looking at the bones to analyzing the DNA of the bacteria preserved in the bones. By doing so, information on skeletons with evidence of leprosy across the globe is synthesized with the aim of considering the current state of global knowledge regarding the origin, evolution, and history of leprosy. In particular, the book explores how all the people diagnosed with leprosy in their skeletons in the past were buried, and the myth that everybody was ostracized and segregated into leprosy hospitals, due to stigma, is dismissed. It concludes with thoughts on a future for leprosy, the need to continue to dispel its myths and to seriously reconsider the use of the word “leper” when discussing leprosy today and in the past.

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23

Sony, Dr Krishan K., Dr Nidhi Verma, and Dr Mohsin Uddin, eds. PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC. REDSHINE Publication, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25215/1794795529.

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has sparked a global health crisis that has altered our perceptions of the world and our daily lives. Not only has the velocity of infection and transmission patterns undermined our feeling of agency, but the safety measures to restrict the virus's spread also demanded social and physical separation, prohibiting us from seeking solace in the company of others. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has wreaked havoc on daily life and normal activities as well as having serious health, economic, financial, and societal consequences Lockdowns and physical/social distancing measures were enforced in numerous countries throughout the world beginning in March 2020. COVID-19 has claimed the lives of hundreds of thousands of people all over the world. This high death toll, combined with the rapid changes in daily life brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, may have a negative impact on child and adolescent mental health. Individuals' reactions to the security measures adopted to combat the epidemic varied depending on the social roles they played. Some segments of the population seem to be more exposed to the risk of anxious, depressive, and post-traumatic symptoms as the population is more susceptible to stress. COVID-19 pandemic has generated a situation like mass hysteria or fear. This mass fear of COVID-19, termed as “Coronaphobia”, has generated a plethora of psychiatric manifestations across societies. In India, the first and foremost responses to the pandemic have been fear and a sense of clear and imminent danger. Fears have ranged from those based on facts to unfounded fears based on misinformation circulating in the media, particularly social media. All of us respond differently to the barrage of information from all the available sources. It is equally important to consider the impact of the various phases of the pandemic on children, the elderly and pregnant women. The worries of adults can be transmitted to children and make them anxious and fearful. They can become very easily bored, angry and frustrated. Without an opportunity for outdoor play and socialization, they may become increasingly engrossed in social media and online entertainment, which can make them even more socially isolated when they emerge out of this situation. Parents need to know means of keeping the children engaged, providing an opportunity to learn new skills at home, as well as encourage children to participate in activities, get them engaged in “edutainment” and hone their extracurricular skills as well. Children with special needs may need innovative approaches to engage them and keep them active at home. For the elderly, they can feel further isolated and neglected, become more worried about their families, and increasingly worried about their health. They may not have the support systems to care for them, particularly in terms of their medical needs. This can aggravate into anxiety and depression.

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Books on the topic 'Neglected Infectious disease'

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