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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Negativi'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Biviano, Eleonora. "GERMI GRAM NEGATIVI MULTI RESISTENTI: pressione di selezione e pressione di colonizzazione." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424475.

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Introdution: Infections are one of the most important causes of morbility and mortality in the intensive care units all around the world. The indiscriminate use, often not appropriate, of the antibiotics, led to the development of the multidrug resistant species. In the last years there was a large spread of multidrug resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae Carbapenemase-producing (KPC), that, due to the small therapeutic option and therefore its rapid diffusion, it is becoming a serious health problem. Aim of the study: First aim of the study has been to understand if the KPC infection could be able to aggravate the outcome of the patients admitted in intensive care units. Second aim was to understand if in the intensive car units there are correct strategies of prevention, if it exists a peculiar type of patient more sensitive to the infection, and to understand the real efficacy of the antibiotic therapy used. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study that has included all the patients admitted to intensive care units, with at list one biological positive sample for KPC, from January 2013 to October 2015. General features of patients as well as data about comorbidity, trend of inflammation indexes, antibiotic therapy and mortality rate was recorded. Results: Of the 109 patient analyzed, 64% of cases came from surgical units. The simple positive in a swab of KPC does not cause increase in inflammatory markers, and the same we observed after infection confirmed by blood colture. Seventeen percent of the patients have 3 or more comorbidities and, of which, 60% died with a relative risk of death of 4,6. Twenty five percent of the patients had infection of KPC confirmed by blood culture, of which 54,5% died with a relative risk of death of 4,1. The association of three or more comorbidities and infection for KPC clinically documented increase the relative risk of death until 13,6. Conclusions: Among patients afferent to the intensive care unit, the most sensitive to the infection of KPC seem the patients from surgery unit. The only colonization by KPC does not seem to be able to worse the outcome, while the clinically documented infection confirmed by blood culture appears to increase the relative risk of death, even more if associated with a number of comorbidities greater than or equal to three. Presupposti dello studio: Le infezioni sono una delle principali cause di morbilità e mortalità nei reparti di terapia intensiva di tutto il mondo. L’abuso e l’uso spesso inappropriato degli antibiotici ha portato nel corso degli anni allo sviluppo di specie antibiotico-resistenti. Negli ultimi anni c’è stata grande diffusione della Klebsiella Pneumoniae produttrice di carbapenemasi (KPC) multiresistente agli antibiotici che, proprio per le ridotte opzioni terapeutiche e la rapida capacità di colonizzazione ed infezione, desta sempre maggiore preoccupazione. Scopo dello studio: Obiettivo primario del nostro studio è stato capire se l’infezione da KPC sia effettivamente in grado da sola di peggiorare l'outcome dei nostri pazienti fino a determinarne il decesso. Obiettivi secondari: valutare se nelle terapie intensive in esame vengono messe in atto le strategie di prevenzione raccomandate, indagare se esiste una tipologia di pazienti più suscettibili all'infezione, capire se la terapia antibiotica messa in atto sia realmente efficace. Materiali e metodi Studio osservazione prospettico che ha incluso tutti i pazienti che all'ingresso presso le unità di terapia intensiva prese in esame o durante il ricovero nelle stesse abbiano avuto almeno un campione biologico positivo per KPC, nel periodo di tempo da Gennaio 2013 a Ottobre 2015. Di questi pazienti sono state registrate variabili individuali, esami ematochimici, indicatori di flogosi e condotta terapeutica. E’ stato inoltre calcolato il rischio relativo di mortalità in base alla presenza di 3 o più comorbidità, in base all'infezione confermata all'emocoltura da KPC e il rischio relativo di morte delle due precedenti variabili aggregate. Risultati Dei 109 casi analizzati, il 64% dei pazienti erano provenienti da reparti chirurgici. In seguito al riscontro di positività per KPC al tampone, non si evidenzia un aumento significativo dei globuli bianchi né degli indici di flogosi nei nostri pazienti. Anche dopo lo sviluppo di una emocultura positiva per KPC, non è stato osservato un aumento significativo dei globuli bianchi né degli indici di flogosi. Quindici (17%) Pazienti presentavano 3 o più comorbidità, e di questi il 9 (60%) sono deceduti, con un rischio relativo di decesso di 4.6. Ventidue (25%) Pazienti hanno sviluppato un'emocoltura positiva per KPC, e di questi 12 (54.5%) sono deceduti, con un rischio relativo di decesso di 4.1. Nel caso di pazienti con comorbidità maggiori o uguali a 3 e emocoltura positiva il rischio relativo di decesso è 13.6. Conclusione/discussione Dei Pazienti che afferiscono alle terapie intensive, quelli più suscettibili di infezione da KPC sembrano essere quelli provenienti dai reparti chirurgici. La colonizzazione da sola non sembra in grado di peggiorare l’outcome mentre l’infezione clinicamente documentata da emocoltura positiva appare aumentare il rischio di decesso, tato più se associata a un numero di comorbidità maggiore o uguale a tre.

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amadei, Ilaria. "STUDIO DI NUOVI MATERIA I PER E ETTRODI NEGATIVI IN BATTERIE LITIO IONE." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917298.

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Tripolone, Mario <1997&gt. "Come le banche affrontano il problema della liquidità in tempi di tassi negativi." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21740.

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Dopo il “whatever it takes” dell’ex presidente della banca centrale europea Mario Draghi, le decisioni di politica monetaria hanno giocato, e continuano a giocare, un ruolo importante per risollevare l’economia dell’area dell’euro. È interessante sottolineare come negli ultimi dieci anni le decisioni di politica monetaria si sono contraddistinte per la loro entità, portando le banche centrali dei paesi più avanzati (es. FED, BCE) a ridurre i tassi di interesse di circa il 4% per far fronte alla crisi economica. Dal 2012 in poi le principali banche centrali hanno spostato i tassi di interesse per la prima volta in territorio negativo. In primo luogo si da una spiegazione generale della funzione della politica monetaria e sulle decisioni che sono state prese dopo la crisi del debito sovrano che ha investito l’area dell’euro tra il 2010 e il 2011. Maggiore attenzione viene data al NIRP (Negative Interest Rate Policy o Politica dei tassi di interesse negativi), decisione avvenuta nel 2014 da parte della Bce, e non solo, di portare per la prima volta i tassi di interesse di riferimento in territorio negativo. In quegli anni, la Bce ha ridotto cinque volte il tasso di interesse di riferimento portandolo dallo 0 al -0,10% del 06/2014 fino al -0,50% del 09/2019 (ancora oggi i tassi di interesse sui depositi o DPR sono fermi al -0,50%). Per assicurarsi che la decisione di politica monetaria del NIRP venisse trasmesse in maniera corretta all’economia reale, la Bce ha utilizzato come canale di trasmissione Il TLTRO (Targeted Longer-Term Re financing Operations). Se da un lato è importante individuare il meccanismo di trasmissione, dall’altro bisogna attenzionare i casi in cui tali meccanismi si inceppano. Il caso Fineco è un esempio concreto di quando vi è un problema nei canali di trasmissione. Qui si fa cenno all’ “intrappolamento” della liquidità che comporta un costo per le banche. In secondo luogo, viene trattato il tema del NIRP e le conseguenze che questo tipo di politica monetaria ha con il protrarsi nel tempo sia negli istituti di credito che nell’economia reale. Per dare una spiegazione del perché determinate decisioni di politica monetaria della Bce hanno effetti negativi sugli istituti di credito, è stato condotto un case study. Il case study ha come obiettivo quello di capire l’interazione che ha la decisione di politica monetaria (in questo caso il NIRP) sia sui rendimenti azionari del campione che sulla redditività. Altro obiettivo del case study è quello di studiare gli effetti del NIRP sulla quantità di liquidità degli istituti di credito coinvolti. Il campione su cui viene svolto il case study , è composto da trenta banche europee (principalmente Italiane). Viene fatta una descrizione dettagliata in merito all’andamento azionario delle singole banche e alle caratteristiche di ognuna di esse in termini di capitalizzazione. Di estrema importanza è il monitoraggio degli ultimi cinque anni della yield curve e soprattutto dell’andamento delle curve che sono state prese a riferimento per il case study, ovvero della yield curve a due anni, a dieci anni e il between tra due-dieci anni. La scelta delle curve non è stata casuale, avere una visione della curva dei tassi di interesse a breve, medio e lungo periodo ci permette di avere un’inquadratura completa sui tassi di interesse quotati dal mercato. Inoltre possiamo vedere che tipo di correlazione vi è tra i rendimenti azionari del campione e la variazione delle yield curve prese in riferimento. In terzo luogo è stata condotta, tramite il software STATA, una panel regression per capire l’interazione temporale tra LCR (liquidity coverage ratio) e NSFR (net stable funding ratio) con i rendimenti azionari. Tali indici mi indicano la disponibilità della banca a far fronte alle esigenze di liquidità di breve e di medio-lungo termine.

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Fiscon, Marta. "Validazione di un percorso diagnostico rapido per l'analisi del fenotipo di sensibilità dei batteri Gram negativi." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426658.

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The multidrug-resistant bacterial infections represent a global and complex problem because of the increase in their prevalence and the lack of new antibiotics. In this context, the antimicrobial stewardship programs are based on the collaboration between the infectious disease specialist and the microbiologist, which must merge their competencies to optimize antimicrobial therapy, implement surveillance and control the spread of MDR epidemic in health-care facilities. Moreover, they should create specific diagnostic procedures to obtain a prompt diagnosis of sepsis, with the species-identification of the pathogen and its sensitivity profile to antibiotics. Our research evaluated a new diagnostic approach for the early determination of the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility in Gram-negative bacteria. The first study aimed to validate an innovative rapid procedure for bacterial antibiogram in sepsis, which is 24 hours quicker than the traditional one. Nowadays indeed, the laboratory can use new technologies molecular biology techniques as a support in sepsis diagnostics; however, culture and microbroth diluition are still the gold standards in sepsis’ microbiological diagnosis. Unfortunately, they require a long time to be finalized, and this is more and more a severe limit since patients’ survival depends on a rapid and correct therapy start. Many authors studied new pathways of identification of resistances, but until now, nobody was able to establish a shared procedure based on evidence. For this reason, in the real-life laboratory, operational protocols are based on the responsibility and the expertise of the single professional. In our study, we included 145 strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, with different phenotypic profiles. They were analyzed with both the gold standard method and the rapid one, comparing the values of Minimal Inhibitory Concentration. The procedure included haemocolture’s bottles inoculum, spot streaking on an agar plate, 5 hours incubation at 37°C, and finally microbroth diluition test preparation (Sensititre® method). MIC data and their interpretation (susceptible, intermediate or resistant) were collected and compared to ones obtained with the gold standard test, and agreement index was calculated together with sensitivity, specificity and prediction parameters. The aggregate data analysis showed a good performance, regarding precision, the Categorical Agreement (97.9%), the Essential Agreement (99.1%), the sensitivity (96%) and specificity (99%). Furthermore, the errors related to the evaluation of both the single antibiotic and the total of the MIC resulted in being acceptable. However, we observed the presence of some significant Very Major and Major Errors concerning Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Piperacillin/Tazobactam e Fosfomycin: these results suggested us to exclude the three drugs from the new rapid susceptibility test, without precluding the utility in guiding the so called “first line therapy”. In the second study, we evaluated the application of mass spectrometry to the rapid detection of quinolones’ resistance, with particular attention to the expression of the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase variant AAC(6’)-Ib-cr. We included in the study 72 strains of E. coli, which were spot streaked on an agar plate, incubated for 5 hours at 37°C with norfloxacin disk and finally collected for the MALDI-TOF analysis. For the study, we used the Saramis® software, Vitek® MS (Biomerieux), which allows examining separately every single detected spectrum. In particular, we investigated the presence of spectra related to the native and the acetylated norfloxacin spectra (“indirect” method) and the AAC(6’)-Ib-cr spectra (“direct” method). In both the cases, the analysis did not show satisfactory results, regarding both agreements with the reference test and sensitivity/specificity. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the new rapid procedure for the bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility test has an acceptable agreement with the traditional one regarding the major part of the antibiotics that are used in practice as a first line therapy in sepsis. On the contrary, our method for the evaluation of quinolone with mass spectrometry did not show any clinical and microbiological viability. Further studies might be designed in this topic, but they should always consider the need to guarantee a precise and rapid result, together with a targeted diagnosis and care that never neglect expertise, caution, and clinical monitoring. Il problema delle infezioni da germi multiresistenti è complesso e di gravità sempre crescente, a causa dell’incremento della loro diffusione e del mancato sviluppo di nuove opzioni terapeutiche. Un’efficace soluzione è rappresentata dai programmi di antimicrobial stewardship, che prevedono una stretta collaborazione interdisciplinare allo scopo di ottimizzare la terapia antimicrobica, contenere le epidemie da germi multiresistenti e creare iter diagnostici mirati, specie nel caso delle infezioni invasive. L’attività di ricerca svolta ha avuto lo scopo di validare un percorso diagnostico innovativo per l’analisi rapida del fenotipo di sensibilità dei batteri Gram negativi. Ad oggi, infatti, nella diagnosi microbiologica di sepsi, l’antibiogramma secondo brodo-diluizione rappresenta ancora il gold-standard; tuttavia sussiste la necessità di fornire il risultato in tempi sempre più brevi, per consentire al clinico di perfezionare la terapia iniziata empiricamente. Per questo motivo, il limite dato dalle lunghe tempistiche attuali è sempre più gravoso, seppur le tecnologie attuali consentano di integrare nella routine di laboratorio metodi veloci ed efficaci, come le analisi in biologia molecolare. Vari autori hanno indagato nuovi percorsi di identificazione rapida del fenotipo di sensibilità, ma ad oggi non è ancora presente nessuno studio conclusivo e nessuna indicazione ufficialmente validata e riconosciuta per l’uso delle metodiche rapide di rilevazione delle resistenze nella real-life, lasciando alla responsabilità e all’esperienza del medico microbiologo l’adozione di protocolli operativi e la loro integrazione nel work-flow del laboratorio. Nel primo studio, pertanto, è stata validata una procedura innovativa di esecuzione dell’antibiogramma, in grado di anticiparne il risultato di circa 24 ore, grazie all’analisi dopo semina a spot, che permette di ottenere la rapida crescita di una patina batterica. Sono stati inclusi in questa analisi 145 ceppi di E. coli, K. pneumoniae e P. aeruginosa, con differenti profili di sensibilità, che sono stati analizzati sia secondo il metodo di riferimento che secondo il metodo rapido per la determinazione della MIC. Nel complesso, i dati ottenuti hanno evidenziato una performance soddisfacente, per quanto riguarda la ripetibilità, la concordanza tra le due metodiche, la sensibilità e la specificità. Anche gli errori rilevati, analizzando i singoli antibiotici e il totale delle MIC complessivamente determinate, sono risultati entro il limite di accettabilità del metodo; tuttavia, sono state osservate alcune criticità, soprattutto riguardo all’attendibilità dei risultati per Ampicillina/Sulbactam, Piperacillina/Tazobactam e Fosfomicina, che potrebbero essere escluse dalla refertazione dell’antibiogramma “rapido” senza precluderne l’utilità per l’aggiustamento della prima linea terapeutica. Il secondo studio, invece, ha valutato l’applicazione della spettrometria di massa alla rilevazione rapida della resistenza ai fluorchinoloni, con particolare attenzione all’espressione della variante della aminoacetiltrasferasi AAC(6’)-Ib-cr. A tale scopo, sono stati inclusi nella ricerca 72 ceppi di Escherichia coli, seminati a spot su piastre di agar sangue, incubati per 5 ore con disco di norfloxacina ed infine raccolti per l’analisi dello spettro proteico tramite MALDI-TOF. Per lo studio è stato utilizzato il software Saramis™ dello strumento Vitek-MS® (BioMerieux), che ha consentito l’analisi scorporata dei singoli spettri rilevati. In particolare, sono stati ricercati gli spettri corrispondenti alle forme di norfloxacina native e acetilate (metodo “indiretto”) e il picco corrispondente all’enzima aac(6’)-Ib-cr (metodo “diretto”). In entrambi i casi, la valutazione non ha dato risultati soddisfacenti, sia in termini di concordanza con il metodo tradizionale, che di specificità e sensibilità. In conclusione, il percorso diagnostico rapido per la determinazione della MIC è risultato valido in termini di riproducibilità e affidabilità e può essere applicato, seppur con alcune riserve, nella diagnosi microbiologica di sepsi. Al contrario, la rilevazione della resistenza ai chinoloni tramite spettrometria di massa con il metodo indagato non ha dimostrato alcuna applicabilità nella pratica clinica. Ulteriori approfondimenti potranno essere presi in considerazione, tenendo sempre conto della necessità di garantire un risultato rapido e preciso, che non tralasci la centralità di una diagnosi e cura sempre guidate da expertise, prudenza e monitoraggio clinico.

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Raneri, Manuel. "Un algoritmo per la determinazione di modelli di processo DCR a partire da esempi positivi e negativi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24082/.

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I linguaggi imperativi determinano i modelli di processo specificando il flusso di controllo che si vuole avere al loro interno. La natura dinamica dei processi aziendali, però, rende difficile il mapping di tali azioni in diagrammi di flusso imperativi, generando modelli complessi e di difficile lettura. I modelli dichiarativi, al contrario, si concentrano sulla specifica di ciò che dovrebbe essere soddisfatto, offrendo, all’interno del processo, tutti i comportamenti possibili e usando i vincoli per eliminare il comportamento non desiderato, in modo da ottenere modelli più semplici e di facile comprensione. Il controllo e il monitoraggio di tali processi è realizzato dal Process Mining. Quest’ultimo consente di generare un modello di processo, semplicemente, analizzando le attività che sono contenute nei log di eventi (Discovery), confrontare un log recente con un modello esistente (Conformance Checking) o migliorare il modello di processo utilizzando le informazioni estratte dal log (Enhancement). La maggior parte degli algoritmi di discovery esistenti utilizzano log costituiti da tracce positive, tuttavia, non discriminano i comportamenti desiderati da quelli indesiderati. In questo lavoro viene presentato un algoritmo di discovery, ispirato a quello presentato da Mooney nel 1995, che sfrutta sequenze di azioni sia positive che negative in modo da ottenere un modello che si avvicini maggiormente alla realtà. L’algoritmo restituisce un modello di processo dichiarativo e presenta due diverse versioni, una che ritorna una formula logica costituita da disgiunzioni di congiunzioni (OR di AND) e l’altra che restituisce una formula logica costituita da congiunzioni di disgiunzioni (AND di OR).

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Branchini, Rachele <1986&gt. "Negativi di memoria. La rappresentazione del trauma nel romanzo del Novecento. Samuel Beckett, Georges Perec, Agota Kristof." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6894/1/branchini_rachele_tesi.pdf.

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Oggetto di questa tesi è l’analisi delle modalità di rappresentazione del trauma nel romanzo del Novecento e, in particolare, nelle opere di Samuel Beckett, Georges Perec e Agota Kristof. Fondamento dello studio sarà una disamina dei procedimenti linguistici e narrativi di rappresentazione del trauma nelle prose degli autori citati, al fine tracciare le linee di un’estetica in grado di descrivere le caratteristiche peculiari delle narrazioni in cui la dimensione antinarrativa della memoria traumatica assume il ruolo di principio estetico guida. L’analisi si soffermerà sulla cruciale relazione esistente, in tutti e tre gli autori, tra rappresentazione del trauma e sviluppo di strategie narrativi definibili come “denegative”. L’analisi dei testi letterari è condotta sulla base del corpus critico dei Trauma Studies, dell’ermeneutica della narrazione di stampo ricœuriano e della teoria del linguaggio psicoanalitica e affiancata, ove possibile, da uno studio filologico-genetico dei materiali d’autore. Alla luce di tali premesse, intendo rivalutare il carattere rappresentativo e testimoniale della letteratura del secolo scorso, in contrasto con la consuetudine a vedere nel romanzo novecentesco il trionfo dell’antimimesi e il declino del racconto. Dal momento che le narrazioni traumatiche si costruiscono intorno e attraverso i vuoti di linguaggio, la tesi è che siano proprio questi vuoti linguistici e narrativi (amnesie, acronie, afasie, lapsus, omissioni e mancanze ancora più sofisticate come nel caso di Perec) a rappresentare, in modo mimetico, la realtà apparentemente inaccessibile del trauma. Si tenterà di dimostrare come questi nuovi canoni di rappresentazione non denuncino l’impossibilità del racconto, bensì una sfida al silenzio, celata in più sottili e complesse convenzioni narrative, le quali mantengono un rapporto di filiazione indiretto − per una via che potremmo definire denegativa − con quelle del romanzo tradizionale. The aim of this research is the analysis of the forms of representation of trauma in 20th century novel, in particular in the work of Samuel Beckett, Georges Perec and Agota Kristof. The core of the analysis is the examination of the linguistic and narrative processes of representation of trauma in the proses of the aforementioned authors, in order to define aesthetical categories able to describe the particular features of narratives whose leading aesthetic principle is the anti-narrative dimension of the traumatic memory. The analysis will dwell on the crucial relationship – vital in all three authors – between representation of trauma and development of narrative strategies that can be defined as ‘denegative’. The theoretical bases for the analysis of the literary texts are the anti-narrative theories of the traumatic memory, along with Ricœur’s hermeneutics of narrative and the Psychoanalytical theory of language. Where possible, this is paralleled by a philological and genetic study of authorial manuscripts. In contrast with the prevailing view that, in 20th century novel, sees the triumph of anti-mimesis and the decline of the story, I seek to reassess the representative and testimonial character of 20th century literature. Since traumatic narratives are built by and hinge on gaps of language, my contention is that these gaps of language (amnesia, achrony, aphasia, Freudian slips, omissions and more articulated losses, as in Perec’s case) do in fact represent, mimetically, the apparently inaccessible reality of trauma. These new canons of representation do not state the impossibility of narrative; on the contrary they represent a challenge to silence, an attempt hidden in sharper and more complicated narrative conventions that keep a relationship of indirect origin with the conventions of the traditional novel – in a way that one could call ‘denegative’.

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Prignano, Stefano <1993&gt. "Paradigmi e contrario in Senofonte. Studio dei personaggi negativi attraverso le strategie narrative e le scelte stilistiche." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10367/1/PRIGNANO_STEFANO_TESI.pdf.

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La presente indagine di ricerca si concentra sulle opere storiografiche di Senofonte, focalizzandosi in modo particolare su quelle figure minori presenti in esse, che mostrano caratteristiche o comportamenti tali da renderle indegne del ruolo di governo che occupano. Da tempo, infatti, la critica si è focalizzata nell’individuare e analizzare quei personaggi che rappresentano il perfetto modello di leadership descritto da Senofonte e offerto all’imitazione del suo pubblico. Tuttavia, ben poco si è detto riguardo le figure opposte, quei paradigmi e contrario, destinati non tanto ad essere imitati, ma utili, piuttosto, a rappresentare gli errori che un lettore deve evitare e a far risaltare ancor di più i modelli di leadership illuminata e capace che sono il reale focus dell’attenzione di Senofonte in diverse opere. Se, infatti, è evidente la volontà e le caratteristiche paideutiche del corpus senofonteo, destinato ad insegnare le qualità, politiche ma ancor di più morali, necessarie per ricoprire un ruolo di governo e guida; sembrerebbe logico ipotizzare che questo fine didattico delle opere di Senofonte possa trovare realizzazione anche nelle figure negative, il cui ruolo è sottolineato ed evidenziato dall’autore attraverso strategie letterarie sempre nuove. The present research investigation concentrates on Xenophon's historiographical works, focusing in particular on those minor figures in them who display characteristics or behaviour that render them unworthy of the governing role they occupy. Critics have long focused on identifying and analysing those characters who represent the perfect model of leadership described by Xenophon and offered for imitation by his audience. However, very little has been said about the opposite figures, those paradigms and opposites, destined not so much to be imitated, but rather useful in representing the mistakes that a reader must avoid and to bring out even more the models of enlightened and capable leadership that are the real focus of Xenophon's attention in various works. If, in fact, the paideutic intention and characteristics of the Senofonte corpus is evident, intended to teach the qualities, political but even more so moral, necessary to hold a role of government and leadership; it would seem logical to assume that this didactic purpose of Xenophon's works can also be realised in the negative figures, whose role is emphasised and highlighted by the author through ever new literary strategies.

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Pasqualetti, Cristina <1989&gt. "Data Envelopment Analysis con dati negativi e valutazione della performance dei fondi comuni nei periodi di crisi." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4267.

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Il lavoro di questa tesi riguarda la valutazione dei fondi comuni di investimento nei periodi di crisi. Alcune delle principali misure di perfomance presentano dei problemi di interpretazione quando utilizzate nei periodi in cui il mercato si trova in un a fase negativa, o ne ha appena passata una. In questa tesi vengono presentati alcuni aggiustamenti da applicare a tali misure al fine di poterne usufruire anche nei periodi di crisi. Viene inoltre presentata la metodologia Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) e sono descritte alcune soluzioni che consentono l’uso di tale metodologia, anche in presenza di dati negativi. In fine la DEA viene applicata nella valutazione della performance dei fondi comuni di investimento.

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Magrin, Elisa. "Fosfo-tirosin-fosfatasi (PTPs): trasduttori positivi e negativi delle vie del segnale mediate da recettori di membrana." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422177.

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The tyrosine phosphorylation in eukaryotic proteins is a key event for transducing enviromental cues into cellular responses ranging from cell-to-cell communication to proliferation, differentiation, cell death and survival. This mechanism of signal transduction is mediated by the opposing and concerted action of Protein Tyrosin Kinases (PTKs), which add phosphoryl groups to target proteins, and Protein Tyrosin Phosphatases (PTPs), which remove them; both classes of enzymes can take part in activatory and inhibitory signalling processes. Tyrosin phosphorylation calls also into action the Src-homology 2 domain (SH2), which is contained in a myriad of proteins with varied functions and that directs protein-protein interaction by “sensing” the phosphorylated state of tyrosine residues, taking part in the modulation of signal transduction. This three-part system has recently been baptized as the “writer “ (PTK), “eraser” (PTP) and “reader” (SH2) tollkit, emphasizing how the combination and dynamic interplay of the elements can generate diverse and complex regulatory outputs. The aim of this work was to determine how the tyrosine phosphorylation is involved in the cellular response to extracellular signals; we investigated the events which trigger an altered pathway in diseases, mainly the role of non-receptor PTPs in three different pathological conditions. In Polycytemia Vera (PV) and Essential Thrombocythemia (ET), which are Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative disorders (Ph-MPDs), our results demonstrate that in resting platelets the dephosphorylation of the Src-Tyr527 is due the SHP-2 constitutive activity, a non-receptor PTPs, leading to the Src preactivation. The anomalous activation of the kinase is implicated in the hypersensivity of Ph-MPDs and likely involved in the functional abnormalities of PV and ET platelets. In Heparin-Induced-Thrombocytopenia (HIT), immunological reaction that lead to the activation of FcγRIIA in platelets, we have not identified any correlation between the polymorphisms of receptor and HIT, but our results demonstrate that the phosphorylation of FcγRIIA-ITAM motif is due the type of ligand and that influences the responses in the platelets. We stimulated normal platelets with either IV.3, functional blocking antibody against FcγRIIA, or complexes of IgG molecules, and we have not highlighted phosphorylation of the ITAM or aggregation, but we observed a mildly shape change. Interestingly, the pre-incubation of the platelets with PTP-1B, the largest PTPs in platelets, in association with IV.3 and IgG as agonists, leads to phosphorylation of the ITAM and to aggregation. This mechanism may be involved in the clearance of IgG-containing complexes from the circulation by platelets. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-induced proliferation in epatic stellate cells (HSCs), primary effector cells in liver fibrosis, is mediated by the PTPs SHP-2 and SHP-1: SHP-2 acts as positive regulator of PDGF-dependent signalling, whereas SHP-1 is a negative regulator and lead to the dephosphorylation of the PDGF-receptor. An altered activity and/or expression of these two PTPs causes an inhibited cell proliferation of HSCs, thus they may be a target for new antifibrotic therapies for patients with liver fibrosis. The three pathological models analyzed in this work highlight the key role of PTPs in signalling pathways; they are not to be trivially dismissed as negative regulators because they can organize cellular responses to different stimulations. Furher studies on PTPs-induced signalling regulation may identify new pharmacological therapies La fosforilazione tirosinica di proteine degli organismi eucarioti è il meccanismo chiave di trasduzione del segnale indotto da stimoli ambientali a livello cellulare, e si esplica in eventi di proliferazione, differenziazione, morte cellulare e sopravvivenza. Questo processo è mediato dall’azione concertata di protein tirosin chinasi (PTKs), che trasferiscono un gruppo fosfato alle proteine bersaglio, e protein tirosin fosfatasi (PTPs), che lo rimuovono; entrambe le classi di questi enzimi possono prender parte ad eventi attivatori e inibitori del signalling. La fosforilazione in tirosina determina il coinvolgimento anche del dominio SH2 (Src-homology 2 domain), presente in numerose proteine con svariate funzioni, che coordina l’interazione proteina-proteina proprio grazie ai residui tirosinici fosforilati, prendendo quindi parte alla modulazione del segnale di trasduzione. Il sistema formato da PTKs, PTPs e dominio SH2 è noto come “writer” (PTK), “eraser” (PTP) e “reader”(SH2) tollkit, denominazione che vuole sottolineare come la relazione e la combinazione di questi tre elementi riesca a determinare una fine e complessa regolazione a livello di signalling. Questo lavoro di tesi intende esaminare il coinvolgimento della fosforilazione tirosinica nel mediare le risposte cellulari a diversi stimoli extracellulari e valutare quali sono i fattori responsabili della sua alterazione in determinate situazioni patologiche ed in particolare il ruolo delle PTPs non recettoriali in tre specifiche patologie. In Policitemia Vera (PV) e Trombocitemia Essenziale (ET), disordini mieloproliferativi Philadelphia-negative (Ph-MPDs), i nostri dati dimostrano che la mancata fosforilazione del sito inibitorio, Y527, della tirosin chinasi Src in piastrine non stimolate è dovuto alla costitutiva attivazione di SHP-2, una PTP non recettoriale, determinando una forma pre-attivata di Src. Questa forma di Src è implicata nella ipersensibilizzazione piastrinica ed è responsabile, almeno parzialmente, delle funzionalità anormali delle piastrine di PV e ET. Nella Trombocitopenia Indotta da Eparina (HIT), reazione autoimmune che porta all’attivazione del recettore FcγRIIA piastrinico, pur non avendo evidenziato una correlazione tra il polimorfismo del recettore e HIT, noi abbiamo indagato il diverso stato di fosforilazione della sequenza ITAM di FcγRIIA e conseguente risposta piastrinica in relazione al tipo di ligando. Stimolando infatti le piastrine di donatori con l’anticorpo monoclonale IV.3, noto per essere un inibitore di FcγRIIA, e con delle IgG complessate, non abbiamo evidenziato fosforilazione dell’ITAM del recettore nè aggregazione, anche se le piastrine vanno incontro ad un cambiamento di forma. In presenza però dell’inibitore di PTP1B, la fosfatasi più abbondante in questo tipo di cellule, gli stessi stimoli portano alla fosforilazione di ITAM e le piastrine vanno incontro ad aggregazione. Questo meccanismo potrebbe essere implicato nel ruolo svolto dalle piastrine nella clereance dei complessi contenenti IgG presenti in circolo. Infine noi abbiamo dimostrato per la prima volta che la risposta proliferativa dopo stimolazione di PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) delle cellule stellate epatiche (HSCs), principali cellule coinvolte nella fibrosi epatica, è mediata dalle fosfatasi SHP-2 e SHP-1: SHP-2 partecipa come trasduttore positivo del segnale mediato da PDGF, mentre SHP-1 ha effetto negativo sul segnale mediato da PDGF catalizzando la defosforilazione del recettore di PDGF. L’alterazione della loro attività e/o espressione porta ad una inibizione della proliferazione cellulare di HSCs, perciò entrambe le fosfatasi si propongono come possibili bersagli di potenziali farmaci antifibrotici. In tutti i modelli patologici studiati, è chiaro che le PTPs rivestono un ruolo fondamentale nel signaling cellulare; la loro presenza non solo non ha significato esclusivamente negativo ma è necessaria per organizzare la risposta a diversi tipi di stimolo. Lo studio della regolazione del signaling indotto dalle PTPs potrebbe quindi aprire strade alternative per individuare nuove terapie farmacologiche

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GIANNONE, Antonino Giulio. "I CARCINOMI TRIPLO-NEGATIVI DELLA MAMMELLA: caratterizzazione morfologica e immunoistochimica della stromatogenesi tumorale, del contesto immunologico e studio dell’espressione del recettore androgenico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/498935.

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Brunello, Laura <1989&gt. "Caratterizzazione di negativi fotografici d’Archivio mediante tecniche analitiche non invasive e sperimentazione di tecniche di pulitura mediante plasma atmosferico." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11469.

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Il deterioramento dei materiali fotografici è un processo inevitabile, tuttavia una corretta metodologia di archiviazione e conservazione può rallentare tale processo. Oltre a un’operazione di digitalizzazione del materiale fotografico, diventa necessaria una ricerca scientifica dei processi di degrado di tali materiali e la ricerca di nuove tecnologie per restaurarli. In questa ricerca ci siamo concentrati sulla caratterizzazione analitica di negativi fotografici: in particolare di pellicole fotografiche e lastre di vetro risalenti alla seconda metà del ‘900. Utilizzando per tale fine la microscopia ottica, osservazioni in luce visibile e UV, spettroscopia ATR, microscopia elettronica SEM-EDX. In seguito, dati i recenti sviluppi nell’impiego di plasma atmosferico per il restauro di positivi fotografici, si è tentato di impiegarlo per pulire la superficie dei negativi studiati. L’effetto di tale trattamento sulla superficie dei negativi è stato indagato con le tecniche non invasive su descritte, di modo da analizzare gli eventuali cambiamenti chimico-fisici apportati.

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Pistelli, Mirco. "Espressione di p-mTOR e del recettore degli androgeni nei tumori mammari triplo negativi: significato clinico e potenziali prospettive terapeutiche." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242999.

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Background: I carcinomi mammari triplo negativi (TNBC) presentano un comportamento clinico aggressivo dovuto anche alla mancanza di terapie target. La recente identificazione di un sottotipo molecolare correlato con l’attivazione del recettore degli androgeni (AR), ha suscitato interesse nel mondo scientifico per il possibile impiego di terapie anti-androgeniche in questo sottogruppo di neoplasie mammarie. Evidenze pre-cliniche evidenziano inoltre un’iperattivazione della via di segnale mediata da mTOR nei TNBC AR+. Il nostro studio ha voluto valutare l’incidenza di positività di AR e della forma attiva di mTOR (p-mTOR) su 180 TNBC, valutandone la correlazione con le caratteristiche cliniche, patologiche e molecolari, nonché il loro significato prognostico. Pazienti e metodi: La nostra analisi è stata condotta su 180 pazienti con diagnosi di TNBC stadio I-III afferite c/o la Clinica di Oncologia degli Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona tra gennaio 2009 e dicembre 2015. Risultati: AR è risultato espresso nel 24,4% dei casi e non ha mostrato una correlazione prognostica con la sopravvivenza globale (p=0.26) e libera da malattia (p=0.30). L’espressione di AR è risultata più frequentemente associata alla presenza di metastasi ai linfonodi ascellari (p=0.05) e di invasione vascolare (p=0.04). Analogamente i dati preliminari su 98 pazienti non hanno evidenziato un ruolo prognostico di p-mTOR, che è tuttavia risultato significativamente più espresso nei TNBC di piccole dimensioni (p=0.03) con AR-positivi (p=0.04). Conclusioni: AR non sembra avere un significato prognostico nei TNBC. I risultati preliminari su p-mTOR non mostrano un’associazione con la prognosi delle pazienti; tuttavia la presenza di una correlazione significativa tra l’attivazione di mTOR e AR potrebbe rappresentare il presupposto terapeutico per l’utilizzo di farmaci che inducono una doppia inibizione sia su AR che su mTOR con un sinergico effetto anti-proliferativo sulle cellule tumorali. Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by aggressive tumour biology resulting in a poor prognosis. Androgen receptor (AR) is one of newly emerging biomarker in TNBC. Besides emerging preclinical evidence suggested that TNBC cells seem particularly sensitive to mTOR inhibitors, especially the androgen receptor-positive (AR+) TNBC cell lines. In the present study, we explored the correlation of AR and p-mTOR (the activate form of mTOR) expressions with clinical, pathological and molecular features and their impact on prognosis in early TNBC. Patients and Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2015, all consecutive patients who were diagnosed and completed the treatment of invasive early TNBC at our institution were eligible for this analysis. Results: 180 TNBC patients were included in the analysis. 24.4% of them were AR+. Expression of AR+ was significantly associated with lympho-vascular invasion (p=0.04) and metastases of axillary nodes (p=0.05). Univariate survival analysis revealed that AR expression was not associated with disease-free survival (p=0.30) or overall survival (p=0.26). Of 98 patients, 32.6% of cases were p-mTOR positive. Univariate survival analysis revealed that p-mTOR positivity was not associated with DFS (p=0.74) and OS (p=0.95). p-mTOR positivity was associated with small tumor size (p=0.03) and AR expression (p=0.04). Conclusions: The expression of AR is associated with some biological features of TNBC, such as lympho-vascular invasion and metastasis of axillary nodes; nevertheless the prognostic significance of AR was not documented in our analysis. Of interest, our preliminary results showed the strong correlation between p-mTOR immunostaining and AR positivity, suggesting that may exist a subgroup of TNBC in which the combination of both AR antagonism and mTOR inhibition should have a synergistic effect on cell growth and tumour progression.

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Tinari, Maria. "PETRONIO MARIA CALDANI Della proporzione bernoulliana fra il diametro, e la circonferenza del circolo e dei logaritmi." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23868/.

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Lo scopo di questo elaborato è quello di analizzare "Della proporzione bernoulliana fra il diametro, e la circonferenza del circolo e dei logaritmi", opera del 1782 del matematico bolognese Petronio Maria Caldani. E' ricostruita la biografia dell'autore, docente di geometria analitica dell'Università di Bologna e segretario dell'ambasciata bolognese a Roma. Diversi sono i riferimenti alle corrispondenze epistolari tra il matematico e illustri studiosi dell'epoca, tra cui ricordiamo Giambattista Guglielmini, Lodovico Preti, Sebastiano Canterzani e Giordano Riccati. E' poi presentata la disputa sui logaritmi dei numeri negativi, nella quale si inserisce l'opera di Caldani. Tale disputa ebbe origine nel 1712 con una lettera di Leibniz a J. Bernoulli e caratterizzò tutto il Settecento. Dopo aver descritto il procedimento per ricavare la proporzione bernoulliana, è analizzata l'opera di Caldani ed è presentata la questione sulle relazioni tra lo zero reale e quello immaginario. In particolare, sono analizzate le opinioni di Giordano Riccati e Gregorio Fontana. Infine, è dedicata una sezione alla memoria "Al signor N.N. dubbj di P.M.C. sopra le riflessioni analitiche del signor abate Gioacchino Pessuti", pubblicata in forma anonima da Caldani, nelle quale sono presenti alcune idee alla base di "Della proporzione bernoulliana".

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Prialé, Prialé Graciela. "Factores asociados a Apendicectomías Negativas en una clínica privada en Lima-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/620991.

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Objetivo: Una tasa de apendicectomía negativa (AN) entre 10-15% es considerada aceptable. Sin embargo, a nivel internacional el rango va entre 2-9%. El presente estudio busca identificar la TAN y los factores asociados a esta. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todas las apendicectomías realizadas entre los años 2012 y 2013 en una clínica privada de Lima-Perú. Se revisó las historias clínicas de pacientes apendicectomizados que contaron con historia clínica de emergencia e informe quirúrgico. Se excluyó a aquellos que no contaban con informe anatomopatológico del apéndice. Se calculó los OR ajustados con un modelo de regresión logística para identificar los factores asociados con AN. Resultados: Se realizaron 376 apendicectomías durante el periodo 2012-2013. Se excluyeron 13 casos por no contar con registro de historia clínica. La población femenina fue de 55,9%. La media de edad del paciente fue 33,4 años ± 17,6. En 28 de 363 pacientes (7,7%) se registró una AN. Se encontró que el dolor en flanco derecho (OR: 5,44 P=0,013), Mc Burney negativo (OR: 3,63 P=0,017), dolor en hipogastrio (OR: 3,05 P=0,030),) y no leucocitosis (OR: 2,85 P=0,015) son factores asociados a una AN. Las patologías más frecuentemente implicadas en el caso de una AN fueron las de causa ginecológica (53,6%) seguida de enfermedad diverticular complicada (14,3%). Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos indican que la presencia de dolor en hipogastrio, dolor en flanco derecho, Mc Burney negativo y no leucocitosis son factores diagnósticos que se pueden tener en cuenta para prevenir apendicectomías negativas. Background: A negative appendectomy rate (NAR) between 10-15% is considered acceptable. Nevertheless, internationally the range is between 2-9%. This study seeks to find factors associated with a negative appendectomy (NA) and the NAR. Methods: Retrospective study of all appendectomies performed between 2012 and 2013 at a private hospital of Lima-Perú. We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent appendectomy and had a medical report of emergency. We excluded the ones whithout pathology reports. Adjusted ORs were calculated with a logistic regression model to identify factors associated with AN. Results: Three hundred seventy-six appendectomies were performed for suspected appendicitis 55.9% in women). The average patient age was 33.4 ± 17.6 years. A NA was found in 28 of 363 patients (7,7%). We found that pain in right flank (OR: 5,44 P=0,013), negative Mc Burney (OR: 3,63 P=0,017), pain in hypogastrium (OR: 3,05 P=0,030),) and no leucocitosis (OR: 2,85 P=0,015) were associated factors to AN. Gynecologic conditions (53,6%) and intestinal diseases (14.3%) are the most common to be misdiagnosed as appendiceal disease. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that the presence of pain in the right flank, negative Mc Burney, pain in hypogastrium and no leukocytosis are diagnostic factors that can be taken into account to prevent negative appendectomy.

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Bergman, Marie, and Karin Ekstrand. "Tankens makt - Påverkar abstrakt respektive konkret tänkande affekt efter en positiv händelse? En experimentell studie i en studentpopulation." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38193.

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Dugdale, Antony L. (Antony Lee). "Silent prayers : Derridean negativity and negative theology." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69603.

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Jacques Derrida's lecture entitled "How to Avoid Speaking: Denials", given in Jerusalem in 1986, responds both to those who subsume his project within negative theology and to those that ignore their interrelation. The former fail to see that while negative theology is oriented towards ineffable union with the divine, deconstruction radically denies the possibility of this union. The latter, however, read negative theology solely in the context of this ineffable union, ignoring the possibility of a second apophatic language whose critique of language is itself so radical that it engages in a paradoxcical self-critique that denies, if not union itself, at least the possibility of speaking about union. This second, concurrent language has a distinct family resemblance to Derrida's own deconstructive project, for it embraces the radically negative denials of differance. This study will first present a critique of those who offer either an affirmative or negative answer to the question "Is deconstruction a form of negative theology?", arguing instead that Derrida denies all answers. Its final step will analyze the similarities between negative theology's escape from the silence of pure denial--prayer--and Derrida's own means of escaping the silence summoned when he asks: "How to avoid speaking?"

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Hartmann, Zee. "Negative dramaturgies and the development of productive negation." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31644.

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The content of this dissertation is a cognitive map of divergent methodologies that contributed to the creation of a practice based on physical and conceptual, academic and non-academic, modes of knowledge-making and knowledge-gathering. I will show how the act of negating, whether verbally or through conceptual strategies, elucidates the untapped potential of dance- or theatre-making processes. Weaving together a collection of ideas by academics, thinkers and makers from a variety of disciplines, together with the design of my own negative dramaturgy (which I have preliminarily coined here as Productive Negation), I aim to bring the omniscient negativity of dramaturgy into focus as a mobilizing, dynamic strategy for invention. The act of negation embodies a powerful force of conviction that clarifies muddled subjectivity popular in art criticism today, and yet it leaves enough room for focused investigation. This can be seen in the proposed four-step working model of Productive Negation based on Liz Lerman’s Critical Response Process. Far from being an in-depth discourse on theories of negation, Productive Negation is a methodology that attempts to marry theoretical and practical applications through the interpretive voice of the dramaturg in a collaborative environment.

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TAMENI, ANNALISA. "L'asse lncRNA BlackMamba-DNA elicasi HELLS guida la proliferazione delle cellule ALK-ALCL coordinando un complesso programma oncogenico trascrizionale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1278605.

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Nonostante siano stati fatti grandi progressi nella scoperta delle alterazioni genomiche, i meccanismi molecolari alla base della trasformazione del sottotipo di linfoma T anaplastico a grandi cellule ALK- sono stati chiariti solo in parte. Al fine di identificare nuovi driver molecolari in grado di promuovere la progressione dei linfomi anaplastici a grandi cellule (ALCL), è stato messo a punto un RNA-sequencing che ci ha permesso di scoprire 1208 nuovi long noncoding intergenici, includendo tra questi 18 long noncoding principalmente espressi negli ALCL. Per studi molecolari e funzionali la nostra attenzione si è concentrata su un nuovo long noncoding, BlackMamba, che è overespresso solo nei pazienti ALK-. Esperimenti di silenziamento genico hanno dimostrato come BlackMamba regoli la crescita, la formazione di colonie e la morfologia delle cellule ALK- . Dal punto di vista meccanicistico, BlackMamba interagisce fisicamente con l’elicasi HELLS controllando la sua espressione genica ed il suo reclutamento alle regioni promotoriali/regolatorie dei geni coinvolti nel controllo dell’organizzazione del citoscheletro e del processo di citocinesi. Siccome le DNA elicasi si comportano anche come fattori di rimodellamento della cromatina e stanno emergendo come nuove vulnerabilità di diversi setting tumorali, abbiamo valutato nel dettaglio la funzione di HELLS utilizzando una strategia che accoppia l’RNA sequencing all’utilizzo di tool di predizione bioinformatica per identificare i target e cooperatori trascrizionali di HELLS. Abbiamo dimostrato che HELLS insieme al fattore trascrizionale YY1, contribuisce ad un corretto processo di citocinesi attraverso la regolazione trascrizionale dei geni coinvolti nella regolazione della struttura e funzione del solco di scissione delle cellule in divisione. Legandosi ai promotori dei geni target, HELLS innesca il reclutamento di YY1 e l’ attivazione trascrizionale dei geni coinvolti nell’organizzazione citoscheletrica come le RhO GTPasi RhoA, RhoU e il loro effettore PAK2. Esperimenti di silenziamento singolo e combinato di questi geni, mettono in evidenza come RhoA e RhoU mediano gli effetti di HELLS sulla proliferazione e divisione delle cellule ALK-. Nel complesso, il nostro lavoro dimostra il ruolo chiave di HELLS nel dirigere un complesso programma trascrizionale che sostiene la proliferazione e la progressione delle cellule ALK-, contribuendo in questo modo alla patogenesi dei linfomi anaplastici ALK-. Although important steps forward have been made in the discovery of genomic alterations, the molecular mechanisms leading to the transformation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase negative (ALK−) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have been only in part elucidated. To identify new culprits which promote and drive ALCL, we performed a total transcriptome sequencing and discovered 1208 previously unknown intergenic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including 18 lncRNAs preferentially expressed in ALCL. We selected for molecular and functional studies an unknown lncRNA, BlackMamba, which is overexpressed only in ALK− ALCL patients. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that BlackMamba regulates cell growth and cell morphology of ALK−ALCL cells. Mechanistically, BlackMamba interacts with the DNA helicase HELLS controlling its expression and its recruitment to the promoter regions of cytoskeleton and cytokinesis-related genes, fostering their expression. Since the DNA-helicase HELLS acts also as chromatin modifiers and they are emerging as new vulnerabilities of different cancer settings, we assessed in detail its function by performing RNA-sequencing profiling coupled with bioinformatic prediction to identify HELLS targets and transcriptional cooperators. We demonstrated that HELLS, together with the transcription factor YY1, contributes to an appropriate cytokinesis via the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in cleavage furrow structure and regulation. Binding target promoters, HELLS primes YY1 recruitment and transcriptional activation of cytoskeleton genes including the small GTPases RhoA and RhoU and their effector kinase Pak2. Single or multiple knockdowns of these genes reveal that RhoA and RhoU mediate HELLS effects on cell proliferation and cell division of ALK−ALCLs. Collectively, our work demonstrates the key role of HELLS in orchestrating a complex transcriptional program sustaining ALK−ALCL proliferation and progression, contributing to ALK-ALCL pathogenesis.

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Torrego, Solana Noelia. "Obtenció i caracterització de mutants PHA-negatius en soques de “Pseudomonas” per la producció de compostos d'interès industrial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31978.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 i P. aeruginosa 42A2, van ser aïllats a partir sols i aigües, respectivament, contaminades amb residus oliosos. Ambdues soques van ser seleccionades per la seva capacitat per sintetitzar compostos hidrofòbics, com polihidroxialcanoats (PHAs), ramnolípids (Rhls), o estòlids. Els PHAs són polièsters biodegradables i biocompatibles de gran interès biotecnològic per ser una bona alternativa als plàstics petroquímics. A més de produir PHAs, P. aeruginosa 47T2 és capaç de produir Rhls, compostos glicolípids coneguts com surfactants microbians que presenten activitats antimicrobiona i/o antifúngica. En canvi, P. aeruginosa 42A2 no produeix Rhls, però si és capaç de convertir els olis residuals en mono-, di- o tri-hidroxi àcids grassos i més tard polimeritzar-los en estòlids. Els estòlids són biopoliesters són coneguts per ser bons emulsificadors amb interessants aplicacions industrials. Donades les diferències metabòliques a nivell lipídic detectades entre ambdues soques, s’ha estudiat el seu sistema lipolític comparant-lo amb la soca tipus Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. Assajos SDS-Page i zimogrames, tant dels extractes cel.lulars com dels sobrenedants de les soques, indiquen l’existència d’un sistema lipolític complex constituït per diversos enzims, però la seva caracterització bioquímica no denota diferències significatives a nivell de preferència de substrat, temperatura i pH entre les tres soques. Es decideix doncs no continuar estudiant la dotació enzimàtica, que no ha estat determinant per saber a què es deuen les diferències en el metabolisme lipídic, i s’opta per estudiar productes lipídics d’interès d’aquestes soques. Prenent els productes lipídics comuns i diferents, i tenint en compte que comparteixen intermediaris comuns a les seves rutes biosintètiques, s’ha decidit obtenir mutants negatius per la producció de PHA per tal d’estudiar el flux de carbonis i poder així dilucidar part de les rutes metabòliques que generen determinats productes. Aquests mutants es generen per ambdues soques P. aeruginosa 47T28AD i P. aeruginosa 42A28AD. Desprès d’haver provat diferents estratègies de mutagènesi aleatòria sense èxit (irradiació controlada amb llum UV i transposició), els mutants s’obtenen a través de mutagènesi dirigida amb la qual es força la recombinació i per tant la mutació dels gens que codifiquen per l’enzim PHA sintasa, mitjançant el plasmidi suïcida pEX100Tlink. S’analitzen els mutants obtinguts per microscòpia electrònica de transmissió (MET) i la producció de PHAs s’analitza per ressonància magnètica nuclear (RMN). Ambdós processos permeten determinar que els potencials mutants no produeixen PHAs i per tal de confirmar-ho s’extreu i quantifica el PHA observant que la producció de PHAs desapareix en els mutants. Una cop obtinguts els mutants cal veure si aquesta mutació afecta a la producció d’altres metabòlits. En la soca P. aeruginosa 47T2, s’estudien els Rhls produïts a partir d’olis residuals, tant a nivell de quantitat de producció com de qualitat del producte. Es quantifiquen per gravimetria i HPLC-MS i es caracteritzen a nivell fisicoquímic (determinació de CMCs, diagrames ternaris de fases, capacitat emulsionant). Si bé la producció de PHAs desapareix en els mutants seleccionats, sembla que la producció de Rhls augmenta lleugerament respecte a la soca parental, però no de manera proporcional a la desaparició de PHAs. Per altra banda la caracterització dels biotensioactius tampoc mostra diferències significatives entre els productes obtinguts a partir del mutant i de la soca parental, però si és interessant per les possibilitats a nivell d’aplicacions biotecnològiques dels Rhls. Pel que fa a la soca P. aeruginosa 42A2, els mutants serviran per fer el mateix estudi quantitatiu i qualitatiu d’un altre producte, els estòlids, però això forma part d’un altre estudi del grup. En la tesi el que s’ha quantificat són els derivats hidroxilats (mono- i di-hidroxilats) a partir dels quals es formen els estòlids, que també tenen propietats tensioactives i antimicrobianes i/o antifúngiques. "Obtaining and characterization of PHA-negative mutants on Pseudomonas strains for the production of interesting industrial compounds" Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 and P. aeruginosa 42A2 were isolated from oil wastes contaminated environment, soil and water respectively. Both strains were selected for their capacity to synthesize hydrophobic compounds such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), rhamnolipids (Rhls), or estolides. PHAs are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters with a high biotechnological interest for being a good alternative to the petrochemical plastics. In addition, P. aeruginosa 47T2 is able to produce rhamnolipids, glycolipid compounds well-known as microbial surfactants that present antimicrobial and/or antifungal activities. Although P. aeruginosa 42A2 is not producing Rhls, it is capable to convert waste oils into mono, di or –tri hydroxyfatty acids and later polymerize these compounds into estolides. Estolides are biopolyesters that are known for being good emulsifiers with interesting industrial applications. The aim of this thesis was to compare the differences in the lipid metabolism of the selected strain using P. aeruginosa PA01 as a type strain. SDS-page assays and zimmograms of cellular extracts and supernatants, revealed a complex lipolytic system constituted by different enzymes with no relevant differences regarding substrate affinity, temperature or pH. Therefore, the next step was the study of the different lipidic products. Considering that on PHAs, Rhls and estolides biosynthesis, the different involved metabolic pathways are competing for the same substrates, PHA-negative mutants for P. aeruginosa 42A2 and P. aeruginosa 47T2 were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis in order to elucidate the carbon flows. PHA accumulation, in both PHA-negative mutants, was evaluated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMR), confirming thus the mutant strains were handicapped for PHA production. Consequently, rhamnolipids production in P. aeruginosa 47T2 and its PHA-negative mutant was gravimetrically quantified and showed a slightly increase of the Rhls production in the PHA-negative mutant (P. aeruginosa 47T2 4AD). Furthermore, the biopolymers were characterized by HPLC-MS and their physicochemical properties evaluated by determining the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surfactant capacity and constructing the ternary phase diagrams. The biotransformation of oleic acid into hydroxyfatty acids was followed and quantified in P. aeruginosa 42A2 and its PHA-negative mutant (P. aeruginosa 42A2 4AD) by gas chromatography (GC).

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Prialé, Prialé G., and Percy Mayta-Tristan. "Factores asociados a apendicectomías negativas en una clínica privada de Lima-Perú." iMedPub Journals, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/550729.

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gcpriale@hotmail.com Objective: Identify the frequency of negative appendectomy (NA) and associated factors associated in a private hospital in Lima. Methods: Retrospective study of all appendectomies performed between 2012 and 2013 at a private hospital of Lima-Peru. We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent appendectomy and had a medical report of emergency. We excluded the ones without pathology reports. Adjusted ORs were calculated with a logistic regression model to identify factors associated with AN. Results: Three hundred seventy-six appendectomies were performed for suspected appendicitis 55.9% in women). The average patient age was 33.4 ± 17.6 years. We identified 28 AN cases of 363 patients (7.7%). We found that pain in right flank (aOR: 5.4; 95%CI: 1.4-20.8), negative Mc Burney (aOR: 3.6; 95%CI: 1.3- 10.5), pain in hypogastrium (aOR: 3.1; 95%CI: 1.1-8.4) and no leucocitosis (aOR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.2-6.7) were associated factors to AN. Gynecologic conditions (53.6%) and complicated diverticular disease (14.3%) are the most common diagnosis in AN cases. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that the presence of pain in the right flank, negative Mc Burney, pain in hypogastrium and no leukocytosis are factors that can be taken into account to prevent negative appendectomy. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia de apendicectomías negativas (AN) y los factores asociados en una clínica privada de Lima. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todas las apendicectomías realizadas entre los años 2012 y 2013 en una clínica privada de Lima-Perú. Se revisó las historias clínicas de pacientes apendicectomizados que contaron con historia clínica de emergencia e informe quirúrgico. Se excluyó a aquellos que no contaban con informe anatomopatológico del apéndice. Se calculó los OR ajustados con un modelo de regresión logística para identificar los factores asociados con AN. Resultados: Se realizaron 376 apendicectomías durante el periodo 2012-2013. Se excluyó 13 casos por no contar con registro de historia clínica. La población femenina fue de 55.9%. La media de edad del paciente fue 33.4 ± 17.6 años. En 28 de 363 pacientes (7.7%) se registró una AN. Se encontró que el dolor en flanco derecho (ORa: 5.4; IC95%: 1.4-20.8), Mc Burney negativo (ORa: 3.6; IC95%: 1.3-10.5), dolor en hipogastrio (ORa: 3.1; IC95%: 1.1-8.4), y no leucocitosis (ORa: 2.9; IC95%: 1.2-6.7) son factores asociados a una AN. Las patologías más frecuentemente implicadas en el caso de una AN fueron las de causa ginecológica (53.6%) seguida de enfermedad diverticular complicada (14.3%). Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos indican que la presencia de dolor en hipogastrio, dolor en flanco derecho, Mc Burney negativo y no leucocitosis son factores que se pueden tener en cuenta para prevenir apendicectomías negativas.

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CABRAS, LUIGI. "A new class of auxetic lattices." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266579.

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In this work we have studied the mechanical and thermal behavior of a new class of auxetic lattices. We have started introducing a novel two-dimensional lattice family with three different realizations that leads to a Poisson's ratio arbitrarily close to the thermodynamic limit corresponding to ν = -1. The effect is achieved by the superposition of clockwise and anti-clockwise internal rotations leading to a macroscopic non-chiral effect. We have detailed the kinematic of the mechanical system for three types of periodic lattices and we have determined analytically the macroscopic constitutive properties of these structures. The dependence of the effective properties on the constitutive and geometrical parameters of the micro-structure is given and a comparative analysis with hexagonal, triangular and square honeycombs is also performed. We have present also experimental evidence that the new lattices can achieve a negative Poisson's ratio ν=-0.9931± 0.0025. Later we have extended our study to a three-dimensional model that can reproduce the same particular auxetic behavior. The system, we have introduced, has an elementary cell with cubic shape. We have proposed two different versions, these two different systems are generally anisotropic, or more precisely cubic according to symmetry consideration, but one of them can be modified in its structural properties so that the macroscopic behavior becomes isotropic. The anisotropic elastic character of the material is obviously reflected on the effective Young's modulus E and on the effective Poisson's ratio ν, which are therefore a function of the direction in the solid. We have given a complete numerical study of these two elastic constants in particular focusing on the Poisson's ratio ν. The maximum and minimum global Poisson's ratio ν obtained, for the anisotropic tridimensional lattice, are -1 and 1. In the case of the isotropic tridimensional lattice, Poisson's ratio ν ranges from -0.58 to 0.14. After having considered the mechanical behavior of the lattices we have studied their thermal behavior. The particular geometry of the micro-structures makes possible to have dissimilar expansions of the elements within the lattice, leading to an effective coefficient of thermal expansion different from that of the constituent elements. It is possible to reach strongly negative, null, or positive coefficient of thermal expansion using conventional constituent materials with positive thermal expansion. A theoretical expression of the macroscopic coefficient of thermal expansion of the lattices has been provided in full analytical form as a function of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the constituent materials and of the geometrical configuration of the lattices. We have tested experimentally a typology of lattice to prove that achieves a negative coefficient of thermal expansion. The novel systems are constructible at any length-scale, including the micro-scale, from conventional components with different mechanical and thermal properties, which may be combined to ensure the required macroscopic behavior. For this reason they can be used in several engineering fields: bio-medic, structural, aeronautics, civil, etc. An interesting aspect, that concerns the thermal behavior, is that the macroscopic thermal expansion is not anymore an intrinsic property of the material but it is correlated to the micro-structure and to the ratio between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the constituent materials. This allow for example to realize structure insensitive to temperature changes or with a specific coefficient of thermal expansion depending on the application, without no need to use special materials generally very expensive.

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Souza, Paula da Costa. "A dupla negação pré-verbal no catalão e no português brasileiro: história, variação e uso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-08052017-095205/.

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Na presente pesquisa, volta-se o olhar para a dupla negação pré-verbal, fenômeno de grande difusão nas línguas românicas e com ressonâncias nas variedades linguísticas do português brasileiro. Elementos como nada, nenhum e ninguém, entre outros, em determinados estágios das línguas românicas, eram apenas licenciados como negativos por meio de concordância com outro marcador negativo, p.e., não. Para entender, então, a maneira como esses termos negativos chegaram ao português brasileiro, propõe-se uma abordagem diacrônica e comparativa, além de se levar em consideração fatores não somente linguísticos, mas também, extralinguísticos. Dentre as línguas românicas que auxiliam, a partir de uma perspectiva comparada, no desenvolvimento deste trabalho, prioriza-se o catalão, dado que esta língua, segundo os estudos de Martins (2002), ao lado do romeno, é a que se mantém mais próxima da fase romance. Neste período, segundo a mesma autora, a concordância dos elementos apontados com um marcador negativo para expressar a negação pré-verbal era licenciado de forma opcional. Ao entrar em contato, então, com a língua catalã e, principalmente, ao cotejar os possíveis usos da negação nas variedades linguísticas do português brasileiro, suscita-se a hipótese de que catalão e português não se encontram em estágios tão distantes um do outro no que tange à realização da concordância negativa. Assim, ao tomar como modelo linguístico o catalão, no que tange à evolução do fenômeno, revisitam-se teorias fundamentais que abordam, de diversas maneiras, a evolução da negação nas línguas, não somente as românicas. Dessa maneira, não passa desapercebida a clássica teoria do Ciclo de Jespersen, especialmente revisitada em trabalhos atuais, como o de Zeijlstra (2004). Contudo, nota-se que, para a explicação da sobrevivência e manutenção do fenômeno nas variedades linguísticas do português brasileiro, teorias e análises meramente linguísticas não se fazem suficientes. Por isso, levam-se em consideração, também, fatores extralinguísticos, como os da abordagem Sociolinguística, para poder contemplar, de forma abrangente, a manifestação do fenômeno da dupla negação pré-verbal no português brasileiro, especialmente nas suas variedades linguísticas apartadas do modelo estândar. This research focuses on double preverbal negation, a very well-known phenomenon in Romance Languages and with some empirical attestations in the language varieties of Brazilian Portuguese. Elements like nothing, no and nobody, among others, at certain stages of the Romance Languages, were only licensed as negatives by their co-occurrence with another negative marker, e.g., no. To understand, then, how these negative terms came to be used in Brazilian Portuguese, we propose a diachronic and comparative approach, and taking into account not only linguistic factors, but also extralinguistic ones. Among the Romance languages that contribute to the development of this work from a comparative perspective, , Catalan is prioritized because, according to Martins (2002) studies, it remains closer to the stage of early romance, together with Romanian. In this period, according to the same author, agreement between elements introduced by a negative marker to express preverbal denial was optional. When one gets in touch then with the Catalan language, and mainly, when one compares the possible denial structures of the language varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, the hypothesis raises that Catalan and Portuguese are not so distant from one another concerning the realization of negative concord. Therefore, if we take Catalan as a linguistic model, as far as the evolution of the phenomenon is concerned, we need to revisit fundamental theories that approach, in different ways, the evolution of negation in languages, not only Romance languages. In this way, the classical theory of Jespersen cycle does not go unnoticed, especially revisited in current works, such as Zeijlstra (2004). However, it is observed that for the explanation of the survival and maintenance of the phenomenon under study in the linguistic varieties of Brazilian Portuguese, linguistic analysis and theories alone are not enough. For that reason, other approaches, such as the Sociolinguistics approach, are also taken into account. Therefore, the extralinguistic factors related to the Sociolinguistics approach are also taken into account, in order to consider in a comprehensive manner the manifestation of the phenomenon of double preverbal negation in Brazilian Portuguese, especially in its linguistic varieties apart from standard model.

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Doerfling, Paul. "The negative difference and mismatch negativity as measures of attention." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ56173.pdf.

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Klinkmüller, Andreas E. "On doubly excited states in negative ions : Dubbelt exciterade tillstånd i negativa joner /." Göteborg : Chalmers tekniska högsk, 1997. http://xxx.lanl.gov.

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van, Compernolle Rémi A. "From "y as plus personne qui parle" to "plus personne ne dit rien": The variable use of the negative particle ne in synchronous French chat." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3601/.

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This study analyzes negative particle variation (i.e., the variable presence or absence of the negative particle ne) in synchronous French chat discourse within a labovian-inspired framework. Selected morphosyntactic, lexical, and phonological constraints are considered. Multivariate analyses performed by GoldVarb 2001 revealed that subject type (i.e., NP, [- overt] subject environment, pronoun) and the phonological environment preceding the position of neregardless of its presence or absenceare determining factors in the variation. In addition, discursive-pragmatic effect was explored in a sub-sample of data. The results indicate that ne is seldom present in verbal negation during explanatory discourse style, yet it is very likely to be retained in ludic, emphatic, and proverbial styles.

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Tagg, Angelica, and Mia Björling. "Hållbarhetsredovisning och negativt innehåll : Sambanden mellan mängden negativa ord och redovisningstradition, företagsstorlek och branschtillhörighet." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27394.

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Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) är ett av ramverk som idag används för att upprätta hållbarhetsredovisningar. GRI’s vision är att skapa en framtid där hållbarhet är en harmoniserad del av alla organisationers beslutsprocess samt att redovisning av hållbarhet ska vara lika rutinartad och jämförbar som den finansiella redovisningen. Därför arbetar GRI ständigt med att förbättra och utveckla ramverket för att rapporterna ska bli ännu mer transparenta, fullständiga och balanserade. Emellertid är hållbarhetsredovisning än så länge frivilligt för de flesta företag och oreglerat. Att minimera, skönmåla eller helt utelämna händelser är därför förekommande, inte minst för att företagen vill erhålla legitimitet och verka i linje med samhällets förväntningar.Denna uppsats kartlägger och analyserar det negativa innehållet i hållbarhetsredovisningar bland företag som upprättat dem enligt GRI’s ramverk G4. Vidare undersöker studien om faktorerna redovisningstradition, företagsstorlek och branschtillhörighet påverkar det negativa innehållet. Data för totalt 194 företag analyserades. Två av studiens tre hypoteser kunde bekräftas. Resultatet visar att det finns ett positivt samband mellan den kontinental-europeiska redovisningstraditionen och mängden negativa ord i hållbarhets-redovisningar jämfört med den anglo-amerikanska traditionen. Det finns även ett positivt samband mellan företagsstorlek och mängden negativa ord. Däremot gav studien inget stöd för den sista hypotesen då det saknas signifikativt samband mellan branschtillhörighet och den mängd negativa ord som kundeuppvisas. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the framework that is most commonly used by companies to establish sustainability reports. The vision of GRI is to create a future in which sustainability work is a harmonized part of all organizations’ decision-making processes together with the sustainability reports being as standardized and comparable as the ones of financial accounting. It is a continuous process for GRI to improve and develop the framework so the published reports will be even more transparent, complete and balanced. However, sustainability reporting is voluntary for most companies and it is unregulated. Consequently, companies can minimize, embellish or even omit events in their reports. The reason for that, as manyresearchers state, is to keep legitimacy and operate in line with the society’s expectations. This thesis surveys and analyses the negative content in sustainability reports among companies that publish reports in accordance with the GRI framework G4. Furthermore it researches if the factors accounting tradition, company size and industry affiliation affect the negative content in sustainability reports. Data for in total 194 companies was analyzed. Two of the three hypotheses of the study could be confirmed. There is also a positive relation between the continental-European accounting tradition and the amount of negative words in sustainability reports compared to the Anglo-American tradition. There is also a positive relation between company size and the amount of negative words. However, the study provided no support tothe last hypothesis when no relation could be found between industry affiliation and the amount of negative words.

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Quirin, Markus. "Self-System and Regulation of Negative Affect [Selbstsystem und Regulation negativen Affekts]." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979018439.

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Singhal, Anthony. "Attentional workload and the ERPs, negative difference (Nd) and mismatch negativity (MMN)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ39233.pdf.

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Kilbourn, Russell J. A. "The negative ground of fiction, negation and alterity in Kafka, Beckett, Nabokov." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0023/NQ50041.pdf.

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Guedes, Carla Fernanda Ferreira. "Sujeitos negativos e concordância negativa em português numa perspectiva de Sintaxe Comparada." Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/13061.

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Este trabalho teve como primeiro objectivo a análise de alguns procedimentos usados pelos falantes de uma determinada língua para levar a cabo um acto de negar. Em segundo lugar, procurámos desenvolver um estudo sobre a estrutura da frase negativa, em especial sobre o fenómeno da Concordância Negativa., por oposição à Dupla Negação, nas línguas românicas e germânicas. Tentámos encontrar pontos de contacto entre duas línguas tão distintas como são o português e o afrikaans, procurando uniformizar a análise estrutural das frases negativas nestas duas línguas. Na segunda parte, procedemos ao tratmento da questão da posição e natureza dos sujeitos negativos. Finalmente, analisámos os fenómenos de Concordância Negativa e da dupla Negação nas línguas românicas e germânicas dando especial relevo ao portuguÊs europeu e ao afrikaans

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Guedes, Carla Fernanda Ferreira. "Sujeitos negativos e concordância negativa em português numa perspectiva de Sintaxe Comparada." Dissertação, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2001. http://aleph.letras.up.pt/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&request=000120001.

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Arash, Reza. "Making Sense of Negative Campaigning in Canadian Federal Elections." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39797.

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In recent years, negativity has become a dominant theme in the political campaign. However, there are no comprehensive studies to measure the amount of negativity and to examine how parties and candidates adopt these negative strategies, particularly in the Canadian context. Although some studies have focused on a particular aspect of negative campaigning in a Canadian election, the question remains of how and to what extent parties adopt negative strategies in an election. In this thesis, I have collected and analyzed parties’ press releases in the 2015 federal election to examine and explain negativity in parties’ political campaigns. I have tested my results according to five primary theories of negative campaigning, including competitive positioning, ideological proximity, party organization, coalition or minority effect, and negative personalization, to see if these theories apply in the Canadian context. My results indicate that the 2015 federal campaign was a highly negative one, and most of the negative attacks have been directed towards the leader of the Conservative Party, Stephen Harper, while the Conservative Party published the least amount of negative attacks during the campaign. I also found that the Liberal Party has published the most negative statements during the campaign. My results also show that one of the influential factors in shaping parties’ negative campaign strategies is the other parties’ status in public opinion polls, particularly the federal voting intention factor. Although the results show that most of the attacks in the 2015 campaign targeted leaders of parties, I did not find enough support in my models to verify the negative personalization theory. The overall findings of this thesis show that Canadian elections are moving toward a presidential-style campaign, similar to the United States, by becoming more negative and more personalized, which can have significant implications for Canadian democracy.

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Ghadgoud, Khawla. "Negation patterns in Libyan Arabic and Modern Arabic varieties." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/negation-patterns-in-libyan-arabic-and-modern-arabic-varieties(1e47b467-2384-4d77-a4cd-9dd32852af87).html.

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This thesis provides a general descriptive account of the morpho-syntactic expression of negation in fifteen Modern Arabic varieties and investigates three of these varieties in more depth. The thesis contributes to the typological literature on negation through a survey of the negation patterns in a number of related and geographically close varieties. It sheds light on the most influential factors that unify the negation patterns found in these varieties, which are predicate type and form. It is found that the type of the predicate, such as verbal and nonverbal predicates, as well as the form of the verbal predicate, such as active participle as opposed to other verbal forms, play an essential role in determining the negation markers used. In addition, this thesis gives a comprehensive account of a number of negative elements in Libyan Arabic, namely the negative auxiliary, negative particle mÃÂÃÂÃÂ¡, and miÃÂ¡ as a metalinguistic marker, and establishes the morpho-syntactic properties and pragmatic functions of these elements. It concludes that the negative auxiliary is used for a specific pragmatic function, which is to deny assumed background information. It also finds that even though miÃÂ¡ is not a negation marker exclusive for metalinguistic negation, it is a special metalinguistic marker that signals the metalinguistic reading of verbal sentences.

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Pies, Neri. "A política negativa em Adorno: Possibilidade de uma vida emancipada." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6888.

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Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-02-20T12:54:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Neri Pies_.pdf: 1246002 bytes, checksum: 66789585d953f0318718aae63954f3e9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T12:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neri Pies_.pdf: 1246002 bytes, checksum: 66789585d953f0318718aae63954f3e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 Nenhuma A presente tese tem o objetivo: tematizar a possibilidade de uma Política Negativa em Adorno com o intuito de pensar a vida emancipada. O processo de desencantamento do mundo iluminista, que prometia liberdade, certezas científicas e progresso, transformou a razão em instrumento de dominação e mascarou a realidade, instaurando, assim, um sistema administrado. Esta estrutura provocou o estreitamento da racionalidade crítica e eliminou a tensão entre conceito e realidade. Escondeu também a real política, pois o sistema administrado não considera as singularidades, o não idêntico, aquilo que aparece de contraditório na vida humana e na sociedade. Dessa forma, o objetivo da política fica encoberto, torna-se um conceito abstrato que está a serviço do sistema instrumental burguês. A real política é mais do que aparece de imediato na totalidade da sociedade administrada, por isso, nosso objetivo é fazer um exercício, nas obras de Theodor Adorno, da estrutura que apreende e direciona a política, compreendendo como este posicionamento leva o indivíduo e a sociedade à decadência. Mas também, pretendemos, a partir do pensamento de Adorno, apontar perspectivas que podem levar a humanidade e a sociedade para processos emancipatórios através do que, seguindo a terminologia de Adorno, denominamos de política negativa. Para encontrar as perspectivas, acreditamos que é preciso tirar a casca ao redor da política, expor a realidade na qual ela está inserida e dar dinamicidade para que o heterogêneo viva. Nesse sentido fica a pergunta: isso poderia ser feito através da dinâmica da dialética negativa? Na teoria de Adorno, a dialética não se completa, ela se detém no momento da negatividade, articulando e tencionando a razão permanentemente e à medida que ocorre a reflexividade, a razão vai iluminando e qualificando a realidade sem torná-la abstratamente conceitual, ou seja, os elementos se cristalizam por um movimento objetivo projetando novas constelações. Essa dinâmica, de dialética negativa, pode tensionar, articular e iluminar a política, trazendo à tona possibilidades emancipatórias da vida e de uma sociedade melhor sem torná-la administrada. Esta pesquisa analisa se a política negativa pode desobstruir a camada ideológica que oculta as contradições e trazer à tona uma nova configuração, uma outra realidade, ou ainda, a verdadeira realidade. Também tenciona compreender se uma política negativa pode manter a tensão, um campo de forças e pode ir além da superfície imediata das coisas ao não se contentar com as aparências, e se pode resistir e contrapor a estrutura burguesa e a falsidade do todo pela verdade. Com estas questões abertas, nos desafiamos a construir uma reflexão, através da política negativa na obra de Theodor Adorno, por acreditarmos que não existe uma teleologia da sociedade e nem uma racionalidade dos acontecimentos previamente fixados. The following thesis aims to thematize the possibility of a Negative Politics in Adorno in order to think about the emancipated life. The disenchantment process of the enlightenment world, that promised freedom, scientific certainty and progress, transformed reason into a tool of domination and masked the reality, establishing, a managed system. This structure caused the narrowing of critical rationality and eliminated the tension between concept and reality. It also hid the real politics, because the managed system does not consider the singularities, the non identical, something that appears contradictory in human life and in society. In this way, the objective of politics is covered, it becomes an abstract concept, at the service of the instrumental bourgeois system. The real politics is more than what immediately appears in the totality of the managed society, thats's why, our objective is to make an exercise, in the works of Theodor Adorno, the structure that apprehends and directs the politics understanding how this positioning takes the individual and the society to the decay. But also, we intend, from Adorno thoughts, point out some perspectives that can lead humanity and society to emancipatory processes which, following the terminology of Adorno, we call negative politics. To find the perspectives, we believe that it is necessary to take the bark around politics, to expose the reality in which it is inserted and to give dynamicity so that the heterogeneous could live. In this sense the question remains: could this be done through the dynamics of negative dialectics? In Adorno's theory, the dialectic is not complete, it stops at the moment of negativity, articulating and intending the reason permanently as the reflexivity occurs, the reason illuminates and qualifies reality without making it an abstract concept, the elements crystallize by an objective movement projecting new constellations. This dynamics, of negative dialectics, can envisage, articulate and illuminate politics, bringing the emancipatory possibilities of life and a better society without making it administered. This research analyzes can negative politics erase the ideological layer that hides contradictions and bring out a new configuration, another reality, or a real reality. It also compromises san a negative policy keep a tension, a force field, and can it go beyond the immediate surface of things by not being content with appearances, can it resist and oppose the bourgeois structure and the falsity of the whole by the truth. With these open questions, we challenge ourselves to construct a reflection in the books of Theodor Adorno, through negative politics, believing, that there is no teleology of society and no rationality of events previously fixed.

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Stone, Roy. "Gender difference and similarities in the use of negative concord for the regional dialects of England in the BNC." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Mid Sweden University, Department of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8620.

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Rosin, Fabiana Monica. "Algumas contribuições experimentais ao estudo do efeito de priming negativo em tarefas de atenção seletiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-07052002-112218/.

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Foi estudado o efeito de priming negativo associado à supressão do distrator palavra-cor de Stroop (Estudo 1), à supressão do local (Estudo 2) e à identidade do distrator (Estudos 3 e 4). No Estudo 1 constatou-se que a prática prévia em palavras-cor eliminou o efeito da ordem das condições experimentais sobre o índice de priming negativo. No Estudo 2, o efeito de priming negativo foi observado somente no hemicampo direito. A execução concorrente de uma tarefa verbal eliminou os efeitos de lateralidade, mas o efeito de priming negativo permaneceu significante. Estes achados são discutidos em termos de processamento interhemisférico sob condições que exigiriam maior controle da atenção. Os estudos 3 e 4 apresentam tarefas de comparação de pares de dígitos. A versão de papel e lápis da tarefa de comparação de dígitos permitiu avaliar de maneira simples e rápida o efeito de priming negativo. A versão computadorizada, revelou uma interação entre os componentes espacial e de identidade. Ambos os grupos de adultos jovens e idosos revelaram priming negativo nas tarefas de Stroop e de localização espacial. Nas tarefas de identificação do alvo somente os adultos jovens mostraram efeito de priming negativo. Os presentes achados são consistentes com a proposta de mecanismos inibitórios diferenciados na supressão da identidade e de localização espacial. The development of sensitive and simple tests for the assessment of the negative priming effect has theoretical relevance to the elucidation of selective attention models, and also practical and potential clinical implications. The negative priming effect has been regarded as an index of inhibitory attentional processing and was proposed for the detection of syndromes that involve cognitive impairment. Diminished negative priming was reported in studies of individual differences, developmental stage, and clinical populations. However, evidences suggest that tasks requiring responses to the color feature, location or object identity of the stimuli may comprise distinct types of negative priming tasks. The following studies presents data for computerized and paper-and-pencil tasks to examine negative priming for Stroop color-word, location and identity distractors. All four studies take into account aging effects across the tasks. For comparisons between age-groups, proportional performance scores (ratio) were used. A first study employed a reading-sheet Stroop-color-word task, in which the participant is asked to name the colors of the ink in which words with incongruent color names have been printed. Color-word interference is indicated by increased time to complete the conflicting color-word condition compared with a nonconflicting condition with patches of color or strings of Xs. The greater strength of the interference, when the target ink-color of the present stimulus is the distracting color name of the previous stimulus, is attributed to the negative priming effect. A pilot experiment showed that the order of the list conditions containing unrelated and related stimuli affected the negative priming index. The analysis of data demonstrated that a practice trial in color naming of conflicting color-words before the color-word conditions eliminated the effect of the order of the lists. In addition, there was a reliable Stroop reverse interference after practice in color naming, as indicated by the fact that the incongruent color-ink affected post-test word-reading, whereas it had no effect in the pretest word-reading. With practice procedure, older and younger subjects did not differ in their proportional interference scores, whereas the negative priming and reverse effects were increased for older adults. Study 2 examined the negative-priming effect in a spatial localization task under single- and dual-task conditions. The task required the subject to detect the location of a target letter, O, while ignoring a distractor letter, X, when it was present. Significant negative-priming effects were observed under both task conditions, with increased response times for trials in which target location had matched the location of the distractor on the preceding. The magnitude of the negative priming effect was not different for older and younger adults. The performance in the single-task condition showed laterality effects with a right visual field advantage for control and target-alone trials, but not for related trials. In consequence, in the single-task condition, negative priming was observed only for targets displayed in the right hemifield. However, a concurrent digit span task, with a load level that had shown no affect on the dual-task coordination capacity, eliminated the laterality effects, but the negative priming effect remained. These results are considered as neuropsychological evidence that interhemispheric processes may operate under more controlled conditions. Studies 3 and 4 examined negative priming by using an identity-based task that required participants to select the greater of two-digits display or the digit that was paired with an asterisk. Study 3 presents data for a computerized version of the task. Negative-priming was expressed as a slowing in the time to name the digit that had been ignored in the preceding trial, compared to control trials with consecutive targets and distractors always different. Analysis of data revealed that negative priming was reliable only for younger adults, and only when target probe and distractor prime appeared at the same location, suggesting that suppression for location of distractor was underpinning the negative priming effect. However, response latencies for the control trials were facilitated when the target probe and the distractor prime shared the same location. Thus, local suppression affected negative priming for attended distractors with a cost in the response latency for ignored-repetition trials and with a gain in response latency for control trials when the locus of target-probe and distractor-prime was the same. In contrast, older adults performance showed local suppression for both ignored-repetition and control trials. This may explain the lack of negative priming for older adults in the digit-comparison task. Study 4 presents data for a new paper-and-pencil version of the digit-comparison task to obtain a practical measure of negative priming that do not require cumbersome technical equipment. In that task, subjects were asked to circle digits that were paired with asterisks and the greater of two digits in a series of digit pairs listed on a sheet of paper. For younger participants, but not for older participants, the time to complete the sheet with related pairs was slower than for unrelated pairs. In addition, the reduced scores of negative priming in older adults were associated with the lowest sustained attention scores from Toulouse-Piéron test. These results suggest that older adults performance in the digit-comparison task were mainly related to flexibility and sustained attentional scores, and the lower sustained attentional coefficient seemed to be the best predictor of diminished or reversed negative priming in older adults. Younger adults showed reliable negative priming across all tasks. In contrast, older adults showed negative priming in Stroop and spatial tasks, when compared with younger subjects performance, but reduced negative priming in identity suppression tasks. The findings are consistent with neurophysiological and behavioural evidence that identity and location suppressing may rely on separate inhibitory mechanisms, and that not all of these processes are weakened by factors associated with age.

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Azevedo, Érika Chang de. "Preparação bioquímica para caracterização molecular e estrutural do RNA vírus LRV1-4." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-27042015-172554/.

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O vírus de Leishmania 1-4 ( do inglês Leishmania RNA virus 1-4 ou LRV1-4) é um vírus da família Totiviridae, e que possui capsídeo icosaédrico e RNA dupla-fita que codifica duas proteínas (proteína capsidial e RNA polimerase). Dados recentes indicam o envolvimento do LRV1-4 na patogênese de Leishmania no hospedeiro humano, tornando seu estudo de fundamental importância para o entendimento dessa doença e de seu papel na relação parasito-hospedeiro. Há relatos sobre a purificação do vírus a partir do seu hospedeiro natural (Leishmania guyanensis) e a partir de sistemas de expressão heteróloga. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer os métodos de purificação para posteriores estudos estruturais por Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão por Contraste Negativo (NS-TEM) e por Crio-Microscopia Eletrônica (Cryo-EM). Os estudos aqui propostos irão permitir a construção de um modelo estrutural do capsídeo do LRV1-4 e sua identificação correta dentre os totivírus. Além das contribuições ao conhecimento da biologia/patogenia do LRV1-4 este estudo representa a primeira caracterização estrutural de um capsídeo viral realizada no Brasil, e assim um avanço importante para a área de virologia e biologia estrutural no pais. Foram realizadas ultracentrifugações biológicas, utilizando gradientes de sacarose, para a purificação do vírus a partir do extrato celular de L. guyanensis. As frações que apresentaram RNA viral foram analisadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (Campinas LNNano CNPEM). Além disso, foram realizadas tentativas de expressar a proteína do capsídeo (ORF2) em Leishmania tarentolae e Escherichia coli. Foram também realizados esforços para a obtenção de anticorpos a partir de peptídeos sintetizados após análise computacional da sequência de aminoácidos da proteína do capsídeo. As amostras obtidas a partir do hospedeiro natural do vírus se apresentaram heterogêneas quando analisadas por NS-TEM, de modo que não foi possível a realização de uma análise estrutural. Porém, a presença de partículas do tamanho esperado para o vírus em amostras em que foi detectado o RNA viral indicam que são necessários esforços para obtenção de uma amostra de maior pureza e homogênea. Além disso, não foi possível obter a proteína do capsídeo nos sistemas de expressão heteróloga. A presença de 25 resíduos de cisteína pode estar levando a proteína à degradação rápida em bactéria. Os experimentos de expressão em células de Leishmania ainda não foram conclusivos. Foi obtido um anticorpo anti-peptídeo que reconhece a proteína do capsídeo, tornando possíveis experimentos como imunolocalização e imunoprecipitação do vírus. The Leishmania RNA virus 1-4 (LRV1-4) belongs to the Totiviridae family. It has an icosahedral capsid and a double-strand RNA encoding two proteins (capsid protein and RNA polymerase). Recent data indicate the involvement of LRV1-4 in the pathogenesis of Leishmania in the human host, making their study of fundamental importance for the understanding of this disease and its role in host-parasite relationship. There are reports on the purification of the virus from its natural host (Leishmania guyanensis) and from the same heterologous expression systems such as Escherichia coli.This work aims to stablish purification methods for further structural studies by Negative Stain Transmission Microscopy (NS-TEM) and Cryo-Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM). The studies proposed here will allow the construction of a structural model of the coat protein of LRV1-4 and their correct identification amongst the Totiviridae. In addition to the contributions to the knowledge of the biology and pathogenesis of LRV1-4, this study represents the first structural characterization of a viral capsid held in Brazil and thus an important step forward for the field of virology and structural biology in the country. Sucrose for virus purification gradients were performed from the cell extract of L. guyanensis. Fractions that showed viral RNA were analised by Transmission Electron Microscopy (Campinas LNNano - CNPEM). Furthermore, attempts have been made to express the capsid protein (ORF2) in Leishmania tarentolae and Escherichia coli. There has also been made efforts to obtain antibodies from peptides synthesized accordingly to the computer analysis of the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein. The samples obtained from the natural host of the virus showed a heterogeneous distribution of particles when examined by NS-TEM so that it was not possible to perform a structural analysis. However, the presence of particles of the size expected for the virus particles in samples where the viral RNA was detected indicate that efforts are necessary to obtain a more homogeneous and pure sample. Moreover, it was not possible to obtain the capsid protein in heterologous expression systems. The presence of 25 cysteine residues could have led to the protein rapid degradation in the bacteria host. The expression experiments in Leishmania cells were not yet conclusive. It was also possible to obtain an anti-peptide antibody recognizing the capsid protein, enabling immunoprecipitation and immunolocalization experiments.

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Boddenberg, Bastian [Verfasser]. "Negative Produktinformation. : Die Rechtmäßigkeit von staatlichen, staatlich finanzierten und privaten negativen Produktinformationen. / Bastian Boddenberg." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1238435017/34.

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Vieira, Leandro Augusto Gonçalves. "O ensino de arte nas escolas públicas paulistas : contraponto crítico sobre a discrepância entre o que se aspira e o que se ensina." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8554.

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Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-02-17T11:59:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAGV.pdf: 738424 bytes, checksum: 044ec8def0ef42101b4b568d53ae8bee (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-03-09T19:50:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAGV.pdf: 738424 bytes, checksum: 044ec8def0ef42101b4b568d53ae8bee (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-03-09T19:50:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAGV.pdf: 738424 bytes, checksum: 044ec8def0ef42101b4b568d53ae8bee (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T19:58:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLAGV.pdf: 738424 bytes, checksum: 044ec8def0ef42101b4b568d53ae8bee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-24 Não recebi financiamento Considering the theoretical and metodological aproaches of Critical Theory of Society, especially by the contributions of Adorno and Horkheimer, this study analyses the discrepancy between what is yearned for and what is taught about art in the public school of São Paulo State. One can verify the misunderstanding of negative dialectic tension between autonomy and adaptation that are carried and expressed in a fundamental educative principle which conciliates the citzenship exercise and the development of job skills. This lack of understanding becomes the formative practices unable to disrupt the collapse of culture. In this Master Thesis, the aim is to demonstrate, by the critical conception of aesthetic experience, the recovering of Art as an underlying element for the formation of learner's emancipation. Este trabalho analisa, a partir do referencial teórico-metodológico da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, sobretudo, no âmbito das reflexões de Adorno e Horkheimer, a discrepância entre o que se aspira e o que se ensina em termos de Arte na escola pública paulista. O não reconhecimento da tensão dialética existente entre autonomia e adaptação contidas e externadas no princípio fundamental educativo que concilia o exercício da cidadania e a qualificação para ao trabalho, torna a prática formativa incapaz de romper com a falência da cultura. A pesquisa procurou demonstrar, a partir da concepção crítica da experiência estética, o restabelecimento da Arte como elemento crucial para a formação da emancipação dos educandos.

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Maino, Orrego Felipe. "La traumatica de un caso. Trabajo de lo negativo y tramitación via lo Abyecto." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/133765.

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Magister en Psicología Clínica de Adultos Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento La siguiente investigación de tesis se enmarca en el campo de la clínica del trauma. Establece un recorrido teórico que busca dar cuenta de las particularidades de un caso atendido por el autor en el curso de un año y medio, cuyos puntos problemáticos fueron: 1) el efecto de sobrecarga (y no de alivio ni modulación del afecto) que emergía al poner en palabras la experiencia y 2) el tono marcadamente negativo en la relación terapéutica. Siguiendo la teorización de Green en torno al concepto de “trabajo de lo negativo”, se sistematizan distinciones que permiten pensar psiquismos donde lo que prima es la desligadura y la “desobjetalización”. Del mismo modo, se profundiza en la noción de “abyecto” propuesta por Kristeva para puntualizar los efectos que la abyección imprime en el aparato psíquico, en particular la palabra imperativa y el afecto arrebatador. El autor encuentra en esas coordenadas el modelo para analizar los aspectos del caso que resultaron problemáticos, permitiéndole concluir que -habiendo tramitaciones de intensidad, o traumáticas, que transitan destinos distintos que el de la represión- deben redefinirse y/o abordarse críticamente conceptos propios de la teoría como son “representación palabra”, “inconsciente”, “objeto”, “narcisismo” y nociones de la técnica tales como “transferencia” y “asociación libre”. El abordaje crítico de dichos términos encuentra aval en la teorización referida a la clínica del trauma propuesta por Davoine y Gaudrillère, revisada en el tercer capítulo. Finalmente el recorrido teórico y el comentario clínico del caso permiten articular un diálogo posible entre las escuelas psicoanalíticas inglesa y francesa

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Soukup, Jiří. "Ekologické aspekty dopravy, internalizace externích nákladů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10544.

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Grimsrud, Elisabeth. "Fødselsopplevelser – hva synes å bidra til at de blir en negativ erfaring?" Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3629.

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Hensikt: Å belyse hvilke aspekter kvinner selv trekker fram når de beskriver sin fødselsopplevelse som negativ. Metode: Kvalitativ tematisk analyse er anvendt for å analysere fritekstkommentarer fra 103 kvinner som har vurdert sin fødselsopplevelse som negativ, i den norske kohorten av Bidens-studien. Hovedresultater: Tre hovedtemaer trer fram i resultatene: ”Komplikasjoner hos mor, barn eller begge”, ”Å ikke føle seg sett og hørt” og ”Opplevelse av smerte og tap av kontroll”. Funnene viser at majoritetenav kvinnene hadde opplevd uventede og dramatiske komplikasjoner. Mange hadde følt seg ignorert, dårlig behandlet og ikke inkludert i avgjørelser. Et mindretall opplevde at den negative fødselsopplevelsen hovedsaklig skyldtes smerte og/eller tap av kontroll. Konklusjon: Kvinnenes beskrivelser viser at de ikke forventet å oppleve det de gjorde i fødsel, det være seg komplikasjoner eller mangelfull ivaretakelse. Enkelte opplevde situasjoner som må betraktes som overgrep i form av forsømmelse, verbale overtrampog uhøflig opptredenfra omsorgsgivernes side. I denne studien kommer det fram at omsorgsgiveres holdninger og væremåte er vesentlig for en positiv fødselsopplevelse. Den informasjonen som komfram gjennom funnene kan brukes av jordmødre for på best mulig måte å forebygge negative fødselsopplevelser. Aim: This study aimed to explore the aspects women describe as contributing to their negative experience of childbirth. Methods: We used qualitative thematic analysis to analyze 103 free-text comments in a questionnaire from the Norwegian cohort of the Bidens study. The comments were provided by women who had a negative childbirth experience. Main findings: The majority of respondents reported experiencing unexpected and dramatic complications during childbirth. We identified three major themes: “(i) complications in mother, baby or both”, “(ii) not being seen or heard”; and (iii) “experience of pain and loss of control”. Further, the majority of respondents had felt ignored, had not been treated with respect, and did not feel included in decisions about their childbirth. A minority described pain and loss of control as the main reason for their negative birth experience. Conclusions: The women’s comments show that they did not expect to experience negative things during childbirth. Further, they were unprepared for complications and improper care. Alarmingly, many respondents experienced what must be characterized as abuse in the health-care system (i.e. neglect, verbal abuse or rudeness). The present study shows that caregivers’ attitudes and presentation contribute importantly to a positive childbirth experience. Midwives can use the information gained from this study to prevent negative birth experiences. ISBN 978-91-86739-95-9

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Ahlénius, Emma, and Lovisa Öst. "Att ge eller att inte ge : En studie om projektledares arbete med återkoppling." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-42919.

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Bakgrunden till vår uppsats är att återkoppling behövs som verktyg på en arbetsplats för att få medarbetare att trivas. Detta har i grund och botten anknytning till vårt behov av att känna oss accepterade och av att känna samhörighet. Forskning har visat att bekräftelse från omvärlden är en viktig del för individens självbild. Särskilt i en projektorganisation är återkoppling betydelsefullt, eftersom projektgrupper ofta består av nya konstellationer av människor som snabbt måste lära sig att samarbeta. Om ett bra arbete med återkoppling sker kan detta få positiva effekter på arbetsprestationer. Problematiken kring att ge återkoppling handlar om att ge den på ett konstruktivt sätt som får mottagaren att ta åt sig. Genom att granska tidigare forskning undersökte vi varför det finns ett behov av återkoppling i pro-jektgrupper, vad forskningen säger att givaren bör tänka på när det handlar om återkoppling samt vad konsekvenserna och resultatet kan bli av återkoppling. Vårt syfte är att utifrån den forskning som idag finns undersöka hur arbetet med åter-koppling ser ut i praktiken för fem stycken projektledare. Vi ställde oss bland an-nat frågeställningarna: Ger projektledare återkoppling? På vilka sätt? Hur ser de på arbete med återkoppling? Vet de hur teorin ser ut kring ämnet? Arbetar de med att bli bättre på att ge återkoppling? För att undersöka frågeställningarna använde vi oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Projektle-darna arbetar alla inom samma bransch, fastighetsförvaltningsbranschen. Våra intervjudata bearbetades genom transkribering samt kodning efter förutbestämda teman. I vår analys jämförs den teoretiska bakgrunden med den empiriska datan vi insamlat. En matris med en sammanställning av det insamlade materialet återfinns i bilaga 2. Vår slutsats är bland annat att projektledare mest arbetar med positiv återkoppling och att negativ återkoppling kan vara problematiskt att ge. Vi fann även att projektledarna inte hade någon teoretisk kunskap om ämnet återkoppling utan de färdigheter de besatt hade de lärt sig genom erfarenhet. The background of our paper is that feedback is needed as a tool on during work to make the individuals feel comfortable. This is basically related to our need of feeling accepted and to feel affinity. Research has demonstrated that the confirmation from the outside world is an important part of the individual's selfimage. In a project based environment, feedback is important, as project groups often consist of new constellations of people who quickly must learn to work together. If feed-back could be used successfully, this can have positive effects on work perfor-mance. The problem of providing feedback is how to give it in a constructive way so the receiver to take in the information and accept it. By examining past research, we examined why there is a need for feedback in project teams, what the research says that the giver should consider when it comes to feedback, and what consequences and results of feedback could be. Our purpose is, based on existing research, to examine how feedback is used in practice for five project managers. We asked ourselves following questions: Do project managers provide feedback? In what ways? How do they work with feedback? Do they know how the theory looks about the topic? How do they work to become better at giving feedback? To examine the issues, we used a qualitative approach in the form of semi-structured interviews. The interview subjects were all working in the same indus-try, the real estate industry. Our interview data were processed by transcribing and coding by predetermined themes. In our analysis we compared the theoretical background of the empirical data we collected. A matrix with a compilation of the collected data is presented in appendix 2. Our conclusion is that project managers mostly work with positive feedback and that giving negative feedback is perceived problematic. We also discovered that the project managers lacked a theo-retical knowledge about the subject and that the skills they possessed, had they learned through experience.

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Muñoz, Gamito Gema. "Valor del genotipado en el diagnóstico microbiológico de la infección por estafilococos plasmacoagulasa negativos en cirugia ortopédica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454771.

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Decidir si el aislamiento de Estafilococos coagulasa negativos en los cultivos de las muestras obtenidas de cirugía ortopédica corresponde a una infección o a una contaminación es un reto altamente complicado para el clínico, puesto que se trata de un microorganismo que pertenece a la flora habitual del individuo sin provocar enfermedad. Un diagnóstico erróneo de infección o de contaminación puede suponer la realización (o no) de múltiples reintervenciones, uso prolongado de antibióticos orales e intravenosos, largas estancias hospitalarias, rehabilitación ambulatoria, aumento de visitas de seguimiento y bajas laborales. Las técnicas microbiológicas utilizadas en la actualidad y consideradas el gold estándar para infección osteoarticular tienen una sensibilidad y una especificidad bajas. Repetitive Extragenic Palindrome PCR (rep-PCR) es una técnica basada en la amplificación y detección de secuencias repetitivas de DNA, que se encuentran en los microorganismos de forma característica. Es capaz de identificar 2 cepas como iguales con un 97% de fiabilidad y por este motivo es el método de referencia actualmente en la identificación de cepas virulentas en brotes hospitalarios y en la comunidad pero no se ha utilizado en el diagnóstico de infección osteoarticular. OBJETIVO: 1)Determinar la concordancia de la técnica de genotipado por rep-PCR respecto a la técnica de fenotipado convencional en el diagnóstico de infección osteoarticular. 2) Analizar el subgrupo de pacientes portadores de material protésico 3) valorar el impacto del genotipado en el tratamiento de pacientes con infección por S. epidermidis 4) determinar si es posible predecir un mismo patrón genotípico entre cepas a partir del antibiotipo en los casos discordantes. MÉTODO: Se incluyeron todos aquellos pacientes sometidos a cirugía osteoarticular con sospecha clínica de infección que presentaron ≥2 aislamientos de CoNS en los cultivos obtenidos de las muestras quirúrgicas desde enero 2011 a marzo 2015. Se recogieron datos epidemiológicos y clínicos, quirúrgicos y microbiológicos. Cada cepa de CoNS se analizó por ambos métodos (fenotipado – VITEK y API- y genotipado –Rep-PCR-). De acuerdo con las guías de práctica clínica actuales, se consideraron como patógenas, aquellas cepas de CoNS que se habían identificado como idénticas en ≥2 muestras dentro del mismo episodio. Los resultados obtenidos por ambas técnicas se analizaron estadísticamente y se compararon entre sí. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron un total de 255 cepas de Staphylococci Plasmocoagulasa negativos de un total de 52 procedimientos quirúrgicos con sospecha de infección, en 42 pacientes. Cada procedimiento quirúrgico se consideró como un episodio independiente. El 55% fueron varones, edad de 61.5 ± 20.6 años. El índice de comorbilidad de Charlson fue de 0.7 ± 1.1. En el 79% de los episodios había material protésico y el 93% había sufrido una cirugía previa en el sitio quirúrgico actual. El diagnóstico de infección por CoNS en la muestra del estudio según las técnicas convencionales fue del 73% vs 77% con rep-PCR. El índice kappa de concordancia fue de 0.59 ± 0.1 (p<0.01). En el subgrupo de pacientes portadores de material ortopédico, el índice kappa fue de 0.68 ± 0.1 (p<0.01). La sensibilidad del fenotipado vs el genotipado, calculada sobre la prevalencia de la muestra, fue del 93%, especificidad del 72%, Valor Predictivo Positivo del 90% y Valor Predictivo Negativo del 75% con IC 95%. En cuanto al análisis de las cepas discordantes, se encontraron 62 diferencias entre antibiotipos. CONCLUSIONES: Rep-PCR detecta un mayor número de casos de infección. La concordancia entre las dos técnicas es discretamente mejor en el subgrupo de portadores de material protésico. La técnica por rep-PCR presenta además un mayor valor predictivo negativo respecto al método estandard. Según nuestros datos, no es posible predecir un mismo genotipo a partir de antibiotipos distintos. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) form part of the resident microflora in the skin of humans and are common culture contaminants. CoNS can also be the cause of severe infection in certain clinical situations. Hence, when CoNS are isolated in cultures of orthopedic surgery specimens, it is a challenge for clinicians to determine whether this finding should be considered an infection or a contaminant. Current clinical practice guidelines (IDSA, 2013) state that the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection requires at least 2 cultures positive for the same microorganism, determined according to standard microbiological procedures for identifying the genus, species, and antibiogram. The phenotypic correlation between isolates from the two samples is considered to exclude a simple contamination. Nonetheless, phenotyping methods are known to have limitations for accurate identification of CoNS strains. Microbial identification based on genotyping has proven to be more precise than phenotyping in other clinical scenarios but the usefulness of these techniques has not been investigated in bone and joint infection. Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (rep-PCR) is a technique based on amplification and detection of the repetitive DNA characteristically found in microorganisms. With the use of rep-PCR, two strains can be identified as being identical with 97% certainty, and for this reason it is the current reference method for identifying virulent strains in hospital and community outbreaks. The aim of this study was 1) to determine the concordance between rep-PCR and standard techniques based on phenotypic identification in the diagnosis of CoNS bone and joint infection; 2) to determine the concordance in the patients with orthopaedic material; 3) to assess the impact of rep-PCR in the treatment of the patients with infection due to CoNS; 4) to determine if it is possible to predict a same genotypic pattern from discordant antibiotypes. Method: Observational study comparing diagnostic tests (January 2011-March 2015),including all orthopaedic surgery patients with clinically suspected infection and ≥2 surgical specimens culture-positive for CoNS. Data collection included epidemiologic and clinical information,current clinical signs of suspected infection,and microbiological information.Each CoNS strain was analyzed by both methods (phenotyping, VITEK and API;and genotyping, rep-PCR). In accordance with current IDSA guidelines,CoNS strains identified as identical in ≥2 samples within the same surgical episode were considered pathogenic. The results of the two techniques were compared and statistically analyzed. Results:255 CoNS isolates from 52 surgical episodes with suspected infection in 42 patients (55% male, mean age 61.5±20.6 years) were included. The patients' Charlson comorbidity index was 0.7±1.1. Implanted material was present in 79% of episodes and the surgical site had undergone previous surgery in 93%.CoNS infection was diagnosed by phenotyping in 73% of patients (mean,2.2±1.3 different strains identified per episode)and 77% by rep-PCR analysis(mean,1.8±0.6 different strains per episode).The kappa index of concordance was 0.59±0.1(p<0.01); 0.69 ±0.1(p<0.01) in the patients with orthopaedic materials; the sensitivity of the phenotyping vs genotyping, calculated on the prevalence of the sample, was 93%, specificity of 72%, 90% positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 75% with 95% CI. In terms of the analysis of the discordant strains, 62 difference between antibiotypes were found. Conclusions: The two diagnostic methods showed moderate discrepancy in the diagnosis of postoperative bone and joint infection. Rep-PCR detected more cases of infection. The concordance index was discreetly better in the subgroup with prosthetic material. Rep-PCR technique showed higher negative predictive value with respect to the standard method. According to our data, it is not possible to predict a same genotype from different antibiotypes.

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Simonovic, Dejan, and Emilio Strukelj. "En studie om eventuella negativa eller oönskade effekter hos personer som genomgått en psykologisk behandling." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för psykologi, pedagogik och sociologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-16349.

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Den psykiska ohälsan ökar stadigt i omvärlden, därav genomgår fler människor psykologiska behandlingar för att öka sitt välmående. Den tidigare forskningen har uppvisat att negativa effekter i samband med en psykologisk behandling existerar. Syftet med genomförandet av studien var att undersöka om det fanns negativa eller oönskade effekter hos personer som genomgått någon evidensbaserad psykologisk behandling samt att undersöka vilka de mest förekommande oönskade effekter var hos den rekryterade gruppen. Studien genomfördes genom en enkätstudie med totalt 63 deltagare (M = 33 år, SD = 8.4, åldersspann 20 - 57 år,67% kvinnor). Instrumentet som användes var The Negative Effects Questionnaire med 32 påståenden, vilka utgör en sex faktorsmodell (symptom, kvalitet, beroende, stigma, hopplöshet och misslyckande). Instrumentet mäter huruvida deltagarna upplevt att behandlingen lett till några negativa eller oönskade effekter. Resultatet på frågeställning A ”Vilka är de mestförekommande biverkningarna hos den rekryterade gruppen?” visar att den mest rapporterade negativa effekten var “känner du dig sorgsen”. Resultatet från frågeställningen B ”Finns det könsskillnader i medelvärden av faktorerna hos NEQ?” visar att kvinnor generellt rapporterat fler biverkningar jämfört med männen. Studien går i linje med tidigare forskning och svarar på samtliga frågeställningar. Studiens låga antal deltagare (N = 63), och dess bekvämlighetsurval gör att studien inte kan generalisera sitt resultat. Spridningen blir inte lika omfattande och representativ som den hade varit med en större urvalsgrupp. Mental illness is steadily increasing in the world, because of which more people are undergoing psychological treatments to increase their well-being. Previous research has shown that negative effects in connection with a psychological treatment exist. The purpose of conducting the study was to investigate whether there were negative or unwanted effects inpeople who had undergone any evidence-based psychological treatment and to investigate what the most common unwanted effects were in the recruited group. The study was conducted through a questionnaire study with a total of 63 participants (M = 33 years, SD =8.4, age range 20 - 57 years, 67% women). The instrument used was The Negative Effects Questionnaire with 32 statements, which constitute a six-factor model (symptom, quality, dependence, stigma, hopelessness and failure). The instrument measures whether the participants experienced that the treatment led to some negative or unwanted effects. The result of question A shows that the most reported negative effect was "do you feel sad". The results from question B show that women generally reported more side effects compared to men. The study is in line with previous research and answers all questions. The study's low number of participants (N = 63), and its convenience selection means that the study can notgeneralize its results, the spread will not be as extensive and representative as it would have been with a larger sample group.

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Lazcano, Barra Yasna, and Sebastian Ullmark. "Vilka faktorer påverkar livskvalitet hos individer med schizofreni - ett omvårdnadsperspektiv : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-335007.

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Bakgrund: Det finns idag cirka 35 000 personer som lider av schizofreni i Sverige. De schizofrena symtomen påverkar patientens livskvalitet i olika utsträckning. Negativa symtom som undergrupp har till skillnad från övriga symtom visat sig ha en sämre respons på medicinering och bidrar därmed till en risk för sämre livskvalitet. På grund av fortsatta utmaningar att behandla negativa symtom krävs ytterligare forskning på området för att optimera omvårdnaden för dessa patienter och på så sätt förbättra en riskerad livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hur individer med negativa symtom inom ramen för schizofreni upplevde sin livskvalitet och omvårdnaden kring sin sjukdom. Metod: En litteraturstudie har utförts, där artiklar relevanta för att besvara syftet och frågeställningar har granskats. Artiklarna i denna litteraturstudie granskades strukturerat och analyserades med en innehållsanalys. Resultat: Faktorer som påverkar livskvalitet hos schizofrena patienter delades in i kategorierna; generella negativa symtom, kognitiva svårigheter och sociala faktorer, som delades upp i underkategorierna; stigmatisering, socialt nätverk, sociodemografiska förhållanden och arbetsförhållanden. De omvårdnadseffekter som påverkade livskvalitet visade sig vara; vårdkontext, stöd och utbildning från vården samt coping-strategier. Slutsats: Schizofrena individer påverkas i stor utsträckning av hur vården och samhället ser på dem. Sammanvägt upplever patientgruppen att en ökad livskvalitet var sammankopplad med socialt stöd och en vårdkontext som fokuserade på att förena ett fungerande privatliv med behandling. Background: In Sweden, 35 000 individuals are affected by schizophrenia. The various symptoms of the disease have a major impact on the individuals’ quality of life. However, individuals with negative symptoms, have been shown to respond poorly to traditional pharmacological treatment. Because of this, patients who suffer from severe negative symptoms are at risk of poorer quality of life. Due to continued challenges to treat negative symptoms, further research is required to provide an optimized care for this vulnerable group. Aim: The aim was to study how schizophrenic individuals with characteristically negative symptoms experience quality of life as well as their experiences of the care provided to them. Method: A literature study has been conducted where articles relevant to answer the purpose and questions have been examined. The included articles were systematically analyzed through content analysis. Results: Quality of life in schizophrenic patients was affected by negative symptoms, cognitive difficulties and social factors, the latter divided in the sub-categories; stigmatization, social networking, sociodemographic conditions and working conditions. The caregiving factors that had an impact on quality of life were proven to be: the context in which the care was given, support and education from healthcare and coping strategies. Conclusion: Schizophrenic individuals are greatly affected by how caregivers and the society view them. Patients experienced that an improvement in quality of life is linked to social support and a context of caregiving that focused on combine the treatment with a functioning private life.

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Samelo, Mariana Januario. "Investigação sobre o desamparo aprendido em humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47132/tde-01042009-154546/.

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A literatura sobre o desamparo aprendido utilizando humanos como participantes de pesquisa, tem encontrado dificuldades metodologicas. O presente experimento teve como objetivo geral estabelecer um procedimento que permitisse controle experimental suficiente para verificacao do efeito de uma historia de incontrolabilidade, com e sem feedback de erro, sobre a aprendizagem de uma nova resposta operante em sujeitos humanos. Estudantes universitarios foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=10), denominados Nao-tratado (N), Controlavel (C), Incontrolavel (I) e Incontrolavel feedback (If). Na primeira fase (tratamento), com excecao dos sujeitos do grupo N, os demais foram expostos a estimulos aversivos (som) que poderiam ser desligados contingentes ao seu comportamento de teclar sequencias variaveis (grupo C) ou independente dele (grupos I e If). No final da sessao, foi perguntado aos sujeitos a que atribuiam o termino do som: as respostas mostraram correspondencia entre a contingencia a qual estavam submetidos e o comportamento verbal para 100% dos participantes do Grupo C, 70% do Grupo If e 60% do Grupo I. Na segunda fase (teste), todos os participantes foram submetidos a resolucao de anagramas: os sujeitos dos grupos C e N apresentaram menores latencias e maior numero de acertos, sendo maiores as latencias e falhas obtidas no grupo If; o grupo I mostrou resultados intermediarios. Esses resultados sao consistentes com o esperado no estudo do desamparo aprendido, sugerindo que o procedimento proposto e adequado para esse estudo. Foram discutidas as contingencias acidentais que possivelmente se estabeleceram no grupo I, a funcao do feedback de erro no controle dessas contingencias, o controle pela regra e as implicacoes metodologicas do procedimento empregado. The literature on learned helplessness in human has been fraught with methodological difficulties. The present research has the general objective of establishing a procedure that permits sufficient experimental control to verify the effect of a history of uncontrollability with or without feedback of failure on learning a new operant response by humans. College students were divided into four groups (n=10), deemed Non-treated (N), Controllable (C), Uncontrollable (I) and Uncontrollable with feedback (If). In the first phase (treatment), except for Group N, the participants were exposed to an aversive stimulus (tones) that could be controllable (i.e., turned off contingent upon making variable sequences using the keyboard) or independent of behavior (Groups I and If). At the end of the session, participants were asked to what they attributed the end of the tones: the correspondence between their answers and the situation to which they were exposed was 100% for Group C, 70% for Group If and 60% for Group I. In the second phase (test), all participants were asked to solve some anagrams. Groups C and N showed lower latencies and a greater number of correct responses. Latencies and rate of failure were higher in Group If; Group I presented intermediate results. These results were in agreement with the learned helplessness effect, suggesting that the procedure is adequate for its study. The possible accidental contingences established in Group I, the function of the feedback of failure in these accidental contingencies, the role of instructions and some methodological implications are discussed.

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S?, Marcus Andr? Ferreira S? "Avalia??o de diferentes press?es negativas na aspira??o folicular transvaginal guiada por ultrassom sobre a recupera??o oocit?ria em ?guas." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1514.

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Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-10T18:18:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Marcus Andr? Ferreira S?.pdf: 393876 bytes, checksum: 9d184a085854acf9828da371a7e2b732 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T18:18:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Marcus Andr? Ferreira S?.pdf: 393876 bytes, checksum: 9d184a085854acf9828da371a7e2b732 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-17 CAPES The present experiment aimed to verify if different vacuum pump negative pressures (150, 280 e 400 mmHg) can influence the oocyte recovery rate per preovulatory follicle aspirated. Hence, 21 estrous cycles from regularly cycling mares were subject to OPU. The estrous cycles were sorted in three groups (G150=150 mmHg; G280=280 mmHg; G400=400 mmHg) in the following sequence: G150= 150mmHg (n=6); G280= 280mmHg (n=7); G400= 400mmHg (n=6). During the estrus, the ovarian activity of the mares was daily monitored using the transrectal ultrasound technique until the largest follicle reached at least a diameter of 35mm and endometrial edema secore 2.5 was identified on ultrasonographic evaluation, when 1000UI of hCG administered intravenuous. Approximately 24 hours after the hCG administered, the mares were monitored by rectal palpation and ultrasonography every six hours to follicle evaluation. In the case of imminent indication of ovulation or formation of hemorrhagic follicle, the follicle would be immediately aspirate. The aspirations occurred in 32,45?1,92h after the hCG administration. The transvaginal aspirations were performed with ultrasound apparatus equipped with a convex transducer of 5,0mHz with polyethylene guide containing a double lumen needle of 12G. The follicular fluid collected from each follicle was frozen and the aspirated content was transferred to a Petri Dishes and thoroughly examined on the stereomicroscope to identify the oocytes presence. In order to statistically evaluate the influence of different pressures on the oocyte recovery, were used Chi-Squared test (a 5% significance) and Fisher Exact Test, when recommended. The recovery rate was 31,57% (6/19), being 16,66 % (1/6) in G150, 42,85 % (3/7) in G280 and 33,33 % (2/6) in G400. There was no difference among groups (p>0,05). From the results of the current study, it is possible to conclude that the negative pressure of the vacuum pump is not a determining factor to increase the oocyte recovery and other aspects would possibly have more significant influence . O presente experimento visou investigar se diferentes press?es negativas da bomba de v?cuo (150, 280 e 400mmHg) podem influenciar a taxa de recupera??o oocit?ria por fol?culo preovulat?rio aspirado. Para tanto, foram submetidos a ovum pick up 21 ciclos estrais de ?guas ciclando regularmente, distribu?dos em tr?s grupos (G150= 150 mmHg; G280= 280 mmHg; G400= 400 mmHg), na seguinte ordem: G150= 150 mmHg (n=6); G280= 280 mmHg (n=7); G400= 400 mmHg (n=6), definida por meio de sorteio. Durante estro, a atividade ovariana das ?guas foi monitorada diariamente atrav?s da t?cnica ultrassonogr?fica transretal at? que o maior fol?culos atingisse pelo menos 35mm de di?metro e edema endometrial grau 2,5 durante a avalia??o ultrassonogr?fica, quando ent?o administrou-se 1000UI de hCG, por via endovenosa. Aproximadamente 24 horas ap?s a administra??o de hCG as ?guas foram submetidas a exame ultrassonogr?fico a cada seis horas para avalia??o folicular. Caso houvesse indica??o iminente de ovula??o ou forma??o de fol?culo hemorr?gico, o mesmo seria imediatamente aspirado. As aspira??es ocorreram em 32,45?1,92h ap?s a aplica??o do hCG fazendo uso de ultrassom equipado com um transdutor convexo de 5,0mHz com guia de polietileno contendo uma agulha de duplo l?men de 12G. O fluido folicular coletado de cada fol?culo foi congelado e o conte?do aspirado transferido para uma Placa de Petri e examinado minuciosamente ao estereomicrosc?pio para localiza??o dos o?citos. Para avaliar estatisticamente o efeito das diferentes press?es sobre a recupera??o oocit?ria, foi utilizado o teste Qui-Quadrado (a 5% de signific?ncia) e Fisher Exato, quando recomendado. A taxa de recupera??o foi de 31,57% (6/19), sendo 16,66 % (1/6) no G150, 42,85 % (3/7) no G280 e 33,33 % (2/6) no G400. N?o houve diferen?a entre os grupos (p>0,05). Atrav?s dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo ? poss?vel concluir que a press?o negativa da bomba de v?cuo utilizada n?o ? o determinante para elevar a recupera??o oocit?ria, possivelmente havendo outros fatores atuando de modo mais importante.

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Pečmanová, Jana. "Vybrané nástroje politického marketingu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71897.

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