Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Negatives'
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1
De, Freitas Leslie J. (Leslie Jill). "The syntax of sentential negation : interactions with case, agreement, and (in)definiteness." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41360.
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This thesis undertakes to refine our understanding of the syntactic properties of sentential negation. The proposed analyses operate at the juncture of recent innovations to Case, Agreement, and X-bar theories, within a Government and Binding framework. Case is checked in a Specifier/Head configuration whenever possible, and agreement is analyzed as the reflex of a Case-checking operation at S-structure. The proposal that the inventory of functional categories available in Universal Grammar includes a Negation Phrase (NegP) is adopted as a point of departure.In the context of this investigation, certain syntactic properties are attributed to the head and specifier of NegP. It is proposed that the specifier of NegP provides an A-position in which NPs may be Case-checked. S-structure Case-checking is reflected in agreement marking on the negative head. Evidence for LF Case-checking in this position is derived from the Case-licensing of direct objects in negated clauses in Colloquial Welsh and Russian. Definiteness effects are analyzed as due to constraints on an additional Case-licensing option required if negation blocks Case assignment under government. Variations in agreement patterns in affirmative and negative relative clauses in Literary and Colloquial Welsh are attributed to the barrier status of the head of NegP.
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Piñar, Larrubia Pilar. "Negative polarity licensing and negative concord in the Romance languages." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187478.
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The purpose of this study is to contribute to the investigation of the semantics and syntax of Negative Words (N-words) in negative concord languages, with a focus on Spanish. An in-depth look into the syntactic behavior as well as into the meaning of terms such as nadie 'nobody', nada 'nothing', nunca 'never', etc., will provide some insight into the controversial nature of these words in the Romance languages as well as a better understanding of their peculiar pattern of distribution. On a larger picture, a thorough investigation of the semantics and syntax of these items will, in turn, contribute to a better understanding of the nature of negative polarity items in general. Thus, as I just anticipated, my conclusion is that N-words are in fact equivalent to negative polarity items, and that the phenomenon of negative concord, by which, in some languages, various negative items contribute only one semantic negation to a sentence, is a subcase of the crosslinguistic phenomenon of negative polarity licensing. In this respect, my analysis of N-words builds on the analyses of Bosque (1980) and Laka (1990). I base my conclusion that N-words are negative polarity items upon an extensive survey of comparative data coming from different Romance languages as well as from English, and I bring up new data and arguments supporting my view on the issue. In addition to arguing for the negative polarity nature of N-words, I also explore the extent to which syntactic operations are involved in the licensing of N-words, and I provide evidence showing that N-word licensing does not directly involve syntactic movement (contra most standard assumptions). Finally, in my investigation of the nature of N-words, I go beyond simply identifying them as negative polarity items. Specifically, I look deeply into the logicosemantic contribution of N-words, and I present arguments and data showing that N-words do not have either negative or any other kind of quantificational force. Rather, as I argue, they are better characterized as logicosemantic variables (in the sense of Kamp 1981 and Heim 1982.) In this regard, I depart from Bosque's (1980) and Laka's (1990) characterization of N-words. My view is more radical than theirs in that I do not just claim that N-words do not have inherent negative content, but also that they do not have any quantificational force of their own at all.
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Carstens, Andries Theunis. "Digitising photographic negatives and prints for preservation." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1355.
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A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND DESIGN
OF THE CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MAGISTER TECHNOLOGIAE
PHOTOGRAPHY
CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
2013This study deals with the pitfalls and standards associated with the digitisation of photographic artefacts in formal collections. The popularity of the digital medium caused a rapid increase in the demand for converting images into digital files. The need for equipment capable of executing the task successfully, the pressure on collection managers to display their collections to the world and the demand for knowledge needed by managers and operators created pressure to perform optimally and often in great haste. As a result of the rush to create digital image files to be displayed and to be preserved, the decisions that are being made may be questionable. The best choice of file formats for longevity, setting and maintaining standards to guarantee quality digital files and consultation with experts in the field of digitisation as well as attention to best practices are important aspects which must be considered. In order to determine the state of affairs in countries with an advanced knowledge and experience in the field of digitisation, a comprehensive literature study was done. It was found that enough information exists to enable collection managers in South Africa to make well informed decisions to ensure a high quality of digital collection. By means of questionnaires, a survey was undertaken amongst selected Western Cape image preservation institutions to determine the level of knowledge of the managers who are required to make informed decisions. The questionnaire was designed to give insight into choices being made regarding the technical quality, workflow and best practice aspects of digitisation. Comparing the outcome of the questionnaires with best practices and recommended standards in countries with an advanced level of experience it was found that not enough of this experience and knowledge is used by local collection managers although readily available. In some cases standards are disregarded completely. The study also investigated by means of questionnaires the perception of the digital preservation of image files by fulltime photographic students and volunteer members of the Photographic Society of South Africa. It was found that uncertainty exist within both groups with regard to file longevity and access to files in five to ten year's time. Digitisation standards are set and maintained by the use of specially designed targets which enable digitising managers to maintain control over the quality of the digital content as well as monitoring of equipment performance. The use of these targets to set standards were investigated and found to be an accurate and easy method of maintaining control over the standard and quality of digital files. Suppliers of digitising equipment very often market their equipment as being of a high quality and being able to fulfil the required digitisation tasks. Testing selected digitising equipment by means of specially designed targets proved however that potential buyers of equipment in the high cost range should be very cautious about suppliers' claims without proof of performance. Using targets to verify performance should be a routine check before any purchase. The study concludes with recommendations of implementing standards and it points to potential future research.
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Di, Pietro Giovanna. "Silver mirroring on silver gelatin glass negatives /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_6232.
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LAHAYE, NATHALIE. "Regulation des externalites negatives, cooperation et reseaux d'interactions." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR1EC03.
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L'internalisation des effets externes est classiquement abordee sous l'angle d'une regulation centralisee. Or, nous observons des initiatives collectives de lutte contre la pollution et une plus grande implication des acteurs economiques dans la conduite des mesures de la politique environnementale. Le developpement de solutions negociees et cooperatives semble ainsi en contradiction avec l'analyse traditionnelle des problemes environnementaux, ou la regulation se deroule dans le cadre du marche ou dans un cadre administre. Une forte presomption sur l'incapacite des acteurs economiques a reguler eux-memes les effets externes negatifs domine la litterature. Il manque en consequence une theorie de l'action collective en situation de pertes, ou les acteurs s'organisent volontairement pour reduire la pollution. C'est dans la perspective de l'elaboration d'un modele de l'action collective en presence d'externalites negatives que se situe donc cette recherche. Nous etudions, en nous appuyant sur les outils micro-economiques, les conditions d'existence d'une regulation cooperative des problemes environnementaux. Cette regulation decentralisee est organisee autour de processus de negociation et prend appui sur des accords de cooperation entre les differentes parties concernees. La solution de cooperation depend du jeu des interactions entre les acteurs, influence par le reseau des interdependances physiques directement issues des pollutions emises, par les liens de proximite, constitutifs du reseau socio-economique et par le contexte politico-juridique. Pour differentes configurations du reseau physique, la prise en compte d'interactions localisees modifie et complete l'analyse de la regulation des questions environnementales, en fournissant une justification de l'importance des liens de proximite dans l'emergence d'une strategie collective de lutte contre la pollutionThe internalization of negative externalities is usually approached from the standpoint of centralized regulation. However, we are now witnessing the arrival of collective anti-pollution initiatives and a greater involvement of economic actors in the implementation of the environmental policy measures. The development of co-operative negotiated solutions would therefore appear to be in contradiction to the traditional analysis of environmental question, in which regulation is either market-driven or imposed by state. In literature on the subject there is a general presumption that economic actors are unable to regulate negatives externalities on their own. Consequently, there is not theory of collective action in a loss situation, in which those involved would voluntarily formulate measures to reduce pollution. Our research has therefore been conducted with a view to formulating a model of collective action in the presence of negative externalities. Using micro-economic tools, we have examined the conditions likely to engender co-operative regulation of environmental problems. Decentralized regulation hinges on negotiation processes and is founded on cooperation agreements between the parties concerned. The solution retained depends on the interplay between those involved. This game is influenced by the physical interdependencies arising directly out of the pollution emitted, by the neighbourhood relationships that make up the socio-economic network and by the political and legal context. For various configurations of the physical network, the consideration of localized interaction modifies and completes the analysis of the regulation of environmental issues by providing proof of the importance of neighbourhood relationships in the emergence of a collective anti-pollution strategy
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Pagano, Adriana Silvina. "A pragmatic study of negatives in written text." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1991. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/157672.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Comunicação e ExpressãoMade available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T16:58:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 82264.pdf: 5418970 bytes, checksum: 1f0eb0fafba952302d5d34c219ef2885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991
Aborda o tópico da negação sob uma perspectiva pragmática com o objetivo de esclarecer o uso de negativas no texto escrito. Com este fim, exemplos de negativas de diversas fontes escritas foram coletados e suas funções no texto foram analisadas levando-se em consideração o contexto em que aparecem. Estes dados foram coletados sob três perspectivas, correspondentes as três funções de linguagem demonstradas por Halliday: interpessoal, textual e ideacional as conclusões desta análise apontam para o papel significativo que tem as suposições de um escritor sobre as expectativas de seu leitor ideal e o modo pelo qual essas suposições influenciam a construção de mensagem do escritor. Este estudo proporcionou um maior entendimento sobre a maneira pela qual os textos são produzidos enfatizando especialmente a natureza interativa da comunicação escrita.
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Saal, Elvis Ockert. "Ontkenning in Malmesbury-Afrikaans: 'n Kontekstuele verkenning." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1994. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_5061_1177918100.
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NEGATION is a semantic feature found mainly on clause/sentence level. Negation in Afrikaans is characterised by (a) NEG1-forms represented by various particles which are located within the major constituents of the sentence (eg. in the auxiliary, as part of the subject-nominal etc.), and (b) NEG2 that is the closing particle (= NIE2) in sentence-final position.
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Papeikaitė, Irma. "Negation im Deutschen und Litauischen. Kontrastive Analyse." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060613_153249-12906.
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Boziaris, Ioannis S. "Bacterial injury and sensitisation of gram-negatives to nisin." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842954/.
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Nisin is a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, which is active against Gram-positive organisms including bacterial spores. It is not generally active against Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Gram negatives show nisin-sensitivity when their outer membrane permeability is altered by various means, such as treatments with chelators, e.g. EDTA, osmotic shock, heating, freezing, freeze-drying, high- pressure etc. Application of chelators and nisin is effective against Gram-negatives when exogenous nisin is added. Nisin produced in situ and chelators are not an effective combination, since nisin production follows the pH drop caused by sugar fermentation, and this interferes with the sequestering ability of the chelators. Presence of nisin during thermal inactivation of Gram-negatives though is effective. Bacteria become structurally injured during heating showing sensitivity to agents like SDS and deoxycholate and extended detection times by impedimetry. These injured bacteria are inactivated by nisin, with a concomitant reduction of the measured D-values. Low pH and the presence of small amount of chelators enhance the injury and inactivation and reduce D-values further. Gram-negative bacteria injured by chilling and freezing are also sensitive to nisin. The effectiveness of nisin is reduced in a food environment mostly of nisin binding to fat, and food particles. D-values were decreased less or not at all in egg white and liquid whole egg, respectively, and rapid chilling of bacteria attached to chicken skin in presence of nisin did not give the effect seen in laboratory media. Nisin is active against heat-, chill-, and freezing-stressed Gram-negatives only if it is present during the treatments. When the stress factor is removed, the bacteria recover their nisin resistance, implying transient susceptibility to nisin, but not to smaller molecules. This is probably due to rapid reorganisation and restoration of OM permeability damage, rather than biochemical repair. The LPS chain length influences the sensitisation of Gram-negatives to nisin, only in the case of freezing, where the strain with the shorter LPS chain was more sensitive than the wild type. Heat-, and freezing-stressed bacteria lost lipopolysaccharides and increased their cell surface hydrophobicity. This was not seen with chill-stressed bacteria, which were sensitive to nisin though. This indicates that release of LPS is not a prerequisite for nisin sensitivity in Gram-negatives.
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MONTEMBAULT, VALERIE. "Etude des sources acoustiques associees aux decharges corona negatives." Le Mans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEMA1024.
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Ce memoire est consacre a l'etude des caracteristiques electriques et acoustiques de haut-parleurs ioniques, egalement appele haut-parleurs a plasma. Ce type de haut-parleur presente l'avantage de ne faire intervenir aucun element mecanique mobile (par exemple une membrane), puisque l'onde sonore est generee par l'action directe de particules chargees sur les molecules neutres au sein d'un gaz ionise. L'etude se limite au cas de transducteurs pour lesquels le gaz ionise est genere et entretenu par des decharges electriques de type corona negatives. Un travail theorique a permis de developper une modelisation simplifiee du champ de pression genere par le haut-parleur. Ainsi la variation de pression acoustique est ecrite sous la forme de la somme de deux termes, l'un a caractere monopolaire et l'autre a caractere dipolaire, respectivement relatifs aux transferts de quantite de chaleur entre les electrons et les particules neutres, et de quantite de mouvement entre les ions negatifs et les particules neutres du gaz ionise. Parallelement a l'etude theorique, un nouveau dispositif experimental a ete mis en place afin de mesurer l'impedance electrique (statique et dynamique) de haut-parleurs pointe-plan ou multipointes-plan, ainsi que leur directivite. Les resultats experimentaux ont ete confrontes aux differentes modelisations proposees, et un premier bilan energetique du transducteur a ete dresse. L'evolution du rendement a ete etudie en fonction des divers parametres geometriques et electriques du transducteur. Ce travail constitue ainsi une premiere approche de l'optimisation de ce type de source acoustique.
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Leggio, Angeletta, and n/a. "An investigation into the use of digital techology to manage deteriorating cellulose acetate negatives." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050627.152525.
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This thesis aims to examine the issues involved in utilising digital images and
assess whether image processing techniques can be used as a cost-effective
method of reconstructing the image found in a deteriorated cellulose acetate
negative.
Negatives affected by the vinegar syndrome are found in large numbers within
Australian institutions. This was confirmed by a survey (using a questionnaire)
undertaken at the National Library of Australia in 2000. The survey also found
that although these collections are large, and hence the level of deterioration
variable, little could be done to restore any of the negatives once deterioration had
begun.
Storing negatives at low temperature and low relative humidity slows down the
breakdown of cellulose acetate; however, it cannot reverse the process once it has
commenced. Although removing the gelatine pellicular from the deteriorated
cellulose acetate support (making the image easier to view) a possible method of
restoration, this becomes unfeasible when dealing with a large collection. As a
result, how to manage cellulose acetate negatives once they have deteriorated
becomes problematic.
Image-processing techniques used to digitally restore these negatives were
examined via a series of case studies. These examinations were undertaken using
two software packages-the Image Processing Tool kit (IPTK) and OPTIMAS.
Deteriorated cellulose acetate negatives were scanned, then a number of program
filters were applied to the digital image to determine whether disfiguring elements
(referred to as channelling elements) resulting from the deteriorated support could
be digitally removed.
IPTK and OPTIMAS were not completely successful in removing the deteriorated
elements from the digital version. The results highlighted that a number of issues
relating to the use of digital technology needed to be addressed. These issues
included knowledge of basic technical terms, an understanding of digital
language, and how to include the use of digital technology into a long-term
strategy for archiving a digitised collection.
This thesis showed that issues relating to utilising digital systems could be
addressed by implementing a preservation management plan. A preservation
management plan can be used to incorporate the goals of digitising, the long-term
issues of retaining digital files, ongoing access relating to the digital file, hardware
and software, and the importance of having the relevant expertise when
undertaking such a project.
Due to the limitations of the printed hardcopy displaying features in a number of
the images (figures) outlined in this thesis, a compact disk (CD) has been included
with this submission and can be found at the end of this document.
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Singla, Neha. "Blending Work and School: Positives and Negatives of the Interface." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4582.
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This study draws from the extensive research on work and family, and examined a model of the antecedents and outcomes of work-school conflict and work-school facilitation. As an extension of previous research on the work-school interface, the purpose of this study is two-fold. First, this study aimed to examine the impact of conflict and facilitation on personal health. Second, the study set out to investigate the role of emotional support from friends and family, and self-efficacy as moderators. Data were obtained from 329 full-time students who were also employed part-time. The model was tested using structural equation modeling techniques. One of the primary objectives of the study was partially supported as work-school conflict was negatively related to health-related outcomes (physical and psychological well-being). However, results did not support the other study hypotheses.
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Lambrinos, Grégoire. "Sublimation des milieux disperses congeles soumis a des temperatures negatives." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066637.
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Gut, Beat A. "Positives und negatives Kriechen in nahgeordneten Ni-20at. %Cr-Legierungs-Einkristallen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1992. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9716.
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Pollmann, Anna [Verfasser], and Yfaat [Herausgeber] Weiss. "Fragmente aus der Endzeit : Negatives Geschichtsdenken bei Günther Anders / Anna Pollmann." Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2019. http://www.v-r.de/.
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Jobela, Mthuthuzeli Todd. "Negative constructions in isiXhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51840.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aims at the investigation of negation in IsiXhosa with the main emphasis on negative morphemes and negative constituents. This study exammes negative morphemes that effect negation m verbs such as copulative and non-copulative verbs in all moods and tenses. This investigation will take the Noun Phrase as the centre of focus. NP will be examined with both specified and unspecified noun as head. Chapter one deals with the brief overview of negation in syntax with special emphasis on negation as an inflectional category and on the structure of functional phrases. Chapter two investigate the negative morphemes in the different moods with different tenses. These moods will be considered with regard to copulative and non-copulative verbs. Secondly this chapter explores negative construction involving the copulative verb and its complements which include the NP, adjective, relative, PP with NGA and PP with na. Deficient verbs properties are explored. Chapter three aims at investigating the possibilities of putting different constituents of a sentence in the negative. These possibilities include subject inversion, clefting and etc. Modal structure theory is applied. Chapter four aims at summarizing the findings contained in the previous chapters.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het as doel 'n ondersoek na die negatief in Xhosa, veral die negatiewe morfeme en die negatiewe konstituente. Dit ondersoek negatiewe morfeme wat 'n invloed het op die negatief in werkwoorde soos die kopulatiewe en nie-kopulatiewe werkwoorde in alle modi en tye. Hierdie ondersoek het as fokuspunt die naamwoordgroep. Die naamwoordgroep is ondersoek met 'n gespesifiseerde en niegespesifiseerde naamwoord as kern. Hoofstuk een gee 'n kort oorsig oor die negatief in sintaksis met spesiale nadruk op die negatief as 'n infleksie kategorie en op die struktuur van funksionele frases. Hoofstuk twee ondersoek die negatiewe morfeme in die verskillende modi met verskillende tye. Hierdie modi is ondersoek met verwysing na kopulatiewe en niekopulatiewe werkwoorde. Tweedens, ondersoek hierdie hoofstuk die negatiewe konstruksie met die kopulatiewe werkwoord en sy komplemente wat insluit die naamwoordgroep, adjektief, relatief en preposisionele groepe met nga en na. Die eienskappe van hulpwerkwoorde is ook ondersoek. Hoofstuk drie ondersoek die moontlikhede om verskillende konstituente van 'n sin in die negatiefte plaas. Hierdie moontlikhede sluit in subjeksinversie en split. Hoofstuk vier gee 'n opsomming van die bevindings in die vorige hoofstukke.
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Kramer, Annett. "Kultur der Verneinung : negatives Denken in Literatur und Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014599124&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Conte, Donato Ercole. "Etude et optimisation des interfaces dans les composites à base d'étain pour électrode négative d'accumulateur li-ion de haute énergie." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20064/document.
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Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce mémoire, est consacré à l'étude des interactions interfaciales entre une espèce active électrochimiquement (l'étain) et une matrice (le borophosphate) capable d'absorber les variations volumiques dues à la formation électrochimique des diverses compositions Li-Sn (« buffer »). L'objectif de cette étude est de comprendre la nature des réactions ayant lieu avec l'introduction du Li dans le matériau composite. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé une étude détaillée d'un composite de référence mis au point dans des études précédentes Sn-0,4 BPO4 ; nous avons évalué l'influence du type de matrice et de la voie de synthèse sur son comportement global. Le matériau composite a pu être décrit comme possédant une interface vitreuse contenant de l'étain oxydé (SnII) qui lui donne la structuration suivante : Elément actif Sn0(1-w)/SnIIwBxPyOz/BPO4 Phase support Interphase. Des études in situ operando complémentaires en diffraction des rayons X et spectrométrie Mößbauer ont permis d'analyser le comportement électrochimique du matériau composite : un premier processus correspond à l'extrusion d'une petite partie d'étain métallique de la zone interfaciale qui augmente la conductivité électronique du composite ; il est suivi par une réorganisation de l'interface avec extrusion de tout le contenu en étain et la formation des premières compositions Li-Sn. Enfin, le cyclage galvanostatique se poursuit grâce à la formation de plusieurs compositions Li-Sn riches en étain (Li2Sn5 et LiSn) et puis enrichies en lithium (Li13Sn5 et Li7Sn2)The Phd work, presented in this manuscript, is devoted to the study of the interface interactions between an electroactive species (tin) and a matrix (borophosphate). The latter has a buffer role and is thus able to absorb the volume variations taking place during the Li-Sn electrochemical reaction.The aim of this study is to understand the nature of the reactions occurring during lithium introduction in the composite. In order to do that, a detailed study of a previously studied reference composite (Sn-0,4 BPO4) has been undertaken. The effect of some modified matrixes as well as the synthesis route has also been evaluated. The composite material can be described as having a glassy interface containing some oxidized tin (SnII) which leads to the following global structure: Active element Sn0(1-w)/SnIIwBxPyOz/BPO4 Buffering phase Interphase. A complementary in situ operando study (X-ray diffraction and Mößbauer spectroscopy) gave the possibility to analyze the electrochemical behavior of the material. A first process corresponds to a small tin extrusion from the interfacial zone. This contributes to the increase of the electrical conductivity of the composite material which is followed by the interphase reorganization with the extrusion of the whole tin content. Li-Sn reactions take place then, with the galvanostatic cycling going on between the tin rich compositions (Li2Sn5 and LiSn) and the lithium rich ones (Li13Sn5 and Li7Sn2)
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Bauda, Pascale BLOCK JEAN CLAUDE. "ACCUMULATION ET TOXICITE DU CADMIUM CHEZ LES BACTERIES GRAM NEGATIVES : ROLE DES ENVELOPPES BACTERIENNES /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1986. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1986/Bauda.Pascale.SMZ8603.pdf.
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Ter, Horst Paulus Willem. "The classification of negative polarity items evidence from Dutch and Afrikaans." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002647.
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In this thesis I discuss the problem of negative polarity items (NPls). NPis are items that have to be licensed by a certain group of expressions. In this group of expressions which can trigger NPIs we find, among other things: negations, adversative expressions, questions and conditionals. I show that there is an important problem for a grammatical approach to negative polarity: the group of expressions which can licence NPls can't be adequately defined in a grammatical way. There is, however, a semantic way of defining the group of expressions that can licence NPIs. In semantics the group is often referred to as the group of "triggers". It can be proven logically that the group of triggers can be divided into four subgroups: a group of downward-entailing expressions, antimultiplicative expressions, anti-additive expressions and antimorphic expressions. By carrying out a corpus study I find evidence for the hypothesis that the way in which NPIs are licenced by the triggers with different logical properties originates from the different grammatical classes of NPIs (negative polarity nouns, negative polarity adjectives and negative polarity verbs). Since there is evidence for this causal relation, I argue that a grammatical approach to NPI-triggering is necessary from a formal point of view. I give a Minimalist account of NPI-triggering. To make the Minimalist Program suitable for NPI-triggering I have to assume, however, that the semantic information about triggers is available in the lexicon of the MP.
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Malete, Elias Nyefolo. "Negation in Sesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52352.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.English Abstract: This research project examines the syntax of negative sentence constructions in Sesotho and explores implications of the empirical data on negation within the framework of the Minimalist Program. According to Minimalist Program, language consists of a lexicon and Computational System where the operations Merge and Move generate sets of structural descriptions, it is driven by the principle of economy, which entails that movement should take place only when necessary for the purpose of Case feature checking. It is also concerned with the expansion of syntactic structures in terms of X-bar theoretic properties, where functional category gives full categorical status. This project further considered the morphology of negation in Sesotho where Sesotho data is refined within the Lexeme-morpheme base morphology, where bound grammatical morphemes such as the negative morphemes in Sesotho are defined in terms of morphological spelling operations. Within these two theoretical frameworks, sentence constructions which realize negation by means of negative morphemes over a full range of tense, aspect and mood distinctions were examined, including sentence construction that realize negation in subordinate clauses as well as those that entail issues of topic and focus, and scope of negation. Constituent negation, with constituents such as subjects, objects and adjuncts is also investigated. Various ways of negating constituents in Sesotho were examined: they are cleft sentences, pseudo-cleft sentences, sentence construction with locative AgrS [ ho ] and sentence constructions with subject inversion as well as sentences where constituents are negated within the VP. All these methods were considered with regard to noncopulative and copulative verbs. The issue of focus which entails plain focus, restrictive and contrastive foci, the issue of topic, which entails stage topics, modified topics and multiple topics are investigated and interpreted within the Focus Structure theory, a theory which assigns focus structures to sentences of the language. Negative sentences are assigned two focus structure viz. main focus structure and the subordinate focus structure. Finally, this study also looks into the scope of negation in Sesotho, where negative criterion (Neg-criterion) stipulates various positions of negative morphemes or words which in turn determines the scope of negation. Scope of negation is also examined in terms of focus, with constituents such as NP's, NP Lac's and NP's in subordinate clauses.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingsprojek ondersoek die sintaksis van konstruksies met negatiewe sinne in Sesotho en gaan die implikasies na van die empiriese data oor ontkenning binne die raamwerk van die Minimalistiese Program. Volgens die Minimalistiese Program, bestaan taal uit In leksikon en In rekenaarsisteem waar die bewerkinge Saamsmelt en Skuif versamelings strukturele beskrywings genereer, dit word aangedryf deur die beginsel van ekonomie wat inhou dat Skuif slegs plaasvind wanneer dit nodig is vir die doel van die nagaan van die Kasus kenmerk: dit het ook te doen met die uitbreiding van sintaktiese strukture in terme van die teoretiese kenmerke van die X-balk, waar die funksionele kategorie volle kategoriale status verkry. Dié projek het ook verder die morfologie van ontkenning in Sesotho oorweeg waar die Sesotho data verfyn is binne die Lekseem-Morfeem Basis Morfologie, waar grammatikale morfeme soos die negatiewe morfeme in Sesotho gedefinieer word in terme van morfologiese spellingsbewerkings. Binne hierdie twee teoretiese raamwerke, is daar ondersoek ingestel na sinskonstruksies wat negatief realiseer deur middel van negatiewe morfeme binne In volledige reeks van onderskeidinge van tyd, aspek en modus, insluitende sinskonstruksies waar die negatief realiseer in die bysin, asook daardie negatiewe wat gaan oor sake soos Topiek en Fokus, en die omvang van ontkenning. Konstituent ontkenning is ondersoek waaronder konstituente soos onderwerpe, voorwerpe en adjunkte. Verskeie wyses om konstituente in Sesotho te ontken is ondersoek, naamlik: klef en pseudo-klef sinne, sinskonstruksie met die lokatiewe kongruensie [ho] en sinskonstruksies met subjeksinversie asook sinne waar konstituente ontken word binne In werkwoordfrase. AI hierdie wyses is nagegaan met nie-kopulatiewe en kopulatiewe werkwoorde. Die probleem van fokus is ondersoek wat insluit eenvoudige fokus, beperkende en kontrastiewe fokus, asook die probleem van topiek wat verskeie soorte topiek insluit. Hierdie ondersoek is gedoen en uiteindelik geïnterpreteer binne die Fokus Sruktuur teorie, In teorie wat fokusstrukture toeken aan sinne van In taal. Negatiewe sinne word twee fokusstrukture toegeken, naamlik: die hoof fokus struktuur en die onderskikkende fokus struktuur. Laastens het die studie ook gekyk na die omvang ('scope') van ontkenning in Sesotho waar die negatiewe kriterium verskeie posisies van negatiewe morfeme of woorde stipuleer wat dan weer die omvang van ontkenning bepaal. Die omvang van ontkenning is ook ondersoek in terme van fokus waar kontrastiewe fokus die uitbreiding van omvang bepaaloor konstituente soos naamwoordfrases, lokatiewe naamwoordfrases en naamwoordfrases in onderskikkende klouse.
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Strohschoen, Cristina. "Quando o patrimônio é uma imagem que quebra: políticas de acesso e preservação de coleções fotográficas de negativos de vidro." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10988.
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Brazilian cultural heritage is dispersed in archives, museums and libraries, all memory
centers with a common focus: to collect conservation and make society memory available to
its users and researchers. In archives the medium are many, manuscript documents,
audiovisual, sound and bibliographical materials. The present study concentrated to
investigate a specific documental medium, the glass negative. Invented in 1848, the glass
negative was the main documental medium for photographic images until 1888 when the
flexible negative film was invented. Therefore, visual information sources about the Brazilian
history from the second half of the XIX Century still exists because at that time the existing
medium for image sensitization was the glass plate. It was in this medium, that images from
the end of Brazil Empire and early Republic of Brazil were produced, using heavy wood
photography cameras, the so called Lambe-lambe . The importance of this documental
medium glass negative as a research source for Brazilian and World history was proven
after incursions in literature and research in Brazilian photographic heaps. It was found that
photography is a powerful mean of visual communication besides its value as information
source and documental heritage. This premise imposes the cultural institutions that custody
these documental type the need to define specific policies to them. Under the light of
conservation, access and diffusion which constitute the theoretical reference and
chronologically determining the invention of the different photographic processes, this study
analyzed conservation and access policies that are adopted by photographic documentation
centers that custody glass negative heaps, based in the policies from two cultural institutions
with similar heap, objectives and institutional goals but, with climatic differences due to its
geographical location, the South and Northeast regions of Brazil. It was ratified the
importance of the archivist functions: preservation and preventive conservation to the long
term duration of documents; the access, the need to create research instruments that
guarantee access to the images content and, cultural editorial and educative diffusion.
Involving all this, there is the need of continuous planning programs the policies. As a
result of this study and to meet the requirements of a Vocational Masters Program, we
produced a Guide with the adequate procedures to preserve photographic documents,
especially in the glass negative medium, that aims at orientating archivists, conservators,
historians, librarians, museum experts and other professionals about the correct procedures
for preventive conservation, preservation and image restoration of information kept in this
documental medium.Parte do patrimônio cultural brasileiro encontra-se disperso em arquivos, museus e bibliotecas, todos centros de memória com um objetivo comum: coletar, preservar e colocar a memória da sociedade à disposição de usuários e pesquisadores. Nos arquivos, os suportes materiais são os mais diversos: documentos manuscritos, audiovisuais, sonoros, bibliográficos. Este estudo deteve-se a investigar, dentro do universo dos acervos fotográficos, um suporte documental específico o negativo de vidro. Inventado em 1848, o negativo de vidro foi o principal suporte documental das imagens fotográficas no mundo até 1888, quando foi inventado o negativo em película flexível. Portanto, as fontes visuais de informação sobre a história brasileira da segunda metade do século XIX existem porque neste período o suporte existente para a sensibilização da imagem era a chapa de vidro. Foi nela que as imagens do final do Brasil Império e do início do Brasil República foram produzidas, por pesadas câmeras fotográficas de madeira - as famosas lambe-lambe. A importância do suporte documental negativo de vidro como fonte de pesquisa sobre a história mundial e brasileira foi comprovada mediante incursões na literatura e investigações em acervos fotográficos brasileiros. Verificou-se que a fotografia constitui-se em poderoso veículo de comunicação visual, além de seu valor como fonte de informação e como patrimônio documental. Esta premissa, por sua vez, impõe as instituições culturais custodiadoras deste tipo documental a necessidade de definir políticas específicas para as mesmas. À luz dos conceitos sobre preservação, acesso e difusão, os quais se constituíram nos referenciais teóricos; e situando cronologicamente a invenção dos diversos processos fotográficos, esse estudo analisou políticas de preservação e acesso adotadas por centros de documentação fotográfica detentoras de negativos de vidro com base naquelas identificadas em duas instituições culturais com semelhanças nos acervos preservados e nos objetivos e metas institucionais, porém, com diferenças climáticas devido a sua localização geográfica - nas regiões Sul e Nordeste do Brasil. Ratificou-se a importância das funções arquivísticas: a preservação e conservação preventiva para aumento da longevidade dos documentos; o acesso - a necessidade de elaboração de instrumentos de pesquisa para garantir o alcance ao conteúdo das imagens; e a difusão cultural, editorial e educativa. Permeando tudo isto, a necessidade da existência de programas como planejamentos contínuos as políticas. Como fruto deste estudo foi produzido o produto final exigido em mestrados profissionalizantes - um manual contendo os procedimentos adequados para a preservação do documento fotografia, especificamente no suporte documental negativo de vidro, que pretende orientar arquivistas, conservadores, historiadores, bibliotecários, museólogos e outros profissionais, nas ações pertinentes a conservação preventiva, preservação e restauração de imagens sobre este suporte documental.
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Soule, J. "Caregiver satisfaction : the positives and negatives of caring for someone with dementia or intellectual disabilities." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662286.
Full textAbstract:
Caregiver satisfaction, a common experience within caregiving, has been widely neglected in the literature to date. This study therefore aimed to assess levels of satisfaction between caregivers of individuals with dementia and caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities. In addition caregiver burden, caregiver wellbeing and care-recipient difficulties were also assessed. A cross-sectional independent groups design was used to assess differences between caregivers of individuals with dementia and carers of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Measures of caregiver satisfaction, caregiver burden, care-recipient difficulties and caregiver well-being were used. Caregiver satisfaction was found to be greater in carers of individuals with intellectual disabilities. There were no significant differences found in levels of caregiver burden, care-recipient difficulties or caregiver well-being between the two groups of carers. No effect of gender on caregiver satisfaction was found, however caregiver satisfaction was found to be related to kin relationship. The finding that caregiver satisfaction differs between different groups of caregivers may help resources to be allocated to those groups who are most in need. Limitations of this study, including a small sample size may have affected the results obtained and directions for future research, including a focus on more longitudinal studies that take into account care-recipient views are laid out.
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Casey, Leanne M. "Looking beyond the negatives : cognitive change and the working alliance in CBT for panic disorder /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16368.pdf.
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van, Compernolle Rémi A. "From "y as plus personne qui parle" to "plus personne ne dit rien": The variable use of the negative particle ne in synchronous French chat." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3601/.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyzes negative particle variation (i.e., the variable presence or absence of the negative particle ne) in synchronous French chat discourse within a labovian-inspired framework. Selected morphosyntactic, lexical, and phonological constraints are considered. Multivariate analyses performed by GoldVarb 2001 revealed that subject type (i.e., NP, [- overt] subject environment, pronoun) and the phonological environment preceding the position of neregardless of its presence or absenceare determining factors in the variation. In addition, discursive-pragmatic effect was explored in a sub-sample of data. The results indicate that ne is seldom present in verbal negation during explanatory discourse style, yet it is very likely to be retained in ludic, emphatic, and proverbial styles.
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Staab, Jenny. "Negation in context electrophysiological and behavioral investigations of negation effects in discourse processing /." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3284265.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2007.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 9, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-271).
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Kato, Akiko. "Interlanguage variation in pitch and forms of English negatives: The case of Japanese speakers of English." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289766.
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This study investigates systematic L2 variation in the level of prosody through analysis on six Japanese advanced ESL speakers' variable use of pitch prominence/non-prominence on and the contraction forms of not negatives (e.g., it isn't, it's not, it is not). Variable use of pitch and the forms of negatives was analyzed in terms of sociolinguistic strategies that fluent English L2 speakers should use to differentiate emphasis on negatives according to social contexts. The study examined the effects of 16 linguistic and sociolinguistic variables/factors on the L2 negative variation, and compared the results with equivalent data shown by L1 American-English speakers (Deckert & Yaeger-Dror, 1999; Yaeger-Dror, 1985, 1996, 1997), and by L1 Japanese speakers (Takano, 2001). Each ESL participant had interview conversations with four L1 American-English speakers who were varied by sex and status. The participants also read aloud passages from two American novels. These speech samples (approximately 27-hour speech) were audio-taped and transcribed to extract not negative tokens. In all, 1,329 negative tokens were used for analysis. Pitch was analyzed using a speech analysis computer program, and coded tokens were processed by the VARBRUL program for the variable rule analysis. The results showed that the L2 negative variation was constrained by immediate linguistic environments but not by sociolinguistic variables except for the reading versus conversation variable. This finding exhibited a sharp contrast with the variation patterns of both L1 English and L1 Japanese, where social contexts such as the interactive uses (pragmatic meanings) of negatives, interactional situations, and social identities of speakers and interlocutors clearly constrain the negative variation. The results also suggested that the L2 speakers' negative variation patterns were influenced by language developmental processes rather than by language or cultural transfer. The study concludes that it is important to have L2 English speakers notice sociolinguistic strategies in negative use through instruction, since development of competence in this feature will not otherwise be acquired.
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Sharpe, Dean. "The acquisition of natural language negation : a logical resources approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ44581.pdf.
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Young, Laura K. "Numerical Magnitude Knowledge: Are All Numbers Perceived Alike?" Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/449722.
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Educational PsychologyPh.D.
A robust knowledge of numbers, and their magnitudes, is thought to provide students a strong basis for later mathematics learning and achievement (see Siegler, 2016). The current study examined 7th grade students’ (N = 193) knowledge of numerical magnitudes, how this knowledge varied depending on the number’s type (integer or non-integer) and the number’s polarity (positive or negative), and the strategies that students use while estimating different types of numbers. The first experiment of the current study assessed students’ magnitude knowledge through a number line packet that used all-positive, all-negative, and bidirectional scales that spanned from negative to positive numbers; on these number line scales, students were asked to estimate whole numbers, fractions, and decimals. While prior literature has commonly assessed magnitude knowledge of positive integers (i.e., whole numbers) and non-integers (i.e., non-whole numbers), and the literature on negative numbers is growing, the current study is the first to directly explore students’ understanding of positive and negative magnitudes together with the use of all-negative and all-positive number line scales. Results from mixed linear models illustrated that a number’s polarity affects students’ estimates on the all-positive and all-negative scales, as estimates of negative and positive numbers differed in both accuracy and linearity. However, negative and positive estimates on the bidirectional scales were not significantly different from one another. Composite scores were created to reflect students’ performance on four types of number line scales, those that asked students to estimate positive integers, negative integers, positive non-integers, and negative non-integers. Analyses with these composite scores established that both polarity and number type separately affect students’ estimates—negative estimates had more error and were less linear than positive estimates, and non-integer estimates had more error and were less linear than integer estimates. The second experiment of this study used a think-aloud task to examine the strategies that students used while completing the number line task, and how these strategies differed depending on the number line’s overall scale, polarity, and the type of number being estimated (i.e., integers or non-integers). While some strategies were found to be prevalent across all types of number line scales, other strategy choices differed depending on the polarity of the scale, or the type of numbers being estimated. Findings from this study support the integrated theory of numerical development; mainly, that by the 7th grade students have integrated their knowledge of numbers into a unified system that houses both positive and negative numbers, and integers and non-integers. Educational implications are also discussed.
Temple University--Theses
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Cyrus, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Hochattraktiv oder nur nicht unattraktiv: Was zählt bei der Partnerwahl? - Vermeidung von Unattraktivität – ein negatives Attraktivitätskonzept? - / Kerstin Cyrus." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1003412254/34.
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Hafidouni, Mohamed. "Analyse inclusive des particules chargees negatives produites dans les interactions soufre sur plomb a 200 gev/c par nucleon." Strasbourg 1, 1992. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00389663.
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Les calculs de la chromodynamique quantique sur reseau montrent l'existence d'une transition de phase de la matiere hadronique a un plasma de quarks et de gluons. Cette transition de phase se produit aux alentours d'une temperature de 200 mev et la densite d'energie necessaire a la production du plasma de quarks et de gluons est de l'ordre de 2-3 gev/fm#3. De telles densites d'energie peuvent etre atteintes dans des collisions d'ions lourds sur des noyaux a haute energie. Le present travail a porte sur l'analyse de donnees soufre sur plomb a une energie de 200 gev. Plus exactement, il a consiste en la correction des distributions de multiplicite, d'impulsion transverse et de pseudorapidite des particules chargees negatives. La temperature et la densite d'energie estimees a partir de ces distributions sont de l'ordre de celles predites par les calculs de chromodynamique quantique sur reseau
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Holznagel, Sascha [Verfasser]. "Zustimmung als negatives Tatbestandsmerkmal. : Dekonstruktion der Zweiteilungslehre und Rekonstruktion einer einheitlichen Zustimmungsdogmatik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung subjektiver Wirksamkeitshindernisse. / Sascha Holznagel." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1238486126/34.
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Gould, Rebecca J. "The Variable use of ne in Negative Structures: An Apparent-Time Variationist Study of Synchronous Electronic French Discourse." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33157/.
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This study of the variable use of ne in synchronous electronic French discourse follows the methodological guidelines and the theoretical framework proposed and subsequently elaborated by Labov for analyzing variable features of language. This thesis provides a quantitative variable rule (i.e., VARBRUL) analysis including age as a factor group (i.e., independent variable), thereby making a new contribution to this area of inquiry. The data (50,000 words from the vingtaine 'twentysomething' channel and 50,000 words from the cinquantaine 'fiftysomething' channel) are a subset of 100,000 words from a corpus of one million words collected in 2008 by the thesis director from the public chat server EuropNet. This study aims to answer the following overarching question: To what extent does age-compared to other factors-influence the variable use of ne in verbal negation in synchronous electronic French discourse? In order to answer this question, and possibly others, the VARBRUL analysis will include age, subject (e.g., noun vs. pronoun), type of second negative particle (e.g., pas 'not', jamais 'never', personne 'no one'/'nobody', and so forth), as well as verbal mood/tense.
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Faria, Helder Henrique de [UNESP]. "Eficácia de gestão de unidades de conservação gerenciadas pelo Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101436.
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Para muitos autores, as unidades de conservação da natureza, ou áreas protegidas, são ou serão os últimos baluartes da conservação estrita da biodiversidade, sendo esta razão, não excludente de outras, a principal motivadora para a existência de uma gestão verdadeiramente eficaz, que conduza ao alcance dos objetivos para os quais elas são criadas. A avaliação da eficácia de gestão através de procedimentos metodológicos estruturados com base na utilização de indicadores é uma importante ferramenta de suporte à gestão, pois possibilita a coleta periódica e sistemática sobre a qualidade da gestão, facilita a priorização de assistências e investimentos pontuais e a realimentação do sistema gerencial. Nesta pesquisa, verificou-se a eficácia de gestão de unidades de conservação de São Paulo adotando-se e adaptando-se um procedimento metodológico desenvolvido originalmente na Costa Rica, posteriormente adaptado à realidade das unidades de conservação de vários países da América Latina. Os princípios do procedimento são o uso de indicadores e critérios estritos para a qualificação, associados a uma escala de valoração geral. O universo do estudo envolveu 59 áreas gerenciadas pelo Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, sendo 41 do grupo de proteção integral e 18 do grupo de uso sustentável, totalizando 69% do total das UCs e quase 90% da superfície total sob a guarda da organização, representando 782.622,25ha. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a bibliografia disponível sobre o sistema em análise, oficinas de avaliação coletiva, entrevistas e visitas a áreas previamente selecionadas. A análise dos indicadores e das ameaças demonstraram as debilidades da organização e a fragilidade com que a gestão de muitas unidades de conservação é levada a termo...
For many authors, the conservation units (UCs) or protected areas are or will be the last bastions of the strict conservation of biodiversity, being this reason (not exculpatory of others) one of the main reasons for the existence of a truly effective management, that leads to the reach of the objectives for which they are created. The evaluation of the effectiveness management through structuralized procedures on the basis of the use of pointers is an important tool of support to the management, therefore it makes possible the periodic and systematic collection on the quality of the management, it makes easier and gives priority to help and prompt investments and the feedback of the management system. In this research adopting themselves developed methodological procedure from Costa Rica, later adapted to the reality of the protected areas of some countries from Latin America. The principles of the procedure are the strict use of indicators and criteria for the qualification, associates to a scale of general valuation. The universe of the study involved 59 protected areas managed for the Forest Institute of São Paulo, being 41 of the group of integral protection and 18 of the group of sustainable use, totalizing 69% of the total of UCs and almost 90% of the total surface under the guard of the organization, representing 782.622,25ha. For the data collection, has been used available bibliography on the system in analysis, workshops of collective evaluation, interviews and technical visits the areas previously selected. The indicators and the threats analysis had demonstrated to the debility of the organization and the fragility with that the management of many units of conservation is taken the term. The majority of the UCs had the management classified as inferior and medium standards of quality, demonstrating as many negative aspects as positive, unfortunately reigning the first ones... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Terrasa, Torres Mateo. "El alma oscura del juego: Teoría y motivos recurrentes de la dificultad como estética ludoficcional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673118.
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[spa] La presente tesis aborda el reto como un elemento intrínseco del lenguaje del juego y el videojuego. Además del reto de habilidad o intelectual, proponemos que la dificultad es también un elemento clave en la construcción e interpretación del videojuego desde la estética.
El reto es un conjunto de obstáculos que se oponen al avance del jugador y que, al mismo tiempo, ejercen de motivación para alcanzar el triunfo personal. En este sentido, la dominación del sistema lúdico está vinculado a las reglas que les dan forma y las mecánicas que dan agencia al jugador. Pero el reto, en tanto que obstáculo, puede expresarse de diferentes formas: puede ser un obstáculo interpretativo o poético, cuando explora las singularidades formales y discursivas del medio; puede darse como un obstáculo ético, al situar al jugador frente una situación comprometida, donde se desdibujan los difusos contornos morales; también pueden introducir al jugador dentro de un puzle narrativo que debe desentrañar para alcanzar su comprensión; también puede abordar temáticas complejas desde perspectivas comprometidas, construir atmósferas terroríficas que integran al jugador en un entorno oscuro que evoca las sensaciones del cine y la literatura de terror, retorcer las fantasías de poder implícitas del medio para transformarlas en fantasías de impotencia o crear experiencias de vértigo, de abandonarse a las sensaciones y los placeres.
Estos ejemplos describen formas expresivas del reto que se traducen en la experiencia de la dificultad, experiencia que puede provocar sufrimiento y emociones negativas que no se traducen en experiencias negativas. Por ello tampoco podemos obviar el papel del jugador como eje vertebrador de la experiencia, pues su implicación con el texto ludoficcional, además de sus habilidades y perfil, son cuestiones imprescindibles al pensar en el videojuego como experiencia estética.
Desde esta perspectiva, es necesaria una aproximación postfenomenológica, puesto que nos permite incorporar todos estos aspectos y aproximarnos a las complejidades del videojuego como fenómeno imbricado a la cultura contemporánea.
Para profundizar en la dificultad en el videojuego como estética y ampliar el lenguaje del medio en torno a este concepto, proponemos una taxonomía de motivos estéticos construida mediante una propuesta metodológica propia: el triángulo MPF, una herramienta de análisis constituida sobre tres dimensiones relevantes de todo juego: las mecánicas, la performance y la ficción.[cat] La present tesi aborda el repte com un element intrínsec del llenguatge del joc i el videojoc. A més del repte d’habilitat o intel·lectual, proposem aquí que la dificultat és també un element clau en la construcció i interpretació del videojoc des de l'estètica. El repte és un conjunt d'obstacles que s'oposen a l'avanç del jugador i que, al mateix temps, exerceixen de motivació per a aconseguir el triomf personal. En aquest sentit, la dominació del sistema lúdic està vinculat a les regles que els donen forma i les mecàniques que donen agència al jugador. Però el repte, com a obstacle, pot expressar-se de diferents formes: pot ser un obstacle interpretatiu o poètic, quan explora les singularitats formals i discursives del mitjà; pot donar-se com un obstacle ètic, en situar al jugador front una situació compromesa, on es desdibuixen els difusos contorns morals; també poden introduir al jugador dins d'un puzle narratiu que ha de desentranyar per a aconseguir la seva comprensió; també pot abordar temàtiques complexes des de perspectives compromeses, construir atmosferes terrorífiques que integren al jugador en un entorn fosc que evoca les sensacions del cinema i la literatura de terror, retorçar les fantasies de poder implícites del mitjà per a transformar-les en fantasies d'impotència o crear experiències de vertigen, d'abandonar-se a les sensacions i els plaers. Aquests exemples descriuen formes expressives del repte que es tradueixen en l'experiència de la dificultat, experiència que pot provocar sofriment i emocions negatives que no es tradueixen en experiències negatives. Per això tampoc podem obviar el paper del jugador com a eix vertebrador de l'experiència, perquè la seva implicació amb el text ludoficcional, a més de les seves habilitats i perfil, són qüestions imprescindibles en pensar en el videojoc com a experiència estètica. Des d'aquesta perspectiva, és necessària una aproximació postfenomenològica, ja que ens permet incorporar tots aquests aspectes i aproximar-nos a les complexitats del videojoc com a fenomen imbricat a la cultura contemporània. Per a aprofundir en la dificultat al videojoc com a estètica i ampliar el llenguatge del mitjà entorn d'aquest concepte, proposem una taxonomia de motius estètics construïda mitjançant una proposta metodològica pròpia: el triangle MPF, una eina d'anàlisi constituïda sobre tres dimensions rellevants de tot joc: les mecàniques, la performance i la ficció.
[eng] This thesis addresses the challenge as an intrinsic element of games and video games language. In addition to skill or intellectual challenge, we propose here that difficulty is also a key element of the construction and interpretation of video games from the aesthetic point of view. A challenge is a set of obstacles that oppose the player's progress and that, at the same time, act as motivation to achieve personal success. In this sense, the domination of the game system is linked to the rules that shape them and the mechanics that gives agency to the player. But the challenge, as an obstacle, can be expressed in different ways: It can be as an interpretive or poetic obstacle, that explores the formal and discursive singularities of the medium; It may be expressed as an ethical obstacle, by placing the player in a compromising situation, that blurs the diffuse moral contours; they can also introduce the player into a narrative puzzle that he must unravel in order to understand it; It can also address complex themes from committed perspectives, build horror atmospheres that integrate the player into a dark environment that evokes sensations of horror movies and literature, break the implicit power fantasies of the medium to transform them into disempowerment fantasies or create experiences of vertigo, abandoning oneself to sensations and enjoyment. These examples describe expressive forms of challenge that translate into the experience of difficulty, an experience that can cause suffering and negative emotions that don’t turn into negative experiences. For this reason, we cannot ignore the role of the player as the centre of the experience, since his involvement with the ludofictional text, in addition to his skills and profile, are essential questions when thinking video games as an aesthetic experience. From this perspective, is necessary a postphenomenological approach since it allows us to include all these elements and get closer to the complexities of video games as a phenomenon embedded in contemporary culture. In order to deepen into the difficulty as aesthetic in video games and expand the language around this concept, we propose a taxonomy of aesthetic motifs built through our own methodological proposal: the MPF triangle, an analysis tool built on three relevant dimensions of all games: mechanics, performance and fiction.
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Berthelot, Jean-Marie. "Discussion nosologique de quatre cas de polyarthrites sero-negatives destructrices a predominance proximale chez des hommes de moins de cinquante ans." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT029M.
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Wong, Hoi-wah Winnie, and 黃凱華. "The influence of Cantonese in the acquisition of English negation among Cantonese ESL learners." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31963146.
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Faria, Helder Henrique de. "Eficácia de gestão de unidades de conservação gerenciadas pelo Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, Brasil /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101436.
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Orientador: Messias Modesto dos PassosBanca: Antonio Cézar Leal
Banca: Wolmar Apparecida Carvalho
Banca: Sueli Ângelo Furlan
Banca: Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa
Banca: Helder Henrique de Faria
Resumo: Para muitos autores, as unidades de conservação da natureza, ou áreas protegidas, são ou serão os últimos baluartes da conservação estrita da biodiversidade, sendo esta razão, não excludente de outras, a principal motivadora para a existência de uma gestão verdadeiramente eficaz, que conduza ao alcance dos objetivos para os quais elas são criadas. A avaliação da eficácia de gestão através de procedimentos metodológicos estruturados com base na utilização de indicadores é uma importante ferramenta de suporte à gestão, pois possibilita a coleta periódica e sistemática sobre a qualidade da gestão, facilita a priorização de assistências e investimentos pontuais e a realimentação do sistema gerencial. Nesta pesquisa, verificou-se a eficácia de gestão de unidades de conservação de São Paulo adotando-se e adaptando-se um procedimento metodológico desenvolvido originalmente na Costa Rica, posteriormente adaptado à realidade das unidades de conservação de vários países da América Latina. Os princípios do procedimento são o uso de indicadores e critérios estritos para a qualificação, associados a uma escala de valoração geral. O universo do estudo envolveu 59 áreas gerenciadas pelo Instituto Florestal de São Paulo, sendo 41 do grupo de proteção integral e 18 do grupo de uso sustentável, totalizando 69% do total das UCs e quase 90% da superfície total sob a guarda da organização, representando 782.622,25ha. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se a bibliografia disponível sobre o sistema em análise, oficinas de avaliação coletiva, entrevistas e visitas a áreas previamente selecionadas. A análise dos indicadores e das ameaças demonstraram as debilidades da organização e a fragilidade com que a gestão de muitas unidades de conservação é levada a termo... (Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: For many authors, the conservation units (UCs) or protected areas are or will be the last bastions of the strict conservation of biodiversity, being this reason (not exculpatory of others) one of the main reasons for the existence of a truly effective management, that leads to the reach of the objectives for which they are created. The evaluation of the effectiveness management through structuralized procedures on the basis of the use of pointers is an important tool of support to the management, therefore it makes possible the periodic and systematic collection on the quality of the management, it makes easier and gives priority to help and prompt investments and the feedback of the management system. In this research adopting themselves developed methodological procedure from Costa Rica, later adapted to the reality of the protected areas of some countries from Latin America. The principles of the procedure are the strict use of indicators and criteria for the qualification, associates to a scale of general valuation. The universe of the study involved 59 protected areas managed for the Forest Institute of São Paulo, being 41 of the group of integral protection and 18 of the group of sustainable use, totalizing 69% of the total of UCs and almost 90% of the total surface under the guard of the organization, representing 782.622,25ha. For the data collection, has been used available bibliography on the system in analysis, workshops of collective evaluation, interviews and technical visits the areas previously selected. The indicators and the threats analysis had demonstrated to the debility of the organization and the fragility with that the management of many units of conservation is taken the term. The majority of the UCs had the management classified as inferior and medium standards of quality, demonstrating as many negative aspects as positive, unfortunately reigning the first ones... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Doutor
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Hansén, Jacob, and Axel Gustafsson. "A Study on Comparison Websites in the Airline Industry and Using CART Methods to Determine Key Parameters in Flight Search Conversion." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254309.
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This bachelor thesis in applied mathematics and industrial engineering and management aimed to identify relationships between search parameters in flight comparison search engines and the exit conversion rate, while also investigating how the emergence of such comparison search engines has impacted the airline industry. To identify such relationships, several classification models were employed in conjunction with several sampling methods to produce a predictive model using the program R. To investigate the impact of the emergence of comparison websites, Porter's 5 forces and a SWOT - analysis were employed to analyze findings of a literature study and a qualitative interview. The classification models developed performed poorly with regards to several assessments metrics which suggested that there were little to no significance in the relationship between the search parameters investigated and exit conversion rate. Porter's 5 forces and the SWOT-analysis suggested that the competitive landscape of the airline industry has become more competitive and that airlines which do not manage to adapt to this changing market environment will experience decreasing profitability.Detta kandidatexamensarbete inriktat på tillämpad matematik och industriell ekonomi syftade till att identifiera samband mellan sökparametrar från flygsökmotorer och konverteringsgraden för utträde till ett flygbolags hemsida, och samtidigt undersöka hur uppkomsten av flygsökmotorer har påverkat flygindustrin för flygbolag. För att identifiera sådana samband, tillämpades flera klassificeringsmodeller tillsammans med stickprovsmetoder för att bygga en predikativ modell i programmet R. För att undersöka påverkan av flygsökmotorer tillämpades Porters 5 krafter och SWOT-analys som teoretiska ramverk för att analysera information uppsamlad genom en litteraturstudie och en intervju. Klassificeringsmodellerna som byggdes presterade undermåligt med avseende på flera utvärderingsmått, vilket antydde att det fanns lite eller inget samband mellan de undersökta sökparametrarna och konverteringsgraden för utträde. Porters 5 krafter och SWOT-analysen visade att flygindustrin hade blivit mer konkurrensutsatt och att flygbolag som inte lyckas anpassa sig efter en omgivning i ändring kommer att uppleva minskande lönsamhet.
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Torrego, Solana Noelia. "Obtenció i caracterització de mutants PHA-negatius en soques de “Pseudomonas” per la producció de compostos d'interès industrial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31978.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 i P. aeruginosa 42A2, van ser aïllats a partir sols i aigües, respectivament, contaminades amb residus oliosos. Ambdues soques van ser seleccionades per la seva capacitat per sintetitzar compostos hidrofòbics, com polihidroxialcanoats (PHAs), ramnolípids (Rhls), o estòlids. Els PHAs són polièsters biodegradables i biocompatibles de gran interès biotecnològic per ser una bona alternativa als plàstics petroquímics.
A més de produir PHAs, P. aeruginosa 47T2 és capaç de produir Rhls, compostos glicolípids coneguts com surfactants microbians que presenten activitats antimicrobiona i/o antifúngica. En canvi, P. aeruginosa 42A2 no produeix Rhls, però si és capaç de convertir els olis residuals en mono-, di- o tri-hidroxi àcids grassos i més tard polimeritzar-los en estòlids. Els estòlids són biopoliesters són coneguts per ser bons emulsificadors amb interessants aplicacions industrials.
Donades les diferències metabòliques a nivell lipídic detectades entre ambdues soques, s’ha estudiat el seu sistema lipolític comparant-lo amb la soca tipus Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01. Assajos SDS-Page i zimogrames, tant dels extractes cel.lulars com dels sobrenedants de les soques, indiquen l’existència d’un sistema lipolític complex constituït per diversos enzims, però la seva caracterització bioquímica no denota diferències significatives a nivell de preferència de substrat, temperatura i pH entre les tres soques.
Es decideix doncs no continuar estudiant la dotació enzimàtica, que no ha estat determinant per saber a què es deuen les diferències en el metabolisme lipídic, i s’opta per estudiar productes lipídics d’interès d’aquestes soques. Prenent els productes lipídics comuns i diferents, i tenint en compte que comparteixen intermediaris comuns a les seves rutes biosintètiques, s’ha decidit obtenir mutants negatius per la producció de PHA per tal d’estudiar el flux de carbonis i poder així dilucidar part de les rutes metabòliques que generen determinats productes. Aquests mutants es generen per ambdues soques P. aeruginosa 47T28AD i P. aeruginosa 42A28AD.
Desprès d’haver provat diferents estratègies de mutagènesi aleatòria sense èxit (irradiació controlada amb llum UV i transposició), els mutants s’obtenen a través de mutagènesi dirigida amb la qual es força la recombinació i per tant la mutació dels gens que codifiquen per l’enzim PHA sintasa, mitjançant el plasmidi suïcida pEX100Tlink. S’analitzen els mutants obtinguts per microscòpia electrònica de transmissió (MET) i la producció de PHAs s’analitza per ressonància magnètica nuclear (RMN). Ambdós processos permeten determinar que els potencials mutants no produeixen PHAs i per tal de confirmar-ho s’extreu i quantifica el PHA observant que la producció de PHAs desapareix en els mutants.
Una cop obtinguts els mutants cal veure si aquesta mutació afecta a la producció d’altres metabòlits. En la soca P. aeruginosa 47T2, s’estudien els Rhls produïts a partir d’olis residuals, tant a nivell de quantitat de producció com de qualitat del producte. Es quantifiquen per gravimetria i HPLC-MS i es caracteritzen a nivell fisicoquímic (determinació de CMCs, diagrames ternaris de fases, capacitat emulsionant). Si bé la producció de PHAs desapareix en els mutants seleccionats, sembla que la producció de Rhls augmenta lleugerament respecte a la soca parental, però no de manera proporcional a la desaparició de PHAs. Per altra banda la caracterització dels biotensioactius tampoc mostra diferències significatives entre els productes obtinguts a partir del mutant i de la soca parental, però si és interessant per les possibilitats a nivell d’aplicacions biotecnològiques dels Rhls. Pel que fa a la soca P. aeruginosa 42A2, els mutants serviran per fer el mateix estudi quantitatiu i qualitatiu d’un altre producte, els estòlids, però això forma part d’un altre estudi del grup. En la tesi el que s’ha quantificat són els derivats hidroxilats (mono- i di-hidroxilats) a partir dels quals es formen els estòlids, que també tenen propietats tensioactives i antimicrobianes i/o antifúngiques."Obtaining and characterization of PHA-negative mutants on Pseudomonas strains for the production of interesting industrial compounds" Pseudomonas aeruginosa 47T2 and P. aeruginosa 42A2 were isolated from oil wastes contaminated environment, soil and water respectively. Both strains were selected for their capacity to synthesize hydrophobic compounds such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), rhamnolipids (Rhls), or estolides. PHAs are biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters with a high biotechnological interest for being a good alternative to the petrochemical plastics. In addition, P. aeruginosa 47T2 is able to produce rhamnolipids, glycolipid compounds well-known as microbial surfactants that present antimicrobial and/or antifungal activities. Although P. aeruginosa 42A2 is not producing Rhls, it is capable to convert waste oils into mono, di or –tri hydroxyfatty acids and later polymerize these compounds into estolides. Estolides are biopolyesters that are known for being good emulsifiers with interesting industrial applications. The aim of this thesis was to compare the differences in the lipid metabolism of the selected strain using P. aeruginosa PA01 as a type strain. SDS-page assays and zimmograms of cellular extracts and supernatants, revealed a complex lipolytic system constituted by different enzymes with no relevant differences regarding substrate affinity, temperature or pH. Therefore, the next step was the study of the different lipidic products. Considering that on PHAs, Rhls and estolides biosynthesis, the different involved metabolic pathways are competing for the same substrates, PHA-negative mutants for P. aeruginosa 42A2 and P. aeruginosa 47T2 were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis in order to elucidate the carbon flows. PHA accumulation, in both PHA-negative mutants, was evaluated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis (NMR), confirming thus the mutant strains were handicapped for PHA production. Consequently, rhamnolipids production in P. aeruginosa 47T2 and its PHA-negative mutant was gravimetrically quantified and showed a slightly increase of the Rhls production in the PHA-negative mutant (P. aeruginosa 47T2 4AD). Furthermore, the biopolymers were characterized by HPLC-MS and their physicochemical properties evaluated by determining the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surfactant capacity and constructing the ternary phase diagrams. The biotransformation of oleic acid into hydroxyfatty acids was followed and quantified in P. aeruginosa 42A2 and its PHA-negative mutant (P. aeruginosa 42A2 4AD) by gas chromatography (GC).
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Ahmad, Ahmad. "Etude de la production d'ions négatifs sur des surfaces de carbone dans un plasma d'hydrogène sans Cs à basse pression." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4702/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude de la production d'ions négatifs (INs) en surface pour des applications à la fusion contrôlée. Les INs formés en surface d'un échantillon dans un plasma d'hydrogène à partir de bombardement par les ions positifs sont collectés et analysés en énergie par un spectromètre de masse (SM). Les fonctions de distribution en énergie des INs (FDIs) que mesure le SM sont différentes de celles émises par la surface f(E, Θ) du fait des modifications de trajectoires et d'énergie induites par la traversée du plasma et du SM. Afin de déterminer la FDI émis par la surface f(E, Θ) en se servant des fonctions de distribution mesurée par le SM f''(E) nous avons développé un modèle qui calcule les trajectoires des ions entre la surface et le détecteur du SM. A partir d'une fonction test f(E,Θ) il est alors possible de calculer f''(E) et de comparer à l'expérience. L'élément critique de cette méthode est le choix de f (E, Θ). Le choix effectué dans cette thèse est la fonction de distribution des neutres calculée par le logiciel SRIM pour les particules pulvérisées et rétrodiffusées lors de bombardement d'une surface dans des conditions similaires aux conditions expérimentales. Les résultats du modèle montrent un bon accord entre les FDIs expérimentales et les fonctions calculées, et valident nos calculs et le choix de SRIM.Dans le but de comparer les mécanismes de production et les rendements des INs, une étude comparative a été réalisée sur différents matériaux carbonés. Les FDIs mesurées présentent la même forme à la température ambianteThis thesis deals with negative ions (INs) surface production for applications in controlled fusion. Negative ions (NIs) formed at the sample surface from positive ions bombardment in hydrogen plasma are collected and analyzed with energy mass spectrometer (MS). The NI energy distribution functions (NIDF) measured by the MS are different from those emitted from surface f(E, Θ) due to modifications trajectories and energies which result when NI cross plasma and MS. In order to determine the NIDF emitted by the surface f(E,Θ) using the NIDF measured by MS f''(E), we developed a model that calculates the ion trajectories between the surface and MS detector. Then from a test function f(E,Θ) it is possible to calculate f''(E) and compare it to the experimental one. The critical issue is this method is the choice of f(E, Θ). The approach used in this thesis is the neutral backscattered and sputtered distribution function calculated by SRIM software during a surface bombardment similar to the experimental conditions. The model resulting show a good agreement between experimental and calculated NIDF, and validate our calculations and the choice of SRIM.In order to compare production mechanisms and NIs yields, a comparative study on different carbons materials was performed. Measured NIDFs show the same shape at room temperature. This indicates that the mechanisms involved in the NI production and the contribution of these mechanisms in the NIDF are the same for all materials. The best NI yield at low temperature is observed on DLC surface. The highest NI yield for all temperatures is observed on Boron doped diamond (BDD) surface at 400°C
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Prialé, Prialé Graciela. "Factores asociados a Apendicectomías Negativas en una clínica privada en Lima-Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/620991.
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Objetivo: Una tasa de apendicectomía negativa (AN) entre 10-15% es considerada aceptable. Sin embargo, a nivel internacional el rango va entre 2-9%. El presente estudio busca identificar la TAN y los factores asociados a esta.
Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de todas las apendicectomías realizadas entre los años 2012 y 2013 en una clínica privada de Lima-Perú. Se revisó las historias clínicas de pacientes apendicectomizados que contaron con historia clínica de emergencia e informe quirúrgico. Se excluyó a aquellos que no contaban con informe anatomopatológico del apéndice. Se calculó los OR ajustados con un modelo de regresión logística para identificar los factores asociados con AN.
Resultados: Se realizaron 376 apendicectomías durante el periodo 2012-2013. Se excluyeron 13 casos por no contar con registro de historia clínica. La población femenina fue de 55,9%. La media de edad del paciente fue 33,4 años ± 17,6. En 28 de 363 pacientes (7,7%) se registró una AN. Se encontró que el dolor en flanco derecho (OR: 5,44 P=0,013), Mc Burney negativo (OR: 3,63 P=0,017), dolor en hipogastrio (OR: 3,05 P=0,030),) y no leucocitosis (OR: 2,85 P=0,015) son factores asociados a una AN. Las patologías más frecuentemente implicadas en el caso de una AN fueron las de causa ginecológica (53,6%) seguida de enfermedad diverticular complicada (14,3%).
Conclusión: Los resultados obtenidos indican que la presencia de dolor en hipogastrio, dolor en flanco derecho, Mc Burney negativo y no leucocitosis son factores diagnósticos que se pueden tener en cuenta para prevenir apendicectomías negativas.Background: A negative appendectomy rate (NAR) between 10-15% is considered acceptable. Nevertheless, internationally the range is between 2-9%. This study seeks to find factors associated with a negative appendectomy (NA) and the NAR. Methods: Retrospective study of all appendectomies performed between 2012 and 2013 at a private hospital of Lima-Perú. We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent appendectomy and had a medical report of emergency. We excluded the ones whithout pathology reports. Adjusted ORs were calculated with a logistic regression model to identify factors associated with AN. Results: Three hundred seventy-six appendectomies were performed for suspected appendicitis 55.9% in women). The average patient age was 33.4 ± 17.6 years. A NA was found in 28 of 363 patients (7,7%). We found that pain in right flank (OR: 5,44 P=0,013), negative Mc Burney (OR: 3,63 P=0,017), pain in hypogastrium (OR: 3,05 P=0,030),) and no leucocitosis (OR: 2,85 P=0,015) were associated factors to AN. Gynecologic conditions (53,6%) and intestinal diseases (14.3%) are the most common to be misdiagnosed as appendiceal disease. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that the presence of pain in the right flank, negative Mc Burney, pain in hypogastrium and no leukocytosis are diagnostic factors that can be taken into account to prevent negative appendectomy.
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Michel, Vincent. "SUR LE PROBLEME DU [delta barre] AU BORD D'UN DOMAINE DE C [exposant] n DONT LA FORME DE LEVI A EXACTEMENT S VALEURS PROPRES STRICTEMENT NEGATIVES." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066257.
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Soit x un ouvert de classe c#3 de c#n de bx son bord. On demontre que, si dans bx, pres d'un point de y de bx, la forme de levi de x a exactement s valeurs propres strictement negatives, le d est resoluble pres du bord, dans x, avec regularite au bord, en tout degre sauf s. La demonstration repose essentiellement sur un theoreme l#2 avec poids polynomial en dist(. ,bx) pour le d obtenu par les techniques de hormander et sur l'adaptation d'une methode introduite par dufresnoy pour obtenir un theoreme de regularite pour d au bord de domaines pseudoconvexes non reguliers
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Bergman, Marie, and Karin Ekstrand. "Tankens makt - Påverkar abstrakt respektive konkret tänkande affekt efter en positiv händelse? En experimentell studie i en studentpopulation." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-38193.
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Quirin, Markus. "Self-System and Regulation of Negative Affect [Selbstsystem und Regulation negativen Affekts]." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979018439.
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Holmberg, Anna. "Jämförelse av statiska kodanalysverktyg : En fallstudie om statiska kodanalysverktygs förmåga att hitta sårbarheter i kod." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Mikrodataanalys, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35593.
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Security deficiencies that occur in web applications can have major consequences. PHP is a language that is often used for web applications and it places high demands on how the language is used to ensure it is safe. There are several features in PHP that should be handled with care to avoid security flaws. Static code analysis can help find vulnerabilities in code, but there are some drawbacks that can occur with static code analysis tools. One disadvantage is false positives which means that the tool reports vulnerabilities that do not exist. There are also false negatives which means the tool cannot find the vulnerability at all which can lead to a false sense of security for the user of the tool. With the help of completed test cases, three tools have been investigated in a case study to find out if the tools differ in their ability to avoid false positives and false negatives. The study also examines whether the tools' rules consider the PHP language's vulnerable functions. To answer the research question, a document collection was conducted to obtain information about the tools and various vulnerabilities. The purpose of this study is to compare the ability of static code analysis tools to find PHP code vulnerabilities. The tools that were investigated were SonarQube, Visual Code Grepper (VCG) and Exakat. The study's analysis shows that VCG found the most vulnerabilities but failed to avoid false positive vulnerabilities. Exakat had zero false positives but could not avoid false negatives to the same extent as VCG. SonarQube avoided all false positives but did not find any of the vulnerabilities tested in the test cases. According to the rules of the tools, VCG had more consideration for the risky functions found in PHP. The study's results show that the tools' ability to avoid false positives and false negatives differed and their adaptation to the PHP language's vulnerable functions.Säkerhetsbrister som förekommer i webbapplikationer kan leda till stora konsekvenser. PHP är ett språk som ofta används för webbapplikationer och det ställer höga krav på hur språket används för att det ska vara säkert. Det finns flera funktioner i PHP som bör hanteras varsamt för att inte säkerhetsbrister ska uppstå. Statisk kodanalys kan hjälpa till med att hitta sårbarheter i kod men det finns vissa nackdelar som kan uppkomma med statiska kodanalysverktyg. En nackdel är falska positiva vilket betyder att verktyget rapporterar in sårbarheter som inte finns. Det finns också falska negativa som betyder att verktyget inte hittar sårbarheten alls vilket kan leda till en falsk trygghetskänsla för användaren av verktyget. Med hjälp av färdiga testfall så har tre verktyg utretts i en fallstudie för att ta reda på om verktygen skiljer sig i sin förmåga till att undvika falska positiva och falska negativa. Studien undersöker också om verktygens regler tar PHP-språkets sårbara funktioner i beaktning. För att kunna besvara forskningsfrågan har en dokumentsinsamling genomförts för att få information om verktygen och olika sårbarheter. Studiens syfte är att jämföra statiska kodanalysverktygs förmåga att hitta sårbarheter i PHP-kod. De verktyg som utreddes var SonarQube, Visual Code Grepper (VCG) och Exakat. Studiens analys visar att VCG hittade mest sårbarheter men lyckades inte undvika falska positiva sårbarheter. Exakat hade noll falska positiva men kunde inte undvika falska negativa i lika stor utsträckning som VCG. SonarQube undvek alla falska positiva men hittade inte någon av de sårbarheter som testades i testfallen. Enligt verktygens regler visade sig VCG ta mest hänsyn till de riskfyllda funktioner som finns i PHP. Studiens resultat visar att verktygens förmåga att undvika falska positiva och falska negativa och deras anpassning för PHP språkets sårbara funktioner skiljde sig åt.
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Lall, J?nior George Indarsane. "O impacto do pagamento da participa??o sobre a produ??o de petr?leo e g?s natural sobre a renda familiar e a propriedade no Munic?pio de Governador Dix-Sept Rosado no per?odo de 1998 a 2004." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14059.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-18This scientific study deals about the oil and natural gas production participation payment impact in the county of Governador Dix-sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, between 1998 to 2004, applied to family income and property. To do so, this analysis focus on the ricardian?s theory exposition which merges from the concept of the mineral income, in concern to the legal establishment of royalties. This paper also shows the world evolution oil exploration, inserting Brazil in this scene as a oil and natural gas producter. It identifies the productive site of oil and natural gas in Rio Grande do Norte as the Potiguar Oil Area, characterizing its components in the demographic, physical and social aspects, to reflect in the focus point of observation which is the Governador Dix-sept Rosado county. The participation payment on oil and natural gas is demonstrated in a qualitative analysis both in Brazil as in Rio Grande do Norte. The payments given to the land owners in this federative unity are shown in the period of analysis of this essay. The study tells, based in a field research, the benefaction impact of the payment to the land owners over the income and property. The family income were highly impacted, causing economic social classes change to some land owners. The property had less or none impact. It was found negative externalities as the income utilization to other county uses, not causing a multiplier effect in the studied county. The fact of the not utilization of the properties on productive investments in order to supply the finite characteristic of oil and this source of royalties, contradicts one of the reasons of its establishment which is the payment for its productive exhaustion of a land resource
Este estudo cient?fico identificou o impacto da institui??o do pagamento da participa??o sobre a produ??o de petr?leo e g?s natural no munic?pio de Governador Dix-sept Rosado, Rio Grande do Norte, no per?odo de 1998 a 2004 sobre a renda familiar e a propriedade. Para isso, a an?lise centra-se na exposi??o te?rica ricardiana que deriva o conceito de renda mineral, consubstanciando o estabelecimento legal dos royalties. Mostra a evolu??o da explora??o petrol?fera no mundo, inserindo o Brasil nesse cen?rio como produtor de petr?leo e g?s natural. Identifica a regi?o produtora de petr?leo e g?s natural em terra como ?rea do Petr?leo Potiguar, caracterizando aspectos demogr?ficos, f?sicos, econ?micos e sociais para comparar com o foco da pesquisa, o munic?pio de Governador Dix-sept Rosado. O pagamento da participa??o sobre a produ??o de petr?leo e g?s natural e demonstrada quantitativamente no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Norte. Os pagamentos auferidos a propriet?rios de terra localizados nesta unidade federativa s?o mostrados no per?odo de an?lise deste trabalho. O estudo aponta, com base em pesquisa de campo, o impacto do pagamento do benef?cio aos propriet?rios de terra sobre a renda e a propriedade. A renda familiar foi extremamente impactada, causando mudan?a de classe econ?mica nos propriet?rios. A propriedade sofreu pouco ou quase nenhum impacto. Externalidades negativas como a utiliza??o da renda em consumo em outro munic?pio n?o geraram efeito multiplicador em Governador Dix-sept Rosado. O fato das propriedades n?o serem utilizadas para investimentos produtivos que venham suprir o car?ter finito do petr?leo e dessa modalidade de royalties, contradiz uma das premissas do seu estabelecimento que ? o pagamento pela exaust?o produtiva de um recurso da terra
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Boddenberg, Bastian [Verfasser]. "Negative Produktinformation. : Die Rechtmäßigkeit von staatlichen, staatlich finanzierten und privaten negativen Produktinformationen. / Bastian Boddenberg." Berlin : Duncker & Humblot, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1238435017/34.
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Kanda, Kosuke. "Effects of the First Language on Japanese ESL Learners' Answers to Negative Questions." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1704.
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This study investigates how Japanese learners of English respond to English negative questions. Previous research has reported that Japanese learners of English make errors in yes/no responses to English negative questions due to the first language (L1) influence (Kang & Lim-chang, 1998; Takashima, 1989). From the perspective of L1 influence, there are two learning pitfalls: different functions of the yes/no response and different interpretations of negative questions. Both of these influences were examined in this study.
This study involved 8 Japanese learners of English, 4 females and 4 males, attending Portland State University (PSU). In order to elicit data that reflect the effect of Japanese English Language Teaching (ELT), the subjects were chosen so that at the time of data elicitation, they had less than 6 months of experience in an English-speaking environment. In addition, all the participants had English instruction in Japan at least through high school.
In order to see how the L1 influenced their yes/no answers to negative questions, I used two data elicitation methods: an oral interview with a native speaker and a retrospective protocol analysis of the interview. The results indicated the following: First, the participants appeared to respond to English negative questions fairly consistently with the English norm. Deviation was observed only when a negative question had a negative expected answer. Particularly, the stronger the expectation for a negative answer was, the more likely it was that the negative question elicited an incorrect yes/no response. Secondly, the participants interpreted the polarity of the expected answer based on the Japanese norm. With the help of context, they usually interpreted the stimulus sentence correctly. However, when an expected answer was ambiguous for any reason, the participants interpreted the stimulus sentence as having a negative expected answer, which is the default interpretation for Japanese negative questions.
This study shows that the influence of the L1 on answers to negative questions requires complex analysis. That is, superficially the participants appeared to answer questions correctly, but a deeper analysis revealed that they still relied on an L1 interpretation norm.
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Guedes, Carla Fernanda Ferreira. "Sujeitos negativos e concordância negativa em português numa perspectiva de Sintaxe Comparada." Master's thesis, Porto : [Edição do Autor], 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/13061.
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Este trabalho teve como primeiro objectivo a análise de alguns procedimentos usados pelos falantes de uma determinada língua para levar a cabo um acto de negar. Em segundo lugar, procurámos desenvolver um estudo sobre a estrutura da frase negativa, em especial sobre o fenómeno da Concordância Negativa., por oposição à Dupla Negação, nas línguas românicas e germânicas. Tentámos encontrar pontos de contacto entre duas línguas tão distintas como são o português e o afrikaans, procurando uniformizar a análise estrutural das frases negativas nestas duas línguas. Na segunda parte, procedemos ao tratmento da questão da posição e natureza dos sujeitos negativos. Finalmente, analisámos os fenómenos de Concordância Negativa e da dupla Negação nas línguas românicas e germânicas dando especial relevo ao portuguÊs europeu e ao afrikaans