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1
Murphy, Richard Wright 1958. "Quantitative respirator fit testing by negative pressure." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276947.
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An automated system for quantitative respirator fit testing by negative pressure was evaluated by comparison testing with a computerized aerosol fit test system (Dynatech Frontier Model 260A). The new negative pressure system measures leakage flow while inspiratory pressures are sustained in a respirator facepiece rather than by pressure decay. Four phases of comparison testing were graduated by level of control, ranging from non-subject tests with hypodermic needle leakages to fit tests of 125 Air Force personnel. Throughout the series of tests, negative pressure fit factors were consistently more conservative than aerosol fit factors and showed less variability. Leakage flow rates measured by the negative pressure instrument were highly correlated with leak needle cross-sectional area as predicted by principles of air-flow physics. Comparison of subject and non-subject generated aerosol fit factors indicated significant aerosol losses, possibly due to streamlining and respiratory tract deposition. Negative pressure fit factors were not affected by these subject-related losses.
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Gabriel, Marsha T. (Marsha Thompson). "Narcissism: Reality Testing and the Effect of Negative Feedback." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331333/.
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A number of clinicians have reported that narcissists show grandiosity in self-concept, and rage after receiving disconfirming feedback. This is the first empirical study to test these claims. Subjects with differing levels of narcissism and self-esteem were compared on distortion in self-perception and emotional reaction to negative feedback. Ninety-six college students predicted their levels of intelligence, attractiveness, and interpersonal understanding (empathy) as compared to their peers. Objective measures of these characteristics were obtained, and subjects' predictions, with their actual scores held constant, provided measures of reality distortion in selfperception. Subjects were given feedback comparing their predictions to objective measures at the end of the experiment, and reaction to feedback was assessed by comparing subjects' pre- and post-feedback scores on the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (Zuckerman & Lubin, 1985). Narcissists were expected to react to negative feedback with greater hostility than nonnarcissists. Narcissists evidenced significant distortion in perceptions of their own intelligence, attractiveness, and interpersonal understanding. This finding provided empirical evidence supporting the clinical phenomenon of grandiosity. Narcissists did not react with greater hostility after negative feedback, but as compared to nonnarcissists, they did react with less depression following negative feedback. This supported Kernberg's (1980) assertion that narcissists do not react to loss with depression. In contrast to the inflated self-image associated with narcissism, self-esteem was associated with a comparatively accurate view of self.
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Pearce, Gregory T. "Negative pretrial publicity and juror verdicts testing the demand characteristics hypothesis /." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/pearceg/gregorypearce.pdf.
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Ring, Josh. "Novel fabrication and testing of light confinement devices." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/novel-fabrication-and-testing-of-light-confinement-devices(51572720-0c49-482e-8523-e44ca877117f).html.
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The goal of this project is to study novel nanoscale excitation volumes, sensitive enoughto study individual chromophores and go on to study new and exciting self assemblyapproaches to this problem. Small excitation volumes may be engineered using light con-finement inside apertures in metal films. These apertures enhance fluorescence emissionrates, quantum yields, decrease fluorescence quenching, enable higher signal-to-noiseratios and allow higher concentration single chromophore fluorescence, to be studied byrestricting this excitation volume. Excitation volumes are reported on using the chro-mophore's fluorescence by utilising fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, which monitorsfluctuations in fluorescence intensity. From the correlation in time, we can find the res-idence time, the number of chromophores, the volume in which they are diffusing andtherefore the fluorescence emission efficiency. Fluorescence properties are a probe ofthe local environment, a particularly powerful tool due to the high brightness (quantumyield) fluorescent dyes and sensitive photo-detection equipment both of which are readilyavailable, (such as avalanche photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes). Novel materialscombining the properties of conducting and non-conducting materials at scales muchsmaller than the incident wavelength are known as meta-materials. These allow combi-nations of properties not usually possible in natural materials at optical frequencies. Theproperties reported so far include; negative refraction, negative phase velocity, fluorescenceemission enhancement, lensing and therefore light confinement has also been proposed tobe possible. Instead of expensive and slow lithography methods many of these materialsmay be fabricated with self assembly techniques, which are truly nanoscopic and otherwiseinaccessible with even the most sophisticated equipment. It was found that nanoscaled volumes from ZMW and HMMs based on NW arrays wereall inefficient at enhancing fluorescence. The primary cause was the reduced fluorescencelifetime reducing the fluorescence efficiency, which runs contrary to some commentatorsin the literature. NW based lensing was found to possible in the blue region of the opticalspectrum in a HMM, without the background fluorescence normally associated with a PAAtemplate. This was achieved using a pseudo-ordered array of relatively large nanowireswith a period just smaller than lambda / 2 which minimised losses. Nanowires in the traditionalregime lambda / 10 produced significant scattering and lead to diffraction, such that they werewholly unsuitable for an optical lensing application.
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Bishop, Bruce Alexander. "Negative thoughts about making changes: Testing a cognitive-behavioral theory of noncompliance." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280286.
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Despite the demonstrated efficacy of psychotherapy in the treatment of a variety of psychological difficulties, a persistent problem is resistance to and noncompliance with that treatment. Cognitive-Behavioral therapists theorize that clients' negative beliefs and attitudes about the effectiveness of treatment, their ability to complete therapeutic assignments, and so on, are primary underlying causes of noncompliance. This dissertation tested this model. Twenty-eight individuals experiencing high levels of perceived stress completed a six week stress management training course. Measures of stress, beliefs about making changes, and compliance with treatment directives were made at regular intervals. The statistical technique called mediational analysis was used to test a causal linkage from negative attitudes and beliefs to treatment compliance, and from compliance to outcome. Although participants' mean levels of stress and distress showed significant reductions, there was little support for the proposed beliefs-compliance-outcome model. Alternative explanations for these results were considered. Support was expressed for continued development of the Negative Beliefs about Changing measure.
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Rance, J. Y. "Emotional reactions to negative life events : testing the hopelessness theory of depression." Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638615.
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The hopelessness theory of depression (Abramson et al. 1989) considers hopelessness to be a subtype of depression. A causal chain is proposed which starts with the perceived occurrence of a negative life event, at which point inferences can be made about (i) why the event occurred, (ii) its consequences and (iii) characteristics about the self. In particular, the hopelessness theory predicts that: (a) each cognitive diathesis will interact with subsequent stress to produce symptoms of hopelessness depression (diathesis x stress component); (b) each causal factor in the model still contribute to the next in a proximal direction (causal mediation component). This thesis presents four studies examining the main predictions of hopelessness theory. Studies 1 and 2 utilised student samples (n=100) and cross-sectional designs. In Study 1, the role of the three sets of inferences was examined using hypothetical events. Some support was found for both the diathesis x stress and the causal mediation components. In Study 2 inferences for real events were considered. The results provided minimal support for the diathesis x stress component, and no support for the causal mediation component. In Study 3, the main predictions were tested more fully using prospective measurement in a 5-week follow-up of students (n=100). The diathesis x stress component was not supported and the causal mediation component received only partial support. In Study 4 the utility of the hopelessness theory in predicting post-natal depression was examined among a sample of primiparous women (n=172). Measures were taken during the third trimester of pregnancy, and at 4 and 12 weeks postpartum. Little evidence was found to support the diathesis x stress component. However, considerable support was found for the causal mediation component. Overall, the four studies produced contradictory evidence for the hopelessness theory. Implications for future research on the hopelessness theory of depression are discussed.
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Lee, Sang Han. "Estimating and testing of functional data with restrictions." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1626.
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HAGER, MARGARET J. "AVOIDING THE FALSE NEGATIVE: PLACING STUDENTS INTO MATHEMATICS COURSES ACCORDING TO THEIR ABILITIES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1114531509.
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Sessoms, Tony Lionel. "Gay and Bisexual American Men in South Korea Who Reported Testing HIV Negative." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/764.
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Gay and bisexual men in the United States and South Korea have some of the highest HIV rates in their countries, and both have the fewest sex education programs and policies for gay and bisexual males in secondary and postsecondary school systems. Consequently, many South Koreans do not view HIV as a South Korean problem, and with American gay and bisexual men living in this type of environment, their HIV sexual protection knowledge and practices may be compromised. The purpose of this study was to gain more understanding and insight into the sex education experiences and sexual practices of gay and bisexual American men living in a large city in South Korea, to determine how they perceived their sex education experiences from the American school system. The theoretical framework was based on Husserl and Heidegger's theory of intentionality. A phenomenological method was employed, utilizing a purposeful and criterion sample of 6 gay and bisexual American men who experienced sex education in the American school system and reported testing HIV negative on their last HIV tests. Data were analyzed and coded to identify categories and themes. The findings revealed that the participants who experienced heterosexual-focused sex education did not find it useful to them as gay men. The implications of these findings for positive social change are to inform policy makers and education leaders of how gay and bisexual American men perceived their sex education experiences and of the value of providing diverse, comprehensive sex education in the school system as it relates to knowledge about HIV and HIV prevention, not only for gay and bisexual males but for all American students as a tool to reduce or prevent new HIV cases.
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Ashton, Triss A. "Accuracy and Interpretability Testing of Text Mining Methods." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc283791/.
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Extracting meaningful information from large collections of text data is problematic because of the sheer size of the database. However, automated analytic methods capable of processing such data have emerged. These methods, collectively called text mining first began to appear in 1988. A number of additional text mining methods quickly developed in independent research silos with each based on unique mathematical algorithms. How good each of these methods are at analyzing text is unclear. Method development typically evolves from some research silo centric requirement with the success of the method measured by a custom requirement-based metric. Results of the new method are then compared to another method that was similarly developed. The proposed research introduces an experimentally designed testing method to text mining that eliminates research silo bias and simultaneously evaluates methods from all of the major context-region text mining method families. The proposed research method follows a random block factorial design with two treatments consisting of three and five levels (RBF-35) with repeated measures. Contribution of the research is threefold. First, the users perceived a difference in the effectiveness of the various methods. Second, while still not clear, there are characteristics with in the text collection that affect the algorithms ability to extract meaningful results. Third, this research develops an experimental design process for testing the algorithms that is adaptable into other areas of software development and algorithm testing. This design eliminates the bias based practices historically employed by algorithm developers.
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Marquinez, Nicole S. "Testing Individual Differences in Negative Affect Related to Smoking| The Role of Emotional Clarity." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1554184.
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Negative affect plays a critical role in nicotine dependence. Smokers report feeling that negative affect is a primary motivation to keep smoking. This study examined the relationship between individual differences in emotional experience, in particular emotional clarity and differentiation (individuals' ability to understand, describe, and differentiate between emotions), and smoking motivation. We hypothesized that emotional clarity would be related to affect, craving, and smoking satisfaction. A second goal was to test the ability of an emotional-labeling intervention to reduce negative affect and smoking motivation resulting from a negative emotion induction. We also tested whether emotional clarity moderated the effect of the negative affect manipulation upon smoking-related variables. We hypothesized that emotional clarity would moderate the effect of the emotional-labeling manipulation upon affect, craving, and smoking satisfaction. A correlational and two-group between-subjects design was used. Participants (170 participants; 86 males) first completed baseline measures, then received a mood induction (via video). They then were randomized to one of two conditions (emotion labeling and writing control). Results indicate that emotional clarity was related to affect, craving, and smoking satisfaction ratings, such as those higher on emotional clarity reported more positive affect, less cravings, and having experienced aversive effects after smoking. We found no effect of the emotional labeling task. Although we replicated findings from previous studies showing a relationship between emotional clarity and mood, this study is the first to establish such a relationship with craving for a cigarette and aspects of smoking satisfaction.
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Marquinez, Nicole. "Testing Individual Differences in Negative Affect Related to Smoking: The Role of Emotional Clarity." Scholar Commons, 2013. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5067.
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Negative affect plays a critical role in nicotine dependence. Smokers report feeling that negative affect is a primary motivation to keep smoking. This study examined the relationship between individual differences in emotional experience, in particular emotional clarity and differentiation (individuals' ability to understand, describe, and differentiate between emotions), and smoking motivation. We hypothesized that emotional clarity would be related to affect, craving, and smoking satisfaction. A second goal was to test the ability of an emotional-labeling intervention to reduce negative affect and smoking motivation resulting from a negative emotion induction. We also tested whether emotional clarity moderated the effect of the negative affect manipulation upon smoking-related variables. We hypothesized that emotional clarity would moderate the effect of the emotional-labeling manipulation upon affect, craving, and smoking satisfaction. A correlational and two-group between-subjects design was used. Participants (170 participants; 86 males) first completed baseline measures, then received a mood induction (via video). They then were randomized to one of two conditions (emotion labeling and writing control). Results indicate that emotional clarity was related to affect, craving, and smoking satisfaction ratings, such as those higher on emotional clarity reported more positive affect, less cravings, and having experienced aversive effects after smoking. We found no effect of the emotional labeling task. Although we replicated findings from previous studies showing a relationship between emotional clarity and mood, this study is the first to establish such a relationship with craving for a cigarette and aspects of smoking satisfaction.
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Patel, Neil Arakaki Dean Yasuo. "Theory, simulation, fabrication and testing of double negative and epsilon near zero metamaterials for microwave applications : a thesis /." [San Luis Obispo, Calif. : California Polytechnic State University], 2008. http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/7/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2008."June 2008." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Electrical Engineering." "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo." Major professor: Dean Arakaki, Ph.D. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-148). Also available online and on microfiche (2 sheets).
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Kainz, Amanda L. "The effects of positive and negative verbal feedback on performance testing in high school athletes." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5172.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 120 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Baltes, Paul B., and Reinhold Kliegl. "Further testing of limits of cognitive plasticity : negative age differences in a mnemonic skill are robust." Universität Potsdam, 1992. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4037/.
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Earlier testing-the-limits research on age differences in cognitive plasticity of a memory skill was extended by 18 additional assessment and training sessions to explore whether older adults were able to catch up with additional practice and improved training conditions. The focus was on the method of loci, which requires mental imagination to encode and retrieve lists of words from memory in serial order. Of the original 37 subjects, 35 (16 young, ranging from 20 to 30 years of age, and 19 older adults, ranging from 66 to 80 years of age) participated in the follow-up study. Older adults showed sizable performance deficits when compared with young adults and tested for limits of reserve capacity. The negative age difference was substantial, resistant to extensive practice, and applied to all subjects studied. The primary origin for this negative age difference may be a loss in the production and use of mental imagination for operations of the mind.
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Litvin, Erika B. "Testing impulsivity as a moderator of smoking motivation following exposure to negative affect and smoking cues." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002329.
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Patel, Neil. "Theory, Simulation, Fabrication and Testing of Double Negative and Epsilon Near Zero Metamaterials for Microwave Applications." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2008. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/7.
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Natural structures exhibiting simultaneous negative bulk permittivity and permeability have not yet been discovered. However, research interest over the past five years has grown with the proposition that artificial structures exhibiting these properties are realizable using specially-designed metallic inclusions embedded in host dielectric bodies. A periodic structure of metallic inclusions much smaller than the guided wavelength and embedded in a host dielectric medium is known in the physics and microwave communities as a "metamaterial". Such frequency-dependent effectively homogeneous materials may be designed to exhibit negative permeability and permittivity at certain frequencies. As predicted by electromagnetic theory, such negative index or "left-handed" metamaterials are shown to have unique filtering properties and exhibit negative refraction and "backward wave" propagation. The "backward wave" phenomenon describes the anti-parallel nature of phase velocity and group velocity in a negative index metamaterial and can be additionally characterized in vector theory using the left hand rule. Additionally, "epsilon-near zero" (ENZ) metamaterials are characterized by a bulk permittivity equal to zero. Applications include focusing radiation emitted by small apertures. This thesis provides the theory for metamaterial structures supported by simulations conducted with the commercial finite element method solver: Ansoft HFSS. Metallic inclusions such as the split ring resonator structure (SRR), S-shaped split ring resonator (SSRR), wire rod and capacitively loaded strip (CLS) are presented analytically and simulated in HFSS. Metamaterial structures designed to exhibit left-handed behavior in the X-band frequency region are simulated for frequency-dependent transmission, reflection and refractive properties. A test configuration for measuring a metamaterial slab's match to free space is proposed and constructed. Additionally a prism design and test plan geared for anechoic chamber testing and refraction measurement is proposed and built. Simulated inclusions are fabricated on FR-4 epoxy laminate boards, combined to form metamaterial structures, and tested in the Cal Poly Anechoic chamber. Results show that transmission properties match closely with HFSS simulations. Prism metamaterial testing shows that negative refraction is visible in the 8 to 9 GHz region. A modified form of the Nicolson Ross-Weir method for parameter extraction using S-parameter data is shown to provide an initial approximation for the permeability and permittivity of the structure under test. Finally, both negative and zero-index metamaterials are analyzed in HFSS simulations to improve the directivity of EM radiation from sub-wavelength apertures. Epsilon-near zero metamaterials placed on sub-wavelength apertures are shown to improve directivity by two fold in the far-field at design frequencies.
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Sherrer, Margaret Verona. "Testing the Association between Negative Appraisal and Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Community Clients with Serious Mental Illness." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2171.
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Thesis advisor: Ce ShenA compelling body of literature suggests that negative appraisal may be associated with adverse reactions to traumatic stress (Ehlers & Clark, 2000). However, very few studies have examined how cognitive appraisal influences posttraumatic adaptation in people with serious mental illness (SMI) despite evidence of disproportionately high prevalence rates of trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in this population. The major purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between negative appraisal and PTSD symptoms among adults diagnosed with SMI. It was hypothesized that negative appraisal would have a positive and significant association with traumatic stress symptoms in a clinical sample of community clients diagnosed with major mood and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders when controlling for gender, total lifetime trauma, substance use, and severity of symptoms associated with SMI. Multiple regression was employed to conduct a secondary analysis of clinical data from 291 community support clients who were receiving services from three community mental health centers in the state of Rhode Island during March to September 2009. Results supported the main hypotheses that all three types of negative appraisal with respect to self, world /others, and self blame as well as overall appraisal were positively and significantly associated with PTSD symptoms
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Koydemir, Selda. "Predictors Of Shyness Among University Students: Testing A Self-presentational Model." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607796/index.pdf.
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The present study investigated self-presentational predictors of shyness among university students via a mediational causal model, in which socially-prescribed perfectionism, perceived social skills, and perceived parental attitudes were proposed to interact with fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem to predict shyness. The sample consisted of 497 undergraduate students (287 females, 210 males) selected from Middle East Technical University by stratified random sampling. Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Social Skills Inventory-Short, and Parental Attitude Scale were used in data collection. Pilot studies were conducted for assessing the reliability and validity of Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, Revised Cheek and Buss Shyness Scale, and Social Skills Inventory-Short. Path analysis was utilized to test the causal model.
The results revealed that shyness was positively predicted from fear of negative evaluation and socially-prescribed perfectionismand negatively from self-esteem and perceived social skills. Fear of negative evaluation was predicted positively from socially-prescribed perfectionism and perceived strictness/supervision from parents, and negatively from self-esteem
whereas self-esteem was predicted positively from perceived social skills, perceived parental psychological autonomy and acceptance/involvement, and negatively from socially-prescribed perfectionism. These findings suggested that fear of negative evaluation partially mediated the relationship between shyness and socially-prescribed perfectionism
between shyness and perceived parental strictness/supervision
and between shyness and self-esteem. In addition, self-esteem partially mediated the association of shyness with socially-prescribed perfectionism
with perceived social skills
with parental acceptance/involvement
and with parental psychological autonomy. Findings are discussed within the self-presentational framework of shyness.
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Ebling, Geoffrey Andrew. "The biochemical and antibiogram characteristics of aerobic gram negative enteric bacilli from Llamas (Lama glama)." Scholarly Commons, 1991. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2207.
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A search of the literature revealed few references to the normal enteric flora of non-human vertebrates in general and the llama, Lama glama, in particular. The bacteriologic flora of the llama as a research project was suggested by my major professor, Dr. Fuad M. Nahhas, after it was brought to his attention by one of his assistants in the microbiology department of Dameron Hospital (Stockton, CA) that her pet llama was suffering from diarrhea. Fecal material from the llama was cultured and Yersinia enterocolitica was recovered. At the same time normal bacterial flora resembling those isolated from human material were also found. In seeking a research project I thought a bacteriologic examination of fecal material from llamas would be of some interest. A search of the literature revealed a great deal of information about parasitic infections of the llama, particularly by South American parasitologists and veterinarians,. but little information on the bacteriologic flora. Most of the published reports discuss enteric pathogens and enteric diseases (Fowler, 1989). Equally scarce are reports on the antibiotic pattern of such isolates; most reports on antimicrobial activity are limited to determining which drugs are effective in the treatment of a particular infection (Timoney et al, 1988). In contrast with this, Gram negative isolates from human
intestinal material are well known and their antibiograms well documented in the literature as well as in unpublished hospital records. The use of antibiotics, discriminately or indiscriminately, in the treatment of human infections and the addition of antibiotics, especially tetracycline, to animal feeds to promote growth have led to the emergence··of resistant strains among these bacteria. To what extent such resistance exists in, has crossed over to, or has been exchanged among the intestinal isolates of humans and other vertebrates is not known. The objective of this study is, therefore, twofold: 1) to conduct a survey of the Gram negative aerobic intestinal bacterial flora of llamas to determine what species are present and their relative abundance; 2) to compare their biochemical (biotypes) and antibiotic patterns (antibiogram) with isolates from other animals and humans where information is available.
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Gustafsson, Dan. "The Validity of Technical Analysis for the Swedish Stock Exchange : Evidence from random walk tests and back testing analysis." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18427.
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In this paper I examine the validity of technical analysis for the Swedish stock index OMXS30 between 2001-12-28 and 2011-12-30. Results indicate that OMXS30 followed a non-random walk and that technical trading rules had predictive power over future price movements. Results also suggest that technical trading rules could be used to outperform a buy-and-hold strategy.
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Smith, Andrew James. "Understanding Combat Veteran Adaptation via Social-Cognitive Factors: Testing Relationships among Emotion Dysregulation, Coping Self-Efficacy Appraisals, and Negative Worldview." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77533.
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Background. The current study was conducted to increase understanding of factors that promote or deter post-combat adaptation. In total, five research questions were posed and tested, leading to examination of how difficulties with emotion regulation, post-deployment coping self-efficacy (PDCSE), and disrupted worldview work in-concert to influence post-combat adaptation (as measured by PTSD severity, depression severity, and quality of life perceptions). Methods. The final sample included cross-sectional data for 123 OEF/OIF veterans who were referred for assessment and/or treatment in an outpatient clinic in a Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Path analysis, employing bootstrapping re-sampling, was used to test hypotheses, yielding metrics for model fit, direct effects, and hypothesized indirect effects. Results. Overall findings demonstrated that each of the models tested were a good fit for explaining post-combat adaptation outcomes, with the final integrated model (including combat exposure, difficulties with emotion regulation, PDCSE, and negative worldview) explaining 49% of the variance in PTSD, 60% of the variance in depression severity, and 42% of the variance in quality of life, respectively. Findings across all models demonstrated that emotion dysregulation played a significant role in promoting worse post-combat adaptation, and that this effect primarily worked through alterations in PDCSE and negative worldview. Conclusions. This study concludes with interpretation of findings via theory and the extant literature. Future research and intervention implications are discussed, including the need to focus post-combat therapies on altering PDCSE and negative worldview, and more broadly, on factors that diminish meaningful life for combat veterans.Ph. D.
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Matias, Margret. "Comparison of medical management and genetic counseling options pre- and post-whole exome sequencing for patients with positive and negative results." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1490352906282189.
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Sikasote, Janet Precious Banda. "Effect of voluntary counselling and testing and a negative HIV result on risk behaviour : a qualitative longitudinal study in a Zambian mining community." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4441.
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Background: Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are scaling up access to Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) services as a strategy for HIV prevention, treatment, care and support. The international and national push to achieve targets for anti-retroviral therapy scale up has emphasised VCT as an entry point to treatment, with follow-up mostly directed at those who test positive. Yet over 60% of those testing are HIV negative. Limited understanding of how HIV voluntary counselling and testing, and receipt of a negative result impact on sexual behaviour has resulted in underdeveloped support for those testing HIV negative. Aims: To gain the perspective of those who have tested HIV-negative on the following: (1) the decision making process that precedes attendance for voluntary counselling and testing; (2) how voluntary counselling and a negative test result influence sexual behavioural intentions and reported subsequent behaviour; and (3) support systems and networks that would enhance the respondent’s ability to remain HIV negative. Method: Qualitative longitudinal study utilising semi-structured interviews, six months apart, with people who have tested negative and three one-off focus group discussions with counsellors. Participants were purposively sampled from VCT centres in two mining towns in Zambia. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically with the aid of the qualitative data analysis software, Nvivo7. Cross-sectional analysis of all data sets was conducted and paired transcripts were analysed longitudinally to assess change over time. Results: Forty-two HIV-negative people were interviewed, with thirty-one returning for the follow-up interview (74% return rate). VCT was perceived as ‚testing for HIV‛. Before attending VCT most participants had gone through a protracted period of angst, resulting in a resolution to reduce number of partners, use condoms or abstain from sex. Counselling affirmed life choices, rather than initiating them. Although perception of the risk of HIV increased, misconceptions about HIV transmission persisted post-counselling. The negative test result provided impetus and resolve to implement or maintain life change. Themes identified were: (1) recognising personal susceptibility to HIV infection; (2) emotional and cognitive engagement with the problem of testing; (3) a driving need to know status (regardless of test result); and (4) empowerment and being in control providing the ability to plan for the future. Analysis of post-test support needs revealed two further themes: (1) reinforcement of behaviour change through additional knowledge, supportive networks, and life-skills training; and (2) access to recreational activities. There was no reported post-test increase in unsafe sexual behaviour among those that returned for the follow-up interview. Focus group findings reinforced those from interviews. Conclusions: This study has shown that in this population of people who tested HIV-negative: 1. the majority made life changes before attending VCT and used VCT to know their status 2. counselling consolidated pre-test decisions about risk behaviour and testing provided motivation to adopt safer behaviour and to maintain previous low- or no-risk behaviour and 3. there is a felt need for post-testing recreational activities, further HIV/AIDS education and participation in HIV prevention activities. Recommendations include: (1) the promotion of community-based interactive one-to-one and group information, education and communication (IEC) (to aid understanding and progression to the point where testing appears to be of optimum benefit) ; (2) referral to post-test support options such as support groups and inclusion on a text messaging list should be made available; and (3) post-test intervention strategies, for example, provision of result-specific IEC materials and active involvement in prevention activities should be developed and evaluated.
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Gibbons, Deborah Kay. "“It's Not Only About Them:“ Female Family Members' Understanding of Indeterminate Negative BRCA1/2 Test Results." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7701.
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Genetic test results have important implications for close family members. Indeterminate negative results are the most common outcome of BRCA1/2 mutation testing. Little is known about family members' understanding of indeterminate negative BRCA1/2 test results. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to investigate how daughters and sisters received and understood genetic test results as shared by their mothers or sisters. Participants included 81 women aged 40-74 with mothers or sisters previously diagnosed with breast cancer and who received indeterminate negative BRCA1/2 test results. Participants had never been diagnosed with breast cancer nor received their own genetic testing or counseling. This IRB approved study utilized semi-structured interviews administered via telephone. The research team developed descriptive codes, and NVIVO software was used during qualitative analysis. Participants reported low amounts of information shared with them. Most women described test results as negative and incorrectly interpreted the test to mean there was no genetic component to the pattern of cancer in their families. Only 7 of 81 women accurately described test results consistent with the meaning of an indeterminate negative result — meaning a genetic cause for cancer in their family could still exist. Our findings demonstrate that indeterminate negative genetic test results are not well understood by family members. Lack of understanding may lead to an inability to effectively communicate results to primary care providers and missed opportunities for prevention, screening and further genetic testing. We recommend providing family members letters they can share with their own primary care providers whenever genetic testing is performed.
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Chadwell, Sarah E. B. S. "Factors Influencing Clinical Follow-up for Individuals with a Personal History of Breast and/or Ovarian Cancer and Previous Negative or Uncertain BRCA1 and BRCA2 Testing." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491317215551797.
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Wilk, Amber R. "The Estimation and Evaluation of Optimal Thresholds for Two Sequential Testing Strategies." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3163.
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Many continuous medical tests often rely on a threshold for diagnosis. There are two sequential testing strategies of interest: Believe the Positive (BP) and Believe the Negative (BN). BP classifies a patient positive if either the first test is greater than a threshold θ1 or negative on the first test and greater than θ2 on the second test. BN classifies a patient positive if the first test is greater than a threshold θ3 and greater than θ4 on the second test. Threshold pairs θ = (θ1, θ2) or (θ3, θ4), depending on strategy, are defined as optimal if they maximized GYI = Se + r(Sp – 1). Of interest is to determine if these optimal threshold, or optimal operating point (OOP), estimates are “good” when calculated from a sample. The methods proposed in this dissertation derive formulae to estimate θ assuming tests follow a binormal distribution, using the Newton-Raphson algorithm with ridging. A simulation study is performed assessing bias, root mean square error, percentage of over estimation of Se/Sp, and coverage of simultaneous confidence intervals and confidence regions for sets of population parameters and sample sizes. Additionally, OOPs are compared to the traditional empirical approach estimates. Bootstrapping is used to estimate the variance of each optimal threshold pair estimate. The study shows that parameters such as the area under the curve, ratio of standard deviations of disease classification groups within tests, correlation between tests within a disease classification, total sample size, and allocation of sample size to each disease classification group were all influential on OOP estimation. Additionally, the study shows that this method is an improvement over the empirical estimate. Equations for researchers to use in estimating total sample size and SCI width are also developed. Although the models did not produce high coefficients of determination, they are a good starting point for researchers when designing a study. A pancreatic cancer dataset is used to illustrate the OOP estimation methodology for sequential tests.
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Lin, Kathy Lee. "Body Image and Acceptance of Plastic Surgery Among College Students in South Korea: Testing the Mediating Role of Filial Piety and Fear of Negative Evaluation." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1589366236637544.
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Robinson, Sean D. "Expanding Turnover Theory: Testing Behavioral Predictions of the Proximal Withdrawal States and Destinations (PWSD) Model." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1416255341.
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Romito, Diana H. "Character development/citizenship programming as a school improvement plan option and the relationship to performance on state standardized tests and reduced incidence of negative student behaviors." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1560842.
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Wikberg, Cecilia. "Investigating the Modern Social Media Influenced World and its Consequences on Mental Health : How to reduce the negative effects on young women in the social media app Instagram by modifying or adding design parameters and functionality." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161126.
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Social media is valuable when searching for information or to ease communication but what about the health risks, loss of productivity and physical activity, imaginary ideals and addiction? One third of women 16-29 years old suffer from a lower mental health and according to a large number of studies, social media has a big part in it. This study investigates how Instagram can be modified in order to reduce the nega- tive effects on young women caused by the app. Through interviews and a workshop, five concepts were produced and tested. The preferred solution for the users was to add a symbol if the image has been retouched, this was made to be able to separate the fake from the authentic uploads in Instagram. Totally removing the phone from the process was not an option since it is used in more situations like communication. Another concept that was instantly popular was the option to keep follow or unfollow recently added accounts. This makes the user aware of the content and is given the possibility to evaluate the accounts. Along with these concepts, it could be suggested that people need to be more aware of the problems caused by social media. It could also be suggested for users to work on their self-compassion, to not critique oneself too much, since fitspo-accounts affect users substantially. It is not the time spent on social media that matters but what people are actually engaging with.
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Hope, Mariah L. "A Preliminary Evaluation of an Indirect Assessment of Sensitivity to Aversive Stimulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011771/.
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Aversive tasks and activities are commonly encountered in the everyday routines of most individuals. For individuals with intellectual disabilities, a means to assess individual sensitivities to aversive stimulation could allow caregivers to avoid unnecessary contact with aversive events, teach appropriate ways to avoid or escape aversive situations, and condition tolerance to unavoidable aversive tasks and activities. The current study, conducted at a large, state-operated residential facility for adults with intellectual disabilities, used an anecdotal assessment, the Sensitivities to Aversive Stimulation Survey (SASS), to evaluate the relative aversiveness of an array of commonly encountered tasks and activities for each participant. Five caregivers complete the 25-question assessment, using Likert-type scales to rate individual participants' affect, compliance or tolerance, and severity of problem behavior related to each item. The mean scores of the raters were used to estimate the aversiveness of each task, condition, or activity. The outcomes from the SASS were then compared with outcomes of an experimental analysis in which participants could emit responses to escape situations that were ranked either high or low using the SASS. Relative aversiveness was evaluated by comparing the percentage of trials with escape behavior and duration of exposure for each stimulus. Preliminary results indicate that the SASS may be useful in identifying aversive tasks and stimuli.
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Venger, Adam. "Black-box analýza zabezpečení Wi-Fi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445533.
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Zariadenia, na ktoré sa každodenne spoliehame, sú stále zložitejšie a využívajú zložitejšie protokoly. Jedným z týchto protokolov je Wi-Fi. S rastúcou zložitosťou sa zvyšuje aj potenciál pre implementačné chyby. Táto práca skúma Wi-Fi protokol a použitie fuzz testingu pre generovanie semi-validných vstupov, ktoré by mohli odhaliť zraniteľné miesta v zariadeniach. Špeciálna pozornosť bola venovaná testovaniu Wi-Fi v systéme ESP32 a ESP32-S2. Výsledkom práce je fuzzer vhodný pre testovanie akéhokoľvek Wi-Fi zariadenia, monitorovací nástroj špeciálne pre ESP32 a sada testovacích programov pre ESP32. Nástroj neodhalil žiadne potenciálne zraniteľnosti.
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Harvey, Toni. "An exploration of the meanings a small group of women placed on their experiences of screening and prenatal diagnostic testing and their construction of risk, following a negative result from amniocentesis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441599.
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Murray, Jacolin Ann. "High Flow Air Sampling for Field Detection Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2414.
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The ability to rapidly detect and identify hazardous analytes in the field has become increasingly important. One of the most important analytical detection methods in the field is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In this work, a hand-portable GC-MS system is described that contains a miniature toroidal ion trap mass analyzer and a low thermal mass GC. The system is self-contained within the dimensions of 47 x 36 x 18 cm and weighs less than 13 kg. Because the instrument has a small footprint, it was used as the detector for an automated near-real-time permeation testing system. In permeation testing, materials that are used to make individual protective equipment such as gloves, masks, boots, and suits are exposed to hazardous analytes to determine how long the equipment can be worn safely. The system described herein could test five samples simultaneously. A multi-position valve rotated among the various sample streams and delivered time aliquots into the MS for quantitation. Current field air sampling techniques suffer from long desorption times, high pressure drops, artifact formation and water retention. These disadvantages can be avoided by concentrating the analytes in short open tubular traps containing thick films. There are several advantages to using polymer coated capillaries as traps, including fast desorption, inertness and low flow restriction. An air sampling trap was constructed utilizing open tubular traps for the concentration of semi-volatile organic compounds. The system consisted of multiple capillary traps bundled together, providing high sample flow rates. The analytes were desorbed from the multi-capillary bundle and refocused in a secondary trap. The simultaneous focusing and separation effect of a trap subjected to a negative temperature gradient was also explored. In this configuration, analytes were focused because the front of the peak was at a lower temperature than the rear of the peak and, hence, moved slower. In addition to the focusing effect, analytes with different volatilities focused at different temperatures within the gradient, allowing for separation.
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Bakešová, Martina. "Stavební průzkum a diagnostika zděné konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227513.
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The aim of my master’s thesis is to develop a brief overview of the historical development of brick, diagnosis methodologies of masonry structures and their application in the practical part for evaluation of structural survey masonry, carried out at the Faculty of Philosophy, Masaryk University in Brno.
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Rouleau, Vincent L. "Towards an Understanding of Girard's Transcendental Syntax: Syntax by Testing." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23680.
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Through his work in ludics and Geometry of Interaction, Jean-Yves Girard invites us to a change of paradigm in the study of logic: the quest for a transcendental syntax, some kind of idealized language that emerges from the rules of logic. Amongst these rules, "testing" plays a leading role in defining a duality for the interpretation of negation.
The present work focuses on a notion of polarity which is a central technique used throughout Girard's work to express linear negation. We describe some properties and illustrate them with examples with the purpose of getting acquainted with the technique. We also highlight how the classical connectives (conjunction and disjunction) arise from an interpretation based on testing. In a sense, this work is intended to provide an alternative introduction to Girard's ideas and we hope it can have some pedagogical value.
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De, Angelis Fabien. "Characterization of proteins involved in RND-driven heavy metal resistance systems of Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210154.
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Les systèmes d’efflux tripartite de type Resistance, Nodulation and cell-Division (RND) sont essentiels dans le maintien de phénotypes de résistance multidrogues et contre les métaux lourds dans nombreuses bactéries Gram-négatives. Le transport de ces composés toxiques hors de la cellule est permis par l’assemblage d’une protéine de type antiporteur cation/proton (unité RND) insérée dans la membrane interne, connectée à une protéine insérée dans la membrane externe, pour former un canal de sorti qui traverse l’entièreté de l’enveloppe cellulaire. Le troisième composant du système, la protéine de type membrane fusion protein (MFP) qui est aussi appelée periplasmic adaptor protein (PAP), est requis pour permettre l’assemblage de tout ce complexe à trois composants. Cependant, les MFPs sont supposées jouer un rôle important et actif dans le mécanisme d’efflux du substrat. Pour mieux comprendre le rôle des MFPs au sein des systèmes d’efflux de type RND, nous avons étudié les protéines ZneB (précédemment appelée HmxB) et SilB, les composants périplasmiques des systèmes ZneCBA et SilABC responsables de la résistance aux métaux lourds chez Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34. Nous avons identifié la spécificité de liaison au substrat de ces protéines, montrant leur capacité à fixer le zinc (ZneB), ou le cuivre et l’argent (SilB). De plus, nous avons résolu la structure cristalline de ZneB à une résolution de 2.8 Å dans la forme apo- et avec un ion zinc fixé. La structure de ZneB possède une architecture générale composée de quatre domaines caractéristiques des MFPs, et la présence du site de coordination au zinc dans une région très flexible à l’interface des domaines β-barrel et membrane proximal. Les modifications structurales que la protéine subit lors de la fixation du zinc on été observée dans le cristal mais aussi en solution, ce qui suggère un rôle actif des MFPs dans le mécanisme d’efflux des métaux, vraisemblablement via la fixation et le relargage de l’ion à l’antiporteur. Les études de sélectivité de transport des antiporteurs ZneA et SilA montre que ces dernières et leurs protéines périplasmiques respectives ont des affinités similaires pour les métaux lourds. De plus, les études de transport ont apportés des arguments en faveur de l’hypothèse de capture cytoplasmique du substrat par l’antiporteur, tandis que la capacité des protéines périplasmiques à fixer les métaux lourds a apporté des arguments en faveur de l’hypothèse de capture périplasmique du substrat par l’antiporteur. Les deux modes de capture pourraient en réalité coexister ;cependant, le débat autour du compartiment cellulaire de capture du substrat par l’antiporteur est complexe et requiert de plus amples efforts afin d’être cerné. / Tripartite resistance nodulation cell division (RND)-based efflux complexes are paramount for multidrug and heavy metal resistance in numerous Gram-negative bacteria. The transport of these toxic compounds out of the cell is driven by the inner membrane proton/substrate antiporter (RND protein) connected to an outer membrane protein to form an exit duct that spans the entire cell envelope. The third component, a membrane fusion protein (MFP) also called periplasmic adaptor protein, is required for the assembly of this complex. However, MFPs are also proposed to play an important active role in substrate efflux. To better understand the role of MFPs in RND-driven efflux systems, we studied ZneB (formerly HmxB) and SilB, the MFP components of the ZneCAB and SilABC heavy metal RND-driven efflux complexes from Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34. We have identified the substrate binding specificity of the proteins, showing their ability to selectively bind zinc (ZneB), or copper and silver cations (SilB). Moreover, we have solved the crystal structure of the apo- and the metal-bound forms of ZneB to 2.8 Å resolution. The structure of ZneB displays a general architecture composed of four domains characteristic of MFPs, and it reveals the metal coordination site at the very flexible interface between the β-barrel and the membrane proximal domains. Structural modifications of the protein upon zinc binding were observed in both the crystal structure and in solution, suggesting an active role of MFPs in substrate efflux possibly through binding and release. The selectivity assays of the antiporter proteins ZneA and SilA demonstrated similar specificities in relation to their cognate MFPs toward heavy metal cations. Moreover, antiporter transport assays provide evidence for cytoplasmic substrate capture by this protein, whereas MFP substrate binding provides evidence for periplasmic substrate capture. Therefore, both modes of capture might co-exist; nevertheless, the substrate capture issue is a complex topic still needing consequent efforts to understand it.Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Pereira, Natanael de Carvalho. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema de aumento de estabilidade longitudinal de uma aeronave com enflechamento negativo e canard, com ensaios em túnel de vento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-18022016-094528/.
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As pesquisas modernas em aeronáutica envolvem a expansão dos envelopes de vôo, como resultado do desejo de melhorar a manobrabilidade e controlabilidade em operações táticas, e melhorar a segurança do vôo. Esses objetivos podem ser alcançados através do desenvolvimento de sistemas automáticos de controle de vôo. Os sistemas de controle aplicados a aeronaves podem ser desenvolvidos e simulados através de métodos computacionais. No entanto, existem imperfeições na simulação computacional por não se conseguir reproduzir algumas características do vôo real ou devido a simplificações no modelo matemático da aeronave. Desta forma, a construção de um modelo físico de uma aeronave em escala reduzida e a implementação de um controlador a este modelo, torna-se uma ferramenta bastante importante para validar resultados teóricos e métodos computacionais. Os custos associados a estes testes são geralmente muito menores que aqueles dos ensaios em vôo e com maior flexibilidade de instrumentação. Este trabalho descreve a construção de um modelo de aeronave, baseado no X-29, o desenvolvimento de um mecanismo de fixação do modelo ao túnel de vento, tipo rótula, e a implementação de um sistema de aumento de estabilidade longitudinal, através de um sistema de controle automático. O modelo físico possui uma configuração de asa com enflechamento negativo e canard, e que tende a ser inerentemente instável, sendo necessário o auxílio de um sistema de aumento de estabilidade. Testes de estabilidade dinâmica em arfagem foram realizados no túnel de vento em diferentes posições do centro de gravidade. Os parâmetros de estabilidade foram registrados e analisados através de uma curva de ajuste exponencial.Modern aeronautical research involves flight envelope expansion as the result of a desire for improvement in tactical operation handling qualities and improvement in flight safety. These objectives can be achieved through the development of automatic flight control systems. Aircraft flight control systems can be developed and simulated through computational methods. However, there are imperfections in the computational simulation of flight dynamics due to the difficulty in reproducing real flight conditions or due simplifications in the aircraft mathematical model. The construction of a reduced scale physical aircraft model and the implementation of a controller is a very valuable tool to validate theoretical results and computational methods. The costs associated with these tests are usually much smaller than those associated with full scale flight testing and may offer greater flexibility for instrumentation. The present work describes the construction of an airplane model, based on the X-29, the development of a wind tunnel gimbal type support and the implementation of a longitudinal stability augmentation system using automatic flight control. The model configuration has forward swept wings and canard with a tendency to be inherently unstable and, thus, requiring a stability augmentation system. Pitching dynamic stability tests where conducted in a wind tunnel in different center of gravity positions. Stability parameters were acquired and analyzed by exponential fit curve.
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Brandel, Brian Peter. "Processing and testing of negative Poisson's ratio polyethylene foams /." 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/44538817.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1999.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-101).
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"The positive and negative effects of testing in lifelong learning." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/70351.
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Formal classroom learning is a lifelong pursuit. Many older adults return to school to advance their careers, learn new skills, or simply for personal fulfillment. As such, methods for improving learning should be considered in relation to both younger and older learners in order to properly assess their ultimate usefulness. A technique that has been demonstrably effective at improving learning and memory in younger students is testing. Testing improves memory more than mere exposure to material (e.g., restudying), a benefit known as the positive testing effect. However, recognition tests, where learners are exposed to correct and incorrect information (e.g., multiple-choice tests), also introduce false information to test-takers. While evidence shows that testing improves memory for tested material, this can include the incorrect material presented on recognition tests manifested as increased reproduction of incorrect answers (lures), a phenomenon known as the negative testing effect. These effects of testing, however, have only been studied in younger learners. Older learners, on the other hand, may show decreased positive testing effects and increased negative testing effects because of poorer long-term episodic and source memory, perhaps making them less receptive to the positive effects of testing and more susceptible to the negative effects of testing. Therefore, this study examined the positive and negative effects of testing on learning in 60 younger university students aged 18-25, 60 younger community adults aged 18-25, and 60 older community adults aged 55-65. This research also scrutinized how individual differences, including intelligence, previous knowledge, initial performance, and source memory were related to the positive and negative effects of testing. All groups showed positive testing effects, but these were larger for younger adults, for individuals with higher initial performance, and for people with more previous knowledge of the topics. Additionally, though no age group showed reliable negative testing effects, they increased for individuals with lower initial performance and previous knowledge and, surprisingly, for learners with higher nonverbal reasoning and verbal intelligence scores. These findings have important implications for the education of people of all ages and show that testing can be a beneficial learning tool for both younger and older learners.
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Klatt, Timothy Daniel. "Extreme energy absorption : the design, modeling, and testing of negative stiffness metamaterial inclusions." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/23162.
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A persistent challenge in the design of composite materials is the ability to fabricate materials that simultaneously display high stiffness and high loss factors for the creation of structural elements capable of passively suppressing vibro-acoustic energy. Relevant recent research has shown that it is possible to produce composite materials whose macroscopic mechanical stiffness and loss properties surpass those of conventional composites through the addition of trace amounts of materials displaying negative stiffness (NS) induced by phase transformation [R. S. Lakes, et al., Nature, 410, pp. 565-567, (2001)]. The present work investigates the ability to elicit NS behavior without employing physical phenomena such as inherent nonlinear material behavior (e.g., phase change or plastic deformation) or dynamic effects, but rather the controlled buckling of small-scale structural elements, metamaterials, embedded in a continuous viscoelastic matrix. To illustrate the effect of these buckled elements, a nonlinear hierarchical multiscale material model is derived which estimates the macroscopic stiffness and loss of a composite material containing pre-strained microscale structured inclusions. The nonlinear multiscale model is then utilized in a set-based hierarchical design approach to explore the design space over a wide range of inclusion geometries. Finally, prototype NS inclusions are fabricated using an additive manufacturing technique and tested to determine quasi-static inclusion stiffness which is compared with analytical predictions.text
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Okoror, Titilayo Ainegbesua. "Effect of the enhanced HIV counseling on students testing negative for HIV/AIDS." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1522/index.html.
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Tsai, Fu-Liang, and 蔡福良. "Design and testing of an experimental type solar energy-assisted photocatalytic negative-pressure dryer." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78132368565240586693.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系
93
The Kyoto Protocol, an international pact aimed at reducing the world's greenhouse gas emissions, came into effect in February 2005. The accord was ratified by 140 nations which pledge to cut gas emissions by 5.2% by 2012 from the 1990 level. As increasing emission of carbon dioxide, the renewable energy such as solar energy has been paid attention by many countries and those countries that are short of energy. In this study, an experimental type solar energy-assisted photocatalytic negative-pressure dryer（SEPND）was developed and tested. It was expected to contribute on the energy saving for food industry. The dryer is consisted of high transmittance glasses used for absorbing the heat from solar radiation. Moisture can be vaporized and removed by the principle of negative-pressure. The design aims to end the drying process in a day-time batch time without using heating sources and it still maintains good quality. Combining the sterilization function of photocatalyst, it can produce the more hygiene dried foods. The results showed that under the average sun radiation 354W/m2 per hour in Pingtung area, the heat collection performanceηis 0.89. The temperature in the cabinet can be in 40-60℃depending on climate condition. The cost saving transferred from 1482W per hour in total area 4.7 m2 of collectors was 4.45 NT dollars. After coating the photocatalyst, the fungus counting in the cabinet was from average 15 CFU/plate to 3 CFU/plate, even lower, which comply with CNS for normal working environment (less than 15 CFU/plate). For the performance test of the dryer, under negative pressure, test samples such as Sergia Lucens , pineapple and papaya are of having fast drying rate, having lower total number count compared that from hot air drying, and being higher acceptance from 〝L〞、〝a〞、〝b〞 values. All the data collected from this experimental type dryer will be used for the development of a scale-up system.
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Wang, Yun-Ting, and 王韻婷. "Evaluation of Bacteria Reducing Efficiency Using Bactericide Under Full Scale Field Study-A Negative Pressure Pattern testing." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xr798k.
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碩士中山醫學大學
職業安全衛生學系碩士班
103
Many nosocomial infections of patients are derived from secondary infections during their hospital stay via pathogens or by its toxins, thereby causing local or systemic adverse reactions in them that are not present prior to admission or not at a latency stage. The major nosocomial infection route can be divided into two pathways, via airborne and contact transmission. According to recent researches, general disinfection methods are direct contact to pathogens but seldom relat to airborne disinfection method. Our research first conducted the paper disk diffusion test to initially understand the effectiveness of the bactericides. Then, in a full-scale test ventilation laboratory equipped with stable(ΔP=0 pa), negative(ΔP=-8 pa), or positive(ΔP=+8 pa)pressure ventilation. The dimensions of laboratory were 3 x 3 x 3 meters, that could provide different dilution ventilation flow patterns, included the short-circuit and displacement pattern. Moreover, the operation parameter also compared the different air change rate per hour (ACH). The experimental procedure was to deploy bacteria and bactericides and test their effective bacteria reducing rate under different flow patterns and pressure drop(negative, stable, positive)setting. For experimental comparison, the bacteria of Bacillus subtilis was used as challenge aerosol while the Collison Atomizer was used for producing the bioaerosol and the bactericide. The bioaerosol disinfection efficiency was compared via the Andersen Single Stage Microbial Sampler. As for the bactericides, different proportions of diluted bactericides were atomized and sprayed in the full scale test laboratory with the selection of hypochlorous acid, terpinen-4-ol, and lemon grass oil. The research results indicated that most bactericides worked most effectively under negative pressured airflow field environments. There was a significant reducing in bactericidal effect under positive or stable pressured environments. In particular, the hypochlorous acid still showed a high bactericidal effect under different pressure drops. Under the short circuit airflow field, the terpinen-4-ol and lemon grass oil both also showed significant bactericia reducing effect. The resulted bactericidal rates were also related to the particle sizes of the bactericides and the experimental bacteria used. The greater the difference of the particle sizes between the bactericides and experimental bacteria used, the greater was their coagulation, which may produce a better bactericia reducing effect.
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Hsu, Che-Hua, and 許哲華. "The Study on the Strategy of Trial Run and Adjustment，Testing Procedures for Negative Pressure Animal Houses." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53577601912567243148.
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碩士國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班營建技術與管理組
94
The negative pressure animal house is built to biosafety standards. It provides the environment for infected animal experiments and unsure the degree of influence confirmed infected animal experiments environment of the influence degree (such as genetically modified organisms) yet. The performance of animal houses not only could influence the accuracy of the experimental results, but also could protect the researchers’ safety and maintain the great environmental security of living beings. In Negative pressure animal houses, staff should dress in appropriate protection suits and follow standard operating procedures. In addition, the building structure, electromechanical, air conditioner, and experimental facilities should meet the secondary barriers. HVAC, one of the most important biosafety protections in negative pressure animal houses, would absolutely impact on the experimental results. This study is aimed to explore the possible problems of constructing in the negative pressure animal house. A real case is utilized to illustrate the possible potential impact and the proper solutions. It could be as a reference for the project personnel while preparing for installation and confronting the challenges.Because there are many factors of negative pressure values in animal houses, it is relatively complex and difficult during the course of taking a trial run and adjusting. Various kinds of performance are related to various degrees. It is impossible to adjust without analyzing the complete data. “Guide for the Biosafety of BSL-3 Laboratory 1.0-Edition” was issued by Center for Disease Control, Department of Health, in September of 2004. It demonstrates the regulations for laboratory facilities and test procedures. However, the test procedures are tedious and need to use the precise testing equipments. It takes a lot of time in testing and adjustment phase before the project is completed. This research simplifies the test steps and instruments. It saves a lot of time during the course of taking a trial run and adjusting.The testing data, comparing with the published data by the neutral organization, is reliable. The proposed solution could be widely utilized in environmental quality monitoring.
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Figueiredo, Diana Rafaela Vieira. "Testing Clark and Wells’ (1995) Cognitive Model in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94491.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoA perturbação de ansiedade social (PAS) inicia-se tipicamente durante a adolescência. Tem sido associada a graves e persistentes prejuízos ao longo da vida e tende a ser particularmente persistente na ausência de tratamento. A literatura apresenta incontestáveis evidencias para a elevada prevalência da perturbação em adolescentes. Apesar de ter vindo a ser demonstrado que tratamentos baseados em modelos cognitivos são eficazes no tratamento de perturbações de ansiedade em adolescentes, é escassa a investigação sobre os fatores responsáveis pela manutenção da PAS nesta população. Este estudo teve por objetivo explorar relações simultâneas entre pensamentos sociais negativos, atenção auto-focada, comportamentos de procura de segurança e ansiedade social, numa amostra clínica de adolescentes, avaliando a adequabilidade do modelo cognitivo proposto por Clark e Wells na explicação dos fatores de manutenção da PAS. Os participantes foram recrutados em contexto escolar e avaliados através de uma entrevista clínica estruturada (MINI-KID). Quarenta adolescentes (Midade = 16.13, DP = .76) com diagnóstico primário de PAS completaram um conjunto de instrumentos de autorresposta que mediam as variáveis em estudo. Por recurso a Modelos de Equações Estruturais, foram examinadas as trajetórias entre pensamentos sociais negativos e ansiedade social, diretamente e indiretamente através da atenção auto-focada e dos comportamentos de procura de segurança. Os resultados apontam para a presença de efeitos positivos dos pensamentos sociais negativos na ansiedade social, quer diretamente, quer indiretamente através da atenção auto-focada e pelos comportamentos de segurança, sequencialmente. Estes resultados oferecem evidência para a aplicabilidade do modelo de Clark e Wells em adolescentes e fundamentam a utilização de intervenções clínicas baseadas no mesmo em adolescentes com PAS.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) typically has its onset during adolescence. It is associated with serious and persistent impairment throughout life and tends to be particularly persistent, especially in the absence of treatment. Moreover, literature offers undeniable evidence supporting the high prevalence rates of the disorder in adolescents. There is considerable empirical evidence for Clark and Wells’ cognitive model of SAD maintenance factors in adults. Although research has shown that treatments based on cognitive models were also effective in adolescents with anxiety disorders, research addressing factors that may be responsible for the maintenance of SAD in adolescents is still scarce. This study aimed to fill this gap, by exploring simultaneous relationships between negative social thoughts and beliefs, self-focused attention, safety-seeking behaviors, and social anxiety as described by theory, in a clinical sample of adolescents. Participants were recruited within school settings and assessed through a structured clinical interview for the assessment of mental disorders (MINI-KID). Forty adolescents (Mage = 16.13, SD = .76) with a primary diagnosis of SAD completed a set of self-report measures assessing the variables included in the model. Using SEM techniques, pathways linking negative social thoughts and beliefs and social anxiety, directly, and indirectly through self-focused attention and safety-seeking behaviors were examined. Findings revealed that negative social thoughts and beliefs yielded positive effects on social anxiety, both directly and indirectly, through self-focused attention and safety-seeking behaviors sequentially. These findings offer evidence for the applicability of the model to this age range and support the use of clinical interventions based on Clark and Wells’ cognitive model of social anxiety, delivered to adolescents with SAD.
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Yuan-Jhe and 張元哲. "Sensitivity Enhancement of Cannabinoids Hair Testing using Large-Volume Injection and Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Negative Ion Chemical ionization." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85845492940363960836.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中山醫學大學
醫學分子毒理學研究所
97
The detection of cannabinoids in hair is a great analytical challenge. Due to the weak incorporation rate of the acidic metabolite into the hair matrix, the concentration of 11-nor-Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol-9- carboxylic acid (THC-COOH) is very low. The relatively low concentration of cannabinoids in hair can be explained by the following: THC is highly bound to protein in plasma, THC exhibits no melanin affinity, and a negatively charged compound like 9-carboxy-THC will be repelled by the hair matrix. Therefore, SAMHSA suggested 1 pg/mg as the initial cutoff concentration for marijuana metabolites and 0.05 pg/mg as the cutoff concentration for the confirmatory test. The determination THC-COOH in human hair required very high sensitivity. In general, the conventional technique to detect the low concentration of THC-COOH is GC/MS-MS instrumentation. However, GC/MS-MS has few disadvantages like to expensive and difficult to operate. In this study, a high sensitive and specific GC/MS-NCI method, based on large-volume programmed-temperature vaporization (LV-PTV) injection, has been developed for the analysis assay of THC-COOH in hair. Hair specimens were washed, alkaloid hydrolysis, then subjected to solid-phase extraction to reduce matrix, and a 25 μL aliquot of an extract was injected using large-volume injection technique, finally analyzed with negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/MS-NCI). According this result, the recovery of THC-COOH in this method could reach 93 %. Our method utilizes large-volume injection could obviously improved sensitivity and the detection limit was 0.05 pg/mg. This is the publication describing the use of large-volume injection and NCI mass spectrometry for the determination of THC-COOH in hair.
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Stewart, JEREMY. "Testing an Integrated Interpersonal Theory of Depression: The Role of Dysphoria, Negative Relationship Cognitions and Excessive Reassurance-Seeking in Predicting Rejection." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/8078.
Full textAbstract:
Coyne’s (1976) interpersonal theory of depression proposes that individuals suffering from depressive symptoms tend to engage in excessive reassurance-seeking (ERS), defined as repetitively asking for assurances from close others about one’s lovability and worth. Research has shown that ERS is associated with negative evaluations from close others and lower partner-reported romantic relationship satisfaction, specifically (Starr & Davila, 2008). In a recent elaboration of Coyne’s theory, Evraire and Dozois (2011) proposed that ERS might only lead to rejection among individuals who possess core beliefs about the instability and unpredictability of relationships. The primary goal of the current study was to provide the first empirical test of this revised model. Furthermore, I sought to extend previous research in 2 important ways by: 1) employing both self-reported and behaviorally-assessed measures of ERS and 2) defining rejection in objective, behavioral terms. I recruited a sample of 118 women who attended an initial laboratory session with their male dating partners. The couple completed measures of ERS, depressive symptoms, anxious attachment (AA), rejection sensitivity (RS), and relationship satisfaction, and engaged in a laboratory task that was later coded for incidences of female ERS. AA and RS were combined to index core beliefs reflecting insecurity in relationships (i.e., “negative relationship cognitions”; NRC). Women completed a contextual interview to retrospectively assess historical romantic relationship rejection events. The women were re-contacted four months later to determine their relationship status. Consistent with hypotheses, behavioral ERS was significantly associated with concurrent male relationship dissatisfaction, but only among dysphoric women with high NRC. Surprisingly, ERS was only significantly associated with historical rejection in non-dysphoric women with low levels of NRC. In the prospective models, I found a main effect of self-reported ERS on partner-initiated rejection, but behavioral ERS was only associated with rejection among non-dysphoric women. My results were inconsistent with theory and previous research in models defining rejection behaviorally. Thus, I proposed revisions to existing interpersonal models to better capture the relationship between ERS and “real-world” rejection. My results underscore the importance of evaluating ERS in a particular relationship when predicting rejection outcomes in that specific relationship.Thesis (Ph.D, Psychology) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-13 13:39:01.64
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Chiu, Yi-Hsiang, and 邱逸翔. "The Mediating Effect of Teaching Belief: Testing the Causal Model of Thinking Styles, Positive and Negative Affect, and Teaching Effectiveness among Physical Education Teachers." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92403873260051148609.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺北巿立體育學院
運動教育研究所
99
The purpose of this study was to verify transference by testing the causal model of thinking styles, positive and negative emotion, and teaching efficacy with the teaching beliefs as the mediator. Data were analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling. 244 elementary physical education teachers were stratified sampling in Taipei City. The Scales of PE teaching efficacy, thinking styles in physical education, positive and negative emotion, and teaching beliefs in physical education were used in this study. Results indicated that the teaching beliefs was the mediating effect of thinking styles and teaching efficacy. Positive and negative emotion was direct effect of teaching efficacy. Based on the conclusions, the teachers had the characteristics of different teaching beliefs by using different thinking styles, and finally, the teaching beliefs affected teaching efficacy in PE classes.