Books on the topic 'Negative parity'
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1
Negative change in Ghana. Accra: Selling Ghana Publications, 2002.
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2
Traveset, Anna, and David M. Richardson, eds. Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0000.
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Abstract This book contains 23 chapters divided into seven parts. Part I reviews the key hypotheses in invasion ecology that invoke biotic interactions to explain aspects of plant invasion dynamics; and reviews models, theories and hypotheses on how invasion performance and impact of introduced species in recipient ecosystems can be conjectured according to biotic interactions between native and non-native species. Part II deals with positive and negative interactions in the soil. Part III discusses mutualistic interactions that promote plant invasions. Part IV describes antagonistic interactions that hinder plant invasions, while part V presents the consequences of plant invasions for biotic interactions among native species. In part VI, novel techniques and experimental approaches in the study of plant invasions are shown. In the last part, biotic interactions and the management of ecosystems invaded by non-native plants are discussed.
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Haile-Mariam, Mengistu. Eighth Party Plenum denounces negative response of terrorists to peace call: Excerpts from the central report presented by Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam...to the Eighth Plenum of the CC of the WPE. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Information, 1988.
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4
Constaín Aragón, Alfredo José, and Efraín Bernal Alzate. Electrónica análoga. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789588939551.
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Este texto se orienta fundamentalmente, al diseño, pero haciendo énfasis en la presencia de la realimentación (retroalimentación) negativa como concepto básico de estabilización de la operación de los circuitos. Interesa simultáneamente: entender cómo operan los circuitos analógicos completos a partir de las características operativas de sus unidades aisladas, aprender a colocar las configuraciones óptimas con los valores correctos de los componentes, cualquiera que sea el objetivo del circuito (Diseño), aprender a establecer las relaciones mutuas entre los valores de esos componentes para que el diseño sea repetible (Diseño con retroalimentación negativa), presentar modelos físicos de los dispositivos activos mejor que modelos circuitales convencionales. Esta variante permite trabajar con facilidad ensambles multi-etapa y presentar diversos ejemplos resueltos para indicar detalladamente los procesos de diseño.
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Masleeva, Ol'ga, German Pachurin, Aleksandr Sevost'yanov, and Anatoliy Fitasov. Safe operation of power supply systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1029790.
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The main purpose of the textbook is to identify dangerous and harmful production factors during the operation of electrical equipment of the main step-down substations and transformer substations. Specific measures are proposed to reduce their negative impact on service personnel.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For bachelors and masters of full-time and part-time education in the areas of training 13.03.02 and 13.04.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering". It can be used by teachers, engineers and specialists in the operation of industrial equipment and the safe organization of work in production, as well as by a wide range of readers interested in the problems of human life safety.
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Carli, Massimo, ed. Materiali sulla qualità della normazione. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-578-8.
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La tematica della buona normazione sta fi nalmente uscendo, anche in Italia, dalle sedi tecniche degli addetti ai lavori. Anche una legge chiara, scritta bene, comprensibile può essere, nel merito, una pessima legge. Per questo si cominciano a introdurre nel procedimento legislativo, statale e regionale, obblighi di valutazione della fattibilità della futura legge sia preventivi sia "successivi" per verificare se gli effetti previsti si sono realizzati e, in caso negativo, predisporre gli opportuni rimedi. Il volume raccoglie sei saggi, divisi in due parti: nella prima si affrontano alcuni problemi emersi nell'esperienza applicativa italiana in materia di qualità della normazione e, nella seconda, viene fatto il punto sulle esperienze regionali italiana, olandese, del Regno Unito e della Spagna.
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Ahmad-Noor, Farish, and Peter-Brian Ramsay Carey, eds. Racial Difference and the Colonial Wars of 19th Century Southeast Asia. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723725.
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The colonisation of Southeast Asia was a long and often violent process where numerous military campaigns were waged by the colonial powers across the region. The notion of racial difference was crucial in many of these wars, as native Southeast Asian societies were often framed in negative terms as 'savage' and 'backward' communities that needed to be subdued and 'civilised'. This collection of critical essays focuses on the colonial construction of race and looks at how the colonial wars in 19th-century Southeast Asia were rationalised via recourse to theories of racial difference, making race a significant factor in the wars of Empire. Looking at the colonial wars in Java, Borneo, Siam, the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula and other parts of Southeast Asia, the essays examine the manner in which the idea of racial difference was weaponised by the colonising powers and how forms of local resistance often worked through such colonial structures of identity politics.
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Piscopo, Jennifer M. Parity without Equality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0009.
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Jennifer M. Piscopo examines how the crisis of representation in Costa Rica has placed a ceiling on gender equality in representation. The restructuring of the Costa Rican party system and party fragmentation has made electing multiple candidates from any one ballot more difficult. Top spots have become even more prestigious and more likely to be allocated to men, which reduces women’s electoral chances. Corruption scandals, party breakdown, citizen frustration, and economic problems tainted the administration of the nation’s first female president, Laura Chinchilla. Female legislators have often worked to promote women’s issues and feminist policies, but Chinchilla eschewed feminism, even though several of her policies did benefit women. Overall, her failed presidency may create difficulties for other women seeking top political offices and could have negative consequences for views of women in politics. These challenges notwithstanding, Piscopo concludes that Costa Rica remains at the vanguard of women’s political representation in Latin America.
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Lagowski, Jolanta Barbara. Theoretical evidence for bound odd parity states in negative ions of the fourth period elements. 1988.
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10
Déprez, Viviane, and M. Teresa Espinal, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Negation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198830528.001.0001.
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In this volume, international experts in negation provide a comprehensive overview of cross-linguistic and philosophical research in the field, as well as accounts of more recent results from experimental linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neuroscience. The volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to fundamental questions ranging from why negation displays so many distinct linguistic forms to how prosody and gesture participate in the interpretation of negative utterances. Following an introduction from the editors, the chapters are arranged in eight parts that explore, respectively, the fundamentals of negation; issues in syntax; the syntax–semantics interface; semantics and pragmatics; negative dependencies; synchronic and diachronic variation; the emergence and acquisition of negation; and experimental investigations of negation. The volume will be an essential reference for students and researchers across a wide range of disciplines, and will facilitate further interdisciplinary work in the field.
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Bitter, István, ed. Managing Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198840121.001.0001.
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Negative symptoms are considered to be the fundamental symptoms of schizophrenia. This book provides up-to-date, practical information on the management of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by describing the concepts, definitions, long-term course, evaluation (including rating scales), and treatment of such symptoms. Along with symptoms based on clinical interview and observed behaviour, the subjective experience of people with negative symptoms of schizophrenia is also described. The book helps the reader understand the link between the latest research in this field and offers an expert insight into the various approaches that are adopted by some of the most prestigious schools of psychopathology. The first chapter guides the reader through the complex and sometimes contradictory interpretations of negative symptoms. It also describes the most commonly used negative symptom rating scales. Some of the scales or parts of them are included in the Appendix. The chapter on the basic symptoms of schizophrenia and their relationship to negative symptoms can lend support both for early intervention programmes and for the long-term follow-up of patients. It describes the evaluation of basic symptoms and provides information on currently used rating instruments developed for the standardized evaluation of such symptoms. The delineation of the long-term relationship between primary negative and positive symptoms and between primary and secondary negative symptoms in the Chapter 3 can be instrumental in the diagnostic process and personalized treatment of schizophrenia, which is characterized by complex and varying psychopathology and comorbidities (e.g. depression, extrapyramidal symptoms). Chapter 4 on the subjective experiences of patients with negative symptoms contributes to a better understanding of patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It also includes a description of a number a rating instruments focusing on the subjective experiences of the patients. Chapters 5 and 6, on treatments, including the pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for negative symptoms in schizophrenia, provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.
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Rahat, Gideon, and Ofer Kenig. Party Change and Political Personalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808008.003.0011.
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The chapter presents an empirical cross-national analysis of the relationship between the two processes of party change and political personalization. It demonstrates that there is indeed a moderate negative correlation between partyness and personalization when we focus on what happens off-line in the more veteran democracies. It also explains why, in some cases, partyness and personalization will not be in zero-sum relationships. It then turns to the question of the causal direction of this relationship: does party decline cause personalization, or is it the other way round? While it makes sense that the two should interact, our argument is that decline in partyness occurred first and was in fact one of the causes of personalization.
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Breitbarth, Anne, and Agnes Jäger. History of negation in High and Low German. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0010.
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The expression of sentential negation follows Jespersen’s Cycle in the history of High and Low German, from a verbal clitic neg-particle (stage I) in the earliest stages of attestation via a bi-partite expression (stage II) to a free adverbial negator (stage III) in the present-day languages. Besides the expression of negation, also the interaction between sentential negation and indefinites in its scope changes, from the original verbal neg-particle co-occurring with n-free indefinites and the neg-particle co-occurring with neg-marked indefinites (Negative Concord) to neg-marked indefinites without a sentential negator, in the wake of the loss of the old neg-particle. Though these developments are largely similar, they happen at different speeds, and differ in points of detail.
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Carrión, Victor G., John A. Turner, and Carl F. Weems. Self-Injurious Behaviors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190201968.003.0006.
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Self-injurious behaviors represent a heterogeneous group of behaviors that affect the individual negatively either in a physiological, physical, and/or emotional manner. Many children who have survived a traumatic event engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) as a diversely expressed, maladaptive coping mechanism that has been associated with a variety of negative outcomes across the lifespan. The current chapter discusses the preclinical literature that informs our understanding of these behaviors, the various instruments used to assess them, and research on adults and children who engage in self-injurious behaviors (SIB). Several theoretical models for the neurological substrates of SIB are compared, suggesting that SIB use several parts of the brain to manage otherwise uncontrollable cascades of negative affect in PTSD. Challenges, such as the stigma surrounding SIB engagement and its strong association with borderline personality disorder, as well as future directions, including potential SIB directed pharmacological interventions, are discussed.
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Breitbarth, Anne, Christopher Lucas, and David Willis. The History of Negation in the Languages of Europe and the Mediterranean. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199602544.001.0001.
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The book constitutes the second volume of the two-volume work The history of negation in the languages of Europe and the Mediterranean. While the first volume united a rich collection of ten case studies, the current second volume turns to the patterns and processes in the historical development of the expression of negation and its interaction with indefinites from a more general theoretical perspective. The volume is subdivided into two parts, one dealing with Jespersen’s cycle and one dealing with developments affecting indefinites in the scope of negation (the quantifier and free-choice cycles), including the diachronic development of negative concord. In each case, there are relevant empirical observations across the languages of Europe and the Mediterranean. The book considers both language-internal and language-contact motivations for the changes observed, developing a generative account of the developments in terms of semantic change, reanalysis, and child-language acquisition, integrating insights from functionalist approaches that invoke language use as a motivation behind these cycles. Language contact is shown to have played a significant role in the spread of negation systems. The result is a holistic account of language change in the domain of negation, developed from comparing the diachronies of languages across Europe and incorporating insights from a wide range of theoretical perspectives.
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Adelaar, Willem F. H. Imperatives and commands in Quechua. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0002.
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The Quechuan languages of the Central Andes have a dedicated Imperative Mood paradigm featuring personal reference marking for all subject endings except first person. Non-canonical third person subject forms are part of this paradigm. Although there is a formal overlap between Future Tense and Imperative in marking of the first person inclusive subject, the former can be used in questions or be accompanied by validation markers, whereas the latter cannot. In imperative constructions negation is indicated in the same way as in other moods, except that it requires the presence of the prohibitive adverb ama, instead of plain negative mana. Conversely, ama can also be used in non-Imperative environments to express a mild or indirect command. It can be argued that Quechuan languages have two competing ways of indicating prohibition: Imperative structures with regular negation marking and obligatory presence of ama, and non-Imperative structures where ama introduces a prohibitive connotation.
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Kasperbauer, T. J. Dehumanizing Animals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190695811.003.0003.
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This chapter presents the core psychological account of the book. It reviews research on dehumanization toward human beings and explains how this process is similarly applied to non-human animals. It also makes a novel proposal for how animals could have come to present psychological threats to human beings and as a result be viewed negatively. The chapter describes ways in which animals are treated as part of an outgroup, even in the absence of overt hostility between humans and animals. Terror management theory and the psychology of dehumanization, fear, and disgust are used to explain how people make both positive and negative evaluations of animals. Evolutionary explanations for responding to animal threats are considered in order to further substantiate the importance of dehumanization in human attitudes toward animals.
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Koopmann-Holm, Birgit, and Jeanne L. Tsai. The Cultural Shaping of Compassion. Edited by Emma M. Seppälä, Emiliana Simon-Thomas, Stephanie L. Brown, Monica C. Worline, C. Daryl Cameron, and James R. Doty. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464684.013.21.
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In this chapter, we first review the existing literature on cross-cultural studies on compassion. While cultural similarities exist, we demonstrate cultural differences in the conception, experience, and expression of compassion. Then we present our own work on the cultural shaping of compassion by introducing Affect Valuation Theory (e.g., Tsai, Knutson, & Fung, 2006), our theoretical framework. We show how the desire to avoid feeling negative partly explains cultural differences in conceptualizations and expressions of compassion. Specifically, the more people want to avoid feeling negative, the more they focus on the positive (e.g., comforting memories) than the negative (e.g., the pain of someone’s death) when responding to others’ suffering, and the more they regard responses as helpful that focus on the positive (vs. negative). Finally, we discuss implications of our work for counseling, health care, and public service settings, as well as for interventions that aim to promote compassion.
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Mumford, Stephen. Absence and Nothing. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831532.001.0001.
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Nothing is not. Yet it seems that we invoke absences and nothings often in our philosophical explanations. Negative metaphysics is on the rise. It has been claimed that absences can be causes, there are negative properties, absences can be perceived, there are negative facts, and we can refer to and speak about nothing. Parmenides long ago ruled against such things. Here we consider how much of Parmenides’ view can survive. A soft Parmenidean methodology is adopted in which we aim to reject all supposed negative entities but are prepared to accept them, reluctantly, if they are indispensable and irreducible in our best theories. We then see whether there are any negative entities that survive this test. Some can be dismissed on metaphysical grounds, but other problems are explained only once we reject another strand in Parmenides and show how we can think and talk about nothing. Accounts of perception of absence, empty reference, and denial are gathered. With these, we can show how no truthmakers are required for negative truths since we can have negative beliefs, concerning what-is-not, without what-is-not being part of what is. This supports a soft ontological Parmenideanism, which accepts much though not all of Parmenides’ original position.
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Andrew, Tweeddale, and Tweeddale Keren. Part XIII Dispute Resolution in the Construction Industry, 36 Shifting the Burden of Proof: Revisiting Adjudication Decisions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198783206.003.0037.
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The concept of the burden of proof is a fundamental part of any adjudicative procedure-whether it be court proceedings, arbitration, or adjudication. Stepped dispute resolution clauses are now the norm in construction contracts and this chapter examines how these clauses affect the burden of proof. English law provides that in cases where the burden of proof is unclear-because the parties’ cases are equally weighted-the burden of proof lies on the party who would be unsuccessful if it did not produce any evidence. Also, it does not matter if a party is making an affirmative or negative assertion, the burden of proof still lies with that party. The chapter analyses the issue of whether an adjudicator’s decision shifts the burden of proof by considering cases such as Walker Construction (UK) Ltd v Quayside Homes Ltd, City Inn Ltd v Shepherd Construction Ltd, The Construction Centre Group Ltd v The Highland Council, and Aspect Contracts (Asbestos) Ltd v Higgins Construction Plc.
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Springfield, Liliana. Dead Sweet Boo Party: ANIMAL TWO Coloring Book for Adults, Large Print, Ability to Relax, Brain Experiences Relief, Lower Stress Level, Negative Thoughts Expelled, Achieve Mindfulness. Independently Published, 2020.
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De La Cadena Vivas, Elsa, Adriana María Correa Bermúdez, Ruth Ana Rojas Serrano, Aura Dayana Falco Restrepo, Carlos Andrés Aranaga Arias, Guillermina Alonso, and Marcela Perenguez Verdugo, eds. Estudios en resistencia a los antibióticos beta-lactámicos en bacterias Gram negativas. Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789585583924.
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Los grupos de Investigación en Microbiología, Industria y Ambiente (GIMIA) y en Química y Biotecnología (QUIBIO) hacen parte del Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones en Ciencias Básicas Ambientales y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CICBA), adscrito a la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas de la Universidad Santiago de Cali. Desde su comienzo esta unidad académico-administrativa ha procurado estar a la vanguardia en la investigación, en la tecnología y en la innovación. Es por ello que los grupos de investigación acordes con esta macrolínea se han preocupado por compartir sus avances en investigación e innovación en un marco de responsabilidad social. Es por ello que, en este libro llamado “Estudios en resistencia a los antibióticos beta-lactámicos en bacterias Gram negativas”, se recopilan tres trabajos de investigadores que forman parte de la producción intelectual de los grupos GIMIA y QUIBIO, en alianza con el Grupo de Resistencia y Epidemiología Hospitalaria (RAEH) de la Universidad El Bosque.
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Gerard, McMeel. Part III Particular Contractual Provisions, 26 The Integrity of the Instrument: ‘Entire Agreement’ and ‘Non-Reliance’ Clauses. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198755166.003.0026.
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This chapter examines the approach of the courts to ‘entire agreement’ and ‘non-reliance’ clauses. Such clauses seek to protect the integrity of the instrument. Modern commercial contracts have spawned a cluster of provisions intended to protect the integrity of the written instrument itself. They do so by restricting its easy modification and the parties' recourse to extra-contractual remedies—clauses requiring variations or waivers to be in writing or evidenced by signatures of senior personnel, clauses negating reliance on statements during negotiations, and entire agreement clauses. The chapter shows that whilst these clauses cannot wholly negate the characterization of the question of whether the agreement is integrated in writing as an issue of fact, they may have the effect of making a judge more sceptical of arguments that the agreement is to be found partly inside and partly outside the four corners of a document.
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Springfield, Liliana. Dead Sweet Boo Party: SIMPLE MANDALA TWO Coloring Book for Adults, Large Print, Ability to Relax, Brain Experiences Relief, Lower Stress Level, Negative Thoughts Expelled, Achieve Mindfulness. Independently Published, 2020.
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Dead Sweet Boo Party: SIMPLE MANDALA ONE Coloring Book for Adults, Large Print, Ability to Relax, Brain Experiences Relief, Lower Stress Level, Negative Thoughts Expelled, Achieve Mindfulness. Independently Published, 2020.
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26
Benkler, Yochai, Robert Faris, and Hal Roberts. Polarization in American Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0010.
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This chapter reviews the political science literature on polarization, showing that polarization in American politics long precedes the internet and results primarily from asymmetric political-elite-driven dynamics. This chapter first considers the polarization of political elites and the public before discussing how social identity begets party affiliation that helps explain why polarization can take on such deeply affective negative responses to partisans of the other party. The chapter shows that party elites, in particular elected representatives, have experienced significant party polarization in the sense that liberals and conservatives have mostly sorted themselves into Democrats and Republicans, respectively, and that the most visible component of this move was the realignment of Southern Democrats to the Republican Party. The broader population, if it has polarized at all, has polarized affectively—in the way it feels about the other party—rather than ideologically, or the practical policy preferences it holds.
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Garrison, Alysia. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423632.003.0014.
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Though more studies have been dedicated to the place of Kant in Agamben’s oeuvre, Hegel – that other major Enlightenment philosopher indispensable to modernity – holds an equally formative, if perhaps more subtle, place in his work. From the very earliest to the latest texts, Agamben’s work seeks to surpass the horizon of Western metaphysics through a philological engagement with the negative, formed in large part through a complex confrontation with Hegel. Agamben’s grappling with the dialectic in search of its idling is not merely strategic, but as he puts it, ‘one of the most urgent tasks today’ for a Marxist philosophy shored on its wreckage (IH 39). In ‘The Discreet Taste of the Dialectic’, Antonio Negri claims that the work of Agamben enables a ‘discreet dialectical rediscovery’ typifying left Hegelianism and the young Marx, resulting not in ‘the triumph of the Aufhebung‘, but in ‘the heroism of the negative’.1 Rather than valorising the negative, however, as Agamben painstakingly argues in his early text Language and Death, it is precisely the negative structure of the Voice, or, in Hegel’s terms, the ‘bad infinity’ predicted on division, that Agamben’s thought seeks to absolve (LD 100).
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Wright Rigueur, Leah. The Time of the Black Elephant. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159010.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses how for African Americans, the events of the mid-1970s only served to reinforce an already contentious relationship with the Grand Old Party (GOP)—frustrations that were born out of the party's years of equivocation over issues of black concern. The GOP's extreme electoral woes with African Americans were rooted in Goldwater's enduring legacy. More than a decade later, black voters still held an image of a national party driven by states' rights advocates, white southern conservatives, anti-civil rights politicians, and wealthy elites who disdained the “common man.” The Washington Post observed that the Republican Party appeared to be a political machine engaged in constant antagonisms and reactionary battles and had done very little to dispel its negative identity with black communities.
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Rosenblatt, Fernando. Chile. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190870041.003.0004.
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This chapter analyzes the major Chilean political parties: PSCh, DC, RN, UDI, and PPD. Chile has had stable parties for an extended period, and some of its parties have had long trajectories. Since the 2000s, the country has witnessed a process of party decay. The UDI is the only party where, at the time of fieldwork, all causal factors were observed, and it was also the only vibrant party. The chapter highlights the waning effect of Trauma, shows the potential trade-off between Trauma and Channels of Ambition, and illustrates the deleterious effect of the absence of Purpose for the reproduction of party vibrancy. Also, as other scholars have shown, the Chilean institutional setting, before the electoral reforms of 2015, demonstrates the negative effect of high Exit Barriers on party vibrancy. Finally, the chapter closes with a discussion of events circa 2015–2016 that have accelerated the process of organizational decay.
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Cheek, Timothy. Mao and Maoism. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.041.
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Mao Zedong played a central role in leading the largest communist revolution in the world outside the Soviet Union and in the ‘creative developments’ or ‘Sinification’ of Marxist-Leninist orthodoxy to suit Chinese conditions. He combined the roles of Lenin and Stalin. The essay traces his rise to power in the Chinese Communist Party between the 1920s and 1949 and his career as leader of the People’s Republic of China from 1949 to 1976, looking at the part he played in key moments, including developments in the Yan’an base area from the late 1930s, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution. The essay examines the central ideas in Mao’s philosophy, such as the primacy of practice, contradiction, rectification, and concern with bureaucracy. It goes on to explore key debates in the historiography and asks what ‘Maoism’ really means. The personality cult around Chairman Mao culminated in outrageous veneration in the 1960s and his memory today elicits strong feelings, both positive and negative. Despite his many mistakes and towering cruelty, he is still widely respected in China, as can be seen from his appropriation in popular culture. His ideas continue to be influential in parts of Asia and Latin America and his image is still invoked by contending interests in China.
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McBride, Mark, and Visa AJ Kurki, eds. Without Trimmings. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868866.001.0001.
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Abstract This expansive volume is a celebration of Professor Matthew Kramer. The contributions focus on Kramer’s work on legal philosophy, metaethics, normative ethics, and political philosophy. The volume is divided into six parts, each focusing on a different aspect of Kramer’s work. The first part, Rights and Right-holding, contains five essays addressing Kramer’s work on rights and right-holding, including the Hohfeldian analysis and the interest theory of right-holding. The four essays in the second part, General Jurisprudence, focus on Kramer’s work in general jurisprudence, from the compatibility of legal positivism with universal legal error, to his robust defense of inclusive legal positivism, concluding with reflections on his writings on the rule of law. The third part, General Matters of Ethics, contains two essays addressing Kramer’s metaethical work on moral realism as a moral doctrine. The fourth and fifth parts, Freedom and Liberalism, have four essays falling within political philosophy, probing Kramer’s work on negative freedom and political liberalism, respectively. The sixth part, Applied Ethics, contains two essays on Kramer’s work on capital punishment and freedom of expression. The collection is rounded off by reflections on, and replies to, the contributions by Kramer himself.
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Hetherington, Marc J., and Thomas J. Rudolph. Political Trust and Polarization. Edited by Eric M. Uslaner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274801.013.15.
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Trust in government in the United States has become increasingly polarized along partisan lines. Republicans and Democrats are now quite reluctant to trust government when the other party is in power. This chapter explores the sources and consequences of polarized political trust. Analysis of panel data suggests that polarized trust is the result of negative affect toward opposing partisans and a motivated reasoning process in which partisans place greater weight on the evaluative criteria that favor their preferred political party. The chapter further shows that polarized trust has important consequences for individuals’ policy preferences. We explain how the polarization of political trust has contributed to ongoing political dysfunction in Washington. In particular, the results suggest that the polarization of trust encourages party leaders to do what is best for their political party even if it is not best for the larger public interest.
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Ferraro, Kenneth F. Ageism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190665340.003.0007.
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Negative views of aging are pervasive and pernicious, and arise, in part, from a failure to recognize the heterogeneity of the older adult population. Many people, at various ages, view the aging process pejoratively, thereby exaggerating the declines associated with growing older, Ageism also may entail unfair treatment toward older people, often manifest as neglect and exclusion. The consequences of ageism are notable, including accelerated declines in biological, psychological, and social functioning as well as ignoring or minimizing the intellectual and creative potential of older adults. To counter negative views of growing older, examples of late life genius and creative endeavor are profiled.
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Willumsen, David M. Theoretical Framework. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805434.003.0002.
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This chapter sets out the theoretical framework of the book, and develops the hypotheses to be tested. It argues that the attitudes of MPs to party unity will be shaped by the career, electoral, and other political incentives they face, and so reflect the extent to which MPs’ experiences of the expectation to maintain party unity is positive or negative. It then develops three measurements of policy incentives to dissent in floor votes in multiparty legislatures, each corresponding to a different assumption about how MPs approach floor voting. Further, the chapter discusses the case selection and the quality of the data used in the book.
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Kenny, Paul D. Understanding Populism and Why It Matters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807872.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the concept of populism in greater detail and also describes how party systems are measured and classified. Rather than conceive of populism as a type of thin political ideology, this book understands populism as a distinctively personalistic type of political movement or organization in which charismatic leaders look to directly mobilize mass constituencies through the media and other means. The chapter next distinguishes between programmatic, patronage, and populist party systems, based on which type of party is most common. Finally, the chapter provides a quantitative analysis of the consequences of populist electoral success for democracy across a number of indicators. It shows that populist rule has generally negative consequences for the functioning of liberal democracy, which makes the effort to understand populist electoral success all the more pressing.
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Gottwald, Franz-Theo, Jan Plagge, and Franz Josef Radermacher, eds. Klimapositive Landwirtschaft. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828877603.
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This book highlights the important role of nature-based solutions in achieving global energy, development and climate goals through a transformation of agriculture and forestry. They are the only available, widely usable and affordable mechanism today for getting CO2 back out of the atmosphere (negative emissions). The described approach allows Africa, India and other emerging countries to follow China's development path - without negative climate impact. The considerations of the authors from the environment of the Senate of the Economy and its foundation were partly developed in close coordination with the German Federal Ministry for Development and Economic Cooperation. With contributions by Harry Assenmacher, Dirk Walterspacher; Dr. Christoph Brüssel; Azadeh Farajpour; Felix Finkbeiner; Prof. Dr. Franz-Theo Gottwald; Siegfried Griese; Prof. Estelle Herlyn; Dr. Anita Idel; Bundesminister Dr. Gerd Müller; Jan Plagge; Prof. Dr. Franz-Josef Radermacher; Martin Seitle, Martin Wild and Holger Stromberg.
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Feyaerts, Kurt, and Lieven Boeve. Religious Metaphors at the Crossroads between Apophatical Theology and Cognitive Linguistics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0003.
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This chapter introduces an interdisciplinary approach to the study of religious discourse, inspired by the observation that the tradition of negative theology, rediscovered by postmodern philosophy and theology, shares major points of interest with the cognitive theory of language. Its primary goal is an attempt to compare two epistemological systems in a fruitful and promising way. There are three major parts. The first deals with aspects of apophatical (or negative) theology and presents its rediscovery by postmodern theology. The second describes central aspects of cognitive semantics, with special attention to the theory of conceptual metaphor. The third brings the two theories together in search of both similarities and differences. It will be shown that there are common points of interest and methodology, and that each approach can contribute to the other, offering possible benefits to theology.
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Goldman, Alan H. Representation in Art. Edited by Jerrold Levinson. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279456.003.0010.
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Of all the long-standing debates that raise doubts about progress in philosophy, that concerning the nature of representation in the arts stands out. For Plato's analysis, charitably interpreted and amplified, holds up remarkably well in the face of strong criticism earlier in this century and yet more recent revisions. And the question that he raised about the value of representation as he analysed it, while less prominent as a philosophical topic, proves still difficult to answer, although here it is much clearer that Plato is wrong in the negative answer he gave. At the centre of the former debate is the question whether representation depends essentially on resemblance, but this is just part of Plato's analysis, and the other parts, while only implicit, have been unduly neglected.
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Craddock, Emma. Living Against Austerity. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529205701.001.0001.
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With austerity’s disproportionately heavy impact on women now apparent, this engaging book considers activism against it from a feminist perspective. Emma Craddock goes deep inside activist culture to explore the many cultural and emotional dimensions of political participation. She questions what motivates and sustains protest, considering the enabling aspects of solidarity and empathy, as well as the constraining factors of negative emotions and gendered barriers associated with activism, examining the role of gender and emotion within protest. This is a lived-in study that gets to the heart of what it means to be an anti-austerity activist and an important addition to social justice debate. The book is organised into four parts. The first part establishes the theoretical and empirical context; the second part explores the enabling and constraining factors of political participation (‘doing activism’); the third part discusses the two main activist identity constructions in the local anti-austerity activist culture and the ‘dark side’ of activist culture that these feed (‘being activist’); the fourth and final part provides concluding remarks about the ambivalence of anti-austerity activist culture and the difficulty of resisting such a pervasive force as neoliberal capitalism.
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Bohdanowicz, Zbigniew. Klimatyczne ABC. Interdyscyplinarne podstawy współczesnej wiedzy o zmianie klimatu. Edited by Magdalena Budziszewska and Aleksandra Kardaś. University of Warsaw Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/uw.9788323547303.
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In the face of the climate crisis, education based on the current scientific knowledge is an exceptionally urgent need. This textbook was created on the initiative of the scientists associated with the “UW for Climate” team, by 16 experts from the University of Warsaw and other academic centers, representing various fields of knowledge, such as physics, chemistry, biology, ecology, economics, psychology and engineering. Thus, it is an interdisciplinary textbook, just like the issue of climate change itself. The textbook is addressed to the university students interested in the basics of knowledge about climate change, regardless of the field of their study, as well as to the high school students and teachers. The individual topics of the “Climate ABC” are related to such areas of school knowledge as: physics, chemistry, biology and ecology, geography and social studies. The textbook also accompanies the online course under the same name offered by the University of Warsaw. The book is divided into four parts, presenting the mechanisms of global warming (part 1), its causes (part 2), consequences (part 3) and actions that can prevent the most negative effects of climate change (part 4).
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Wheeldon, Marianne. Reputational Entrepreneurs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190631222.003.0002.
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This chapter considers four music critics and three performers—Emile Vuillermoz, Charles Koechlin, Louis Laloy, Léon Vallas, D. E. Inghelbrecht, Marguerite Long, and Alfred Cortot—whose writings in the postwar years helped to combat the negative press that surrounded Debussy after his death. Viewing these personalities through the lens of the “reputational entrepreneur” sheds light not only on what they wrote on behalf of Debussy, but also on how and why they wrote what they did. By drawing on multiple sources, this chapter provides an interpretation of their motivations that makes it possible to read between the lines of the narratives they constructed around the figure of Debussy. Indeed, the manner in which they defended and perpetuated Debussy’s reputation was in large part a result of how they renegotiated their own professional positions in the unsettled musical environment of postwar Paris.
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Chambers, Clare. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744009.003.0008.
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The introduction sets out the arguments of Against Marriage: An Egalitarian Defence of the Marriage-Free State. It starts with the question of the intended audience for the book, discussing the implications for those with both personal and political commitments. It outlines the negative thesis against marriage offered in Part One, and the positive thesis in favour of an alternative regulatory structure in Part Two. It summarizes the contents of each chapter. It also includes a discussion of the book’s location within ideal and non-ideal theory.
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Behuria, Pritish, and Tom Goodfellow. The Disorder of ‘Miracle Growth’ in Rwanda. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801641.003.0008.
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This chapter analyses how Rwanda has achieved near miracle growth rates of above 6 per cent (excluding 2003 and 2013) since 1994. This is due to the country being led by a strong dominant party which has resulted in a stable deals environment within the country. The pursuit of growth has led the Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF) to drive for a more open deals space, yet retaining some closed deals space for strategic interests. However, growth maintenance in the country remains dependent on commodity price fluctuations, access to foreign aid, and the maintenance of a stable political settlement. This leaves Rwanda’s growth episodes vulnerable to external shocks and negative feedback loops.
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Fuss, Sabine. The 1.5°C Target, Political Implications, and the Role of BECCS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.585.
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The 2°C target for global warming had been under severe scrutiny in the run-up to the climate negotiations in Paris in 2015 (COP21). Clearly, with a remaining carbon budget of 470–1,020 GtCO2eq from 2015 onwards for a 66% probability of stabilizing at concentration levels consistent with remaining below 2°C warming at the end of the 21st century and yearly emissions of about 40 GtCO2 per year, not much room is left for further postponing action. Many of the low stabilization pathways actually resort to the extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere (known as negative emissions or Carbon Dioxide Removal [CDR]), mostly by means of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): if the biomass feedstock is produced sustainably, the emissions would be low or even carbon-neutral, as the additional planting of biomass would sequester about as much CO2 as is generated during energy generation. If additionally carbon capture and storage is applied, then the emissions balance would be negative. Large BECCS deployment thus facilitates reaching the 2°C target, also allowing for some flexibility in other sectors that are difficult to decarbonize rapidly, such as the agricultural sector. However, the large reliance on BECCS has raised uneasiness among policymakers, the public, and even scientists, with risks to sustainability being voiced as the prime concern. For example, the large-scale deployment of BECCS would require vast areas of land to be set aside for the cultivation of biomass, which is feared to conflict with conservation of ecosystem services and with ensuring food security in the face of a still growing population.While the progress that has been made in Paris leading to an agreement on stabilizing “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and “pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” was mainly motivated by the extent of the impacts, which are perceived to be unacceptably high for some regions already at lower temperature increases, it has to be taken with a grain of salt: moving to 1.5°C will further shrink the time frame to act and BECCS will play an even bigger role. In fact, aiming at 1.5°C will substantially reduce the remaining carbon budget previously indicated for reaching 2°C. Recent research on the biophysical limits to BECCS and also other negative emissions options such as Direct Air Capture indicates that they all run into their respective bottlenecks—BECCS with respect to land requirements, but on the upside producing bioenergy as a side product, while Direct Air Capture does not need much land, but is more energy-intensive. In order to provide for the negative emissions needed for achieving the 1.5°C target in a sustainable way, a portfolio of negative emissions options needs to minimize unwanted effects on non–climate policy goals.
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de Ridder, Denise, and Catharine Evers. “Stressed Spelled Backward Is Desserts”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499037.003.0012.
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This chapter discusses the relationship between affect and eating behavior from two points of view—how affect shapes eating behavior and how eating behavior generates affect—arguing that appreciating how affect influences eating behavior depends on understanding in what way eating generates affect. It first discusses biological and social-cultural perspectives on the pleasure of eating and posits that the inherently rewarding experience of eating is compromised by concerns about the health consequences of eating too much or by eating the wrong foods. The second part of this chapter explains in what way both negative and positive affect influences consumption and highlights the contrast between theoretical notions on the phenomenon of emotional eating and empirical findings. It elaborates on new avenues for investigating the association between affect and eating, including the role of positive emotions, emotions as justifications for overeating, and eating as a coping strategy for dealing with negative emotions.
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Saeed, Abdullah. Secularism, State Neutrality, and Islam. Edited by Phil Zuckerman and John R. Shook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988457.013.12.
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This chapter explores how Muslims understand secularism and respond to the idea of separating religion from the state. For many Muslims, secularism has negative connotations, as they understand it to be against religion, equivalent to irreligion or antireligion. Due to these preconceptions, a Muslim who calls for secularism to be accepted may face significant resistance in many Muslim-majority countries. Various historical, social, and political reasons account for why much of the Western world has moved to separate religion or the church from the state, even while religion has remained, in several instances, an explicit part of the state. There is ample room in Islamic thought to explore the basic issue of state neutrality vis--vis religion, but the language of political discourse must shift toward more neutral terms. The term “state neutrality” is more acceptable. Muslims can come to accept state neutrality, despite their negative historical experiences associated with secularism.
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Coyer, Megan. ‘Delta’: The Construction of a Nineteenth-Century Literary Surgeon. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474405607.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the construction of David Macbeth Moir (1798–1851), a prolific Blackwoodian author and surgeon, as a medical poet, by himself and others, both within Blackwood’s and beyond, as a key component of a redemptive counter-discourse of medical humanism. The idealistic image of the ‘humanistic’ literary medical man is read as developing, in part, as a counter to the negative cultural representations of medicine exacerbated by the anatomy murders as well as the growing divisions between medico-scientific and literary cultures and the perceived negative consequences of the ‘march of intellect’. Moir’s place within a tradition of literary medical men in Scotland and his role in debates surrounding the reform of medical education are discussed, as are key projects, including essays published in Blackwood’s and Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, his Outlines of the Ancient History of Medicine (1831), and his poetry.
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Brown, Alexander. Consequentialist Grounds for the Principles of Administrative Justice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812753.003.0006.
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Section I explores the possibility that the principles of administrative justice are partly grounded by the Difference Principle. Section II considers whether the administrative goods of trust-building and making credible commitments might also normatively support or ground principles concerning the protection of legitimate expectations. Section III looks to the more basic aim of minimizing the pain of frustration as normative support or grounding for my principles of administrative justice. Finally, Section IV considers whether the principles have any negative unintended consequences that could potentially derail the proposed consequentialist grounding of them.
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Maiden, Martin. The Romance languages and the Romance verb. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199660216.003.0003.
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In the first part of the chapter the Romance languages are defined, and the (largely negative) significance of the distinction between a language and a dialect for the morphological data is discussed. The sources for the data on verb morphology are reviewed, and some criteria for assessing the validity of these data are examined. Finally, a comparative–historical structural sketch of the morphology of the Latin and Romance verb is given.
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Nuyts, Jan, and Johan Van Der Auwera, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Modality and Mood. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.001.0001.
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This handbook offers an in depth and comprehensive state of the art survey of the linguistic domains of modality and mood and examines the full range of methodological and theoretical approaches to the phenomena involved. Following an opening section that provides an introduction and historical background to the topic, the volume is divided into five parts. Parts 1 and 2 present the basic linguistic facts about the systems of modality and mood in the languages of the world, covering the semantics and the expression of different subtypes of modality and mood respectively. The authors also examine the interaction of modality and mood, mutually and with other semantic categories such as aspect, time, negation, and evidentiality. In Part 3, authors discuss the features of the modality and mood systems in five typologically different language groups, while chapters in Part 4 deal with wider perspectives on modality and mood: diachrony, areality, first language acquisition, and sign language. Finally, Part 5 looks at how modality and mood are handled in different theoretical approaches: formal syntax, functional linguistics, cognitive linguistics and construction grammar, and formal semantics.