Journal articles on the topic 'Negative investment list'
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ZHENGYI, ZHANG, and YUE QIANG. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEGATIVE LIST REGULATION FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN CHINA." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 17, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2021-17-5-228-237.
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The promotion of the negative list management model represents an innovative trend of the host state to further relax investment access as well as foreign investment control in order to promote transnational foreign direct investment flow. Since the relatively strict investment control system has existed for a long time, the negative list model is undoubtedly a major institutional and management innovation of opening-up. In the future, the negative list management model would be gradually adopted and promoted by contracting states with the conclusion of regional investment agreements, and become the representative achievement of high-level regional and even international investment rules. The involvement would also gradually transit from developed economies to developing economies. Negative list would become a necessary part in the formation and negotiation of international economic and trade rules in the future, and promotion of negative list will also become an important trend in the development of international investment rules.
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Jakubczak, Jacek. "China’s Foreign Investment Encouraged Catalogue and Negative Lists as a Tool of Foreign Direct Investment Attraction." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 54, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2020.54.2.21-29.
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<p>Theoretical background: Due to the growing maturity of Chinese market the country needs to adjust its policy regarding foreign direct investment (FDI), i.e. to increase openness for FDI, to keep control over them in key industries and to influence their inflow in desired industries and regions. Adopting the negative-list approach and changes in both the negative list and encouraged industry catalogue provides tools for this challenge.</p><p>Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to present how changes in China’s Foreign Investment Encouraged Catalogue and Negative Lists both in free-trade zones (FTZs) and at the national level are used as a tool for managing country’s FDI inflow.</p><p>Research methods: Analysis of legal documents and reports as well as literature review.</p><p>Main findings: Starting from the adoption of negative-list approach in FTZs in 2013, the negative lists had been drastically reduced both in reference to FTZs and national level. Those reductions lead to a decrease in China FDI restrictiveness index. FTZs were used as a testing area for both the negative list composition and negative-list approach itself. Negative lists allowed the state to keep control over FDI in key industries allowing, at the same time, greater freedom for foreign investors. Encouraged catalogue is used not only as a tool for attracting FDI from desired industries but also for addressing regional inequalities.</p>
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Magiera, Stephen. "Indonesia's Investment Negative List: an evaluation for selected services sectors." Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 47, no. 2 (August 2011): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2011.585947.
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Xiaoyang, Zhang. "China’s New Foreign Investment Law." Amicus Curiae 2, no. 1 (October 23, 2020): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/ac.v2i1.5212.
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China’s legal framework for governing foreign investment has recently been considerably streamlined in comparison to its former self. The newly promulgated Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic tends to level the investment playing field in the country so that foreign investors can no longer enjoy significant privileges that have been unavailable to domestic firms and entrepreneurs. Operating a relatively nondiscriminatory mechanism, such as has been introduced, will in practice mean reliance on a negative list approach to confine inflows of overseas capital to specifically identify sensitive sectors. As China has committed its market to opening up on a much grander scale in the foreseeable future, the new foreign investment regime and accompanying ideology may not necessarily deter foreign investors from looking for opportunities in the foreseeable future.
Keywords: China; foreign investment; negative list; market opening-up
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Kuzminykh, Yu V., and E. A. Naumova. "MODERN TOOLS TO PROMOTE EXPORT-ORIENTED INVESTMENT PROJECTS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-3-451-459.
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Currently, in the field of foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation, the strategic task of increasing the volume of non-resource non-energy exports is being implemented, which is impossible without increasing the investment activity of Russian exporters. The authors have analyzed the current state, dynamics and structure of investments in the Russian Federation. A list of negative factors hindering the implementation of export-oriented investment projects has been determined. It is indicated that potential and existing investors in the field of foreign trade activities can take advantage of both general and specific measures to stimulate the investment process. Using the methods of comparison, system analysis and generalization, a characterization of modern measures of state support for the investment activities of export producers has been carried out, the most promising of which, according to the authors, are the corporate program to increase competitiveness, the mechanism of agreements on the protection and promotion of capital investments and the modernized version of the special investment contract. It has been identified what negative factors hindering the investment process can be minimized through the mechanisms under consideration to support investors from the state in the implementation of export-oriented projects. The conditions limiting the use of the analyzed tools to increase the investment activity of exporters are indicated. The results of the study can be used by potential investors when choosing a state program to stimulate investments in fixed capital of exporters of non-energy commodities.
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Tatiara, Wildatul Fitri, and Toshihiro Kudo. "The Impact of Negative Investment List (NIL) Introduction on Investment Decisions of Foreign and Domestic Investors in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 2, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v2i2.151.
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As an investment intervention policy, NIL is present to grant legal certainty to investors and invite more investment. Its existence has possible impacts on investment decisions. However, the studies of its effect are limited, focusing only on specific NIL versions and sectors. To fill this gap, the present paper investigates the impact of NIL introduction on the investment decisions of foreign and domestic investors in Indonesia by utilizing all NIL versions and business field-level data of the planned investment values from 2005 to 2018. The analysis shows, first, the NIL introduction may generate the investment inflows from both FDI and DDI. Second, there was a parallel movement of crowding-in effect between foreign and national firms responding to the investment opportunities open to both parties. This study suggests that more detailed and transparent information should be provided in the NIL to guarantee its effectiveness.
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Novoselova, L. V. "Attracting Foreign Investment to the Chinese Economy: the Latest Secured Approaches Law." Russian Economic Journal, no. 4 (August 2020): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2020-4-88-102.
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The article examines the current trends of China's current policy in attracting foreign direct investment. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the law of the people's Republic of China on foreign investment, which came into force in 2020 and replaced the three previous laws on enterprises with foreign capital participation. Based on the results of this analysis, a significant increase in the legal protection of foreign entrepreneurs was found. The new system of investment administration based on the application of the «negative list for foreign investments» with a gradual transition from the permissive to the notification procedure for the creation of enterprises of foreign capital is evaluated. It is characterized by a multi-level system of preferential financing areas and, above all, the last generation of these territories, represented by experimental free trade zones. The role of foreign entrepreneurship in overcoming the consequences of the «coronacrisis» is highlighted.
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Guo, Hua Bing. "The Research on the Influence of Negative List Mode on China’s Foreign Investment Access System." Korean Chinese Relations Review 4, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33575/kcrr.2018.4.3.101.
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王, 乔. "The Legal Analysis on the Negative List System of Foreign Investment in Free Trade Zone." Advances in Social Sciences 06, no. 05 (2017): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2017.65075.
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Chanyuan, Wang. "On the Development and Perfection of the Negative List system for Foreign Investment Admittance in China." Progress in Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (2021): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/pss.0303017.
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Priantara, Putu Herry Hermawan. "Hidden Potential of Arak Bali to be The World’s Seventh Spirit; from religious purpose to negative investment list." Bali Tourism Journal 3, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36675/btj.v3i1.36.
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In a joint meeting between Governor and Bali Regional House of Representatives on 11 February 2019, Bali Governor Wayan Koster expressed his interest to promote arak as a trademark of Bali, a traditional Balinese spirit. Arak is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage, generally produced in Southeast Asia and South Asia countries. Each region has its distinctive method in selecting the most delicate raw material as primary ingredient, to its patients and meticulous preparations in producing the best liquor. Religious activities becomes chief reason the art of liquor distilation present in the island of God, especially Arak. It serves as tetabuhan in traditional and religious ceremonies, a recreational beverage for adults or even utilize to make herbal paste. Some traditional farmer use Wariga as a reference to determine the perfect day to produce arak, therefore, the process becomes its distinctive feature. Realizing its hidden potential, Governor Koster expressed his interest in making Balinese Arak legal as a prospective industry to improve the communities economic welfare, by promoting it as a heritage-based product. Through departments in Provincial government, he prepares standardisation as well as legal basis to promote the liquor in tourism industry. However, the distilled spirit is classified as Alcohol type C on the law thus its distribution in full scale is strictly regulated by the law. Furthermore, Presidential Regulation which adds alcoholic beverages as negative investment list, become a high wall to climb before the customer could safely sip the product.
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Bhatt, P. R. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN." Foreign Trade Review 43, no. 3 (October 2008): 21–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515080302.
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The ASEAN region has become one of the most attractive investment locations in the developing world. It attracted FDI to the tune of US$19 billion in 2003. Among ASEAN countries, Singapore topped the list with US$11 billion FDI inflows followed by Malaysia (US$2.5 bn), Brunei (US$.0 bn), and Vietnam (USɁ5 bn) in 2003. An attempt has been made in this paper to understand the determinants of FDI in ASEAN. The empirical model is estimated for five countries of ASEAN and ASEAN region as a whole for the period 1976-2003. The estimation of the model shows that there is a positive influence of the size of the economy (GNI) on FDI inflows in the case of Indonesia and Singapore. The infrastructure is significant for Indonesia and Malaysia in attracting FDI. Exchange rate had influence on FDI for Malaysia. The openness of the economy was significant in attracting FDI for Indonesia. The model is estimated for panel data of ASEAN region by pooled least square method and fixed effect model. In the case of pooled least square method, gross national income (GNI) is very significant and having expected sign. This implies that market size attracted FDI in the ASEAN region. The depreciation of the currency attracted FDI inflows in ASEAN as indicated by the variable XR which is significant with negative sign. Infrastructure is another significant variable in this model. Openness variable is significant but negative sign. When the model was estimated by fixed effect model it is found that all variables are significant with expected sign except in the case of the variable openness.
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Sytnyk Ye. А. "Improvement of Regulatory Policy and Investment and Financial Calculations for the Formation of a Favorable Investment Environment in the Old Industrial Region." Herald of the Economic Sciences of Ukraine, no. 2(41) (December 16, 2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37405/1729-7206.2021.2(41).100-105.
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Based on the review of program documents on the development of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the article analyzes the shortcomings of the state strategies of economic development of Donetsk and Luhansk regions as an old-industrial region. Identified the main shortcomings of regulatory policy in terms of increasing transaction costs, and proposed modified formulas for improving the investment and financial calculations carried out during the justification of investment projects, in order to create a favorable investment environment in the old industrial region. An assessment of changes in the investment environment and changes in the role of industry as a leading type of economic activity. A number of shortcomings in the formation of favorable investment opportunities and weaknesses in state regional development programs have been identified. The list of subjects of the special regime of investment activity in the old industrial regions is revealed. On the basis of the components of the rating of doing business according to international comparisons, negative trends in the formation of the business climate in Ukraine have been identified. The need to adjust the standard set of measures to ensure the effective implementation of TPD within Donetsk and Luhansk regions has been proved. The necessity of taking into account transaction costs when calculating well-known criteria for the feasibility of investment projects is substantiated.
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Karaeva, Anzhelika Pirmamedovna, Elena Romenovna Magaril, Andrey Vladimirovich Kiselev, and Lucian-Ionel Cioca. "Screening of Factors for Assessing the Environmental and Economic Efficiency of Investment Projects in the Energy Sector." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 11716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811716.
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In view of the current agenda in the field of climate and environmental conservation, the requirements for environmental project appraisal are being tightened: the evaluation of environmental indicators of project implementation should be carried out on a par with indicators of its economic performance. Current approaches to the assessment of environmental and economic efficiency do not completely cover the negative environmental impacts of a project’s implementation, and this reduces the effectiveness of the evaluation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system of environmental indicators that will address the specifics of the industry. This is made possible on the basis of determining a list of key factors that should be included in the evaluation system. The purpose of this study is to determine the most significant factors for establishing a simple yet thorough assessment framework to evaluate the efficiency of energy investment projects. Research methodology includes an a priori ranking method and analysis of interrelations between factors. Based on the results obtained, the authors have formed a list of key factors that could become the basis of a future system of environmental indicators for the efficiency assessment of energy projects.
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Yatsenko, Ivan. "POLYVARIANCE OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT «INVESTMENT SERVICES»." 61, no. 61 (August 26, 2021): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2524-2547-2021-61-09.
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The article reflects the results of scientific research of alternative approaches to the interpretation of the definition of investment services. The advantages and disadvantages of the target, production, product, process, instrumental, infrastructural, resource and opportunistic approaches to understanding the essence of the concept of “investment service” are identified and systematized. An improved definition of the concept of an investment service is the result of the choice of an investment idea, analysis of investment information and the use of investment technologies by investment firms in order to realize the financial interests of clients - individual and institutional investors, taking into account their investment profile (expected investment return, maximum losses, risk tolerance and the duration of the investment horizon). The proposed author's approach to the interpretation of the concept of an investment service takes into account the totality of such attributive features as complementarity, substitutionality, analyticity, manufacturability, personification, riskiness and timing. It was found that the providers of investment financial services are investment firms - legal and non-legal entities that on an ongoing basis provide at least one type of investment services to third parties and / or carry out at least one type of investment activity. The recipients of investment services are clients of investment companies - individual and institutional investors. The circle of financial interests of investors was determined, including: increase and mobilization of additional financial resources; accumulation of savings; formation of an optimal investment portfolio in terms of profitability, risk, liquidity, etc .; reducing the negative impact of information asymmetry on investment choice; reduction of transaction costs of investment operations; expanding the list of investment alternatives and deepening the diversification of investment assets; redistribution of risks associated with the provision of investment services. It is established that the definition of an investment service is derived from the generic concept of a financial service. However, if the concept of a financial service is always associated with cash flow, then in the case of the provision of investment services, cash flow is conditioned by the formation and use of investment capital.
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Nor Suhaira Jamil, Hamizah Hassan, and Imbarine Bujang. "The Effect of Shari’ah Compliance Announcements on Stock Returns in Malaysia." International Journal of Business and Society 21, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3248.2020.
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There are increasing demands and interests in Shari’ah compliant stocks in Malaysia. The identification of Shari’ah compliant stocks is known as Shari’ah screening, which is announced to the public twice a year. Hence, the objective of this study is to investigate whether the announcements provide valuable information and the impact of such announcements on stock returns. This study applies market model to estimate the stock returns. Alternative hypotheses that are being tested are the inclusion (removal) of stocks in (from) the Shari’ah Compliant List give a significant effect on the stock Cumulative Average Abnormal Return (CAAR). Employing the event study methodology in years 2007 –2015, this study provides unambiguous evidence that the inclusion of a stock in the Shari’ah Compliant List has increased the price that lead positive stocks returns 1 day within the announcement date. Meanwhile, the removal from the list results a negative stock returns due to the declined of the stock price. As such, the announcements of Shari’ah Compliant List do carry informational value and have significant effect on the stock returns in Malaysian capital market. Shari’ah compliance announcement is significant especially to the Muslim investors to assist them avoiding prohibited investment activities. The present study has significantly contributed to the Malaysian Efficient Market Hypothesis as well as to the practical implication for the companies in avoiding with haram activities.
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Kim, Soo Yeon, and Mark S. Manger. "Hubs of Governance: Path Dependence and Higher-Order Effects of Preferential Trade Agreement Formation." Political Science Research and Methods 5, no. 3 (January 28, 2016): 467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2016.2.
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In this paper, we investigate the causes and consequences of institutional design choices in the liberalization of services trade and investment in preferential trade agreements (PTAs). We distinguish between a positive-list and a negative-list approach to services liberalization, and analyze PTAs signed by countries of the Asia-Pacific. We develop an information-based argument that explains why these different types induce path dependence in subsequent choices, and derive hypotheses that capture the “history” effect of choosing either institutional model. In doing so, we examine whether particular “modes of governance” diffuse through the growing network of trade agreements through the adoption of rules by third parties in their own PTAs. The empirical analysis tests these hypotheses using simulation-based dynamic network analysis methods. We find evidence of strong path dependence in the choice of liberalization approach, affecting the evolution of PTA networks in the Asia-Pacific and the diffusion of services liberalization in general. Such path dependence has long-term consequences for the institutional features of the international trade regime.
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Konovalova, Yulia A., Verity-Alexia Liongo Monkisheme, and Stepan A. Ushanov. "Features of the American foreign direct investment: the role of the American holdings." RUDN Journal of Economics 29, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 238–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2021-29-2-238-252.
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Article is dedicated to the determination of key features of the United States participation in the international capital movement on the example of FDI outflows and inflows, and confirmation of its heterogeneous nature. Tax reform that has been implemented in the end of 2017 led to the result when USA was deleted of the list of TOP-20 world investors of 2018 (by UNCTAD). The scientific opinion and fears were connected with the forecasts that the tax reform could change the movement of FDI flows back to the USA from foreign countries, especially, and the countries with the low taxes and the most favorable investment regimes. At the same time, it needs to underline that the analysis of U.S. FDI inflows and outflows showed that the negative indicator of U.S. FDI outflow (export) in 2018-2019 was connected with the repatriation of U.S. holding companies profits, that were doing business in countries with the most favorable tax and investment regimes. The authors tried to investigate the nature of the American holdings role and the integration of U.S. in to the global system of FDI and capital movement.
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Abdulova, Svetlana Yurievna. "World rankings as tool of evaluating performance investment in innovations and development strategy selection." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2022, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-2-76-88.
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The article discusses the methods of compiling world rankings related to innovation activity and doing business, in particular, the Global Innovation Index, the Bloomberg Innovation Index Rating of Innovative Economies, the Ranking of countries in the world by the level of global competitiveness according to the World Economic Forum and the Institute of Management, the Doing Business Rating. A factor-by-factor analysis of the position of the Russian Federation in these ratings for a certain time period has been carried out, the strengths and weaknesses of the innovation system in Russia have been investigated. Data from almost all ratings indicate that Russia's position in the innovation activity ratings has been improving since 2010, and there is potential for further growth. It is concluded that Russia produces fewer innovative products compared to the level of investment in innovation. The comparison of individual statistical indicators in the field of innovative development of Russia with similar indicators of foreign countries is carried out. Russia demonstrates high positions in terms of the number and quality of personnel engaged in research and development, but the level of wages, social benefits and comfort of the living environment of scientists and developers is inferior to developed countries. The level of funding for science, research, innovation activity of organizations, as well as the development of innovative entrepreneurship is lower than in the leading countries of innovation ratings. In Russia, there is a negative balance of payments for technology. The introduction of unprecedented sanctions affecting various aspects of the social, economic, and technological spheres aggravates the impact of negative factors on Russia’s innovation system. In the current situation, the issues of import substitution, ensuring the country’s independence from foreign technologies, developments, as well as providing support to innovative companies, talented youth and qualified specialists, overcoming the negative trend of the outflow of scientific personnel are becoming even more urgent. There is provided an up-to-date list of short- and long-term measures to support and stimulate the development of economic sectors, innovative business, scientific human resources and highly qualified specialists.
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Fitriyani, Anisa Hesti, and Rianda Dirkareshza. "Grandfather Clause in the Trade Sector as a Security in Investment after Job Creation Act." Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 21, no. 2 (December 25, 2021): 144–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v21i2.861.
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This study discusses the application of the Grandfather Clause, especially in the trade sector, as a form of certainty in investment law after the issuance of the Job Creation Act. The main issues discussed in this study are how to apply the Grandfather Clause to ensure legal certainty for investors and business actors in the trade sector pre-Job Creation Act. And whether the Grandfather Clause can be a form of legal certainty for investors and business actors in the trade sector that engaged in the post-Job Creation Act. Of course, the aim is to analyze the application of the Grandfather Clause, especially in the trade sector, as a means of legal certainty for investors or business actors engaged in the trading sector. The research method used is a normative research method with a statute approach. The research results show that implementing the Grandfather Clause after changes of the Negative Investment List (DNI) from year to year can provide legal certainty for investors and business actors. In addition, it is also known that the actual implementation of the Grandfather Clause can be adjusted according to the preferences of investors and business actors. In this case, the Grandfather Clause may not be applied if it is felt that the provisions and licensing requirements in the existing regulations are considered more profitable.
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Fitriyani, Anisa Hesti, and Rianda Dirkareshza. "Grandfather Clause in the Trade Sector as a Security in Investment after Job Creation Act." Al-Risalah 21, no. 2 (December 25, 2021): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.30631/al-risalah.v21i2.861.
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This study discusses the application of the Grandfather Clause, especially in the trade sector, as a form of certainty in investment law after the issuance of the Job Creation Act. The main issues discussed in this study are how to apply the Grandfather Clause to ensure legal certainty for investors and business actors in the trade sector pre-Job Creation Act. And whether the Grandfather Clause can be a form of legal certainty for investors and business actors in the trade sector that engaged in the post-Job Creation Act. Of course, the aim is to analyze the application of the Grandfather Clause, especially in the trade sector, as a means of legal certainty for investors or business actors engaged in the trading sector. The research method used is a normative research method with a statute approach. The research results show that implementing the Grandfather Clause after changes of the Negative Investment List (DNI) from year to year can provide legal certainty for investors and business actors. In addition, it is also known that the actual implementation of the Grandfather Clause can be adjusted according to the preferences of investors and business actors. In this case, the Grandfather Clause may not be applied if it is felt that the provisions and licensing requirements in the existing regulations are considered more profitable.
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Kakaulina, M. O., and D. R. Gorlov. "Assessment of the Impact of Tax Incentives on Investment Activity in Special Economic Zones of the Russian Federation." Journal of Applied Economic Research 21, no. 2 (2022): 282–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2022.21.2.011.
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The article examines tax incentives established in the special economic zones of the Russian Federation. The topic seems to be extremely relevant, since such an instrument of state support as tax incentives does not have a clear economic efficiency. In this regard, having high hopes for it in the current post-pandemic situation, the state risks depriving many enterprises of the opportunity to carry out their activities uninterrupted. This dictates the need for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of the introduced tax incentives. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of tax incentives on the investment activity of residents of special economic zones of the Russian Federation in the period 2016-2020. The hypothesis of the study is the absence of a significant impact of tax incentives, as well as the existence of a negative impact of such benefits on the investment activities of residents of special economic zones of the Russian Federation in some cases. The assessment is carried out by building power econometric models for all zones in the aggregate for each year of the five years under consideration. As a result, a significant positive relationship was found between the number of tax benefits for the previous time period and the volume of investments made within the zones in the current time period. Thus, a 2-fold increase in the intensity of the use of tax benefits by residents of the zones causes an increase in the size of current investments by 60-74%, depending on the period under consideration. The authors concluded that, contrary to popular belief about the inefficiency of tax incentives and their harmful impact to the budget system in the form of shortfalls in tax revenues, they are actually a unique and useful tool that promotes business development in specific areas. The practical significance of the study is expressed in the possibility of the Government of the Russian Federation applying the obtained results when making decisions on expanding the list of tax incentives operating in special economic zones or on extending their period of validity.
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Al-Taie, Khaled Abdullah Khaddar, and Doaa Noman Mohammed Al-Husseini. "Measuring and Analyzing Cash Flow Indicators and their Impact on the Financial Decisions of the industrial Sector in Iraq: A Study of a Sample of Companies Listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange." Journal of Business and Management Studies 4, no. 4 (October 11, 2022): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2022.4.4.14.
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The aim of the research is to indicate the importance of preparing a list of cash flows and diagnosing its effects on the financial decisions of the industrial sector, as well as shedding light on the importance of using the list of cash flows attributed to some items of the financial statements instead of relying on the absolute number of cash flows. The study was based on a set of hypotheses, the most important of which is there Significant and statistically significant effect of cash flow indicators in financial decisions, and the study sample was represented by a group of companies listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange, represented by (5) companies affiliated with different sectors (industrial,) for the period (2011-2020) and the data of the studied companies were obtained from The official bulletins of the Iraq Stock Exchange, as well as the bulletins of the Central Bank of Iraq. And the use of statistical programs to reach the results, where the statistical program Excel was used to process and formulate raw data in the form of financial ratios, and the statistical program 10Eviews was also used in the practical side and hypothesis testing. The study found the negative impact of the cash flow indicators and the inflation rate on the financing decision and the positive impact on the investment decision in the industrial sector.
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Gao, Xiang, Weige Huang, and Hua Wang. "Financial Twitter Sentiment on Bitcoin Return and High-Frequency Volatility." Virtual Economics 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34021/ve.2021.04.01(1).
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This paper studies how sentiment affect Bitcoin pricing by examining, at an hourly frequency, the linkage between sentiment of finance-related Twitter messages and return as well as the volatility of Bitcoin as a financial asset. On the one hand, there was calculated the return from minute-level Bitcoin exchange quotes and use of both rolling variance and high-minus-low price to proxy for Bitcoin volatility per each trading hour. On the other hand, the mood signals from tweets were extracted based on a list of positive, negative, and uncertain words according to the Loughran-McDonald finance-specific dictionary. These signals were translated by categorizing each tweet into one of three sentiments, namely, bullish, bearish, and null. Then the total number of tweets were adopted in each category over one hour and their differences as potential Bitcoin price predictors. The empirical results indicate that after controlling a list of lagged returns and volatilities, stronger bullish sentiment significantly foreshadows higher Bitcoin return and volatility over the time range of 24 hours. While bearish and neutral financial Twitter sentiments have no such consistent performance, the difference between bullish and bearish ratings can improve prediction consistency. Overall, this research results add to the growing Bitcoin literature by demonstrating that the Bitcoin pricing mechanism can be partially revealed by the momentum on sentiment in social media networks, justifying a sentimental appetite for cryptocurrency investment.
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Rahmasuciana, D. Y., A. Alwahidin, A. S. Utomo, and Muhammad Rofi'i. "Stock Returns and Liquidity Changes Around the Screening Announcement: An Empirical Study in Indonesia." Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 099. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2015.032-02.
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This paper aims to identify and analyze the volatility of stock returns and the changes of liquidity around the announcement of Shari’ah stock screening published by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) and Dewan Syariah Nasional (DSN-MUI). The announcement is consist of stocks that become the constituent of ISSI (Indonesia Shari’ah Stock Index) and the stocks out from ISSI in each period. The number of data are 341 emitens, divided into two categories. The first category was 196 stocks that out from the composition of ISSI, and the second was shari’ah stock from 145 emitens which categorized as part of ISSI from 2011 to 2016. The statistical method (t-test) is used to analyze the change of stock returns and the change of liquidity in 14 days around the announcement (6 days pre- and post announcement). The result shows that Shari’ah compliant stocks over 6 years around the announcement have no difference in return and have negative sign for both the Shari’ah stocks and the stocks out from ISS. It may caused by the intention of Islamic investor which invest their capital based on the compliance of Shari’ah, so the returns do not become the most important one. Interestingly, on the other hand, the liquidity change of stocks which out of ISSI has negative significant difference on the days after the announcement of screening. It indicates that the non-compliant stocks have negative in change of liquidity or have significant liquidity declining after the announcement. Also, in fact Islamic invetors are more concern in the list of stocks that out from ISSI and the stock returns become less important to them than the compliance of investment. Thess findings confirm the issue that the screening is not effecting the expected return of investors. Besides, this study tells that the screening is perceived as important information by the investors in making decisions. Thus, the next studies are needed to investigate the effect of long-term investment on shari’a stock and the factors that influence the shari’a stock return during the period of announcement.
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Feng, Ying, Dongmei Li, and Yanni Long. "Dynamic Relationship of Industrial Structure Change and Economic Fluctuations: Evidence from Sichuan, China." International Journal of Economics and Finance 7, no. 12 (November 24, 2015): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v7n12p253.
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Industrial Structure Change is not only an important source of economic growth; it’s also an important driving force for economic fluctuations. In this paper, on the basis of combing the literature, and the relevant data in 1978-2013 of Sichuan Province in China, and the use of empirical VAR model to analyzes the mutual dynamic influence of Sichuan Industrial Structure Change and economic fluctuations. The study found that the rationalization and optimization of the industrial structure both impact on economic fluctuations, but the impact are on the opposite direction. In the short term, the industrial structure rationalization and industrial structure optimization respectively has positive and negative effects on economic fluctuations; in the long term the opposite. Industry Structure optimization fluctuations shows a great influence on economic fluctuations, while the rationalization of the industrial structure shows a relatively small negative effect. The impact of economic fluctuations on the rationalization of the industrial structure fluctuation and optimization performance for the negative and positive relationships. d annual reports of the sampled firms and their market values obtained from the official daily list of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) over a period of 10 years (2001-2010). Using multivariate regression as technique for data analysis, the study established that accounting information of Food & Beverages companies in Nigeria is value relevant. Accordingly, the study recommends the use of financial statements figures of Food and Beverages firms for investment decision.<p> </p>
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Gagné, Gilbert. "Free Trade and Cultural Policies: Evidence from Three US Agreements." Journal of World Trade 45, Issue 6 (December 1, 2011): 1267–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2011045.
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Through preferential free trade agreements (FTAs), the United States seeks to secure concessions in sectors, such as cultural and audiovisual services, from which to set precedents for its next trade liberalization endeavours. Insisting on wide-ranging liberalization and predictable, clearly defined trade rules, the United States has used a top-down or negative list approach. Hence, sectors and measures, in the fields of services and investment, not specifically excluded are covered by liberalization commitments. On the other hand, states are encouraged to use a wide array of financial and regulatory instruments in the pursuit of cultural policies under the 2005 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Cultural Diversity Convention, which the United States has strongly opposed for its potential trade-restricting effects. In view of the deadlock in current multilateral trade negotiations, the hortatory character of the provisions of the Convention, and the US stance on the treatment of cultural goods and services in international economic exchanges, US FTAs are to prove the main source of legal constraints as to states' ability to pursue cultural policies.
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Gibson, Jon, Sharon Spooner, and Matt Sutton. "Determinants of primary care workforce variation in England." British Journal of General Practice 70, suppl 1 (June 2020): bjgp20X711389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x711389.
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BackgroundThe General Practice Forward View (GPFV) outlined how the government plans to attain a strengthened model of general practice. A key component of this proposal is an expansion of the workforce by employing a varied range of practitioners, in other words ‘skill mix’. A significant proportion of this investment focuses on increasing the number of ‘new’ roles such as clinical pharmacists, physiotherapists, physician associates, and paramedics.AimThe aim of this study is to examine what practice characteristics are associated with the current employment of these ‘new’ roles.MethodThe study uses practice level workforce data (2015–2019), publicly available from NHS Digital. The authors model FTE of specific workforce groups (for example, advanced nurse) as a function of deprivation, practice rurality, patient demographics (total list size and percentage of patients aged >65 years) and FTEs from other staff groups.ResultsAlthough analysis is ongoing, initial estimation suggests that the employment of ‘new’ roles has occurred in larger practices (in terms of list size), in practices with a higher proportion of patients living in deprived areas and practices with a larger proportion of patients aged >65 years. FTE for advanced nurses is negatively associated with GP FTE.ConclusionA negative correlation between advanced nurse FTE and GP FTE is potentially suggestive of substitution between roles, deliberate or otherwise. For example, practices may employ ‘new’ roles if they are unable to recruit GPs or they may recruit staff to free up GP time. Further work is needed to confirm these findings and to explore the reasons behind practice employment decisions.
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Mahboudi, Hamid Reza, Farahman Farrokhi, and Ali Akbar Ansarin. "A Review on Application of Computers in Education Inside and Outside of Iran." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.4p.29.
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This paper first presents an overview of the Digital Natives claim made by Prensky (2001) and its characteristics. Secondly, focusing on the Iranian context, the paper examines the reports of UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS, 2014), the present state of ICT integration in education in national research, and the present state of ICT integration in education in international research. Reports and comparisons attest to the fact that Iranian educators have failed to realize their high expectations despite heavy financial investment in computer technology in schools and colleges. This review also provides some words of caution about computer technology to help policy makers and educators aware of the negative side-effects of misapplication of technology, the imposition of computer technology to imitate high-source settings, and the misuse of technology and its serious and long-term consequences. Eventually, this paper concludes that if a generation misapplied or underused technology, they should not be added to the list of Prenskey’s digital natives so long as they are deprived of the qualitative and quantitative standards of high-source settings. Additionally, the impacts of technology on a generation need to be examined carefully before they are called digital.
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Yan, Zhenjun, Xinyan Wu, Jing Li, and Bingqing Liang. "Competition and Heterogeneous Innovation Qualities: Evidence from a Natural Experiment." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 7562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137562.
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Innovations differ substantially in their qualities, from major breakthroughs to small incremental refinements. What is the relationship between product market competition and the quality of innovations? We develop a model where competition encourages high-quality firms to innovate but discourages low-quality firms from innovating and examine the impact of competition on the quality of innovations, taking the implementation of the negative list system for market access in China as a natural experiment. It is found that competition has twofold impacts on the incentives of innovation and that competition improves the overall innovation quality through the improvement of innovation resource allocation. More competition implies a higher elasticity of substitution, leading to stronger incentives for innovation. Meanwhile, competition also decreases industry profits and increases the cost of innovation, which reduces the expected return on innovation, resulting in fewer incentives for innovation. The findings suggest that while R&D subsidies increase aggregate R&D investment, they encourage the survival and expansion of low-quality firms at the expense of high-quality firms and lead to misallocation of R&D resources, resulting in the decline of overall innovation qualities.
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Lunsford, Kurt G., and Kenneth D. West. "Some Evidence on Secular Drivers of US Safe Real Rates." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20180005.
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We study long-run correlations between safe real interest rates in the United States and over 30 variables that have been hypothesized to influence real rates. The list of variables is motivated by an intertermporal IS equation, by models of aggregate savings and investment, and by reduced-form studies. We use annual data, mostly from 1890 to 2016. We find that safe real interest rates are correlated as expected with demographic measures. For example, the long-run correlation with labor force hours growth is positive, which is consistent with overlapping generations models. For another example, the long-run correlation with the proportion of 40 to 64 year-olds in the population is negative. This is consistent with standard theory where middle-aged workers are high savers who drive down real interest rates. In contrast to standard theory, we do not find productivity to be positively correlated with real rates. Most other variables have a mixed relationship with the real rate, with long-run correlations that are statistically or economically large in some samples and by some measures but not in others. (JEL E21, E22, E24, E43, E52)
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Cao, Cathy Xuying, and Chongyang Chen. "Value of employee satisfaction during the financial crisis." Managerial Finance 42, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 1208–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mf-10-2015-0288.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how employee satisfaction affects firm value around the financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the 2008 financial crisis as exogenous shocks to firms to mitigate endogenous concern that employee satisfaction and firm value can be jointly determined. The authors compare firm value of two groups of firms: the firms on the Fortune magazine’s list of “100 Best Companies to Work For” and matched firms that are not on the list. The authors employ difference-in-difference approaches in the tests. Findings The authors find that when the crisis happens, the best companies experience larger decreases in firm value than comparable firms. In addition, such decreases in firm value only exist among the best companies with high financial flexibility. The authors also show that job satisfaction alone does not create firm value during the financial crisis; only when interacted with high financial flexibility, employee satisfaction leads to high firm value. Finally, the authors document that best companies do not have any advantage in the recovery of firm value after the crisis, regardless of their level of financial flexibility. Research limitations/implications There is considerable debate on whether job satisfaction leads to performance or performance leads to satisfaction (Luthans, 1998). The authors show that the impact of employee satisfaction on firm value changes over time. The authors also identify a crucial factor that impacts the value-creation of employee satisfaction: financial flexibility. The findings suggest that the ambiguous results documented in prior literature can be due to the different sample periods and the failure to identify the impact of financial flexibility in previous studies. Practical implications The findings provide helpful implications to the business community. The evidence suggests that to reap the benefits of employee satisfaction, companies need to manage their financial flexibility to buffer against potential negative shocks while having strong corporate governance mechanism to mitigate agency concerns. Moreover, the study provides an investment recommendation to socially responsible investment (SRI) and suggests that it is better off implementing dynamic SRI investment strategies according to economic condition. Social implications The evidence suggests that the economic value of employee satisfaction is related to firms’ financial flexibility and economic conditions. Originality/value The authors contribute to the literature by showing that the impact of employee satisfaction on firm value changes over time. The test design not only allows the authors to study the effect of employee satisfaction on firm value at a particular point in time, but also helps the authors examine the variation in the effect over economic cycles. This paper also contributes to the literature on SRI. The authors identify a crucial factor that impacts the value-creation of employee satisfaction: financial flexibility.
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Monardes V, Rodrigo. "Challenges For Countries In Trade In Services’ Negotiations With The Nafta Approach: The Experience Of Chile In The Free Trade Agreement With The United States." British Journal of American Legal Studies 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjals-2016-0013.
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Abstract The negotiation of trade in services in the context of a free trade agreement is particularly challenging for developing countries in view of the diverse nature of the services sector, the broad regulation applicable to the supply of services, the different modes of supply and the different approaches available for the adoption of the rules governing bilateral trade in services. Two main approaches are available for these negotiations, the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) model or positive list approach, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) model or negative list approach. Even though these two models are similar with respect to the substantive obligations covering the conditions for supplying services, they differ significantly with respect to the manner and the structure of commitments. Chile faced significant challenges in concluding a free trade agreement with the United States. The importance of the trading partner and its market for Chilean exports meant that Chile had to adopt a number of unfamiliar features, particularly in relation to financial services and e-commerce, in order to facilitate and consolidate the process of opening its market. This article focuses on the chapters of the United States-Chile Free Trade Agreement addressing trade in services, i.e. cross-border trade in services, financial services, telecommunications, temporary entry of business persons and some provisions on e-commerce. Some investment issues will also be address, particularly those interacting with cross-border trade in services. Finally, the article explains the relevance of this approach as a model or basis for bilateral and plurilateral negotiations on trade in services for the Pacific Rim countries and as the preferred model for services trade liberalization for the Latin American countries.
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Kim, Chang-Bong, Yeon-Woo Choi, and Kyeong-Wook Jeong. "A Study on the Outcomes by and Constraints of the Change in International Commercial Terms." Korea Association for International Commerce and Information 24, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 195–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.2022.24.3.195.
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Recently, international commerce is expanding and logistics costs are rising rapidly. In this regard, the Korea International Trade Association recommends changing the international commercial terms under incoterms as a way to reduce logistics costs for import/export companies. This study tried to examine the constraint factors that appear in the process of changing international commercial terms.
In order to achieve the research purpose, this study composed questionnaire items by conducting previous studies, expert interviews, and pilot studies. The questionnaire was distributed to random sample companies based on the list of member companies such as the Korea International Trade Association, the Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency, and the Korea Small and Medium Business Association. The survey period was from March 2, 2022 to June 30, 2022. About 1,200 copies of the total questionnaire were distributed and 244 copies were used for empirical analysis, and PLS-SEM was performed to derive the results.
The results of this study are as follows. First, It was found that the internal rigidity and lack of expertise in determining international commercial terms in trade companies had a negative impact on the change of international commercial terms. Second, It was found that the change of international commercial terms in import/export companies improves trade performance.
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Yurchenko, I. F. "THE FORMATION OF DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES OF RECLAIMED AGRICULTURE." Scientific Life 16, no. 5 (2021): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-549-558.
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The key problem of the development of digitalization in agriculture remains the low interest of commodity producers in these innovations, which actualizes the role of science in providing large-scale information support to the solutions received in terms of the effectiveness of their practical use and recommendations for preventing unforeseen consequences that help attract farmers ' investments to their development and implementation. The purpose of this research is to form a resource of information and analytical support for the formation of digitalization of agricultural technologies of reclaimed agriculture based on the results of studying, analyzing and systematizing data and information about both the advantages and achievements, as well as about the difficulties and negative indicators of the use of digital technologies in the crop production system of agriculture. The basic method of research is the theory of system analysis, analog and expert assessments. The analysis of the use of automated control systems for technological processes of land reclamation in agricultural production has been carried out, which has established a low level of implementation of developed and tested in practice software and technical automation complexes. The priority number of objective and subjective reasons for insufficient investment attractiveness for commodity producers of digitalization of technological processes of agricultural production is shown. A list of priority technologies for the successful development of digitalization of reclaimed agroecosystems has been formed, including digital modeling, analytical procedures based on large amounts of data, neural networks and artificial intelligence, the industrial Internet of Things, cloud technologies. The principles of effective functioning of automated systems and measures for integrating the latter into the agricultural production system are presented. Overcoming the difficulties and complications of the process of digitalization of agro-reclamation technologies will more than pay off by increasing labor productivity, reducing production costs, and improving product quality.
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Yurchenko, I. F. "THE FORMATION OF DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES OF RECLAIMED AGRICULTURE." Scientific Life 16, no. 5 (2021): 554–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-554-564.
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The key problem of the development of digitalization in agriculture remains the low interest of commodity producers in these innovations, which actualizes the role of science in providing large-scale information support to the solutions received in terms of the effectiveness of their practical use and recommendations for preventing unforeseen consequences that help attract farmers ' investments to their development and implementation. The purpose of this research is to form a resource of information and analytical support for the formation of digitalization of agricultural technologies of reclaimed agriculture based on the results of studying, analyzing and systematizing data and information about both the advantages and achievements, as well as about the difficulties and negative indicators of the use of digital technologies in the crop production system of agriculture. The basic method of research is the theory of system analysis, analog and expert assessments. The analysis of the use of automated control systems for technological processes of land reclamation in agricultural production has been carried out, which has established a low level of implementation of developed and tested in practice software and technical automation complexes. The priority number of objective and subjective reasons for insufficient investment attractiveness for commodity producers of digitalization of technological processes of agricultural production is shown. A list of priority technologies for the successful development of digitalization of reclaimed agroecosystems has been formed, including digital modeling, analytical procedures based on large amounts of data, neural networks and artificial intelligence, the industrial Internet of Things, cloud technologies. The principles of effective functioning of automated systems and measures for integrating the latter into the agricultural production system are presented. Overcoming the difficulties and complications of the process of digitalization of agro-reclamation technologies will more than pay off by increasing labor productivity, reducing production costs, and improving product quality.
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Prasetyo, Angga Dwi, Abdul Rachmad Budiono, and Shinta Hadiyantina. "Politik Hukum Perubahan Norma Perizinan dan Iklim Investasi Dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Menggunakan Metode Omnibus Law." Media Iuris 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 159–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mi.v5i2.36165.
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AbstractThe Job Creation Law passed and enacted in 2020 is a momentual result with the expectation that the Law will create jobs. But after the passage of the Job Creation Law with the use of the omnibus law method, it produced various responses and reactions from the community so that the community also among academics produced pros and cons to the Law. In addition, after the Uncang-Cipta Kerja Law was passed, it has had an impact on the elimination of industries included in the negative investment list, triggering an increase in foreign investment in Indonesia. Based on the description, a problem was formulated: what is the legal politics behind the change in licensing norms and the investment climate in the Job Creation Law using the omnibus law method. The research method used in the writing of this article is the use of legal normative research. The source of legal materials used includes 3 (three) types of legal materials, namely primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. Legal data collection techniques use a literature research model that analyzes the legal data studied in the form of qualitative and descriptive content analysis. The results showed that the government’s efforts to reduce duplication of regulations through comprehensive legislation are expected to accelerate licensing.Keywords: Omnibus Law; UU Cipta Kerja; Licensing; Investment. AbstrakUndang-Undang Cipta Kerja yang disahkan dan diundangkan pada tahun 2020 merupakan suatu hasil momentual dengan harapan dari Undang-Undang tersebut ialah menciptakan lapangan kerja. Tetapi pasca pengesahan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja dengan penggunaan metode omnibus law tersebut menghasilkan berbagai tanggapan dan reaksi dari lapisan masyarakat sehingga masyarakat pun juga dikalangan akademisi menghasilkan pro kontra terhadap Undang-undang tersebut. Selain itu, pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja disahkan telah berdampak pada penghapusan industri yang masuk dalam daftar negatif investasi sehingga memicu peningkatan investasi asing di Indonesia. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, dirumuskan masalah: apa politik hukum dibalik perubahan norma perizinan dan iklim investasi dalam UU Cipta kerja menggunakan metode omnibus law. Metode penelitian yang dipakai pada penulisan artikel ini ialah penggunaan penelitian normatif hukum. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi 3 (tiga) jenis bahan hukum, yakni materi hukum primer, materi hukum sekunder, serta materi hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data hukum menggunakan model penelitian kepustakaan yang menganalisis data hukum yang diteliti berupa analisis isi kualitatif dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya pemerintah untuk mengurangi duplikasi regulasi melalui undang-undang yang komprehensif diharapkan dapat mempercepat perizinan.Kata Kunci: Omnibus Law; UU Cipta Kerja; Perizinan; Investasi.
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Buyanova, Marina, Irina Averina, and Alina Kulakova. "Economic Security of the Region: Evaluation and Security Mechanisms." Regionalnaya ekonomika. Yug Rossii, no. 3 (October 2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/re.volsu.2019.3.9.
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Modern globalization processes cause the emergence of new threats to society, and necessitate the development of innovative mechanisms to overcome them in order to improve the level of security at various levels of management. The objective of this study is to test the methodology for assessing the level of security of the economic system of the region (based on the use of an integral indicator), as well as the definition of mechanisms for its provision at the meso-level. The structure of this indicator includes aspects of the impact on the stability of the system of the following factors (market, non-market and social ones), based on the system of indicators (the number of employed population, the cost of technological innovation per capita, investment in fixed capital, etc.). The calculation of summary indicators is given on the example of one of the subjects of the Russian Federation (Volgograd region), which allowed to determine negative changes in the level of economic security in the region (significant technological backwardness, consistent depletion of natural resources, growth of budget commitments, etc.). Due to the comprehensive assessment, a list of factors that cause this condition has been identified with the aim of further targeted impact from public authorities to overcome the negative trends in the economic system of the region and (or) leveling their consequences. The development of mechanisms to ensure the economic security of the region, based on the above-mentioned method of integrated assessment, allows not only to fully assess the state of the regional economy, but also to identify the potential to strengthen the position of the entity of the country both at the national and international arena.
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Al-Sabbagh, Heba Adel Z., and Sabah F. Mahmoud. "Problems and challenges facing agriculture in Iraq." Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences 18, no. 58, 1 (June 30, 2022): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.18.58.1.13.
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The study dealt with a very important vital, strategic and economic topic, which is the study of the problems and challenges facing the agricultural sector in Iraq, which is one of the most important economic sectors in most countries' economies, not only Iraq. The challenges and economic crises facing this sector, and the importance of the research comes from studying the problems and obstacles facing the agricultural sector and trying to raise the contribution of this sector in the economic field. Its priorities negatively affect the achievement of sustainable development in Iraq. The study gave important results that are consistent with the economic and agricultural reality in Iraq through the following:1. The problem of (water resources) has occupied the top of the list of problems facing this sector. A number of external and internal factors have combined to exacerbate this problem.2. The negative impact of economic openness on the development of the agricultural sector.3. The small amount of investment allocations for the agricultural sector, as these allocations did not exceed (1.7%) of the general budget.4. The problem of desertification, salinity, mismanagement, low level of technology, environmental pollution, low level of productivity, and damage to agricultural pests, the problem of dumping, the low percentage of government support, and the insufficiency of local and local animal production are among the most prominent problems and obstacles that appeared in this study in the agricultural sector in Iraq.
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Melnyk, Tetiana, Ludmyla Kudyrko, Kateryna Pugachevska, and Iryna Sevruk. "Promotion of Ukraine’s export to China: priorities and institutional framework." Problems and Perspectives in Management 17, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.17(3).2019.40.
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In the context of neo-protectionism and in terms of WTO membership, regulatory mechanisms for promoting the national producer and country’s external expansion require an institutional basis. This paper primarily aims to explore the resource and institutional component in promoting Ukraine’s exports to Chinese market and to identify the level of Ukraine’s export promotion system effectiveness based on combinatorial approach, which includes the calculation of quantitative indicators of foreign trade in the form of international production and marketing cooperation and estimation of qualitative parameters of export promotion effectiveness. The empirical findings indicate following: high dynamism of increasing mutual trade volume; enlargement of trade flows asymmetry caused by the negative trade balance of Ukrainian economy; limited list of commodity groups of Ukrainian exports in mutual trade with China with stable relative advantages; dominance of low-value-added commodities among export priority groups; absence of beneficial effect of such a factor as “long-term partnerships” in the mutual trade flow. The paper reveals that national export promotion system in Ukraine can be characterized by low efficiency and strong potential for growth. The authors emphasize the importance of intensifying the projects and mechanisms of financial and investment support for exporters with increasing the level of their innovative orientation. Prospects for further research in this area are as follows: the assessment of macroeconomic effects from the introduction of export promotion tools for the national economy of countries of origin of goods and importing countries; detection of anticompetitive risks in the implementation of selective support programs for exporters.
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Burtseva, Evdokia, Anatolii Sleptsov, Anna Bysyina, Alla Fedorova, and Gavril Dyachkovskii. "Mining and Indigenous Peoples of the North: Assessment and Development Prospects." Resources 9, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9080095.
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The main industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the mining industry, which will continue to expand in the future. Already today there are quite a lot of investment projects for the development of minerals in the Arctic, North-West and South Yakutia, which will be implemented in the territories of indigenous minorities of the North. Indigenous Evens, Evenks, Yukaghirs make up 4.2% of the total population of the republic and are characterized by low genetic diversity, which can lead to negative consequences in relation to their health status when exposed to technogenic pollution. Purpose of the study: assessment of the state of life of indigenous minorities of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) under the conditions of a new stage of industrial development of territories of traditional nature management. The planned increasing industrial development of territories of traditional nature management can cause large-scale disturbances of the earth’s surface, depletion of biological resources, environmental pollution, which will ultimately lead to deterioration in the quality of life of the population. In order to take measures to prevent and reduce the negative impacts of industrial development of the territories of residence and traditional activities of indigenous minorities of the North, when implementing new projects, the expert commission recommends concluding a trilateral agreement on cooperation and financing of specific programs between industrial companies, government bodies of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and authorized representatives of indigenous minorities of the North. Research area—the position of indigenous minorities of the North in the conditions of industrial development of the North, Siberia and the Far East. This study looks at the impact of industrial development on the natural environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous population. Compensation for damage to the nomadic tribal communities of reindeer herders has taken place. Only about 250 thousand representatives of 40 indigenous peoples live in these regions, who are included in the official list of indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East.
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Nepp, Alexander. "Inefficiency of pension investment regulation: case of Russia." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 3 (October 18, 2017): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(3).2017.14.
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Inflation risks are one of the major factors faced by funded pension systems. Investment risks affect such key parameters of pension systems as the amount of pension contributions and payments. In order to limit the exposure of pension systems to such risks, governments have introduced instrumental and geographical restrictions on pension investments. These measures are particularly popular in developing countries. This article discusses the efficiency of pension investment regulation in Russia and demonstrates the inadequacy of the current regulatory measures. Authors show that the negative investment results of pension market players were caused by inefficient government regulation. Authors also show that pension market players should be given more freedom in their investments and that instrumental and geographical restrictions should be removed. Was proposed to diversify investment portfolios into stocks traded on the leading stock markets, which would allow to increase investment returns and maintain the risk at the current level. Thus, it would be reasonable to invest 76% of funds into foreign assets, which will increase pension benefits and the replacement rate by 2.54 times. If we keep the geographical barriers but lift the restrictions on equity investments, the growth will be 1.34 times.
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Nesterenko, Svitlana. "Capitalization as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of the forest industry." Ekonomika APK 317, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202103044.
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The purpose of the article is to define and substantiate the system of indicators of the forest industry capitalization as a factor in increasing its competitiveness. Research methods. Empirical method (for estimating the indicators of the level of capitalization of the forestry complex in the dynamics), synthesis (problems and directions of increasing the capitalization of the forest industry), abstract-logical (theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions) are used. Research results. The features of forestry activities are disclosed and the classification of forest industry entities is given depending on regional characteristics, in particular, the forest resource potential on them and their geographical location. Ways are proposed regarding the possibility of increasing the level of capitalization (as a factor in increasing competitiveness) of the forest industry by introducing a number of organizational, technical and managerial innovations, including diversification of activities, priority areas of cooperation with local governments and with subjects of the agro-industrial complex. Scientific novelty. The conclusions about the features of the investment attractiveness of the forestry industry as a necessary factor in increasing the level of capitalization were further developed, and positive and negative trends were generalized in the context of the prospects for increasing the level of capitalization of the forestry complex. For this, the system of indicators of forestry capitalization has been identified and studied, and the calculation of each of them in dynamics has been provided. Practical significance. The necessity of applying relative criteria for diagnosing the competitiveness of the forestry sector of the economy has been established. Proposals for a list of relevant criteria have been made. Tabl.: 1. Refs.:10.
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Bairak, Аnzhela. "Assessment of the influence of external factors on the private medical sector development in Ukraine." Socio-Economic Research Bulletin, no. 3-4(74-75) (October 27, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33987/vsed.3-4(74-75).2020.9-19.
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The article investigates the influence of external factors on the private medical sector development in Ukraine in modern conditions and formulates proposals to reduce their negative effect. In the process of research, the following general scientific methods were used: structuring, comparative analysis, grouping, expert assessments, statistical. It is substantiated that external factors of influence on the private medical sector can have a direct and indirect, stabilizing and destabilizing character. The influence of each identified factors is analyzed by grouping and highlighting the list of factor conditions that determine the success and limited development of the private medical sector. The conclusions substantiate further ways of developing the private medical sector in Ukraine, taking into account the assessment of the impact of external factors, which are, firstly, in the implementation of investment projects to modernize medical equipment for treatment and diagnostics, and secondly, in establishing business contacts with insurance companies and the state, thirdly, in the implementation of effective information systems. A method for assessing the influence of external factors on the development of the private medical sector is proposed, which is based on the use of a square matrix of contiguity and allows to calculate the relative importance of each factor, both stabilizing and destabilizing actions, which made it possible to identify priority factors in each direction, and form the basis for developing recommendations for increasing the potential of the health care system of Ukraine through the activation of the private medical sector. It is proved that the strategy for the private medical sector development in the near future should be aimed at expanding market share for the middle-class population.
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Nazarova, K. O., V. Y. Hordopolov, N. Y. Kuliasha, and O. Y. Kuliasha. "Development of Agribusiness in Ukraine: Analysis, Evaluation and Audit." Business Inform 9, no. 512 (2020): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-9-136-146.
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The article explores the tendencies in the development of the agrarian market of Ukraine. The place of evaluation, analysis and audit of agribusiness, in particular large agriholdings, in ensuring the trust of users of information to their activities is determined. Significance of the agrarian sector for the national economy is proved through the consideration of its share and its dynamics in GDP generation. The average sectoral performance indicators of agribusiness activity in Ukraine in 2017-2019 were analyzed and evaluated. The significance of the negative impact of quarantine restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the agrarian market of Ukraine is determined. In addition, other factors hindering the development of the agrarian market in Ukraine during 2015-2020 are examined. The balance of key indicators in the market that is kept between the values of national production, domestic consumption, export and import of agrarian products is researched and the export direction of development of the Ukrainian agrarian market is proved. It is emphasized that there is no shortage of agrarian products on the national market. The article contains a list of the largest farmers in Ukraine in terms of annual income, land bank size and employment activity of the population. In addition, the research determines the high level of investment attractiveness of the agrarian market of Ukraine, and therefore proves the need to conduct an audit of agribusiness to ensure a high level of trust of foreign investors to the actors of the agrarian market. Conclusions have been drawn about the effectiveness of this activity and a prediction for the future is made.
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Carriger, Michael. "Three strikes and you are out?" Journal of Strategy and Management 10, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 417–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-08-2016-0049.
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Purpose Much has been written in both the management and finance literatures about the impact of downsizing on the financial health and market valuation of companies. However, surprisingly little attention has been paid to the frequency of downsizing and the impact of frequent downsizings. The purpose of this paper is to look at trends in downsizing, asking the question are companies that downsize once more likely to downsize again. The paper also looks at the impact of frequent downsizing, asking the question are frequent downsizers differentially impacted compared to less frequent downsizers. Design/methodology/approach Companies that appeared on the Fortune 500 in 2014 and were also on the list in 2008 were assessed for the impact of repeat downsizings on financial measures (profitability, efficiency, debt, and revenue) and market valuation. A trend analysis was conducted to assess the trend in downsizing and repeated downsizing from 2008 through 2014. A series of univariate analysis of variances were conducted to assess the impact of repeated downsizings on the financial and market valuation indicators. Findings Findings indicate that companies that downsize between 2008 and 2009 were more likely to downsize again in future years. And this repeat downsizing happened at a higher rate than would be expected by the percentage of companies that initially downsized. Findings also indicate that multiple downsizings had a significantly negative impact on the company’s financial performance as measured by two profitability ratios (return on assets and return on investment) and a borderline significant negative impact on the company’s market valuation as measured by stock equity, regardless of industry or initial financial health of the company. Originality/value Two competing theories were considered and the evidence found here support both. However, the “band-aid solution” theory, that downsizing may function as a band-aid addressing the symptoms that lead to the downsizing but not the underlying disorder or cause may be a more parsimonious explanation for the results here. It is hoped that these findings will inform both scholars and practitioners, giving both a clearer picture of the impact of multiple downsizings on corporate performance.
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Nga, Le Thi Viet, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Lan, Ly Lan Yen, Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy, and Do Minh Thuy. "The measurement of muccessful management via a net profit maximization model with ten factors and financial accounting disclosure policy- case of vinamilk in F&B industry in Vietnam." Management 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2019-0044.
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Summary When a firm has better disclosure policy of financial accounting information it will attract more investment. Many factors affecting accounting information disclosure policy include firm size, leverage, industry characteristics, investor types, etc. And good financial accounting data disclosure will help to reduce risk level of firms. At micro level, cost and net sale factors will affect net profit while at macro levels, risk free rate and exchange rate will impact. According to Nikkei Asian Review, Vinamilk (VNM) is the only brand in F&B industry and the domestic industry leader which ranked 25th among 300 listed companies in the List of ASIA300 Power Performers. It leads the organic trend in milk industry and has made very positive contributions to the overall achievements of economic and social values. Good business management requires us to consider the impacts of multi macro and micro factors on net profit, both internal and external factors, and it contributes to promoting business plan and economic policies for economic growth and stabilizing business operation. By data collection method through statistics, analysis, synthesis, comparison, quantitative analysis to generate qualitative comments and discussion; using econometric method to perform regression equation and evaluate quantitative results, the article analyzed and evaluated the impacts of ten (10) macroeconomic factors such as: stock price, VNIndex, risk free rate, lending rate, cost, sale, inflation, GPD growth, S&P500, exchange rate, etc. on net profit of a leading milk listed company, Vinamilk (VNM) in Vietnam in the 10-year period of 2010-2019, both positive and negative sides. From that regression model and analysis, it will draw leadership features, strengths of this industrial leader. The results of quantitative research, in a ten factor model, show that the decrease in GDP growth and risk free rate, inflation and increase in net sale will have a significant effect and increase VNM net profit, with the highest impact coefficient, the second is decreasing cost. This research finding and recommended policy also can be used as reference in policy for F&B system in many developing countries.
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Zachosova, Nataliia, and Nataliia Babina. "DIAGNOSTICS BY FINANCIAL REGULATORS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PREPAREDNESS TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ECONOMIC SECURITY MANAGEMENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-106-115.
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In the conditions of the financial system destabilization in Ukraine, caused by such negative phenomenaas military actions in the East, the economic downturn, political and financial crises, population disappointment inthe institution of power and loss of the people’s confidence in power structures and so on, market mechanisms arenot able to ensure the restoration of the national financial market and to encourage its professional participantsto use mechanisms of protection their own assets and the assets of their clients from external and internal threatsactively. State interference in the functioning of financial institutions is necessary, especially for those of their types,whose bankruptcy may have fatal consequences for the welfare of the population and cause the liquidation ofeconomic entities of the domestic economy. Among them are: banks, insurance companies, credit unions, andother institutions of credit co-operation, investment companies, in particular, joint investment institutions (unit andcorporate investment funds), non-state pension funds, leasing, factoring, and other financial companies, pawns,etc. Therefore, it is expedient to consider the possibility of the influence of state regulators in financial servicesmarkets on the state of their participants’ economic security. However, the study of the realities of the financialmarket of Ukraine development has made it possible to assert that for a number of financial institutions, the conceptof economic security is something abstract, and the understanding by their top management the importanceof economic security management, taking into account the negative market trends, is completely absent.So, the purpose of this study is to diagnose the level of financial institutions preparedness for the implementationof economic security management into their common system of management. The high level of financial marketparticipants’ readiness for safe-oriented management will allow regulators to rapidly implement in their practicea list of recommendations that will minimize the threat of bankruptcy and liquidation of domestic financialinstitutions. Methodology. In the process of preparing a scientific article, a great number of literary sources wasconsidered. Some of them were developed using the method of theoretical generalization and the monographicmethod. The theoretical results presented in the research materials were obtained on the basis of the study ofworks of such scientists as Amadae S. M., Baily M. N., Elliott D. J., Ismail Z., Johnson K. N., Mirtchev A., Nelson J. A.,Raczkowski K., Schneider F., Sidek Z. M., Ula M., Whalen C. J., Wierzbicka E., Yong J. To confirm the reliability of thescientific results presented in the article, the authors used the Delphi method and expert evaluation. The list ofindicators for assessing the level of financial institutions readiness for the implementation of a mechanism formanaging economic security in the following five areas is formed. These areas are: the availability and conditionof the economic security system, the state of information and analytical support for the adoption of managementdecisions in the field of economic security, the state of intellectual and personnel management provision ofeconomic security, reserves of financial support of economic security, the level of external influence on the stateof economic security (state regulation and supervision). In May 2018, representatives of the top management ofvarious types of financial institutions, scientists, researchers, and analysts who were interested in the issues ofeconomic security management of the financial sector were interviewed. Their answers were analysed and the levelof readiness for managing the economic security of the most common types of financial institutions in the financialmarket of Ukraine was determined. Using the graphical method, the obtained scientific results are presented ina convenient and understandable form for the perception of all interested persons. Results of the survey. The necessityof carrying out diagnostics of the readiness to manage economic security at the level of state regulatory bodies andat the level of top management of financial institutions in the near future is substantiated. A large-scale analytical work was carried out on determining the parameters of financial institutions readiness for the continuous and professional economic security management, which should be carried out with the use of a systematic approach. Based on expert opinions, a preliminary assessment of the various types of financial intermediaries’ readiness to integrate security-oriented management into the financial institutions’ common management system was made. Practical implications. The proposed methodological approach for assessing the level of financial institutions readiness to manage their own economic security should be used by the state regulators of the financial market, in particular, by the National Bank of Ukraine and the National Commission, which performs state regulation in the field of financial services markets, to monitor the activities of professional financial market participants in order to conduct advisory and consultative work with their owners and managers, as well as for the development of strategic guidelines for the provision of the state financial security. It is desirable to implement into the practical activities of financial intermediaries our proposals for increasing the readiness for implementation of the economic security management mechanism in the existing systems of management. Value/originality. For the first time, a scoring methodology was prepared for assessing the level of financial institutions readiness for the implementation of economic security management as an independent direction of management, and not as one of the tasks of other types of their management activity. At the theoretical level, the substantive interpretation of the notion of the readiness of financial institutions to manage their own economic security is proposed. The reasons for the impossibility of the modern financial institutions to manage their own economic security effectively are identified, and a few suggestions to minimize their number in the near future were made.
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Fedyshyn, Iryna, and Liudmyla Maliuta. "The crisis impact on the tourist business development." Socio-Economic Problems and the State 22, no. 1 (2020): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/sepd2020.01.036.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze and assess trends of the tourism industry in the world, and in Europe in particular and study the impact of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 virus on the functioning of tourism and hospitality agencies and firms. The materials of official statistical data of Eurostat, OECD countries, UNWTO, reports of the Tourism and Resorts State Agency of Ukraine and State Border Guard Service of Ukraine were used. During the research it was found that globalization challenges, opportunities and threats associated with it are changing the way businesses operate, especially those working in the tourism, hotel and restaurant business. The instability of the world social and political situation, economic crises and slow recovery affect the distribution, production of goods and services, access to the necessary resources. Global development of the tourism sector during 2010-2019 and its impact on GDP of some countries is presented in the article. The characteristic of the tendency of change of the share of GDP formed in the field of tourism in the world from 2000 to 2019 and the list of the countries with the largest share of tourist incomes in GDP in 2019 are given in the article. An analysis of the tourism business at the beginning of 2020 and the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus on its functioning are presented. It was found that in the first quarter of 2020 there was a decrease in international world tourist flows by 22%, the number of tourist flows in March of 2020 decreased by 57%. This has led to a loss of about $ 80 billion in tourism. The tourism industry has faced an unprecedented conflict of threats: on the one hand - fear for human health and life, and on the other - economic losses from quarantine measures, which lead to the impoverishment of individuals and entire nations. The situation is complicated by the fact that investment problems of leading industries have to be solved in a crisis conditions, when the freezing of funds for specific projects has a very negative impact on the efficiency of the entire economic system and, consequently, nation`s welfare. Proposals for anti-crisis management of tourist infrastructure facilities are given.
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Saleh, Younis A. Battal. "Corporate Donations as a Source of Financing an Innovative Strategic Economic Plan to Strengthen the National Economy in More Than One Axis in Developing and Poor Countries: A Justified View." Business Innovation and Entrepreneurship Journal 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35899/biej.v3i1.200.
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In developing and poor countries, corporate donations, which are one of the sources of financing available in those countries, are not being used effectively ″in a correct and ideal way.″ As a result, this theoretical study presented an idea about how to manage and invest this resource in a fruitful way that contributes to strengthening the national economy in more than one axis and addressing many social problems and negative phenomena resulting from the deterioration of economic conditions in those countries, through a strategic economic plan was designed for this purpose. To a large extent, the structure of this study, the formulation of its idea and the formation of its conceptual framework depended on personal diligence, rational thinking and the researcher's imagination, supported by logical justifications. Corporate donations can be used according to the innovative strategic plan to boost the national economy in more than one axis in those countries ″doubling the number of companies - strengthening the infrastructure - enhancing the state's tax revenues - contributing to solving the unemployment problem, etc. ″.Also, this plan will contribute to solving many social problems resulting from the deterioration of the economic conditions in these countries. This is on the practical level, but on the theoretical level, in the field of CSR thought, this study indicated the need to adopt the concept of priority "most important" and the idea of addressing the causes of the problem, not its symptoms, as much as possible, to be included in the list of principles of CSR. Also, this study defined what is meant by the CER at the level of the country's economy as a whole, and fruitful corporate philanthropy "multi-purpose". As well as, this study explained the real interaction between the CER and the CPR at the level of the country's economy as a whole and at the level of the corporation's economy. The researcher expects that this study will receive sufficient attention from the governments of these countries and to benefit from its content in developing their financial policies and laws related to the management and investment of corporate donations in bringing about a real comprehensive development. Also, this study may be the starting point and the cornerstone of many studies and research in this field.