Relevant bibliographies by topics / Negative investment list

Academic literature on the topic 'Negative investment list'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Negative investment list"

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ZHENGYI, ZHANG, and YUE QIANG. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEGATIVE LIST REGULATION FOR FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN CHINA." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 17, no. 5 (October 28, 2021): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2021-17-5-228-237.

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The promotion of the negative list management model represents an innovative trend of the host state to further relax investment access as well as foreign investment control in order to promote transnational foreign direct investment flow. Since the relatively strict investment control system has existed for a long time, the negative list model is undoubtedly a major institutional and management innovation of opening-up. In the future, the negative list management model would be gradually adopted and promoted by contracting states with the conclusion of regional investment agreements, and become the representative achievement of high-level regional and even international investment rules. The involvement would also gradually transit from developed economies to developing economies. Negative list would become a necessary part in the formation and negotiation of international economic and trade rules in the future, and promotion of negative list will also become an important trend in the development of international investment rules.
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Jakubczak, Jacek. "China’s Foreign Investment Encouraged Catalogue and Negative Lists as a Tool of Foreign Direct Investment Attraction." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia 54, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2020.54.2.21-29.

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<p>Theoretical background: Due to the growing maturity of Chinese market the country needs to adjust its policy regarding foreign direct investment (FDI), i.e. to increase openness for FDI, to keep control over them in key industries and to influence their inflow in desired industries and regions. Adopting the negative-list approach and changes in both the negative list and encouraged industry catalogue provides tools for this challenge.</p><p>Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to present how changes in China’s Foreign Investment Encouraged Catalogue and Negative Lists both in free-trade zones (FTZs) and at the national level are used as a tool for managing country’s FDI inflow.</p><p>Research methods: Analysis of legal documents and reports as well as literature review.</p><p>Main findings: Starting from the adoption of negative-list approach in FTZs in 2013, the negative lists had been drastically reduced both in reference to FTZs and national level. Those reductions lead to a decrease in China FDI restrictiveness index. FTZs were used as a testing area for both the negative list composition and negative-list approach itself. Negative lists allowed the state to keep control over FDI in key industries allowing, at the same time, greater freedom for foreign investors. Encouraged catalogue is used not only as a tool for attracting FDI from desired industries but also for addressing regional inequalities.</p>
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Magiera, Stephen. "Indonesia's Investment Negative List: an evaluation for selected services sectors." Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 47, no. 2 (August 2011): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2011.585947.

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Xiaoyang, Zhang. "China’s New Foreign Investment Law." Amicus Curiae 2, no. 1 (October 23, 2020): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14296/ac.v2i1.5212.

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China’s legal framework for governing foreign investment has recently been considerably streamlined in comparison to its former self. The newly promulgated Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic tends to level the investment playing field in the country so that foreign investors can no longer enjoy significant privileges that have been unavailable to domestic firms and entrepreneurs. Operating a relatively nondiscriminatory mechanism, such as has been introduced, will in practice mean reliance on a negative list approach to confine inflows of overseas capital to specifically identify sensitive sectors. As China has committed its market to opening up on a much grander scale in the foreseeable future, the new foreign investment regime and accompanying ideology may not necessarily deter foreign investors from looking for opportunities in the foreseeable future. Keywords: China; foreign investment; negative list; market opening-up
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Kuzminykh, Yu V., and E. A. Naumova. "MODERN TOOLS TO PROMOTE EXPORT-ORIENTED INVESTMENT PROJECTS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 3 (May 31, 2022): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-3-451-459.

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Currently, in the field of foreign economic activity of the Russian Federation, the strategic task of increasing the volume of non-resource non-energy exports is being implemented, which is impossible without increasing the investment activity of Russian exporters. The authors have analyzed the current state, dynamics and structure of investments in the Russian Federation. A list of negative factors hindering the implementation of export-oriented investment projects has been determined. It is indicated that potential and existing investors in the field of foreign trade activities can take advantage of both general and specific measures to stimulate the investment process. Using the methods of comparison, system analysis and generalization, a characterization of modern measures of state support for the investment activities of export producers has been carried out, the most promising of which, according to the authors, are the corporate program to increase competitiveness, the mechanism of agreements on the protection and promotion of capital investments and the modernized version of the special investment contract. It has been identified what negative factors hindering the investment process can be minimized through the mechanisms under consideration to support investors from the state in the implementation of export-oriented projects. The conditions limiting the use of the analyzed tools to increase the investment activity of exporters are indicated. The results of the study can be used by potential investors when choosing a state program to stimulate investments in fixed capital of exporters of non-energy commodities.
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Tatiara, Wildatul Fitri, and Toshihiro Kudo. "The Impact of Negative Investment List (NIL) Introduction on Investment Decisions of Foreign and Domestic Investors in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning 2, no. 2 (August 23, 2021): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v2i2.151.

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As an investment intervention policy, NIL is present to grant legal certainty to investors and invite more investment. Its existence has possible impacts on investment decisions. However, the studies of its effect are limited, focusing only on specific NIL versions and sectors. To fill this gap, the present paper investigates the impact of NIL introduction on the investment decisions of foreign and domestic investors in Indonesia by utilizing all NIL versions and business field-level data of the planned investment values from 2005 to 2018. The analysis shows, first, the NIL introduction may generate the investment inflows from both FDI and DDI. Second, there was a parallel movement of crowding-in effect between foreign and national firms responding to the investment opportunities open to both parties. This study suggests that more detailed and transparent information should be provided in the NIL to guarantee its effectiveness.
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Novoselova, L. V. "Attracting Foreign Investment to the Chinese Economy: the Latest Secured Approaches Law." Russian Economic Journal, no. 4 (August 2020): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/0130-9757-2020-4-88-102.

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The article examines the current trends of China's current policy in attracting foreign direct investment. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the law of the people's Republic of China on foreign investment, which came into force in 2020 and replaced the three previous laws on enterprises with foreign capital participation. Based on the results of this analysis, a significant increase in the legal protection of foreign entrepreneurs was found. The new system of investment administration based on the application of the «negative list for foreign investments» with a gradual transition from the permissive to the notification procedure for the creation of enterprises of foreign capital is evaluated. It is characterized by a multi-level system of preferential financing areas and, above all, the last generation of these territories, represented by experimental free trade zones. The role of foreign entrepreneurship in overcoming the consequences of the «coronacrisis» is highlighted.
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Guo, Hua Bing. "The Research on the Influence of Negative List Mode on China’s Foreign Investment Access System." Korean Chinese Relations Review 4, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33575/kcrr.2018.4.3.101.

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王, 乔. "The Legal Analysis on the Negative List System of Foreign Investment in Free Trade Zone." Advances in Social Sciences 06, no. 05 (2017): 547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ass.2017.65075.

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Chanyuan, Wang. "On the Development and Perfection of the Negative List system for Foreign Investment Admittance in China." Progress in Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (2021): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35534/pss.0303017.

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Books on the topic "Negative investment list"

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Philippines. Foreign Investments Act of 1991, R.A. 7042: As amended by R.A. 8179 : implementing rules and regulations : second regular foreign investment negative list. [Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines: Dept. of Trade and Industry, 1996.

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Butt, Simon, and Tim Lindsey. Foreign Investment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199677740.003.0018.

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Successive governments have emphasized Indonesia’s need for greatly increased foreign investment but have not matched this with sufficient reform to attract large amounts of it. This chapter begins by describing the requirements for foreign investment, including establishment of PMAs, or foreign investment companies, before considering the restrictions that apply to them, such as the ‘negative list’ of sectors closed to investors, or open with restrictions. It looks at important court decisions that have made foreign investment more difficult, along with the share divestment and onshore ore processing rules that have had the same effect, particularly in the mining sector. The chapter then outlines the law relating to commercial arbitration, including the rules limiting the enforcement of foreign awards in Indonesia. The last topic covered is public-private partnerships (PPPs) and the Indonesian Investment Guarantee Fund, which guarantees payment of state liabilities to foreign investors but struggles to attract new projects.
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Book chapters on the topic "Negative investment list"

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Wei, Shen, and Zhang Beibei. "Negative List." In China's Foreign Investment Law in the New Normal, 102–38. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003130499-3.

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Xie, Dan. "Changing Tide of China's Foreign Investment Regulatory Reform Starting From Free Trade Zones." In Handbook of Research on Special Economic Zones as Regional Development Enablers, 170–85. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7619-9.ch009.

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China Pilot Free Trade Zones have played important roles in promoting foreign investment and openness by conducting various administrative and legislative reforms. Since the establishment of the first Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone, the market access negative list for foreign investment has been introduced within SHFTZ and gradually promoted in other FTZs and nationwide. This nationwide regulatory reform of market access has significantly changed China's long-time practice of ‘case-by-case approvals' (positive-list) and is consistent with China's approach of reservations and non-conforming measures under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment. This chapter examines the historical evolution of negative lists from FTZs to the whole country. It explores the interaction among the local, national, and transnational investment legal regimes in regard to market access. Last, it proposes suggestions for better alignment of market access negative lists in FTZs, the nationwide, and free trade agreements.
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Huang, Jie (Jeanne). "Nationwide Regulatory Reform Starting from China’s Free Trade Zones." In China's International Investment Strategy, 87–99. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827450.003.0006.

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Before conducting profound reforms of the trade and investment legal framework, China often implements the reform on a small scale, generally in specified geographic zones as testing grounds. After these testing grounds generate fruitful results, the reform may be implemented nationwide. A typical example is the five special economic zones established in the 1980s. After the Cultural Revolution, the first round of Chinese regulatory reform in trade and investment took place in 1978. Led by the late Premier Deng Xiaoping, China implemented the opening-up policy. Deng established five special economic zones to attract foreign investment by allowing a greater role for individual autonomy and Western-style market forces. Lessons learned from the special economic zones were implemented nationwide. For example, the corporate Sino-foreign joint venture was first tested in special economic zones and, after it proved successful, was adopted nationwide. These zones are also the pioneers in China to use tax holidays to attract foreign investment and many regions in inland China followed their example. In the 1990s, special economic zones gradually ended their mission as testing grounds. Among all the regulatory reforms conducted in the free trade zones (FTZs), adopting a negative list to regulate the foreign investment market access is important, because it significantly departs from China’s long-time domestic practice and aims to bridge China’s investment law with high-standard international agreements. This chapter focuses on the negative list adopted by China’s FTZs to regulate access to foreign investment markets and explores its significance, analyses its insufficiencies, and proposes suggestions for improvement.
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"Sectors where Foreign Investors Face Specific Restrictions (adapted from the Negative List as set out in Presidential Regulation 36/2010)." In OECD Investment Policy Reviews, 232–37. OECD, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264087019-15-en.

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"Legal Analysis The 16th Economic Policy Package about The Relaxation of Negative Investment List to The Development of The Tourism Industry in Indonesia." In Proceedings of Tourism Development Centre International Conference, 244–53. Sciendo, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/9788395720406-026.

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Booker, Vaughn A. "“Tears of Joy”." In Lift Every Voice and Swing, 78–108. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479892327.003.0004.

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This chapter centers the jazz vocalist Ella Fitzgerald’s career as a racial crossover artist, whose early career was critical to securing jazz as a profession for race representation. After emerging as a popular vocalist for Chick Webb’s swing band, she became a symbol of a respectable African American woman to counter the negative characterizations of the jazz world as corrupting of youth. Her career in the late 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s became an effective vehicle for the desegregation of performance venues and the creation of integrated clubs, due to her popularity with black and white audiences. Fitzgerald’s race representation included her status as a wealthy African American woman who provided for her extended family and who made charitable investments in civil rights organizations, particularly the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Fitzgerald’s highly visible race representation entailed constant black and white press coverage and critical assessments that produced two major and recurring debates: whether Fitzgerald constituted a legitimate jazz singer, and whether her perceived lack of emotion in performance disqualified her as an authentic black jazz woman vocalist. Importantly, Fitzgerald showcased the jazz profession in several aspects as a non-religious vehicle for accomplishing the progressive, integrationist pursuits of religious race representatives.
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"A Domestic National Controls a Foreign Investor in Investment Arbitration: in Light of China’s Negative Lists." In The Belt and Road Initiative, 359–72. Brill | Nijhoff, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004373792_015.

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Conference papers on the topic "Negative investment list"

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Chen, Rui, Jianning Kang, Yuxi Xie, and Yutong Zhou. "Current Situation and Improvement of China’s Negative List System for Foreign Investment." In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.081.

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Belykh, Vladimir, and Tatyana Stadnik. "Improving the Procedures for Concluding Transfer Pricing Agreements in Russia and Kazakhstan: a Comparative-Legal Analysis." In The XX International Scientific Conference "Functioning of Investments Financed from State Resources and from Other Sources in The Countries of Central And Eastern Europe". Temida 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/ipf.2022.01.

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The article provides a comparative analysis of the procedure for considering and concluding transfer pricing agreements in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The issues of determining the parties to the transfer pricing agreement, introducing amendments and additions to them, the timing of the final decision on the application of entrepreneurs to conclude an agreement, as well as the list of documents required for its signing are to be investigated. The discussions of civil scientists regarding the interpretation of the nature of agreements on pricing, namely, referring them to one of the types of tax control or to a contractual form of regulation of relations in the field of taxation have been studied and reflected. The positive and negative aspects of transfer pricing agreements for the state and business have been identifi ed. It is noted that pricing agreements can help achieve a balance of public and private interests, neutralize the negative aspects of the use of transfer prices, including reducing numerous disputes and litigation between entrepreneurs and government agencies. Proposals were made to amend and supplement the legislation on transfer pricing in Russia and Kazakhstan in terms of improving the procedure for concluding transfer pricing agreements for tax purposes.
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Tsintsadze, Asie, Irina Vashakmadze, Irina Tavadze, and Lilit Meloyan-Phutkaradze. "Analysis of the Financial Market as a Driving Force of the Regional Economy in the Conditions of pre- and post – Pandemic." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.025.

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The pandemic has negatively affected the financial sector, as well as the real sector of the economy, both losses and credit risks in the financial market have increased on the background of the economic activity slowed-down. In 2019, the credit activity was high, however after the spread of the virus the activity slowed down significantly. This is natural, as due to the suspension of production –organizing, the unemployment has increased. Volume of the direct foreign investments has decreased by 42 %. Government of Georgia has developed an anti-crisis plan, important part of which is about the mitigation of deteriorated living conditions caused by the unemployment, whereas the National Bank of Georgia has pursued monetary and fiscal policies for the purpose of mitigation of negative influence of COVID-19 on the country’s financial sector and for the stimulation of the country's economy. In general, saving the business is considered as a priority. The current situation in the banking, insurance and stock markets and their role in the fight for maintaining the economic stability are analysed in the present article. It is important to note that, the insurance sector is the part of the economic, which did not need financial assistance in a difficult situation, but due to the common socio-economic situation, diseases caused by the stressful conditions of the population, it was necessary to make significant changes in the list of the insurance services. This, to the extent had led to some unforeseen costs, which had affected the financial conditions of the companies. According to the evaluation of the credit rating company -Fitch, the trustworthy policy implemented by the National Bank of Georgia, had played an important role in the maintenance of the financial stability and Georgian sovereign rating remained unchanged, at BB level, however, what parameters and in what area was the rating maintained and how the positions of the main players in the financial market have been changed, are the main directions of the article's research.
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Sheldon, Seth, and Ory Zik. "Water Scarcity: An Energy Problem." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88241.

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Using the connection between water and energy as a case study, we present a model that uses the effects of geospatial and temporal context on embedded energy to approximate resource sustainability for water. First, the basic steps of calculating the energy intensity for a given location are discussed. Intensity is presented in units of energy per volume of water. In the case of supplying fresh water, energy intensity depends upon the quality of the original resource, its location relative to the end use location, and the type of technology in use to move and treat the water. Pumping, and conveyance, purification, distribution, wastewater treatment, and system inefficiencies (e.g. evaporative losses, leaks) increase the total energy investment, while water recycling decreases the total investment. Lift and purification are typically the greatest contributors to the overall energy intensity of a fresh water supply, but system inefficiencies can have a substantial impact as well. Over time, growing cities tend to progress from using their least energy intensive water resources (e.g. untreated surface water) to their most energy intensive (e.g. long distance transfers, desalinated water lifted to high elevations) as water demands begin to outstrip supplies. As a function of water availability, we assign each location an intensity value that approaches the intensity of its next “best” (i.e., least energy intensive) source of water. Hence, an area which is depleting its available surface and groundwater may have desalinated surface or groundwater as its next (and last) resort. The area would be characterized as undergoing water stress, and relatively less sustainable than areas which use their local fresh water supplies with no perceivable negative impact. An operating principle of this research is that with enough energy, it is possible to supply any location with fresh water. Desalinated ocean water, moved over long distances and lifted to great heights represents that upper limit. Working backwards from this extreme scenario, it is possible to not only move away from the paradigm of unitless or vague sustainability indices, but to quantify resource scarcity in a way that is both intuitive and actionable. The model is also self-correcting: areas may reduce the energy intensity of a sustainable water supply through better management of existing fresh water resources or through technological innovations that produce fresh water from degraded sources in an energy efficient manner. A major conclusion of this research is that the amount of energy necessary to maintain a reliable supply of fresh water greatly varies by location and technology choice. Further, many areas of the country overuse their local fresh water sources. To create a durable water supply, such areas can 1) reduce their use of local fresh water to sustainable levels and invest in alternative water sources—at a high financial and energy cost, or 2) aggressively pursue water efficiency measures so that they can both reduce their reliance on local fresh water sources and avoid the high costs associated with alternative water supplies. Additionally, by converting water use to energy consumption as a function of scarcity, it is possible to weigh the relative importance of water use efficiency to conservation in other areas (e.g. electricity, direct heating, waste disposal).
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