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Salokangas, Raimo K. R., Markus Heinimaa, Tanja Svirskis, Tiina Laine, Jukka Huttunen, Terja Ristkari, Tuula Ilonen, et al. "Perceived negative attitude of others as an early sign of psychosis." European Psychiatry 24, no. 4 (May 2009): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.12.011.
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AbstractAimRisk of psychosis is defined by the presence of positive psychotic-like symptoms, by subtle self-perceived cognitive and perceptual deficiencies, or by decreased functioning with familial risk of psychosis. We studied the associations of psychiatric outpatients' self-reported functioning and interpersonal relationships with vulnerability to and risk of psychosis.MethodsA total of 790 young patients attending psychiatric outpatient care completed the PROD screen [Heinimaa M, Salokangas RKR, Ristkari T, Plathin M, Huttunen J, Ilonen T, et al. PROD-screen – a screen for prodromal symptoms of psychosis. Int J Meth Psychiatr Res 2003;12:92–04.], including questions on functioning, interpersonal relationships and subtle specific (psychotic-like) and non-specific symptoms. Vulnerability to psychosis was assessed employing the patient's written descriptions of specific symptoms. Of the patients vulnerable to psychosis, those at current risk of psychosis were assessed using the Bonn Scale for Assessment of Basic Symptoms [Schultze-Lutter F, Klosterkötter J. Bonn scale for assessment of basic symptoms – prediction list, BSABS-P. Cologne: University of Cologne; 2002] and the Structured Interview for Positive symptoms [Miller TJ, McGlashan TH, Rosen JL, Somjee L, Markovich PJ, Stein K, et al. Prospective diagnosis of the initial prodrome for schizophrenia based on the structured interview for prodromal syndromes: preliminary evidence of interrater reliability and predictive validity. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:863–65.].ResultsIn all, 219 patients vulnerable to and 55 patients at current risk of psychosis were identified. Vulnerability to psychosis was associated with all items of functioning and interpersonal relationships. Current risk of psychosis, however, was associated only with the subjectively reported negative attitude of others. Negative attitude of others was also associated with feelings of reference at both vulnerability and risk levels.ConclusionThe subjective experience of negative attitude of others towards oneself may be an early indicator of psychotic development.
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Doronina, S. V. "Verbal Extremism in Everyday Interpersonal Communication." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, no. 2 (July 13, 2019): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-2-61-66.
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The extremist statements are diverse and can be classified in a range of aspects: semantic, pragmatic and rhetorical. Analysis of expert practice enables to distinguish two semantic classes: statements about national/religious group and statements about nationalist ideology. In terms of pragmatism the statements are divided into the following types: calls for action against a group; statements about actions against a group and negative attitude to it; humiliation of group members; threat to group members. Apart from that constative statements are divided into two subgroups depending on their rhetorical structure: evaluative statements and statements containing justification for negative judgments. The content and pragmatic signs of “extremist” contexts can be found in various combinations limited by the features of a communicative situation. The article summarises expert practice on the study of extremist statements uttered primarily during interpersonal domestic disputes. It is shown that the variety of statements can be reduced to a finite list of features which are a special subject of the research.
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Mirzakhanyan, Karlen. "On Some Managerial Approaches Towards Interpersonal Aggression." WISDOM 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v1i1.91.
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The article deals with the main theoretical problems of aggression viewed within the management context, more specifically, through the major tasks of organizational management and administration. It contains the basic standpoints towards the problem of aggressive behavior both individually and socially expressed within the management routine. The issues of main concern help to discover the major items of psychological awareness and competences necessary for managers. Inhere the problem of aggression is perceived both as an impeding cause or circumstance, demotivating process and as a negative consequence or result. Thus, the article gives an overall idea about the possible instances of managerial performance in cases of explicit and implicit aggressive behavior or attitude.
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Nasution, Mustafa Kamal. "Involving Students’ Opinion in Actual and Preferred Teacher Interpersonal Behavior and Their Attitude Towards Science Subject." Al-Ta lim Journal 23, no. 1 (February 20, 2016): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15548/jt.v23i1.171.
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This study aims to investigate the student perception on teacher interpersonal behavior and their attitude toward science subject. 207 respondents were involved, consisted of 200 students in 10-12 grade and 7 science teachers of public high school in Aceh. Two types of questionnaires were used namely the Indonesian version of the questionnaire of teacher interaction (QTI) and test of science related attitude (TOSRA). SPSS program were applied to process the data statistically. First, the reliability of questionnaires is measured using descriptive statistics of all and each scale of QTI. Second, the difference between students’ perceptions on the actual and ideal teacher interpersonal behavior was computed by Paired Sample t-tests. Third, the relationship between students' perception on teachers’ interpersonal behavior and students' attitudes towards science subjects was compared using multiple regression analysis-standardized regression coefficient β. The finding showed that the Indonesian version of questionnaire of teacher interaction (QTI) is reliable (αC = 0.86), to be applied to the high school students in the regency. It is generally seen that the students consider their teachers demonstrate more positive interpersonal behavior than the negative. However, it is clearly seen that between actual and ideal perceptions on the whole scale of QTI is significantly different. Last, from the three scales of teacher interpersonal behavior, helping/friendly, dissatisfaction, and admonishing appeared influential, only the helping/friendly scale significantly correlate (at the .05 level) with student attitudes toward science subject.
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Tao, Weiting. "How Consumers’ Pre-Crisis Associations and Attitude Certainty Impact Their Responses to Different Crises." Communication Research 45, no. 6 (October 3, 2017): 815–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650217733361.
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Through two experiments, this study examines how consumers with positive or negative associations in corporate ability (CA) versus social responsibility (CSR) respond to associated-based corporate crises. It also tests how consumers further adjust their responses based on the perceived certainty in their pre-crisis company attitudes. Theoretical insights from cognitive psychology (confirmation bias and attitude certainty literature), interpersonal communication (expectancy violations theory), corporate reputation, and crisis management are used to inform predictions. Results of Experiment 1 reveal attitude certainty determines when positive pre-crisis associations buffer a company against crises or backfire. Additionally, the buffering and backfiring effects vary in magnitude dependent on the relevance of the crisis to these associations. Results of Experiment 2 show attitude certainty also matters when prior associations are negative. This study contributes to crisis communication and management scholarship by providing interdisciplinary insights on how consumers update their crisis responses according to various contextual factors.
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Ahmed, Mozumdar Arifa. "Effects of Interpersonal Problems at Workplace on Job Involvement." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v1i1.202.
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Job involvement plays an important role to create positive job attitude which indicates strong psychological bonding of an employee to his or her job. On the other hand interpersonal problems at workplace make job conflict, increase job stress which is threatening to create positive job attitudes. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between interpersonal problems and job involvement, to explore how different types of interpersonal problems effect on job involvement and to examine the problem areas of interpersonal relationship in workplace that can create negative impact on job involvement. The measuring instruments used in this study were: Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP-64) (Alden, Wiggins, Pincus & Horowitz, 2000) for measuring different types of interpersonal problems. And Work Involvement Scale (Kanungo, 1982) for measuring job involvement. According to the objective of the present study the obtain data were analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation and simple regression. The survey results revealed that interpersonal problem is negatively correlated to job involvement. The study also found that the people who are mostly face problems in cold / distant, overly accommodating and intrusive/needy domains in case of interpersonal relationship; they are more at risk to be less involved with job.
JEL Classification Code: M12
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Fomichenko, A. S. "The influence of interaction in the «teacher-pupil» system on schoolchildren’s learning and development (based on foreign publications)." Современная зарубежная психология 8, no. 1 (2019): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2019080108.
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This article is devoted to the description of the influence of the teacher-pupils’ relationship on schoolchildren’s learning and development. Factual material is presented in favor of the fundamental importance of favorable interpersonal relations between the teacher and pupils. The problem of a negative relationship, its negative impact on academic performance, pupils’ behavior, their attitude to the learning process, peers, teachers and the school as a whole are analyzed in detail. This study demonstrates the relationship between teachers’ mental representations about the relationship in the teacher-pupil system and teacher behavior
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Walther, Eva, and Claudia Trasselli. "I Like Her, Because I Like Myself: Self-Evaluation as a Source of Interpersonal Attitudes." Experimental Psychology 50, no. 4 (October 2003): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//1618-3169.50.4.239.
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Abstract. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that self-evaluation can serve as a source of interpersonal attitudes. In the first study, self-evaluation was manipulated by means of false feedback. A subsequent learning phase demonstrated that the co-occurrence of the self with another individual influenced the evaluation of this previously neutral target. Whereas evaluative self-target similarity increased under conditions of negative self-evaluation, an opposite effect emerged in the positive self-evaluation group. A second study replicated these findings and showed that the difference between positive and negative self-evaluation conditions disappeared when a load manipulation was applied. The implications of self-evaluation for attitude formation processes are discussed.
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Nihayah, Ulin. "KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL, SOLUSI ALTERNATIF MENGATASI KEJENUHAN RUTINITAS IBU RUMAH TANGGA." Sawwa: Jurnal Studi Gender 11, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/sa.v11i2.1457.
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<span lang="EN-US">Saturated feeling often experienced by man as an individual. Attitude saturation on this individual, addressed with a mixed response. Not a few people who stuck with the feeling of saturation that result in actions that might be considered negative because it harms him, one of them housewives. Feeling tired or bored of the routines performed by housewives if not addressed will result in stress that will have an impact on the problem of domestic life. As one alternative that is done to overcome this stress is to do with interpersonal communication with a partner. Interpersonal communication is intended to help in order to solve problems related to boredom experienced by a housewife.</span>
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Kusumaningrum, Weni, Rita Damayanti, John Douglas Storey, and Fitra Yelda. "Improving a long-acting reversible contraception usage by understanding client perspectives." Medical Journal of Indonesia 29, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.203149.
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BACKGROUND Despite the limited use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) in Indonesia, they have proven to be cost-effective in family planning programs. This study was aimed to identify the elements of ideas and views that people hold and their association with the use of LARC (intrauterine devices and implants) as a means of improving its utilization in Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province, Indonesia.
METHODS Data were derived from the Improving Contraceptive Mix Methods survey of 6,384 respondents in Bima District, Central Lombok, and North Lombok, NTB Province, in 2015. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to identify suitable elements of 19 variables and generate three ideation elements on attitude, knowledge, and interpersonal communication. Subsequently, the association of three ideation elements with LARC use in NTB was examined.
RESULTS Multivariate analysis revealed that LARC use was higher among women with a positive attitude toward LARC and high frequency of interpersonal communication. Women with positive attitudes had 7 times greater odds of using LARC than women with negative attitudes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 7.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.09–8.55). Women with a high frequency of interpersonal communication were 2.4 times more likely to use LARC than women with low communication frequency (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.94–2.99).
CONCLUSIONS To increase the use of LARC in NTB, family planning programs should not only focus on improving women’s knowledge but also prioritizing the promotion of positive attitudes toward LARC and facilitating interpersonal communication.
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Teoh, Deanna. "The Power of Social Media for HPV Vaccination–Not Fake News!" American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 39 (May 2019): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_239363.
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The Fogg theory of mass interpersonal communication suggests that social media has the ability to combine the credibility of interpersonal persuasion with mass media, resulting in a desired attitude or behavior among a large group of people. Although social media can be a very effective way of communicating health recommendations, they can also be used to spread incorrect information (a.k.a., fake news). Content analyses of social media show a mix of positive and negative messaging regarding vaccination against HPV, and sentiment may vary by social media site. Positive messages are more likely to appeal to logic, citing facts and statistics, whereas negative messages are more likely to use personal stories to appeal to emotions. An ecologic study has shown a correlation between the predominant HPV vaccine sentiment in a state and statewide HPV vaccine coverage, suggesting social media messaging has the ability to influence HPV vaccination decisions.
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Khaofia, Suci. "REALISASI AFEK PADA TALK SHOW MATA NAJWA ON STAGE “SEMUA KARENA AHOK”." Adabiyyāt: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajbs.2018.02102.
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This research discusses the realization of affect as a part of interpersonal meaning in a talk show of Mata Najwa on stage “Semua Karena Ahok”. The research is a descriptive qualitative research. The source of data in this research is the dialogue of Najwa Shihab which contains polarity and lexis attitudinal. The result shows that Mata Najwa on stage “Semua Karena Ahok” has three patterns of polarity and lexis appears in talk show; 1) positive polarity with positive attitudinal lexis, means positive, 2) positive polarity with negative attitudinal lexis, means negative and 3) negative polarity with negative attitudinal lexis, means negative. Najwa Shihab expresses positive attitude to Ahok but neutral to other participants. Najwa Shihab also express both positive and negative to the topic of the dialogue such as Jakarta, Mata Najwa on Stage, and traffic in Jakarta.
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Tiar Sirait, Ferdinand Eskol. "Manusia Dan Teknologi: Perilaku Interaksi Interpersonal Sebelum dan Sesudah Media Digtal." Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) 3, no. 2 (December 2, 2020): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/jehss.v3i2.366.
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This article aims to examine the behavior of interpersonal interactions before and after digital media. The method of scientific articles uses descriptive qualitative methods through literature study, namely research based on literature studies and analysis of the development of problems in society. This study concludes that with interpersonal communication a person is more interested, so that creative ideas will grow for self-development. The presence of social media not only has an impact on interpersonal communication but also has an impact on interpersonal relationships. Social media has changed the attitude and style of a person, people who are initially friendly will experience changes to be ignorant of their surroundings because their attention has been diverted to social media. Changes in social relationships or changes as a balance (equilibrium) of social relations and all forms of changes in social institutions within a society, which affect the social system, including values, attitudes and behavior patterns among groups in society. Positive social changes such as obtaining information, obtaining social and economic benefits. Meanwhile, social changes that tend to be negative include social groups acting on behalf of religion, ethnicity and certain behavior patterns that sometimes deviate from existing norms.
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Gudzinskiene, Vida, Andrejus Pozdniakovas, and Jautre Ramute Šinkūnienė. "PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT SYNDROME IN SOCIAL WORKERS, EMPLOYED IN COMMUNITY REHABILITATION CENTRES FOR ADDICTIVE DISEASES: THE CONTEXT OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 7 (May 28, 2021): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol7.6284.
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The article overviews the problematic questions of the study: 1) What interpersonal factors cause professional burnout syndrome in social workers, employed in community rehabilitation centres for addictive diseases; 2) How communal relationships with colleagues can help overcome professional burnout. Research object: interpersonal relationships of social workers. The aim of the article is to reveal possibilities of overcoming professional burnout syndrome on the basis of the experiences of social workers’ interpersonal relationships. Research methods: academic literature analysis, document analysis, the method of a semi-structured interview, quality (content) analysis, summarizing method were used. The study was conducted in January – March of 2020 in the community rehabilitation centre for addictive diseases. Empirical research has shown that social workers, employed in community rehabilitation centres for addictive diseases, believe that the threat and risk of professional burnout syndrome arise, first of all, from interpersonal relationships with clients: their negative attitude towards social workers, inadequate client communication culture, lack of positive feedback. Secondly, it is important for social workers to feel emotional and moral support and help of colleagues, share responsibility for work. Joint leisure time improves the quality of communication between colleagues, strengthens the inner relationship in the collective, increases work efficiency.
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Ruiz-Mafe, Carla, Jose Tronch, and Silvia Sanz-Blas. "The role of emotions and social influences on consumer loyalty towards online travel communities." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 26, no. 5 (September 12, 2016): 534–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-12-2014-0294.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the role of emotions and social influences on loyalty formation towards online travel communities. Design/methodology/approach The individual (perceived risk) and social (subjective norm and social presence) antecedents of emotions as well as the impact of emotions on attitude and loyalty towards online travel communities are tested through structural equation modelling techniques. The sample consists of 385 active users of online travel communities in Spain. Findings Data analysis shows that perceived privacy and security risk elicit negative emotions such as stress, frustration and fear towards the online travel community. Normative influences (subjective norm) and feeling the presence of other community members (social presence) boost positive emotions towards the online travel community. Interpersonal influences have a positive effect on subjective norm but not external influences. Positive and negative emotions affect preferences towards the online travel community (attitudes) as proposed by social impact theory. Subjective norm and attitude have a direct influence on loyalty towards an online travel community, confirming previous research grounded on theory of reasoned action models. Originality/value Despite the crucial impact of consumers’ affective states on loyalty formation, research on social media is mainly focused on the technological nature of consumer information exchanges, neglecting other drivers of consumer behaviour beyond the technology employed. This paper develops a model that integrates the relationships between consumer emotions and their individual (perceived risk) and social (social presence and subjective norm) antecedents and outcome variables (attitude and loyalty). The role of social influences is analysed, assessing the conjoint impact of one-way communication (interpersonal influences and mass media) and Web 2.0 communications (social presence) on positive emotions and loyalty formation towards the online travel community.
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Haegele, Justin A., Chunxiao Li, and Wesley J. Wilson. "Mindfulness, Contact Anxiety, and Attitudes Toward Students With Visual Impairments Among Certified Adapted Physical Educators." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 37, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2019-0194.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between interpersonal/intrapersonal mindfulness, contact anxiety, and attitudes toward students with visual impairments among certified adapted physical educators. Participants included 115 certified adapted physical educators who completed a 31-item online survey, composed of a 10-item demographic questionnaire, a 14-item mindfulness in teaching scale, a four-item intergroup anxiety scale, and a three-item attitude scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that intrapersonal mindfulness was a negative predictor of contact anxiety (β = −0.26, p = .007) and contact anxiety negatively predicted attitudes (β = −0.22, p = .02). A mediation analysis revealed that intrapersonal mindfulness had an indirect effect on attitudes through contact anxiety, b = 0.09, SE = 0.05, 95% confidence interval [0.006, 0.22]. Collectively, both intrapersonal and interpersonal mindfulness appear to be responsible for the formation of attitudes, but with different underlying processes involved.
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Nurjanah, Ratih Laily. "ATTITUDE ANALYSIS OF “THE GUARDIAN” EDITORIAL: LOCKDOWN POLICY AND THE GOVERNMENT." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature) 6, no. 2 (August 3, 2021): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i2.13776.
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This study aims to analyze the presented attitude based on the choice of words in an editorial published by The Guardian on November 5th, 2020 entitled “The Guardian View on the New Lockdown: Fewer Promises, Better Performance Needed”. One of the most relevant discourses to be analyzed is editorial section of newspaper that is considered as the purest part of mass media reflected ideology, or in this case, political stance. This is a qualitative study using the method of Systemic Functional Language framework with the specification of interpersonal meaning especially appraisal analysis with 22 appraising items taken from the editorial as the sources of data. The findings show that The Guardian is more likely not standing on the same side as the government by giving more negative attitude than the positive ones in terms of affects, judgment, and appreciation. Getting involved in attitude analysis as a part of SFL is considered important in ELT process to help students use language appropriately started from small unit like word.
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Zozul, T. "RESEARCH OF ADAPTATION MANIFESTATIONS IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL CONTACTS OF CHILDREN-RESETERS." Psychology and Personality, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2019.1.163992.
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The article contains an analysis of the empirical study data of the social relations as an indicator of the adaptation of children-migrants specificity. A brief overview of current scientific research on the specifics of the adaptability of this category of children is presented. The results of socially important personal qualities, trends in interpersonal communication, reactions to frustration, attitude towards the school of children-migrants and representatives of control group empirical research are presented. Sociometric positions and the class collective composition perception indicators of children of the studied groups are analyzed. Children’s of migrants tendencies on indifferent and negative attitude to school, normal position in the system of microgroups of the class, lack of isolation and orientation on normal class collective composition perception are presented in the article.
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Alaguev, Mikhail V. "Entry into intercultural marriage: factors of spouse choice." National Psychological Journal 41, no. 1 (2021): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/npj.2021.0106.
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Background. Intercultural marriages are micro-level models of intercultural relations and can help to understand the changing society of the globalization era. The objective. Revealing attitudes towards entry into intercultural marriage and factors influencing the choice of a foreign cultural marriage partner among Russians and Buryats in the Republic of Buryatia. Design. The study was conducted in 2020 in the Republic of Buryatia using a socio-psychological survey on online platform. The convenience sample was used (the “snowball” method). The sample included representatives of 2 groups: Russians (N = 111) and Buryats (N = 102). Results. The analysis showed that the attitude towards entry into intercultural marriage in these groups is above average, while no significant differences were found between the groups. The negative attitude towards intercultural marriages among Buryats to a greater extent than among Russians was determined by factors reflecting the acceptance of intercultural marriages by relatives, loved ones and society in general, which was more significant for the Buryats. Among the Russians, more than among the Buryats, negative attitudes were interconnected with factors reflecting personal characteristics of the future spouse (values, norms of behavior) and interpersonal communication. For both the Russians and the Buryats, negative attitude towards entering into intercultural marriages is associated with the importance of proximity of cooking traditions, naming, raising children and their identity, as well as religious beliefs. Conclusion. The general favorable “Zeitgeist” in Buryatia towards intercultural marriages contributes to the tolerant attitude towards the creation of such married couples among both the Russians and the Buryats.
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Mustafa Kamal Nasution. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER INTERPERSONAL BEHAVIOR AND STUDENT ATTITUDE TOWARD SCIENCE LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOL: INDONESIAN CASE STUDY." Visipena Journal 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/visipena.v3i2.57.
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This study proposes to assess the relationship between student perceptions on teacher interpersonal behavior and student attitude toward Science in Indonesian Primary school. This research engaged 143 students from SDN 47 Jambi, Indonesia. To gather the data, two types of questionnaires were used; Test of Science Related Attitude (TOSRA) and the Indonesian version of the Questionnaire Teacher Interpersonal (QTI). SPSS program were applied to process the data statistically. The result shows that the questionnaires are relatively reliable for Indonesian primary students. Acceptability of Cronbach alpha coefficient was found in both actual and preferred situation. The findings also reveal that from the students’ view, their teachers have relatively good Leadership and Understanding in the classroom, less Uncertainty, Dissatisfaction and Admonishment toward students. However, the students perceive to some extent unfavorable perceptions on their Freedom and teacher Strictness. Another analysis describes that there are significant differences between actual and ideal perceptions on the whole scale of QTI except on Uncertainty. Furthermore, between male and female perceptions, this study finds that there are significant differences on Helping, and Strictness. Lastly, the multiple correlation analysis explaines that there is a correlation between the scale of QTI and Enjoyment toward science, in which Uncertainty and Admonishment scales are significantly negative affect students’ enjoyment in science classroom.
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Taiwo, Rotimi, Alaba Akinwotu, and Stella Kpolugbo. "Linguistic Impoliteness and Interpersonal Positioning in Nigerian Online Political Forum." Linguistik Online 109, no. 4 (September 3, 2021): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.109.8028.
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Interactional positioning has to do with how people express their attitudes and dispositions to others (stance) and signal how they wish to relate with other participants in the discourse (engagement). These are closely connected with the extent to which impoliteness is expressed in discourse and the resources and strategies employed. This study investigates interactional positioning and impoliteness in two Nigerian political discussion sites, Nairaland Forum and Gistmania. The findings show that bald-on-record and negative impoliteness were predominant in the discussions. The common linguistic expressions of impoliteness were name-calling, vulgarism, cursing, dismissal and sarcasm. Participants also used questions, directives and reader pronouns you and your for face attacks and heightening of the effect of impolite expressions. Self-mentions and attitude markers, especially cognitive verbs, were used to convey feelings and attitudes towards other participants within and outside the discussion. The study concludes that impoliteness thrives in political debates online because of the uninhibited context, which gives freedom to participants to deliberately inject invective language in order to set the emotional temperature in the discussion and cause disaffection among the participants and the group they represent.
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Raballo, A., and J. Krueger. "Phenomenology of the social self in the prodrome of psychosis: From perceived negative attitude of others to heightened interpersonal sensitivity." European Psychiatry 26, no. 8 (November 2011): 532–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.03.003.
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Jansman, R., M. M. E. Riem, S. Broekhuizen-Dijksman, C. Veth, E. Beijer, and A. J. J. M. Vingerhoets. "Attachment and Crying in Patients with Medically Unexplained Somatic Symptoms." SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine 1, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 1065–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42399-019-00180-4.
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AbstractMentalization deficits and disturbances in emotional functioning may contribute to somatization in patients with medically unexplained somatic symptoms (MUSS). The present study aimed to increase understanding the psychological factors that contribute to somatization by examining associations between attachment, crying attitudes and behavior, and somatic symptoms in these patients. Attachment security was measured with the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire in sixty-eight outpatients diagnosed with MUSS. Somatic symptom severity was measured with the RAND-36, crying frequency, and attitudes with the Adult Crying Inventory. Patients were asked to evaluate photographs of crying individuals in order to assess the perception of crying and empathic responses to crying. Attachment anxiety was significantly related to somatic symptom severity and negative attitudes toward crying. In addition, somatic symptom severity was related to a more negative attitude toward crying and less awareness of the interpersonal impact of crying on others. The association between attachment anxiety and somatic symptoms was, however, not mediated by crying or negative attitude toward crying. Neither were there significant associations between attachment, somatic symptoms, and empathic responses to crying. Altered attitudes to crying may stem from a history of insecure attachment experiences and may reflect maladaptive emotion strategies in MUSS patients.
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Kelak, Johny Anak, Whye Lian Cheah, and Razitasham Safii. "Patient’s Decision to Disclose the Use of Traditional and Complementary Medicine to Medical Doctor: A Descriptive Phenomenology Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4735234.
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Nondisclosure of traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) use may cause individual to be at risk of undue harm. This study aimed to explore patient’s experience and views on their decision to disclose the use of T&CM to the doctor. An exploratory qualitative study using in-depth interview involving 10 primary care clinics attendees in Kuching was conducted. The results indicated that disclosure of T&CM use will motivate them to get information, increase doctor’s awareness, and get support from family and friends for disclosure. Fear of negative relationship and negative response from doctors was a barrier for disclosure. Doctor’s interpersonal and communication skills of being involved, treating patients respectfully, listening attentively, respecting privacy, and taking time for the patient were a critical component for disclosure. Intrapersonal trust regarding doctor influences their satisfaction on healthcare. Women are more open and receptive to a health concern and expressing negative emotions and tend to share problems, whereas men always described themselves as healthy, tended to keep their own personal feeling to themselves, and tended to not share. The doctor should consider gender differences in disclosure, their attitude towards T&CM use, and gained patient’s trust in the delivery of healthcare services. Good interpersonal and communication skills must be maintained between doctor and patients.
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Baranauskiene, I., and A. B. Kovalenko. "PSYCHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF OLDER PRESCHOOL-AGE ORPHANS’ INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS." Ukrainian Psychological Journal, no. 2 (14) (2020): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/upj.2020.2(14).1.
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The article presents the research on the characteristics of older preschool-age orphans’ interpersonal relationships. It reveals differences between the functioning of the sphere of orphans’ interpersonal relations and that of children brought up in families. Orphans show higher interest in adults, indicating that orphans’ need in adults’ attention is not satisfied. The main motives for communication with adults in families are mutual interactions and cognitive needs, while the dominant motive of orphan children is searching for attention and kindness. Orphans show increased inclination to conflicts, cause for which are every-day issues and the struggle for adults’ attention and friendliness. The main cause of conflicts characteristic for family-raised children is their selfaffirmation in games. Orphans are less and less likely to express their own emotions when communicating. They rarely turn to their partners for some advice, support, and sharing of experiences, unlike children in families. Orphaned children feel indifference in relationships with peers. Differences were found between orphaned children and family-raised children as for well-being of relationships: orphans’ well-being is quite low, while family-raised children’s well-being is high. Orphaned children, due to problems in interpersonal relationships with adults and peers, have some deviations in the most important psychological formations: distortion of self image, delayed formation of subjective attitude to oneself, as well as slow and abnormal development of activity, which may further negative affect their psychological well-being.
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Li, Feng, Xuesong Lu, and Paul S. F. Yip. "A Study of the Characteristics of Suicide Notes in China." Crisis 41, no. 1 (January 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000601.
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Abstract. Background: Suicide notes in China are rarely studied and seldom available. Aims: This study examines the characteristics of suicide note leavers and analyzes the contents of their suicide notes for the period of 2004–2016 in Pudong, Shanghai, which has more than 5.5 million inhabitants. Method: The characteristics of the note leavers ( n = 458) and those who left no notes ( n = 1949) were compared. Four major groupings of the suicide note content were identified, namely, addressees, mandates/requests, expressions, and difficulties. Results: Only 19.0% of the deceased left suicide notes and they were characterized by having no diagnosed psychiatric illnesses, being in debt, having a high education level, having made no previous suicide attempts, and having used suicide methods that required preparation. Wanting to hide their suicide information was not uncommon for these individuals (9.7%). Adolescents were likely to mention a negative interpersonal relationship with someone (27.4%). Illnesses/pain was frequently mentioned by adults (33.4%) and older people (61.5%). Limitations: Many features of suicide notes, e.g., interpersonal features of suicides, were not examined. Conclusion: Education level might be a key factor influencing the likelihood of leaving suicide notes. Most people who left suicide notes showed a negative attitude toward suicidal behavior. The myth of an afterlife should also be addressed.
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Gupta, Ritu, and Douglas A. Hershey. "Time perspective as an antecedent of trust in a manager and its impact on employee attitudes." Time & Society 28, no. 1 (July 3, 2017): 124–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x17716552.
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A manager’s personality has been demonstrated to have an influence on employees’ level of trust. However, it has yet to be demonstrated whether trust levels are based, in part, on a manager’s time perspective. In this study a between-subjects scenario-based experimental approach was employed, which involved administration of six different scenarios. Each described a hypothetical manager who exhibited one of six time perspectives: past positive, past negative, present hedonistic, present fatalistic, future oriented, and balanced. Participants (N = 630) rated the extent to which the manager could be trusted and what they believed their attitude would be if they were to work for the individual. Findings revealed that managers who exhibited a past positive, future oriented, or balanced time perspective were perceived to be more trustworthy and had higher ratings of trust than supervisors with a past negative or present fatalistic orientation. A path analysis model further demonstrated that employee perceptions of trustworthiness (an antecedent of trust) covary with time perspective, as did employee attitudes (a trust-linked outcome). This research contributes to the development of theory by shedding light on the way interpersonal perceptions shape employee attitudes. From an applied perspective, the findings suggest interpersonal perceptions influence workers’ attitudes toward their manager and their job.
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Bakhtigaraeva, Asiya, and Viktor Bryzgalin. "The Impact of Social Capital and Institutional Trust on Attitudes Towards Innovation." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2018, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201841.
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The article examines the impact of social capital and institutional trust on attitudes towards innovation. On a sample of 6077 respondents representing 10 Russian regions, it was found that social capital and institutional trust positively influence the attitude towards technologies in general. The analysis of a specific technology (automated judicial systems) showed that the relationship can also be reversed: the lower the social capital, the more positively the respondents refer to the introduction of new technology. These results may indicate that in conditions of poor institutional environment and in spheres that require high interpersonal and institutional trust, technologies allowing people to go to depersonalized relationships may be accepted, despite the negative attitude towards technologies in general. The findings allow us to take a fresh look at the prospects of introducing breakthrough technologies depending on the socio-cultural and institutional environment and contribute to the development of research on the impact of socio-cultural factors on the economy.
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Altintig, Arzu, and Sevil Bagirova. "Effect of school and family factor on athletes studying at high school in Sakarya." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, no. 5 (September 30, 2019): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i5.4374.
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Sports have great importance on establishing either good interpersonal or intersocietal relations on acquiring good habits for the adults who will assume responsibility in the future. Making negative contributions or not making any contributions to sports development identify the limits of the success status of the students in the future. The important institutions to provide sport success are family and school. It is identified that the level of education and income and being athletes in the family is effective to do sport and especially the interest of the family effects the attitude of the kid on sport. Also, the lack of sport equipment and facilities suspend students from sport and school exhibiting positive attitude increased the interest of the student. The subjects of this study are 9th, 10th and 11th grade students of Sport High School of Sakarya. The questionnaire used as the data collection in this study consists of 19 questions.
Keywords: Sport, student, family.
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McDonel, Elizabeth C., and Richard M. McFall. "Construct Validity of Two Heterosocial Perception Skill Measures for Assessing Rape Proclivity." Violence and Victims 6, no. 1 (January 1991): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.6.1.17.
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Rape-supportive attitudes and self-reported rape proclivity (using a measure by Malamuth, Haber, & Feshbach, 1980) were negatively correlated with decoding accuracy of women’s negative cues (measured by the TRAC-D; McDonel, McFall, Schlundt, & Levenson, 1985) in an unselected sample of male college students. Better decoders of negative female cues on the TRAC-D, as well as subjects expressing fewer rape-supportive beliefs and less rape proclivity, were more conservative in their estimates of a man’s justification in continuing to make sexual advances in the face of a woman’s negative cues on the Heterosocial Perception Survey (HPS; McDonel, 1986). Ability to decode men’s interpersonal cues was not correlated with responses on the HPS or rape attitude and proclivity measures, suggesting that specific rather than global decoding deficits were useful predictors of rape correlates. These results support the construct validity of the two social perception measures, the TRAC-D, and the HPS, as measures of rape proclivity.
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Jones, Sande Gracia, Eric A. Fenkl, Carol A. (“Pat”) Patsdaughter, and Katherine Chadwell. "Condom Attitudes of Heterosexual Men Ages 50 and Older Using Prescribed Drugs (Viagra, Cialis, Levitra) to Treat Erectile Dysfunction." American Journal of Men's Health 7, no. 6 (April 25, 2013): 504–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988313486172.
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The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes about condoms that may affect condom use by heterosexual men ages 50 and older who were sexually active and currently using prescribed oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor medications (Viagra®, Cialis®, or Levitra®) for treatment of erectile dysfunction. The study was part of a larger study that explored the need for safer-sex health promotion and education for these men. Fifty men completed factor subscales of the Condom Attitude Scale. Subscales were scored and analyzed. Positive factors were found with regard to the Interpersonal Impact, Inhibition, Perceived Risk, Perceived Seriousness, and Global Attitudes subscales. Factors with negative or neutral responses included the Effect on Sexual Experience, Relationship Safety, and Promiscuity subscales. Independent t tests revealed no differences between married and nonmarried men for the mean score on any of the subscales, but there was a difference on the Global Attitude Scale, with younger men having a more positive global attitude than older men. Study findings can be used in the development of health promotion educational activities on condom use as a safer-sex practice.
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Jun, Woochun. "A Study on the Cause Analysis of Cyberbullying in Korean Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (June 28, 2020): 4648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134648.
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With the development of information and communication technology, online communication is becoming more active than offline meetings in daily life. This online communication is accelerating, especially as smartphone distribution and utilization become more prevalent. This communication in cyberspace has the advantage of people being able to communicate anytime, anywhere beyond time and place, while causing a variety of inappropriate consequences. A typical one is cyberbullying, which is a serious problem for adolescents who have active communication online. The purpose of this study is to accurately investigate and analyze the status of cyberbullying among adolescents. To this end, national survey data of the National Information Society Agency (NIA) was analyzed for the past three years. The population size and sample size from 2017 to 2019 were 5.773.998 and 4500 (2017), 5,663,725 and 4662 (2018), 5,502,801 and 4779 (2019), respectively. The statistical analysis shows that the biggest type of cyberbullying among adolescents is verbal abuse, and the biggest means is instant messaging. In addition, the most frequent forms of cyberbullying victims and cyberbullying perpetrators occur between individuals. In addition, the correlation between the interpersonal relationships of adolescents and the cyberbullying experience rate were analyzed, and various cyberbullying factors such as psychological factors were analyzed. As a result, we found that the interaction with parents and friendship reliability have a negative correlation with the cyberbullying experience rate. We expect the results of this study to be of great help to future research and policies of juvenile cyberbullying.
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Jang, Insun, Younglee Kim, and Yeon Kim. "Nursing Students’ Willingness to Care for Older Adults." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i1.3726.
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The older adult population has increased and is projected to grow. This population usually has chronic disorders that need continuous care. However, it has been reported nurses and nursing students have negative attitude towards older adults. This descriptive study aimed at investigating factors influencing nursing students’ willingness to care for older adults. This study was conducted among 270 nursing students at the university in the United States from February 1 to February 28, 2017. Study participants answered the survey about quality and frequency of contact with older adults, anxiety about aging, empathy, attitude, and willingness to care for older adults. Tools in the study included; quality and frequency of contact with older adults; anxiety of aging scale; interpersonal reactivity index; attitude towards older adults; and willingness to care for older adults. The result showed factors influencing nursing students’ willingness to care for older adults; the year (e.g. first, second, and third year) of nursing program, anxiety of aging, and empathy towards older adults. Therefore, this study recommends the nursing program be revised to improve nursing students’ willingness to care for older adults by increasing empathy and quality of contact with older adults and decreasing anxiety about aging throughout the program.
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Kolpina, Lola Vladimirovna, Irina Vladimirovna Boyarinova, Marina Nikolaevna Reutova, and Evgeny Viktorovich Reutov. "Infantilization of the Older Generation as a Factor of their Self-Limiting Attitudes and Practices." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 10 (October 2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2020.10.3.
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The paper raises the problem of the negative impact of patronizing attitude towards older people on their life practices, which is one of the manifestations of ageism. Patronizing behavior that is implemented towards the older generation in the form of simpli-fied language, exaggerated intonations, slow speech, a tendency to make decisions about the life of an elderly person, ignoring his opinion, etc., in turn, can have an infantilizing effect on the elderly person, forcing him to take a subordinate position. The study, based on empirical data, proves that this, in turn, causes self-limiting practices of older peo-ple. Representatives of the older generation who succumb to the influence of the negative social construct of old age transmitted by others, and as a result adopt a subordinate position, have higher risks of minimizing interpersonal, social and creative activity. Their way of life, in comparison with those who oppose the patronizing attitude or evaluate it negatively, is more focused on the “generally ac-cepted”. They are more likely to abandon their goals, plans, due to their own idea that at their age they are “not up to the task”, less often they act contrary to the opinion of others “about the right and wrong at this age”, refusing to defend their position. Accept-ing the patronizing attitude with gratitude, at the same time, they are more likely than those who are annoyed by this attitude to ignore health-saving practices, considering that diseases are an indis-pensable attribute of old age, so it is pointless to fight them. They are more likely to give up pleasures, joys, desired things in favor of younger people, con-sidering themselves unworthy of them. In conclu-sion, the article suggests ways to solve the identi-fied problem.
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Todor, I. "Perceptions and beliefs about mental illness in romania." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72187-3.
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Negative stereotypes and stigmatizing attitudes against mentally ill persons have powerful historical roots in many cultures. The common perspective about these persons, who are unable to defend their rights, is that they are dangerous, violent and unpredictable (Arboreda-Florez & Sartorius, 2008). This paper presents a preliminary investigation regarding the public perceptions and attitudes about schizophrenia using an adapted version of the Opinions about Mental Illness Scale (Cohen & Struening, 1962). The participants were 350 university students and the following five attitudinal dimensions were investigated: authoritarianism (the opinion that people with schizophrenia are not able to respond about their acts and they should be controlled by the society), benevolence (an attitude that could be placed between tolerance and mercy), mental hygiene ideology (the opinion that mental illness is similar with other illnesses and it should be treated adequately by specialists), social restrictiveness (the opinion that mentally ill persons should be restricted in some social domains), and interpersonal aetiology (the belief that the real cause of a mental illness are the problematic interpersonal relations). The implications for the implementation of anti-stigma programs are discussed.
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Shamionov, R. M. "The Role of Individual Values, Authoritarian Attitudes and Social Identity in the General Discriminatory Orientation of the Personal in Russia." Social Psychology and Society 11, no. 2 (2020): 54–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2020110204.
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Objective. Study of the role of individual values, authoritarian attitudes and social identity in the expression of discriminatory orientation of the personal in Russia. Background. Discriminatory attitudes not only hinder social development, but also negatively affect interpersonal and intergroup relationships, creating social and humanitarian problems. Therefore, finding out and explaining the reasons for the formation of a discriminatory attitude and determining how to eliminate them are the most important tasks of modern social psychology. Study design. The paper studied the relationship between the degree of dislike for representatives of various discriminated groups and the areas of discrimination by calculating the Pearson correlation. Predictors of discriminatory attitudes are established using regression analysis (step-by-step method). Structural modeling of the determinants of discriminatory attitudes of the individual by area (sphere) of discrimination and subject (discriminated group) using the SEM method is carried out. Participants. The study involved 217 people (the average age is 28.9±11.2 years, 36% of men). Measurements. We used the developed questionnaire and scales of discriminatory attitudes, the method of assessing values of Sh. Schwartz, a short version of the scales of the method of J. Dukkit. All scales are checked for meaningful validity and reliability. Results. It was found that the discriminatory attitude is most pronounced in the sphere of sports, education and career. Biases and rejection of representatives of different groups in various spheres of life are associated with the high significance of the values of personal and social security, power — resources, traditions (positive); values of interpersonal conformity and independence — thoughts (negative) and reputation as a desire to maintain a public image (ambivalent in different areas). The directions of relations between values, authoritarian attitudes, social identity and discriminatory attitudes are established. Сonclusions. It is shown that civil identity is a factor of institutional discrimination rather than domestic one. Adherence to an ethnic group affects the strength of a domestic discriminatory attitude directly, and institutional attitudes indirectly, through civic identity. As a result of structural equation modeling, a suitable model has been determined that explains up to 24% of variations in the outgroup discriminatory attitude and up to 25% of variations in the manifestation of biases in various spheres of life.
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Loschinin, G. A. "To the issue of etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder and complex PTSD." PERSONALITY IN A CHANGING WORLD: HEALTH, ADAPTATION, DEVELOPMENT 9, no. 2 (33) (June 30, 2021): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23888/humj20212125-132.
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The article provides a theoretical overview and analysis of such a phenomenon as PTSD. The literature data on the study of the issue of posttraumatic stress disorder, in a historical context, from the definition of PTSD as a phenomenon that affected only participants in various military conflicts to a complex multifactorial phenomenon that develops in response to severe stress, is highlighted. In the complex version, it brings trauma and negative experience of interpersonal interaction. The article presents an analysis of the existing problems of diagnosing PTSD, arising from different ideas about the nature of a traumatic event, variations of definitions of this concept by different experts and their attitude to the trauma situation. The article presents the factors, that can lead to the development of PTSD. The prevalence of PTSD is determined by the nature of the traumatic event, its duration and frequency of recurrence. The analysis of studies revealed that the prevalence of PTSD is also influenced by gender, age, socio-cultural attitudes of the individual. In terms of systematic analysis of the scientific literature, studies that indicate that there are differences in the diagnostic criteria between ICD-11 and DSM-5 that affect the diagnostic results were cited. The introduction of such a concept as complex PTSD into modern science can complement the existing theories of the appearance and development of PTSD as a multifactorial disease based on trauma and negative experience of interpersonal interaction.
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K, Thezasvini Jyothi, Karthikeyan A, and Manikandan R. "A study on employees’ attitude towards the organization and job satisfaction of employees in textile industry, tiruppur district, tamilnadu." Journal of Management and Science 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 230–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26524/jms.2018.23.
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The analysis has been focused on the primary data that is by the employees’ opinion survey method. For this a sample size of 223 was taken and the stratified random sampling method has been used to select the samples from the total population. The study reveals the employees opinion about all the human resource functions of textile industries in Tirupur and identifies the three major gaps between human resource practice and the systematic research in the area of employee attitudes in thrust and the most focal employee attitude in ie. satisfaction of job. The impacts of employee attitudes, the outcomes of positive or negative opinion job satisfaction, and how to measure and influence employee attitudes, employment conditions, wages and incentives, interpersonal relationship, working conditions, management practices, etc. Percentage analysis and Chi-Square test is used to reveal that there is relationship between income and experience of the respondents, and there is relationship between age and experience are positively correlated
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Khrisanfova, Lyudmila A. "The contribution of the driving forces in a person to the structure of motives in males and females." Vestnik of Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics 26, no. 3 (November 30, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-3-47-53.
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The work studied the participation of the driving forces in a person, some emotional characteristics and personality qualities in the structure of motives. Hypothesis: the driving forces in a person group certain motives, emotional and personal qualities around them. Grouping is influenced by the gender of the subject. Methods: portrait election method (Lyudmila Sobchik), method of colour metaphors (Igor’ Solomin), Max Lüscher's colour test, Manifest Anxiety Scale of Janet Allison Taylor Spence, “Five-factor personality questionnaireˮ, cluster analysis. Subjects include 203 males and 156 females. It was found that the “need for recognition and approval” is combined into one group with motives of social significance. Males and females have similar motivational formations in this case, but differ in implementation in specific motives. Women have a group of “personal and interpersonal significanceˮ based on “an actualised need for personal loveˮ. There is a combination with demonstrative behaviour, with motives of personal and interpersonal significance, with an energetic attitude towards activity. Personal motives of males “dissolve” in social significance, anxiety in males is also associated with motives of social significance. “Tendency to depressive states, emotional instabilityˮ of females is combined with motives reflecting negative events and stages of life, values and needs for self-affirmation. “Excitabilityˮ with the manifestation of socialised rough affects of females is accompanied by the significance of the power motive and the figure of the father. The “tendency to demonstrative behaviourˮ of males is grouped with the influence of socially significant people, negative events and stages of life, values and needs for self-affirmation.
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Chen, Xuewei, and Hongliang Chen. "Differences in Preventive Behaviors of COVID-19 between Urban and Rural Residents: Lessons Learned from A Cross-Sectional Study in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 4437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124437.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in preventive behaviors of COVID-19 between urban and rural residents, as well as identify the factors that might contribute to such differences. Methods: Our online survey included 1591 participants from 31 provinces of China with 87% urban and 13% rural residents. We performed multiple linear regressions and path analysis to examine the relationship between rural status and behavioral intention, attitude, subjective norms, information appraisal, knowledge, variety of information source use, and preventive behaviors against COVID-19. Findings: Compared with urban residents, rural residents were less likely to perform preventive behaviors, more likely to hold a negative attitude toward the effectiveness of performing preventive behaviors, and more likely to have lower levels of information appraisal skills. We identified information appraisal as a significant factor that might contribute to the rural/urban differences in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 through attitude, subjective norms, and intention. We found no rural/urban differences in behavioral intention, subjective norms, knowledge about preventive behaviors, or the variety of interpersonal/media source use. Conclusions: As the first wave of the pandemic inundated urban areas, the current media coverage about COVID-19 prevention may not fully satisfy the specific needs of rural populations. Thus, rural residents were less likely to engage in a thoughtful process of information appraisal and adopt the appropriate preventive measures. Tailoring health messages to meet rural populations’ unique needs can be an effective strategy to promote preventive health behaviors against COVID-19.
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Chunikhina, Svіtlana. "PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD EDUCATIONAL REFORMS: A STUDY OF THE PROBLEM OF OPEN-MINDEDNESS." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 1 (11) (2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2020.1(11).12.
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The article reviews the problem of contradictory public attitude to educational reforms in connection with the phenomenon of open- mindedness. Based on the review of case studies, two major areas of conceptualization of openness of judgments have been identified. The first direction studies the openness of judgments in the context of interpersonal interaction, as a lack of prejudice against members of groups that are interpreted as "others", willingness to tolerate "otherness" and productively interact with other people in conflict of opinions and positions. In the second direction, openness of judgment is seen primarily as a cognitive attitude to the perception of new ideas, tolerance of diversity of opinion and willingness to think outside the box ("out of box"). A sample of 230 respondents allowed to examine the relationship between cognitive (dogmatism) and personal (openness to new experiences) aspects of openness of judgment with a subjective attitude to educational reforms. Dogmatism is related to the tough judgments about educational reforms. More dogmatic respondents tend to have negative evaluations of reforms, less dogmatic ones are more likely to have no established evaluative judgments. Openness to new experiences determines the modality of assessments of educational reforms: more "open" respondents tend to be more positive about the changes that occur as a result of reforms than less "open" ones, which are characterized by a certain pessimism. It has been found that dogmatism and openness to new experiences manifest themselves in different ways in relation to educational reforms among professionals engaged in the field of education and non-professionally related to the education of respondents.
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Tahirova, А. R., I. V. Sichinava, O. F. Savvateeva, and E. V. Borisova. "Quality of Life of Children with Crohn’s Disease as a Potential Criterion for Monitoring Disease Activity." Doctor.Ru 19, no. 10 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-10-27-32.
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Study Objective: To analyse the activity dynamics of Crohn’s disease (CD) and the quality of life (QoL) of children aged 8–17 years. Study Design: Open prospective non-randomized comparative study. Materials and Methods. The quality of life was assessed in 37 healthy children and 28 children with Crohn's disease (17 boys and 11 girls). Disease activity (Paediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, PCDAI) was determined using PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales questionnaire which comprises assessment of health and activity, child’s attitude, problems with interpersonal relations, and progress at school. Observation spanned over 18 months; tests parameters were assessed at the beginning (first visit), after 6, 12 and 18 months. QoL was assessed by both children and their parents, the indicators were assessed over time and compared with the levels of activity, the duration of the disease, and the presence of extraintestinal manifestations of the disease. Study Results. Children with CD aged 8–17 years demonstrated a decrease in the majority of PedsQL 4.0 parameters. The shifts are observed both when QoL is assessed by children and their parents. The therapy in these patients is accompanied by positive QoL dynamics; these changes occur in parallel with a decrease in the values of the CD activity index, suggesting the possibility of using the QoL parameters to predict the course of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment in this population. PCDAI values in subjects demonstrated moderate statistically significant negative correlations with “Physical activity” (r = –0.412), “Attitude” (r = –0.364), “Psychosocial functioning” (r = –0.306) and “School life” (r = –0.344) and the overall PedsQL 4.0 values (r = –0.406). The duration of the disease has statistically significant negative correlation with “Physical activity” (r = –0.386), “Attitude” (r = –0.423), “Psychosocial functioning” (r = –0.345), and the integral PedsQL 4.0 value (r = –0.397); the presence of extraintestinal manifestations demonstrated moderate negative correlation with “Physical activity” (r = –0.342), “School life” (r = –0.431) and overall value (r = –0.372). Conclusion. Monitoring of the health-related quality of life should become a mandatory component of the examination and management of children with inflammatory bowel diseases, since this category of patients is characterized by a significant decrease relative to the corresponding indicators in healthy peers. Keywords: inflammatory bowel disorder, Crohn’s disease, quality of life, disease activity, extraintestinal manifestations.
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Tarasova, S. Ju, and A. K. Osnitsky. "Physiological and Behavioral Indicators of School Anxiety." Психологическая наука и образование 20, no. 1 (2015): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2015200107.
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We describe the results of a longitudinal study (2007-2012; 2013 to present), in which the regularities of the relationship between psychological and physiological indicators of children’s adaptation to the conditions of schooling are revealed. In particular, it was found that the risk of formation of school anxiety is associated with status of the child in the class position. Physiological marker of experienced anxiety in children in this risk group is cortisol in saliva samples. We revealed sensitivity of sympathoadrenal tone index to the state of anxiety in “inadequately calm” children. These students are consistently isolated in pupils group and exhibit behavioral disorders. We describe the preliminary results of three consecutive measurements of indicators of school anxiety and aggressiveness. The extent is revealed to which the risk of aggressive behavior is associated with hostility as the negative personality attitude. It was found that hostility is positively correlated with the school, self-evaluation and interpersonal anxiety of the children.
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Krecan, Zoya, Evgeny Morozov, and Lolita Semke. "Personality Parameters as Predictors of the Burnout Syndrome Development in School Teachers." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2020, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2020-4-1-12-25.
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The article features the professional burnout syndrome in teachers. Teaching is one of the most stressful social activities. The authors pointed out personal traits that may determine the development of the professional burnout syndrome in school teachers. They identified, justified, and experimentally verified the relationship between burnout and personality parameters. Together with age, work experience, marital and parental status, these personal traits can serve as burnout predictors. The article gives a general description of the emotional burnout phenomenon in teachers, which includes negative psychological experiences caused by the regular high emotional content or cognitive complexity. The paper also introduces factors of development of emotional burnout. The authors identified the burnout predictors based on the results of an empirical study. They determined strong empathy and internality as provoking factors that triggered emotional stress. As a rule, the stress was associated with teacher's attitude to his or her role in interpersonal relationships. The authors proposed some methods for the prevention of burnout syndrome in teachers.
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Lesin, Aleksandr M. "THE VALUE OF YOUNG WOMEN’S APPEARANCE." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Philosophy. Social Studies. Art Studies, no. 1 (2021): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6401-2021-1-231-237.
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The article deals in studying how the value of the external attractiveness of young women influences various aspects of their life in society. The data are given, allowing to describe that value as basic, having the motive-forming and compensatory functions. The results are presented that reveal a high degree of importance of appearance for young women: achieving a higher social status, a luxurious life, a successful career in management and entrepreneurship. The author sees the regularity in the relationship between external attractiveness and agharmonic components of the initiative, egoism and selfishness. He also outlines a negative relation between the significance of the considered value and the attitude to labor and work. When the appearance is attained too much of significance with the young women, they tend to get rid of some generally accepted norms. At the same time, girls associate the value of their attractiveness with well-being in interpersonal relationships and life success.
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Biletskyi, Pavel, Nataliya Zavatska, Yuliia Bokhonkova, Elena Fedorova, and Anatoliy Zhurba. "The problem of personal destruction and professional health care in the modern society." Теоретичні і прикладні проблеми психології, no. 3(50)T1 (2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33216/2219-2654-2019-50-3-1-106-113.
Full textAbstract:
The article shows that under the personal destructions understand the pathological process of destruction of the structure of the individual or its individual elements. Personal destructions include such formations of the human psyche that create barriers in its contacts with others and thus complicate the realization of their own goals. The main types of destructive changes in personality include pathological deformation of personal needs and motives, destructive changes in character and temperament, violations of volitional regulation of behavior, systems of interpersonal relationships, formation of inadequate self-esteem. Among the leading forms of personal destruction are partial and deep personal destruction, as well as temporary (transient), with the subsequent restoration of the functioning of all structural components of the personality, and progressive (irreversible), followed by a personal defect. It is established that personal destructions can be as a result of self-destructive activity of the person, as well as purposeful external influence, or as a result of psycho-traumatic and crisis situations, in particular loss of a person's disability. The negative (crisis) type of personal attitude of the examinees to the situation of temporary disability is defined, which distinguishes the unpreparedness for its adoption, consideration of the existing conditions as crisis with distortion of life plans and prospects, and the adaptive (constructive) type, with adequate assessment of the current situation adoption, formation of an adaptive model of behavior. It is established that the determinants of personal destruction are social and psychological characteristics that cause negative changes in the cognitive, emotional, semantic and communicative spheres of personality. As indicators of the destruction of the cognitive sphere of the personality are rigidity, limited thinking and conservatism; emotional sphere - psycho-emotional exhaustion, emotional instability; the semantic sphere - reduction of personal achievements, insufficient cognitive activity, the communicative sphere - social distance, reduction of interpersonal contacts, seclusion and self-centeredness.
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Ináncsi, Tamás, Attila Pilinszki, Tünde Paál, and András Láng. "Perceptions of close relationship through the Machiavellians´ dark glasses: Negativity, distrust, self-protection against risk and dissatisfaction." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 14, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 806–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i4.1550.
Full textAbstract:
It is commonly known from the literature that Machiavellian individuals have negative attitudes towards people and in general towards the world´s affairs. They are distrustful of the intentions of others, and they get cautiously involved into interpersonal interactions and take risks only if that may not have any severe negative consequence. It is also a fact that there are few ventures in life that potentially involve as much insecurity and personal vulnerability as the establishment and maintenance of close relationships. In our study, we were seeking the answer to the question: do people with high levels of Machiavellianism show a generally negative, distrustful and cautious attitude in their intimate relationships, as well? What effect their pessimistic approaches have on the other consequences of the relationship (satisfaction, commitment, investment, quality of alternatives)? This question was investigated on a dyadic sample of heterosexual couples (N = 101 pairs) with Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). The results of the correlations and actor effects show that men with high levels of Machiavellianism perceive in a negative way not just people in general, but their romantic partners and relationships as well and they experience an increased level of distrust, risk, and dissatisfaction into their close relationships. Women with high levels of Machiavellianism are less negativistic and feel less discontent towards their intimate partner and relationship, but even they are unable to put their distrust and precaution aside. The results of partner effects have revealed that women's Machiavellianism undermines men's trust, while men's Machiavellianism has the effect of minimizing women's investment into their relationship.
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Tarasova, S. Ju, A. K. Osnitsky, and S. N. Enikolopov. "Social-psychological Aspects of Bullying: Interconnection of Aggressiveness and School Anxiety." Psychological-Educational Studies 8, no. 4 (2016): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psyedu.2016080411.
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Bullying is seen as a variant of aggression. Natural interconnections between contents of teenagers’ fears, anxiety and aggression are analyzed. The longitudinal research results are presented, in the framework of which four consecutive measures of anxiety and the following aggressiveness indexes of 70 6th form pupils, and then 7th form ones are compared. It is being clarified, to what extent aggressive behavior risk is related to animosity as a negative notional attitude of an individual. Hostility stably and positively correlates with school, self-esteem, interpersonal and mystical anxiety among teenagers. Social situation of uncertainty, connected to constant transformation of social norms, exerts heavy influence. According to research results, greatly isolated schoolchildren stand out in each class. It is them, who, according to the expert teachers assessment and included to observational results, are victims to aggressors as well as to “onlookers”, who take positions of passive aggressors. Victims are stably overly anxious, possess high level of hostility and are inclined to protective aggression in behavior. Their further transformation into aggressors can be safely assumed. This work was supported by grant RFH № 15-06-00052.
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Rodwell, John, and Andre Gulyas. "Psychological contract breach among allied health professionals." Journal of Health Organization and Management 29, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-05-2013-0107.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – Allied health professionals are vital for effective healthcare yet there are continuing shortages of these employees. Building on work with other healthcare professionals, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of psychological contract (PC) breach and types of organisational justice on variables important to retention among allied health professionals: mental health and organisational commitment. The potential effects of justice on the negative outcomes of breach were examined. Design/methodology/approach – Multiple regressions analysed data from 113 allied health professionals working in a medium-large Australian healthcare organisation. Findings – The main negative impacts on respondents’ mental health and commitment were from high PC breach, low procedural and distributive justice and less respectful treatment from organisational representatives. The interaction between procedural justice and breach illustrates that breach may be forgivable if processes are fair. Surprisingly, a betrayal or “aggravated breach effect” may occur after a breach when interpersonal justice is high. Further, negative affectivity was negatively related to respondents’ mental health (affective outcomes) but not commitment (work-related attitude). Practical implications – Healthcare organisations should ensure the fairness of decisions and avoid breaking promises within their control. If promises cannot reasonably be kept, transparency of processes behind the breach may allow allied health professionals to understand that the organisation did not purposefully fail to fulfil expectations. Originality/value – This study offers insights into how breach and four types of justice interact to influence employee mental health and work attitudes among allied health professionals.
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Petrovska, Inha. "PECULIARITIES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF CIVIC IDENTITY." Journal of Education Culture and Society 10, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20192.43.54.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. The aim of the research is to determine the psychological peculiarities of citizens with various types of civic identity.
Methods. 190 Ukrainian citizens were interviewed about their relations with parents (or guardians) in the childhood , features of family upbringing, priority values of the parents' family, experience of interpersonal relationships with peers, participation in school/student activities, lifestyle, etc. The following psycho-diagnostic techniques were also used: questionnaire "Level and Type of Civic Identity" (Petrovska, 2018); "World Assumptions Scale" (Janoff-Bulman, adapted by Padun & Kotelnikova, 2008); "Portrait Values Questionnaire" (Schwartz, adapted by Semkiv, 2013); "Interpersonal Trust Scale" (Rotter, adapted by Dostovalov, 2000); questionnaire "Level of Social Frustration" (Vasserman, 2004); "Social Activity Scale" (Lewicka, adapted by Cholij, 2010).
Results. The typology of citizens ("devoted", "moderate", "disappointed", "indifferent" and "alienated") was created in accordance with the specificity of the formation of civic identity components (cognitive, value, affective, behavioral). Significance (value)/insignificance, positive/negative attitude towards belonging to the state and community of citizens and forms of activity/inactivity in relation to the state and citizens made up the basis of the classification. Also, psychological peculiarities of citizens with foregoing types of civic identity were determined.
Conclusions. The main factors in the formation of a certain type of civic identity are basic beliefs (in particular, the justice of the world, the ability to control the events of one's life and self-value); civic behavioral patterns of reference persons (including civic attitudes of reference persons); social integration and social acceptance (experience of interpersonal relationships with peers); subjectness activity (defending own position, wide range of interests, initiative, active participation in many events); value-semantic orientations (in particular, universalism, self-regulation, safety, tradition); prosocial focus (focus of activity on socially useful affairs); social trust; the fact of meeting the needs of physical and social existence in the state (level of social frustration); experience of interaction with the state in the form of its various agencies.