Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Needs-rights'
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Matwijkiw, Anja. "Human needs, rights, and corresponding duties." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627234.
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Blanchard, Julian. "Information needs and rights of shareholders /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb6392.pdf.
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Al, rubiyea Ahmad Ibrahim. "Children with special needs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia : their needs and rights." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27864.
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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is in the process of developing and modernising its organisations to meet and cope with the challenges posed by national and international changes. Child and family issues have become an integral part of the Kingdom strategies, vision and policies. There is a lack of comprehensive research that focuses on children with special needs rights and needs in Saudi Arabia and the role of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in meeting and protecting their rights. This research represents the first research in this area. The research aims to examine the rights and needs of children with special needs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Extensive quantitative and qualitative data collected from Saudi Arabia children special needs sector using semi-structured questionnaires, focus groups and in-depth interviews. The collected data analysis with outcome of the literature survey used to discuss the main outcome of the research. A number of conclusions have been drawn from this research. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken several steps towards ensuring children with special needs rights and needs such as the introduction of inclusion of children with special needs with the main stream primary school education. However, the child with special needs in the Kingdom is still in its early stage in the Kingdom. The Saudi parents with children with special needs under stress due to a lack of appropriate policies and guidelines for their children with special needs. The research has identified social barriers as one of the main obstacles for children with special needs rights and needs. The research also provides practical recommendation for prompting children with special needs in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Alderson, Gina A. (Gina Anne) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Rights v. needs; dependency and inequality in divorce policy." Ottawa, 1986.
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Barnard, Benjamin. "Do rights-based moralities cause climate change? : balancing the rights of current persons and the needs of future generations." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21286/.
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This thesis explores the relationship between rights-based moral systems and climate change. It argues that supporters of rights-based moralities must give the realisation of rights priority over non-rights-based moral concerns. It further contends that future persons cannot possess rights that would place current persons under correlative duties towards them before their conception. The thesis then highlights that climate change will need to be combatted through programmes of adaptation and mitigation. Unfortunately, the majority of those protected by such programmes will be future persons. It is therefore argued that rights-based moralities struggle to endorse – and might even actively oppose – the imposition by states of extensive programmes of adaptation and mitigation. Such programmes actively and directly restrict the realisation of the rights of many current persons. Even if this were not the case, supporters of rights are unable to justify the kind of spending that would be needed to finance those aspects of adaptation and mitigation which aim to benefit future persons while the fundamental rights of a great many current persons go unmet due to a lack of funds. As a result, rights-based moralities must justify climate burdens solely through reference to current persons. It is argued that, in the case of Interest- and Choice-based theories of rights, this would encourage an increase in emissions through the implication that pollution was permissible provided adaptation burdens were met. Alternatively, support for a rights-based morality akin to that put forward by Robert Nozick would enable us to implement mitigation, but the system’s disavowal of positive rights would simultaneously cause excessive harm to the wellbeing of many. The inability of rights-based moralities to deal with climate change in an effective and ethical manner leads us to question their legitimacy more generally.
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Hamilton, Arthur. "India and Intellectual Disability: An Intersectional Comparison of Disability Rights Law and Real Needs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40282.
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Given its vast population, India has one of the highest absolute numbers of people with intellectual disability (PwIDs) in the world. Studies have placed the prevalence as high as 3.1% of children aged between 2 to 5 years and 5.2% of children aged between 6 to 9 years. India recently passed the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act), to align itself with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This thesis applied the complementary methods of the review of academic and grey literature, document analysis of the RPwD Act, and in-depth informant interviews to become the first full study on the extent to which the RPwD Act meets the needs of PwIDs. Drawing on the biopsychosocial model of disability and intersectional theory, the findings show that the RPwD Act only partially meets the needs of PwIDs. The RPwD Act does incorporate progressive elements such as affirmative action provisions in the labour market, measures to prevent unethical research on PwIDs, and steps toward inclusive education. However, the Act stipulates a disability certification process that remains mired in the medical model of disability and is mostly inaccessible in rural areas. It also continues the system of legal guardianship dating to the colonial era which deprives many PwIDs of legal capacity and leaves some of them confined to long-term institutions with highly inadequate levels of care. Other problems in the Act include inadequate provisions to provide privacy, reproductive rights and education, and protection from discrimination.
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Tomalty, Jesse. "On subsistence and human rights." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2556.
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The central question I address is whether the inclusion of a right to subsistence among human rights can be justified. The human right to subsistence is conventionally interpreted as a fundamental right to a basic living standard characterized as having access to the material means for subsistence. It is widely thought to entail duties of protection against deprivation and duties of assistance in acquiring access to the material means for subsistence (Shue 1996, Nickel, 2004, Griffin 2008). The inclusion of a right to subsistence among human rights interpreted in this way has been met with considerable resistance, particularly on the part of those who argue that fundamental rights cannot entail positive duties (Cranston 1983, Narveson 2004, O’Neill 1996, 2000, 2005). My purpose in this dissertation is to consider whether a plausible interpretation of the human right to subsistence can succeed in overcoming the most forceful and persistent objections to it. My main thesis is that a minimal interpretation of the human right to subsistence according to which it is a right not to be deprived of access to the means for subsistence provides the strongest interpretation of this right. Although the idea that the human right to subsistence correlates with negative duties is not new, discussion of these duties has been overshadowed in the literature by debate over the positive duties conventionally thought to be entailed by it. I show that the human right to subsistence interpreted as a right not to be deprived of access to the means for subsistence makes an important contribution to reasoning about the normative implications of global poverty.
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Kitsiou, Maria. "Children of a lesser school : An interdisciplinary study on disability in the Greek educational reality." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117416.
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ABSTRACT What is the situation for disabled children in the Greek educational system today, in the aftermath of the deep-seated socio-economic crisis? The present study is going to give an insight in children disability and how this is handled by the Greek educational system. To specify and illustrate the need for a qualitative perspective, it is necessary to take into consideration not only the exact numbers of disabled students and schools existing for them, along with the usefulness and functionality of their facilities, but also different qualitative aspects and intersecting parameters determining the attitude towards those children, such as gender, sexuality, age and bodily ability; all of them contributing to a specific collective mind-set that has arisen from a nexus of economical, educational, European and local structures, and their upheaval. This is such a study, providing a limited, but qualitative picture of the situation from an intersectional Gender Studies perspective onto legislative documents, the experiences of a few current educational practitioners (herein interviewed), and onto the state of the art of existing research on the topic which is mostly quantitative and statistics-based. The over-arching question, guiding this investigation, is how the educational rights and well-fare of children with special educational needs, are practiced, cared for and discussed in the present Greek educational system with regard to intersectional gender concerns of inclusion and/or integration. This study hopes thus to provide an interdisciplinary snap-shot of the educational situation for disabled children in a disabled societal context.
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Mahadew, Roopanand. "Land grabbing in Ethiopia and Madagascar: Balancing respect for human rights of victims with development needs through land investments." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7598.
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Doctor Legum - LLDMany African states are in dire need of economic development to alleviate poverty, enhance the quality of life of peoples and bring development home. To meet this aim, land investments have been the preferred mode of development for a long time on the African continent with particular reference to Ethiopia and Madagascar as selected case studies of this study. Hectares of land are being given away to foreign investors involved in agricultural investments through investments treaties and contracts. The aim is primarily to attract foreign direct investments to boost the economy. Unfortunately, this seems to be a skewed vision of development, focusing exclusively on economic development without any consideration to social, cultural and political development of people, especially local communities. Such a narrow mode of development is not in line with human rights principles and considerations with thousands of people of the two countries having their basic human rights being constantly and irreparably violated by the actions of foreign investors involved in land investments. Their lands are being grabbed and this is entailing a series of other major infringements of civil and political as well as socio-economic rights intrinsically linked to land. Ethiopia and Madagascar are both parties to major legal instruments on human rights at the UN and the African level. They have legal obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights that are being violated on a daily basis by land grabbing. In addition, their domestic legal frameworks are supposed to confer adequate and effective protection to those human rights and protect them from the negative impacts of land grabbing. When such a mode of economic development is resulting in basic human rights violations, it is clear that such development is not aligned with an all-inclusive and encompassing mode of development. To this end, this study adopts Sen’s Capability Approach to development which advocates that development should render people free and capable. Individuals have capabilities which must be enhanced and protected. In the context of land grabbing, land, water, food, culture and political participation have been identified as the human capabilities which require the utmost form of protection and respect. The thesis investigates the ways in which international and domestic legal frameworks on human rights can be used to protect the selected capabilities. While economic development in the form of investments and FDI is necessary in any country, there is a pressing need for such national economic interests to be balanced with human rights of local communities who are the main victims of land grabbing. Accordingly, in terms of the central research question, the study, with references to the two selected jurisdictions, investigates how African states should take appropriate measures and steps to ensure that land investments are compliant with their obligations under international human rights normative framework in a way that renders local communities “capable” in line with Sen’s Capability Approach. In terms of methodology, desk research is used based on reports and data that international research institutions have presented on land grabbing. The common capabilities that are violated in the two jurisdictions are singled out and eventually analysed in line with international human rights framework including the right to development, the right to land, the right to food, the right to water, the right to culture and the right to political participation. The main aim is to examine how a balanced mode of development as proposed by Sen can be achieved using the international framework on human rights, the right to development specifically and the domestic legal framework of the countries. The study concludes that the human rights framework protecting the identified capabilities is not being effectively complied with by the two selected states. In addition, their domestic legislative framework on human rights is not in conformity and harmony with international standards set by treaties and treaties bodies. Accordingly, the study proposes a number of measures that could be taken by states to achieve the balance between national development interests and human rights.
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Gal, Tali, and tali gal@anu edu au. "Victims to Partners: Child Victims and Restorative Justice." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.100521.
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Children belong to one of the most vulnerable population groups to crime. Child victims of crime have to overcome the difficulties emerging from their victimization as well as those resulting from their participation in the adversarial criminal justice process. Child victims are typically treated by legal systems as either mere witnesses -- prosecutorial instruments -- or as objects of protection. Children's human rights and their needs beyond immediate protection are typically ignored.
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This thesis combines an examination of children's human rights (articulated largely in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) with a review of psycho-social literature on children's needs. It integrates the two disciplines thus creating a `needs-rights' model regarding child victims. This model is then used to evaluate the criminal justice process and its successes (and failures) in meeting the needs and rights of child victims. Such an integrated needs-rights evaluation identifies not only the difficulties associated with testifying in court and being interviewed multiple times. It goes beyond these topical issues, and uncovers other shortcomings of the current legal system such as the lack of true participation of child victims in the decision-making process, the neglect of rehabilitative and developmental interests of victimized children, and the inherent inability of the adversarial process to seek proactively the best interests of child victims.
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The thesis further explores an alternative to the criminal justice process -- that
of restorative justice -- and examines its applicability to child victims. Unlike the
criminal justice paradigm, restorative justice fosters the equal participation of the
stakeholders (in particular victims, offenders and their communities), and focuses
on their emotional and social rehabilitation while respecting their human rights. To explore the suitability of restorative justice for child victims, five restorative justice schemes from New Zealand, Australia and Canada and their evaluation studies are reviewed. Each of these schemes has included child victims, and most of them have dealt with either sexual assaults of children or family violence and abuse. Yet each of the evaluated schemes illuminates different concerns and proposes varying strategies for meeting the needs-rights of child victims.
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While these schemes demonstrate the significant potential of restorative justice to better address the full scope of the needs and rights of child victims, they uncover emerging concerns as well. Therefore, in the last part of the thesis, the needs-rights model is used once again to derive subsidiary principles for action, to maximize the benefits of restorative justice for child victims and minimize the related risks. A complex set of needs and rights is managed by a method of grouping them into needs-rights clusters and deriving from them simple heuristics for practitioners to follow. This clustering method of needs-rights-heuristics is a methodological contribution of the research to the psychology of law.
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Van, Winkle Kristina. "Education as a Human Right: Paulo Freire Case in the Point." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2594.
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The purpose of this paper is to understand why education is a human right. I will look at works by the late Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator. Paulo Freire worked for many years on developing a pedagogy to promote humanity. His goal was to demonstrate that a literate person will ultimately live a better life because she will be free from oppression and domination.
I chose to study Paulo Freire as a tool in proving why education is a human right because throughout his work he demonstrated the need for people to be literate in order for them to be considered “truly human”. I will address this term further in my argument.
This thesis is a work in progress. My goal is to include chapters illustrating Amartya Sen’s theory and ideology, and compare them to those of Freire’s. I would also like to include a chapter specifically dedicated to women and education, since it is common practice for women in many countries to sacrifice their right to education so the males in their families can attend school.
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Curtice, Lisa. "Lessons for inclusive citizenship? : difference, disability and rights in the lives of people with learning disabilities who have high support needs." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1902/.
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Policy in Scotland, as in the rest of the U.K, aims to enable people with learning disabilities to access the same opportunities as other citizens. This thesis explores the meanings and experiences of citizenship and inclusion in the lives of people who challenge services the most, whether because of profound impairment, vulnerability or perceived risk to others. Case studies were conducted with 14 individuals with learning disabilities who were assessed as needing at least one-to-one support in their day centre or supported living setting, or who were considered difficult to discharge from long-stay hospital. Through interviews and observations I sought to identify the barriers to and safeguards of inclusion in their daily lives. Perspectives on the issues affecting service provision were obtained through telephone interviews with commissioners in 28 out of 32 local authorities in Scotland, conducted at the time of ‘The same as you?’ review. I argue that the notion of the rights-bearing citizen should be extended to embrace vulnerability, differences in capacity and the need for advocacy in order to develop practices that do not systematically marginalise some people within a new normalcy of active citizenship. I also reflect on my own learning about the conduct of inclusive research from working with study participants with high support needs.
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Milner, Wesley T. "Progress or Decline: International Political Economy and Basic Human Rights." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2180/.
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This dissertation is a cross-national, empirical study of human rights conditions in a dynamic international political economy. The scope of the examination covers 176 developed and developing countries from 1980 through 1993. Through evaluating the numerous theoretical aspects of human rights conceptualization, I draw upon Shue's framework and consider whether there are indeed "basic rights" and which rights should fit into this category. Further, I address the debate between those who claim that these rights are truly universal (applying to all nations and individuals) and those who argue that the validity of a moral right is relative to indigenous cultures. In a similar vein, I empirically investigate whether various human rights are interdependent and indivisible, as some scholars argue, or whether there are inherent trade-offs between various rights provisions. In going beyond the fixation on a single aspect of human rights, I broadly investigate subsistence rights, security rights and political and economic freedom. While these have previously been addressed separately, there are virtually no studies that consider them together and the subsequent linkages between them. Ultimately, a pooled time-series cross-section model is developed that moves beyond the traditional concentration on security rights (also know as integrity of the person rights) and focuses on the more controversial subsistence rights (also known as basic human needs). By addressing both subsistence and security rights, I consider whether certain aspects of the changing international political economy affect these two groups of rights in different ways. A further delineation is made between OECD and non-OECD countries. The primary international focus is on the effects of global integration and the end of the Cold War. Domestic explanations that are connected with globalization include economic freedom, income inequality and democratization. These variables are subjected to bivariate and multivariate hypothesis testing including bivariate correlations, analysis of variance, and multiple OLS regression with robust standard errors.
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Adewumi, Toyin Mary. "The implementation of inclusion policy for learners with special education needs in primary schools in Fort beafort district :Towards a rights based approach to education." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5873.
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The implementation of inclusion policy for learners with special education needs as stipulated in the Education White Paper 2001has been an issue of concern for South African schools. This study sheds light on the implementation of inclusion policy for learners with special education needs in the selected primary schools in the Fort Beaufort District in the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. The aim of the study is to examine the implementation of inclusion policy for learners with special education needs. The study was placed within the post-positivism paradigm and used a mixed method research approach that integrated concurrent procedures in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data while qualitative data were collected through interviews, and document analysis. A total number of 30 teachers completed the questionnaires. The researcher conducted interviews with ten principals and eight teachers. She also held interviews with four education district officials and one provincial official. Data were analysed by statistical and non-statistical procedures. The study revealed that the inclusion policy is being implemented in the selected schools. However, there are challenges that are being encountered. Firstly, some teachers have not received adequate training with regards to inclusive education policy. Staff development workshops put in place to address this challenge are minimal, and there is not enough joint effort being established by the different stakeholders with regards to support and monitoring the implementation process. Despite the challenges that accompany implementation of inclusion of learners with special education needs, as well as the difficult working conditions, this study reveals that there are pockets of good practice of inclusion policy in some of the selected schools in the Fort Beaufort District. For instance, it was found that teachers implement inclusion of learners with special education needs, even though the majority of them do not have qualifications in special education. It was also revealed that teachers used learner-centred teaching methods to accommodate all learners, which include group and individual teaching, group demonstration, discussions, question-and-answer sessions, and practical activities.
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Баранова, А. В. "Права людини у структурі правової культури особистості." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60400.
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В період становлення України як правової держави питання прав
людини та їх порушення стає однією з важливих соціальних проблем.
Конституція України закріплює пріоритет прав людини, тобто в Україні
визнаються та гарантуються права і свободи людини та громадянина у
відповідності до загальновизнаних принципів та норм міжнародного права.
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Mochwanaesi, Moagiemang Desmond. "Educational provision for the Griquas in South Africa / Moagiemang Desmond Mochwanaesi." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9564.
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The purpose of this study was to plan the provision of education for the Griquas in South
Africa within the context of the educational rights of minority groups. Its main focus was on
how to make the education system in South Africa more responsive to the histories, heritages,
life experiences and cultural conditioning of the Griquas as a minority group in all its policymaking,
programme planning and instructional practices.
International trends have shown that the rights of minority groups have been described in different
treaties and conventions of international organisations such as the United Nations
(UN), the European Community (EC) and the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural
Organisation (UNESCO). These rights focused on two main issues, namely the right to
own identity and the right not to be discriminated against.
In order to implement the above acknowledged rights (which include the educational rights)
of minority groups, several countries have implemented specific measures in their respective
education systems, thereby serving the particular religious and/or cultural needs of minority
groups in their countries. In nation-states across the world a situation has developed that,
while the world is experiencing globalisation of, for example, trade and communication, the
area of control and power is being questioned by groups on a regional level. It is primarily
minority groups, defined by their ethnic or cultural distinctiveness, in the relevant nation states,
that are seeking to obtain more direct control over their own affairs. Experience has
furthermore shown that national unity is not endangered by the recognition of the rights of
minority groups but is promoted if the rights of minorities are recognised in a country.
In the educational arena it has become clear that the focus of education should be to equip
each learner with the required knowledge, skills and attitudes to effectively fulfil his/her different
roles in life. With regard to the issue of the relationship between the minority group and
the educational institution, the trend has been to focus on specific educational institutions in
order to provide in the minority groups' educational needs. The characteristics and culture of
a particular educational institution should be acceptable to the minority group to ensure that
the particular minority group takes ownership of it.
In the light of the above information the educational needs of the Griquas, as a case study,
were determined by using the focus group discussion as a technique according to the qualitative
research method. The results ofthe focus groups were then compared with the findings of
the literature study. In order to make the necessary adjustments, the method of strategic educational
planning was used in order to provide in the educational needs of the Griquas. The
following trends emerged, amongst others: universal primary education, a diversified high
school curriculum with emphasis on science, technology and agriculture, local control of
education by the Griquas and special arrangements and/or alternatives for schooling.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001
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Adewoye, Oluwatomilola M. "Socio-economic rights litigation as a means to engendering social change in South Africa: an introduction and context." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/18618.
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Millions of people in the world and especially in Africa are yet to be delivered from the scourge of poverty. „Over three billion people in the world live on less than $2.50 per day and more than 80% of the world‟s population are living in countries where income differentials are widening. About 1.1 billion people in developing countries lack access to clean water, one out of every three urban dwellers in the cities of developing countries are living in slum conditions and about 790 million people in the world are chronically undernourished‟. These statistics reveal the extent to which millions of people cannot access the very basic services needed for survival due to poverty.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
nf2012
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Håkansson, Marianne, and Mia Palmberg. ""För att komma runt det kruxet" : En kvalitativ undersökning om arbetet med Barnkonventionen och barn i behov av särskilt stöd i två kommuner." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-31489.
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The purpose of the study is to examine the ways in which the Children’s rights convention is used to develop early childhood education for children with special needs. We want to examine how preschool teachers and municipalities relate to the Children’s rights convention when decisionmaking concerning children with special needs, and the resources that will be relevant for these children. In order to answer our questions, we conducted interviews with preschool teachers and officials in two municipalities in Sweden. This in order to identify any differences between theory and practice; does this correspond with what is said in the Children’s rights convention, the Education Act, various policy documents that are in and around the preschool or is there a need to develop this work further, so that the guidelines are followed to a greater extent? We have used a qualitative method with phenomenological and phenomenographic basis. We describe the ecological systems theory of child development, individual, and relational perspective, which we use to analyze our collected material. We also shed light on previous research in the Children’s rights convention and children's right to education, the incorporation of the Children’s rights convention, special education and resources, children's perspective and inclusion and exclusion. We have concluded that the need for an education initiative for the Convention should be used to strengthen children's rights, but also the need for a more active work to actualize what is said in the Children’s rights convention.
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Janke, Christine. "The Right to Food and Negative Duties: The urgency of an alternative approach toward hunger amidst an overbearing institutional order." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21494.
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Hunger currently plagues over one billion people around the world, leaving mainly women, children and rural communities in post-colonial developing countries unable to obtain their most basic need for nutrition. The fundamental human right to food is found to be a complex human right involving a combination of both positive and negative duties by states and international institutions in order for its guarantee. Hunger is not only remediable but is highly preventable. Main causal factors of hunger are outlined, with a focus on Thomas Pogge’s claim that coercive international institutions are largely responsible for world poverty. In this way, global institutions are responsible not to cause harm in their economic policies and unfair trade rules in order for individuals to obtain economic access to food and thus remedy their hunger.
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Pires, Lígia Pereira Moreira Conde. "Acessibilidades para crianças com Paralisia Cerebral brincarem em Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/934.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação Especial – Especialização em problemas cognitivo-motores.O ato de brincar é um factor indispensável ao desenvolvimento do Ser Humano, assim como as acessibilidades. A necessidade de perceber se o nosso país, Portugal, consegue dar resposta aos interesses e necessidades de crianças com problemas cognitivos-motores ao nível dos parques infantis/recreio, levou-nos a questionar se - Os parques infantis em Portugal estarão arquitetonicamente adaptados a crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais, nomeadamente a crianças com Paralisia Cerebral? Este estudo assenta, num quadro teórico e observacional que se centra na importância de criar igualdade de acessibilidades para que todas as crianças sejam elas “normais” ou portadoras de algum condicionante físico, possam brincar nos mesmos espaços de lazer. Para alcançarmos os objetivos, conseguirmos as informações e dados necessários, foi utilizado um inquérito por questionário, que foi aplicado a três escolas/jardins-de-infância do distrito do Porto. Com o presente projeto pretendeu-se contribuir para a reflexão sobre a importância de criar espaços para todos e saber como podem ajudar no desenvolvimento da criança, a todos os seus níveis.
The act of playing is an essential indeed to the development of the human being, as well as accessibility. The need to understand if our country, Portugal, can respond to the interests and needs of children with cognitive-motor level of playgrounds/recreational, led us to question if - Playgrounds in Portugal are architecturally adapted for children with Special Educational Needs , including children with cerebral palsy? This study relies on observational and theoretical framework that focuses on the importance of creating equal accessibility to all children whether they are “normal" or suffering from some physical condition, can play in the same leisure spaces. To achieve the goals, we get the necessary information and data, we used a questionnaire that was applied to three schools/gardens-care district of Porto. With this project was intended to contribute to the reflection on the importance of creating spaces for everyone and know how they can help children's development at all levels.
Orientação: Prof.ª Doutora Maria Celeste da Silva Leal de Sousa Lopes.
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Cooper, Sara. ""If I could properly understand and get the right information...": The sexual and reproductive health needs and rights of women newly diagnosed with HIV: A qualitative study in the Western Cape Province South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11894.
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Includes bibliographical reference (leaves 64-74).Women of reproductive age in South Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV, and represent the fastest growing group diagnosed with the virus. Despite this epidemiological picture, very little attention has been placed on the sexual and reproductive health needs of these women, particularly in South Africa, and other developing countries. This study, a sub-study of a much bigger study, explored the sexual and reproductive health needs of women newly diagnosed with HIV, and how these translate into their human rights. In-depth interviews, within qualitative methodologies, were conducted and analyzed with fourteen women from Gugulethu, Cape Town, who screened HIV-positive during enrolment or who seroconverted during the course of the larger microbicide, Carraguard study carried out by the Population Council and University of Cape Town. This study is novel in its exploration of these issues amongst women who are newly diagnosed and who were recruited outside of a health-care setting.
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Bravo, Aline Droppé. "As necessidades informacionais dos bacharéis em Direito na defesa das pessoas com necessidades especiais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3005.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-19Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Treating the rights related to persons with special needs (PSN) is a matter not only to professionals in the area of Law, but to society as a whole. Knowledge of legislation with the resulting disclosure of such information, will bring benefits not only to their own people with such needs and their families, but also contribute to the improvement of professionals with whom they are related. In the survey, the main objective was to identify the informational needs of lawyers into law on the rights of persons with special needs (PSN). The survey characterized as being kind of exploratory and descriptive and analysis of the curriculum of the Law courses offered in the State of São Paulo. The methodological procedures involved the following steps: a) review of literature related to matters under consideration, that is, rights of PSN, Special Education and Information Science, for reasons of theoretical research; b) review of literature about the legislation targeted specifically at PSN considering it is the law of Brazil; c) analysis of the curriculum of the Law courses offered in the State of São Paulo to verity the existence of specific material regarding the rights of persons with special needs; d) organization and systematization of data, with a view to examining which will be done will be done in the light of theoretical reference; e)elaborate a proposal of specific material regarding the rights of persons with special needs to Law courses. At the end of the survey aims to: contribute to guaranteeing the rights of persons with special needs; promote integration between the areas of Information Science, Law and Special Education, seeking the production of knowledge qualified to help the lawyers a right to act in defense of the rights of persons with special needs.
Tratar dos direitos relacionados às pessoas com necessidades especiais (PNEs) é uma questão que compete não apenas aos profissionais da área do direito, mas à sociedade como um todo. O conhecimento da legislação e a conseqüente divulgação dessas informações trarão benefícios não apenas às próprias pessoas com tais necessidades e seus familiares, mas também contribuirão para o aprimoramento dos profissionais com os quais se relacionam. Na pesquisa realizada, o objetivo principal foi identificar as necessidades informacionais dos bacharéis em Direito quanto aos direitos das pessoas com necessidades especiais (PNEs) tendo como foco de análise a legislação e as grades curriculares dos cursos de direito no Estado de São Paulo. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como sendo do tipo exploratório e descritivo e os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram os seguintes passos: a) revisão de literatura relacionada à matéria em estudo, qual seja, direitos das PNEs e Educação Especial para fundamentação teórica da pesquisa; b) levantamento da legislação direcionada especificamente às PNEs, considerando-se a legislação do Brasil; c) análise das grades curriculares dos cursos de Direito oferecidos no Estado de São Paulo para verificação da existência de matéria específica direcionada aos direitos das PNEs; d) organização e sistematização dos dados obtidos, com vistas à análise realizada à luz do referencial teórico; e) elaboração de uma proposta de disciplina sobre o tema direcionada ao curso de Direito. Os resultados obtidos permitem oferecer contribuições para a garantia dos direitos das pessoas com necessidades especiais; promover a integração entre as áreas de Ciências Jurídicas e Educação Especial e Ciência da Informação, visando à produção de conhecimento qualificado para auxiliar os bacharéis em direito a atuarem na defesa dos direitos das pessoas com necessidades especiais.
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Memik, Hayal N. "An Evaluation Of The Changing Approaches To Children'." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604764/index.pdf.
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In the nineteenth century, specialization and segregation of land uses necessitated to identify formal spaces for child&rsquos play activity in the cities. In the late nineteenth century, &lsquo
&lsquo
traditional playgrounds&rsquo
&rsquo
were provided for children. However, formally designed, spatially segregated play space brought its own problems itself. Rapid changes in the urban pattern and dominance of cars in the urban environment restricted the safe accessibility of children to such play spaces by themselves. Also, &lsquo
&lsquo
traditional playground&rsquo
&rsquo
has been criticized because of its inefficiency to answer the needs of children and to contribute to the continuity of play activity. Due to the inefficiency of &lsquo
&lsquo
traditional playgrounds&rsquo
&rsquo
for the continuity of &lsquo
&lsquo
play&rsquo
&rsquo
, children prefer to establish their own informal play spaces, as it was before the introduction of formal ones. However, parental concerns regarding child&rsquo
s safety in the urban environment restrict the use of outdoor play spaces, especially the residential street which is the oldest traditional informal play space. For these reasons, children&rsquo
s play habits changed and children today are becoming more dependent to indoors. If child&rsquo
s developmental needs are considered, the contribution of outdoor environment to the development of children should be reevaluated by making comparison between formal and informal play spaces. Regarding children&rsquo
s needs and the contribution of outdoor environment to their development, some approaches have been developing and changing to design better play spaces. Thus, this thesis tries to clarify that what kind of approach would be efficient in order to provide permanent answers for the needs and rights of children and for the continuity of &lsquo
&lsquo
play&rsquo
&rsquo
in today&rsquo
s urban pattern.
24
Asp, Anna. "Missbrukares rätt till ekonomiskt bistånd : En rättssociologisk studie." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78652.
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The purpose of this study was to examine how the needs of social assistance for people with substance abuse are assessed in accordance to The Swedish Social Services Act 4th chapter 1§. The purpose was also to examine how substance abuse is assessed as a social problem by social workers, how the municipal guidelines concerning social assistance for substance abuser were constructed in relation to the Social Service Act and finally how social workers made their assessments of the need of social assistance to people with substance abuse in relation to the legislation. The sample was made among the municipalities in the county of Stockholm. Municipal guidelines were studied in 18 municipalities by content analysis. A sample of 11 social workers was chosen from 5 municipalities. A vignette study was used as method. The results have been analyzed by using a sociology of law approach, based on the theory of the law as mainly a ruling function. The results of the study show that both the construction of municipal guidelines and social workers’ assessment of the need of social assistance to people with substance abuse were based on restrictions with no connection in The Social Service Act. Social workers who did work in a municipal, where there were no special guidelines regarding social assistance to individuals with substance abuse, more frequently made their assessments according to the law. The result was the opposite for social workers working in municipals with special guidelines regarding social assistance to individuals with substance abuse. The results also indicated that social workers, as well as municipal politicians, showed little knowledge and ability to align the social work to current legislation and legal practice.
25
Aguiar, Claudia de Azevedo. "\"Por um fio\": memórias e representações de mulheres que vivenciaram o near-miss materno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6136/tde-19092016-132358/.
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Estima-se que aproximadamente 40 por cento das mulheres experimentam alguma forma de morbidade durante a gestação, parto ou puerpério. Algumas delas aproximam-se da morte - evento conhecido como near-miss materno. Vivenciar tal condição significa compartilhar fatores patológicos e circunstanciais diversos com mulheres que morrem por causas obstétricas. Assim, o relato da experiência de near-miss materno pode ajudar na compreensão dos eventos obstétricos graves, tal como a morte materna, evitável em quase 100 por cento dos casos. A experiência das pessoas é autêntica e representativa do todo por meio da construção de uma identidade comum. Esta identidade confere qualidade à memória de um grupo. Portanto, cada memória é um fenômeno social. Com isto, foram analisadas as experiências de doze mulheres que quase morreram em função do estado gravídico-puerperal, após seleção pela Internet e entrevistas presenciais. O método qualitativo utilizado foi o da História Oral de vida e o referencial teórico de análise baseou-se nos conceitos de Necessidades de Saúde e dos Direitos Humanos. Oito memórias coletivas compuseram os discursos: necessidades de saúde não atendidas; deficiências na assistência recebida; a assistência contribuindo com o quadro de near-miss; outras explicações para a vivência do near-miss; privação do contato com o filho; violação de direitos; ausência de reivindicação dos direitos; e caminhos percorridos para atenuar o sentimento de direitos e necessidades não atendidos. Em algumas memórias, a morbidade grave não permitiu que as necessidades de saúde das mães fossem atendidas. Noutras, o agravamento à saúde teria decorrido do não atendimento às suas necessidades. Em Saúde Materna, uma via comum de violação dos direitos humanos é transitada pelas práticas assistenciais. O uso de intervenções dolorosas, potencialmente arriscadas e sem uma indicação clínica justificável compuseram a maior parte das histórias narradas para esse estudo. Como consequência, mães e bebês tiveram sua condição de pessoa desrespeitada, bem como sua integridade física e emocional ameaçada. Compreender as necessidades de saúde dessas mulheres é reconhecê-las como sujeitos de direitos; é individualizar a assistência, respeitando sua autonomia, garantindo o pronto acesso às tecnologias, estabelecendo vínculo (a)efetivo com a equipe de saúde e preservando suas vidas.It is estimated that approximately 40 per cent of women experience some form of morbidity during pregnancy, childbirth or the postpartum period. Some of these have even approached death - an event known as a maternal near-miss. To experience such a condition means sharing the pathological and environmental factors of women who died from obstetric causes. Thus, the accounting of maternal near-miss experiences can help in the understanding of severe obstetric events, such as maternal, preventable death in almost 100 per cent of cases. The experiences of the people involved are authentic and representative of all through the construction of a common identity. This identity confers quality to the memory of a group. Therefore, each memory is a social phenomenon. With this, the experiences of twelve women, who almost died due to pregnancy and childbirth problems, were analyzed after selection via Internet and in-person interviews. The qualitative method used was the oral life history and the theoretical analysis was based on the concepts of Health Needs and Human Rights. Eight collective memories composed of speeches: unmet health needs; deficiencies in care received; assistance contributing to the occurrence of the near-miss; other explanations for the experience of near-miss; deprivation of contact with the child; violation of rights; absence of rights of claim; and other paths taken to alleviate the sense of rights and needs not met. In some memories, severe morbidity prevented the health needs of mothers to be met. In some others, worsening health had elapsed due to not meeting their needs. In Maternal Health, a common way of human rights violation is transited through the care practices. The use of painful interventions, potentially risky and without a justifiable clinical indication composed most of the narrated stories of this study. As a result, mothers and babies had their personal condition disrespected as well as their physical and emotional integrity threatened. To understand the health needs of these women is to recognize them as subjects with rights; with individualized care, respecting their autonomy, ensuring ready access to technologies, establishing links (a)effective with the health team and preserving their lives.
26
Juenke, Eric. "Beyond GNP: Economic Freedom as a Determinant of Basic Human Needs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3334/.
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Research concerning ‘basic needs' in the Human Rights literature has consistently found a positive and significant relationship between measures of wealth and basic needs provision. This study utilizes a relatively new measure of economic freedom to test hypotheses regarding general macro-economic policy decisions and basic needs outcomes. A pooled dataset of 138 countries over four years is examined using OLS panel regression controlling for both' year' and ‘country,' in a standard basic needs model. Consistent and systematic differences between economic freedom effects in OECD nations and non-OECD nations are revealed. The Economic Freedom Index has both theoretical and empirical advantages over previous measures of wealth and economic freedom, allowing human rights scholars to test specific economic policy decisions as they affect basic needs outcomes.
27
Brown, Christine. "Quality Education in Idaho: A Case Study of Academic Achievement in Three High-Poverty Rural Schools." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6396.
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The focus of this research is bridging the achievement gap for students living in poverty through quality education. Such a study is important because the percentage of students affected by poverty is increasing and the persistent gap in achievement evidences that the right to quality education for students in poverty is not being met. This is mixed-methods study of three high-poverty elementary schools in Idaho. Both quantitative (achievement test scores) and qualitative data (interviews of seventeen teachers and principals) are compared and contrasted. The findings provide evidence that quality education for students in poverty requires relatable curriculum, teachers who are knowledgeable and caring, and a school environment where social-emotional needs are addressed. Quality teachers deliver instruction and provide interventions for student based on individual needs. Loving, caring, and consistent teachers and administrators are a determining factor for success by providing a safe and stable environment for students and staff. Other findings show families have great influence on children and their ability to succeed. Participants felt that supporting families will, in turn, support student achievement. This dissertation recommends the following: (a) a stronger emphasis on teacher quality including competency in content, pedagogy, and dispositions of a caring, quality teacher; (b) a focus on social-emotional needs of student in poverty; (c) the establishment of consistent staff and leadership in schools with high rates of poverty, and (d) a concentration towards building relationships between school staff and families in order to support families in poverty as they strive for their children's academic achievement.
28
Persson, Evelina, and Anne-Lene Dystland. "Föräldraskapet : En kritisk diskursanalys av föräldraskapetskonstruktion i statliga dokument om förebyggande arbete, och i media." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-80194.
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The purpose of this study was to create an understanding of regulatory conceptions of parenthood and how these are articulated and legitimized in government documents and the media, and how this contributes to construct parenting. The empirical material consisted of the government's national strategies for parenting services (2018), two articles from Dagens Nyheter and one article from Arbetsvärlden. The data was analyzed with qualitative content analysis for two of the levels in Fairclough's critical discourse analysis: textual and social practice. The result shows two discourses in the state document that describe parenthood, the “equality discourse” as well as “the child's needs and right to a good parenting - discourse”. The use of language in the material attributes importance to parenting. This has consequences in social practice when the desired parenting behavior requires sufficient parental ability, a good relationship to both children and partners, as well as equal parenting. This constructs a framework for what is seen as deviant parental behaviors. The understanding of parenthood created through discourses in the state document is largely in line with how the discourses are portrayed in media. Equal parenting is seen as a future normality, while there are discursive disagreements about the problem of achieving this between the two social domains. Awareness of the role of meaning created by linguistics on social practice (as a social worker, other actor, and parent), provides greater choice and opportunity for resistance to counter the constructs of parenthood.
29
Hickey, Susan Jane. "The Unmet Legal, Social and Cultural Needs of Māori with Disabilities." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2571.
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There is little work done in the area of indigenous disability identity issues and how they are recognised in domestic and international human rights laws. The discourse of disability has always been based on social constructionism and without it, there is no identity. I discuss its relevance to indigenous (Māori) with disabilities and how the multiplicitous nature of the identity of other has a particular impact when indigenous, gender and disability are all identified from marginalised groups. I also explore the impact of westernised thinking around impairment, in particular the models of disabilities on indigenous well-being. The issues of family (whānau), whakawhanaungatanga (family relationships), interdependence (community) and collectivity identities central to indigenous thinking are largely ignored by law and policy, yet central to indigenous identity. This ignorance in policy has led to the disparities that continue to remain for indigenous persons with disabilities, particularly those from within thematic identity groups.
30
Trangärd, Lisa. "Miljöns betydelse för barn i behov av särskilt stöd. : En studie om pedagogers syn på miljön i förskolan." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68329.
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Syfte med detta arbete är att få en ökad kunskap om hur pedagoger planerar sin lärmiljö så att den är anpassad för barn i behov av särskilt stöd. Jag vill också med arbetet få en bild av hur mycket miljön överhuvudtaget påverkar ett barns lärande i förskolan. Syftet har besvarats genom intervjuer med fyra pedagoger på två olika förskolor. Resultat visar att pedagogerna har ett noggrant tänk bakom miljön som byggs upp inför varje nytt läsår på förskolan. Är det en avdelning som har barn som är i behov av särskilt stöd ska detta självklart tas på allvar. De förskolor som jag har varit på använder sig bland annat av bilder som stöd för att se till att alla barn kan på något sätt bli förstådda genom att använda sig av bilder i kommunikation med andra. Pedagogerna trycker på att man alltid ska se till det enskilda barnets behov för att skapa det bästa för just det barnet. När man jobbat en stund så man skapat det bästa för de enskilda barnen kan man sedan jobba med barngruppen i helhet för att skapa den bästa miljön för just denna barngrupp.The purpose of this work is to gain more knowledge about how educators plan their environment to be adapted for children with special needs. I also want to get a picture of how much the environment affects a child's learning. This purpose is answered through interviews with a total of four teachers at two different preschools. Through these interviews have I come up with a result where the educators have a great idea of the environment that is being built for every new year at the preschool with every new group of children. If it is a department that has children with special needs, this should of course be taken seriously. The preschools I have been at are, among other things, using pictures to ensure that all children can be understood in some way. All four educators I have been talking to are taking this very seriously and they all said that they have to look to every single child needs to create the best environment for the whole group.
31
Roos, Bonnie. "Balancing Agricultural and Urban Water Needs in Transitioning Arid Landscapes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5017.
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In the arid western United States (U.S.), population expansion is dependent on water supply. With the majority of the water being consumed in agriculture, municipalities often obtain water supply needed for growth from agriculture. Water supply reallocation generally occurs through agricultural-to-urban water right transfers. This trend in agricultural-to-urban water transfers drives the question of how to strike a balance between agricultural and urban water needs in rapidly growing arid regions. In the Intermountain West region of the United States, Utah is a state with a rapidly growing population and limited water supply. This study occurred between 2015 and 2016, using a multi-method approach to understand agricultural-to-urban water transfers in Utah. Inperson interviews, participant observation, and secondary data collection methods focused on existing challenges and opportunities for striking a balance between these water interests. Data revealed that water transfers out of agriculture and into municipalities are more significant to areas of Utah experiencing rapid population growth. Policy challenges arise as water is seen as a monetary asset, incentivizing the reintroduction of old water rights into an established water priority system. Further challenges occur as municipal uses are given preference in state development strategies over agricultural uses. This preference can incentivize both the selling of water to municipalities and the gathering of large municipal water right portfolios. Balancing growth and water interests in transitioning landscapes is suggested through the use of agreements, as well as regional planning and collaboration. This transition, if not properly planned and accounted for in the water budget, can create dilemmas with water availability, delivery, and use as separate water providers prepare for growth within their own geographic boundaries. The Mt. Nebo Water Agency provides the opportunity for stakeholder involvement and boundary-spanning to occur between regional municipal and agricultural interests. Stakeholder involvement and boundary-spanning solutions are considered crucial factors for regional planning, particularly with resources like water that traverse political boundaries.
32
Goodwin-Kucinsky, Molly. "Filling the Gaps: How Women’s Groups Meet Changing Needs in Post-Soviet Russia." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243868760.
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33
Žemaitaitienė, Aušra. "Specialiųjų poreikių turinčių mokinių teisinio ugdymo mokykloje ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130625_195339-17532.
Full textAbstract:
Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuoti ir įvertinti specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių mokinių ugdymo bendrojo ugdymo mokyklose pagrindiniai aspektai, jų teises ir pareigas reglamentuojantys dokumentai, atskleista teisinio ugdymo svarba specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių mokiniams, išsiaiškintos teisinio ugdymo galimybės specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turintiems mokiniams bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje. Pirmoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu nagrinėjama specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių samprata, minėtų mokinių ugdymas inkliuzijos sąlygomis bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje, jų teises ir pareigas reglamentuojantys dokumentai, bei teisinis ugdymas bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje. Antroje darbo dalyje praktiškai nagrinėjama esama specialiųjų ugdymosi poreikių turinčių mokinių teisinio ugdymo situacija bendrojo ugdymo mokykloje, analizuojami tyrimo rezultatai, pateikiamos išvados.This Master's Thesis is to analyse and evaluate the main aspects of education of students with special educational needs (SEN) in the schools of General Education, the regulations of their rights and duties, to reveal the importance of legal education for SEN students, to explain the possibilities of legal education for SEN students in the schools of General Education. The first part examines the theoretical aspects of the concept of special education needs, the education of SEN students under the conditions of inclusion, the regulations of their rights and duties as well as legal educating in the schools of General Education. The second part practically examines the current situation of legal education of SEN students in the schools of General Education, analyses the results and presents the conclusions.
34
Юшкевич, Олена Геннадіївна, Olena Iushkevich, and http://orcid org/0000-0003-0024-6070 ORCID. "Женевська Декларація прав дитини 1924 року." Thesis, Приватно-правові та публічно-правові відносини: проблеми теорії та практики: матеріали Міжнародної конференції (в авторській редакції) (м. Маріуполь, 24 вересня 2021 року). Маріуполь, ДонДУВС. 2021. 295 с, 2021. http://dspace.univd.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/11117.
Full textAbstract:
Женевська Декларація прав дитини 1924 року. Приватно-правові та публічно-правові відносини: проблеми теорії та практики: матеріали Міжнародної конференції (в авторській редакції) (м. Маріуполь, 24 вересня 2021 року). – Маріуполь, ДонДУВС. – 2021. – С. 71-73.Здійснено загальний огляд положень Женевської декларації прав дитини 1924 року. Проаналізовано особливості Женевської декларації прав дитини 1924 року. Зокрема, у тексті Декларації використовується термін «потреби»; основні потреби дітей узагальнені у п’яти пунктах-принципах; всі перераховані потреби спрямовані на забезпечення добробуту, створення умов, що забезпечують нормальний фізичний і психічний розвиток дитини. A general review of the provisions of the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child of 1924 was carried out. The peculiarities of the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child of 1924 are analyzed. In particular, the text of the Declaration uses the term "needs"; the basic needs of children are summarized in five points-principles; all these needs are aimed at ensuring the well-being, creating conditions that ensure the normal physical and mental development of the child. Осуществлен общий обзор положений Женевской декларации прав ребенка в 1924 году. Проанализированы особенности Женевской декларации прав ребенка в 1924 году. В частности, в тексте Декларации используется термин "потребности"; основные потребности детей обобщены в пяти пунктах-принципах; все перечисленные потребности ориентированы на обеспечение благосостояния, создание условий, обеспечивающих обычное физическое и психическое развитие ребенка.
35
Ebeneku-Anim, Frederick, Ingrid Jacobson, Margaret McRoberts, and Pierre Munyura. "Building Sustainable Urban Communities : Can a common participatory space offer a solution?" Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4114.
Full textAbstract:
Globalization and rapid urbanization in the developing world have been contributing greatly to a current unsustainable reality. In order to move towards a sustainable society, the strength of people working collectively as a community must be recognized and harnessed to begin making changes from the bottom up. This thesis will examine how a common participatory space has the potential to become a community hub, and to foster participatory dialogue, negotiation and decision-making within urban communities of poverty. After examining the current reality, including present development practices, this research strives to find universal elements for a common participatory space where vision building and strategic community action can flourish. This study also examines the processes needed to engage community members in the cultivation, creation and maintenance of a common participatory space.
36
Bernotaitytė, Giedrė. "Vaiko išlaikymo dydžio ir formos nustatymo problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070103_220920-36565.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the study - the problems of establishing size and form of child‘s mainte-nance.
A child‘s right to maintenance is inalienable natural right, so parents‘s duty to maintain their children must be regarded as very important one. The purpose of this study is to reveal ac-tual problems of implementation of a child‘s right to maintainance setting the right size and form of maintenance and securing the problems of such a rendering of maintenance through ana-lysing doctrine, rules of interpretation formed by courts and acts of law. Author analyses the re-gulation of legal relations of the child‘s maintenance in Republic of Lithuania, states of Europe-an Union and qualifies the problems arising in practice of courts.
The first chapter analyses the concetion of the child, the importance of the child‘s right to maintenance. The second chapter analyses the establishment of size and form of child‘s main-tenance, the replacement of the size and form of maintenance: overlooks the systems of establis-hment of size, analyses the criterions determining the size and form of maintenence, rules of in-terpretation and application formed by courts and arising problems. The third chapter analyses the importance of implementation of public interest in the process of establishing the child‘s maintenance, the role of the state establishing the maintenance, the size of the maintenance which is provided by the state, order and conditions.
The main conceptions of the study – maintenance... [to full text]
37
Musona, Mambo. "An exploration of the causes of social unrest in Omay communal lands of Nyami Nyami district in Zimbabwe: a human needs perspective." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1372.
Full textAbstract:
One of the responsibilities of every government is to make provisions of basic needs for its citizens. The situation in Omay resembles people living during the dark ages when there was no constitutional government. The government should in accordance with the priorities of its people be seen to be improving the lives of its citizens by providing health, education, roads, communication facilities, and participation in decision making especially on issues that have a bearing on their lives. The human needs theory postulates that one of the most ideal ways of resolving protracted conflicts is by helping people meet their needs. Human needs are not for trading according to conflict scholar John Burton, implying that if one does not meet his or her needs he/she might do anything to strive to meet them. The people of Omay have been deprived of their needs in all facets; first the previous government relocated them to create Lake Kariba for the hydroelectric plant. They were not compensated. They were dumped on very arid, tsetse fly infested mountainous areas adjacent to game reserves and national parks where they have to make do with wildlife; some that destroy their few crops (elephants) and others that kill them or their animals (lions). As a minority group they have been engaged in social unrest and small skirmishes with government and other, bigger ethnic groups as a form of resistance. A deliberate affirmative action to channel funds towards raising their living standards and develop their area so that they meet their needs could be the panacea to the social unrest.
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Marrable, Letitia Faith. "On needing 'need' : an exploration of the construction of the child with 'additional needs'." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7440/.
Full textAbstract:
My research takes a social work perspective to investigate the concept of the child with ‘additional needs'. This concept arose out of the Labour Government's programme ‘Every Child Matters' (HM Government, 2003) which proposed that children's needs for support should be picked up at an earlier point by an integrated Children's Services consisting of social care, health and education. This would stop them from ‘falling through the net' of services. A focus on ‘additional needs' should mean that children in distress are helped at an early stage before problems became critical, improving the ‘well-being' of children and their families. The research has traced the cases of twelve children with ‘additional needs' through their contacts with Children's Services, using an interactionist methodology to interrogate the meaning-making between respondents. Further, following Hacking (2004), a Foucauldian approach to discourse allowed me investigate the discourses which shape formal diagnosis and categorization. Focusing on the ways that the child is positioned and perceived has allowed me to address the question of whose ‘need' is prioritized when the child enters the professional gaze. In doing so it has examined the role of formal and informal labels in constructing the child, the emotional content that goes into creating the ‘meaning-labels' of the child, and the ways that failures in knowing about the child affect the ways that a child becomes pictured. It concludes that in the shifting practices that make up Children's Services, the child with additional needs can become lost in the complex interaction between adult needs and emotions. The informal ‘meaning-labels' which arise out of this complexity often identify the child as carrying a ‘spoiled identity'. This can be carried through into practice with the child, including the processes of formal diagnosis and categorization. Adult emotions need to be managed better if children are to get fitting and timely help to allow them to thrive.
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Watene, Krushil P. M. "Strengthening the capability approach : the foundations of the capability approach, with insights from two challenges." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1902.
Full textAbstract:
The Capability Approach was initially developed by Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, with the first basic articulation presented in his 1979 ‘Equality of What?’ Tanner Lecture. Since then, the approach has gained a huge amount of attention as a conceptual framework which offers a clear and insightful way to measure well-being and development. Most recently, the approach has been refined and extended by Martha Nussbaum to issues of disability, nationality, and species membership in political philosophy. This project is about the foundations of the capability approach. More specifically, this project asks whether we can, and whether there are good reasons to, strengthen those foundations. The conclusions drawn here are that we ought to think seriously about the way that the capability approach develops as a theory that responds to real world challenges and change. More importantly, this project contends – in light of the challenges of future people and indigenous peoples – that there is good reason to think of new ways to ground the approach. This project takes up this challenge and grounds the approach in a modified version of Tim Mulgan’s approach to well-being. This project demonstrates that this alternative enriches the capability approach by providing us with a way of making sense of important problems, and with options for moving forward. Overall, this project asks important questions about how the capability approach could evolve based on challenges that remain relatively under-explored in the current literature. This project contributes to this literature by demonstrating that we can and ought to strengthen the capability approach and its ability to understand, take on board, and resolve these challenges.
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Матяшовська, Роксолана Юріївна. "Гарантії прав осіб дошкільного віку в глобалізаційному суспільстві." Diss., Національний університет "Львівська політехніка", 2019. https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/48117.
Full textAbstract:
У дисертації комплексно висвітлено гарантії прав осіб дошкільного віку в глобалізованому суспільстві через дослідження цілісної системи політичних, соціально-економічних, ідеологічних і правових гарантій прав досліджуваної категорії суб’єктів права та встановлення сутності їх трансформації під
впливом глобалізаційних чинників в окремих сферах суспільних відносин. У дослідженні критикується виключність юридичного закріплення класифікації статусу дітей за критерієм дієздатності, тому, враховуючи особливості прав та можливості їх реалізації, зростання особистості, різновекторність її інтересів у малолітньому віці, пропонується класифікація статусу дітей за рівнем соціалізації: діти дошкільного віку, молодшого шкільного та старшого шкільного віку. Запропоновано авторське визначення законних інтересів особи дошкільного віку: це суб’єктивно зумовлена потреба дитини від народження
до початку шкільного віку у сприятливих умовах її існування та розвитку, що забезпечується з боку батьків, суспільства, держави та має домінантне значення перед інтересами інших соціальних груп.
Встановлено, що парадигма правового забезпечення дитинства змінюється під впливом глобальних чинників, з-поміж яких: трансформація сім’ї; науково-технічний прогрес, який проявляється у всіх сферах та змінює зміст, предмет і сутність всієї науки; загрози інформаційного суспільства; глобальні екологічні загрози. Наголошено на потребі оновленого підходу до державного гарантування прав дітей, що вимагає вироблення і прийняття до реалізації концепції, яка ґрунтується на визнанні самоцінності дитинства, на відповідальності дорослих. Запропоновано складові сучасної стратегії гарантій прав осіб дошкільного віку: пріоритет прав дітей, діти як правовласники, а не лише як суб’єкти захисту; пріоритет інтересів дітей; міжнародне та національне гарантування прав і законних інтересів дітей; пріоритет захисту дітей від загроз, які зумовлені глобалізаційними чинниками. Встановлено комплекс прав, які є основними для осіб дошкільного віку. Доведено, що політичні гарантії виступають первинною основою для забезпечення дієвості всього механізму гарантування, обумовлюють всю зовнішню сферу суспільно-політичного та правового функціонування держави, напрям і стратегію розвитку права, законодавства, парадигму
розвитку суспільно-правової реальності. Сформульовано структуру політичних гарантій прав осіб дошкільного віку: загальногромадянські та спеціально-політичні гарантії, що є особливо значущими для визначеної категорії суб’єктів права. Удосконалено класифікацію соціальних гарантій дітей дошкільного віку. Виокремлено структуру соціальних гарантій дітей дошкільного віку: загальні соціальні гарантії, якими користуються діти як члени суспільства та громадяни держави на основі принципу рівності й соціальної справедливості; спеціальні соціальні гарантії для дітей дошкільного віку, які націлені на
створення умов для зростання та розвитку осіб цієї вікової групи відповідно до їхніх потреб; видові спеціальні гарантії, які є необхідними для забезпечення дітей, що мають додаткові індивідуальні потреби через певні обставини, в яких вони опинилися. Виокремлено такі ідеологічні гарантії прав осіб дошкільного віку: створення в суспільстві високого рівня правової культури; утвердження
морально-етичних традицій сімейного виховання; сприяння формуванню ордологічних, народно-традиційних цінностей; засоби формування толерантного ставлення до інших; державні гарантії забезпечення освітньо-виховного процесу. Запропоновано оновити чинний Базовий компонент
дошкільної освіти як прояв ідеологічно-освітньої гарантії. Запропоновано доповнити понятійно-категоріальний апарат загальнотеоретичної юриспруденції дефініцією правових гарантій прав осіб
дошкільного віку: під такими гарантіями слід розуміти закріплені в джерелах права норми, які визначають сукупність умов і регламентують порядок реалізації прав дітей цієї вікової групи, а також визначають особливості охорони, захисту цих прав та їх відновлення у разі порушення. Окреслено структуру правових гарантії прав осіб дошкільного віку, до якої входять нормативні (міжнародні, національні) та інституційні гарантії. Національна державна правова політика у сфері забезпечення прав осіб
дошкільного віку має прогалини. Зокрема, не приділено належної уваги: підтриманню стратегії раннього розвитку дитини; акцентуванню на стратегії грудного вигодовування дитини; підтриманню дошкільної освіти; вихованню толерантності в дитячому середовищі, починаючи з перших років життя дитини; актуалізації здорового способу життя з раннього віку, активізації спортивних та фізичних заходів; патріотичному вихованню дітей, прищепленню їм з раннього віку ментальних цінностей народу та нації;
забезпеченню рівності дітей незалежно від народження, зокрема тих, що народжені з використанням новітніх досягнень біомедицини; подоланню проблеми примусової безоплатної праці дітей в домашньому господарстві. Статтю 52 Конституції України запропоновано доповнити такою нормою:
«Законні інтереси дитини мають найвищу соціальну цінність», що вказуватиме на перевагу дитинства у разі виникнення конфлікту інтересів. Доведено, що методологічний нормотворчий підхід, який ґрунтується на зрівнюванні становища дітей різних вікових груп, є абсолютно неприйнятним, тому запропоновано прийняти спеціалізований нормативний акт, що стосуватиметься дітей молодшої вікової групи, – Закон України «Про правовий статус дітей дошкільного віку в Україні». Описано структуру і зміст
цього закону. Обґрунтовано, що прийняття спеціалізованого нормативного акта сприятиме: розвитку молодого покоління відповідно до сучасних соціальних запитів; охороні й захисту дитинства з раннього віку; розвитку освітньо-виховного середовища; створенню умов для інтелектуального, морального, фізичного розвитку дітей раннього віку; консолідації зусиль держави на всіх рівнях та громадянського суспільства для створення належного дружнього середовища для дітей. Проаналізовано міжнародні (робота ЮНІСЕФ, ЮНЕСКО, МОП) та національні інституційні гарантії (законне представництво дитини, система ювенальної юстиції, інститут дитячого омбудсмена). Доведено, що інститут дитячого омбудсмена не має незалежної компетенції і виконує допоміжні функції при Президенті України як структурний підрозділ в його апараті. Обґрунтовано, що модель формування і функціонування цієї інституції має бути аналогічною до Уповноваженого з прав людини; повноваження зазначеного Уповноваженого мають бути розширені і повинні передбачати не одноосібну охорону та захист окремого індивідуума, а охоплювати значно ширше коло питань, що стосуються всіх осіб молодшої вікової групи.
Громадянство є основоположною гарантією реалізації прав та свобод людини. Саме цей інститут є «відправною точкою» для інших гарантій з боку держави. Хоча на міжнародному рівні зроблено акцент на тому, що громадянство має бути забезпечене кожній дитині в найкоротші терміни, низка глобальних проблем у цій сфері залишається нерозв’язаною. Запропоновано шляхи їх подолання. Узагальнено низку правових проблем у сфері суспільних відносин, пов’язаних із нетрадиційними сім’ями. Доведено прямий їхній вплив на особу дошкільного віку, яка перебуває в такій сім’ї. Констатовано факти
дискримінації таких дітей, зокрема їх неприйняття, знущання або дискримінації від однолітків, вихователів та представників органів влади. Становище особи дошкільного віку з нетрадиційної сім’ї залежить від культурних особливостей суспільства та правової ідеології, що панує в ньому. Тому наявність нормативно-правових гарантій для дітей з нетрадиційних сімей не вказує на їх дієвість. Вочевидь, правова норма буде дієвою та ефективною лише в умовах, коли більшість суспільства вважатиме її доцільною, тому пріоритетними є ідеологічні гарантії. Зокрема, організаційними та інформаційно-роз’яснювальними методами потрібно підготувати суспільство до сприйняття осіб з іншими проявами статевої ідентичності як повноцінних членів суспільства, виробити толерантні підходи
до комунікації з ними. Треба підвищити рівень обізнаності педагогічних колективів з можливими проблемами в дитячому середовищі та засобами їх вирішення. Для цього доцільно впровадити в освітні програми підготовки педагогів, зокрема вихователів дошкільних закладів, спеціальні курси щодо
педагогічної компетенції в роботі з дітьми, які виховуються в нетрадиційних сім’ях. Проблема невизначеності статусу дітей, народжених методом репродуктивних технологій, пов’язана з невизначеністю гарантій юридичного батьківського права та правом на інформацію про таємницю запліднення. Вирішенню цієї проблеми сприятиме комплекс таких гарантій: міжнародне
визнання статусу дітей, що народжені за допомогою використання репродуктивних технологій; нормативні гарантії визнання легітимною матір’ютієї жінки, яка відповідатиме найкращим інтересам дитини; міжнародна правова заборона використання генетичного матеріалу сурогатної матері;
національне правове визначення пріоритету прав батьків на недоторканність приватного життя чи прав щодо забезпечення дитини інформацією про особливості народження. Глобалізаційні чинники зумовлюють трансформацію підходів до освітнього процесу дошкільників. Сучасний підхід до освіти характеризується застосуванням принципу «включення» всіх дітей до освітнього процесу, тобто
запровадження інклюзивної освіти. Констатовано, що розуміння включення (інклюзивного середовища) значно розширилося. Рання інклюзія, що проходить у дошкільних закладах, є особливо важливою, тому що дає дитині можливість адаптуватися до дитячого колективу ще до початку шкільного життя. Піддається критиці нормативне визначення поняття «дитина з освітніми потребами», пропонується авторська дефініція цього поняття. Запропоновано запровадити в національній практиці інститут освітнього сурогатного опікуна. Виокремлено принципи державної правової політики в умовах глобалізації у сфері приватної освіти.
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Grossman, Michelle G. "Addressing the gap : the role of institutions of the Rome Statute in responding to the needs of child crime victims at risk of "falling through the cracks"." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711689.
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Vetter, Silvana Maria de Jesus. "Informação no protagonismo social, na garantia dos direitos e satisfação de necessidades dos idosos: centros de convivência do Rio de Janeiro e São Luís." Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2018. http://ridi.ibict.br/handle/123456789/971.
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Este estudo trata sobre informação no protagonismo social, na defesa dos direitos e na satisfação de necessidades de informação dos idosos, no contexto de Centros de Convivência para idosos, instituições definidas em legislação específica voltadas para esse segmento social. A problemática que gerou o estudo contempla as seguintes questões: em que medida as ações desenvolvidas em Centros de Convivência contribuem para o acesso à informação sobre os direitos, cumprimento desses direitos, assim como atendimento às necessidades e promoção do protagonismo social dos idosos que os frequentam? O quanto esses sujeitos estão conscientes dos seus direitos e agem na busca de informações para a satisfação de suas necessidades e solução de seus problemas? Na busca de respostas para tais indagações, em revisão de literatura, considerou-se abordagens sobre a velhice no cenário atual, especificamente a estigmatização da velhice, o envelhecimento ativo e a feminização da velhice. Abordou-se também literatura que focaliza a relevância da informação no protagonismo social de idosos, enfatizando a sua importância nos dias atuais. Argumentos que consideram aspectos das necessidades de informação, competência em informação e direitos de informação que se mostram relevantes para esse grupo social foram também considerados nesta pesquisa. Como se caracterizam os Centros de Convivência no país, sua origem em legislação e o seu papel social junto à população dos idosos foi o primeiro passo do estudo empírico. A seguir, foram selecionados quatro Centros de Convivência de Idosos do Rio de Janeiro e de São Luís, aqui definidos como o campo de estudo. Nestes foram realizadas observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuários dos Centros e com seus coordenadores. Os resultados indicam que os Centros de Convivência realizam várias ações que contribuem para o protagonismo social dos idosos, como informá-los sobre seus direitos e satisfazer outras necessidades de informação. Não foram identificadas, porém, ações de estímulo à atuação dos idosos na definição das atividades do centro e na sua conscientização enquanto grupo social apto a lutar pelos seus direitos. As entrevistas com os idosos mostraram os tipos de necessidades de informação que expressam, além das atividades que valorizam. No seu uso dos Centros destacam-se as atividades de prevenção da doença e de lazer. O desafio aos Centros de Convivência de Idosos é articular o conhecimento adquirido pelos usuários com a solução das necessidades de informação, visando a promoção do envelhecimento ativo e protagonista.
This study deals with the role of information in the social protagonism, in the defense of rights and in the satisfaction of information needs of elders, in the context of Centros de Convivência de Idosos (Centers for the coexistence of the elderly), institutions created by specific Brazilian legislation. The theoretical problematic discussed led to following research questions: the actions promoted by the Centros de Convivência contribute to the access to information about rights of their users, as well as the fulfilment of their information needs and to the promotion of their social protagonism? How much are these elders conscious of their rights, are active in seeking the satisfaction of their needs, and in the solution of their problems? Seeking to answer these questions a literature review was made considering the following themes: old age in contemporary society, especially old age stimatization, active old age, and old age feminization. The literature that approaches the relevance of information in old age protagonism is also considered, as well as arguments about the importance of information needs, information literacy and information rights to this social segment. The first step of the empirical study was the description of the Centros de Convivência in the country, its origin in the legislation and its role in promoting well being of the elderly. Next, four Centros de Convivência in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Luís were selected as the study field. In the study of these centers the methods of observation and semi-structured interviews were applied to describe visits to the centers and to obtain information and opinions of coordinators and users. Data results indicate that these centers in fact contribute to the social protagonism of the elderly, as it is the case of providing information about their rights, and information that subsidise them in satisfying their necessities. However, actions to stimulate users in defining the activities of the centers and to promote the consciousness of the users as a social group apt to fight for their rights were not identified. The interviews applied helped to point out several types of information the users need and the activities they value the most. Interview data also show that leisure and disease prevention is what characterizes the use of these centers. The challenge of the Centros de Convivência is to articulate the knowledge acquired by their users with the solution of their information needs, aiming at the promotion of and active and protagonist old age.
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Mamaila, Tshifhiwa. "Community-based care for HIV/AIDS orphans." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01312006-092356.
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Thackray, Liz. "The meanings of the 'struggle/fight metaphor' in the special needs domain : the experiences of practitioners and parents of children with high functioning autism spectrum conditions." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/47168/.
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The special needs domain has long been recognised as problematic and adversarial. Much research has focused on areas of contention, such as the relationships between parents and practitioners, especially in educational settings, or on problems within the structure and operation of the domain. This study adopts a whole system approach in combining discussion of the structural basis of tension within the domain with an investigation of how both parents and practitioners describe, experience and respond to tensions within the special needs domain; such tensions being viewed as facets of the 'struggle' and 'fight' metaphor. Whole systems approaches are derived from the systems discipline, which developed initially out of the nineteenth century interest in organic and engineering systems, but more recently has focused on organisational and inter-organisational arrangements, including the part people play in enabling or disabling such arrangements. It is a strongly interdisciplinary approach more commonly found in organisational studies than in the social sciences more generally. Fifteen practitioners, from health and education settings, and twelve parents of children and young people with diagnoses of high functioning autism spectrum conditions participated in the study. The participants' stories of their experiences of the special needs domain were collected using a narrative inquiry approach. The data was analysed using concepts and theoretical frameworks derived from the work of Pierre Bourdieu, Uri Bronfenbrenner and Charles Wright Mills. An exploration of the influences shaping the special needs domain revealed a number of areas of unresolved tension, some of which result in tensions for those involved in the domain such as can be described as 'fight', and some of which might be addressed by structural changes to the systems comprising the special needs domain such as those envisaged in forthcoming legislation. However importantly the empirical study found that many tensions and struggles experienced by both parents and practitioners did not emanate from the structures of the domain and therefore were unlikely to be amenable to structural changes. Parents 'struggle' to maintain their identity as 'good' parents, to acquire information and to navigate the system in order to access services and resources. Practitioners experience conflict as they seek to access information and training, engage in the complex choreography of cooperating and collaborating in interagency and interprofessional working and endeavour to harmonise their professional practice with agency and public policy priorities. The thesis concludes with a brief discussion of the relationship between whole system approaches and other interdisciplinary approaches to investigating complex problems in the human sciences. It is suggested that systems diagramming techniques such as systems mapping and rich pictures are useful additions to the sociologist's toolkit.
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Santos, Maria da Conceição dos. "Pessoa com deficiência física, necessidades de saúde e integralidade do cuidado: análise das práticas de reabilitação no SUS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-21022018-093226/.
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Na atualidade, a deficiência é conceituada com base em seu caráter dinâmico e biossocial. O processo funcionalidade/incapacidade decorre da interação entre a pessoa com deficiência e os fatores contextuais presentes no ambiente físico e societal, sendo eles determinantes para a participação social. Universalidade, integralidade e equidade formam o tripé do ideário da Reforma Sanitária brasileira, trazendo para o centro das práticas de saúde as demandas e as necessidades de saúde da população. Vários estudos no campo da Saúde Coletiva problematizam as práticas e os modelos de atenção em saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro, postulando que o trabalho em saúde tem como finalidade das práticas assistenciais a prestação de serviços com fins de satisfazer demandas e necessidades de saúde daqueles que buscam esses serviços. Entretanto, poucos deles recortaram a temática das práticas de reabilitação na perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado, da funcionalidade humana e da participação social da população de pessoas com deficiência física adquirida. Por meio do método de pesquisa qualitativa se objetivou analisar - a partir do percurso de busca de cuidados - como as necessidades de saúde de pessoas com deficiência física são contempladas nas práticas de saúde e reabilitação, desde a perspectiva da integralidade do cuidado e da funcionalidade humana. O ciclo de pesquisa envolveu uma fase exploratória, com pesquisa documental, e uma fase de campo, na qual foram feitas doze entrevistas abertas com pessoas com deficiência física adquirida na idade adulta, incluindo seus cuidadores, acerca dos percursos de busca de cuidados na rede loco-regional do Sistema Único de Saúde, no município de Santos, estado de São Paulo. Empregou-se a análise temática das entrevistas com apoio do software NVivo11®, enriquecidas com os dados da pesquisa documental, adotando-se a abordagem interpretativa-compreensiva de perspectiva crítico-hermenêutica na discussão, com base no aporte teórico do estudo e em autores que discutem o tema investigado. Os participantes do estudo foram onze homens e uma mulher, com idades variando entre 21 e 79 anos, indicados pelos serviços de atenção básica (n= 8) e atenção domiciliar (n= 4). Segundo informações declaradas pelos participantes, as deficiências decorreram de afecções neurológicas (n= 10) e ortopédicas (n= 2), determinando quadros motores de paralisias e amputações, respectivamente. O tempo transcorrido desde o adoecimento foi de 17 anos para o caso mais antigo; o mais recente ocorrera há menos de trinta dias até o momento da entrevista. Sete deles necessitavam de moderada a completa assistência de terceiros nas atividades de vida diárias e três deles tiveram complicações secundárias, de ordem biológica e/ou psicossocial, após a condição de deficiência física. A análise dos dados produzidos resultou em dois temas centrais. O primeiro identificou aspectos da complexidade das necessidades de saúde inter-relacionados com o conjunto das circunstâncias que compõem a vida doméstica e comunitária dos participantes e elementos sobre as nuances dos encontros terapêuticos entre profissionais de saúde e usuários, que ora se aproximaram ora se afastaram da perspectiva de integralidade do cuidado. Tais necessidades, quando não atendidas, provocaram situações de vulnerabilidades clínicas, sociais e experiências de incapacidade e exclusão social, desvelando, ainda, vulnerabilidades programáticas dos serviços e programas. Com isso se assevera o valor do conceito ampliado de saúde e de funcionalidade, pautado nos saberes interdisciplinares, centrado no usuário e no trabalho interprofissional em direção à integralidade do cuidado nas práticas de reabilitação. O segundo tema revelou aspectos da organização da rede de serviços que antagonizam e tensionam os princípios finalísticos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS): fragmentação da assistência, fragilidades no acolhimento às demandas e necessidades dos participantes; carência de ferramentas de compartilhamento de informações entre serviços e profissionais intra e interserviços; exiguidade na abordagem dos fatores contextuais; insuficiência nas ações voltadas à orientação e informação que minimizem a dependência de assistência de terceiros no manejo das atividades de vida diária e eliminação de barreiras contextuais. Conclui-se que a reabilitação é um processo multidimensional dinâmico e complexo, que depende de saberes interdisciplinares para melhor direcionar o trabalho em equipe interprofissional tomando as demandas e necessidades de saúde, funcionalidade e participação social individuais e comuns das pessoas com deficiência como seu horizonte normativo para produção das boas práticas de reabilitação. Acredita-se que seja ao tomar o caminho da ética do cuidado e da valorização dos direitos humanos como princípios orientadores das práticas profissionais se fará possível - a profissionais, serviços e usuários - tecer a rede de atenção à saúde, com os fios e linhas da integralidade do cuidado investindo-se em todas as possibilidades e nuances dos projetos de felicidade dos sujeitosCurrently, disability is conceptualized based on its dynamic and biosocial character. The functioning/disability process stems from the interaction between the disabled person and the contextual factors present in the physical and societal environment, which are fundamental to social participation. Universality, integrality and equity form the tripod of the ideology of the Brazilian Sanitary Reform, bringing the population\'s demands and health needs to the center of health practices. Several studies in the field of Public Health problematize practices and models of health care in the Brazilian National Unified Health System (SUS), postulating that health working aims to provide health care services to meet the demands and health needs of those who seek for such services. However, few of them highlighted the theme of rehabilitation practices based on the perspective of comprehensive care, human functioning and social participation of the population with acquired physical disability. By means of the qualitative research method - as from the quest for health care pathways, this study aimed to analyze how health care needs of people with physical disability are approached by health and rehabilitation practices, according to the perspective of comprehensive care and human functioning. The research cycle involved an exploratory phase, with documentary research, and a field phase, in which twelve interviews were conducted with people with physical disability acquired in adulthood, including their caregivers, about the health care pathways in the locoregional network of the Brazilian National Unified Health System, in the city of Santos, state of São Paulo. We have used interviews thematic analysis with the support of Nvivo11® software, enriched with data from the documentary research, and adopted an interpretative-comprehensive approach and a critical-hermeneutic perspective discussion data, also based on the study theoretical framework and authors who discuss the subject. Eleven men and one woman, ranging from 21 to 79 years old, participated in the study, and were referred by primary care (n = 8) and home care services (n = 4). According to reported information by the participants, the disabilities were due to neurological (n = 10) and orthopedic (n = 2) illness, that implicated on motor impairments such as paralysis and amputations, respectively. The elapsed time since illness was 17 years for the oldest case and the most recent one occurred less than thirty days before the interview. Seven of them demanded moderate to total assistance in activities of daily living and three of them sustained secondary conditions due to biological and/or psychosocial complications due physical disability. The analysis of produced data resulted in two central themes. The first one identified aspects of the complexity of health needs interrelated with the set of circumstances which constitutes the participants\' domestic and community life and elements about the nuances of the therapeutic meetings between health professionals and clients, meetings that sometimes get closer, sometimes move away from the perspective of comprehensive care. When health needs were not met, they created situations of clinical and social vulnerability and experiences that potentializes disability and social exclusion, revealing programmatic vulnerabilities related to services and programs organizations. This situation highlights the value of the comprehensive health and functioning concepts based on interdisciplinary knowledge, inter professional team working and client centered towards an effective comprehensive approach in rehabilitation practices. The second theme revealed aspects of the service network organization which antagonize and tension the finalist principles of the Brazilian National Unified Health System: fragmentation of care, fragility attendance on health demands and needs; lack of tools to share information between intra and inter health professionals and services; lack to approach contextual factors barriers; insufficiency actions to promote independence and autonomy on activities of daily living. In conclusion, we highlighted that rehabilitation is multidimensional dynamic and complex and process, which must rely on interdisciplinary knowledge to best guide inter professional team working focusing on individual and common health needs, functioning and social participation of people with disability as a normative horizon to produce rehabilitation best practices. We have confidence that if we take the path of an ethical of care and value human rights as principles to guide professional practices, it will become possible for professionals, services and clients to weave the health care network with threads and lines of comprehensive care, and investing in all the possibilities and nuances of the subjects\' happiness projects
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Quifica, Valter Bongo Guange. "Impacto do contributo da cruz vermelha internacional no desempenho da missão humanitária, com realce em Angola e na Namíbia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14120.
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A iniciativa assumida neste trabalho visa procurar, recolher, analisar e apresentar, de maneira clara e objectiva, dados sobre o trabalho da Cruz Vermelha Internacional e do Crescente Vermelho ao longo dos tempos em torno do mundo, com particular destaque em Angola e na Namíba, países situados na Região da África Austral, no Continente Africano.
A análise constitui uma reflexão sobre o impacto das actividades humanitárias da Cruz vermelha e documenta algumas políticas e práticas que afectam os fluxos de serviços de ajudas de alívio na zona mais a sul do continente Berço da; A iniciativa assumida neste trabalho visa procurar, recolher, analisar e apresentar, de maneira clara e objectiva, dados sobre o trabalho da Cruz Vermelha Internacional e do Crescente Vermelho ao longo dos tempos em torno do mundo, com particular destaque em Angola e na Namíba, países situados na Região da África Austral, no Continente Africano.
A análise constitui uma reflexão sobre o impacto das actividades humanitárias da Cruz vermelha e documenta algumas políticas e práticas que afectam os fluxos de serviços de ajudas de alívio na zona mais a sul do continente Berço da humanidade.O presente trabalho integra seis (6) capítulos diferentes, onde o primeiro versa sobre origem, os componentes e o processo de integração do movimento, assim como os objectivos, missão, trabalhos, importância do voluntariado e algumas políticas e regulações da Cruz Vermelha Internacional. O segundo capítulo trata de enfatizar a importância e desafios da Cruz Vermelha Internacional na aplicação do Direito Internacional Humanitário, assim como de alguns direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos, no processo de realização do trabalho humanitário da Cruz Vermelha. De igual modo, é nesta parte do texto onde o autor aborda, com certo destaque, a questão das Convenções de Genebra e dos seus Protocolos adicionais.
Os desafios e os obstáculos verificados na implementação da estratégica da missão humanitária da Cruz Vermelha Internacional encontram-se reflectidos no Capítulo 3. Mais concretamente, este capítulo destaca o conceito da missão humanitária, os actuais desafios do movimento face as fortes mudanças climáticas e outros desastres e, mobilidades populacionais, bem como uma tabela estatística que reflecte alguns impactos provenientes de desastres naturais.
No quarto e quinto capítulos encontram-se reflectidas algumas experiências humanitárias, desafios e prioridades estratégicas das Sociedades Nacionais da Cruz Vermelha Internacional em Angola e na Namíbia, no processo de protecção de vidas de famílias, através da implementação de programas e projectos direccionados à identificação de riscos, redução de vulnerabilidade, prevenção sobre o HIV e SIDA, saúde social e outros tendentes a melhoria do estado de vivência das populações mais desfavorecidas.
Finalmente, o último ou sexto capítulo contém as conclusões que integram algumas lições aprendidas, bem como principais sugestões e ou recomendações, visando, futuramente, melhorar o desenvolvimento do trabalho da organização, facto que grandemente proporcionará positivo impacto na vida de comunidades vulneráveis de vários países do mundo, particularmente em Angola e na Namíbia; ABSTRACT:The initiative assumed on this work tend to search, collect, analyze and present, in a clear and objective manner, data about the work of International Red Cross and Red Crescent all over the times around the world, with particular emphasis in Angola and Namibia, countries located in the Southern African Region, in the African Continent. The analysis constitutes a reflection on the impact of the humanitarian activities of the Red Cross and document some politics and practices that affect the flowing of services and relief aids on the zones more in the Southern African continent, the Cradle of Humanity.
The present work integrates six (6) different chapters, where the first deals with the origin, the components and the process of the movement integration, as well as the objectives, mission, works, importance of volunteering and some politics and regulations of the International Red Cross.The Second Chapter manages to emphasize the importance and challenges of the International Red Cross on the application of the International Humanitarian Law, as well as of some fundamental rights of citizens, in the process of implementation of Red Cross Humanitarian work. Similarly, it is on this part of the text where the Author approaches, with some outstanding, the issue of the Geneva Conventions and its Additional Protocols.The challenges and obstacles observed on the implementation of the strategy of the humanitarian mission of International Red Cross are reflected in Chapter 3. More precisely, this chapter points out the concept of the humanitarian mission, the actual challenges of the movement due to the strong climate changes and other disasters and the populations mobility’s, as well as a statistical table that reflects some impacts proceeding from natural disasters.
On the fourth and fifth Chapters are reflected some humanitarian experiences, challenges and strategic priorities of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent National Societies in Angola and in Namibia, in the process of protecting the lives of families, through the implementation of projects and programs aimed to identify risks, reduce vulnerability, prevent HIV and AIDS, and social health and others tending to improve the living status of the most unfavorable populations.
Finally, the sixth or last Chapter contains the conclusions which integrates some lessons learned, as well as the main suggestions and or recommendations, tending to improve the development of the organization’s work in the future, fact that greatly will provide positive impact on the lives of the most vulnerable communities in various countries of the world, particularly in Angola and in Namíbia.
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Blanchard, Julian. "Information needs and rights of shareholders." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19521.
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Bibliography: p. 1-23.295, 23 p. ; 30 cm.
Thesis commences by grappling with the fundamental issues of knowledge, information and communication. The author develops fundamental definitions of each of these. In particular the author defines communication as the endeavour of passing knowledge by information from one person to another. This definition is purposive and therefore requires a focus on the nature of the relationship between speaker and audience and in particular the information needs of the audience. Translated to the corporate context the respective roles of directors and shareholders are deconstructed in order to determine shareholders' information needs. At the stage shareholders should be regarded as monitors and investors.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Law, 1999
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Chang, Yi-Chun, and 張翊群. "Vietnamese Transnational Marital Taiwan Wives'Social Rights and Welfare Needs." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35822208234497302669.
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碩士東吳大學
社會工作學系
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The study aims to analyze what kinds of social welfare service have been provided under the consideration of welfare needs and how far social rights have been affected the welfare provision. This research used qualitative methods to interview social workers and transnational marital Taiwan wives subjective for understand the transnational marital Taiwan wife's needs and what has been provided by welfare system. The findings of this study are two: whether the status of transnational marital Taiwan wife, holding the residence permit or ID card, have different welfare needs. Transnational marital Taiwan wife stay in Taiwan indeed has significant difference. First, the relations of the status and welfare need: the study finds that welfare needs are diversity by time, no matter the transnational marital Taiwan wives holding residential card or ID card. Second, the connection of the status and the welfare service providing: The participants respond although the ID card brings them more security senses, they also indicate that there are not significant difference for enjoy the welfare service causes they hold ID card. Nevertheless, so long as their life falls into the difficult position, when needs the social welfare system support, whether she holds the ID card or not indeed affects welfare provisions. Third, the gap of the welfare needs and the social policy: although welfare provisions do consider the needs of the transnational marital Taiwan wife, those provisions still do not fix the needs of those groups.
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YENG-JENG, WU, and 吳永任. "The Sexual Rights and Needs of People With Chronic Mental Disorders." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12937536338976717491.
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碩士玄奘大學
社會福利與社會工作學系碩士班
103
People with mental disorders have the needs of sexual behaviors and intimacy relationships as others. Their fundamental rights cannot be derived by any excuses or being people with mental disorders. The United Nations passed "the Universal Declaration of Human Rights" (Universal Declaration of Human Rights) in 1948. The Declaration indicated people were born as equal; no matter he/she was sick or disabled. Sex, as one kind of human rights, is also applied for people with mental disorders. The study adopted qualitative research method, and collected data by using in-depth interview.The researcher used purposive sampling to invite eight people with mental disorders from two rehabilitation homes to participate in this study. The participants were between the age of 18 and 65.The researcher conducted an interview outline as the research tool. The research results showed that most interviewers considered the majority still saw people with mental disorders in an oppression and discrimination attitude in this society. The oppressions included languages, economy, stigma, and genetic issues. People with mental disorders received the oppressions from the society and internalized these oppression ideas to be people with sickness and disabled without needs and rights. Moreover, under the circumstances, people with mental disorders were hesitated to express their own sexual needs and rights. The researcher discussed the relevant opinions and recommendations in different perspectives based on the research results, including policy making, social work practice, and future researches. The goals of this study tried to raise the awareness of people in the society to have equal rights and respect others as their own families. This study also asked for the society to understand the needs and the rights of people with mental disorders.
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Vella, Matthew R. "Individual rights in the unionized workforce conflict between minority needs and majority interests." 2004. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=95129&T=F.
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