Relevant bibliographies by topics / Needs-rights

Academic literature on the topic 'Needs-rights'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Needs-rights"

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Willard, L. Duane. "Needs and Rights." Dialogue 26, no. 1 (1987): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300042281.

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It is not difficult to sympathize with the strong impulse among philosophers to attempt to explain, justify, and even define moral concepts in factual terms. For without some kind of grounding in the facts of human nature, we may be quite perplexed concerning what relevance moral concepts have to our actual decisions, actions, and social relationships. Put another way, without grounding moral concepts in facts we may be quite puzzled as to the connections between principles and practice, between the ideal and the actual. The history of ethical theory contains several serious efforts by various philosophers to provide factual grounding for moral concepts, efforts which we cannot here take up.
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Wein, Sheldon. "Rights and Needs." Dialogue 26, no. 1 (1987): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300042293.

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Willard thinks we should be puzzled and perplexed about the relevance of morality in deciding what to do. His puzzlement stems from not being able to see any connection between facts and values. In particular, he holds that moral rights (if there are any) cannot be based on needs because needs are not really facts and, even if they were, there seems no way to bridge the fact/value gap between needs (construed as facts) and moral rights.
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NEUMANN, MICHAEL. "Needs Not Rights." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 22, no. 3 (January 1992): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1992.10717285.

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Tong, David. "Smoking — rights and needs." Facilities 4, no. 3 (March 1986): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006354.

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Piper, Laurence. "Needs and Rights not needs versus rights: expanding Hamilton's conception of politics to include negative rights." South African Journal of Philosophy 25, no. 3 (January 2006): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2006.10878214.

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Ife, Jim. "Needs, Rights and Democratic Renewal." Nouvelles pratiques sociales 22, no. 1 (May 5, 2010): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/039658ar.

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The way in which a discourse of human needs has been appropriated by neo-liberal perspectives within modernity is well-documented. The construction and definition of “needs” by professionals has been criticised as “the dictatorship of needs”, and has readily excluded people other than professionals and managers from the definition of need. Need becomes objectified, something to be “assessed” by professionals using expert methodologies, rather than involving democratic participation. Here need becomes another excluding professional category, apparently objective and value-free, but in reality ideological. Furthermore, the deficit approach inherent in the idea of “need” runs counter to the more positive “strengths” approach of social work. “Rights” as an alternative to “needs” is superficially a more empowering discourse, and moving from a needs-based to a rights-based approach is therefore intuitively seductive, and has evidently appealed to social workers. However, ideas of “rights”, and especially “human rights” are also embedded within modernity and the privileging of the expert. The conventional discourse of human rights as defined by the UN or other legal bodies, applied universally, and protected through laws and legal institutions, is a negation of any democratic understanding of rights. “Human rights”, like need, thus becomes an objectified discourse of the powerful about the powerless. However the idea of human rights, if constructed from within a more postmodern framing, has the potential to move our understanding of a shared humanity beyond the constraints of modernity. Thus human rights per se is an inadequate, and potentially dangerous, formulation for progressive social work, unless democratic participation is restored to the human rights project. If human rights are understood as being embedded in a community of reciprocal rights and responsibilities, rather than as “things” possessed by individuals, human rights from below can become a powerful framework for the democratic renewal of practice.
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Taylor, Angus. "Animal Rights and Human Needs." Environmental Ethics 18, no. 3 (1996): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics199618316.

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Rock, Paul, and Sandra Walklate. "Acknowledging victims needs and rights." Criminal Justice Matters 35, no. 1 (January 1999): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09627259908552762.

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Wringe, Bill. "Needs, Rights, and Collective Obligations." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 57 (September 2005): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100009218.

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Normative political discussion can be conducted in a variety of different vocabularies. One such is the vocabulary of rights; another is that of needs. Others, with which I shall be less immediately concerned, are the vocabularies of common good and perhaps-although one might regard it as such a general term as to be common to almost all the terms in which one might conduct normative discourse-that of moral obligation.
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Wringe, Bill. "Needs, Rights, and Collective Obligations." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 57 (December 2005): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246105057103.

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Normative political discussion can be conducted in a variety of different vocabularies. One such is the vocabulary of rights; another is that of needs. Others, with which I shall be less immediately concerned, are the vocabularies of common good and perhaps—although one might regard it as such a general term as to be common to almost all the terms in which one might conduct normative discourse—that of moral obligation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Needs-rights"

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Matwijkiw, Anja. "Human needs, rights, and corresponding duties." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627234.

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Blanchard, Julian. "Information needs and rights of shareholders /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb6392.pdf.

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Al, rubiyea Ahmad Ibrahim. "Children with special needs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia : their needs and rights." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27864.

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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is in the process of developing and modernising its organisations to meet and cope with the challenges posed by national and international changes. Child and family issues have become an integral part of the Kingdom strategies, vision and policies. There is a lack of comprehensive research that focuses on children with special needs rights and needs in Saudi Arabia and the role of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in meeting and protecting their rights. This research represents the first research in this area. The research aims to examine the rights and needs of children with special needs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Extensive quantitative and qualitative data collected from Saudi Arabia children special needs sector using semi-structured questionnaires, focus groups and in-depth interviews. The collected data analysis with outcome of the literature survey used to discuss the main outcome of the research. A number of conclusions have been drawn from this research. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has taken several steps towards ensuring children with special needs rights and needs such as the introduction of inclusion of children with special needs with the main stream primary school education. However, the child with special needs in the Kingdom is still in its early stage in the Kingdom. The Saudi parents with children with special needs under stress due to a lack of appropriate policies and guidelines for their children with special needs. The research has identified social barriers as one of the main obstacles for children with special needs rights and needs. The research also provides practical recommendation for prompting children with special needs in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Alderson, Gina A. (Gina Anne) Carleton University Dissertation Sociology. "Rights v. needs; dependency and inequality in divorce policy." Ottawa, 1986.

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Barnard, Benjamin. "Do rights-based moralities cause climate change? : balancing the rights of current persons and the needs of future generations." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/21286/.

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This thesis explores the relationship between rights-based moral systems and climate change. It argues that supporters of rights-based moralities must give the realisation of rights priority over non-rights-based moral concerns. It further contends that future persons cannot possess rights that would place current persons under correlative duties towards them before their conception. The thesis then highlights that climate change will need to be combatted through programmes of adaptation and mitigation. Unfortunately, the majority of those protected by such programmes will be future persons. It is therefore argued that rights-based moralities struggle to endorse – and might even actively oppose – the imposition by states of extensive programmes of adaptation and mitigation. Such programmes actively and directly restrict the realisation of the rights of many current persons. Even if this were not the case, supporters of rights are unable to justify the kind of spending that would be needed to finance those aspects of adaptation and mitigation which aim to benefit future persons while the fundamental rights of a great many current persons go unmet due to a lack of funds. As a result, rights-based moralities must justify climate burdens solely through reference to current persons. It is argued that, in the case of Interest- and Choice-based theories of rights, this would encourage an increase in emissions through the implication that pollution was permissible provided adaptation burdens were met. Alternatively, support for a rights-based morality akin to that put forward by Robert Nozick would enable us to implement mitigation, but the system’s disavowal of positive rights would simultaneously cause excessive harm to the wellbeing of many. The inability of rights-based moralities to deal with climate change in an effective and ethical manner leads us to question their legitimacy more generally.
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Hamilton, Arthur. "India and Intellectual Disability: An Intersectional Comparison of Disability Rights Law and Real Needs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40282.

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Given its vast population, India has one of the highest absolute numbers of people with intellectual disability (PwIDs) in the world. Studies have placed the prevalence as high as 3.1% of children aged between 2 to 5 years and 5.2% of children aged between 6 to 9 years. India recently passed the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act), to align itself with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. This thesis applied the complementary methods of the review of academic and grey literature, document analysis of the RPwD Act, and in-depth informant interviews to become the first full study on the extent to which the RPwD Act meets the needs of PwIDs. Drawing on the biopsychosocial model of disability and intersectional theory, the findings show that the RPwD Act only partially meets the needs of PwIDs. The RPwD Act does incorporate progressive elements such as affirmative action provisions in the labour market, measures to prevent unethical research on PwIDs, and steps toward inclusive education. However, the Act stipulates a disability certification process that remains mired in the medical model of disability and is mostly inaccessible in rural areas. It also continues the system of legal guardianship dating to the colonial era which deprives many PwIDs of legal capacity and leaves some of them confined to long-term institutions with highly inadequate levels of care. Other problems in the Act include inadequate provisions to provide privacy, reproductive rights and education, and protection from discrimination.
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Tomalty, Jesse. "On subsistence and human rights." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2556.

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The central question I address is whether the inclusion of a right to subsistence among human rights can be justified. The human right to subsistence is conventionally interpreted as a fundamental right to a basic living standard characterized as having access to the material means for subsistence. It is widely thought to entail duties of protection against deprivation and duties of assistance in acquiring access to the material means for subsistence (Shue 1996, Nickel, 2004, Griffin 2008). The inclusion of a right to subsistence among human rights interpreted in this way has been met with considerable resistance, particularly on the part of those who argue that fundamental rights cannot entail positive duties (Cranston 1983, Narveson 2004, O’Neill 1996, 2000, 2005). My purpose in this dissertation is to consider whether a plausible interpretation of the human right to subsistence can succeed in overcoming the most forceful and persistent objections to it. My main thesis is that a minimal interpretation of the human right to subsistence according to which it is a right not to be deprived of access to the means for subsistence provides the strongest interpretation of this right. Although the idea that the human right to subsistence correlates with negative duties is not new, discussion of these duties has been overshadowed in the literature by debate over the positive duties conventionally thought to be entailed by it. I show that the human right to subsistence interpreted as a right not to be deprived of access to the means for subsistence makes an important contribution to reasoning about the normative implications of global poverty.
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Kitsiou, Maria. "Children of a lesser school : An interdisciplinary study on disability in the Greek educational reality." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117416.

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ABSTRACT What is the situation for disabled children in the Greek educational system today, in the aftermath of the deep-seated socio-economic crisis? The present study is going to give an insight in children disability and how this is handled by the Greek educational system. To specify and illustrate the need for a qualitative perspective, it is necessary to take into consideration not only the exact numbers of disabled students and schools existing for them, along with the usefulness and functionality of their facilities, but also different qualitative aspects and intersecting parameters determining the attitude towards those children, such as gender, sexuality, age and bodily ability; all of them contributing to a specific collective mind-set that has arisen from a nexus of economical, educational, European and local structures, and their upheaval. This is such a study, providing a limited, but qualitative picture of the situation from an intersectional Gender Studies perspective onto legislative documents, the experiences of a few current educational practitioners (herein interviewed), and onto the state of the art of existing research on the topic which is mostly quantitative and statistics-based.  The over-arching question, guiding this investigation, is how the educational rights and well-fare of children with special educational needs, are practiced, cared for and discussed in the present Greek educational system with regard to intersectional gender concerns of inclusion and/or integration. This study hopes thus to provide an interdisciplinary snap-shot of the educational situation for disabled children in a disabled societal context.
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Mahadew, Roopanand. "Land grabbing in Ethiopia and Madagascar: Balancing respect for human rights of victims with development needs through land investments." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7598.

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Doctor Legum - LLD
Many African states are in dire need of economic development to alleviate poverty, enhance the quality of life of peoples and bring development home. To meet this aim, land investments have been the preferred mode of development for a long time on the African continent with particular reference to Ethiopia and Madagascar as selected case studies of this study. Hectares of land are being given away to foreign investors involved in agricultural investments through investments treaties and contracts. The aim is primarily to attract foreign direct investments to boost the economy. Unfortunately, this seems to be a skewed vision of development, focusing exclusively on economic development without any consideration to social, cultural and political development of people, especially local communities. Such a narrow mode of development is not in line with human rights principles and considerations with thousands of people of the two countries having their basic human rights being constantly and irreparably violated by the actions of foreign investors involved in land investments. Their lands are being grabbed and this is entailing a series of other major infringements of civil and political as well as socio-economic rights intrinsically linked to land. Ethiopia and Madagascar are both parties to major legal instruments on human rights at the UN and the African level. They have legal obligations to respect, protect and fulfil human rights that are being violated on a daily basis by land grabbing. In addition, their domestic legal frameworks are supposed to confer adequate and effective protection to those human rights and protect them from the negative impacts of land grabbing. When such a mode of economic development is resulting in basic human rights violations, it is clear that such development is not aligned with an all-inclusive and encompassing mode of development. To this end, this study adopts Sen’s Capability Approach to development which advocates that development should render people free and capable. Individuals have capabilities which must be enhanced and protected. In the context of land grabbing, land, water, food, culture and political participation have been identified as the human capabilities which require the utmost form of protection and respect. The thesis investigates the ways in which international and domestic legal frameworks on human rights can be used to protect the selected capabilities. While economic development in the form of investments and FDI is necessary in any country, there is a pressing need for such national economic interests to be balanced with human rights of local communities who are the main victims of land grabbing. Accordingly, in terms of the central research question, the study, with references to the two selected jurisdictions, investigates how African states should take appropriate measures and steps to ensure that land investments are compliant with their obligations under international human rights normative framework in a way that renders local communities “capable” in line with Sen’s Capability Approach. In terms of methodology, desk research is used based on reports and data that international research institutions have presented on land grabbing. The common capabilities that are violated in the two jurisdictions are singled out and eventually analysed in line with international human rights framework including the right to development, the right to land, the right to food, the right to water, the right to culture and the right to political participation. The main aim is to examine how a balanced mode of development as proposed by Sen can be achieved using the international framework on human rights, the right to development specifically and the domestic legal framework of the countries. The study concludes that the human rights framework protecting the identified capabilities is not being effectively complied with by the two selected states. In addition, their domestic legislative framework on human rights is not in conformity and harmony with international standards set by treaties and treaties bodies. Accordingly, the study proposes a number of measures that could be taken by states to achieve the balance between national development interests and human rights.
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Gal, Tali, and tali gal@anu edu au. "Victims to Partners: Child Victims and Restorative Justice." The Australian National University. Research School of Social Sciences, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20061114.100521.

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Children belong to one of the most vulnerable population groups to crime. Child victims of crime have to overcome the difficulties emerging from their victimization as well as those resulting from their participation in the adversarial criminal justice process. Child victims are typically treated by legal systems as either mere witnesses -- prosecutorial instruments -- or as objects of protection. Children's human rights and their needs beyond immediate protection are typically ignored. ¶ This thesis combines an examination of children's human rights (articulated largely in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child) with a review of psycho-social literature on children's needs. It integrates the two disciplines thus creating a `needs-rights' model regarding child victims. This model is then used to evaluate the criminal justice process and its successes (and failures) in meeting the needs and rights of child victims. Such an integrated needs-rights evaluation identifies not only the difficulties associated with testifying in court and being interviewed multiple times. It goes beyond these topical issues, and uncovers other shortcomings of the current legal system such as the lack of true participation of child victims in the decision-making process, the neglect of rehabilitative and developmental interests of victimized children, and the inherent inability of the adversarial process to seek proactively the best interests of child victims. ¶ The thesis further explores an alternative to the criminal justice process -- that of restorative justice -- and examines its applicability to child victims. Unlike the criminal justice paradigm, restorative justice fosters the equal participation of the stakeholders (in particular victims, offenders and their communities), and focuses on their emotional and social rehabilitation while respecting their human rights. To explore the suitability of restorative justice for child victims, five restorative justice schemes from New Zealand, Australia and Canada and their evaluation studies are reviewed. Each of these schemes has included child victims, and most of them have dealt with either sexual assaults of children or family violence and abuse. Yet each of the evaluated schemes illuminates different concerns and proposes varying strategies for meeting the needs-rights of child victims. ¶ While these schemes demonstrate the significant potential of restorative justice to better address the full scope of the needs and rights of child victims, they uncover emerging concerns as well. Therefore, in the last part of the thesis, the needs-rights model is used once again to derive subsidiary principles for action, to maximize the benefits of restorative justice for child victims and minimize the related risks. A complex set of needs and rights is managed by a method of grouping them into needs-rights clusters and deriving from them simple heuristics for practitioners to follow. This clustering method of needs-rights-heuristics is a methodological contribution of the research to the psychology of law.
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Books on the topic "Needs-rights"

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Stavenhagen, Rodolfo. Needs, rights and social development. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2003.

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Needs, rights, and the market. Boulder, Colo: L. Rienner, 1988.

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Mary, Langan, ed. Welfare: Needs, rights, and risks. London: Routledge in association with the Open University, 1998.

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Animal Rights: What everyone needs to know. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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Galtung, Johan. Human rights in another key. Oxford: Polity Press, 1994.

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Feldman, Jean R. Basic needs. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Pub., 2010.

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Butler, Frances. Human rights: Who needs them? : using human rights in the voluntary sector. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2004.

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Glatter, Jackie. Support - dignity - independence - rights: Needs Must campaign pack. [London]: [RADAR], 1997.

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Riddell, Sheila. Autonomy, Rights and Children with Special Educational Needs. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55825-3.

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Nowak, Manfred, and Ursula Werther-Pietsch. All human rights for all: Vienna guidebook on peaceful and inclusive societies : a project in the framework of the Vienna Human Rights Master. Vienna, Austria: NWV Verlag GmbH, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Needs-rights"

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Ramaekers, Stefan, and Judith Suissa. "Rights, Needs and Duties." In The Claims of Parenting, 99–123. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2251-4_5.

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Schuppert, Fabian. "Needs, Interests and Rights." In Freedom, Recognition and Non-Domination, 61–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6806-2_3.

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Drake, Robert F. "Rights, Needs and Empowerment." In The Principles of Social Policy, 83–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-12189-9_5.

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Boushel, Margaret. "Young Children's Rights and Needs." In Focus on Early Childhood: Principles and Realities, 93–107. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470690321.ch7.

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Spalek, Basia. "Victims’ Needs and Victims’ Rights." In Crime Victims, 115–33. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-20450-8_7.

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Schaber, Peter. "Human Rights and Basic Needs." In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 109–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8672-0_8.

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Singh, Shweta. "When Rights and Needs Collide." In A Child's Right to a Healthy Environment, 123–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6791-6_6.

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Bronkhorst, Ruud. "Ethics: Human Rights and Basic Needs." In The Economics of Human Rights, 7–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59166-3_2.

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Kottow, Miguel. "Rights and Duties, Needs, and Merits." In SpringerBriefs in Public Health, 13–21. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2026-2_2.

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Allsobrook, Christopher. "Duty to Human Needs from African Rights." In Towards an African Political Philosophy of Needs, 187–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64496-3_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Needs-rights"

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Sukardi. "Human Rights and Biological Needs of Prisoners." In The 2nd International Conference of Law, Government and Social Justice (ICOLGAS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.307.

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De Gaay Fortman, Bas, and Berma Klein Goldewijk. "FROM NEEDS TO RIGHTS: THE CHALLENGE OF IMPLEMENTING ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RIGHTS." In Proceedings of the Forty-Eighth Pugwash Conference on Science and World Affairs. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812810212_0037.

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Paiusescu, Cristina�Anca. "ENVIRONMENTAL�CONCERNS�IN�PROTECTING�HUMAN�RIGHTS.��PRESENT�NEEDS�FOR�DEVELOPMENT�MUST�NOT�COMPROMISE�THE�NEEDS�OF�FUTURE�GENERATIONS.�CASE�ALBURNUS�MAIOR��." In SGEM2012 12th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference and EXPO. Stef92 Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2012/s20.v5051.

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"APPLYING MEDICINE 2.0 TO THE I-CAN - Managing the Needs and Rights of End Users." In 6th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0002844301440149.

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Oneț, Romana. "Perspectives on Socio-Educational Inclusion of Children with Special Educational Needs." In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/54.

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The socio-educational inclusion of children with special educational needs is an insufficiently explored topic in Romania, despite the fact that we are part of many international organizations that support human rights and an increasing number of nationally ratified conventions. This paper aims to capture the perception and attitude of teachers on the rights and possibilities of these children to integrate into mainstream education, identifying obstacles and possible solutions. The study was conducted through an opinion poll and a focus group with the participation of teachers from mainstream education units.The main conclusions show that regular education will not be able to integrate children with special educational needs, in the absence of differentiated teaching/ learning, programs and assessments tailored to the specifics of each child, a thorough training of teachers and support of specialized staff, parents and community.
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Komilzhonov, Rafael'. "COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE SYSTEM OF CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATION." In Current problems of jurisprudence. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02058-6/187-198.

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The article is devoted to the problems of constitutional and legal regulation of the institution of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russia and some foreign countries. It is noted that the status of the Ombudsman is defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation in the most general terms and needs to be clarified. The author of the article suggests considering the introduction of legal liability for officials who do not comply with the decisions of the Commissioner for Human Rights, hinder his activities or clearly violate the rights and freedoms of a person and citizen.
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Lingerfelt, James A. "Challenge of emerging technologies: balancing the needs of law enforcement against the duty to protect individual rights." In Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, edited by Trudy K. Overlin and Kathryn J. Stevens. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.263465.

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Ernesontha, Youlenta, Nurul Kurniati, and Mufdlilah Mufdlilah. "Disability Perception in Sexuality and Reproductive Health Needs: A Scoping Review." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.07.

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Background: Persons with disability are every person who experiences physical, intellectual, mental, and/ or sensory limitations for a long period of time. These people may experience obstacles and difficulties to participate fully and effectively with other citizens based on equal rights. This study aimed to review the disability perception in sexuality and reproductive health needs. Subjects and Method: This was a scoping review study using the Arksey and O’Malley framework. The framework used to manage research questions was Population, Exposure, Outcome dan Study Design (PEOS). A total of 3 databases, namely Science Direct, PubMed, and Whiley were selected for this study. The data were collected by identifying relevant articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: People with disability were human beings who can feel biological needs. Negative stigma from family, health workers, and parents were a very perceived barrier for people with disabilities. These people need to receive special attention regarding information and application of health sexual and reproductive health. Access to information can be applied in communities that gather a large number of people with disability so that it is easy for them to get information on their reproductive needs and rights. Conclusion: People with disability need special attention regarding information and application of sexuality and safe reproductive health. Keywords: persons with disability, sexuality and reproductive health Correspondence: Youlenta Ernesontha. Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Email: Youlenta0110@gmail.com. Mobile: 085245639293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.07
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Straus, Joseph. "Impact of Intellectual Property Rights on the National Science System." In Međunardona naučna konferencija: Sistem nauke-faktor poticaja ili ograničavanja razvoja. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2021.200.14.

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After using the 2020 developments of the COVID-19 vaccines as an example of successful cooperation between academia, industry and government for supporting research and translating its results into innovations assisted by patents, the article turns to the national science systems. First, it addresses the pioneering role of the 1945 “Science the Endless Frontier”, the Magna Carta of American Science and its patent policy. Retraced are the subsequent US developments revealing a gradual turn from incentivizing knowledge and technology transfer from government funded institutions to industry by allowing it only in the form of non-exclusive licenses, to imposing the public research sector an obligation to commercialize its research results by allowing exclusive licenses and assignments of intellectual property rights to private business. This all by recognizing and preserving academic freedom and inquiry. Next, it pays attention to developments in countries where legislators followed overall the US model. Finally, the contribution discusses the intellectual property rights system in the light of the specific needs of academic researchers.
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Simović, Miodrag N., and Jelena Kuprešanin. "PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA- MIGRATION MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN SOCIETY RECOVERING FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22444.

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Migration management, among others, is one of the challenges Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Western Balkan countries have faced in recent years. The uncertain and complex situation has been exacerbated by the corona virus pandemic, and existing material and human resources are now focused on repairing its consequences. The end of the pandemic remains uncertain, social problems are becoming more complex, and systemic support is needed for a growing number of different vulnerable categories in the country. The protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms is imperative, especially in times of crisis. Although significant activities have been implemented, they are still insufficient to adequately respond to migration management. The support of the international community remains necessary. Multisectoral action, coordination and sharing of experiences should be intensified. The European Commission’s 2021 Report for Bosnia and Herzegovina pointed to very limited progress in migration and asylum management and the need to significantly improve this area, ensure effective coordination and provide sufficient and adequate accommodation capacity. The response to the crisis during the outbreak of COVID-19 was assessed as satisfactory by the European community, and greater spread and more severe consequences for the migrant population were prevented. According to some reports, the rights of minorities and asylum seekers continue to be a serious concern for human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Unaccompanied children face specific challenges and vulnerabilities, and their protection and adequate response to their needs is one of the priorities for future action. Media coverage of migrants needs to be reviewed and directed in a way that is in line with the human rights of vulnerable categories and advocating the necessity of their protection. The media is one of the key links in monitoring the protection of human rights, but also in focusing on areas that require urgent action. Preventive activities should become an integral part of the strategic directions of local and national governments, and the support of the international community, cooperation, adequate assessment and protection of the best interests of all citizens are a prerequisite for social security in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
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Reports on the topic "Needs-rights"

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Barrow, Edmund. Environmental management needs the support of secure rights and appropriate governance. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134782.

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Zwitter, Andrej J. From Needs to Rights—A Socio-Legal Account of Bridging Moral and Legal Universalism via Ethical Pluralism. Librello, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12924/pag2013.01010074.

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Martin, Anne C., and Kevin Deasy. Seeking the Balance Between Government and Industry Interests in Software Acquisitions. Volume 1. A Basis for Reconciling DoD and Industry Needs for Rights in Software. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada185742.

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Batliwala, Srilatha. Transformative Feminist Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/2.

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The words of ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu make the simplest, yet most profound, case for transformation – a change of direction, a fundamental shift in the nature or character of something, recasting the existing order and ways of doing things. This is what the world needs now, as institutions and systems of the past century prove unable to address the challenges of impending planetary disaster, persistent poverty, pandemics, rising fundamentalism and authoritarianism, wars, and everyday violence. Against a background of a worldwide backlash against women’s rights, gender parity in leadership positions – in legislatures, corporations, or civil society – has proved inadequate, as women in these roles often reproduce dominant patriarchal leadership models or propagate ideologies and policies that do not actually advance equality or universal human rights. What is required is truly transformative, visionary leadership, whereby new paradigms, relationships and structures are constructed on the basis of peace, planetary health, and social and economic justice.
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Wong, Xaria, and Iulia Andreea Toma. Gender and Protection Analysis: Juba, Rumbek and Pibor, South Sudan. Oxfam, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8946.

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This research was conducted to analyse the distinct gender needs and protection concerns of women, girls, men and boys in order to inform the implementation by Oxfam and its partners of the Sida-funded project, ‘Building resilience through gender- and conflict-sensitive approaches to education, skills development, and sustainable livelihoods in South Sudan’. It explores the gendered power relations between women, girls, men and boys, with a focus on the differences in their roles and responsibilities, decision-making power and access to and control over resources. It draws attention to the limited decision-making power held by women and girls, their specific needs, and the rights denials they face pertaining to education and livelihoods in Juba, Rumbek and Pibor. It provides practical recommendations to meaningfully address gender inequalities during project implementation, but is also intended to be used by the broader humanitarian community working in South Sudan to better inform humanitarian design, programming and response.
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Rohwerder, Brigitte. Inclusion of Marginalised Groups in Social Assistance in Crises. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.023.

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Leave no one behind is the central, transformative promise of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), aimed at reaching the poorest and combating discrimination and (multiple and intersecting) inequalities that undermine people’s human rights. The importance of leaving no one behind is vital in contexts of recurrent shocks, climate and humanitarian crises, protracted conflict, and forced displacement that cause disruption, deprivation, and a lack of access to basic needs. Crises often exacerbate existing inequalities and vulnerabilities for socially excluded and marginalised people, including women and girls, children and youth, older people, people with disabilities, ethnic and religious minorities, and sexual and gender minorities. Social assistance, in the form of government provided or humanitarian assistance, seeks to alleviate crisis impacts. The structures, systems, and barriers that exclude some people generally can also exclude them from social assistance in crises. Such exclusion, both before and during a crisis, can increase deprivation, reduce resilience to shocks, and exacerbate protection risks by increasing people’s vulnerability to exploitation and abuse. Crises, consequently, can disproportionately impact marginalised people. A lack of inclusive social assistance programming thus undermines rights, ethics, and effectiveness in crises – as explored in this summary briefing of the three BASIC Research working papers on inclusion.
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Ghosh, Arijeet, Madhurima Dhanuka, Sai Bourothu, Fernando Lannes Fernandes, Niyati Singh, and Chenthil Kumar. Lost Identity: Transgender Persons Inside Indian Prisons. Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001185.

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This report sheds light on challenges faced by Transgender persons in Indian prisons. The report analyses the international and legal frameworks in the country which provide the foundation for policy formulations with regard to confinement of LGBT+ persons, with particular reference to the Transgender community. This report also documents the responses received to right to information requests filed to prison headquarters across the country, which in addition to providing the number of Transgender prisoners in Indian prisons between 1st May 2018 to 30th April 2019, also provides relevant information on compliance within prisons with existing legal frameworks relevant to protecting the rights of Transgender persons in prisons, especially in terms of recognition of a third gender, allocation of wards, search procedures, efforts towards capacity building of prison administrators etc. The finalisation of this report has involved an intense consultative process with individuals and experts, including representatives from the community, community-based organisations as well as researcher and academicians working on this issue. This report aims to enhance the understanding of these issues among stakeholders such as prison administrators, judicial officers, lawyers, legal service providers as well as other non-state actors. It is aimed at better informed policy making, and ensuring that decisions made with respect to LGBTI+ persons in prisons recognize and are sensitive of their rights and special needs.
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Kohlitz, Jeremy, Naomi Carrard, and Juliet Willett. Support Mechanisms to Strengthen Equality and Non-Discrimination (EQND) in Rural Sanitation (Part 2 of 2). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.003.

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A renewed focus on equity is being driven by the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation framework and Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, which emphasise the importance of adequate and equitable sanitation for all. However, as raised in Part 1 of this issue on equality and non-discrimination (EQND), there is evidence that CLTS processes for achieving community-wide outcomes are not always systematic, adequate, sustained, or sufficient to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups. A compilation of 50 CLTS and rural sanitation programmes around the world that significantly used support mechanisms was gathered to inform this issue. Our rapid review of the programmes found that although numerous trials existed, few had been taken to scale, few were located outside of Asia, and many did not have disaggregated monitoring and evaluation information that is publicly shared or collected at all. This issue therefore emphasises the importance of monitoring, evaluating and knowledge sharing processes in building an evidence base for facilitating equitable rural sanitation outcomes.
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Colaço, Rajeev, and Stephanie Watson-Grant. A Global Call to Action for Gender-Inclusive Data Collection and Use. RTI Press, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.pb.0026.2112.

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The global data community has made—and is continuing to make—enormous strides toward collecting, analyzing, and using sex-disaggregated data to improve international development programs. Historically, however, sex-disaggregation has been—and largely continues to be—a binary representation of cisgender female and cisgender male populations. This binary interpretation excludes transgender and gender-nonconforming people and further perpetuates marginalization and discrimination of these populations. In a world where disparities are increasing, it is paramount to highlight and share the experiences of marginalized populations so we are better able to serve all beneficiary needs and end disparities. To this end, we call for a paradigm shift from binary sex-disaggregation to multinomial gender-disaggregation, which is more inclusive and equitable. This call to action is aimed particularly at surveyors, researchers, program implementors, policy makers, and gender rights advocates in both resource-sufficient and resource-constrained settings. The lack of adequate gender-disaggregated data is a universal problem.
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Hayes, Anne M. Assessment as a Service Not a Place: Transitioning Assessment Centers to School-Based Identification Systems. RTI Press, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.op.0064.2004.

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The World Health Organization and World Bank (2011) estimate that there are more than 1 billion people with disabilities in the world. To address this population’s diverse needs, the United Nations drafted their Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) in 2006. Article 24 (Education) of the CRPD requires ratifying countries to develop an inclusive education system to address the educational needs of students with disabilities alongside their peers without disabilities. Despite substantive improvements and movement toward inclusive education, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to struggle with accurately identifying and supporting students with disabilities, including knowing how to effectively screen, evaluate, and qualify students for additional services (Hayes, Dombrowski, Shefcyk, & Bulat, 2018a). These challenges stem from the lack of policies, practices, and qualified staff related to screening and identification. As a result, many students with less-apparent disabilities—such as children with learning disabilities—remain unidentified and do not receive the academic supports they need to succeed in school (Friend & Bursuck, 2012). This guide attempts to address the lack of appropriate, useful disability screening and identification systems and services as countries look to educate all students in inclusive settings. Specifically, this guide introduces viable options for screening and identification related to vision, hearing, and learning disabilities in inclusive classrooms in LMICs. It also provides guidance on how LMICs can transition from an assessment-center model toward a school-based identification model that better serves an inclusive education system.
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