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Journal articles on the topic 'Needs of viticulture'
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Zemánek, Pavel, and Patrik Burg. "Evaluation of mechanical harvesting in viticulture." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 4 (2005): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553040191.
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Harvesting by mashine was in CZ tested at bygones century (70th). Tests rekord were bad (high share of leaf, detritus of concrete column, losses of berries).Lasting fall of worker in agriculture and vehement growth floricultural surfaces – vineyard (somewhere 19.000 hectare), requires complex rationalization and mechanization of all works stages which needs needlework. Harvisting in viniculture needs perhaps 30% of all working time (200–250 o‘clock on 1 hectare). Incidence thereof begun most of bigger producers in our country with mechanical harvisting. Technical performance of this machines turn up. There are not available data about costs and their work quality.The benefit deal with classification of mechanical harvesting (juice adhering, berries lost, damage of vineyard) transaction by the help of semi-trailer and self-propelled harvesters.
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Santillán, D., V. Sotés, A. Iglesias, and L. Garrote. "Adapting viticulture to climate change in the Mediterranean region: Evaluations accounting for spatial differences in the producers-climate interactions." BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191201001.
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Effective adaptation of viticulture to climate change requires impact and response scenarios. Although climate and production impact scenarios are based on the evaluation of a spatially heterogeneous system, conventional response scenarios do not take into account the variation of the producers-climate interactions. These interactions are often extremely heterogeneous and unevenly distributed in space, leading to errors in the needs and adaptation plans, especially in large areas. Here we develop a novel framework for adaptation that considers the heterogeneity of the responses given by producers to climate, and applies the concept to adaptation of viticulture to climate change in the Mediterranean region. We use future climate scenarios at 0.5 ∘ resolution to estimate the adaptation of viticulture by the end of the 21st century. Results suggest that most of the Mediterranean region may urgently need adaptation plans, leading to potential opportunities. By incorporating spatially explicit information on the diversity of viticulture systems, management practices, and climate vulnerability, this approach may contribute to adaptation policy.
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Schultz, Hans R. "Climate Change and Viticulture: Research Needs for Facing the Future." Journal of Wine Research 21, no. 2-3 (November 2010): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2010.530093.
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Basso, Matteo. "From daily land-use practice to global phenomenon. On the origin and recent evolution of prosecco’s wine landscape (Italy)." Miscellanea Geographica 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2018-0013.
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Abstract In recent years Prosecco, the renowned Italian sparkling wine, has become an increasingly popular product globally, leading to a massive expansion of viticulture within Prosecco’s production zones (north-eastern Italy). Through qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper provides the first empirical analysis of the landscape and land-use modifications generated by the planting of new vineyards. Specifically, it seeks to reconstruct both the long-term historical factors that brought about the emergence of the specific winescape (today a candidate for becoming a UNESCO World Heritage Site), and the recent conversion of croplands, grassland, and woodland to wine-growing areas. The landscape, particularly on the plains, is radically changing due to the new, large geometric plantations that are perfectly suited to mechanical viticulture. This paper’s conclusions argue for overall regulation of such a booming monoculture in order to effectively harmonize the production needs of wine-growers with the needs of other land-uses (mostly residential), and to protect the historical landscape patterns and ecological biodiversity.
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Litskas, Vassilis, Athanasia Mandoulaki, Ioannis N. Vogiatzakis, Nikolaos Tzortzakis, and Menelaos Stavrinides. "Sustainable Viticulture: First Determination of the Environmental Footprint of Grapes." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 8812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218812.
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We present for the first time the environmental footprint (EF) of grapes following the methodology proposed by the EU and life cycle assessment (LCA). We used data from three different production systems, conventional high- or low-input and organic from vineyards on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The life cycle inventory (LCI) data were retrieved from the recently released AGRIBALYSE database, and the EF was determined with the Open LCA software. The system boundary was from “cradle to winery door” and the functional unit was 1 ton of grapes delivered to the winery. Organic grape production had the lowest values for most of the 16 EF impact categories. Machinery, fuel, and sulfur production and use were identified as EF hotspots for organic grapes. Fertilizer production and use were identified as EF hotspots for high-input grape production. The EF impact category values for low-input grapes showed similarities with organic production. Future research needs to enrich the LCI databases with data more applicable to the methods and inputs applied in Mediterranean agriculture.
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Etchebarne, F., P. Aveni, J. L. Escudier, and H. Ojeda. "Reuse of treated wastewater in viticulture: Can it be an alternative source of nutrient-rich water?" BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191201009.
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Water scarcity is a global problem, which leads to unprecedented pressure on water supply in arid and semi-arid regions. Treating wastewater is an alternative and valuable water resource, therefore its reuse for agricultural irrigation has been growing worldwide since the beginning of the 21st century. In several regions of the wine-producing countries subject to significant water stress (e.g., Australia, California-USA, Spain), wastewater recycling appears to be the most accessible alternative, both financially and technically, for the agricultural uses that notably not requiring drinking water. Therefore, this research was planned to quantify the contribution of treated wastewater (TWW) to fertilization-needs of the vine, evaluate the impact of irrigation with TWW on the soil, vegetative growth, yield, and wine and grape juice composition. The results provide scientific and technical knowledge on a strategy of water management with high added value. The fertilizer contribution of the TWW would be important, according to the plant's nutrient needs (e.g., in this study 19–39 Unit N, 0.5–1.1 Unit P and 14–28 Unit K ha−1 were supplied with TWW). Ensuring treated wastewater microbiological quality is essential, but without reducing of its nutrients. These nutrients would be a valuable input for crop growth and yield, and could reduce the need to resort for inorganic/synthetic fertilizers. A sustainable use of treated wastewater over the long term would, however, necessitate a good practice guidelines and an integrated vision of treated wastewater quality, crops, irrigation and post-harvest practices.
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Bondarenko, S. A. "INTEGRATED MARKETING ADMINISTRATION AS A NEW HOLISTIC CONCEPT OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF WINEMAKING ENTERPRISES." Economic innovations 19, no. 2(64) (July 7, 2017): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2017.19.2(64).25-31.
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The sectoral structural model of adjacent markets of the wine industry is considered. System imbalance was detected at all levels of vertical integration. It is proved that the regulatory influence on the development of viticulture and winemaking should be focused on the conditions and behavior of the industry and directly or indirectly affect the efficiency of their business processes. It is important to consider integration processes that reflect the levels and the nature of the interaction of market mechanisms of self-regulation and regulatory influences on the part of the state. The main tendencies and problems of development of domestic viticulture and winemaking are highlighted. Trends in winemaking are the reduction of the vineyard area, the imbalance in the varietal composition of the vineyards, which significantly reduces the production potential of domestic winemaking and reflects on the quality and competitiveness of domestic winemaking products. The promotion of winemaking products in the domestic market is slow. Attempts to enter the domestic wine on the foreign market are more spontaneous than a meaningful planned character. The solution of these problems lies within two interconnected areas: on the one hand, the improvement of product quality by the introduction of innovative technologies under continuous scientific support, and, on the other hand, the adaptation of the scientific and experimental process to the needs of a market economy by the transition to an innovative development model. The importance of formation of the market of wine-making products, its balancing with the market of viticulture with the use of marketing tools for managing the effective development of enterprises of the wine-making industry is proved. The essence and possible directions of implementation of the integrated marketing management as the latest holistic conception for activation of innovative development of winemaking enterprises of Ukraine are substantiated. Integrated marketing management (implementation of planned, regulated, coordinated impact on the consumer) is the basis for balancing demand-supply, regulation of export-import activity, innovation development of the industry. Such an approach enables to reconcile long-term industrial goals of development, to determine the current tasks, to make informed management decisions. The concept of holistic marketing focuses on ensuring a balance of interests of all market participants, increasing the competitiveness of the food sector of the economy, developing its resource and investment opportunities, and also provides the necessary feedback to consumers in the regional food market. Taking into account the vertically integrated interaction of adjacent markets in the field of viticulture and winemaking, the holistic concept should include blocks, according to the levels of marketing management, taking into account both horizontal and vertical (raw) integration: international, macromarketing (state / regional), mesomarketing (sectoral - integration of adjacent markets), micro-marketing.
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Tee, E., A. M. Boland, and A. Medhurst. "Voluntary adoption of Environmental Management Systems in the Australian wine and grape industry depends on understanding stakeholder objectives and drivers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 3 (2007): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06024.
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In recent years, members of the Australian wine and grape industry have been encouraged to participate in a range of Environmental Management System (EMS)-type programs. These have been sponsored by a variety of stakeholders including government organisations, environmental non-government organisations, industry associations and large corporations. Collectively, these stakeholders have a diverse range of objectives they are seeking to address through the adoption of EMS by grape growers. These objectives range from natural resource management outcomes through to maintenance of market access and meeting investor expectations. However, these stakeholder objectives may not align to the individual needs of grape growers, nor to the drivers that may influence the adoption of an EMS by such individuals. To date, there has been variable success with voluntary adoption of EMS (or similar concepts) across viticulture regions throughout Australia. This paper seeks to clarify this variability based on an assessment of the needs and circumstances of various industry groups associated with EMS initiatives. A conceptual framework is proposed which categorises these particular needs according to different scales of influence (e.g. industry, region, business and individual). In addition, the drivers that operate at the individual grower level are further explored through a qualitative field study. This study has implications for the design and promotion of EMS programs for the wine and grape and other agricultural industries. It is clear that a ‘one size fits all’ approach will not meet the varying needs and objectives of all industry participants. Furthermore, grape growers may not perceive a need to change and, therefore, are yet to identify any benefits from voluntary adoption of an EMS. Alternative mechanisms such as market-based or regulatory instruments may need to be considered, dependent on the objectives that are sought.
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Dunn, M. R., J. A. Lindesay, and M. Howden. "Spatial and temporal scales of future climate information for climate change adaptation in viticulture: a case study of User needs in the Australian winegrape sector." Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research 21, no. 2 (April 20, 2015): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12138.
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Jovović, Radislav, and Dragoljub Janković. "Swot analysis and identification of the needs, potential and development strategies of the fruit and vegetable sector in Montenegro." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 7, no. 2-3 (September 30, 2013): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2013/2-3/2.
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Fruit and vegetable production in Montenegro benefits from naturally favourable conditions in terms of climate, soil and water resources. Such conditions enable high quality fruit, vegetables and vines to be grown, and fruit and vegetable production and viticulture have a long tradition as well as the cultivation of a wide assortment of produce. A significant number of Montenegrin households therefore deal with horticultural and wine production, although on a small-scale. Along with the global market trends, the level of domestic consumption, the expected evolution of the distribution system in Montenegro and the planned dynamic developments in the tourist sector, these natural conditions contribute to creating basic conditions for the development of the considered sector. Market opportunities are favourable and represent an additional contributing factor towards its development. In spite of the favourable climate for production in this sector and the supportive market opportunities, the real value of Montenegrin products at sector level is quite low. We conduct a SWOT analysis of the sector aimed to find out its potential as well as the needs of the sector. Our starting hypothesis is that the potential of this sector in Montenegro is greater than current activity/production, and that suitable strategies can provide higher results in this sector. The main outcome of this paper will be our suggestions for improvement within the sector. The SWOT analysis will be completed according to the PESTEL categorisation, after which Opportunities and Threats will be grouped into three major strategic categories: “New market trends”, “Sector financing” and “Structure and functioning of the value chain”. The SWOT analysis outcomes, when regarded alongside a review of global market trends and domestic production potential, lead to strategies for the improvement of the sector.
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Maciejczak, Mariusz, Tadeusz Filipiak, and Massimo Gardinam. "INCOME FROM VINEYARD FARMS ACCORDING TO ECONOMIC SIZE IN SELECTED EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (August 10, 2019): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3015.
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The wine sector is of great importance for many national economies of EU countries. The European Union is a world leader in area under grape cultivation and wine production. The goal of the paper was to determine the profitability of farms specializing in winegrape production depending on economic size in selected EU countries in the years 2004-2016. In addition, the level of farm income per 1 ha of viticulture was determined, as well as the level of family income and the share of total subsidies in total income. Overall, it was found that there was an increase in income, however income increased along with economic size. In the examined period, growth was only observed from the fourth economic class (EUR 50-100 thousand). Additionally, the share of income subsidies under CAP decreased along with economic size. The conducted research gave light to information that could prove vital to adapt the European vineyard and wine sector to the opportunities and needs of the market, namely by taking into account the links between economies of scale and economies of scope.
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Szakál, Zoltán. "The Present and Future of Tokay Aszú." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 12 (November 26, 2003): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/12/3434.
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Tokay wine is Hungary’s noblest wine. Beyond doubt, it is one of those uniquely Hungarian products, which has been without rival for centuries. Today the role of quality has become increasingly important and consumers who are ready to pay more for quality wines expect it. This wine will be able to get back its original popularity if the message of its excellence reaches the public. Knowledge of historical wine-producing regions constitutes a part of basic education and wine-marketing could take important measures to spread it since good products need to be sold properly and consumers require information about wines – with gastronomy – and wine producing regions.With foreign invested capital, advantageous changes have been started in Tokay-Hegyalja. However, there is much still to do in order to produce, sell and consume Tokay wine on such conditions that are really worthy of a Hungaricum. It is essential to approach the famous oenologists of Europe and the world and to establish suitable production conditions for every winegrower. In addition to following consciously prepared wine-marketing directions, our country needs to make an expected name for this Hungaricum. These aims are important mainly because of approaching EU-accession. There is timely to study on what conditions Hungarian viticulture and oenology could access. It would be a great success of the Hungarian delegation if they could make current Hungarian laws of Tokay-wine-production accepted in the EU. Of course, all of these would be valid after EU-accession. During the pre-accession period, our country needs to fulfil several stipulations. For example, origin-protection, establishment of a registry system, law harmonisation, development of an institutional system.Strengthening of home consumption has always been an inspirational tool in a product’s life cycle. It is important not only to take the requirements of foreigners into consideration and to produce for export, but we also need to satisfy the home market. Considerable stress should be laid on establishing and preserving viticulture. Increasingly, buyers expect high standards and they are ready to pay more for quality wines. They also demand appropriate professional information and consultation. So there is a lot to do and theoretical approach should be followed by action. In order to get to know what quality expectations exist, we have to examine the consumers of the Hungarian wine-market. Study of the Hungarian people’s consumption behaviour, referring to Tokay „aszú”, was closely connected with my work.Participants of my study were consumers who buy Tokay „aszú” mainly in shopping centres, supermarkets and low-price shops specified for wine selling. Wine shops have important roles as they give opportunity for salespersons to make closer relationships with buyers. These shops could be communication channels of spreading wine culture. It would be favourable if in every town or city there were at least one wine shop giving the opportunity of consultation besides commercial activity and also providing services that support the improvement of wine culture’s position. The majority of questioned people spend less than 4.000 Forints on buying of Tokay „aszú” in a year. Results of the questionnaire survey support the fact that there is a demand for these wine-specialities, but lack of money strongly effects demand.The Following summarises the history of Tokay wine, tasks of Hungary and the expected effects relating to EU-accession. Regulation of oenology and the wine-market, referring to quality wines and main results of the survey are also overviewed in the text.
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Pavloušek, Pavel. "First experiences with grape rootstocks x phylloxera interactions." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 5 (2005): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553050117.
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Grape phylloxera, Dactulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch., is one of most destructive insect pest of cultivated grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) worldwide. Phylloxera was the cause of incomparable structural changes in European viticulture. It also led to the usage of new biotechnology – rootstocks for grape varieties. The direct damage is related to phylloxera feeding of roots and leaves. Rootstocks bred solely with American Vitis spp. parentage allow little or none of phylloxera related root damage that is seen on Vitis vinifera. Rootstocks with partial Vitis vinifera parentage may also confer a high level of grape phylloxera resistance, but this resistance is not durable. Rootstock was evaluated under laboratory conditions and with pot trials. Resistance against phylloxera at roots and leaves was evaluated. Highest resistance degree was proved for variety Börner. Good resistance was found for most of tested rootstock varieties. Very good resistance have SO4 PO 0/7 and Craciunel 2 PO 0/6. It is interesting, that hybrid Kl×SO4 has also relatively good resistance. This promising franco-american needs further examination thanks to its good growing properties. After long time, this research offers new results about rootstock and phylloxera interactions under conditions of Southern Moravia. Results serve as a ground for further resistance breeding against phylloxera in Czech Republic.
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Reiff, Jo, Sebastian Kolb, Martin Entling, Thomas Herndl, Stefan Möth, Andreas Walzer, Matthias Kropf, Christoph Hoffmann, and Silvia Winter. "Organic Farming and Cover-Crop Management Reduce Pest Predation in Austrian Vineyards." Insects 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030220.
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Habitat simplification and intensive use of pesticides are main drivers of global arthropod declines and are, thus, decreasing natural pest control. Organic farming, complex landscapes, and local vineyard management practices such as implementation of flower-rich cover-crop mixtures may be a promising approach to enhance predator abundance and, therefore, natural pest control. We examined the effect of organic versus integrated management, cover-crop diversity in the vineyard inter-rows, and landscape composition on the natural pest control of Lobesia botrana eggs and pupae. Predation of L. botrana pupae was reduced by organic farming and species-poor cover-crops by about 10%. Predation rates of L. botrana eggs did not differ significantly in any of the studied management options. Dominant predators were earwigs (Forficulidae), bush crickets (Tettigoniidae), and ants (Formicidae). Negative effects of organic viticulture are most likely related to the negative nontarget effects on arthropods related to the frequent sulfur and copper applications in combination with the avoidance of strongly damaging insecticides by integrated winegrowers. While a 10% difference in predation rates on a single pest stage is unlikely to have strong practical implications, our results show that the assumed effectiveness of environmentally friendly agriculture needs to be evaluated for specific crops and regions.
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Nurwahyudi, Ragil, and Maryono Maryono. "A Resilience Pattern in Village level: The Case Babalan Village, Pati, Central Java Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183107005.
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Based on the Indonesia Disaster Prone Index 2013, Pati Regency is a high risk area of disaster and is ranked 11th level Central Java province while nationally ranked 156. Babalan Village located on the edge of Juwana River has disaster history from 2006-2014 shows flood disaster Giving the greatest probability and impact followed by rat pest, tornado, drought, fire. The public recognizes the signs of a continuous flooding of heavy rains accompanied by clouds all over the edge, the continuous rise of the Juwana River surface to overflow, ants, isoptera, and animals out of its nest, “Yuyu Bule”, earthworms out, clear water for “Rowo floods ”, Brownish water for the flash floods. Most residents have boats and can make rafts from makeshift materials (jerry cans, bamboo, banana stems). Make “Ranggon” at home for those who do not evacuate for a place to stay during the flood. Citizens elevate the kitchen (to evacuate people and goods / household furniture). Breeding Tyto Alba owl for rats pest control post-flood and controllers in the fields. Develop vegetable crops in the yard with viticulture pattern (upstairs) if flood can be moved and can eat vegetables during flood. Have food reserves for stock before outside help comes. Citizens initiate “Water Bath honesty” to meet the water needs during the dry season.
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Ghuffar, Salman, Gulshan Irshad, Farah Naz, and Muhammad Azam Khan. "Studies of Penicillium species associated with blue mold disease of grapes and management through plant essential oils as non-hazardous botanical fungicides." Green Processing and Synthesis 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0007.
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Abstract Blue mold caused by Penicillium species is a major fungal disease threatening the viticulture industry in Pakistan, responsible for deteriorating the quality of grapes during handling, transportation, and distribution. Identification-based approaches of Penicillium species provide a better strategy on accurate diagnosis and effective management. In this study, 13 isolates were recovered from symptomatic grape bunches at five main fruit markets of Rawalpindi district, Punjab province. Based on morphological data and multi-loci phylogenetic analysis, the isolates were identified as two distinct species viz. Penicillium expansum (eight isolates) and Penicillium crustosum (five isolates). Meanwhile, the pathogenicity test of Penicillium isolates presented by the inoculation of grape bunches showed various degrees of severity. For improving the fruit quality and eliminating the needs of synthetic fungicides, botanicals such as thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale L.), and carum (Carum capticum L.) essential oils (EOs) at concentrations of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 mg/mL were evaluated. In vitro studies indicated that thyme EO showed a highly significant reduction of fungal growth. Furthermore, the experiments related to reducing the decay development and average weight loss percentage of grapes revealed similar findings. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that thyme EO can be used as an eco-friendly botanical fungicide against Penicillium spp. causing blue mold disease.
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Kubíčková, Lea. "Limits of I-models Principles Application on Czech SMEs' Internationalization Process." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 4 (2014): 667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462040667.
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Internationalization process of small and medium sized enterprises is examined often in an effort to get detailed description of particular stages of this process. There are many authors who deal with the internationalization process theories. The most popular theory is so-called Uppsala Model (Johanson, Vahlne, 1977). Very popular is also a group of models based on theory of innovations, called I-models (Bilkey, Tesar, 1977). These models are based on the idea that the process of internationalization is gradual, sequential process built on innovative decisions relating to new company's needs, possibilities or new resources. The aim of this paper is to apply I-models principles on the internationalization process of Czech SMEs. There were processed data from the survey conducted in 2009-2012. The data were obtained from 385 Czech SMEs operating in the field of engineering, constructing, wood processing industry, food industry and viticulture. To apply the basic principles of the I-models to internationalization process of Czech SMEs it was necessary to determine if there are so-called Born Globals which deny the I-model's internationalization theories. It was necessary to examine motives of internationalization of Czech SMEs, to prove dependency between the number of years on the market and proactivity/reactivity of the motives for entering foreign markets. Processing obtained data did not enable to unequivocally confirm that the basic principles forming a keystone of the I-models are functional in the internationalization process of Czech SMEs.
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MacMillan, Phoebe, Generosa Teixeira, Carlos M. Lopes, and Ana Monteiro. "The role of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical traits in determining capacity for coping with abiotic stresses: a review." Ciência e Técnica Vitivinícola 36, no. 1 (2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ctv/ctv2021360175.
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Worldwide, there are thousands of Vitis vinifera grape cultivars used for wine production, creating a large morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular diversity that needs to be further characterised and explored, with a focus on their capacity to withstand biotic and abiotic stresses. This knowledge can then be used to select better adapted genotypes in order to help face the challenges of the expected climate changes in the near future. It will also assist grape growers in choosing the most suitable cultivar(s) for each terroir; with adaptation to drought and heat stresses being a fundamental characteristic. The leaf blade of grapevines is the most exposed organ to abiotic stresses, therefore its study regarding the tolerance to water and heat stress is becoming particularly important, mainly in Mediterranean viticulture. This review focuses on grapevine leaf morphoanatomy - leaf blade form, leaf epidermis characteristics (cuticle, indumentum, pavement cells and stomata) and anatomy of mesophyll - and their adaptation to abiotic stresses. V. vinifera xylem architecture and its adaptation capacity when the grapevine is subjected to water stress is also highlighted since grapevines have been observed to exhibit a large variability in responses to water availability. The hydraulic properties of the petiole, shoot and trunk are also reviewed. Summarising, this paper reviews recent advances related to the adaptation of grapevine leaf morphoanatomical features and hydraulic architecture to abiotic stresses, mainly water and heat stress, induced primarily by an ever-changing global climate.
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Kudla, Nazar, and Yuriy Myronov. "Methodology of Evaluating the Attractiveness of Wine Tourism Facilities in the Transcarpathian Region of Ukraine." Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjst-2020-0011.
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AbstractIntroduction. Wine tourism is an important element of two industries – viticulture and tourism. For the tourism industry, wine is a significant factor of the tour attractiveness, a motive for a special trip. The goals and methods of wine tourism fully correspond to the social and humanitarian mission of tourism as an important factor in the dialogue of cultures, respect for universal cultural values, and tolerance towards the way of life, worldview and traditions of other peoples.Materials and methods. The paper uses a point method for evaluating certain parameters of wine tourism facility attractiveness. According to the defined list, the marketing research with a survey of 22 participants of the Chervene Vyno Festival was conducted in Mukachevo (Ukraine) in 2020 and sources of information regarding three wineries were analysed.Results. The evaluation of wine tourism facilities under examination took into account three components of attractiveness: tourist resources, infrastructure and communication accessibility. The methodological basis of the research consists of ten criteria that were evaluated on a scale from 1 to 5 points. The defined criteria form the discussion basis for the needs of improving and modifying the evaluation procedure.Conclusions. The proposed methodology allows evaluating wine tourism facility attractiveness and identifying the leaders of this market. The results of this study can be verified by conducting marketing surveys of tourists and standardized reports with winemakers. Beyond subjectivism in determining the evaluation criteria, the obtained results show the actual offer condition and the adaptation of wine tourism facilities to the service of tourists.
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Starostin, Ivan Aleksandrovich, and Mikhail Gennadievich Zagoruyko. "Material and technical base of agriculture: availability of tractors and the state of tractor construction." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 10 (October 27, 2020): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2020i10pp126-130.
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One of the main factors affecting the efficiency of agricultural production, timing and quality of agricultural work is the availability of equipment. Among all the variety of agricultural machines, tractors are of key importance. The measures taken by the state to support technical modernization contribute to the partial renewal of the tractor fleet of agricultural organizations, but do not allow to stop the process of its reduction. The existing volumes of purchasing tractors are not enough to radically change the situation. The fleet of agricultural tractors continues to decrease and along with it, the indicators of tractor availability are decreasing, which negatively affects the quality and timing of agricultural work. In terms of availability of agricultural tractors, Russia lags far behind the majority of both developed and developing countries in the world. The growing load on tractors and their high average age lead to violations of agricultural deadlines, increased downtime of equipment, additional material and technical costs for repairs, increased consumption of fuel and lubricants, seeds, fertilizers, etc. In the domestic tractor industry, a difficult situation also remains. The existing nomenclature and production volumes of domestic tractor-building enterprises do not allow to meet the needs of agriculture. There is practically no production of crawler tractors, specialized tractors for gardening and viticulture. In this regard, there is a high dependence on the supply of imported tractors. Despite the significant decline in machinery output in recent years, the Republic of Belarus remains a leader in the production and import of agricultural tractors to Russia and the CIS countries.
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Shevchenko, I., M. Mynkin, and G. Mynkina. "Energy capacity of modern technology for growing grapes and basic agricultural crops." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(157) (May 25, 2020): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-192-200.
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The study aims to conduct an objective analysis of the eff ectiveness of modern technology of industrial grape plantations cultivation, to compare them with similar costs for cultivation of other agricultural crops considering the modern global trend. Planting prepared rootstocks in a permanent place, according to the scheme, followed by their grafting with the desired variety on the spot can be an option to the traditional technology of growing grafted seedlings and planting grape plantations. The introduction of alternative technology, using modern mobile tools (secateurs for grafting components on site, aquosorbents, biological adhesives), reduces fi nancial cost by 15.9 % and the cost of chemical and man-made energy by 71.7 % at the stage of growing grafted planting material grapes. It also provides for cost reduce for creation of its industrial plantations. The analysis of the eff ectiveness of traditional technology for growing grafted planting material shows that the technology is too burdensome for the industry and needs signifi cant revision in order to signifi cantly reduce fi nancial, resource and energy costs, to use natural energy fl ows more effi ciently. In general, the same applies to the technology of creation and productive cultivation of industrial grape plantations. Saving and further development of the industry, increasing the profi tability of viticulture, reducing anthropogenic pressure on the environment are possible on the basis of new, non-traditional energy-saving technologies for the creation of industrial plantations and their productive cultivation. Key words: energy indicators, energy intensity of cultivation, analysis of energy effi ciency, planting material, cultivation technology, industrial grape plantations.
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Чурсина, Ольга Алексеевна, Виктор Афанасьевич Загоруйко, Людмила Алексеевна Легашева, Людмила Михайловна Соловьева, Елена Леонидовна Удод, Александр Ефимович Соловьев, and Алина Васильевна Мартыновская. "Relationship of physical-chemical and biochemical parameters of grapes with the composition of aroma-producing components of brandy wine materials and distillates." Magarach Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, no. 1(111) (March 18, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35547/im.2020.22.1.013.
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Развитие собственной сырьевой базы, полностью обеспечивающей потребности коньячного производства в высококачественном сырье, является одной из приоритетных задач в решении проблемы импортозамещения. Перспективным направлением в расширении сортовой структуры виноградарства является увеличение посадок лучших сортов винограда различного происхождения (интродуцированных, аборигенных и селекционных). Однако потенциальные возможности этих сортов винограда изучены недостаточно. В статье представлены результаты исследования физико-химических и биохимических показателей интродуцированных, селекционных и аборигенных сортов винограда. Изучен состав ароматобразующих компонентов полученных из них коньячных виноматериалов и дистиллятов, установлена их взаимосвязь с показателями винограда. Обоснованы значимые для формирования ароматического комплекса коньячных виноматериалов и дистиллятов показатели технологической оценки винограда: массовая концентрация сахаров, титруемых кислот, фенольных веществ в сусле после прессования целых ягод винограда, показатель технологического запаса фенольных веществ, величина рН и МФМО-активность. Установлены их параметры для коньячного производства. Предложенные показатели могут быть использованы при оценке технологических свойств новых сортов винограда для коньячного производства, а также для регулирования уровня ароматобразующих компонентов в коньячных виноматериалах и дистиллятах. The development of indigenous base of raw materials, meeting needs of brandy production in high-quality raw materials, is one of top tasks in solving the problem of import substitution. Promising direction in extension of the varietal structure of viticulture is to increase the planting of the best grape varieties of different origin (alien, native and breeding). However, the capabilities of these grape varieties are not well studied. The article presents the results of research of the physical-chemical and biochemical parameters of alien, breeding and native grape varieties. We studied the content of aroma-producing components, brandy wine materials and distillates obtained; established the relationship with grape parameters; substantiated technological evaluation parameters of grapes, relevant for the formation of the aromatic complex of brandy wine materials and distillates: mass concentration of sugars, titratable acids, phenolic substances in the must after grapes crushing, the parameter of technological stock of phenolic substances, the pH value and MPhMO-activity. The parameters of technological assessment for brandy production were established. The proposed values can be used to assess the technological properties of new grape varieties for brandy production, as well as to regulate the level of aroma-producing components in brandy wine materials and distillates.
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Timirgaleeva, Rena, Marina Matyunina, Marina Shostak, and Boris Makarenko. "Crimean Wine Market Enterprises: Challenges and Opportunities." Research in World Economy 10, no. 3 (July 25, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n3p32.
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The article explores the regional aspects of the Sevastopol wine business enterprises’ development by means of an analysis of the wine business market. An assessment of the potential of the viticulture and winemaking agro-industrial subcomplex was made taking into account the new economic conditions: the integration of the region into the Russian economic space, and the need to implement the import substitution policy. The production indicators of the five largest enterprises in this field were analyzed. The presence of a large variety of services and products in the field of winemaking and the potential resources of viticulture were distinguished. The study showed that viticulture and winemaking, the production and sale of wine materials have always been among the most attractive branches of the agro-industrial complex of the Crimea, where the largest of the leading regions of viticulture is the federal city of Sevastopol. The conducted assessment made it possible to identify the high potential of the regional industry that can be effectively implemented, provided that the wine cluster and terroir winemaking are formed and implemented.
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Martins, Joana, Helder Fraga, André Fonseca, and João Andrade Santos. "Climate Projections for Precipitation and Temperature Indicators in the Douro Wine Region: The Importance of Bias Correction." Agronomy 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050990.
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The implications of weather and climate extremes on the viticulture and winemaking sector can be particularly detrimental and acquire more relevance under a climate change context. A four-member ensemble of the Regional Climate Model-Global Climate Model chain simulations is used to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on indices of extreme temperature and precipitation, as well as on agroclimatic indices of viticultural suitability in the Douro Wine Region, Portugal, under current and future climate conditions, following the RCP8.5 anthropogenic radiative forcing scenario. Historical (1989–2005) and future (2051–2080) periods are considered for this purpose. Although model outputs are bias-corrected to improve the accuracy of the results, owing to the sensitivity of the climatic indicators to the specific bias correction method, the performance of the linear and quantile mapping methods are compared. The results hint at the importance of choosing the most accurate method (quantile mapping), not only in replicating extremes events but also in reproducing the accumulated agroclimatic indices. Significant differences between the bias correction methods are indeed found for the number of extremely warm days (maximum temperature > 35 °C), number of warm spells, number of warm spell days, number of consecutive dry days, the Dryness Index, and growing season precipitation. The Huglin Index reveals lower sensitivity, thus being more robust to the choice of the method. Hence, an unsuitable bias correction method may hinder the accuracy of climate change projections in studies heavily relying on derived extreme indices and agroclimatic indicators, such as in viticulture. Regarding the climate change signal, significant warming and drying trends are projected throughout the target region, which is supported by previous studies, but also accompanied by an increase of intensity, frequency, and duration of extreme events, namely heatwaves and dry spells. These findings thereby corroborate the need to adopt timely and effective adaptation strategies by the regional winemaking sector to warrant its future sustainability and enhance climate resilience.
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Kudryashova, Ekaterina, and Michele Casetti. "The Internet of Things - the Nearest Future of Viticulture." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2021.130206.
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It is recognized that viticulture and wine sector in general successfully combines traditions and innovations. The Internet of Things technology has already found its way to the vineyards as a prospective innovation. The innovations in wine industry are discussed in the publications, however, IoT not so often falls within the focus. In order to show the production and consumption trends in viticulture we rely mostly on the data accumulated by the International Organization of Vine and Wine. Some analytical materials of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations were also relevant for this study. The information about implementation of Internet of Things is quite fragmentated by now and was collected from different sources. At least two drivers of Internet of Things in viticulture could be mentioned. The first is the climate change and the need to respond to its challenges by wine growers. Technology helps to detect the changes and suggest the best and timely solutions. The second reason why the IoT has prospective in wine sector follows from the characteristics of wine and its consumption trends. There are quite a few strategic decisions to be taken by wine producer and consumers related to wine. These strategic decisions need to be based on a precise data accumulation and processing. The Internet of things is relevant for the decisions of storage, sales, ratings, and collectibles. The range of end-users of the data processing is wide enough in the wine sector. The Internet of Things is already reality of viticulture and it has prospective to develop further. This paper argues that viticulture is a readily open for the IoT and there is a field for IoT implementation in there.
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Banjanin, Tijana, Siniša Berjan, Vesna Milić, and Hamid El Bilali. "State of and Conditions for Viticulture Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina." АГРОЗНАЊЕ 17, no. 3 (February 10, 2017): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/agren1603279b.
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This paper presents the state-of-the-art of viticulture development in BiH. Research is based on the extensive literature review. A number of secondary data sources have been consulted. Viticulture in BiH is characterized by the dominance of small family owned vineyards (up to 2 ha). In older plantations there are mainly autochthonous cultivars while in new vineyards there is a modern cultivar assortment. Although BiH has a good potential and excellent conditions for viticulture, wine imports are almost five times higher than exports. Therefore, there is a need for better cooperation of professional, scientific and government institutions with grapevine growers and wineries in order to modernize production process. This cooperation is essential especially in organizing the production of virus-free propagation material, during the introduction of new cultivars and for preserving autochthonous varieties in the vineyards of BiH.
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Shchegolikhina, T. A., and L. A. Nemenushchaya. "State and Development Areas of Viticulture Mechanical Equipment." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 12 (December 20, 2020): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2020-12-29-31.
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The analysis of the state of equipment support of the viticulture industry with dedicated equipment is given. An urgent need for certain types of machines is noted. The promising areas of increasing the level of mechanization in the industry are outlined. Integrated machine systems and type equipment are described.
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Klimenko, Viktor. "Генетическая интерпретация клоновой селекции винограда." Magarach. Vinogradstvo i Vinodelie, no. 4(110) part: 21 (December 19, 2019): 282–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35547/im.2019.21.4.001.
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Проведен обзор научно-исследовательских работ по методологии клоновой селекции винограда. Анализируются различные определения термина «клон винограда». Рассмотрены возможные причины возникновения клонов: точковые мутации, поликлональное происхождение, модификации. Поддерживающий отбор, используемый для сохранения чистоты, типичности сорта и его хозяйственно ценных свойств, способствует очищению сорта от отрицательных клонов и созданию выровненных насаждений. Для улучшения существующих сортов винограда используется направленный отбор и размножение нетипичных, ценных в биолого-хозяйственном отношении форм растений. Также одной из задач отбора должна быть задача восстановления сортов. Идентификация отличий нового клона нуждается в индивидуальном подходе в зависимости от свойства: мутации и полиплоидия, качественные и количественные признаки . У винограда химерность тканей и клеток является распространенным явлением, многие сорта виноградной лозы являются периклинальными химерами. Приведены варианты отличий маточного куста от исходного сорта, необходимых и достаточных для выделения клона в первом вегетативном поколении. С генетической точки зрения, к основным признакам для клонового отбора винограда обоснованно следует отнести признаки, наследование которых установлено и существенно. Поскольку при работе с клонами приходится принимать во внимание большое количество признаков, представляется эффективным использование многомерных моделей изменчивости. Отмечена перспективность развития методов молекулярной генетики, позволяющих идентифицировать плоидность и генетические различия между растениями, но изучение клонов такими методами пока не получило широкого распространения. Рассматриваются возможности использования в клоновой селекции винограда биотехнологических методов. Недостатком клонового отбора является однородность виноградников и продукции в дополнение к генетической эрозии. Поэтому изменчивость в пределах отдельных сортов должна поддерживаться путем отбора различных клонов, и в виноградарстве, наряду с клоновой селекцией, обязательно должна иметь место генеративная селекция. Таким образом, клон в виноградарстве - это идентичное по генотипу и фенотипу вегетативное потомство растения, выделенного в насаждениях какого-либо сорта винограда и отличающегося от типичных кустов исходного сорта по характеристикам, сохраняющимся при вегетативном размножении. Клоновая селекция винограда перспективна, чему способствуют генетические особенности этой культуры: большая частота спонтанных мутантов, наличие сортов с достаточно широкой генетической изменчивостью, вегетативное размножение, позволяющее сохранять каждое отклонение на неограниченное время.A review of research work on the methodology of clone selection of grapes was carried out. Various definitions of the term ‘grape clone’ are analyzed. Possible causes for the emergence of clones are discussed: point mutations, polyclonal origin, modifications. Recurrent selection used to preserve the purity and typicality of a variety and its economically valuable traits promotes cleansing the variety from negative clones and creating uniform plantings. To improve existing grape varieties, directional selection and propagation of atypical, biologically and economically valuable plant forms are used. Also, restoration of varieties should be one of selection tasks. The identification of different features of a new clone needs an individual approach depending on the properties: mutations and polyploidy, qualitative and quantitative traits. Chimerism of tissues and cells is common in grapes; many varieties of grapevines are periclinal chimeras. Variants of differences between the clone mother vine and the initial variety which are necessary and sufficient for clone selection in the first vegetative generation are presented. From the genetic point of view, main traits for clone selection of grapes should reasonably include traits whose inheritance is essential and has been established. Since a large number of traits have to be taken into account when working with clones, it seems efficient to use multidimensional models of variability. It is noted that development of molecular genetic methods has good prospects since they make it possible to identify ploidy and genetic differences between plants, but the study of clones by such methods has not yet become widespread. The possibilities of using biotechnological methods in clone selection of grapes are discussed. In addition to genetic erosion, the uniformity of vineyards and products enters as a weak point of clone selection. Therefore, the variability within individual varieties should be maintained by selection of various clones, and, along with clone selection, generative breeding must necessarily take place in viticulture. Thus, a clone in viticulture is a vegetative offspring of a plant selected in the plantings of any grape variety and differing from typical vines of the initial variety in terms of characteristics preserved during vegetative propagation. Plants of a clone are identical in genotype and phenotype. Clone selection of grapes is promising, which is facilitated by genetic characteristics of this crop: a high frequency of spontaneous mutants, existence of varieties with a fairly wide genetic variability, vegetative propagation which allows to preserve each deviation for an unlimited time.
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Marques, Cláudia Brazil, Dr Fabrício Moraes de Almeida, Carlos Alberto Paraguassú-Chaves, Carla Dolezel Trindade, Simão Aznar Filho, Simão Dolezel Aznar, Carlos Alberto Dolezel Trindade, Levi Pereira Granja de Souza, Ricardo Guanabara, and Anselmo Ruiz Rodriguez. "PRODUCTION AND DESIGN SYSTEM IN THE TERRITORY OF VITICULTURE." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 208–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol9.iss8.3279.
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The cultivation of vineyards is connected with the history of humanity and with the transformations of spaces and places that in a dynamic and harmonious way provide enchantment and the production of a secular product. With the evolution of the market and changes in natural resources, a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to the cultivation of vineyards became necessary, be it in the revision, management systems and also, particularities of each soil, relief, climate, landscape to design a system for growing vines. The aim of the study: to characterize the design of the biodynamic vineyard. To this end, a descriptive case study with qualitative analysis was carried out, interviews were conducted with two owners who use the cultivation system, biodynamic agriculture. It is concluded that the need to plan the vineyard requires holistic knowledge of the entire wine production system
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Mårtensson, Anna. "Need for protective measures to combat potential outbreaks ofHomalodisca coagulataand Pierce's Disease in European viticulture." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science 57, no. 1 (February 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710600684839.
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Chirobocea-Tudor, Olivia. "The Language Of Viticulture In ESP. Vocabulary Teaching Techniques For Horticulture Students." Studies in Linguistics, Culture, and FLT 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 64–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/wmlh2497.
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English is a useful and necessary tool for any ESP student and so too horticulture students will need English in their future careers. Therefore, being able to communicate effectively and use the language in their field appropriately will help their business and increase their level of professionalism. This article will explore various techniques for the teaching of specialized horticultural vocabulary, in particular the terminological aspects of viticulture and viniculture which together form an important and widespread branch of horticulture with high degree of internationalization, given the rising popularity of wine and grape growing around the world. While each branch of ESP deals with its own unique features, so too English for horticulture and its subdivision, viticulture, has its own challenges in terms of vocabulary, of the equivalence between L1 and English and of usage. This article will analyze such particularities and explore ways in which various levels of specialized vocabulary can be taught to students in an engaging and effective manner.
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Krasokhina, S. I. "ALADDIN–FROST-RESISTANT TABLE GRAPEVINE." Russian Vine 15 (March 2021): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32904/2712-8245-2021-15-11-18.
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The most promising way to reduce the need for fungicides in viticulture is the use of re-sistant cultivars. In this regard, an urgent task is the selection of table grape varieties with increased resistance to diseases and frost in combination with high marketability and taste. The article discusses the results of a fif-teen-year study of the promising table variety Aladdin. The variety is interspecific hybrid obtained from a saturating crossing Vostorg krasnyy × Vostorg muskatniy at All-Russian Research Institute for Viticulture and Wine-making– Branch of Federal State Budget Sci-entific Institution «FRARC». The Aladdin variety was compared with the regionalized table variety Vostorg, which is also the paren-tal form in the second generation. The viticul-ture is not irrigated, grafted, not covered, the training is fan type on trunk, the planting scheme is 3 × 1.5 m. In the variety study, the methods generally accepted in viticulture and the standard technology of cultivation of vineyards were used. The Aladdin variety is distinguished by an early ripening period, large berries, medium-sized bunches, firm pulp, attractive berry color, light muscat aro-ma. The variety has a proven genetic high re-sistance to powdery mildew and mildew, high frost resistance is confirmed by the data of agrobiological records. According to the total-ity of economically valuable traits, resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic environmen-tal factors, the Aladdin variety can be recom-mended for transfer to the State variety test-ing of the Russian Federation.
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Regel, Eva Anna, Astrid Forneck, and Elisabeth Quendler. "Job satisfaction of certified employees in viticulture: A qualitative study." Work 67, no. 2 (November 9, 2020): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203296.
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BACKGROUND: The need for qualified employees in wineries leads to a gain in importance of human resource management in the wine industry. Knowledge on job satisfaction of employees in wineries and cooperatives as well as research in human resource management is rare. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative study is to find aspects affecting job satisfaction of employees in Austrian and German wineries. These identified aspects were analysed with regard to the perceived satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the employees. METHOD: Sixteen qualitative interviews were conducted in Austria and Germany with employed winemakers, production managers and vineyard managers. RESULTS: Aspects of job satisfaction which were found in agricultural studies were validated for employees in wineries. In addition to these influencing factors of job satisfaction, interviewed workers mentioned other important aspects, such as equality issues, development of the company and attachment to the final product, which affect their job satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The positive image of the product wine, the wine sector and the profession contributes to a high job satisfaction overall. The personal interest in wine is one of the major factors of job satisfaction. It reduces dissatisfaction with remuneration, monotonous work processes and long working hours. However, employees in wineries saw problems in reconciling family life and work. Furthermore, employees complained about physical strains leading to possible changes in job or position.
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Russo, Dmitriy, Galina Aleynikova, and Elena Ilnitskaya. "Biotechnological methods of managing the production processes of grape plants." BIO Web of Conferences 34 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213401003.
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In viticulture, despite the fact that the main commodity producers have fairly modern technologies for the production of grapes, there are trends in the need to modify raw materials production technologies that meet the requirements for the production of high-quality products, reduce production costs, its biologization. Also, the problem of selecting varieties for a specific agro-ecological zone and increasing the production of table grapes, which requires certain research in the justification of design decisions, became actual.
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Zito, S., A. Caffarra, Y. Richard, T. Castel, and B. Bois. "Climate change and vine protection : the case of mildews management in Burgundy." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001006.
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Viticulture worldwide is currently facing two major challenges: adapting to climate change and reducing its environmental footprint. Plant protection is a central aspect of these challenges, firstly because pests and diseases development is strongly controlled by climate conditions, and secondly, because viticulture requires in many regions large quantities of pesticides. Phytosanitary protection is even more crucial for terroir-based viticulture areas, because the negative image given by excessive pesticide use impacts the whole region which reputation is partly built on environmental friendly practices. Moreover, most of terroir wines sensory properties and fame rely on specific cultivars, which makes it difficult to replace them using diseases resistant varieties. This study addresses the potential impact of climate change on pesticide use to control powdery and downy mildew in Burgundy. To assess the past evolution of diseases risk, a database composed by yearly number of applications of phytosanitary treatments for powdery and downy mildew diseases was built. This information was collected from 400 grapevine growers originating from 5 sub-regions of Burgundy. The data refer to yearly average number of treatments during the 1995-2014 period. Pesticide applications was related to climate by means of multiple linear regression models between the average number of treatments for powdery and downy mildews control and monthly temperature and monthly rainfall indices from April to July. Models providing the lowest error (estimated trough leave-one-out cross-validation) were selected for each of the 5 Burgundy wine sub-regions. According to each region, mildews yearly treatments number were significantly related to monthly climate data. In most models, May and June average temperature were selected with negative regression coefficients while April and May monthly precipitation were selected with positive regression coefficients. These models were fed with 1980-2100 temperature and rainfall projected data using CMIP5 RCP8.5 scenario from 18 GCM (General Circulation Models) statistically downscaled and debiased to match a daily 12 km target resolution. Increasing temperature and a slight ensemble rainfall increase (depending on the GCM) simulated during spring and early summer had inverse effects on models trend. However, regression models project a decreasing trend of the number of treatments for mildews control along the 21st century, based upon GCM data. Spraying numbers are expected to slightly vary in the future (-4,8 to -34.1% reduction), which strengthens the need for alternative plant protection strategies to match both consumer and policies promoting lower pesticides use for viticulture.
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Porotikova, Elena, Uliana Terehova, Vitalii Volodin, Eugeniya Yurchenko, and Svetlana Vinogradova. "Distribution and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Viruses in Russia." Plants 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10061080.
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Viral diseases can seriously damage the vineyard productivity and the quality of grape and wine products. Therefore, the study of the species composition and range of grapevine viruses is important for the development and implementation of strategies and tactics to limit their spread and increase the economic benefits of viticulture. In 2014–2019, we carried out a large-scale phytosanitary monitoring of Russian commercial vineyards in the Krasnodar region, Stavropol region and Republic of Crimea. A total of 1857 samples were collected and tested for the presence of Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus (GRSPaV), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-1 (GLRaV-1), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), and Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) using RT-PCR. Out of all samples tested, 54.5% were positive for at least one of the viruses (GRSPaV, GVA, GLRaV-1, GLRaV-2, GLRaV-3, GFLV, GFkV) in the Stavropol region, 49.8% in the Krasnodar region and 49.5% in the Republic of Crimea. Some plants were found to be infected with several viruses simultaneously. In the Republic of Crimea, for instance, a number of plants were infected with five viruses. In the Krasnodar region and the Republic of Crimea, 4.7% and 3.3% of the samples were predominantly infected with both GFkV and GRSPaV, whereas in the Stavropol region, 6% of the selected samples had both GLRaV-1 and GVA infections. We carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein genes of the detected viruses and identified the presence of GVA of groups I and IV, GRSPaV of groups BS and SG1, GLRaV-1 of group III, GLRaV-2 of groups PN and H4, GLRaV-3 of groups I and III. The results obtained make it possible to assess the viral load and the distribution of the main grapevine viruses on plantations in the viticultural zones of Russia, emphasizing the urgent need to develop and implement long-term strategies for the control of viral diseases of grapes.
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Musinovich, Sarimsakov Maksudkhon, Kimsanov Ibrahim Khaitmuratovich, and Umarova Zulaykho Tulkunovna. "Application Of Water-Saving Technologies In Gardening Uzbekistan." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 08 (August 20, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue08-01.
Full textAbstract:
As a result, existing water shortages in Uzbekistan eliminate the negative consequences arising, effective and rational use of water and land resources, the use of water-saving technologies in irrigation of crops helps to save water and other resources up to 35-50%. The development of horticulture and viticulture increases the efficiency of land use in mountain and foothill areas, at the same time satisfies the need for fruits and grapes of the local population, and also serves as the main foundation of the domestic market with cheap enrichment and quality products.
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van Leeuwen, Destrac-Irvine, Dubernet, Duchêne, Gowdy, Marguerit, Pieri, Parker, de Rességuier, and Ollat. "An Update on the Impact of Climate Change in Viticulture and Potential Adaptations." Agronomy 9, no. 9 (September 5, 2019): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090514.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change will impose increasingly warm and dry conditions on vineyards. Wine quality and yield are strongly influenced by climatic conditions and depend on complex interactions between temperatures, water availability, plant material, and viticultural techniques. In established winegrowing regions, growers have optimized yield and quality by choosing plant material and viticultural techniques according to local climatic conditions, but as the climate changes, these will need to be adjusted. Adaptations to higher temperatures include changing plant material (e.g., rootstocks, cultivars and clones) and modifying viticultural techniques (e.g., changing trunk height, leaf area to fruit weight ratio, timing of pruning) such that harvest dates are maintained in the optimal period at the end of September or early October in the Northern Hemisphere. Vineyards can be made more resilient to drought by planting drought resistant plant material, modifying training systems (e.g., goblet bush vines, or trellised vineyards at wider row spacing), or selecting soils with greater soil water holding capacity. While most vineyards in Europe are currently dry-farmed, irrigation may also be an option to grow sustainable yields under increasingly dry conditions but consideration must be given to associated impacts on water resources and the environment.
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Ducati, Jorge R., Rafael E. Sarate, and Jandyra M. G. Fachel. "Application of remote sensing techniques to discriminate between conventional and organic vineyards in the Loire Valley, France." OENO One 48, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2014.48.3.1574.
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: To test the use of Remote Sensing imagery and techniques to differentiate between conventional and organic vineyards.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Conventional and organic vineyards were identified on three satellite images acquired by the ASTER sensor of the Loire Valley. A sample of 46 conventional and 12 organic plots was used; grape varieties were Chenin Blanc (33 plots) and Cabernet Franc (25 plots). Mean reflectances were extracted from pixels inside each plot for the nine spectral bands (visible and infrared) of ASTER. A statistical discriminant analysis was performed. The vegetation index NDVI was also analysed. Results showed that all 12 organic plots, and 41 out of 46 conventional plots were correctly separated, a 91.4% success rate. Also, 23 out of 25 Cabernet, and 30 out of 33 Chenin plots were also correctly identified, also a 91.4% success rate. Regarding NDVI, there are no differences between conventional and organic vineyards within a 5% significant level. Analyses focused on the influences of chemical treatments on vineyard colors and on the effects of light reflected by inter-row spaces, suggested that both processes introduce spectral changes in conventional vineyards, mainly in short-wave infrared. Results also indicate that infrared information is essential to spectral discrimination.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The use of chemicals, typical to conventional viticulture, has an impact on leaf composition and cell structure, being an important factor to imprint a characteristic reflectance pattern to these vineyards; the contribution to the integrated reflectance from inter-row vegetation is probably also a differentiating factor. Both causes act synergistically to build a significant spectral difference between conventional and organic vineyards.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: Remote Sensing techniques can be used as a first approach to vineyard monitoring, producing relevant information on viticultural methods, which can be used as early indicators of the need for field inspection or conventional laboratory analysis.</p>
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Peterson, Peter, Jurij Wakula, and Kurt Landau. "Development of a hand tool work analysis method (HTWAM)." Occupational Ergonomics 2, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2000-2302.
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The HTWAM method and software for the analysis of activities involving the use of hand-operated non-powered tools has been developed and tested in practice as part of the Eurohandtool project. The method was used to investigate 12 jobs in viticulture and 5 jobs in other sectors where hand tools are used. HTWAM showed itself capable of identifying weak points in a work system. HTWAM enables design engineers to perform work system analyses which can provide industry with recommendations for the ergonomic design of hand tools and can also give users information on the need for safety precautions and avoidance of health risks.
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Dmytruk, M. "Trends of grapeproduction by main producers in Ukraine." Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK, no. 2 (143) (December 27, 2018): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9262-2018-143-2-48-53.
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To ensure the development of agricultural production in modern conditions, it is necessary to pay more attention to nontraditional spheres of activity and production. One of these forms is viticulture. In the article the present state of grape production development in agricultural enterprise sisconsidered. Focuse dattention to there levance of the issue under investigation and itssignifican cein the agricultural production system. The maintendenciesof development of are asundervineyards, productivity and grosscollection of grapesin agricultural enterprises are determined. It is noted that agricultural enterprises devote much less attention to the development of grape production and horticultureprivate households and users of other categories.It has been established that the area of vineyards are decreasing (even without taking into account producers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea), the yield is low. Reducing of land area under vineyards in agricultural enterprises and reducing their productivity has led to a reduction in the volume of grape production.One of the reasons of this situation is that viticulture is a highly capital intensive industry that requires significant investments. For the last years there was a rise in prices, a depreciation of the national currency and some other negative factors that negatively affected the ability of commodity producers to effectively provide the need for funds to carry out the production program. Consequently, enterprises reduced the use of productive resources, which negatively affected the yield of grapes.The main problems for solving this problem are the high capital intensity of the industry, significant amounts of initial investment for the production of grapes, obsolete production technologies, difficulties with the marketing of the resulting products.To ensure the effective development of grape production, it is necessary to pay more attention to the improvement of the organization of the system of sales of the ready products. There are two important problems in grape production sphere – low buying ability of most consumers and competitiveness of grape production. On the basis of the researches, the directions of effective development of grape production are offered. The solution of these issues requires attention from the governmental authorities: the development of appropriate support and development programs, the full or partial compensation of the cost of laying vineyards, the purchase of the necessary equipment for the care, harvesting and processing of grapes. The combination of efforts of state institutions and agricultural producers will ensure the sustainable development of viticulture in Ukraine.The research was carried out using a number of economic, mathematical and statistical methods. With the help of the dialectical method, the current state of development of grape production was explored and illuminated; the economic and statistical method is used to assess the dynamics of the industry's development; method of expert assessments and abstract-logical – in substantiating the main directions of ensuring the effective development of grape production in agricultural enterprises. Key words: development, production, grape, agricultural enterprises, competitiveness, viticulture, trends.
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Greven, M., S. Green, S. Neal, B. Clothier, M. Neal, G. Dryden, and P. Davidson. "Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) to save water and improve Sauvignon Blanc quality?" Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0002.
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With a fast change of land use in Marlborough from extensive pastoral farming to intensive irrigated viticulture, a need has risen to investigate the sustainable use of the available water. In 2001 a 5 ha irrigation research project was installed in a Marlborough Sauvignon Blanc vineyard. Irrigation treatments installed were control (compensate 100% for crop evapotranspiration (ETO)), 80%, 70% and 60% of ETO. During the two years that the Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) trial has run so far, very different climatic conditions created much greater differences in yield and vegetative growth, than up to 40% reduction in irrigation, none of which were significant. The use of sap flow in the vines has been fine-tuned and is now giving reliable results on which to base vine water need.
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Cruz-Silva, Ana, Andreia Figueiredo, and Mónica Sebastiana. "First Insights into the Effect of Mycorrhizae on the Expression of Pathogen Effectors during the Infection of Grapevine with Plasmopara viticola." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031226.
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Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), widely used for berry and wine production, is highly susceptible to the pathogenic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, the etiological agent of grapevine downy mildew disease. The method commonly used to prevent and control P. viticola infection relies on multiple applications of chemical fungicides. However, with European Union goals to lower the usage of such chemicals in viticulture there is a need to develop new and more sustainable strategies. The use of beneficial microorganisms with biocontrol capabilities, such as the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), has been pointed out as a viable alternative. With this study, we intended to investigate the effect of AMF colonization on the expression of P. viticola effectors during infection of grapevine. Grapevine plants were inoculated with the AMF Rhizophagus irregularis and, after mycorrhizae development, plants were infected with P. viticola. The expression of P. viticola RxLR effectors was analyzed by real-time PCR (qPCR) during the first hours of interaction. Results show that pre-mycorrhizal inoculation of grapevine alters the expression of several P. viticola effectors; namely, PvRxLR28, which presented decreased expression in mycorrhizal plants at the two time points post-infection tested. These results suggest that the pre-inoculation of grapevine with AMF could interfere with the pathogen’s ability to infect grapevine by modulation of pathogenicity effectors expression, supporting the hypothesis that AMF can be used to increase plant resistance to pathogens and promote more sustainable agriculture practices, particularly in viticulture.
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Fráguas, J. C., Alberto Miele, and E. B. Silva. "Grapevine nutritional diagnosis methods for the « Serra Gaúcha » viticultural region, Brazil." OENO One 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2003.37.1.1683.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The methods of grapevine nutritional diagnosis used in Michigan, California, and South Africa were evaluated with the objective to assess and adjust values of these methods for the Brazilian conditions. The study was carried out in 53 vineyards in the Serra Gaúcha viticultural region, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 1995/96 to 1997/98 (25 of these vineyards were Cabernet Sauvignon and 28 Italie Riesling). All these vineyards were conducted in the pergola system. Data of yield, °Brix, total titratable acidity, density, and pH of the grape must, the concentration of macro- and micro nutrients in the leaves as well as data from soil analyses were assessed. The yield of each vineyard and the concentration of the mineral nutrients in the tissue were correlated. The final adjustments were made by means of the method of the critical threshold using the NCRIz criterion. The method of California was the less precise as it neither establishes defined border values for the sufficiency level nor takes some nutrients into account. The method of Michigan needed few adjustments because of its origin; for this it may be considered viable for the nutritional diagnosis, mainly for American cultivars. Out of the three methods, the South African proved to be the most appropriate for diagnosing the nutritional status of the grapevine cultivated in the Serra Gaúcha, because it did not need adjustments for most nutrients.</p>
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van Leeuwen, Cornelis, and Benjamin Bois. "Update in unified terroir zoning methodologies." E3S Web of Conferences 50 (2018): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185001044.
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The concept of terroir is based on the assumption that the quality and the typicity of an agricultural product are linked to its origin. The precise definition of an origin requires zoning. Because terroir expression in viticulture is largely driven by interactions between the vine and its natural environment, soil and climate play a key role in terroir zoning. For clarity, soil-based and climate-based zoning are presented separately in this paper. They are, however, ideally carried out simultaneously, because of the existence of multiple interactions between these terroir factors. Prior to the implementation of zoning, the objectives need to be carefully defined. The appropriate scale at which the zoning is implemented depends on the objective and the available budget. The use of geomatics enables the production of maps at reduced cost and, possibly, increased accuracy. This paper is update of the unified zoning methodology which was adopted by the OIV in 2012 (OIV-VITI 423-2012).
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Zombardo, Alessandra, Paolo Storchi, Paolo Valentini, Alice Ciofini, Daniele Migliaro, and Manna Crespan. "Recovery, Molecular Characterization, and Ampelographic Assessment of Marginal Grapevine Germplasm from Southern Umbria (Central Italy)." Plants 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10081539.
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The protection of grapevine biodiversity and the safeguarding of genetic variability are certainly primary and topical objectives for wine research, especially in territories historically devoted to viticulture. To assess the autochthonous germplasm of three different districts of Southern Umbria (Central Italy), the plant material of 70 grapevines retrieved from reforested land plots or old vineyards was collected, and their genetic identity was investigated using 13 microsatellite markers (SSR). The results revealed the presence of 39 unique genotypes, divided into 24 already-known cultivars and 15 never-reported SSR profiles. Most of the grapevine accessions were then vegetatively propagated and cultivated in a vineyard collection both to be protected from extinction and to be evaluated at the ampelographic level. Overall, this work emphasizes the need for recovering the threatened genetic variability that characterizes minor neglected grapevine cultivars or biotypes of Southern Umbria germplasm, and the requirement to revalue and exploit the more valuable genetic resources to enhance the local agri-food economy.
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Fernández-Novales, Juan, Verónica Saiz-Rubio, Ignacio Barrio, Francisco Rovira-Más, Andrés Cuenca-Cuenca, Fernando Santos Alves, Joana Valente, Javier Tardáguila Laso, and María Paz Diago. "Monitoring and Mapping Vineyard Water Status Using Non-Invasive Technologies by a Ground Robot." Remote Sensing 13, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 2830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13142830.
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There is a growing need to provide support and applicable tools to farmers and the agro-industry in order to move from their traditional water status monitoring and high-water-demand cropping and irrigation practices to modern, more precise, reduced-demand systems and technologies. In precision viticulture, very few approaches with ground robots have served as moving platforms for carrying non-invasive sensors to deliver field maps that help growers in decision making. The goal of this work is to demonstrate the capability of the VineScout (developed in the context of a H2020 EU project), a ground robot designed to assess and map vineyard water status using thermal infrared radiometry in commercial vineyards. The trials were carried out in Douro Superior (Portugal) under different irrigation treatments during seasons 2019 and 2020. Grapevines of Vitis vinifera L. Touriga Nacional were monitored at different timings of the day using leaf water potential (Ψl) as reference indicators of plant water status. Grapevines’ canopy temperature (Tc) values, recorded with an infrared radiometer, as well as data acquired with an environmental sensor (Tair, RH, and AP) and NDVI measurements collected with a multispectral sensor were automatically saved in the computer of the autonomous robot to assess and map the spatial variability of a commercial vineyard water status. Calibration and prediction models were performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. The best prediction models for grapevine water status yielded a determination coefficient of cross-validation (r2cv) of 0.57 in the morning time and a r2cv of 0.42 in the midday. The root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSEcv) was 0.191 MPa and 0.139 MPa at morning and midday, respectively. Spatial–temporal variation maps were developed at two different times of the day to illustrate the capability to monitor the grapevine water status in order to reduce the consumption of water, implementing appropriate irrigation strategies and increase the efficiency in the real time vineyard management. The promising outcomes gathered with the VineScout using different sensors based on thermography, multispectral imaging and environmental data disclose the need for further studies considering new variables related with the plant water status, and more grapevine cultivars, seasons and locations to improve the accuracy, robustness and reliability of the predictive models, in the context of precision and sustainable viticulture.
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Di Vaio, Claudio, Nadia Marallo, Rosario Di Lorenzo, and Antonino Pisciotta. "Anti-Transpirant Effects on Vine Physiology, Berry and Wine Composition of cv. Aglianico (Vitis vinifera L.) Grown in South Italy." Agronomy 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9050244.
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In viticulture, global warming requires reconsideration of current production models. At the base of this need there are some emerging phenomena: modification of phenological phases; acceleration of the maturation process of grapes, with significant increases in the concentration of sugar musts; decoupling between technological grape maturity and phenolic maturity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a natural anti-transpirant on grapevine physiology, berry, and wine composition of Aglianico cultivar. For two years, Aglianico vines were treated at veraison with the anti-transpirant Vapor Gard and compared with a control sprayed with only water. A bunch thinning was also applied to both treatments. The effectiveness of Vapor Gard were assessed through measurements of net photosynthesis and transpiration and analyzing the vegetative, productive and qualitative parameters. The results demonstrate that the application of anti-transpirant reduced assimilation and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, berry sugar accumulation, and wine alcohol content. No significant differences between treatments were observed for other berry and wine compositional parameters. This method may be a useful tool to reduce berry sugar content and to produce wines with a lower alcohol content.
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Dittrich, Felix, Thomas Iserloh, Cord-Henrich Treseler, Roman Hüppi, Sophie Ogan, Manuel Seeger, and Sören Thiele-Bruhn. "Crop Diversification in Viticulture with Aromatic Plants: Effects of Intercropping on Grapevine Productivity in a Steep-Slope Vineyard in the Mosel Area, Germany." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020095.
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The effects of intercropping grapevine with aromatic plants are investigated using a multi-disciplinary approach. Selected results are presented that address the extent to which crop diversification by intercropping impacts grapevine yield and must quality, as well as soil water and mineral nutrients (NO3-N, NH4-N, plant-available K and P). The experimental field was a commercial steep-slope vineyard with shallow soils characterized by a high presence of coarse rock fragments in the Mosel area of Germany. The field experiment was set up as randomized block design. Rows were either cultivated with Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) as a monocrop or intercropped with Origanum vulgare or Thymus vulgaris. Regarding soil moisture and nutrient levels, the topsoil (0–0.1 m) was more affected by intercropping than the subsoil (0.1–0.3 m). Gravimetric moisture was consistently lower in the intercropped topsoil. While NO3-N was almost unaffected by crop diversification, NH4-N, K, and P were uniformly reduced in topsoil. Significant differences in grapevine yield and must quality were dominantly attributable to climate variables, rather than to the treatments. Yield stabilization due to intercropping with thyme and oregano seems possible with sufficient rainfall or by irrigation. The long-term effects of intercropping on grapevine growth need further monitoring.
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Schonenberger, P., J. Ducruet, A. Pernet, F. Marsan, B. Bach, P. Passeraub, D. Zufferey, and O. Vorlet. "Automatization of membrane contactors and applications for the management of dissolved gases in wines." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 02037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191502037.
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Over the last decade, several distinct research groups tested possible uses of membrane contactors for the wine industry, notably for the management of dissolved gases in wines, adjustment of the CO2 concentration while reducing the O2 concentration at the same time. Other experiments were done with partial alcohol reduction and addition of N2 to wines. The contactor's heart is its Liqui-Cel™ membrane where the two separate circuits meet. The membrane's hydrophobic characteristics allows a liquid to get in contact with a gas, without dispersing into it. The directions that these gases take through the membrane depend on their partial pressure differences within the two circuits. However, other factors need to be considered to determine exact exchange rates for each target gas. The present article describes the new membrane contactor prototype that was co-developed by the University of applied Sciences and Arts, Viticulture and Enology at Changins, Switzerland, and the School of Engineering and Architecture at Fribourg, Switzerland. The prototype was designed for small scale operations. Flow rates, temperatures and internal pressures can be instantly measured and graphically visualized. Also, O2 concentrations are measured inside the liquid. CO2 concentrations in the liquid can be measured with a device that is connected to the liquid circuit through a bypass after the membranes.