Journal articles on the topic 'Needle and syringe programs'

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1

SCHWARTZ, RICHARD H. "Syringe and Needle Exchange Programs." Southern Medical Journal 86, no. 3 (March 1993): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199303000-00014.

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2

Coleman, Linda Jane, and Karolyn Jernigan Stenlund. "Marketing Syringe/Needle Exchange Programs." Health Marketing Quarterly 17, no. 2 (December 1999): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j026v17n02_07.

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3

SCHWARTZ, RICHARD H. "Syringe and Needle Exchange Programs Worldwide." Southern Medical Journal 86, no. 3 (March 1993): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199303000-00015.

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4

Kleinig, John. "Thinking Ethically About Needle and Syringe Programs." Substance Use & Misuse 41, no. 6-7 (January 2006): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080600668670.

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5

Witteveen, Ewald, and Gerard Schippers. "Needle and Syringe Exchange Programs in Amsterdam." Substance Use & Misuse 41, no. 6-7 (January 2006): 835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10826080600669553.

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6

Rouen, David, and Kate Dolan. "Supporting needle and syringe programs in Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 25, no. 2 (April 2001): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2001.tb01845.x.

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7

Palmer, Tony. "1997 Awards for Innovation and Excellence in Primary Health Care - Health Promotion: Syringe Disposal Hotline." Australian Journal of Primary Health 3, no. 3 (1997): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py97028.

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Brief Description of the Program: Although needle and syringe exchange programs (NSEP) remain integral to Australia's internationally recognised response to the pandemic, the public have very real concerns about the health risks posed by syringes that are improperly disposed. The Syringe Disposal Hotline provides a seven days per week advice, referral, collection and disposal service for local residents concerned about inappropriately discarded sharps.
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8

Hemel, Muhammad MM, Md Masud Reza, Tanveer KI Shafiq, Md Iqbal Kabir, AKM Masud Rana, and Sharful Islam Khan. "Correlates of sharing of needles and syringes among people who inject drugs in Dhaka city, Bangladesh." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 10 (October 31, 2021): 1497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.13629.

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Introduction: This paper examines the correlates of needle and syringe sharing among People Who Inject Drugs in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, which is currently experiencing a steep increase in HIV prevalence despite the ongoing presence of Needle Exchange Programs. Methodology: This was a retrospective chart review with cross-sectional design that extracted data from 783 male People Who Inject Drugs enrolled into five Opioid Substitution Treatment clinics in Dhaka city between April 2010 and January 2016. Data were retrieved from the program’s electronic database. Needle and syringe sharing constituted the borrowing or lending of needles and syringes from others within the past month preceding data collection. Results: Buprenorphine was the preferred injection drug and 44.6% shared needles and syringes within the past month. Multivariate analysis indicated that People Who Inject Drugs who were homeless (OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 1.4-44.9, p < 0.05), living with friends (OR = 6.8, 95% CI = 2.5-18.2, p < 0.001), injecting 2-3 times/day (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.2-19.7, p < 0.05), injecting more than three times/day (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.1-20.0, p < 0.05), not using condom with non-commercial female sex partners (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.8-6.0, p < 0.05), bought sex from female sex workers (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.0-8.3, p < 0.05), and did non-suicidal self-injury (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0-3.0, p < 0.05) were more likely to share needles and syringes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that operating a standalone harm reduction approach that just provides sterile needles and syringes may not adequately curb needle and syringe sharing among People Who Inject Drugs.
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9

Rich, Josiah D., and Eli Y. Adashi. "Ideological Anachronism Involving Needle and Syringe Exchange Programs." JAMA 314, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.6303.

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10

Gleghorn, Alice A., Gilbert Gee, and David Vlahov. "Pharmacistsʼ Attitudes About Pharmacy Sale of Needles/Syringes and Needle Exchange Programs in a City Without Needle/Syringe Prescription Laws." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology 18 (1998): S89—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042560-199802001-00016.

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11

Kwon, Jisoo A., Jonathan Anderson, Cliff C. Kerr, Hla-Hla Thein, Lei Zhang, Jenny Iversen, Gregory J. Dore, et al. "Estimating the cost-effectiveness of needle-syringe programs in Australia." AIDS 26, no. 17 (November 2012): 2201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0b013e3283578b5d.

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12

Patel, Kiran. "Research Note: Drug Consumption Rooms and Needle and Syringe Exchange Programs." Journal of Drug Issues 37, no. 3 (July 2007): 737–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260703700312.

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Drug consumption rooms and needle and syringe exchange programs have existed in some shape or form in different parts of the world for many years now. This Research Note reviews some of their advantages and disadvantages and considers possible advancements.
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13

Cleland, Charles M., Sherry Deren, Crystal M. Fuller, Shannon Blaney, James M. McMahon, Stephanie Tortu, Don C. Des Jarlais, and David Vlahov. "Syringe Disposal Among Injection Drug Users in Harlem and the Bronx During the New York State Expanded Syringe Access Demonstration Program." Health Education & Behavior 34, no. 2 (August 4, 2006): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198106288560.

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Effective January 1, 2001, New York State enacted the Expanded Syringe Access Demonstration Program (ESAP), allowing syringes to be sold in pharmacies without a prescription or dispensed through doctors, hospitals, and clinics to adults. A concern in the assessment of ESAP is its effects on syringe disposal practices. Syringe use data regarding the last injection episode were combined from three projects ( N = 1,030) recruiting injection drug users. Disposal of syringes by methods known to be safe decreased significantly over time after the implementation of ESAP. Syringes obtained either from syringe exchange programs or ESAP sources were more likely to be disposed of safely than syringes obtained from other sources. Efforts to enlist pharmacists and others involved in ESAP implementation to encourage safe disposal are needed. More detailed information on disposal practices is needed to capture the continuum from least to most safe practices and variation within individuals.
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14

Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Kelly Safreed-Harmon, Kristina L. Hetherington, Daniel J. Bromberg, Denise Ocampo, Niels Graf, Anna Dichtl, Heino Stöver, and Hans Wolff. "Health Outcomes for Clients of Needle and Syringe Programs in Prisons." Epidemiologic Reviews 40, no. 1 (2018): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxx019.

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15

Kim, Byung Jin, and Debra A. Harley. "Needle and Syringe Programs in Rural Areas: Addressing the Intravenous Drug Use Epidemic." Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2168-6653.33.1.56.

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BackgroundOpioid use has reached epidemic proportions in rural communities in the United States and injection of drugs is commonly used. As a result of shared or reusing needles and syringes, the risk for contracting blood-borne diseases is significantly increased. Rural areas face many social and attitudinal barriers regarding syringe exchange programs (SEPs).ObjectiveThis article describes national trends for drug injection problems in rural areas and discusses effectiveness of needle and SEPs as a harm reduction healthcare policy. Ethical and practical considerations in the implementation of SEPs are also presented.MethodThe rehabilitation literature was reviewed on trends in substance abuse and intravenous (IV) drug use in rural areas to identify the status and need for SEPs to address risk factors of infectious diseases resulting from needle sharing and reusing of needles.FindingsIV drug use in rural communities has reached epidemic proportions with resulting dramatic increases in hepatitis C and B and incidence of HIV. Yet, many rural communities continue to object to the implementation of SEPs due to fears that such programs will increase drug use and crime in the community.ConclusionIV drug use is a critical public health issue for users and non-IV users in rural communities, and is increasingly becoming an issue about which rural rehabilitation counselors will need to be informed. For the sake of public health, SEPs should be recognized as an economical, ethical, and effective factor in the larger response to the epidemic of IV drug use in rural America.
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16

Islam, M. Mofizul. "Needle Syringe Program-Based Primary HealthCare Centers." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 1, no. 2 (July 2010): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131910369684.

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17

Bórquez, Annick, Daniela Abramovitz, Javier Cepeda, Gudelia Rangel, Patricia González-Zúñiga, Natasha K. Martin, Carlos Magis-Rodríguez, and Steffanie A. Strathdee. "Syringe sharing among people who inject drugs in Tijuana: before and after the Global Fund." Salud mental 42, no. 4 (September 13, 2019): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2019.020.

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Introduction. Needle and syringe programs (NSP) reduce syringe sharing and HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID). However, their effectiveness relies on sufficient individual and population level coverage. In Tijuana, Mexico, the Global Fund (GF) supported NSP during 10/2011-12/2013, but withdrew funds at the end of 2013 following Mexico’s re-classification as an upper-middle income country. Objective. We tested the hypothesis of higher NSP access and lower receptive syringe sharing among PWID in Tijuana during the GF support period compared to pre-GF initiation and post-GF withdrawal. Method. We used data from an ongoing cohort study of PWID in Tijuana (03/2011-10/2015) to implement a segmented regression analysis investigating changes in the self-reported probability of NSP access, reported difficulty in finding sterile syringes and receptive syringe sharing before GF initiation and after GF discontinuation. Results. We found a large significant increase in the probability of NSP access (+.07) and decrease in receptive syringe sharing (-.23) right after GF initiation, which continued over the GF period. Subsequently, we found a significant decline in NSP access (-.05) and an increase in receptive syringe sharing (+.02) right after post-GF withdrawal, which continued thereafter. Discussion and conclusion. We demonstrated significant temporal changes in NSP access and receptive syringe sharing among PWID in Tijuana after GF initiation and withdrawal consistent with our hypothesis. Coordinated efforts with local authorities are needed to sustain major coverage NSP in settings receiving GF or external aid to guarantee continuity of harm reduction services and prevent reinside in risk behaviors associated with HIV transmission.
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18

Akidağı, Zeynep, Kadircan Kızıloğlu, Hatice Şener, and Vesile Şenol. "Developing safe porter protective syringe cap to prevent percutaneous injuries; a semi-experimental study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 5 (April 27, 2022): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20221210.

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Background: Although healthcare professionals know how to avoid needle sticks, current safe syringes are not capable of preventing percutaneous injuries 100%. Therefore, infections caused by needle sticks could not be completely prevented.Methods: First of all, a Likert type questionnaire were applied as a qualitative method in the study. Based on these survey data, 4 different types of safety syringe caps were developed and tested in a quasi-experimental method.Results: The research was carried out with 344 health vocational school students. As a result of the research, the average level of knowledge of the students about percutaneous injuries was in female students (n=223, 64.8%) compared to male students (n=121, 35.2%) (females, mean: 78.8±10, males, mean: 76.5±10) (p=0.256) in the second grades compared to the first graders. It was found to be higher (1st class: 77.3, 2nd class: 81.0) (p=0.049). The mean level of knowledge showed a significant difference according to educational level (p=0.049), but did not show a significant difference according to programs (p=0.371) and gender (p=0.256). Among the safe injector caps of different diameters developed against percutaneous injuries, the largest diameter injector cap was defined as the most successful, safe syringe cap that prevents percutaneous injuries (p<0.001).Conclusions: It was observed that education or experience was not significantly effective in preventing percutaneous injuries caused by needle sticks, and that percutaneous injuries and thus infections could be prevented by increasing syringe cap diameters.
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19

Iversen, Jenny, Libby Topp, Handan Wand, and Lisa Maher. "Individual-level syringe coverage among Needle and Syringe Program attendees in Australia." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 122, no. 3 (May 2012): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.030.

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20

BRYANT, JOANNE, LIBBY TOPP, MAX HOPWOOD, JENNY IVERSEN, CARLA TRELOAR, and LISA MAHER. "Is point of access to needles and syringes related to needle sharing? Comparing data collected from pharmacies and needle and syringe programs in south-east Sydney." Drug and Alcohol Review 29, no. 4 (January 19, 2010): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00154.x.

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21

Strike, Carol, and Tara Marie Watson. "Relationships, Training, and Formal Agreements Between Needle and Syringe Programs and Police." Health Promotion Practice 19, no. 5 (June 8, 2018): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839918778554.

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22

Peternelj-Taylor, Cindy. "The Introduction of Prison Needle and Syringe Programs in Canadian Federal Prisons." Journal of Forensic Nursing 14, no. 3 (2018): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jfn.0000000000000213.

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23

Miller, Kathleen, Felicity Sheaves, Louise Maher, Julie Page, Ian Bridges-Webb, and Carla Treloar. "‘C’ the potential: needle and syringe programs as hepatitis C treatment sites." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 27, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 92–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687637.2019.1583170.

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Ward, James, Libby Topp, Jenny Iversen, Handan Wand, Snehal Akre, John Kaldor, and Lisa Maher. "Higher HCV antibody prevalence among Indigenous clients of needle and syringe programs." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 35, no. 5 (September 12, 2011): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2011.00743.x.

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25

Aspin, Clive. "Needle and Syringe Programs in the Community: Responding to Multiple and Diverse Needs." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 13 (2001): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000365.

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AbstractNeedle and syringe programs (NSP) are an integral component of Australia's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and as such, have been in place since the early days of the epidemic. Because of their early implementation, they have played a key role in helping to stem the spread of HIV among people who inject drugs. Also, they have been instrumental in ensuring that clients have had access to appropriate resources and education. However, these programs have often operated in the face of considerable resistance from a range of stakeholders and in particular, local communities. This article provides an insider's perspective on the operation of a large Sydney NSP and describes how the Program caters to the expressed needs of all members of the community, while continuing to provide an effective and responsive health service to people who inject drugs.
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26

Mogg, Daniel, and Michael Levy. "Moving beyond non-engagement on regulated needle-syringe exchange programs in Australian prisons." Harm Reduction Journal 6, no. 1 (2009): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-6-7.

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27

van der Meulen, Emily, Tara Marie Watson, and Ann De Shalit. "Insights on Prison Needle and Syringe Programs: Research With Former Prisoners in Canada." Prison Journal 97, no. 5 (September 12, 2017): 628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885517728901.

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Although injection drug use occurs inside Canadian federal prisons, the correctional service does not allow prisoners access to sterile injection equipment as a harm reduction measure. International evaluations have shown that prison-based needle and syringe programs (PNSPs) lead to many beneficial health and other outcomes, and contribute to safer environments for prisoners and staff. This article presents qualitative data from a community-driven study with 30 former prisoners in Ontario, Canada. Participants shared insights that are highly valuable for understanding the prison context in relation to the need for PNSPs, both in Canada and in other jurisdictions.
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Des Jarlais, Don C. "Systematic review research on needle/syringe programs and opiate substitution programs in low- and middle-income countries." Journal of Food and Drug Analysis 21, no. 4 (December 2013): S59—S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2013.09.035.

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29

Treloar, Carla, Max Hopwood, Kenneth Yates, and Limin Mao. "“Doing the devil’s work”: Emotional labour and stigma in expanding Needle and Syringe Programs." Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 22, no. 5 (June 23, 2015): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09687637.2015.1057553.

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30

SC Lim, Megan, Kavitha Sundaram, Campbell K Aitken, and Margaret E Hellard. "Blood-borne Viruses and Risk Behaviours among Injecting Drug Users Recruited from Needle and Syringe Programs in Victoria's Eastern Metropolitan Region." Australian Journal of Primary Health 13, no. 3 (2007): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py07040.

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Little has been reported about the risk behaviour and service accessibility of injecting drug users (IDU) living beyond the inner suburbs of Melbourne. This study describes IDUs in the Department of Human Services' Eastern metropolitan region (EMR), including the prevalence of blood-borne viruses and risk behaviours. Fifty-two IDUs were recruited directly from EMR Needle and Syringe Programs (NSP) and through snowball recruitment. IDUs completed a questionnaire and provided a finger-prick blood specimen that was tested for the presence of HIV and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies. No participants were HIV antibody positive; 29 (56%) were HCV antibody positive. HCV seropositivity was associated with having a tattoo in univariate analysis. The prevalence of HCV in surveyed EMR IDUs was similar to that of Victorian IDUs surveyed in the National Needle and Syringe Program Survey; however, the EMR sample exhibited significantly greater levels of risk behaviour, including the sharing of needles and other injecting equipment, and unsafe sex. Similarly, EMR IDUs from outer and rural suburbs reported greater levels of risk behaviours and lower levels of HCV infection than those from the inner EMR. This study shows that with high levels of risk behaviour and relatively low access to NSP services, Victoria's EMR IDU population is vulnerable to future blood-borne virus outbreaks.
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31

Quan, Vu Minh, A. Chung, and Abu S. Abdul-Quader. "The Feasibility of a Syringe-Needle-Exchange Program in Vietnam." Substance Use & Misuse 33, no. 5 (January 1998): 1055–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089809062206.

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32

Shahbazi, M., M. Farnia, and M. Keramati. "The first needle and syringe exchange program in Iranian prisons." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 14 (March 2010): e269-e270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.02.2086.

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33

Sulmasy, Daniel P. "Catholic Participation in Needle- and Syringe-Exchange Programs for Injection-Drug Users: An Ethical Analysis." Theological Studies 73, no. 2 (May 2012): 422–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056391207300207.

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34

Bozinoff, Nikki, Evan Wood, Huiru Dong, Lindsey Richardson, Thomas Kerr, and Kora DeBeck. "Syringe Sharing Among a Prospective Cohort of Street-Involved Youth: Implications for Needle Distribution Programs." AIDS and Behavior 21, no. 9 (April 13, 2017): 2717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-017-1762-1.

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35

Iversen, Jenny, Vivian D. Hope, and Jim McVeigh. "Access to needle and syringe programs by people who inject image and performance enhancing drugs." International Journal of Drug Policy 31 (May 2016): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.01.016.

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Williams, Bridget, Jessica Howell, Joseph Doyle, Alexander J. Thompson, Bridget Draper, Chloe Layton, Ned Latham, et al. "Point-of-care hepatitis C testing from needle and syringe programs: An Australian feasibility study." International Journal of Drug Policy 72 (October 2019): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.05.012.

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37

Tookes, Hansel E., Alex H. Kral, Lynn D. Wenger, Gabriel A. Cardenas, Alexis N. Martinez, Recinda L. Sherman, Margaret Pereyra, David W. Forrest, Marlene LaLota, and Lisa R. Metsch. "A comparison of syringe disposal practices among injection drug users in a city with versus a city without needle and syringe programs." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 123, no. 1-3 (June 2012): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.12.001.

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38

Ospina-Escobar, Angélica, and Fátima Juárez. "Gender matters? How does gender shape risk environment for syringe sharing among people who inject drugsin northern Mexico. Results from a cross-sectional survey." Salud mental 42, no. 4 (September 13, 2019): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2019.022.

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Introduction. HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) is 5%. Studies have found a HIV prevalence around 10% among women who inject drugs (WWID) and 5% among men. Objective. To describe characteristics of risk environment that play different roles among men and women who inject drugs in Mexico that could be associated with those differentials. Method. In 2012 were interviewed in Hermosillo and Ciudad Juarez in places where population gathered. From them, 824 PWID 74.0% were men and 26.0% were women. Using chi-square test we analyzed associations of gender with demographics characteristics, drug use dynamics, and injecting behaviors. We fitted different generalized linear mixed models with random effects to test the hypothesis that predictors of receptive needle sharing have different effects on men and women. Results. Descriptive analysis showed that women live in conditions of higher vulnerability than men in terms of migration, educational attainment, occupation, and income. Women also reported a higher frequency of drug injection, a higher number of drugs used, and a higher prevalence of sharing needles. Variables significantly associated with the likelihood of sharing needles were: having being injected for someone else at first drug injection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval CI [1.11, 2.25], p < .05); injecting once a day or more (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.17, 2.70], p < .05), using alcohol or drugs at least half of the time at their sexual encounters (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.16, 2.47], p < .05), experience of syringe confiscation by police (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI [1.13, 2.19], p < .05), and perceiving syringe availability as hard or very hard (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.49, 3.32], p < .01). For women the most significant variable associated with syringe sharing was perception of syringe availability (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI [1.25, 7.91], p < .05), while for men was syringe confiscation by police (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.20, 2.50], p < .05). Discussion and conclusion. Results suggests the need to design and implement harm reduction programs that tackle the specific need of WID. Enhancing syringe availability through permanent harm reduction programs, implemented in coordination between public health authorities and community-based organizations, is a basic action to stop HIV spreading among PWID in northern Mexico, along with the decriminalization policies towards these population.
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Islam, M. Mofizul, Libby Topp, Jenny Iversen, Carolyn Day, Katherine M. Conigrave, and Lisa Maher. "Healthcare utilisation and disclosure of injecting drug use among clients of Australia's needle and syringe programs." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 37, no. 2 (April 2013): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12032.

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Treloar, Carla, Jake Rance, Kenneth Yates, and Limin Mao. "Trust and people who inject drugs: The perspectives of clients and staff of Needle Syringe Programs." International Journal of Drug Policy 27 (January 2016): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.08.018.

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Jacka, B., A. Peacock, L. Degenhardt, R. Bruno, P. Clare, R. Kemp, A. Dev, and B. Larance. "Trends in PIEDs use among male clients of needle–syringe programs in Queensland, Australia; 2007–2015." International Journal of Drug Policy 46 (August 2017): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.048.

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42

McCormack, Angus R., Campbell K. Aitken, Lucinda A. Burns, Shelley Cogger, and Paul M. Dietze. "Syringe Stockpiling by Persons Who Inject Drugs: An Evaluation of Current Measures for Needle and Syringe Program Coverage." American Journal of Epidemiology 183, no. 9 (April 4, 2016): 852–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv259.

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43

O’Keefe, Daniel, Campbell Aitken, Nick Scott, and Paul Dietze. "Analysis of time of drug use according to needle and syringe program operating hours in Melbourne, Australia: Effects on individual-level needle and syringe coverage." Drug and Alcohol Dependence 191 (October 2018): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.007.

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Jacka, Brendan, Robert Kemp, Louisa Degenhardt, Amy Peacock, Philip Clare, Raimondo Bruno, Abhilash Dev, Oluwadamisola Sotade, and Briony Larance. "Trends in methamphetamine and opioid use among clients of needle-syringe programs in Queensland, Australia: 2007-2015." Drug and Alcohol Review 38, no. 2 (February 2019): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dar.12908.

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Topp, Libby, Jenny Iversen, Andrew Conroy, Allison M. Salmon, and Lisa Maher. "Prevalence and predictors of injecting-related injury and disease among clients of Australia's needle and syringe programs." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 32, no. 1 (February 2008): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00163.x.

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46

Strike, Carol, Tara Marie Watson, Paul Lavigne, Shaun Hopkins, Ron Shore, Don Young, Lynne Leonard, and Peggy Millson. "Guidelines for better harm reduction: Evaluating implementation of best practice recommendations for needle and syringe programs (NSPs)." International Journal of Drug Policy 22, no. 1 (January 2011): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2010.03.007.

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47

van Beek, Ingrid, and Karen J. Chronister. "Performance and image enhancing drug injectors’ access to needle syringe programs: Responding to a public policy dilemma." International Journal of Drug Policy 26, no. 9 (September 2015): 868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.05.009.

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48

Tsai, Tzu-I., Donald E. Morisky, and Yi-Ming A. Chen. "Role of Service Providers of Needle Syringe Program in Preventing HIV/AIDS." AIDS Education and Prevention 22, no. 6 (December 2010): 546–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2010.22.6.546.

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49

Ho, Minh Q., Elizabeth Dinges, Karen Slazinski, Jacqueline Byrd, and Mohammed Ahmed. "1197. Development and Implementation of Innovative Syringe Service Programs for Veterans in Rural and Urban Settings." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2021): S689—S690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1389.

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Abstract:
Abstract Background Syringe Services Programs (SSPs) is one aspect of a comprehensive Harm Reduction approach necessary to reduce the transmission of blood borne infections including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) estimates that in 2019 that 595,000 veterans engage in opioid misuse with at least 57,000 veterans engaging in heroin. Stigmas to SSP are pervasive in the community and within the government system. Federal law prohibited the use of federal funds to purchase sterile needles or syringes for the purposes of illegal use of drugs by injection. It was officially clarified in May 24, 2021 that the prohibition to purchase syringes does not apply to Veterans Health Administration (VHA). While awaiting approximately 2 years to secure this clarification, syringes were obtained through a community donation. We aim to describe our process including difficulties encountered and data collected for SSP at two locations. Difficulties included developing an anonymous process to track quality, motivating providers to refer, educating highest risk veterans, providing face to face engagement during COVID-19 pandemic and ability to mail Harm Reduction kits containing sterile syringes. Illiana VA Program Information Sheet Orlando VA Program Information Sheet Methods Of the 140 facilities within VHA, there are currently only two SSPs established, Illiana VA and Orlando VA. A retrospective analysis of Harm Reduction benefits was performed among veterans who engaged with the two SSPs between 2018 to 2021. Orlando VA SSP Intake Process Map Process that veteran undergo when they engage with Orlando VA SSP Contents of Standard SSP Kit Distributed to Veterans at Orlando VA Results Approximately 3000 syringes were dispensed. Of the 17 veterans, 65% received syringes, 82% received naloxone, 100% engagement in mental health and 94% engagement in substance use disorder clinics. In total, 65% were screened for HIV, 82% for HCV and 29% for sexually transmitted infections. Conclusion These numbers, while modest, are notable, especially given the financial and organizational barriers that were in place. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic impacted full implementation and outreach. With the recent, official clarification on syringe purchase and support for SSPs, the number of SSPs in the VA will grow, along with opportunity for more robust data collection. The experience of both facilities is a model for programs currently in development and moves us closer to ending the HIV epidemic by 2030. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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O’Keefe, Daniel, Angus McCormack, Shelley Cogger, Campbell Aitken, Lucinda Burns, Raimondo Bruno, Jenny Stafford, Kerryn Butler, Courtney Breen, and Paul Dietze. "How does the use of multiple needles/syringes per injecting episode impact on the measurement of individual level needle and syringe program coverage?" International Journal of Drug Policy 46 (August 2017): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.05.055.

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