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1

Meszka, Igor. "Chemical biology approaches within the NEDD8 pathway." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONT015.

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Une famille de petites protéines, appelée famille des molécules d'ubiquitine (Ubls), joue un rôle essentiel dans de nombreux aspects de la réponse au stress. Des défauts dans les composants de la famille de l'ubiquitine sont souvent retrouvés dans les pathologies, notamment dans certain type de cancer et les maladies neurodégénératives.L'une des Ubls qui présente le plus d'identité et de similarité avec l'Ubiquitine est NEDD8. NEDD8 fonctionne de manière similaire à Ub mais utilise un mécanisme de conjugaison distinct. La modification de NEDD8 est essentielle au maintien de l'homéostasie de la cellule car elle joue un rôle majeur dans la régulation de la viabilité, de la croissance et du développement. Pour cette raison, de nombreux composants de NEDD8 ont été dérégulés dans de nombreux cancers. NEDD8 peut modifier un large éventail de substrat protéique, et peut également s’auto-modifier entrainant la création de chaînes polyNEDD8. Récemment, la présence de chaînes polyNEDD8 a été liée à la régulation de la mort cellulaire - apoptose et parthanatos. De plus, il a été récemment rapporté que NEDD8 pendant un stress protéotoxique peut être employé par la machinerie de conjugaison Ub. Cela aboutit à la création de chaînes NEDD8 hybrides tels que NEDD8-Ub et NEDD8-SUMO. En effet, des articles récents ont montré que NEDD8 a non seulement la capacité de modifier Ub mais également SUMO-2. La présence des chaînes hybrides NEDD8 a été liée à la création d'agrégats nucléaires formés pendant le stress protéotoxique, ce qui peut jouer un rôle protecteur pendant l'exposition au stress.Connaissant l'importance de la régulation des protéines par la NEDDylation, nous étions également conscients du manque de connaissances sur le mécanisme qui joue un rôle dans la création et la déconjugaison des différentes entités NEDD8. Jusqu'à présent, deux enzymes déNEDDylantes ont été signalées, mais aucune enzyme n'a été testée pour sa capacité à reconnaître et à traiter les chaînes hybrides NEDD8. De plus, nos connaissances sur les ligases E3 responsables de la NEDDylation du substrat, bien qu'en expansion, sont encore très limitées. De plus, étant donné que NEDD8 peut s’auto-modifier via l’utilisation de l’une de ses dix lysines, elle peut générer une très large gamme de signaux par la formation de chaînes polyNEDD8 et hybrides NEDD8. Ces chaines peuvent être reconnues de la même manière que les chaînes polyUb, mais aucune étude ne s'est concentrée sur la détermination de leurs interacteurs jusqu'à présent.Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'exploration de ces mécanismes inconnus de conjugaison et de déconjugaison de NEDD8 mentionnées précédemment. En utilisant des approches de biologie chimique, nous avons testé une variété d'enzymes et déterminé que les chaînes polyNEDD8 sont exclusivement traitées par l'enzyme NEDP1. Cependant, la déconjugaison des chaînes hybrides NEDD8 nécessite l'action coordonnée de différentes enzymes de déconjugaison avec une spécificité distincte pour Ub ou SUMO. Nous avons également utilisé des dimères NEDD8-NEDD8 et NEDD8-Ub synthétisés chimiquement afin de rechercher leurs interacteurs et utiliser les données recueillies pour approfondir nos connaissances sur la biologie des chaînes hybrides NEDD8 dans les agrégats nucléaires. En utilisant les sondes NEDD8-Dha, nous avons identifié un groupe de protéines qui sont potentiellement impliquées dans la machinerie de NEDDylation. Par la confirmation biologique des résultats obtenus, nous avons montré que les ARNt ligases - GARS et SARS fonctionnent comme des ligases E3 de NEDD8. De plus, RNF20 fonctionne également comme une NEDD8 E3 ligase responsable de la NEDDylation de l'histone H2B mais aussi de PARP1 - une des protéines acteurs clés dans la formation des SG
Understanding how organisms respond to environmental stress has critical implications both on quality of life and treatment of diseases. Organisms have developed a series of sophisticated processes to detect and repair such damages. A family of small proteins called the family of Ubiquitin molecules (Ubls), play a critical role in many aspects of the stress response. Defects in components of the Ubiquitin family are often found in pathologic conditions including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding how the ubiquitin family is involved in the cellular stress response is an important step in the understanding of this process and can lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat diseases caused by malfunction of this system.One of the Ubls that has the highest identity and similarity to Ubiquitin is NEDD8. NEDD8 works in a similar manner to Ub, using a distinct conjugation machinery. NEDD8 modification is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the cell as it plays a major role in the regulation of viability, growth, and development. Because of that, many components of NEDD8 have been found deregulated in many cancers. NEDD8 can modify a wide range of substrate proteins, including itself, which results in the creation of polyNEDD8 chains. Recently the presence of polyNEDD8 chains has been linked to the regulation of cell death – apoptosis and parthanatos. Moreover, it has been recently reported that NEDD8 during proteotoxic stress can be employed by the Ub conjugation machinery. This results in the creation of hybrid NEDD8 chains where except for NEDD8, we can also find Ub and SUMO, as recent papers have shown that NEDD8 has the ability to modify Ub and SUMO-2. The presence of the hybrid NEDD8 chains was linked with the creation of nuclear aggregates formed during proteotoxic stress, which can play a potential protective role during stress exposure.Knowing how important the regulation of proteins through NEDDylation is, we were also aware of the lack of knowledge about the machinery that plays a role in the creation and deconjugation of different NEDD8 entities. So far two deNEDDylating enzymes were reported but no enzyme was tested for its ability to recognise and process the hybrid NEDD8 chains. Moreover, our knowledge about E3 ligases that are responsible for substrate NEDDylation, even though expanding, is still very limited. Additionally, NEDD8 having ten lysines through which it can modify itself, can generate a very broad range of signals through polyNEDD8 and hybrid NEDD8 chain formation, which can be recognised similarly to polyUb chains, yet no studies have focused on determining their interactors so far.In this work, we focused on exploring the beforementioned unknown elements of the NEDD8 conjugation and deconjugation machineries. Using chemical biology approaches we tested a variety of enzymes and determined that polyNEDD8 chains are exclusively processed by the NEDP1 enzyme, however, deconjugation of hybrid NEDD8 chains requires the coordinated action of different deconjugating enzymes with distinct specificity for Ub or SUMO. We also employed chemically synthesized NEDD8-NEDD8 and NEDD8-Ub dimers in order to look for their interactors and used the gathered data to deepen our knowledge about the biology of hybrid NEDD8 chains in nuclear aggregates. Using NEDD8-Dha probes we identified a group of proteins that are potentially involved in the NEDDylation machinery. Through biological confirmation of obtained results we have shown that tRNA ligases – GARS and SARS are working as NEDD8 E3 ligases. Moreover, RNF20 is also working as a NEDD8 E3 ligase responsible for NEDDylation of histone H2B but also PARP1 – one of the proteins that are key players in the formation of SG
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2

Drinjakovic, Jovana. "E3 ligase Nedd4 regulates axon branching by downregulating PTEN." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611503.

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3

Ruetalo, Buschinger Natalia [Verfasser], and Silke [Akademischer Betreuer] Wiesner. "Mechanisms underlying the regulation of Nedd4-family E3 Ubiquitin ligases / Natalia Ruetalo Buschinger ; Betreuer: Silke Wiesner." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1202774091/34.

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4

Escobedo, Pascual Albert. "Structural Insights into Substrate Binding and Regulation of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in the Nedd4 Family using NMR Spectroscopy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284605.

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Nedd4L is a HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase (it covalently binds ubiquitin molecules before transferring them to the final substrate). Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification (PTM) that labels proteins for a variety of fates, the most relevant one being proteasome-mediated degradation. Nedd4L is responsible for the regulation of the turnover of the sodium channel ß-ENaC as well as Smad2/3, mediator proteins of the signalling pathway activated by TGF-ß-like cytokines. It also targets the TGF-ß receptor itself. Defects in its function have been related to hereditary hypertension (Liddle’s syndrome), and could be relevant in certain sorts of cancer and metastasis. CDK8/9 and GSK3-ß are two kinases that regulate the phosphorylation of the Smads, enabling them to carry out their function in cooperation with transcription factors and other partner proteins. At the same time, they label the Smads for their recognition by ubiquitin ligases. This provides the cell with a mechanism to give a transient response to the cytokines of the TGF-ß type. In order to identify the residues and the phosphorylation patterns that are relevant for the interactions of the Smads with both the transcription factors and the ubiquitin ligases, we have prepared a set of phosphopeptides corresponding to the sequences of Smad1 and Smad3. Like all other members of the Nedd4 family, Nedd4L has a multi-domain architecture of the type C2-WW-HECT. Several ligases of the family exist in a latent conformation established through inter-domain contacts that occlude the catalytic site in the HECT domain, involving either the C2 domain (Smurf1, Smurf2, WWP2, Nedd4, Nedd4L) or the central segment where the WW domains are located (Itch). Certain cellular events displace these contacts, inducing the transition to the active conformation. In the case of Nedd4L, increases of the intracellular levels of Ca2+ activate the ligase. The hydrolysis of the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) delivers into the cytosol the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3), a second messenger that mobilizes the intracellular Ca2+ reserves. The C2 domain of Nedd4L interacts both with Ca2+ ions and with IP3. Using a structural and biophysical approach based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) we have described the specific interactions between the HECT and C2 domains that inhibit the catalytic function. Ca2+ binds the C2 domain with high affinity using the same binding surface and compromises these contacts. In addition, it mediates the interaction with IP3. These results provide the structural fundament for the activation and the relocation to the plasma membrane of Nedd4L mediated by Ca2+. The HECT domain has a highly conserved PY site (HECT-PY). The PY motifs are the sequences recognized by WW domains. Central to this recognition is the coordination of the tyrosine residue in the PY motif by the WW domain. In the crystallographic structure of the Nedd4L HECT domain the tyrosine residue of the HECT-PY motif appears buried in the hydrophobic core and not accessible for binding. It has been shown that the WW domains of Nedd4L recognize the HECT-PY motif of the ligase only after the unfolding of the HECT domain. We raised the hypothesis that the recognition of the HECT-PY motif by one of Nedd4L WW domains may play a role in the auto-ubiquitination mechanism of the ligase. Our data confirm that only when the fold of the HECT domain is partially damaged, the PY site is accessible for being recognized by the WW domains. We present the NMR solution structure of the complex between the WW3 domain and the HECT-PY motif. The site is protected in functional Nedd4L molecules, which are able to recognize it in damaged molecules and label them with ubiquitin for degradation.
Nedd4L és una E3 ubiquitín lligasa responsable de la regulació de la vida mitja del canal de sodi ß-ENaC i de Smad2/3, proteïnes mediadores de la ruta de senyalització activada per citocines TGF-ß. Defectes en la seva funció han estat relacionats amb la hipertensió hereditària (Síndrome de Liddle), i podrien ser rellevants en determinats tipus de càncer i metàstasi. CDK8/9 i GSK3-ß són dues quinases que regulen l’estat de fosforilació de les Smads, habilitant-les per dur a terme llur funció en cooperació amb factors de transcripció al mateix temps que les marquen per ser reconegudes per ubiquitín lligases. Amb l’objectiu d’identificar els residus i els patrons de fosforilació rellevants hem preparat un set de fosfopèptids que corresponen a les seqüències de Smad1/3. Nedd4L presenta una arquitectura multi-domini C2-WW-HECT. Diverses lligases de la família de Nedd4 existeixen en una conformació latent en què contactes inter-domini oclouen el lloc catalític en el domini HECT, involucrant bé el domini C2 (Smurf1/2, WWP2, Nedd4, Nedd4L) o la zona central amb els dominis WW (Itch). Certs esdeveniments cel•lulars desplacen aquests contactes, induint la transició a la conformació activa. L’increment dels nivells intracel•lulars de Ca2+ activa Nedd4L. La hidròlisi del fosfolípid de membrana PIP2 allibera l’IP3 provocant aquest increment. El domini C2 de Nedd4L interacciona tant amb el Ca2+ com amb l’IP3. Utilitzant l’RMN hem descrit els contactes HECT-C2 en la conformació latent i hem observat que el Ca2+ s’uneix al domini C2 amb alta afinitat utilitzant el mateix lloc d’unió, a més d’afavorir la interacció amb l’IP3. Així, hem aportat el fonament estructural per a l’activació i re­localització a la membrana cel•lular de Nedd4L. El domini HECT presenta un lloc PY altament conservat (HECT-PY). Els motius PY són reconeguts pels dominis WW. Proposem que el reconeixement del motiu HECT-PY per part d’un dels dominis WW de Nedd4L estigui implicat en l’auto-ubiquitinació. Hem observat que només quan el plegament del domini HECT està compromès, el lloc PY és accessible. Presentem l’estructura per RMN del complex WW3-HECT-PY. El motiu està protegit en molècules funcionals de Nedd4L, capaces de reconèixer-lo en molècules danyades i ubiquitinar-les.
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5

Takeda, Michiko [Verfasser], Hiroshi [Akademischer Betreuer] Kawabe, Nils [Akademischer Betreuer] Brose, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Stumpner. "The Role of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 in Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity / Michiko Takeda. Gutachter: Nils Brose ; Andreas Stumpner. Betreuer: Hiroshi Kawabe." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/104430779X/34.

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6

Visvalingam, Shivanthy Majella. "Regulation of growth, and insulin/TOR signalling by protein shuttling and the E3 ubiquitin protein ligase nedd4 in drosophila." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510254.

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7

Fiedorowicz, Katarzyna [Verfasser]. "Microgravity- and shear stress-mediated regulation of E3 ligase NEDD4 and its substrate Cx43 in endothelial cells / Katarzyna Fiedorowicz." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032899344/34.

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8

Altas, Bekir [Verfasser], Nils [Akademischer Betreuer] Brose, Judith [Gutachter] Stegmüller, and Dirk [Gutachter] Goerlich. "Roles of the Nedd4 Family E3 Ligases in Glial Function and Nerve Cell Development / Bekir Altas ; Gutachter: Judith Stegmüller, Dirk Goerlich ; Betreuer: Nils Brose." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1131875710/34.

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9

Hsia, Hung-En [Verfasser], Hiroshi [Akademischer Betreuer] Kawabe, Nils [Akademischer Betreuer] Brose, Judith [Akademischer Betreuer] Stegmüller, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Wodarz. "Roles of the HECT-Type Ubiquitin E3 Ligases of the Nedd4 and WWP Subfamilies in Neuronal Development / Hung-En Hsia. Gutachter: Nils Brose ; Judith Stegmüller ; Andreas Wodarz. Betreuer: Hiroshi Kawabe." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071713493/34.

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10

Spiegelberg, Larissa [Verfasser], and Friedemann [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber. "Das Ubiquitin-Proteasom-System und die Ubiquitin-E3-Ligase Nedd4 sind involviert in den Abbau der RNA-Polymerase II durch den Virulenzfaktor NSs des La Crosse-Virus / Larissa Spiegelberg. Betreuer: Friedemann Weber." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1082347027/34.

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11

Malbert-Colas, Laurence. "Recherche et identification de partenaires du canal épithélial à sodium ENaC : étude du rôle potentiel de ces partenaires dans la régulation de l'activité de ENaC." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077168.

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12

Kaplan, Öyküm. "Functional Analysis of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Developing Neurons." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0003-C191-E.

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13

Takeda, Michiko. "The Role of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Nedd4-1 and Nedd4-2 in Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-001D-AE3A-7.

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Nervenzellen sind hochspezialisierte Zellen, die an Synapsen miteinander verbunden sind, was die Übertragung von neuronalen Informationen erlaubt. Die Entwicklung von Synapsen und die Informationsverarbeitung und Gedächtnisbildung bei reifen Synapsen erfordert eine dynamische Umorganisation von neuronalen Netzwerken. Das beinhaltet die Bildung und Entfernung von Synapsen, Umsatz von synaptischen Proteinen und die Veränderung und Anpassung von synaptischer Erregungsübertragung. U. a. Ubiquitinierung, als regulatorische, posttranslationale Modifikation von Proteinen, könnte eine entscheidende Rolle für solche komplexe, synaptische Umorganisationen spielen. Nedd4-1, eine HECT-Typ E3 Ubiquitin Ligase, reguliert und fördert die Entwicklung von Nervenzellfortsätzen durch die Ubiquitinierung von Rap2. Um die Bedeutung von Nedd4-abhänginger Ubiquitinierung im entwickelten Gehirn zu untersuchen, wurden Mausmodelle generiert und analysiert, in denen Nedd4-1 und dessen nächstes Homolog Nedd4-2, speziell in Nervenzellen ausgeschaltet wurde. Ich habe herausgefunden, dass Nedd4-1 und Nedd4-2 wichtige regulatorische Proteine für die neuronale Morphogenese und die synaptische Plastizität, insbesondere die Aufrechterhaltung von LTP, darstellen. Desweiteren habe ich festgestellt, dass Synaptopodin (SYNPO), ein Prolin-reiches, Aktin-assoziiertes Protein, von Nedd4-1 und Nedd4-2 in vitro ubiquitiniert wird. Dieses Ergebnis deutet daraufhin, dass SYNPO in dem Mechanismus eine Rolle spielt, durch den Nedd4-1 und Nedd4-2 LTP aufrechterhalten. Diese Studie wirft ein neues Licht auf die funktionelle Rolle von Nedd4-abhänginger Ubiquitinierung bei höheren Funktionen des Gehirns von Säugetieren sowie der neuronalen Entwicklung.
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14

Gabrielli, Lisa Marie. "Regulation of the 3BP2 Adaptor Protein by the Nedd4 Family of HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligases." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/18292.

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3BP2 has been previously described as the protein mutated in the osteoporotic disorder, Cherubism. The gain of function mutation that characterizes Cherubism is the result of an uncoupling of its interaction with Tankyrase 2, which has been reported to stimulate 3BP2 ubiquitination. Here we describe an attempt at identifying the E3 ligase responsible for mediating this ubiquitination using four candidate members from the Nedd4 family. Based on their respective abilities to bind and ubiquitinate 3BP2, as well as their sensitivity to the presence of Tankyrase 2 and to 3BP2 mutations (including Cherubism mutations and mutations within the 3BP2 PPxY motif thought to confer binding to the Nedd4 proteins), we have determined that Smurf1 best fits our model. Further supporting these findings, we have seen an elevation in 3BP2 protein levels in macrophages derived from Smurf1-/-/Smurf2+/- mice. This work supports a role for the Nedd4 family member, Smurf1, in mediating 3BP2 ubiquitination.
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15

Altas, Bekir. "Roles of the Nedd4 Family E3 Ligases in Glial Function and Nerve Cell Development." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E3B-D.

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16

Zhong, Yunan. "Role of DNedd4 Splice Isoforms in Neuromuscular Synaptogenesis in Drosophila Melanogaster." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/27382.

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Drosophila Nedd4 (DNedd4), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is known to be involved in neuromuscular (NM) synaptogenesis during embryogenesis. To further elucidate its mechanism and function in this process, two major splice isoforms, dNedd4 short (dNedd4S) and dNedd4 long (dNedd4L), were studied. My work shows that while dNedd4S positively regulates NM synaptogenesis, dNedd4L plays a negative role in this process. Unique regions in dNedd4L, including the N-terminal 66 amino acid-long sequence (but not the putative dAkt phosphorylation site) and the middle 159 amino acid-long sequence, as well as the catalytic site, are required for its negative function. I proposed one possible mechanism of dNedd4L acting as a negative regulator of dNedd4S. Results from my studies of the putative effect of dNedd4L on the catalytic activity of dNedd4S in vitro, as well as on the function of dNedd4S towards Comm in Drosophila S2 cells, did not support this mechanism.
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17

Hsia, Hung-En. "Roles of the HECT-Type Ubiquitin E3 Ligases of the Nedd4 and WWP Subfamilies in Neuronal Development." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5FEE-4.

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18

Singh, Rajesh Kumar [Verfasser]. "Characterization of the Ubiquitin/Nedd8 E3 ligase activity of the Mdm2/MdmX complex / vorgelegt von Rajesh Kumar Singh." 2007. http://d-nb.info/986707201/34.

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19

Köhler, Anna Maria. "Specific ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation requires a trimeric CandA complex in Aspergillus nidulans." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E63E-9.

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