Journal articles: 'Neck'

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Zahrani, Faisal Al, Khalid Al-Qahtani, Mohammed Alshahrani, Khamis Almufargi, Abdullah Alkhudhayri, Labeb Obad, and Tahera Islam. "Incidence of Lymphatic Metastasis to Neck Nodes Level IIb in Neck Dissection for Head and Neck Cancers: A Retrospective Study." International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery 5, no. 3 (2014): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1192.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Selective neck dissection (SND) is performed to prevent head and neck cancers metastasis. We tried to determine the incidence of level IIb lymph nodes metastasis and it is associations in head and neck cancers for selection of patients requiring SND. Materials and methods A retrospective study was conducted on 57 patients who underwent surgical removal of the head and neck tumor by 84 neck dissections. Fisher exact test was used to measure the association between positive IIb nodes and the other variables. Results Nine (15.8%) of 57 patients showed level IIb lymph nodes metastasis comprising 10.71% of the 84 neck dissections. Six (66.66%) were associated with oral cavity cancers, 8 (88.9%) with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 6 (66.66%) with T4 tumor. Five (55.6%) were N2b, and 7 (77.8%) were found in N+ necks. All (100%) positive IIb nodes were associated with metastatic level IIa. Significant associations were found betweenpositive IIbnodesand N2b (p= 0.005), clinically N+ necks (p = 0.005) and IIa (p < 0.01). Conclusion The incidence of level IIb nodes metastasis is high so they should be removed in any oral tumor, SCC, advanced staging, N+ necks or positive IIa lymph nodes metastasis. How to cite this article Al zahrani F, Al-Qahtani K, Alshahrani m, Almufargi K, Alkhudhayri A, Obad l, Islam T. Incidence of lymphatic metastasis to Neck Nodes level IIb in Neck Dissection for Head and Neck Cancers: A Retrospective Study. Int J Head Neck Surg 2014;5(3):99-103.

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Leurs, Lina J., Guido Stultiëns, Jur Kievit, and Jaap Buth. "Adverse Events at the Aneurysmal Neck Identified at Follow-Up after Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneursym Repair: How Do They Correlate?" Vascular 13, no. 5 (September 1, 2005): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmvasc.13.5.261.

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The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of and the correlation between dilatation of the infrarenal neck and proximal device migration after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). The analysis made use of the EUROSTAR registry. Between 1994 and 2004, 4,233 patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm larger than 4 cm underwent EVAR. Only patients with available follow-up data regarding neck size and device position were included in this assessment. Chi-square and t-tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for comparison of discrete and continuous variables, respectively. Time-dependent variables were evaluated by log-rank tests. In addition, multivariate analysis was performed to determine anatomic and operative variables with an independent correlation with neck growth and device migration, respectively. In addition, the association with proximal endoleak was assessed. Neck dilatation and proximal migration were found in 1,342 (32%) and 192 (4.5%) of the 4,233 patients, respectively. One hundred twelve patients (2.5%) had neck dilatation and migration of the proximal device extremity. The correlation between proximal migration and neck dilatation was statistically significant ( p < .0001). Other independent variables for migration were a wider neck and aneurysmal diameter, shorter necks, proximal endoleak, and absence of suprarenal fixation. Neck dilatation was predicted by narrow necks, use of devices with suprarenal fixation, and larger device diameters. Proximal endoleak occurred in 136 (3.2%) patients and was significantly associated with shorter, angulated necks and proximal migration. The present study documented that migration may be caused by neck dilatation. However, neck dilatation was not significantly promoted by proximal migration. Other factors, such as dimensions of the neck, the device fixation system, and perhaps progressive wall degeneration, are also likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of neck dilatation. To obtain good results from EVAR, accepted criteria of neck dimensions should be adhered to.

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Friedman, Bruce Jay. "Neck and Neck." Antioch Review 63, no. 4 (2005): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4614887.

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Taylor, Michael A. "Neck and neck." Nature 341, no. 6244 (October 1989): 688–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/341688a0.

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Nakahara, Susumu, Yukinori Takenaka, Yoshifumi Yamamoto, Toshimichi Yasui, Atsushi Hanamoto, and Hidenori Inohara. "Clinical utility of CT and FDG PET/CT in assessing the neck in node-positive head and neck cancer after chemoradiotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): 6082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6082.

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6082 Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy has been widely accepted to treat locoregional advanced head and neck cancer, but the need for subsequent neck dissection remains controversial. Our objective was to determine whether CT or fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is superior in the evaluation of persistent nodal disease after chemoradiotherapy in patients with node-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods: Study entry criteria included node-positive HNSCC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy, a local complete response, and post-treatment CT and FDG PET/CT studies 11 weeks after chemoradiotherapy. Fifty-eight patients with 68 node-positive necks were eligible. Nodes larger than 1 cm (minor axis), or with central necrosis on CT, or any visually hypermetabolic nodes on FDG PET/CT were considered clinically positive. Regardless of PET/CT findings, necks with positive CT were subjected to neck dissection, whereas those with negative CT were observed without neck dissection. Results: Seventeen necks showed positive CT, 13 and 4 of which underwent neck dissection and fine needle aspiration cytology, respectively, resulting in pathologic evidence of persistent nodal disease in 5 necks. Four of 51 necks with negative CT developed regional recurrence. Diagnostic accuracy of CT and PET/CT is shown in table. In general, the negative predictive value (NPV) was equivalent between CT and FDG PET/CT, whereas FDG PET/CT was better than CT in the specificity and accuracy. Conclusions: In patients with HNSCC, both CT and FDG PET/CT after chemoradiotherapy have a high NPV for excluding residual regional disease and avoiding unnecessary neck dissection. Although the NPV is similarly high, PET/CT has superior utility compared with CT because the number of false positive findings is less in PET/CT than CT. [Table: see text]

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Barry, Janie, Marc-Olivier Kiss, Vincent Massé, Martin Lavigne, Jihad Matta, and Pascal-Andre Vendittoli. "Effect of Femoral Stem Modular Neck’s Material on Metal Ion Release." Open Orthopaedics Journal 11, no. 1 (November 29, 2017): 1337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001711011337.

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Background: In recent decades, the popularity of modular necks in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has increased since modular necks offer the potential to restore the patient’s native anatomy, and thus improve stability. Unfortunately, modular necks are associated with higher complication rates, including implant fracture and modular junction corrosion with adverse local tissue reaction to metal debris. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of modular neck material on titanium (Ti), chrome (Cr), and cobalt (Co) metal ion levels in patients who underwent a THA with Ti femoral stem, Ti or CrCo modular neck, and ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearing. Methods: Whole blood Ti, Cr, and Co levels were compared at a minimum 1-year follow-up in 36 patients who underwent unilateral, primary CoC large-diameter head THA with Profemur® Preserve modular femoral stems (MicroPort, Arlington, TX, USA). Results: Higher Co concentrations were observed in the CrCo modular neck group (0.46 versus 0.26 µg/l in the Ti neck group, P=0.004) and higher Ti concentrations were observed in the Ti modular neck group (1.98 vs 1.59 µg/l in the CrCo neck group, P=0.007). However, these differences were not clinically meaningful since the absolute values remained within what is considered the safe range of Ti, Cr, and Co ions in whole blood. No patients were re-operated or revised. Conclusion: Modular neck materials had an impact on whole blood metal ion levels but the concentrations measured remained within the safe range at 1-year follow-up. There were no indirect signs of modular junction corrosion with either CrCo or Ti femoral necks.

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Mira, Eugenio, Marco Benazzo, Vanessa Rossi, and Elisabetta Zanoletti. "Efficacy of Selective Lymph Node Dissection in Clinically Negative Neck." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 127, no. 4 (October 2002): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mhn.2002.128601.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of selective neck dissection (SND) for elective treatment of the clinically negative neck in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken on 91 previously untreated patients with T1–4 SCC of oral cavity (23), oropharynx (5), hypopharynx (7), larynx (56), and clinically negative neck (NO), undergoing 126 SND from January 1990 to March 1999 at a single institution. Twenty-five patients received postoperative radiation therapy on the basis of histologic evidence of >2 positive nodes, extracapsular spread (ECS), and/or the presence of advanced primary lesion. RESULTS: On pathologic examination the average number of lymph nodes was 20.5 per neck, occult disease was detected in 14 (11.11%) of 126 necks; of necks with positive nodes, 6 (42.85%) of 14 had ECS. The median follow-up was 36 months. Overall recurrence rate (local, regional, and distant) was 12.8% (11 of 91). Recurrent disease developed in the neck of one patient, outside the dissected field. There was no difference in recurrence rate between pN0 and pN+ patients, as well as between pN+ with or without ECS. Overall survival rate was 84% (77 of 91), with a statistically significant difference between pN0 and pN+ necks. CONCLUSION: SND seems to be a pragmatic approach that is as effective as comprehensive procedures for staging and treating the clinically negative neck.

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Chen, Qingjie, Wen Yan, Nan Li, Xiaoli Lin, Zhenyan Zhang, Bingqiang Han, and Yaowu Wei. "Effect of Al(OH)3 content on the microstructure and strength of porous cordierite-mullite ceramics prepared by an in-situ pore forming technique." Science of Sintering 50, no. 2 (2018): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1802205c.

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Five porous cordierite-mullite ceramics with similar porosity and different neck characteristics were prepared from Al(OH)3, magnesite, silica and clay using an in-situ pore-forming technique. The phase composition, pore and neck characteristics and strength of the porous ceramics were investigated by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a microscopy measured method, etc. The experimental results showed that Al(OH)3 content had a significant effect on the pore size distribution and neck characteristics (neck size distribution, total value of neck size and phase composition) and then affecting the strength. With an increase in Al(OH)3 content, the median pore size decreased, the total length of necks and the uniformity of neck size increased, also the mullite content of necks increased, resulting in the increase of strength of the porous cordierite-mullite ceramics. When the Al(OH)3 content was 64.9 wt%, the porous cordierite-mullite ceramics had the best performance of high apparent porosity of 45.1 % and high compressive strength of 55.9 MPa.

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de Waal, Patrick J., Johannes J. Fagan, and Sedick Isaacs. "Pre- and intra-operative staging of the neck in a developing world practice." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 117, no. 12 (December 2003): 976–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002221503322683876.

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Most patients with squamous cancer of the head and neck treated at Groote Schuur Hospital are from a poor socio-economic background with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other infections that may cause cervical lymphadenopathy resulting in overstaging of the neck.A retrospective review of 186 patients requiring therapeutic and elective neck dissection was undertaken and the sensitivity and specificity of clinical and intra-operative staging of the neck determined.Results showed overall sensitivity of staging at 80.1 per cent. Specificity was 52.2 per cent. Staging of the N1, N2b and N2c necks had positive predictive values of 53.2, 65.8 and 68.2 per cent respectively. Occult nodal metastases were present in 32 per cent elective neck dissections (END)s. Specificity of intra-operative staging of the N0 neck was 33.3 per cent and sensitivity was 72.4 per cent.Conclusions were that our indications for elective neck dissection are appropriate. The high false positive rates for staging of the N1, N2b and N2c necks, necessitate a change in management strategy.

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Pipka, Michael, and Pavel Mencl. "Neck-tongue syndrome." Neurologie pro praxi 23, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 90–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/neu.2020.083.

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Santoso, Leandro Vierry, Pauline Meryana, and Steven Wijono. "THE DURATION OF GADGET USE WITH DISABILITY LEVEL IN TEXT NECK SYNDROME ON WIDYA MANDALA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY STUDENTS SURABAYA." Journal of Widya Medika Junior 5, no. 4 (November 2023): 229–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/jwmj.v5i4.4966.

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Background: Technological advances in the telecommunications sector are experiencing rapid development. This lead to increasing gadget usage, which can cause neck pain, known as text neck. Objective: To determine the relationship between the duration of gadget use and the level of disabilities in text neck syndrome among students of UKWMS. Methods: This research used a cross-sectional design with a non-probability sampling technique, held from July 20-August 23, 2022, via questionnaire. The population of this study was UKWMS students, with a total sample of 203 subjects. The subjects entered into five groups namely group A(1-<2 hours), B(2-<3 hours), C(3-<4 hours), D(4-<5 hours), and E(≥ 5 hours). Then, it split using the NDI into without text neck, mild, moderate, severe, and complete disability. Results: In group A, without text neck five subjects. In group B, 23 subjects without text neck, and six with mild. In group C, there were 23 people without text necks, eight people with mild, and one subject with moderate. In group D, there were 22 people without text necks, 14 people with mild, and one with severe. In group E, there were 82 people without text necks, 17 people with mild, and one with severe. There were no complete disabilities in this study. Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test, which yielded p=0.396 (p>0.05). Conclusion: There’s no relationship between the duration of gadget use and the level of disability in text neck syndrome in UKWMS students.

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Tan, A., D. J. Adelstein, R. M. Esclamado, L. A. Rybicki, J. P. Saxton, B. G. Wood, R. R. Lorenz, M. Strome, and M. A. Carroll. "Does positron emission tomography (PET) improve our ability to detect residual neck node (NN) disease in patients with squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCHNC) after definitive chemoradiotherapy?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 5526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.5526.

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5526 Background: Management of the neck in patients undergoing non-operative treatment for SCHNC is controversial. This study details our experience using the neck exam, computerized tomography (CT), and PET to clinically evaluate patients for residual NN disease after definitive chemoradiotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with SCHNC with NN involvement at presentation, who were treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy using fluorouracil and cisplatin. Clinical restaging by neck exam, CT, and PET was accomplished 8–12 weeks after completion of treatment. Residual palpable nodes on exam, residual nodes larger than 1 centimeter, or with central necrosis on CT, or any residual hypermetabolic lymph nodes on PET were considered to be clinical evidence of residual NN disease. Persistent NN disease was confirmed only if pathologic involvement was identified at the time of neck dissection, or if regional recurrence developed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy (Acc) were calculated for all three clinical assessment tools. Results: The study included 43 patients with 64 positive necks at diagnosis, followed for a median of 11.5 (range 3.9–43.3) months. All but two patients are alive. Planned neck dissection was performed in 26 necks after chemoradiotherapy, and was positive in four. Recurrent primary site or NN disease prompted a delayed neck dissection in eight necks, which was positive in three. The utility of these clinical assessment tools and combinations thereof are detailed in the table . Conclusions: Residual NN disease after definitive chemoradiotherapy was infrequent and not well predicted by PET. A positive PET in this setting is of little utility. Although a negative PET was highly predictive for control of neck disease after chemoradiotherapy, it added little to the clinical neck exam and the CT. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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Marek, Ryan D., Peter L. Falkingham, Roger B. J. Benson, James D. Gardiner, Thomas W. Maddox, and Karl T. Bates. "Evolutionary versatility of the avian neck." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1946 (March 3, 2021): 20203150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.3150.

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Bird necks display unparalleled levels of morphological diversity compared to other vertebrates, yet it is unclear what factors have structured this variation. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics, we show that the avian cervical column is a hierarchical morpho-functional appendage, with varying magnitudes of ecologically driven osteological variation at different scales of organization. Contrary to expectations given the widely varying ecological functions of necks in different species, we find that regional modularity of the avian neck is highly conserved, with an overall structural blueprint that is significantly altered only by the most mechanically demanding ecological functions. Nevertheless, the morphologies of vertebrae within subregions of the neck show more prominent signals of adaptation to ecological pressures. We also find that both neck length allometry and the nature of neck elongation in birds are different from other vertebrates. In contrast with mammals, neck length scales isometrically with head mass and, contrary to previous work, we show that neck elongation in birds is achieved predominantly by increasing vertebral lengths rather than counts. Birds therefore possess a cervical spine that may be unique in its versatility among extant vertebrates, one that, since the origin of flight, has adapted to function as a surrogate forelimb in varied ecological niches.

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Payne, Katie S., Ryan K. Rader, Guido Lastra, and William V. Stoecker. "Posterolateral Neck Texture (Insulin Neck)." JAMA Dermatology 149, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.4054.

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Böhmer, Christine, Olivia Plateau, Raphäel Cornette, and Anick Abourachid. "Correlated evolution of neck length and leg length in birds." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 5 (May 2019): 181588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.181588.

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Despite a diversity of about 10 000 extant species, the sophisticated avian ‘body plan’ has not much changed once it was achieved around 160 Ma after the origin of powered flight. All birds are bipedal having wings, a rigid trunk, a short and ossified tail, a three-segmented leg and digitigrade feet. The avian neck, however, has always been regarded as a classic example of high variability ranging from short necks in songbirds to extremely long, serpentine necks in herons. Yet, the wide array of small to very large species makes it difficult to evaluate the actual neck length. Here, we investigate the evolution of the vertebral formulae in the neck of birds and the scaling relationships between skeletal dimensions and body size. Cervical count in birds is strongly related to phylogeny, with only some specialists having an exceptional number of vertebrae in the neck. In contrast with mammals, the length of the cervical vertebral column increases as body size increases and, thus, body size does not constrain neck length in birds. Indeed, neck length scales isometrically with total leg length suggesting a correlated evolution between both modules. The strong integration between the cervical and pelvic module in birds is in contrast with the decoupling of the fore- and hindlimb module and may be the result of the loss of a functionally versatile forelimb due to the evolution of powered flight.

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M, M. "Endoscopic selective neck dissection." Korean Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Society 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2023): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54441/jnn.2023.3.2.71.

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Lymph node metastasis stands out as the most influential prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell cancer. Although radical neck dissection was the initial method, over time, more selective neck dissection techniques which preserves more functions, have been introduced. The introduction of surgical endoscopy and robotic systems make selective neck dissection more feasible with hidden scar. This paper describes the details of the preparations and surgical procedures for endoscopic selective neck dissection (levels I, II, and III) through a retroauricular approach.

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Klein, Nicole, Andreas Christian, and P. Martin Sander. "Histology shows that elongated neck ribs in sauropod dinosaurs are ossified tendons." Biology Letters 8, no. 6 (October 3, 2012): 1032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0778.

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The histology of cervical ribs of Sauropoda reveals a primary bone tissue, which largely consists of longitudinally oriented mineralized collagen fibres, essentially the same tissue as found in ossified tendons. The absence of regular periosteal bone and the dominance of longitudinal fibres contradict the ventral bracing hypothesis (VBH) postulated for sauropod necks. The VBH predicts histologically primary periosteal bone with fibres oriented perpendicular to the rib long axis, indicative of connective tissue between overlapping hyperelongated cervical ribs. The transformation of the cervical ribs into ossified tendons makes the neck more flexible and implies that tension forces acted mainly along the length of the neck. This is contrary to the VBH, which requires compressive forces along the neck. Tension forces would allow important neck muscles to shift back to the trunk region, making the neck much lighter.

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Calvo-Guirado, José, Raúl Jiménez-Soto, Carlos Pérez Albacete-Martínez, Manuel Fernández-Domínguez, Sérgio Gehrke, and José Maté-Sánchez de Val. "Influence of Implant Neck Design on Peri-Implant Tissue Dimensions: A Comparative Study in Dogs." Materials 11, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102007.

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This in vivo study assessed (hard and soft) peri-implant tissue remodeling around implants with micro-ring and open-thread neck designs placed in a dog model. Twenty histological sections corresponding to four different implant designs that were placed in America Foxhound dogs were obtained from previous studies. All the implants had been placed under identical conditions and were divided into four groups: Group A, micro-rings on implant neck plus 0.5 mm refined surface; Group B, micro-rings on implant neck; Group C, open-thread neck; and, Group D, double-spiral neck. Eight weeks after surgery, the integrated implants were removed and processed for histological examination. Crestal bone loss and bone-to-implant contact was greater for micro-ring necks than open-thread necks. Soft tissues showed significant differences on both buccal and lingual aspects, so that the distance from peri-implant mucosa to the apical portion of the barrier epithelium was smaller in the micro-ring groups. So, in spite of generating greater bone-to-implant contact, implants with micro rings produced more bone loss than open-thread implants. Moreover, the outcomes that were obtained IPX implants smooth neck design produced less bone loss in the cervical area, following by Facility implants when compared with the other open thread and microthreaded implant designs. Implant thread design can influence on bone remodeling in the cervical area, related to bundle bone preservation.

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Yucel, T., I. Saatci, L. Sennaroglu, S. Cekirge, U. Aydingoz, and S. Kaya. "MR imaging in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with no palpable lymph nodes." Acta Radiologica 38, no. 5 (September 1997): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841859709172415.

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Purpose: To assess the efficacy of MR imaging in the detection of lymph node metastasis in patients with no palpable lymph nodes (“N0 neck”) who have squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. Material and Methods: MR neck imagings in 18 patients who underwent neck dissection (bilaterally in 2) for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region were examined preoperatively for the purpose of detecting lymph node metastases. The imaging features taken into consideration were: size (cutoff point 10 mm), grouping, presence of central necrosis, and appearance of extracapsular spread. The MR examinations comprised spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted sequences. The MR findings were compared with those of surgery and histopathological examination. Results:) MR suggested metastatic lymph node involvement in 5 necks. In 2 of these, central necrosis was seen in the enlarged lymph nodes. In a third, a grouping of the lymph nodes was noted. Extracapsular spread was not present. Histopathological examination revealed metastatic lymph nodes in 7 of the 20 necks, the rate of clinically occult disease being 35%, and 4 of them had been accurately graded by MR. There was one false-positive MR examination. The MR sensitivity was 57.1% and specificity 92.3%. Conclusion: MR may reveal metastatic lymph nodes in patients with no clinical evidence of metastasis. However, conventional MR techniques are not always sufficient for decision-making on surgery in cases of “N0 neck”).

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Roy, Birsubhra, Anshuman kumar, Rahul Kashyap, and Garima Rawat. "Evaluation of incidence of metastatic involvement of level IIb subgroup lymph nodes in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity." Journal of Dental Health, Oral Disorders & Therapy 11, no. 6 (2020): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdhodt.2020.11.00536.

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Background: To determine the overall incidence of level IIb lymph node metastases in N0/N+ neck and whether level IIb node removal is necessary in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patinets. Material and methods: A prospective analysis of 182 biopsy proven OSCC patients who underwent surgical excision of the primary lesion with safe margins. Based on the site, nodal involvement etc the planned neck dissection has been performed. Resected primary lesion and different levels of removed lymph nodes was marked and sent for histopathological examination. 26 (14.3%) patients underwent bilateral neck dissection and unilateral in remaining 156 patients (85.7%). Results: 22 patients in our study specifically had metastases in level IIb, representing 22 out of 182 patients (12%) and 22 out of 208 neck dissection specimens (10.5%), combining pathologically N0 necks and clinically node-positive necks. 31 patients reported with a local recurrence at 1-year follow-up period, whereas remaining 151 patients had no loco regional residual disease at 1 year follow up. All the patients with recurrent disease were provided palliative treatment. Conclusions: Our results indicate the importance of always dissecting level IIb nodes in case of high metastatic rate of patients with clinically positive neck nodes, exclusively staged as N2b or greater. However, for a therapeutic neck dissection, level IIb clearance should always be done if there are positive lymph nodes at level IIa clinically or intra-operatively on frozen section.

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Hoffstein, V., and S. Mateika. "Differences in abdominal and neck circumferences in patients with and without obstructive sleep apnoea." European Respiratory Journal 5, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.05040377.

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We have recently shown that patients with sleep apnoea have thicker necks than non-apnoeic snoring controls. However, it was not clear whether this difference simply reflects the fact that apnoeic patients are more obese than the non-apnoeic ones, or whether it represents a preferential distribution of fat over the neck region compared to the abnormal region. We therefore measured the neck and abdominal circumferences in a large group of 670 patients suspected of having sleep apnoea, all of whom had full nocturnal polysomnography, including measurement of snoring. We divided these patients into apnoeic and non-apnoeic groups based on the apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of 10. Apnoeic patients had significantly higher body mass index (BMI), neck, and abdominal circumferences than non-apnoeic controls. We then matched apnoeic and non-apnoeic patients exactly, one-for-one for BMI and age; this procedure left us with 156 patients in each group. Abdominal circumferences were similar, but the neck circumference was significantly higher in apnoeic patients (41.2 +/- 3.5 cm vs 39.1 +/- 3.7 cm, p less than 0.0001). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that neck circumference and BMI correlated significantly with apnoea (multiple R2 = 0.27, p less than 0.001) and snoring (multiple R2 = 0.19, p less than 0.001). We conclude that obese patients with sleep apnoea have fatter necks than equally obese non-apnoeic snorers, and that the neck circumference could be a significant determinant of apnoea and snoring.

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Subiadi, Subiadi, Surianto Sipi, and Fransiska Renita Anon Basundari. "DECREASE IN PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF GRAIN DUE TO NECK BLAST DISEASE IN SOME LOWLAND RICE VARIETIES." JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA 19, no. 1 (August 26, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.11974-81.

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Decrease in production and quality of grain due to neck blast disease in some lowland rice varieties. Neck blast disease of rice causes a decrease in yields both in quantity and quality. The study was conducted to see the effect of neck blast disease on the characteristics of grain and yields of several high yielding varieties of lowland rice. The varieties used were Ciherang, Inpari 4, Inpari 7, Inpari 8, and Inpari 9. The parameters observed were the incidence and severity of neck blast disease, the ratio of the size of the seeds of healthy and sick panicles and the estimated production. The analysis showed that all varieties planted were infected by neck blast disease, but based on Disease Incident rate in the Necks, Ciherang and Inpari 8 varieties reacted susceptible to neck blast disease, Inpari 7 and 9 were moderate and Inpari 4 was resistant to neck blast disease. The quality of panicle grain infected by neck blast disease has decreased the size of grain width and was significantly different from grain of healthy panicles in all varieties. The highest estimated productivity was Inpari 4 variety of 10,378 kg/ha which experienced a decrease in production by 35.86% and the lowest was Ciherang variety of 8,367 kg/ha which experienced a decrease in production by 48.37% when they were infected by neck blast disease.

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Brown, R. L., and M. Q. Edens. "On the relationship between neck length and bond radius during compression of snow." Journal of Glaciology 37, no. 126 (1991): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000007218.

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AbstractIn an earlier study on the variations in micro-structure during large volumetric deformations of snow, the authors observed that, contrary to expectations, the length of necked regions connecting adjacent grains did not necessarily decrease during compression. Rather, there was no discernible or predictable change in neck length, in some cases increasing and in others decreasing. Further evaluations of the data and an analysis of the mechanics of neck deformation determined that the process is complicated by three different effects: (1) increase in coordination number (number of bonds per grain), (ii) plastic deformation of the neck, and (iii) a geometric effect determined by bond growth and grain geometry. It is found that the first two effects tend to decrease the neck length and that the third produces an increase in mean neck length. A set of coupled differential equations is developed describing the variation of neck length and bond radius, and solved numerically for conditions consistent with the experimental data. Calculated results agree well with the data for the bond radius but the results for the neck length are less satisfactory. Reasons for this lie with difficulty in making accurate measurements of mean neck length from two-dimensional surface-section data and in the criteria for the definition of necks.

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Brown, R. L., and M. Q. Edens. "On the relationship between neck length and bond radius during compression of snow." Journal of Glaciology 37, no. 126 (1991): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000007218.

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AbstractIn an earlier study on the variations in micro-structure during large volumetric deformations of snow, the authors observed that, contrary to expectations, the length of necked regions connecting adjacent grains did not necessarily decrease during compression. Rather, there was no discernible or predictable change in neck length, in some cases increasing and in others decreasing. Further evaluations of the data and an analysis of the mechanics of neck deformation determined that the process is complicated by three different effects: (1) increase in coordination number (number of bonds per grain), (ii) plastic deformation of the neck, and (iii) a geometric effect determined by bond growth and grain geometry. It is found that the first two effects tend to decrease the neck length and that the third produces an increase in mean neck length. A set of coupled differential equations is developed describing the variation of neck length and bond radius, and solved numerically for conditions consistent with the experimental data. Calculated results agree well with the data for the bond radius but the results for the neck length are less satisfactory. Reasons for this lie with difficulty in making accurate measurements of mean neck length from two-dimensional surface-section data and in the criteria for the definition of necks.

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Wang, Jiajia, Wenfeng Jia, Fu Zhang, Xiqiang Ma, Zhaomei Qiu, Zhihui Qian, Luquan Ren, Zhijun Guo, and Yakun Zhang. "Study on the Structural Characteristics of Bird Necks and Their Static Motion Features in the Sagittal Plane." Coatings 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11101228.

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The necks of birds that possess complex structures, graceful curves, and flexible movements are perfect natural motion actuators. Studying their structural features, mechanic characteristics, and motion rules can provide valuable references for imitating such actuators and motion functions artificially. Previous studies have analyzed the influence of two-dimensional motion geometric features and anatomical structure of the neck on motion efficiency and motion stability. However, the mechanism of motion flexibility from the perspective of neck structure has not been investigated. This study investigates the general law of the relationship between the structural parameters and motion characteristics of birds’ necks using tomography technology and 3D reconstruction technology. The results show that the structural characteristics of geese and ducks are similar, and there are significant differences in joint motion characteristics. Geese obtains complex neck postures through active intervertebral joints and highly flexible facet joints and possesses higher neck flexibility than ducks. This study provides a generic measuring method for obtaining birds’ cervical spinal vertebral structural dimensional parameters and offers a new theoretical concept for bionic robotic structural design and manufacture.

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Kritpracha, Boonprasit, Jeremy Wolfe, and Hugh G. Beebe. "CT Artifacts of the Proximal Aortic Neck: An Important Problem in Endograft Planning." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 9, no. 1 (February 2002): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280200900117.

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Purpose: To describe the imaging error introduced by noncircular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) necks in axial and reformatted computed tomographic (CT) images and discuss the potential implications for aortic endografting. Methods: The records of 120 endograft patients with preoperative CT axial scans and subsequent 3-dimensional (3D) computerized reconstructions were reviewed. Maximum and minimum infrarenal aortic neck diameters were measured from axial CT scans and 3D reformatted slices at the same point on the vessel. Diameter measurements were made at the largest point within the 10-mm segment of vessel below the lowest renal artery. Excluded were aneurysms with proximal neck minimum diameters >30 mm, neck lengths <15 mm, or angulation >75° measured on the axial CT slice. Results: Measuring from reformatted CT slices, 86 (71.6%) cases had ≤2-mm differences between maximal and minimal neck diameters, comprising the “round neck” group A. In 34 (28.4%) cases, the neck was not round: 26 (21.7%) had diameter differences between 2 and 4 mm (group B) and 8 (6.7%) had a >4-mm difference (group C; range 4.1–8.1 mm). Although AAA diameter, neck length, and neck angle progressively increased as the difference between neck maximum and minimum diameters grew, i.e., greater eccentricity, these trends did not reach statistical significance. Mean infrarenal neck maximum diameter was significantly larger in group C (30.2 ± 3.4 mm) compared to groups A (23.0 ± 2.9 mm, p = 0.0002) and B (23.8 ± 3.6 mm, p = 0.0003). Hence, 28.4% of AAAs had a noncircular aortic neck of varying degree, and 6.7% had an eccentricity factor that may have clinical significance. Conclusions: This study confirms the importance of selecting an endoprosthesis sized 15% to 20% larger than the infrarenal aortic neck diameter. Three-dimensional reconstruction using reformatted CT slices perpendicular to the flow lumen is an important tool that offers enhanced accuracy of infrarenal aortic neck evaluation.

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Paleri, V., T. G. Urbano, H. Mehanna, C. Repanos, J. Lancaster, T. Roques, M. Patel, and M. Sen. "Management of neck metastases in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, S2 (May 2016): S161—S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221511600058x.

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AbstractThis is the official guideline endorsed by the specialty associations involved in the care of head and neck cancer patients in the UK. A rational plan to manage the neck is necessary for all head and neck primaries. With the emergence of new level 1 evidence across several domains of neck metastases, this guideline will identify the evidence-based recommendations for management.Recommendations• Computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging is mandatory for staging neck disease, with choice of modality dependant on imaging modality used for the primary site, local availability and expertise. (R)• Patients with a clinically N0 neck, with more than 15–20 per cent risk of occult nodal metastases, should be offered prophylactic treatment of the neck. (R)• The treatment choice of for the N0 and N+ neck should be guided by the treatment to the primary site. (G)• If observation is planned for the N0 neck, this should be supplemented by regular ultrasonograms to ensure early detection. (R)• All patients with T1 and T2 oral cavity cancer and N0 neck should receive prophylactic neck treatment. (R)• Selective neck dissection (SND) is as effective as modified radical neck dissection for controlling regional disease in N0 necks for all primary sites. (R)• SND alone is adequate treatment for pN1 neck disease without adverse histological features. (R)• Post-operative radiation for adverse histologic features following SND confers control rates comparable with more extensive procedures. (R)• Adjuvant radiation following surgery for patients with adverse histological features improves regional control rates. (R)• Post-operative chemoradiation improves regional control in patients with extracapsular spread and/or microscopically involved surgical margins. (R)• Following chemoradiation therapy, complete responders who do not show evidence of active disease on co-registered positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET–CT) scans performed at 10–12 weeks, do not need salvage neck dissection. (R)• Salvage surgery should be considered for those with incomplete or equivocal response of nodal disease on PET–CT. (R)

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Czech, A. V., and D. T. Safarov. "Reduction of Complex Spatial Warping of Crankshaft Forgings to Ensure Guaranteed Allowance for Root and Connecting Rod Necks." Vestnik IzhGTU imeni M.T. Kalashnikova 25, no. 1 (2022): 77–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2413-1172-2022-1-77-90.

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In the article, from the total set of dimensions of the crankshaft forgings, geometric accuracy indicators reflecting their complex spatial warping - the diametrical dimensions of the root and connecting rod necks, angular deviations of the connecting rod necks, the curvature of the third root neck, transverse displacement along the die line - are highlighted. To estimate the value of spatial warping according to the selected accuracy indicators during the period of durability of the engravings of die inserts, a batch of crankshaft forgings was measured, followed by probabilistic and statistical analysis in the form of plotting histograms of distributions, normal distribution curves and Shewhart charts. On the basis of the obtained statistical data of value variability, a combination of their values is considered, leading to scrap of crankshaft forging connecting rod necks in the form of defects caused by forging under-allowance or non-straightness after mechanical processing. Under-allowance for root and connecting rod necks occurs at minimum values of diametrical dimensions and maximum values of angular size deviations, non-straightness along the third root neck and transverse displacement along the die line. It was found that the diametrical dimensions of the root necks range up to 4 mm; for the first, second and the third neck it ranges up to 2 mm, for the second neck - up to 4 mm. To prevent under-allowance, the adjustment is carried out along the upper limit of the tolerance. The range of forging lateral displacements along the die line is up to 0.6 mm, that is close to the upper limit of the tolerance. The curvature of the forging found in different mutually perpendicular directions varies. For the first installation of correction operation is up to 1 mm, for the second installation it is up to 1.5 mm, which requires improvements. The most unstable indicator of the connecting-rod neck relative position is the deviation of their angular position, reaching values up to 2 mm of their positive and negative values. A technical solution for the local modification of the engraving profiles of die inserts for hot forging correction, allowing to improve the calibration scheme of the crankshaft forging and enhance stability of the crankshaft forging manufacture by angular deviations of the connecting rod necks, as well as to reduce bending along the third root neck is considered.

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Berceanu, Costin. "Neck." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 3 (2016): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1473.

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ABSTRACT Cystic hygroma (CH) is the most frequently seen fetal neck mass on the first-trimester ultrasound (US). Overall prognosis is poor with a high association with chromosomal and structural anomalies. When diagnosed prenatally, fetal karyotyping and detailed US evaluation should be offered. Prenatal and postnatal surgical or nonsurgical treatment options are available. Fetal goiter (FG) and fetal thyroid masses are rare fetal conditions and may occur as part of a hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, or euthyroid state. Screening for FGs should be carried out in pregnancies of mothers with thyroid disease. If a FG is detected, a detailed US examination should be performed. Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is characterized by bilaterally enlarged lungs, flat or inverted diaphragms, dilated tracheobronchial tree, and massive ascites. It is usually a lethal abnormality. Fetuses with suspected CHAOS should be referred to a fetal medicine center able to perform ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) delivery. Neck teratomas are associated with high mortality rates. Prenatal US diagnosis of cervical teratoma can be made at 15 and 16 weeks of gestation. Planning of delivery in a tertiary center allows the performance of EXIT. Lymphangioma of the neck usually diagnosed in late pregnancy could be traditionally referred to as CH, but there is a different prenatal history and outcome. How to cite this article Vladareanu R, Vladareanu S, Berceanu C. Neck. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3): 256-270.

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Duranceau, A., and G. G. Jamieson. "NECK." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 76, no. 1 (July 1985): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198507000-00048.

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Mendelson, Bryan C. "NECK." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 79, no. 2 (February 1987): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198702000-00076.

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Davis, Jon. "Neck." Iowa Review 31, no. 1 (July 2001): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.6606.

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Hazrati, Ezatollah. "NECK." Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 106, no. 2 (August 2000): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200008000-00073.

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NA;. "Neck." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 85, no. 4 (April 1990): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199004000-00066.

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Manstein, Carl H. "NECK." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 86, no. 1 (July 1990): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199007000-00065.

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Bingham, Hal G. "NECK." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 80, no. 4 (October 1987): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198710000-00066.

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Mendelson, Bryan C. "NECK." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 80, no. 6 (December 1987): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198712000-00054.

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Wood, David. "NECK." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 83, no. 3 (March 1989): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-198903000-00083.

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Pshenisnov, Kirill P. "NECK." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 91, no. 1 (January 1993): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199301000-00058.

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Boo-Chai, Khoo. "NECK." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 96, no. 3 (September 1995): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199509000-00043.

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Rousseau, P., and T. B. Hoshizaki. "The influence of deflection and neck compliance on the impact dynamics of a Hybrid III headform." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 223, no. 3 (August 20, 2009): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/17543371jset34.

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The objective of this study was to determine the influence of impact deflection and neck compliance on the Gadd severity index (GSI), peak linear acceleration, and peak angular acceleration during a front impact to a Hybrid III head using a pneumatic linear impactor. Impact deflection was performed by translating the headform laterally and was shown to be effective at reducing the linear and angular accelerations as well as the GSI. Neck compliance was altered using one Hybrid III 50th percentile neck and two modified Hybrid III necks. A less compliant neck increased linear acceleration but decreased angular acceleration and GSI. When compared with estimated injury thresholds, the results demonstrated that an increase in the lateral translation or a decrease in the neck compliance resulted in a significant decrease in the risk of injury as reflected by peak linear and angular accelerations and the GSI.

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Laly, Zacharie, Chris Mechefske, Sebastian Ghinet, and Tenon Charly Kone. "Sound absorption analysis of a metamaterial based on parallel dual Helmholtz resonators." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 155, no. 3_Supplement (March 1, 2024): A164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0027174.

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In this paper, a sound absorbing material consisting of four parallel dual Helmholtz resonators is proposed and its sound absorption coefficient is studied using finite element method. The dual Helmholtz resonator is made of neck-cavity-neck-cavity where each neck extends into each cavity. The sound absorption coefficient of the dual resonator presents two resonant peaks. It is demonstrated that when the radius of the first or the second neck increases, the two resonant frequencies of the sound absorption increase while they decrease when the length of the first or the second neck increases. The proposed material design, which combines four parallel dual Helmholtz resonators, presents eight sound absorption peaks and these eight resonant frequencies can be tuned to specific frequencies by adjusting the parameters of the necks. It is a compact sound absorber, which can help to attenuate the noise simultaneously at eight different frequencies in several engineering applications.

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Haqiqi, Nila ‘Uyun, Pradita Icha Listya Rini, and Ririn Krismiati. "Vertebrae Cervical of Egret (Egretta garzeta)." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 3 (April 30, 2020): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v3.476.

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Egret is a long-necked bird that is often found in several regions in Indonesia. Egret have different neck bone structure than the other birds. When flying position the neck can be folded to from the letter S and when taking food the neck can bend down unt il it reaches the ground surface. His neck is strong and cannot be broken. Egret’s neck is composed of 13 vertebrae, each of which has a different structure and functions. In sections C5 to C7 have special characteristics. The sixth neck bone lengthens and the arrangement of muscle connections is elastic. To observe the cervical vertebrae in Egret done by cleaning all attached tissue then observed using a binocular stereo microscope wurh a magnification of 0.8x. The observations show that at C5 it has a longer segment than the others and has posterior condyle. Then in C6 there is a pivot point that allows the Egret to pull their necks into an S shape and allows Egret to push the head forward and catch prey at high speed (Wheler, 1929)

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Suárez, Carlos, Jose Luis Llorente, Faustino Nuñez, Celso Diaz, and Justo Gomez. "Neck Dissection with or without Postoperative Radiotherapy in Supraglottic Carcinomas." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 109, no. 1 (July 1993): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989310900102.

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A retrospective review of 302 previously untreated patients with primary supraglottic carcinoma was undertaken to ascertain the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy. The 302 patients underwent a total of 383 functional neck dissections and 45 classic radical neck dissections. Pathological examination revealed nodal involvement in 117 patients (39%). In the histologically N0 group, the incidence of contralateral neck recurrence when a unilateral neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy were carried out was 8%, rising 21% when no postoperative radiation was given. There was no difference in the ipsilateral recurrence rate in the N0 group, radiated patients (3%) and nonradiated patients (2%). Similar figures were found in the N1 group. Bilateral functional neck dissection in histologically N0, N1, and N2 necks had similar recurrence rates with or without radiotherapy. Distant metastasis appeared in 10% of N0 patients and in 35% of N3 patients. Patients who received postoperative radiotherapy showed a significantly higher rate of distant metastasis (21%) than patients who did not (8%). The number of involved lymph nodes had no relevance both in neck recurrence and distant metastasis.

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Lüscher, N. J., J. Prein, and B. Spiessl. "Lipomatosis of the Neck (Madelungʼs Neck)." Annals of Plastic Surgery 16, no. 6 (June 1986): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000637-198606000-00008.

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M.V,, Sowmya. "Isometric Neck Exercises versus Dynamic Neck Exercises in Chronic Neck Pain." IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science 3, no. 2 (2014): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1959-03213243.

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CHONG, C. L., and S. B. S. OOI. "Neck pain after minor neck trauma—is it always neck sprain?" European Journal of Emergency Medicine 7, no. 2 (June 2000): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063110-200006000-00011.

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Eslam Pour, Aidin, Jean Yves Lazennec, Kunj P. Patel, Manan P. Anjaria, Paul Edgar Beaulé, and Ran Schwarzkopf. "Femoral stem neck geometry determines hip range of motion shape." Bone & Joint Research 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/2046-3758.1012.bjr-2021-0273.r1.

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Aims In computer simulations, the shape of the range of motion (ROM) of a stem with a cylindrical neck design will be a perfect cone. However, many modern stems have rectangular/oval-shaped necks. We hypothesized that the rectangular/oval stem neck will affect the shape of the ROM and the prosthetic impingement. Methods Total hip arthroplasty (THA) motion while standing and sitting was simulated using a MATLAB model (one stem with a cylindrical neck and one stem with a rectangular neck). The primary predictor was the geometry of the neck (cylindrical vs rectangular) and the main outcome was the shape of ROM based on the prosthetic impingement between the neck and the liner. The secondary outcome was the difference in the ROM provided by each neck geometry and the effect of the pelvic tilt on this ROM. Multiple regression was used to analyze the data. Results The stem with a rectangular neck has increased internal and external rotation with a quatrefoil cross-section compared to a cone in a cylindrical neck. Modification of the cup orientation and pelvic tilt affected the direction of projection of the cone or quatrefoil shape. The mean increase in internal rotation with a rectangular neck was 3.4° (0° to 7.9°; p < 0.001); for external rotation, it was 2.8° (0.5° to 7.8°; p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study shows the importance of attention to femoral implant design for the assessment of prosthetic impingement. Any universal mathematical model or computer simulation that ignores each stem’s unique neck geometry will provide inaccurate predictions of prosthetic impingement. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(12):780–789.

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Wiseman, Sam M., Thorn R. Loree, Wesley L. Hicks, and Nestor R. Rigual. "Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in SCC of the Head and Neck: A Major Advance in Staging the NO Neck." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 81, no. 3 (March 2002): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556130208100310.

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The management of the NO neck in patients with head and neck cancer is controversial. Neck dissection provides important staging information that guides patient treatment. We examined the feasibility of using a dye technique for staging patients by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNBX). We studied seven patients with previously untreated early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and NO necks. Each patient underwent SLNBX guided by an intraoperative injection of 1% isosulfan blue dye. An open biopsy of the sentinel node was followed by neck dissection. We identified the sentinel node in four of the seven patients (57%). The sentinel node accurately predicted the pathologic status of the neck in three of these four patients (75%). In one of the three patients, the sentinel node was one of four histopathologically positive nodes, whereas in two others, the neck was free of disease. One patient had a histopathologically negative sentinel node and tumor metastasis present in the neck. Of the four patients in whom a sentinel node was identified, the negative predictive value for the absence of cervical metastases was 67%. Based on our findings and those of other authors, we conclude that the use of blue dye in lymphatic mapping for SLNBX in head and neck cancer patients is technically feasible but of limited clinical utility. Our literature review also suggests that performing SLNBX with a radiotracer technique or a combination of a radiotracer and blue dye is a promising method of staging the NO neck in head and neck cancer patients and warrants further clinical study.

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Papadakis, Nikolaos M., and Georgios E. Stavroulakis. "FEM Investigation of a Multi-Neck Helmholtz Resonator." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2023): 10610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910610.

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An increasingly significant area of research with several applications in numerous disciplines is that of multi-neck Helmholtz resonators. This research is set to explore the accuracy and applicability of the finite element method (FEM) for the calculation of the resonance frequency of multi-neck Helmholtz resonators. The FEM is employed for the estimation of the resonance frequency in various cases of multi-neck Helmholtz resonators: with cylindrical or spherical bodies, with unflanged or flanged necks of various dimensions and with various combinations of the above. Also, single neck resonators are examined. The FEM results are compared with the results of a recently proposed theoretical model available in the literature and with the outcome of the lumped element approximation (multi-neck) accounting for the added neck surface area. Comparisons revealed little deviation between the FEM and theoretical model (less than 1.1% error of calculation for every case). On the contrary, in comparison with the lumped element approximation (multi-neck), the error of calculation is significant (up to 40.3% for the cases examined). The FEM will prove useful in expanding our understanding of how multi-neck Helmholtz resonators perform under various conditions and configurations. The present research, which highlights the applicability of the FEM for the calculations of the resonance frequency of multi-neck Helmholtz resonators, goes a step further; this approach can be applied in special cases where it is not trivial to apply an analytical formula. The method can be used for applications of multi-neck Helmholtz resonators for various fields such as acoustic metamaterials, musical acoustics and noise mitigation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Neck'

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