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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Necessity

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Academic literature on the topic 'Necessity'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 June 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Necessity"

1

Joldasbaevna, Otegenova Luiza. "THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NECESSARY DEFENSE AND EXTREME NECESSITY." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 04, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume04issue10-10.

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This article analyzes the difference between necessary defense and extreme necessity. In addition, the article analyzes the social danger and wrongfulness of an act committed by an arrested person for causing harm during the detention of a person who has committed a crime, the harm caused to him is associated with specific circumstances and does not deviate from the limits of actions necessary for detention.

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O’Connor, Timothy. "Is God’s Necessity Necessary?" Philosophia Christi 12, no. 2 (2010): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pc201012230.

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von Kotze, Astrid. "Making beauty necessary and necessity beautiful." European Journal for Research on the Education and Learning of Adults 10, no. 2 (March 13, 2019): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/rela.2000-7426.rela9143.

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Sim, In-Hye. "Necessity in International Law - the Relationship between Necessity as a Circumstance Precluding Wrongfulness and the Necessity Test in International Trade Law -." Yonsei Law Review 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 321–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21717/ylr.27.2.9.

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Reinisch, August. "How Necessary is Necessity for International Organizations?" International Organizations Law Review 3, no. 2 (2006): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157237406780331652.

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Gearty, Conor. "Necessity: A Necessary Defence in Criminal Law?" Cambridge Law Journal 48, no. 3 (November 1989): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300109572.

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Haas, Eileen M. "Necessity." Journal of Children's Communication Development 18, no. 1 (January 1997): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152574019701800110.

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Miller, Scott A., Wendy L. Custer, and Gillian Nassau. "Children's understanding of the necessity of logically necessary truths." Cognitive Development 15, no. 3 (July 2000): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0885-2014(00)00034-4.

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Pothos, Emmanuel M., Ulrike Hahn, and Mercè Prat-Sala. "Contingent necessity versus logical necessity in categorisation." Thinking & Reasoning 16, no. 1 (February 2010): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13546780903442383.

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Masterton, George. "Physical Necessity is Not Necessity Tout Court." Metaphysica 13, no. 2 (May 24, 2012): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12133-012-0101-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Necessity"

1

Demeo, Elizabeth. "Accidental necessity." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/rp/demeoe/elizabethdemeo.pdf.

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Sabbarton-Leary, Nigel. "Naming without necessity." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1151/.

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In this thesis I argue that we should break with the dominant Kripkean tradition concerning natural kind terms and theoretical identity. I claim that there is just no interesting connection between the metaphysics and semantics of natural kind terms, and demonstrate this by constructing a version of descriptivism that is combined with the same metaphysics – that is, a nontrivial version of essentialism – found in Kripke, but which effectively avoids all of the standard criticisms. With my version of descriptivism in place, I present what I take to be the most reasonable version of metaphysical essentialism, positing only what I call 'thin' essences. I claim that thin essences are perfectly adequate to underpin scientific realism, and moreover that they are sufficient to support the version of descriptivism developed here. In effect, what I offer here is an error theory of the Kripkean tradition: Kripke is right to think that there are interesting things to say about meaning and essence, but just wrong about what those things are. Thus whilst Kripke thinks that it is possible to make discoveries about the meanings of natural kind terms, I think, rather, that we make empirical discoveries that lead to revisions in meaning. Furthermore, whilst Kripke thinks there is a dichotomy between de re and de dicto necessity, and that theoretical identities are necessary de re, I think this distinction is both misleading and inaccurate, and that the necessity of theoretical identities is neither entirely de re nor entirely de dicto. By separating and insulating questions concerning meaning from questions concerning essence I show that whilst scientific discoveries are contingent and a posteriori, the definition of scientific terms are both necessary and a priori.

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Grotvedt, Haze Tristan Jamison. "Necessity and Propositions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17213.

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Some propositions are not only true, but could not have been otherwise, no matter how things had turned out. Under what conditions do propositions have this property of being necessarily true? This thesis examines some existing answers to this question and develops a new answer: a proposition is necessary iff it is, or is implied by, a proposition which is both true and inherently counterfactually invariant. The notion of inherent counterfactual invariance is introduced especially for the purpose of giving this answer. In support of this answer, an approach to a cluster of key issues in the philosophy of language is suggested.

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Liu, Bin. "Conventionalism and Necessity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16603.

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I argue that conventionalism is a promising doctrine by defending it against the following four major objections. (1) Quine’s objection to truth by convention. (2) Quine’s objection regarding the definition of analytic, and regarding the distinction between the analytic and synthetic. (3) The objection from the necessary a posteriori. (4) The contingency problem. Some of the objections apply to analytic propositions, whereas some of them apply to necessary a posteriori propositions. I take Ayer’s doctrine as a typical version of Traditional Conventionalism. I develop my Revised Conventionalism about analytic propositions based on Ayer’s doctrine. The main revisions I argue for include that analytic propositions are a model constructed from our use of language, and that the necessity of analytic propositions can be given up. I take Sidelle’s doctrine as a typical version of Neo-Conventionalism. I develop my Revised Conventionalism about necessary a posteriori propositions based on Sidelle’s view. The main revision I argue for is that purportedly unrestricted necessary a posteriori propositions are only restrictedly necessary. I argue that my Revised Conventionalism can withstand the above four major objections. Conventionalism opens up a new line of thought for resolving philosophical problems. That is, conventionalism proposes explanations by virtue of our use of language, rather than by virtue of objective reality or by the nature of our thought. Given my defence of conventionalism, it follows that we can use the conventionalist line of thought to resolve a wide range of philosophical problems.

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Welch, Allison Pearl Snow. "Necessity and nostalgia." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1107.

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Why do we keep things? To remember. Bedside tables are our modern-day altars, places where habit, respect, mystery, and love collide. Our physical materials wait while we travel through dreams, coaxing us back into activity come morning. Books and remote controls summon sleep, alarm clocks and written reminders startle the mind into a wakeful state. But not all objects are directly linked to sleeping or waking; some things simply exist to comfort us, reflecting our need to gather, collect, and nest.

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Lancaster, Philip Charles. "Reason, necessity and genocide." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9233.

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This work examines core assumptions of the rationalism that underlies liberal political theory by placing it against the background of a dramatic historical phenomenon---genocide. An attempt is made to draw on historical accounts of two genocides to develop a critique of liberal political theory as it has been articulated during the latter years of the 20th Century by John Rawls. Ultimately, this thesis attempts to sort out the conceptual problems arising at the junction point of normative and descriptive theories of politics and argues that the basic elements of both kinds theories would benefit greatly from closer attention to history. The first chapter is devoted to a discussion of the ways in which political reason can be adapted to the needs of state and suggests that there are problems associated with the attempt to universalize the notion of human rights across a community of nations lacking the basic contextual requirements for rights. Chapter two considers the uncomfortable fit between political structure and value in liberal political theory. It argues that the administrative structure of states now exists as an important part of contemporary formal reality and thus ought to be a critical element in any serious study of politics. An argument begins here that works towards the final conclusion that states constitute an arena within which individualist and collectivist values collide. The third chapter examines the relationship between liberal values and rationality. It includes a technical discussion of Max Weber's theory of rationality but limits the discussion to political applications. This chapter raises a series of questions about the concept of rationality used in the construction of political theory. Chapters four, five and six examine the complications that arise when a liberal perspective is taken to issues of ontological existence, community values and the powers inhering in states to shape identity frames in the interests of administrative efficiency. This leads into a more technical discussion of rationality as represented in the theories of John Rawls and Alan Gewirth that is contained in the seventh chapter. Chapters eight and nine are devoted to discussions of elements of the Holocaust and the Rwandan genocide respectively. Both examples are used as a means of illustrating the complex power relations arising out of the various forms of collective agency needed to sustain state sovereignty and which complicate political theory far beyond the explanatory power of liberal rationalism. The examples are used to argue that theories based on notions of disassociated rational persons just fail to support their normative conclusions. The final chapter argues for a re-examination of the way in which political theory is read and suggests that liberal theory, in particular, tends towards abstraction in ways that limit its usefulness as either explanatory or normative theory.

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Lancaster, Phil. "Reason, necessity and genocide." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ57050.pdf.

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Williams, S. G. "Meaning, validity and necessity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354816.

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Cassam, A.-Q. A. "Transcendental arguments and necessity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371605.

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Pollock, William J. "The epistemology of necessity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4053.

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The thesis examines the direct reference theory of proper names and natural kind terms as expounded by Saul Kripke, Hilary Putnam and others and finds that it has not succeeded in replacing some kind of description theory of the reference of such terms - although it does concede that the traditional Fregean theory is not quite correct. It is argued that the direct reference theory is mistaken on several counts. First of all it is question-begging. Secondly, it is guilty of a 'use/mention' confusion. And thirdly, and most importantly, it fails to deal with the notion of understanding. The notion of understanding is crucial to the present thesis - specifically, what is understood by a proper name or natural kind term. It is concluded that sense (expressed in the form of descriptions) is at least necessary for reference, which makes a significant difference to Kripke's claim that there are necessary a posteriori truths as well as contingent a priori truths. It is also argued that sense could be sufficient for reference, if it is accepted that it is speakers who effect reference. In this sense, sense determines reference. The thesis therefore not only argues against the account of reference given by the direct reference theorists, it also gives an account of how proper names and natural kind terms actually do function in natural language. As far as the epistemology of necessity is concerned the thesis concludes that Kripke (along with many others) has not succeeded in establishing the existence of the necessary a posteriori nor the contingent a priori from the theory of direct reference. Whether such truths can be established by some other means, or in principle, is not the concern of the thesis; although the point is made that, if a certain view of sense is accepted, then questions of necessity and a priority seem inappropriate.

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Books on the topic "Necessity"

1

Necessity. Nottingham, England: Slow Dancer, 1988.

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Necessity. New York, N.Y: New American Library, 1985.

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Garfield, Brian. Necessity. New York, N.Y: New American Library, 1985.

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Houston, Libby. Necessity. Nottingham: Slow Dancer, 1988.

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Necessity. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2002.

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Mitchell, Sharon. Sheer necessity. New York: Signet, 2000.

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Sheer necessity. New York: Dutton, 1999.

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1954-, Bull Emma, ed. Freedom & necessity. New York: TOR, 1997.

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Matthews, Carole. Bare necessity. New York: Avon Books, 2003.

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Cassella, Sarah. La nécessité en droit international: De l'état de nécessité aux situations de nécessité. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Necessity"

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Peregrin, Jaroslav. "Necessity." In Doing Worlds with Words, 177–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8468-5_10.

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Bencivenga, Ermanno. "Necessity." In Theories of the Logos, 61–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63396-1_5.

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Lilienthal, Gary. "Necessity (Foundations of)." In Elgar Encyclopedia of Crime and Criminal Justice. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781789902990.necessity.

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"Necessity." In Consumerism in Twentieth-Century Britain, 25–26. Cambridge University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511610097.002.

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Leftow, Brian. "Necessity." In The Cambridge Companion to Christian Philosophical Theology, 15–30. Cambridge University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ccol9780521514330.002.

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"Necessity." In Unilateral Remedies to Cyber Operations, 201–58. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108807050.009.

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"Necessity." In Quiddities, 139–42. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1smjtmt.55.

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"Necessity." In Encyclopedia of Renaissance Philosophy, 2312. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14169-5_300219.

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Mann, William E. "Necessity." In God, Modality, and Morality, 145–52. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199370764.003.0009.

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Hossack, Keith. "Necessity." In The Metaphysics of Knowledge, 125–68. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199206728.003.0004.

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Conference papers on the topic "Necessity"

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Kovács, Sándor. "Political Necessity." In MultiScience - XXXI. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2017.108.

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Zhao, Le, and Jamie Callan. "Term necessity prediction." In the 19th ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1871437.1871474.

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de Jong, Michiel, Marike Hettinga, Vera Stara, Vanessa Evers, and Jamy Li. "Eldertainment or functional necessity?" In UbiComp '19: The 2019 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3341162.3343827.

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Apostol, Ciprian. "Sustainability - fad or necessity." In The 5th Economic International Conference “Competitiveness and sustainable development“. Technical University of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2023.06.

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The current development stage of the world economy is characterized by a series of transformations with a major impact on life on Earth. Today, we are benefiting from the advantages of the progress achieved so far, but we are also facing a number of problems caused by the limitation of natural resources, pollution, global warming etc., as well as many unknowns arising from the development of technology and research. For this reason, this whole development process will have to be carried out with more caution, less waste and with respect for all the measures adopted to protect the environment. The whole approach involves a descriptive and comparative analysis of the current process of socioeconomic development with the aim of identifying, raising awareness and managing potential threats to the coexistence of the biosphere and human civilisation. The originality of the study lies in the use of current information on the subject, obtained from various sources, such as competent bodies, the media and specialist literature. By drawing attention to the devastating effects that intensive and irresponsible development with a multitude of unknowns can have, the aim is to sound a serious alarm before it is too late. Terms such as responsibility, prudence, vigilance, sustainable development should not be missing from any management plan, both at company and macroeconomic level.

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Li, Cun-lin. "Bimatrix games in necessity space." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csae.2011.5952534.

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Zamorev, Anton. "On Moral Freedom And Necessity." In 18th PCSF 2018 - Professional Сulture of the Specialist of the Future. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.02.176.

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"Analog BICMOS: Luxury or Necessity?" In Proceedings ISSCC '95 - International Solid-State Circuits Conference. IEEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isscc.1995.535448.

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Heirman, Donald N. "Vertical Site Attenuation - A Necessity!" In 1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isemc.1986.7568265.

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Ahlers, R. J., and K. Kille. "Parallel Algorithms - Necessity and Restrictions." In 1989 Symposium on Visual Communications, Image Processing, and Intelligent Robotics Systems, edited by Michael J. W. Chen. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.969960.

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Sharma, Deepshikha, R. B. Patel, and B. P. Singh. "Cogeneration—Necessity and Existing Barriers." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON METHODS AND MODELS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICM2ST-11). AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3669956.

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Reports on the topic "Necessity"

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Ghosh, C. N. Nuclear Weapon A Necessity? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280655.

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R. Linden. The Necessity of Geologic Disposal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837685.

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Shuck, Roger L. Afghanistan: A War of Necessity? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada518327.

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Rodríguez Burgos, Ojel L. Necessity Has Triumphed over Desire. Puerto Rico Institute for Economic Liberty, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53095/13582004.

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Liberalism is the political doctrine that built and dominates our modern world; yet the liberalism of desire that fostered the construction of this world has been transformed into a liberalism of necessity—a liberalism that constructs politics as a dichotomy between oppressors and victims. This kind of politics requires the power of the State to save individuals from victimhood; however, only the individual acting freely can mitigate their suffering.

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Zant, R. D. The Necessity of Preemptive Military Action. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada510565.

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Barrineau, James E. Securing American Cyberspace: A Strategic Necessity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada424249.

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Petrequin, Gregory J. Effective Drop Zone Control: A Joint Necessity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada397479.

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SMITH, K. E. Multi-Canister overpack necessity of the rupture disk. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/11252.

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Cook, Samuel C. United States Amphibious Forcible Entry: An Expensive Necessity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada543197.

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Spencer, Michael A. The Operational Necessity for Logistics Common Operating Picture. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425990.

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