Journal articles on the topic 'Necessary Means/Measures'
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1
Colmar, Susan, Amanda Maxwell, and Leanne Miller. "Assessing Intellectual Disability in Children: Are IQ Measures Sufficient, or Even Necessary?" Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2006): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.16.2.177.
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AbstractA number of critical issues concerning the assessment of children with intellectual disabilities, including definitional problems, psychometric factors, and practical difficulties, are raised in this article. It is suggested that school counsellors and psychologists should consider these issues when assessing children with probable or known intellectual disabilities, particularly when using IQ tests. The use of adaptive scales as an additional means of defining and measuring intellectual disability is also examined. Although no ideal means of formally assessing children with intellectual disabilities is put forward, a range of concerns is explored and some suggestions for appropriate additions and caveats to present practice are proposed.
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Kruglova, Yulia B., and Oksana V. Misyakova. "Migration Security and Its Assurance by Administrative Coercion Means." Migration law 1 (February 22, 2024): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1182-2024-1-19-21.
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The article studies effectiveness of the use of administrative coercion measures as a measure aimed at ensuring and maintaining the migration security of Russia at the present time. The measures implemented by the state to ensure migration security in the form of administrative responsibility no longer correspond to the goals set for them. Authors come to the conclusions: in order to ensure the migration security of Russia, it is necessary to tighten the measures of administrative responsibility for violation of migration rules (increasing the statute of limitations for bringing to administrative responsibility, adjusting the composition of administrative offenses in the field of migration).
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Paida, Yuriy, and Denys Savchuk. "Procedure for the use of physical force, special means and firearms." Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2021-1-13-22.
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The article addresses the issue of guarantees the individual rights and in the scope of coercion. These guarantees should be a reliable protection against possible unlawful actions by officials in the course of coercion and operate in order not create unnecessary obstacles to repid response. As a rule, the guarantee of individual rights take effect either upon application or after its application to the individual. Therefore, it is emphasized that legal means of preventive action play a special role in ensuring the rights of citizens in the process of applying administrative and coercive measures. The types of proceeding classifications concerning the use of coercive measures in the scientific and educational literature are discussed in detail. They are carried out on various grounds, but the most common is the classification depending on the nature of the administrative case, of the traditional separation of nonjurisdictional administrative proceedings and jurisdictional administrative proceedings. Emphasis is placed on the study of their main stages of implementation: deciding or obtaining permission to use coercive measures; warning of intent to use coercion; providing necessary assistance; prompt report on the negative consequences of coercion measures use and the submission of procedural documents on the application of appropriate measures and others. It is noted that any state coercion is a very sharp weapon, because it restricts the freedom of those it is applied to and significantly violates their rights and interests in one way or another. Therefore, it could be applied only there and to the extent that it is really necessary. In order to avoid its misuse, the state strictly regulates the procedure for its application, providing necessary guarantees to those it is applied to.
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HARMATA, Władysław, Zbigniew SZCZEŚNIAK, Marian SOBIECH, and Adam BARYŁKA. "Collective protection measures - methods to ensure clean air." Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, no. 3 (September 5, 2023): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/iboa.183.
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The review article deals with the current issue of collective protection, including collective protection against contamination. The division of collective protection means by purpose and basic equipment for use under conditions of contamination is presented. Based on NATO documents, functional and operational recommendations were formulated. Methods of protecting facilities from the penetration of contaminated air by sealing, dilution in vestibules and the creation of positive pressure support were characterized. Methods of ventilating facilities with respect to changing the composition and properties of air in confined spaces are presented, including determining the necessary amount of air to ventilate rooms to remove excess CO2, water vapor, heat and oxygen deficiency. Methods of supplying clean air to the facility by means of air filtration and regeneration are characterized.
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Kubrak, R. M., and V. M. Seheda. "ENFORCEMENT MEASURES APPLICATION BY PERSONNEL OF PENAL INSTITUTIONS: A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OR AN OBSOLETE RUDEMENT." Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2022, no. 1 (September 2, 2022): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2022.01.066.
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The analysis of problematic issues concerning application of firearms, special means, measures of physical influence and service dogs by the personnel of penal institutions is carried out. It is determined that handcuffs and physical force were among the coercive measures most often used by the personnel against convicts. Most of these measures were used in cases of cessation of physical resistance of the personnel of such institutions and obstruction of procedural security measures implementation, as well as attempts to convicts’ self-harm. Most judgments of the European Court of Human Rights have ruled on violations of Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the use of these coercive measures by the personnel of penal institutions, which contained signs of torture and inhuman treatment. The issue of inconsistency with the preventive purpose of executing the type of firearm used while performing tasks for the protection of institutions, convicts and prisoners’ movement as a means of preventing them and other persons from committing criminal offenses is considered. The expediency of restricting the use of military-type long-barreled weapons by the personnel, in order to exclude the possibility of using firearms to stop convicts and prisoners’ escape, and legally provide for the possibility of its use to defeat solely for self-defense and protection of others from obvious attack when life and health threatening is substantiated. The ways to solve the problems covered by the publication of the using firearms by the personnel of penal institutions are offered. The necessity of the right of privates and senior staff to apply coercive measures against offenders is substantiated. This fact is preconditioned by a number of factors, in particular: criminogenic nature of persons detained in institutions, the number of crimes committed on their territory, threats and attacks on the personnel, malicious disobedience to the personnel’s legal requirements, escapes, the presence of a significant number of prohibited items in the restricted areas, including barbed wire. Key words: penal institution, convicts, imprisonment, criminal offense, armed attack, firearms, special means, coercive measures.
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Alexandrova, L. I. "Counterfeit as a criminal phenomenon: means of counteraction." Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-3-59-65.
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The market of counterfeit goods by its content is a component of the criminal market, as a complex socio- economic phenomenon. The problem of counterfeit goods is very acute, since it affects not only the interests of copyright holders, but also negatively affects consumers in any sector of the economy. The article analyzes the legislation on counterfeiting, analyzes the reasons for the turnover of counterfeit products, shows the dynamics of detection of counterfeit products by customs authorities from 2015 to 2020, considers the measures taken and necessary in the fight against counterfeiting.
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Idiatullov, T. T., and E. B. Chabanenko. "Small innovative enterprises as a means of commercializing of achievements of the Russian science." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 1-6 (November 10, 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67887.
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The article considers the problems of commercialization of university research, and establishment and operation of small innovative enterprises at universities and research organizations. The authors conducted a statistical analysis of existing businesses and made assumptions about the necessary measures to develop the areas of non-budget funding research in higher education.
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Podmarеv, Alexander A. "Proportionality as a constitutional principle of limiting human and civil rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series Economics. Management. Law 21, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2021-21-1-83-91.
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Introduction. The 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation allows for the possibility of restricting rights and freedoms of individuals and establishes imperative conditions (principles) for the introduction and operation of these restrictions. One of these constitutional principles is the principle of proportionality: the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen can be limited only to the extent necessary to achieve the goals specified in part 3 of Article 55. Theoretical analysis. The principle of proportionality of restrictions to certain goals is currently declared by the constitutions of many states, and is also part of the international legal criteria for restrictions on human rights. Some conceptual issues of the content of the constitutional principle of proportionality are resolved by the Constitutional Court of Russia. In its most general form, the principle of proportionality means that: the measures (means) used to restrict rights and freedoms must be conditioned by constitutional goals; restrictive measures (means) should not be greater than necessary; restrictive measures (means) should not lead to disproportionate, excessive restrictions. Empirical analysis. The analysis of the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Russia shows that in each specific case, the Court determines the necessary measure to restrict a particular right (freedom), comparing, weighing the constitutionally recognized values (on the one hand, the rights of a certain person, on the other, the rights of other persons, the interests of the state, public interests), as well as assessing the adequacy of the legal means used to achieve any constitutionally established goal (s) of restriction. The conclusions reached by the Court regarding the proportionality or disproportion (excess) of the restriction of this or that right are binding not only for the legislator, but also in some cases for the law enforcement officer. Results. It is concluded that the implementation of the constitutional principle of proportionality of restrictions in lawmaking and law enforcement means that when establishing and applying restrictions on rights and freedoms to achieve a certain constitutional goal (goals), exclusively necessary measures (means) must be provided and used in this situation. The principle of proportionality of restrictions is one of the criteria for assessing the constitutionality of the restriction of any right or freedom, as well as one of the guarantees against arbitrary (unreasonable, excessive, unconstitutional) restrictions, since it presupposes the existence of certain boundaries (limits, frameworks, conditions) of lawmaking and law enforcement.
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Gabov, Аndrey V., and Оleg А. Yastrebov. "LOCAL ACTS OF UNIVERSITIES AS A MEANS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION." RUDN Journal of Law 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 252–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-2-252-273.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze such a relatively new legal means of combating corruption as codes of ethics. The authors note the harm caused by corruption in higher education; they point out that such harm is cumulative. It is noted that currently the legislation is not limited to combating corruption in public authorities. The anti-corruption law since 2012 defines the obligation of each organization to take measures to combat corruption and take the necessary measures to do so. The authors conclude that more and more attention is being paid to the proper performance of this duty by organizations. At the same time, the mechanism for implementing provisions of ethical codes is closely intertwined with other anti-corruption tools used by universities. It is also noted that the provisions contained in the ethical codes lose their nature and grow into legal norms.
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Li, Jun. "On Null-Continuity of Monotone Measures." Mathematics 8, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8020205.
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The null-continuity of monotone measures is a weaker condition than continuity from below and possesses many special properties. This paper further studies this structure characteristic of monotone measures. Some basic properties of null-continuity are shown and the characteristic of null-continuity is described by using convergence of sequence of measurable functions. It is shown that the null-continuity is a necessary condition that the classical Riesz’s theorem remains valid for monotone measures. When considered measurable space ( X , A ) is S-compact, the null-continuity condition is also sufficient for Riesz’s theorem. By means of the equivalence of null-continuity and property (S) of monotone measures, a version of Egoroff’s theorem for monotone measures on S-compact spaces is also presented. We also study the Sugeno integral and the Choquet integral by using null-continuity and generalize some previous results. We show that the monotone measures defined by the Sugeno integral (or the Choquet integral) preserve structural characteristic of null-continuity of the original monotone measures.
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Artamonova, Elena, and Maria Tretyak. "Mass Murder in Educational Establishments: Opportunities for Using Criminal Law Means of Counteraction." Russian Journal of Criminology 16, no. 2 (May 23, 2022): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2022.16(2).229-239.
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As the cases of mass murders in educational establishments grow in number, it becomes necessary to determine the measures necessary for counteracting this crime in modern conditions. The conducted research allowed the authors to identify the concept and types of armed attacks on life in educational establishments. They prove the necessity of including mass murder in Part 3 of Art. 105 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and increasing the minimum penalty to 15-year imprisonment. The authors also conclude that the most common punishment for the murder of more than two persons committed using a publicly dangerous method is imprisonment for 15-20 years. In most cases, such punishment was imposed for the murder of 2-3 persons and the presence of two aggravating circumstances. Imprisonment for 20 to 25 years inclusively and life imprisonment was imposed for murdering 6-8 persons and the presence of two qualifying features in combination with other crimes. In 16 mass murders committed in educational establishments in the last seven years, the above-mentioned measures can only be applied to two criminals, as in other cases the culprits either were underage, or committed suicide. It is possible that the measures developed and implemented in 2021, which increase punishment for illegal trade in civilian weapons, will be somewhat effective in preventing mass murders by persons under 21 years of age. However, there are considerable doubts regarding the effectiveness of such measures for preventing especially grave crimes committed by persons who have already reached this age. A detailed analysis of punishments for the extreme cases of especially grave crimes makes it possible to conclude that life imprisonment does not provide any opportunities for imposing a stricter punishment depending on the number of persons who were murdered or were in danger of sustaining such harm. Consequently, it is possible to believe that the right punishment for this category of criminals is capital punishment, and its main goal is prevention.
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Frumarová, Kateřina. "Defending against crisis measures of Czech government in connection with COVID-19 pandemic." Institutiones Administrationis 1, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v1i2.18.
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The COVID-19 pandemic required a number of emergency measures in the Czech Republic, which included crisis measures of the Czech government. These measures have often signifi cantly affected a number of constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms of individuals and legal entities, who did not always agree with the government measures, especially with their content, scope and duration. The article therefore deals with the basic question of whether these persons (affected by the government crisis measures) can or could defend themselves directly against these measures, and if so, by what legal means and under what conditions? The author also addresses the question of what the legal form of these government crisis measures is. Determining the legal form of a certain activity is the primary precondition for us to be able to correctly determine the appropriate means of defence. Unfortunately, the law does not regulate this subject matter. It is therefore necessary to rely primarily on the findings of legal science and relevant case law (especially of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and the Supreme Administrative Court).
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Frumarová, Kateřina. "Defending against crisis measures of Czech government in connection with COVID-19 pandemic." Institutiones Administrationis 1, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54201/iajas.v1i2.18.
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The COVID-19 pandemic required a number of emergency measures in the Czech Republic, which included crisis measures of the Czech government. These measures have often signifi cantly affected a number of constitutionally guaranteed rights and freedoms of individuals and legal entities, who did not always agree with the government measures, especially with their content, scope and duration. The article therefore deals with the basic question of whether these persons (affected by the government crisis measures) can or could defend themselves directly against these measures, and if so, by what legal means and under what conditions? The author also addresses the question of what the legal form of these government crisis measures is. Determining the legal form of a certain activity is the primary precondition for us to be able to correctly determine the appropriate means of defence. Unfortunately, the law does not regulate this subject matter. It is therefore necessary to rely primarily on the findings of legal science and relevant case law (especially of the Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and the Supreme Administrative Court).
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Zhernov, Evgeny. "Ends and Means of Knowledge Management: Tacit Knowledge to Explicit Knowledge Conversion." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2023, no. 1 (April 4, 2023): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2023-8-1-63-73.
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The author interprets conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge as means-end of knowledge management. The subject of the article is tacit knowledge owned by an employee. The purpose is to reveal the reason for the conversion of non-formalized knowledge of employees to formalized knowledge of a firm. For the knowledge-based production, it is not necessary to formalize all knowledge. The conversion of non-formalized knowledge of employees to formalized knowledge of the organization is one of the functional goals of the firm owner, necessary to obtain stable profit without the direct participation of employees, as well as an end in itself for knowledge managers. The study can serve as a starting point for continuing scientific research in the field of tacit knowledge and as theoretical basis for the development of practical measures for using the knowledge of employees with due respect to their legitimate interests and rights.
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Caetano, Ana. "Circumvention of Anti-Dumping Measures: Law and Practice of Brazil." Global Trade and Customs Journal 11, Issue 11/12 (December 1, 2016): 487–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2016063.
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This article aims to explain the background and history behind the current anti-circumvention (AC) law and proceeding in Brazil, to define the legal circumstances that characterize a circumvention practice and to inform the requirements necessary to present an application for the initiation of an AC review and the provisions in such a proceeding. It provides a look and understanding of the few AC cases in Brazil that have, thus far, taken place and the lessons learned from them. The article also explains the difference between circumvention and other practices that evade the application and effectiveness of anti-dumping (AD) duties, and the means to combat these practices, such as transshipments, origin investigations, scope assessments and redetermination proceedings.
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El Moutaouakil, Karim, Vasile Palade, Safaa Safouan, and Anas Charroud. "FP-Conv-CM: Fuzzy Probabilistic Convolution C-Means." Mathematics 11, no. 8 (April 19, 2023): 1931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11081931.
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Soft computing models based on fuzzy or probabilistic approaches provide decision system makers with the necessary capabilities to deal with imprecise and incomplete information. Hybrid systems based on different soft computing approaches with complementary qualities and principles have also become popular. On the one hand, fuzzy logic makes its decisions on the basis of the degree of membership but gives no information on the frequency of an event; on the other hand, the probability informs us of the frequency of the event but gives no information on the degree of membership to a set. In this work, we propose a new measure that implements both fuzzy and probabilistic notions (i.e., the degree of membership and the frequency) while exploiting the ability of the convolution operator to combine functions on continuous intervals. This measure evaluates both the degree of membership and the frequency of objects/events in the design of decision support systems. We show, using concrete examples, the drawbacks of fuzzy logic and probability-based approaches taken separately, and we then show how a fuzzy probabilistic convolution measure allows the correction of these drawbacks. Based on this measure, we introduce a new clustering method named Fuzzy-Probabilistic-Convolution-C-Means (FP-Conv-CM). Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), Probabilistic K-Means (PKM), and FP-Conv-CM were tested on multiple datasets and compared on the basis of two performance measures based on the Silhouette metric and the Dunn’s Index. FP-Conv-CM was shown to improve on both metrics. In addition, FCM, PKM, and FP-Conv-CM were used for multiple image compression tasks and were compared based on three performance measures: Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structural SImilarity Index (SSIM). The proposed FP-Conv-CM method shows improvements in all these three measures as well.
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Radomyski, Adam, and Daniel Michalski. "Military aircraft, ballistic missiles and maneuver rockets as effective means of deterring the potential enemy." Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka - Refleksje 33, no. 33 (March 29, 2019): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1950.
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In this article, the authors focus on the possibilities of realization and implementation in the national deterrence strategy, paying particular attention to measures that could create a state’s military potential in this area. The article’s aim is to reveal the need to build a deterrence strat-egy in Poland as a necessary element for the implementation of security policy in a changing international environment and the possibility of its implementation with the current potential of the state. In order to determine the possibility of building the military capacity of the deter-rence strategy, the authors reviewed the quantitative and qualitative measures of air robbery and their impact on its implementation. In addition, they proposed a framework for a strategy for the use of military deterrence measures using the concept of the J. Warden. This is carried out based on analysis of the possibilities of the tactical-technical modern means of air attack and means of destruction.
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Alimoglu, Orhan, Furkan Kilic, Cem Ilgin Erol, and Tunc Eren. "What the COVID-19 pandemic means for sub-Saharan African countries." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5, no. 1 (July 5, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i1.248.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may cause a significant loss of life in sub- Saharan African countries. According to the Africa Centers for Disease Control, on June 1st, 2020, the number of COVID-19 cases within Africa reached 147,099. Simultaneously, in sub-Saharan African countries, the number of cases reached 34,888, while 707 patients had died. As of June 1st, 2020, a total of 885,632 tests had been carried out in sub-Saharan Africa which stands for a testing rate of 0.77 per thousand people such that the testing rates of Niger, Chad and South Sudan were found to be 0.18, 0.17 and 0.31, respectively. Considering poor healthcare capacities of its countries, sub-Saharan Africa is vulnerable to possible consequences of the pandemic. It is difficult to treat a disease on the African continent, but preventive measures are possible. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate training activities and take preventive measures in the region.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 127-128
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Zarnoch, S. J., and W. A. Bechtold. "Estimating mapped-plot forest attributes with ratios of means." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-247.
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The mapped-plot design utilized by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Inventory and Analysis and the National Forest Health Monitoring Programs is described. Data from 2458 forested mapped plots systematically spread across 25 states reveal that 35% straddle multiple conditions. The ratio-of-means estimator is developed as a method to obtain estimates of forest attributes from mapped plots, along with measures of variability useful for constructing confidence intervals. Basic inventory statistics from North and South Carolina were examined to see if these data satisfied the conditions necessary to qualify the ratio of means as the best linear unbiased estimator. It is shown that the ratio-of-means estimator is equivalent to the Horwitz-Thompson, the mean-of-ratios, and the weighted-mean-of-ratios estimators under certain situations.
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Mitskaya, Elena V. "COUNTERING CORRUPTION BY CRIMINAL LAW MEANS Mitskaya, Elena V." Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2, no. 73 (June 30, 2023): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52026/2788-5291_2023_73_2_117.
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Despite a comprehensive fight against corruption, Kazakhstan, having achieved progressive and radical changes in legislation during the years of independence, has not yet been able to achieve significant results in the fight against corruption. The current increase in the number of corruption-related criminal offences, including on the part of high-ranking officials, heads of a number of Kazakh companies, is due to a stronger political will on the part of the head of state to resolutely oppose corruption. This desire allows to pay attention to criminal law measures, which occupy an important place in the complex of measures to combat the systemic vice of the state, which threatens national security. This study is devoted to assessing a possible correction of the Criminal Law of Kazakhstan to strengthen the fight against corruption by criminal law measures. Particular attention is paid to the problematic and unexplored introduction of new legal constructions into the criminal law. The author makes a reasonable conclusion that for a more effective implementation of anti-corruption policy it is necessary to remove the restrictive understanding of the subject of the bribe by property benefit only, to enshrine unjustified enrichment, thus eliminating the limited repressive power of criminal law on corruption manifestations. At the same time, it is proposed to use the domestic resources of criminal law to combat corruption, and appropriate proposals are made to amend the Criminal Code of Kazakhstan. The proposed changes, in the author's opinion, allow one to hope that they will ultimately serve the useful purpose of Kazakhstan's anti-corruption policy and also open the ground for an informed discussion on further anti-corruption efforts.
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Burtseva, T. A. "Measures of Regional Labour Productivity." Voprosy statistiki 28, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2021-28-1-18-27.
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In this article, in the form of publication, are presented key study findings that cover both methodological issues of measurement and comprehensive analysis of regional labor productivity, along with extended formulations of study results. Based on the experience of domestic and foreign statisticians, the author substantiates the system of regional labour productivity indicators required for its integrated assessment. In the author’s opinion, this system is needed in a formation of a single coordinated approach to the calculation of labour productivity from the perspective of branches, enterprises, and constituent entities of the Russian Federation.The introduction argues for the relevance of the issues related to measuring regional labour productivity, which is necessary to evaluate the progress of the Federal Project “Systemic Measures to Improve Labor Productivity” implemented under the national project “Labor Productivity and Employment Support”.The author justifies the solution to the problem of clustering regions by regional labour productivity indicator using a combined approach, which explains the trends in the economic development of the regions of Russia in the selected clusters.The final part of the article concludes that the study is relevant in assessing the factors of regional labour productivity needed to identify growth reserves or to prevent stagnation in economic development, measured, in particular, by means of a basic indicator of the economic production efficiency in constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
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Ilyin, V. K., Z. O. Solovieva, O. A. Gizinger, A. S. Sheblaeva, O. A. Bystrova, S. M. Lovtsevitch, and I. P. Borodin. "Comparison of pcr diagnostic method and mass spectrometry of microbial markers method as applied to the evaluation of oral microbiota." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 67, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51620/0869-2084-2022-67-8-484-488.
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Rapid informative methods for assessing the species and quantitative composition of the microflora of the periodontal and oropharyngeal covering tissues are necessary for operative diagnostics, including those of the dentofacial system. The use of classical bacteriological methods, including seeding, incubation, counting and identification of microorganisms takes up to 5 days, resulting in a significant delay in obtaining the necessary information, which makes it difficult to carry out operative treatment measures. Therefore, the search for means and methods of operative microbiological control is urgent. The present work is devoted to substantiation of MSMM (mass spectrometry of microbial markers) technology application as a means of microbiological control of periodontal and other oropharyngeal biotopes.
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MAROZ, Nataliya. "The obligation to suppress terrorism as a means to protect human rights." SERIES VII - SOCIAL SCIENCES AND LAW 13(62), no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.ssl.2020.13.62.4.7.
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Terrorism has a devastating impact on the enjoyment of human rights. The UN Security Council, as the organ responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security, indicates a primary duty of states to protect anyone within their jurisdiction against terrorism. However, a breach of the obligation to suppress terrorism may lead to a situation when individuals bring claims directly against states before international human rights bodies arguing that the states were not able or unwilling to prevent and suppress terrorist acts or didn’t take all the necessary measures to prosecute those who had committed terrorist crimes.
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Bolshakov, V., V. Svytenko, and Yu Maznychenko. "FORENSIC ASPECTS OF USING CERTAIN TECHNICAL MEANS OF ACTIVE SELF-DEFENSE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2021.66.36.
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The article is devoted to the forensic aspects of ensuring necessary defense through the use by law enforcement officials of physical pressure of limited influence, special means (including non-lethal action) and firearms of increased efficiency. The authors, based on the results of forensic practice, assessed the effectiveness of the actions of law enforcement officers to prevent the excess of necessary defense during covert investigative (search) activities. A systematic analysis of recent studies and publications on this issue showed that in the modern global world, the main task of forensic support for law enforcement agencies in different countries is to optimize the processes of detecting, disclosing, investigating and preventing crimes and therefore contributes to the establishment of objective truth in criminal proceedings. A sufficiently high level of criminalization of various spheres of life of modern society requires deep transformations in the system of preventive measures carried out by law enforcement agencies, government bodies and public organizations. The use of special forensic knowledge, along with other forms of preventive activity, can significantly enhance the prevention, detection, disclosure and investigation of crimes. The preventive activity of forensic experts is to study and identify the causes and conditions conducive to the commission of socially dangerous acts. It is noted that Hungarian scientists consider the issues of crime prevention and operational-search activity to be the subject of forensic science. The international experience of disclosing, investigating and preventing crimes indicates a significant number of unsuccessful investigative actions due to the incompetent use of firearms and active defense equipment. It is concluded, based on the content of the concepts of disclosure, investigation and prevention of crimes, and taking into account the historical experience of forensic research of means of necessary defense and firearms, that it is necessary to develop forensic recommendations. In order to increase the efficiency of covert investigative (search) actions by law enforcement officers through the use of modern means of necessary defense and means of physical influence of limited action, as well as special types of non-lethal police weapons with improved characteristics.
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Hahn, Hermann H. "Upgrading municipal wastewater treatment by operational means, using chemical unit processes." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0222.
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There is a need for alternative, less costly wastewater treatment concepts. Upgrading existing treatment units by the inclusion of a precipitating and coagulating stage has proven an economically attractive alternative. The technological boundary conditions are well known and can be described in terms of necessary chemical dosages and resulting reduction ratios in pertinent wastewater constituents. Decision makers can be convinced of the significant savings in economic and ecological terms when such upgrading or phase-wise construction of needed treatment capacity is effected by chemicals dosing, using existing installations for the necessary liquid-solid separation. The costs of such pollution control measures are well-known and can be calculated for given boundary conditions. The benefits in a broader ecological sense are difficult to quantify. Direct cash savings result, however, when wastewater charges, owed for the discharge of less treated wastewater streams can be significantly reduced by the addition of such chemical stages. If the incremental costs of such additional stages are lower than the saved wastewater charge expenses, then real net benefits result. These have been calculated for two proven concepts of treatment plant upgrading.
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Demianchuk, B., V. Makhankov, and V. Obertas. "ASSESSMENTS OF REALIZATION OF NECESSARY FORCES AND MEANS FOR RECOVERY OF THE DAMAGED SECURITY SYSTEM IN THE CONDITIONS OF CROSSING STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS." Collection of scientific works of Odesa Military Academy, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37129/2313-7509.2022.17.64-72.
Full textAbstract:
Emphasis is placed on building a complex feedback system that responds objectively to changing circumstances regarding damaged means and forces of combat operations, because otherwise the system becomes self-sufficient and may become incapable of performing tasks. The variants of change of a situation with insufficient working capacity of system in the conditions of stochastic crossing of signs of variants of sets of forces and means for restoration of working capacity of system, after a choice of the best from set of alternative variants are defined. The probabilities of realization of each of the options of measures that are alternatives for the restoration of the system as a whole are determined. The distinction between the options of forces and means for the possible scope of measures is made using the criterion of the ideal observer, taking into account the costs of implementing each of the alternatives with maximum levels of probability in the hypotheses that intersect. The method of determining the predicted estimates of the probability of implementing alternatives to restore a complex system of technical support as a whole, under the conditions of a certain number of identified options for additional forces and additional equipment to intensify the process of restoring the system as a whole. . The method of determining the necessary costs and forecasting the reliability of their implementation, the method of testing statistical hypotheses, was used during the long-term planning of activities to create a more effective system of ensuring any level of hierarchy. Keywords: systems of comprehensive support of troops' actions, adaptive recovery of support system, method of statistical testing of hypotheses, assessment of realization of necessary forces and means, restoration of damaged support system in conditions of intersection of statistical hypotheses on its recovery.
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Mohamadloo, Azam, Zahra Batooli, and Gholamreza Mostafaii. "Managing COVID-19 with Traffic transport Measures." Unnes Journal of Public Health 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v12i1.50222.
Full textAbstract:
Background:
Since transmission of the virus occurs by interaction among individuals, the transportation system is the main factor in the spread of the COVID-19. The purpose of the study was to explain traffic transport measures to managing COVID-19 in Iran.
Method:
We first received the approvals of the Iran Committee against COVID-19. Then, measures of travel restrictions in 120 approvals were selected and categorized by the research team.
Results
All the measures associated with travel restrictions were elicited from the data analysis and were classified into four categories, including private transportation within the city, travel by private transportation means, travel between countries, and public transportation.
Conclusion
Travel restrictions have a severe impact on the sector, causing major dysfunction in activities at airlines and airports and significantly increase the risk of failure for air transport-related businesses. Therefore, developing the strategies to correct and re-orientate their businesses is urgently necessitating. To decrease the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary the engagement of citizens, the private sector, governments at all levels, as well as international agencies, and all other related organizations.
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Labed, Saloua. "MAXIMUM PRINCIPLE FOR SINGULAR CONTROL PROBLEMS OF SYSTEMS DRIVEN BY MARTINGALE MEASURES." Advances in Mathematics: Scientific Journal 12, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 193–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.37418/amsj.12.1.13.
Full textAbstract:
We provide necessary optimality conditions for singular controlled stochastic differential equations driven by an orthogonal continuous martingale measure. The control is allowed to enter both the drift and diffusion coefficient and has two components, the first being relaxed and the second singular, the domain of the first control does not need to be convex, and for the relaxing method, we show by a counter-example that replacing the drift and diffusion coefficients by their relaxed counterparts does not define a true relaxed control problem. The maximum principle for these systems is established by means of spike variation techniques on the relaxed part of the control and a convex perturbation on the singular one. Our result is a generalization of Peng's maximum principle to singular control problems.
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Reitšpís, Josef, and Jozefína Drotárová. "Evaluating the sufficiency of proposed security measures in favour of building objects." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(66).
Full textAbstract:
Security is understood as one of the basic life needs of people. However, it is necessary to realize that security is a natural quality of the environment where people live and is designated as a security environment. The need for sacurity is part of implementing sacurity measures that are created in compliance with a certain level of knowledge and needs. The content of this process can be characterized as a set of answers to primary questions (What is to be protected? – protected interest, Why to protect?, What to protect from? – threats) and secondary questions (Who will provide the protection?, How will the protection be provided?, When will the protection be provided?, By means of what will the protection be provided?, What price will the protection be provided for? etc.). From this viewpoint it is necessary to pay attention primarily to the problems concerning property protection from intentional actions focusing on protecting a particular building onject. In case of building objects it is primarily about the protection of tangible and intangible properties that are part of a particular limited area (mostly a building object) that is in possession or administration of a particular state or a private subject. The issues are dealt with by legal regulations, technical standards and various technical books. These usually concentrate on a particular area, kind of a building object and/or environment. However, none of them focuses on the property protection in a complex way and does not provide a satisfactory answer to the question "How to create protection systems in view of their sufficiency, complexity and balance in the technical and economic spheres?" That is why it is a social interest to search for new standardized procedures based on exact methods by means of which it will be possible, in empiric or intuitive ways, to exactly evaluate the effectivness of the existing or proposed property protection systems, including the formal desposition of results in project solutions Keywords: Project, Project documentation, Attack, Intervention and Detection time, Resistance of a building object, Modeling, Simulating
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Wang, Xiaomin. "The Impact of Investor-State Arbitration on Global Climate Protection." BCP Business & Management 29 (October 12, 2022): 498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v29i.2316.
Full textAbstract:
The climate change requires global climate protection measures, which means that developed countries should contribute to climate finance and capital export to increase the technological and funds. However, the implementation of such climate-friendly investments can sometimes lead to conflicts between the state's investment protection and climate change measures. Therefore, it is necessary to promote Investor-State arbitration that reasonably to reconcile the protection of the rights and interests between investors and host countries, which could contribute to the development of global climate protection and sustainable development.
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van Hout, Roeland, and Anne Vermeer. "Spontane Taaldata en het Meten van Lexicale RIJKDOM I Tweede-taalverwerving." Taalverwerving in onderzoek 30 (January 1, 1988): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.30.07hou.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing use of spontaneous speech data in second language re-search made it necessary to use other measures than tests for getting insight into the lexical richness of (spoken) text corpora of second language learners. In this article several lexical measures (types, TTR(c), Guiraud, logTTR, Uber, theoretical vocabulary) are examined and discussed. On the basis of several studies that the TTR is the worst measure possible, but the better measures (types, Guiraud, theoretical vocabulary) are problematic too. Next, the characteristics of the lexical measures are examined by means of a few simple computer simulations with hypothetical lexica. The outcome is mat neither the reliability, nor the validity of the different measures are satisfactory, especially with respect to the TTR.
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van Hout, Roeland, and Anne Vermeer. "Spontane Taaldata En Het Meten Van Lexicale Rijkdom In Tweedetaalverwerving." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 32 (January 1, 1988): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.32.07hou.
Full textAbstract:
Increasing use of spontaneous speech data in second language research made it necessary to use other measures than tests for getting insight into the lexical richness of (spoken) text corpora of second language learners. In this article several lexical measures (types, TTR, TTR(c), Guiraud, logTTR, Uber, theoretical vocabulary) are examined and discussed. On the basis of several studies that the TTR is the worst measure possible, but the better measures (types, Guiraud, theoretical vocabulary) are problematic too. Next, the characteristics of the lexical measures are examined by means of a few simple computer simulations with hypothetical lexica. The outcome is that neither the reliability, nor the validity of the different measures are satisfactory, especially with respect to the TTR.
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Thangamania, K., R. Ichikari, T. Okuma, T. Ishikawa, and T. Kurata. "GEOMETRY AND TEXTURE MEASURES FOR INTERACTIVE VIRTUALIZED REALITY INDOOR MODELER." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W5 (May 11, 2015): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w5-43-2015.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses the algorithm to detect the distorted textures in the virtualized reality indoor models and automatically generate the necessary 3D planes to hold the undistorted textures. Virtualized reality (VR) interactive indoor modeler, our previous contribution enables the user to interactively create their desired indoor VR model from a single 2D image. The interactive modeler uses the projective texture mapping for mapping the textures over the manually created 3D planes. If the user has not created the necessary 3D planes, then the texture that belong to various objects are projected to the available 3D planes, which leads to the presence of distorted textures. In this paper, those distorted textures are detected automatically by the suitable principles from the shape from texture research. The texture distortion features such as the slant, tilt and the curvature parameters are calculated from the 2D image by means of affine transformation measured between the neighboring texture patches within the single image. This kind of affine transform calculation from a single image is useful in the case of deficient multiple view images. The usage of superpixels in clustering the textures corresponding to different objects, reduces the modeling labor cost. A standby database also stores the repeated basic textures that are found in the indoor model, and provides texture choices for the distorted floor, wall and other regions. Finally, this paper documents the prototype implementation and experiments with the automatic 3D plane creation and distortion detection with the above mentioned principles in the virtualized reality indoor environment.
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Baltaev, B. "Multivorious Sucking Insects and Mites Pests of Vegetables and Melons in Open and Covered Ground in Uzbekistan." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 4 (April 15, 2023): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/89/20.
Full textAbstract:
To obtain a high yield of these crops, it is necessary to conduct skillful science-based pest control. For the effective implementation of protective measures, it is necessary to know the species composition, the annual cycle of development, the conditions that promote and suppress the development of pests and pathogens, their harmfulness, methods and means of combating them. Melon and pumpkin vegetable crops are damaged by polyphagous sucking pests that also parasitize other crops. The most common of them are melon aphid, whitefly, spider mite, tobacco thrips, bedbugs.
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Mydin, Md Azree Othuman, Adi Irfan Che Ani, Anmar Dulaimi, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, and Roshartini Omar. "Assessing the Effects of Insect Attacks on Buildings and Practical Corrective Measures." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 50, no. 2 (August 25, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.50.1.117.
Full textAbstract:
Termites are a vital component of the soil ecology and are present worldwide. They enhance soil acidity, organic carbon content, water content, and porosity in their native habitat through the decomposition of organic matter. Nevertheless, they have the potential to detrimentally affect human well-being through the destruction of vulnerable wooden constructions, subterranean cables, earthen dams, irrigation channels, and agricultural machinery. This study focused on examining the consequences of insect infestations on the stability of structures and the presence of construction defects. Several residences in specific rural areas, urban centres, and municipalities throughout various regions in Malaysia had been chosen for assessment. An evaluation was conducted on the harmful types of termites and the inherent resistance of construction timber. An assessment was conducted to determine the extent of the timber destruction. Each unit underwent inspection to detect the existence of termites and any impairment caused by termites. Termites were discovered to infiltrate structures through various means. These methods involved drilling holes in walls, manoeuvring through fissures in the base, and scaling the rooftop. In order to avert termites from entering structures, it is necessary to employ different strategies. Prior to commencing building, it is necessary to remove all nests and wood that is suitable for consumption from the site. Prior to commencing development, timber must be chosen based on its inherent repellent properties, when the process of clearing has been finished.
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Dishon, Nadav. "Temporary Constitutional Amendments as a Means to Undermine the Democratic Order: Insights from the Israeli Experience." Israel Law Review 51, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 389–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002122371800016x.
Full textAbstract:
This article focuses on the adoption of temporary measures within the generally rigid constitutional sphere. Commentators frequently contemplate the extent to which temporary constitutional measures are adequate and necessary within a constitution that is meant to be perpetuated. Some writers are in favour of temporary constitutionalism, claiming that it allows flexibility and relieves the counter-majoritarian problem. Others emphasise the devastating impact of intense implementation of temporary measures on the status and legitimacy of the constitution.The article contends that as beneficial as temporary constitutionalism may be in some circumstances, its use should be scrutinised with great suspicion, especially when it is employed in weak constitutional regimes. In outlining the history of temporary constitutionalism in the State of Israel, the article illustrates how temporary constitutional amendments can be harnessed to undermine the democratic order. The Israeli use of temporary constitutionalism since 2009 reveals a new under-explored manifestation of ‘abusive constitutionalism’, referred to here as ‘abusive temporary constitutionalism’. With abusive temporary constitutionalism, incumbents can entrench their power against their opponents while avoiding both public accountability and judicial review of their actions. Drawing on the Israeli experience, the article outlines several signifiers (i.e. distinctive markers) which will allow judges in the future to monitor and suppress the development of the abusive employment of temporary constitutional amendments.
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Cha, Ji Hwan, and Maxim Finkelstein. "Burn-in and the performance quality measures in continuous heterogeneous populations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 226, no. 4 (April 30, 2012): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x12443217.
Full textAbstract:
Burn-in is a method used to eliminate initial failures in field use. To burn-in a component or system means to subject it to a period of use prior to the time when it is to actually be used. Under the assumption of decreasing or bathtub-shaped population failure rate functions, various problems of determining optimal burn-in have been intensively studied in the literature. In this paper, we assume that a population is composed of stochastically ordered subpopulations, described by their own performance quality measures and study optimal burn-in, which optimizes overall performance measures. It turns out that this setting can justify burn-in even when it is not necessary in the framework of conventional approaches. For instance, it could be reasonable to perform burn-in even when the failure rate function that describes a heterogeneous population of items increases and this is one of the main and important findings of the current study.
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Durac, Gheorghe. "PREVENTING AND FIGHTING AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE WITH LEGAL MEASURES." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 14, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2020142004.
Full textAbstract:
Protecting the environment is an objective that should be of interest to all states, all international bodies, and all citizens, since pollution and its consequences, the ever more pressing climate changes, are problems that can only be solved with actions taken by all the parties involved. This situation requires a more responsible approach towards the actions related to climate change, which makes it necessary to adopt new policies and legal strategies in the field of environmental protection, at a national, European, and international level. An important role is played by the environmental policy, as a form of directing and organising the complex activity of environmental protection, needed to set in place the strategies, methods, and means used in the actions performed nationally and internationally in order to improve the environmental conditions. At present, the complex and global nature of climate change requires an extended and consistent action for cooperation between the states and the international organisations, with the purpose to adopt a rigorous and effective legislation, which would constitute a modern, harmonized, and efficient legal framework, including measures designed, first of all, to lower greenhouse gas emissions.
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Kymenvaara, Sara. "Legally Obliged to Plan: Effective Climate Change Mitigation by Means of Policy Planning under the Finnish Climate Act?" Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 12, no. 3-4 (December 8, 2015): 286–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01204004.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyses certain parameters relevant to the effectiveness of the Finnish Climate Act (609/2015) which obliges state authorities to plan and monitor the national climate policy. The Act was enacted predominantly for the purpose of achieving emission reduction in societal sectors outside emissions trading. Although policy planning with legislative basis may be a necessary first step for all-encompassing emission reduction in the said sectors, the architecture of the Climate Act raises questions on, for example, the legal form and specific contents of the climate policy plans, and how the plans are addressed by sectoral legislation. The article discusses certain measures, such as sector-specific governance of policy planning and integration of climate concerns into sectoral legislation, which may be necessary for effective emission reduction. The interface between the Climate Act and sectoral legislation is exemplified through climate law in the Finnish transport sector.
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Aleschenko, V. "EQUIPMENT OF TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WORK IN THE DEFENSE FORCES: ON THE CURRENT SITUATION AND URGENT MEASURES." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 4 (48) (2021): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2021.48.33-37.
Full textAbstract:
The article considers the current problems of organization and equipping with technical means of psychological work units in the defense forces. Emphasis is placed on the objective contradictions between the rapid changes in the forms and methods of information and psychological impact on personnel and its study and the actual state of technical means, their provision of troops (forces). It is determined that increasing the technical base of psychological support for the effective solution of the tasks is an urgent problem and requires in-depth research. Of paramount importance is the normative consolidation of the need to provide technical means of psychological work. The current state of provision of technical means of psychological support in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other defense forces is analyzed. A brief description of the military mobile psychological and diagnostic complex, which undergoes departmental tests and is designed to ensure the performance of tasks as part of units and as part of individual units, groups in the field around the clock, regardless of season and time of day. The necessity of professional and psychological selection of specialists with the help of technical means is considered; assessment and forecasting of negative factors and conditions of servicemen; psychological and psychophysiological support; study of the socio-psychological climate in military units. The foreign experience of using technical means in the armed forces of the USA and the Russian Federation is analyzed. Ways to provide the latest models of the domestic system of psychological support of the defense forces to improve the psychological support of military-professional activities of personnel are proposed. It is emphasized that in order to form a unified approach to psychological support in the security and defense sector, it is necessary to create a body (structure) that would determine and coordinate activities in this direction and ensure the development of industrial production of modern technical means for psychological units.
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Xiahou, Xiancheng, and Yoshio Harada. "B2C E-Commerce Customer Churn Prediction Based on K-Means and SVM." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 17, no. 2 (April 6, 2022): 458–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer17020024.
Full textAbstract:
Customer churn prediction is very important for e-commerce enterprises to formulate effective customer retention measures and implement successful marketing strategies. According to the characteristics of longitudinal timelines and multidimensional data variables of B2C e-commerce customers’ shopping behaviors, this paper proposes a loss prediction model based on the combination of k-means customer segmentation and support vector machine (SVM) prediction. The method divides customers into three categories and determines the core customer groups. The support vector machine and logistic regression were compared to predict customer churn. The results show that each prediction index after customer segmentation was significantly improved, which proves that k-means clustering segmentation is necessary. The accuracy of the SVM prediction was higher than that of the logistic regression prediction. These research results have significance for customer relationship management of B2C e-commerce enterprises.
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ДРОНОВА, М. В., and М. В. МАСАЛЕВА. "IMPACT OF FIRE SAFETY MEASURES ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 4(153) (June 15, 2023): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.153.4.078.
Full textAbstract:
В статье анализируются статистические данные об уровне пожарной безопасности в регионе (количество пожаров, размер экономического ущерба, динамика количества людей, погибших в результате разрушительных событий, основные направления программы по защите населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций, пожарной безопасности, гражданской обороны, объем финансирования на реализацию программных направлений). Были изучены меры по обеспечению пожарной безопасности, представленные в региональной программе, реализуемые органами местного самоуправления в пределах их полномочий. Проведенные исследования свидетельствуют об отсутствии координации, необходимой для развития сил и средств обнаружения и тушения пожаров. Поэтому необходимо модернизировать меры по предупреждению и предотвращению лесных пожаров. Обеспечение пожарной безопасности оказывает решающее влияние на устойчивое развитие территорий региона, сохранение агроэкосистемы на всех уровнях, производственных и промышленных объектов. The article analyzes statistics on the level of fire safety in the region (the number of fires, the size of economic damage, the dynamics of the number of people killed as a result of devastating events, the main directions of the program to protect the population and territories from emergencies, fire safety, civil defense, the amount of funding for the implementation of program areas). The fire safety measures presented in the regional program implemented by local authorities within their powers were studied. The studies carried out indicate a lack of coordination necessary for the development of fire detection and extinguishing forces and means. Therefore, it is necessary to modernize measures to prevent and prevent forest fires. Ensuring fire safety has a decisive impact on the sustainable development of the region's territories, the preservation of the agroecosystem at all levels, production and industrial facilities.
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Kudryavtseva, T. V., V. V. Tachalov, E. S. Loboda, L. Yu Orekhova, E. Yu Nechai, and L. I. Shalamay. "Surveying adherence of dental clinic patients to preventive measures in oral cavity." Periodontology 24, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33925/1683-3759-2019-24-2-167-172.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.Materials and methods. A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.Results. As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely affect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.Conclusions. The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.
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Ercegovic, Djuro, Dragisa Raicevic, Djukan Vukic, Rade Radojevic, Kosta Gligorevic, Milos Pajic, and Mico Oljaca. "Technical-technological aspects of using machines and tools for new technologies in plant production." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 54, no. 3 (2009): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas0903257e.
Full textAbstract:
Agricultural production is complex process and it depends of various factors which can be controlled. Many of them can be improved by using of various means which are not friendly for environment and health of people. It is necessary to apply only those measures which can maintain and improve physical - mechanical, technological and microbiological properties of soil and also the nutritive potential of soil but will not be harmful for environment. The other part of this story demands decrease of energy necessary in the process of soil preparation. The machinery and tools for new technologies in plant production in Serbia is consisted of: vibrating subsoiler VR-5(7), universal self propelled machine for soil arrangement USM-5, draining plough DP-4 and universal Scraper land leveler, and it is developed to apply changed new technologies of soil preparation. This study gives description of machines, tools and technologies necessary for soil preparation in Serbia; this means preparation of soil surface and depth, special note is given to preservation of environment and improvement of soil potential, but also and how to decrease the energy necessary for the process of soil preparation.
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Weiss, Edith Brown. "Environment and Trade as Partners in Sustainable Development: A Commentary." American Journal of International Law 86, no. 4 (October 1992): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203789.
Full textAbstract:
Trade is not an end in itself; rather, it is a means to an end. The end is environmentally sustainable economic development. So viewed, there are legitimate constraints on trading patterns and practices that are necessary to ensure that the “instrument of trade” leads to environmentally sustainable development. Measures needed to protect the environment cannot be forsworn simply because they may adversely affect free trading relationships.
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GORETA, LIUBOV. "MARKETING STRATEGIC ANALYSIS AS A MEANS OF ENERGY SAVING MEASURES FORMATION AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 292, no. 2 (May 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2021-292-2-9.
Full textAbstract:
The article proposes the using of a marketing strategic analysis tool ‒ the GE / McKinsey matrix. The matrix is based on two factors: «enterprise competitiveness» and «market attractiveness». The proposals were tested at the machine-building enterprise of Public JSC NASOSENERGOMASH (Sumy, Ukraine). The enterprise`s strategic state is determined; the marketing strategy of the enterprise development is proposed and a set of energy saving measures is formed. For formations of the marketing strategy of Ukrainian industrial enterprises it is necessary to conduct a strategic analysis of the market situation, determine marketing goals, develop a marketing plan aimed at effective strategy`s implementation. Energy saving measures of industrial enterprises should be aimed at: improving their energy security; reduction of harmful ecological action of production; increase their level of competitiveness. The mechanism for implementing the industrial enterprises marketing strategy should be able to refine (change) measures at all stages of its implementation (with further adjustment or development of a new marketing strategy). Therefore, in the strategy’s formation of an important step is to monitor its implementation in order to study the effectiveness of the choice of the chosen marketing strategy. The strategic matrix models the system of relations between the given enterprise`s marketing factors and indicators of market attractiveness. The obtained results allow to form a enterprises marketing strategy. The GE/McKinsey matrix allowed to determine the strategic position of Public JSC NASOSENERGOMASH on ratings of its potential competitiveness (horizontal axis) and market attractiveness (vertical axis). Competitiveness indicator is a list of the enterprise competitive positions (internal resources). The market attractiveness considers the absolute size of the market, its growth rate, capacity, pricing mechanism, competitive forces, etc. The paper uses a quantitative evaluation method (scoring method) and a modelling method (matrix method). The methods are common, easy to use and relevant. Their comprehensive use allowed to solve the research tasks. The work`s results for Ukrainian industrial enterprises are: the strategic actions formation to increase their competitiveness; providing recommendations on the organization of an efficient system of their energy saving.
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Jarašūnienė, Aldona. "FORMULATION OF OPTIMAL INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT OBJECTIVE." TRANSPORT 17, no. 5 (October 31, 2002): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2002.10414043.
Full textAbstract:
To increase the attraction of Lithuania as a transit country striving to promote carriers' border crossing activities and facilitate customs clearance procedures as well as freight delivery to clients it is necessary to identity the main obstacles, to analyse them and to select adequate measures and means for their elimination. Therefore, on the basis of the formulation of transport freight management objective, as well as basing on the assessment of indeterminacy of external impacts, it would be possible to deduce the main causes of idle time of transport means in customs, to estimate the dependence of service time in proportion to transport flow.
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Martino, Ferdinando Di, and Salvatore Sessa. "A New Validity Index Based on Fuzzy Energy and Fuzzy Entropy Measures in Fuzzy Clustering Problems." Entropy 22, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22111200.
Full textAbstract:
Two well-known drawbacks in fuzzy clustering are the requirement of assigning in advance the number of clusters and random initialization of cluster centers. The quality of the final fuzzy clusters depends heavily on the initial choice of the number of clusters and the initialization of the clusters, then, it is necessary to apply a validity index to measure the compactness and the separability of the final clusters and run the clustering algorithm several times. We propose a new fuzzy C-means algorithm in which a validity index based on the concepts of maximum fuzzy energy and minimum fuzzy entropy is applied to initialize the cluster centers and to find the optimal number of clusters and initial cluster centers in order to obtain a good clustering quality, without increasing time consumption. We test our algorithm on UCI (University of California at Irvine) machine learning classification datasets comparing the results with the ones obtained by using well-known validity indices and variations of fuzzy C-means by using optimization algorithms in the initialization phase. The comparison results show that our algorithm represents an optimal trade-off between the quality of clustering and the time consumption.
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Sung, Joong-Tak. "Issues in Korea’s administrative planning and planning-related laws and some improvement measures." Korean Administrative Law Association 25 (September 30, 2023): 195–237. http://dx.doi.org/10.59826/kdps.2023.25.195.
Full textAbstract:
Administration in modern countries is largely comprised of planned administration, and administrative planning is a key means of so-called ‘infrastructural administration’ and the cornerstone of state activities in a country ruled by law. In general, administrative planning has a wide range of autonomy in selecting the means to achieve its goals, and legislatively, administrative planning laws and regulations require the relevant administrative agencies to select the means due to the need for technical expertise, responsiveness, and flexibility. There is no choice but to grant broad discretion. For that reason, the Administrative Planning Act is inevitably governed by a purpose-and-means structure, so prior regulation through legislation is bound to be insufficient, and there are certain limitations in judicial control ex post by the courts, etc. Nevertheless, as we enter the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the administrative planning legislation must be based on the momentum of ‘sustainable development and harmony with the social and natural environment.’ In order for the administrative planning legislation to respond to the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, the use of spatial information, national land monitoring system, smart Although communities, etc. are being introduced, if we follow the national strategy of a leading economy or inclusive society that our country should pursue in the future, the Administrative Planning Act will enable more detailed, efficient, and sustainable management than large-scale development projects such as the conventional catch-up economy. There is a need to establish and implement. Meanwhile, appropriate control measures for these administrative planning laws and administrative plans must be prepared, and in order to achieve appropriate judicial control over administrative plans, it is necessary to construct planning-specific control laws. In this regard, the formation of legal principles such as the expansion of the disposition of plans, planning discretion theory, sentencing order theory and sentencing defect theory, preventive prohibition lawsuits, planning guarantees, and guarantees of abolition claims can be evaluated as a great development in administrative law theory. It is significant that participatory democratic prior control should be implemented from the plan confirmation stage before legal control is confirmed.
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Golodov, P. V. "Effectiveness assessment technique of the penal inspections activities: problems and improvement means." Institute Bulletin: Crime, Punishment, Correction 13, no. 1 (May 13, 2019): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2076-4162-2019-13-1-43-49.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with some issues of evaluating the effectiveness of the penal inspections activities. The concept and essence of the effectiveness of the penal activity is researched in the context of the provisions of the theory of public administration. There is made analysis of the existing methodology of comparative rating of the activities of branches and other departments of the penal inspections from the point of view of achieving the goals of criminal punishment and penal legislation, the implementation of the powers of the penal inspections. The stimulating potential of this technique has been researched, its shortcomings have been established, and the author’s suggestions for its improvement are given. The current rating system for the activities of the penal inspections and their branches allows to strengthen control over the execution of criminal penalties and other measures of a criminal law nature without isolating convicts from society. But its stimulating role in the implementation of the tasks of convict’s correction, stimulation of their law-abiding behavior, prophylaxis and prevention of repeat crimes is not enough traced. The system of evaluating indicators stimulates the activities of the penal inspection to a greater extent in terms of identifying violations committed by convicts and the adoption of appropriate response measures. It is proposed to improve the methodology of comparative rating by establishing the proportionality of the criteria and indicators applied in it, their necessary detailing and consolidation through the calculation of integrated performance indicators.