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Academic literature on the topic 'Necessary Means'

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Published: 14 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Necessary Means"

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Léger, Marc James. "By any Means Necessary." Afterimage 38, no. 5 (March 1, 2011): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.2011.38.5.8.

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Neff, Esther. "By Any Means Necessary." PAJ: A Journal of Performance and Art 46, no. 2 (May 1, 2024): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pajj_a_00712.

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Bernstein, Rachel. "Science by any means necessary." Science 347, no. 6222 (February 5, 2015): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.347.6222.686.

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Werkmäster, Jakob Green. "Normative Transmission and Necessary Means." Philosophia 47, no. 2 (May 17, 2018): 555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11406-018-9976-7.

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Connerly, Ward. "Not by any means necessary." Academic Questions 14, no. 3 (September 2001): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-001-1010-y.

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Spero, A. M. "Human Rights: By Any Means Necessary." OAH Magazine of History 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/22.2.22.

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Spero, A. M. "Human Rights: By Any Means Necessary." OAH Magazine of History 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/22.2.39.

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Larkin, John C. "Morphological Evolution: By Any Means Necessary?" Current Biology 19, no. 20 (November 2009): R953—R954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.002.

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Hugenot, Jerrod H. "Singing in Church—By Any Means Necessary!" Liturgy 30, no. 2 (February 11, 2015): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0458063x.2015.985925.

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Jacques, Wesley. "By Any Means Necessary by Candice Montgomery." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 73, no. 2 (2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2019.0681.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Necessary Means"

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Barrett, William. "The courage to create as a necessary means to being." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/456412548/viewonline.

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Abrams, Scott D. ""By Any Means Necessary:" The League for Human Rights Against Nazism and Domestic Fascism, 1933-1946." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334708389.

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Hastie, Bethany. "By any means necessary: towards a comprehensive definition of coercion to address forced labour in human trafficking legislation." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106622.

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With the substantial rise in global migration in recent years, human trafficking and forced labour are becoming increasingly important international and domestic legal issues. A decade since the inception of the Palermo Protocol, States continue to grapple with the legal definitions associated with human trafficking. This is particularly evident with respect to the concept of coercion, and its prevalence in the realm of forced labour. This thesis explores the meaning of coercion as it applies to human trafficking, and particularly to forced labour, in an effort to address the complexity of this concept from both an international perspective, and specifically in its application to Canadian law against human trafficking. This thesis posits that coercion is non-physical in nature and is employed through threats and penalties which target particular vulnerabilities of victims. This thesis develops a legal conceptual framework to define coercion which can inform domestic and international law in improving the criminal justice response to human trafficking and applies this framework to the current Canadian Criminal Code offence against human trafficking to demonstrate existing gaps, and to propose legislative reform which can improve the investigation and prosecution rates of forced labour cases in Canada.
La traite des êtres humains et le travail forcé présentent des enjeux juridiques nationaux et internationaux de plus en plus importants. Une décennie après la mise en œuvre du Protocole de Palerme, les Etats continuent à débattre des définitions juridiques associées à la traite humaine. Cela est particulièrement évident concernant le concept de contrainte, et sa prévalence dans le domaine du travail forcé. Ce mémoire explore la signification de la contrainte telle qu'elle s'applique à la traite des êtres humains, et plus particulièrement au travail forcé, afin d'adresser cette question complexe par une double perspective internationale et canadienne, en la confrontant à la loi domestique contre la traite des êtres humains. Ce mémoire postule que la contrainte est de nature non-physique et qu'elle est utilisée efficacement par des menaces et sanctions qui ciblent les vulnérabilités particulières des victimes. Ce mémoire développe un cadre juridique pour définir le concept de contrainte, afin d'informer les lois nationales et internationales dans un but d'améliorer la réponse pénale à la traite des êtres humains. Ce cadre juridique est ensuite opposé à la lettre de l'infraction portant sur la traite des êtres humains, telle que présentement comprise dans le Code criminel du Canada, afin de démontrer les lacunes existantes, et de proposer des réformes législatives qui pourront améliorer le taux de réussite des enquêtes et des poursuites portant sur le travail forcé au Canada.
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Tsukayama, John K. "By any means necessary : an interpretive phenomenological analysis study of post 9/11 American abusive violence in Iraq." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4510.

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This study examines the phenomenon of abusive violence (AV) in the context of the American Post-9/11 Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency campaigns. Previous research into atrocities by states and their agents has largely come from examinations of totalitarian regimes with well-developed torture and assassination institutions. The mechanisms influencing willingness to do harm have been examined in experimental studies of obedience to authority and the influences of deindividuation, dehumanization, context and system. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine the lived experience of AV reported by fourteen American military and intelligence veterans. Participants were AV observers, objectors, or abusers. Subjects described why AV appeared sensible at the time, how methods of violence were selected, and what sense they made of their experiences after the fact. Accounts revealed the roles that frustration, fear, anger and mission pressure played to prompt acts of AV that ranged from the petty to heinous. Much of the AV was tied to a shift in mission view from macro strategic aims of CT and COIN to individual and small group survival. Routine hazing punishment soldiers received involving forced exercise and stress positions made similar acts inflicted on detainees unrecognizable as abusive. Overt and implied permissiveness from military superiors enabled AV extending to torture, and extra-judicial killings. Attempting to overcome feelings of vulnerability, powerlessness and rage, subjects enacted communal punishment through indiscriminate beatings and shooting. Participants committed AV to amuse themselves and humiliate their enemies; some killed detainees to force confessions from others, conceal misdeeds, and avoid routine paperwork. Participants realized that AV practices were unnecessary, counter-productive, and self-damaging. Several reduced or halted their AV as a result. The lived experience of AV left most respondents feeling guilt, shame, and inadequacy, whether they committed abuse or failed to stop it.
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Bomotti, Samantha Marie. "The Fibrolast Growth Factor Pathway: A Necessary and Sufficient Means of Inducing Endothelial Cell Development in Nascent Chicken Embryos." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144237.

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Abrahamsson, Zarah. "Mind the gap! : The decision making gap between the Security Council and the Troop Contributing Countries; when "all necessary means" is not enough." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-6601.

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This two part thesis investigates the lack of definition of the wording “all necessary means” and how it ultimately impacts a decision making gap between the Security Council and the troop contributing countries regarding the use of force in UN peace operations. The assumptions are based on Reus-Smit’s constructivist theory, emphasizing that both politics and international law needs to be studied with a holistic approach in order to understand how the two realms shape each other. The assumption of this thesis is that “all necessary means” is not providing enough guidance to constrain the TCCs to behave as sovereign, equal actors in an anarchical structure. The second part of the thesis is a within-case-study of MONUC/MONUSCO, and the Security Council resolution 2098 that established the Force Intervention Brigade.
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Murawska, Agnieszka Aleksandra. "Administrative anti-fraud measures within the European Union necessity and means." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986532606/04.

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Kalidou, Ndaw Cheikh. "L'expression 'tous les moyens nécessaires' dans les résolutions du Conseil de sécurité autorisant le recours à la force." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASH007.

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L'expression « tous les moyens nécessaires » est la « formule magique » privilégiée par le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU pour autoriser des États membres à recourir à la force armée. Elle constitue la clé de voûte de la pratique subséquente qui, bien qu'elle soit en phase avec l'esprit de la Charte des Nations Unies, n'en est pas moins une déformation de sa lettre. À ce titre, elle soulève bien des interrogations qui justifient qu'une étude approfondie lui soit consacrée.S'il est établi que le Conseil de sécurité, agissant dans le cadre du Chapitre VII de la Charte de l'ONU, dispose d'un pouvoir d'autoriser le recours à la force des armes, l'imprécision de la formule usitée et, parfois, des mandats conférés laisse, a priori, une marge d'appréciation importante aux États membres et organismes autorisés. La tentation, pour ces derniers, peut alors être grande d'interpréter ultra petita leurs mandats qui, dès lors, doivent être assortis de garanties suffisantes et de mécanismes de supervision adéquats.Dans cette optique, la présente étude s'intéresse à l'étendue du pouvoir discrétionnaire dont bénéficient les États membres et les organismes autorisés, par le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU, à faire usage de « tous les moyens nécessaires » ; à sa mise en œuvre, à ses limitations, à l'effectivité et à l'efficacité du contrôle dont il doit faire l'objet et, enfin, aux mécanismes de responsabilité internationale qui ont vocation à sanctionner les éventuelles actions et omissions illicites adoptées à l'occasion des interventions militaires autorisées
The expression "All Necessary Means" is the "magic formula" favored by the UN Security Council to authorize Member States to use armed force. It is the keystone of the subsequent practice, which, while in keeping with the spirit of the United Nations Charter, is nonetheless a distortion of its letter. As such, it raises several questions justifying to undertake an in-depth study.While it is established that the Security Council, acting under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, has the power to authorize the use of armed force, the imprecision of the formula used and, sometimes, the mandates conferred leaves a wide margin of appreciation to Member States and authorized bodies. The temptation may be strong that they overinterpret their mandates which, therefore, must be accompanied by sufficient guarantees and adequate supervision mechanisms.With this in mind, the present study looks at the scope of the discretionary power enjoyed by Member States and organizations authorized by the UN Security Council to use "All Necessary Means", its implementation, limitations and the effectiveness and efficiency of the control to which it must be subject; and, finally, the mechanisms of international responsibility designed to sanction any illicit actions and omissions adopted on the occasion of authorized military interventions
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Ribeiro, Eloise Santucci. "Energia e nutrientes na dieta de escolares: contrastes entre municípios brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-15092005-150620/.

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A infância e a adolescência são consideradas fases que envolvem uma série de transformações entre as quais merecem destaque o crescimento físico e desenvolvimento acelerados que são determinantes de uma maior demanda de energia e nutrientes. É fundamental que os indivíduos adotem alimentação balanceada no tocante à energia e nutrientes para que as mudanças na composição corporal e maturação sexual, entre outras demandas, sejam asseguradas. Entre os objetivos principais da pesquisa destacam-se a análise do estado nutricional, consumo de energia e nutrientes e a participação dos macronutrientes na dieta de amostra de 1325 escolares, matriculados em vinte unidades de ensino de dez municípios brasileiros. Os dados referentes ao consumo de alimentos foram obtidos por meio da adoção do método Recordatório 24- horas. Para a elaboração das análises nutricionais foi utilizado o software Virtual Nutri (Philippi et al., 1996). Os resultados revelam ingestão média de energia (1503,4 kcal) que pode ser considerada menor que à recomendação definida para os alunos do grupo etário da amostra. Quando se analisou a situação dos escolares, de acordo com a participação dos macronutrientes no Valor Energético Total da Dieta - VET, observouse que, de forma geral, a maioria (55%) adota dieta inadequada, sendo que as situações mais desfavoráveis atingem os estudantes dos municípios das Regiões Nordeste (Parnaíba e Brasileira) e Norte (Abaetetuba e Tailândia). Situação inversa foi identificada no tocante às dietas dos escolares de Joinville-SC (71,3% do grupo adotavam dietas adequadas). A análise do estado nutricional revelou que é nula a prevalência de baixo peso entre os alunos da totalidade das vinte escolas integrantes da pesquisa. De foram geral a maioria (cerca de 92,6%) foi classificada como eutrófica e proporção de escolares próxima à esperada identificada com sobrepeso. No entanto, nos municípios da Região Sul, os resultados distinguem-se pela superioridade da prevalência de sobrepeso em relação aos demais: proporções de escolares (14,7%) de Joinville e 16,3%, em Ponte Serrada foram diagnosticados com excesso de peso. Note-se que os referidos percentuais são praticamente três vezes maiores quando comparados à proporção observada (5%) em populações considerado de referência. Quanto ao consumo de minerais, merece atenção a reduzida ingestão de cálcio (a maioria dos escolares não ingeriu 50% do valor preconizado). O consumo (médio) de praticamente a totalidade das vitaminas selecionadas pode ser considerado relativamente mais favorável, exceto quando se verifica, entre os alunos a baixa ingestão de folacina e ácido pantotênico. A reduzida presença de fibras da dieta da totalidade dos escolares causa preocupação, especialmente quando atenção é dirigida aos valores preconizados (25 a 38g/dia): o maior consumo foi observado entre os alunos de Parnaiba (14,3 g), enquanto em Joinville, a ingestão alcançou 7,9 g (menor quantidade média identificada). Não sobram dúvidas que o grupo formado por crianças e adolescentes, especialmente aqueles matriculados nas unidades da rede pública de ensino, merece a atenção dos órgãos de saúde e educação, principalmente no tocante ao monitoramento do consumo de alimentos.
Childhood and adolescence are considered periods that involve a series of changes in which some of them are worth enlightening: the physical growth and development that requires a higher intake of energy and nutrients. It is important that these subjects have a balanced food intake concerning energy and nutrients to reassure that the changes such as in body composition and sexual maturation are guaranteed. One of the most important goals of this work is the assessesment of the nutritional status, the energy and nutrients intake, and the macronutrients present in diets of a sample of 1325 students, enrolled in 20 public schools in 10 Brazilian states. The data on the students food intake were obtained using the 24-hour Recall Method. To the nutritional analyses the software Virtual Nutri was used. It was identified among the main findings an average of energy intake (1503.4 kcal) which was considered below the recommended allowance for the group. When the distribution of the students according to the participation of the macronutrients in the total energy value of the diet was analyzed, it was observed that most of them (55%) has inadequate diets, being the worst situations among students of the Northeast Region (Parnaíba and Brasileira) and the North Region (Abaetetuba and Tailândia). The opposite was found among the students from Joinville-SC (71,3% of the group had diets classified as adequate). The analyses of the nutritional status found no prevalence of low weight among the students in the study. Most of them (around 92.6%) were classified as eutrophic and an expected rate (5%) was identified as overweight. Nonetheless among the students from Joinville (14.7%) and Ponte Serrada (16.3%) the results related to overweightness (percentages practically 3 times higher) distinguished by the superiority over the others. Regarding the consumption of minerals, it is surprisingly the low intake of calcium: most of them hadn’t had 50% of the recommended allowance. In relation to the average intake of vitamins the situation can be classified as more regular, except when the reduced intake of folacin and pantotenic acid is considered. The average content of fibers in the diets of all the students is cause of worries especially when the recommended daily allowance (25 to 38g): the highest intake was observed in students from Paraiba (14.3g) and the lowest was identified in students from Joinville. There are no doubts that the group of children and adolescents, especially the ones who attend public schools deserve close attention from the health and educational institutions concerning to food comsuption.
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MEDEIROS, Rex Antonio da Costa. "Zero-Error capacity of quantum channels." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2008. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1320.

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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-01T21:11:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 REX ANTONIO DA COSTA MEDEIROS - TESE PPGEE 2008..pdf: 1089371 bytes, checksum: ea0c95501b938e0d466779a06faaa4f6 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:11:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 REX ANTONIO DA COSTA MEDEIROS - TESE PPGEE 2008..pdf: 1089371 bytes, checksum: ea0c95501b938e0d466779a06faaa4f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-09
Nesta tese, a capacidade erro-zero de canais discretos sem memória é generalizada para canais quânticos. Uma nova capacidade para a transmissão de informação clássica através de canais quânticos é proposta. A capacidade erro-zero de canais quânticos (CEZQ) é definida como sendo a máxima quantidade de informação por uso do canal que pode ser enviada através de um canal quântico ruidoso, considerando uma probabilidade de erro igual a zero. O protocolo de comunicação restringe palavras-código a produtos tensoriais de estados quânticos de entrada, enquanto que medições coletivas entre várias saídas do canal são permitidas. Portanto, o protocolo empregado é similar ao protocolo de Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland. O problema de encontrar a CEZQ é reformulado usando elementos da teoria de grafos. Esta definição equivalente é usada para demonstrar propriedades de famílias de estados quânticos e medições que atingem a CEZQ. É mostrado que a capacidade de um canal quântico num espaço de Hilbert de dimensão d pode sempre ser alcançada usando famílias compostas de, no máximo,d estados puros. Com relação às medições, demonstra-se que medições coletivas de von Neumann são necessárias e suficientes para alcançar a capacidade. É discutido se a CEZQ é uma generalização não trivial da capacidade erro-zero clássica. O termo não trivial refere-se a existência de canais quânticos para os quais a CEZQ só pode ser alcançada através de famílias de estados quânticos não-ortogonais e usando códigos de comprimento maior ou igual a dois. É investigada a CEZQ de alguns canais quânticos. É mostrado que o problema de calcular a CEZQ de canais clássicos-quânticos é puramente clássico. Em particular, é exibido um canal quântico para o qual conjectura-se que a CEZQ só pode ser alcançada usando uma família de estados quânticos não-ortogonais. Se a conjectura é verdadeira, é possível calcular o valor exato da capacidade e construir um código de bloco quântico que alcança a capacidade. Finalmente, é demonstrado que a CEZQ é limitada superiormente pela capacidade de Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland.
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Books on the topic "Necessary Means"

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Brown, Ben. All necessary means. London: BBC Books, 1991.

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X, Malcolm. By any means necessary. 2nd ed. New York: Pathfinder, 1992.

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James, Haskins. Spike Lee: By any means necessary. New York: Walker and Co., 1997.

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Myers, Walter Dean. Malcolm X: By any means necessary. New York: Scholastic, 1993.

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Akademi, Kerala Lalitha Kala, ed. By all means necessary: Selections from Johny ML's blog. Thrissur: Kerala Lalithakala Akademi, 2011.

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Stansill, Peter. BAMN: (By Any Means Necessary) : outlaw manifestos and ephemera, 1965-70. New York: Autonomedia, 1999.

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University of Pretoria. Centre for Human Rights and Colloquium on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (2014 : Pretoria, South Africa), eds. By all means necessary: Protecting civilians and preventing mass atrocities in Africa. South Africa: Pretoria University Law Press, 2017.

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Ander, Alex. Necessary Means. Independently Published, 2017.

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Chadwick, Kefi. Any Means Necessary. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2016.

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Mars, Jack. Any Means Necessary. Jack Mars, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Necessary Means"

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Renwick, Robin. "‘All necessary means’." In Fighting with Allies, 266–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379824_42.

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Garland, Christopher. "By any means of persuasion necessary." In The Routledge Handbook of Vegan Studies, 122–33. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003020875-13.

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Wright, H. G. "John Dewey’s Perspectives on Means and Ends: The Setting Which Makes Informal Deliberation Necessary." In Means, Ends and Medical Care, 73–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5292-7_3.

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Battle, Sha’Dawn. "“By Any Means Necessary”: Kanye West and the Hypermasculine Construct." In The Cultural Impact of Kanye West, 81–96. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137395825_6.

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Bichler, Gabriele Aïsha. "Frantz Fanon." In By any means necessary?! Analogien und Differenzen im Denken von Frantz Fanon und Malcolm X, 11–43. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41187-9_2.

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Bichler, Gabriele Aïsha. "Malcolm X." In By any means necessary?! Analogien und Differenzen im Denken von Frantz Fanon und Malcolm X, 45–69. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41187-9_3.

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Bichler, Gabriele Aïsha. "Einleitung." In By any means necessary?! Analogien und Differenzen im Denken von Frantz Fanon und Malcolm X, 1–10. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41187-9_1.

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Bichler, Gabriele Aïsha. "Abstract." In By any means necessary?! Analogien und Differenzen im Denken von Frantz Fanon und Malcolm X, 187–89. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41187-9_6.

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Bichler, Gabriele Aïsha. "Zusammenfassung/Conclusio." In By any means necessary?! Analogien und Differenzen im Denken von Frantz Fanon und Malcolm X, 179–85. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41187-9_5.

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Bichler, Gabriele Aïsha. "Gemeinsamkeiten." In By any means necessary?! Analogien und Differenzen im Denken von Frantz Fanon und Malcolm X, 71–178. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41187-9_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Necessary Means"

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Gupta, Sushmita, Sanjukta Roy, Saket Saurabh, and Meirav Zehavi. "Winning a Tournament by Any Means Necessary." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/39.

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In a tournament, $n$ players enter the competition. In each round, they are paired-up to compete against each other. Losers are thrown, while winners proceed to the next round, until only one player (the winner) is left. Given a prediction of the outcome, for every pair of players, of a match between them (modeled by a digraph $D$), the competitive nature of a tournament makes it attractive for manipulators. In the Tournament Fixing (TF) problem, the goal is to decide if we can conduct the competition (by controlling how players are paired-up) so that our favorite player $w$ wins. A common form of manipulation is to bribe players to alter the outcome of matches. Kim and Williams [IJCAI 2015] integrated such deceit into TF, and showed that the resulting problem is NP-hard when $\ell<(1-\epsilon)\log n$ alterations are possible (for any fixed $\epsilon>0$). For this problem, our contribution is fourfold. First, we present two operations that ``obfuscate deceit'': given one solution, they produce another solution. Second, we present a combinatorial result, stating that there is always a solution with all reversals incident to $w$ and ``elite players''. Third, we give a closed formula for the case where $D$ is a DAG. Finally, we present exact exponential-time and parameterized algorithms for the general case.
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Coleman, James, and Shannon Cole. "By Any Means Necessary: Digitally Fabricating Architecture at Scale." In ACADIA 2017: Disciplines and Disruption. ACADIA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2017.190.

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Coleman, James, and Shannon Cole. "By Any Means Necessary: Digitally Fabricating Architecture at Scale." In ACADIA 2017: Disciplines and Disruption. ACADIA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2017.190.

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Cappelle, Collin, Anton Bernatskiy, and Josh C. Bongard. "Ecological modularity as a means to reduce necessary training environments in evolutionary robotics." In GECCO '17: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3067695.3076027.

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Pumwa, J. "Engineering Ethics: A Necessary Attribute for Papua New Guinea Engineers." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37023.

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Interest in engineering ethics education has developed significant momentum in almost all advanced countries. The developing countries have not yet paid enough attention to such critical issues and Papua New Guinea is no different. This is probably the reason why corruption activities have become part of the normal activities of politicians, senior public servants and many other higher office holders as reported in the daily news media. As engineering work becomes more complex and diverse, an understanding of engineering ethics becomes an important attribute for adequate and ethical preparation of engineers along with their technical knowledge. This basically means that engineering students have to learn about their ethical obligations towards society, their employers, fellow engineers and themselves. This paper discusses the needs and reasons for integrating ethics into the education of undergraduate engineering students in Papua New Guinea.
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Brusca, S., R. Lanzafame, and M. Messina. "Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Combustion by Means of Genetic Algorithms." In ASME 2005 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2005-1222.

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In order to carry out an accurate heat release analysis, it is necessary to solve a non linear set of chemical equilibrium equations to calculate concentrations of the species present in cylinder gases during the combustion process. So, the thermodynamics properties of the mixture can be evaluated. The present paper deals with the study of the thermodynamics of combustion using a genetic approach. A genetic algorithm was used to solve the set of non linear equations. The goal of this method is the possibility of solving the equations set in a wide range of pressure, temperature and equivalence ratio combinations, where more traditional methods are often found to fail.
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Smith, David G., and Larry L. Howell. "Multi-Layer Means of Guiding a Large Displacement Microelectromechanical System." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87518.

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Large-displacment MEMS are susceptible to motion in off-axis directions, or motion deviating from the desired path of the device. The multi-layer means of guiding large displacement devices prevents the shuttle from moving away from the substrate, and effectively constrains the transverse motion; the guiding device does not inhibit the motion necessary for proper function of the device. The novelty of the device lies in the placement of the guide; positioning the guide inside of the the shuttle constrains the device without increasing the footprint size.
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Constantin, Andreea raluca. "TEACHING AND LEARNING ENGLISH BY MEANS OF ONLINE SOURCES." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-244.

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Learning foreign languages in the 21st century is a human necessity, a prerequisite for personal and professional success, an activity impossible to avoid. In addition, learning English, considered a lingua franca, a language so widely spread in the virtual world, mass media, advertising, music, TV shows, etc. can be easy, entertaining and accessible. Starting from the topic of this workshop, based on my own experience as a Foreign Language Teacher and backed up by specialised courses for teachers of English, this paper aims to review, in a development focused manner, several authentic materials that teachers can use in class and to discuss the variety of sources that students can resort to and use individually. On the one hand, teachers can tailor articles or stories from blogs, company websites, brochures, newspapers, magazines, etc, which, although not written for academic purposes, do contain real life situations, case studies, the genuine vocabulary of a specific field. This article will provide practical examples of online texts modified for the level of the students and the variety of activities derived from this adaptation, thus, matching reading, writing, speaking or vocabulary activities. On the other hand, students, fond of and familiar with the virtual world, and who possess the necessary "habits of mind associated with these technologies" (Beetham and Sharpe, "An Introduction to Rethinking Pedagogy for a Digital Age", 2007: 5) should be encouraged to use the Worldwide Web wisely in order to improve their language skills. Mobile apps for language learning (such as: http://freerice.com or https://www.duolingo.com/) or the inputs given by http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/ can be used by students on their own, in the comfort of their home. This paper will analyse the two apps and some Podcasts that can help learners to correct their pronunciation, giving them the confidence they need to express themselves in public.
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DOĞAN, Ahmet Turan. "TEACHING TURKISH ORTHOGRAPHY, PUNCTUATION AND DICTIONARY USAGE BY MEANS OF INTERNET SOURCES." In 3. International Congress of Language and Literature. Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/lan.con3-1.

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The ways of accessing information are gradually changing although the source of information does not change much in the digital world we live in. In this context, printed works, which are seen as the most important source for accessing information, are increasingly being transferred to the digital world and the concept of e-books has become more common in the academic world. For this reason, it is important for students, teacher candidates and teachers in the relevant field to be educated about accessing and benefiting from related necessary online resources. Therefore, in this study, the subject of accessing and benefiting from online resources related to orthography, punctuation and dictionary usage which are among the most common subjects in Turkish was discussed. In addition, the place of orthography, punctuation and dictionary usage in both academic and daily lives, their importance as reference guide in the field and which online resources related to these subjects should be taken as a basis in the field were also explained. Thus, it is considered that this study will contribute to facilitating and accelerating the process of students’, teacher candidates’ and teachers’ accessing to online resources which are seen as a necessity of the digital era. Key words: Turkish, Orthography, Punctuation, Dictionary, Internet Resources.
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Kultan, Jaroslav. "IT in education is a necessary condition for sustainable socio-economic development." In Sustainable and Innovative Development in the Global Digital Age. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.ryhy3176.

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Remembering the old wisdom “we need smart and healthy people”, I would like to draw attention to the fact that in our modern world we need young, educated people working with the most advanced technologies. The use of IT in the learning process as an object, means and tool can achieve better results. In the modern global world, it is necessary not only to study some of the basics of science and develop new areas, but also to introduce them widely. We are talking about active international cooperation of scientists on the basis of modern IT. The aim of the multi-year study was to study and test the possibilities of using IT to improve the quality of education. The main idea was a multidimensional study of IT and its impact on the development of the learning process. The main research methods were the analysis of forms and methods of teaching with IT based on multi-dimensional and multi-speed feedback implemented by various tools. The object of study was also IT. The result of the research was some recommendations for changing the course of lectures or classes in high school or lyceums based on ultra-fast feedback. The article originated as a generalization of scientific research of several institutions in Slovakia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine, the Czech Republic, Hungary and other countries. The article presents some approaches to the use of IT and their impact on the quality of education.
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Reports on the topic "Necessary Means"

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Stone, Kathryn. All Means Necessary" - Employing CIA Operatives in a Warfighting Role Alongside Special Operations Forces". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada415779.

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Dul, Jan. Introduction to Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) - Free Seminar. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/qj4feyumcjkfo469.

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Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) understands a cause as a necessary (but not sufficient) condition, rather than a probabilistic cause (as in regression analysis). “Necessary” means that an outcome will not occur without a certain level of the condition, independent of the rest of the causal structure (thus the condition can be a “bottleneck”, “critical factor”, “constraint”). NCA is rapidly entering a variety of research fields and can be used as a stand-alone method or in combination with other methods (e.g., multiple regression analysis, structural equation modeling, qualitative comparative analysis). This two-part seminar will introduce you to NCA and then demonstrate the use of R for conducting NCA analysis for your research. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. The seminar offers ECTS Equivalent points for European PhD students.
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Dul, Jan. Introduction to Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) - Free Seminar. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/srmt9mchln046469.

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Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) understands a cause as a necessary (but not sufficient) condition, rather than a probabilistic cause (as in regression analysis). “Necessary” means that an outcome will not occur without a certain level of the condition, independent of the rest of the causal structure (thus the condition can be a “bottleneck”, “critical factor”, “constraint”). NCA is rapidly entering a variety of research fields and can be used as a stand-alone method or in combination with other methods (e.g., multiple regression analysis, structural equation modeling, qualitative comparative analysis). This two-part seminar will introduce you to NCA and then demonstrate the use of R for conducting NCA analysis for your research. An official Instats certificate of completion is provided at the conclusion of the seminar. The seminar offers ECTS Equivalent points for European PhD students.
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Zelinska, Snizhana O., Albert A. Azaryan, and Volodymyr A. Azaryan. Investigation of Opportunities of the Practical Application of the Augmented Reality Technologies in the Information and Educative Environment for Mining Engineers Training in the Higher Education Establishment. [б. в.], November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2672.

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The augmented reality technologies allow receiving the necessary data about the environment and improvement of the information perception. Application of the augmented reality technologies in the information and educative environment of the higher education establishment will allow receiving the additional instrumental means for education quality increasing. Application of the corresponding instrumental means, to which the platforms of the augmented reality Vuforia, ARToolKit, Kudan can be referred, will allow presenting the lecturers the necessary tools for making of the augmented reality academic programs.
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Merzlykin, Olexandr, and Iryna Topolova. Developing of Key Competencies by Means of Augmented Reality in Science and Language Integrated Learning. [б. в.], May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2897.

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Using of new learning and IC technologies is necessary for effective learning of modern students. That is why it can be reasonable to introduce augmented reality and content-language integrated learning in educational process. Augmented reality helps create firm links between real and virtual objects. Content and language integrated learning provides immersion in an additional language and creates challenging group and personal tasks in language and non-language subjects. Using these technologies in complex provides social and ICT mobility and creates positive conditions for developing 9 of 10 key competencies. The paper deals with the features, problems and benefits of these technologies’ implementation in secondary schools.
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Merzlykin, Olexandr V., Iryna Yu Topolova, and Vitaliy V. Tron. Developing of Key Competencies by Means of Augmented Reality at CLIL Lessons. [б. в.], November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2661.

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Using of new learning and IC technologies is necessary for effective learning of modern students. Their specific educational needs are: using of mobile ICTs, collaboration, challenging tasks and entertainment. Appropriate learning environment should be created to satisfy all these demands. It ought to deal with cloud-based technologies (for 24/7 access, individual and group work according to a personal schedule), augmented reality (for creating of firm links between real and virtual objects), content and language integrated learning (for immersion in an additional language and creation challenging groups and personal tasks in language and non-language subjects). Using these technologies in complex provides social and ICT mobility and creates positive conditions for developing 9 of 10 key competencies. The paper deals with the features, problems and benefits of technologies’ implementation in secondary schools. To sum up, in spite of all difficulties, this environment helps students to get some practical experience in using foreign languages and understanding abstract nature concepts; to develop language and research competencies and to remain motivated (and self-motivated) in learning Science and English.
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PODDUBSKAYA, O., V. DARJINA, and E. MAKSIMKINA. PECULIARITIES OF STORITELLING APPLICATION FOR SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHERS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-2-3-7-15.

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The article is devoted to the study of storytelling possibilities as a means of speech development, including the ones in a foreign language. This determines its relevance, since fluency in the word is necessary for a teacher to solve learning problems and create an atmosphere of interest, creativity and psychological contact with students.
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Dudoit, Alain. European common data spaces: a structuring initiative that is both necessary and adaptable to Canada. CIRANO, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/skhp9567.

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Faced with the acceleration of the digital economy, the governance and effective sharing of data have become fundamental issues for public policy at all levels of jurisdictions and in all areas of human activity. This paper reviews the initiatives and challenges associated with data governance, with a particular focus on the European Common Data Spaces (ECDS) and their direct relevance to the Canadian context. It explores the inherent complexity of data governance, which must reconcile sector-specificities with more horizontal governance principles. In doing so, it highlights the importance of strategic and coordinated action to maximize the social and economic benefits of data. The Burgundy Report, published by CIRANO in July 2023, calls for the creation of a common data space in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Strategic Trade Corridor by 2030. This proposal builds in particular on three separate policy reports published in 2022 by the National Supply Chain Task Force, the Council of Ministers Responsible for Transportation and Highway Safety (COMT) and the House of Commons Standing Committee on Transportation, Infrastructure and Communities. The findings and recommendations of these reports raise fundamental questions that are central to the critical issues of governance, organizational culture, execution capacity, public and private stakeholder engagement, and data underutilization within the Canadian government machinery strained by years of delay and exacerbated by recent disruptions related to anticipated climate disasters. The creation of a common data space is envisaged as a structuring investment in Canada's essential infrastructure for intermodal transport and the supply chain. This working paper on European Common Data Spaces (ECDS) extends the synthesis and recommendations published last July 2023 by providing an operational analysis of the transformative initiative currently underway within the European Union (EU). This major policy development stems from the 2020 European Data Strategy and seeks to establish twelve common data spaces in strategic sectors, including mobility and transport. The document is divided into three main parts. The first part provides an overview of data-related public policies in Canada and the EU between 2018 and 2023. The second part focuses on the implications and lessons learned from the impact assessment supporting the adoption of data governance legislation by the European institutions. This directive establishes a regulatory framework for the creation of common data spaces in the EU. The third section discusses the current deployment of ECDSs, highlighting key milestones and ongoing processes. The paper highlights notable similarities between the EU and Canada in the identification of data issues and the formulation of public policy objectives. It also highlights differences in optimizing data sharing between jurisdictions and stakeholders. A fundamental difference between these two strategic partners is the absence of an effective and sustained pooling of resources within the Canadian intergovernmental machinery in pursuit of common objectives in the face of major shared challenges such as data accessibility and sharing. This situation is in stark contrast to the EU's groundbreaking deployment of the ECDS in pursuit of identical objectives of positioning itself as a world leader in the data economy. This lack of consideration, let alone joint action, by Canada's intergovernmental machinery to implement a common data strategy in Canada is damaging. To be effective, the Canadian response must be agile, results-oriented, and interoperable across jurisdictions. The rigorous management, responsible use, and organized sharing of data within and between jurisdictions are crucial to addressing the complex challenges and major risks facing Canada. Neither the federal nor provincial governments are currently well positioned to treat data as a shared strategic asset. The resolution of regulatory, legal, and technical obstacles to data exchange between jurisdictions and organizations cannot be achieved without the creation of a common data space. This can only be achieved by combining the necessary tools and infrastructures, and by addressing issues of trust, for example by means of common rules drawn up for this purpose. “The barriers that prevent the establishment of robust health data sharing systems are not technical, but rather fundamentally political and cultural.”
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Baker, Nicholas, Rafaella Belmonte Monteiro, Alessia Boccalatte, Karine Bouty, Johannes Brozovsky, Cyril Caliot, Rafael Campamà Pizarro, et al. Identification of existing tools and workflows for solar neighborhood planning. Edited by Jouri, Kanters. IEA SHC Task 63, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task63-2022-0001.

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Planning for sustainable neighborhoods is a high priority for many cities. It is therefore important to take the right decisions during the planning phase to ensure that important aspects are considered. One of these important aspects is to consider the harvesting of solar energy in the best possible way. It is however difficult to define the best ways to exploit the incoming solar energy. Solar energy can be used by means of active solar energy production, passively by means of daylighting buildings or outside buildings on the ground for direct solar access or thermal comfort. This different usage can sometimes be conflicting (for example at a building level, in order to maximize the photovoltaic production, it may be necessary to use all the surfaces, therefore preventing the access to daylight). The access to daylight in the street is appreciated during cold days, but shading is preferred during the hotter days.
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Roy, Camille, Dominique Derome, and Caroline Frenette. Modelling hygrothermal performance of wood assemblies exposed to fungi growth. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541621854.

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This research project aims to document the spread of the biodegradation in wood frame buildings and, more specifically, to investigate the aggravating impact of the presence of the rotting fungus Serpula lacrymans in wood-based materials on the hygrothermal performance of wood-framed wall and floor assemblies. The proposed methodology is to calibrate a hygrothermal model of wood contaminated by varying stages of S. lacrymans. The S. lacrymans has a particular ability compared to other fungi in that it can move its water source to seek nutrients. Hyphen cords have been seen on brick and concrete elements, as a bypass mean to reach wood. Thus, this fungus is modelled with two means: modified hygrothermal properties and addition of parallel paths for moisture transfer in the assemblies. To develop these, characterizing healthy and contaminated wood is necessary to be used as input in the models. The simulations are performed for residential building envelope assemblies under current and future climatic conditions.
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