Relevant bibliographies by topics / Near-surface stratification

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Near-surface stratification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Near-surface stratification"

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Reverdin, G., S. Morisset, H. Bellenger, et al. "Near–Sea Surface Temperature Stratification from SVP Drifters." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, no. 8 (2013): 1867–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00182.1.

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Abstract This study describes how the hull temperature (Ttop) measurements from multisensor surface velocity program (SVP) drifters can be combined with other measurements to provide quantitative information on near-surface vertical temperature stratification during large daily cycles. First, Ttop is compared to the temperature measured at 17 -cm depth from a float tethered to the SVP drifter. These 2007–12 SVP drifters present a larger daily cycle by 1%–3% for 1°–2°C daily cycle amplitudes, with a maximum difference close to the local noon. The difference could result from flow around the SVP
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Fischer, Tim, Annette Kock, Damian L. Arévalo-Martínez, Marcus Dengler, Peter Brandt, and Hermann W. Bange. "Gas exchange estimates in the Peruvian upwelling regime biased by multi-day near-surface stratification." Biogeosciences 16, no. 11 (2019): 2307–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2307-2019.

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Abstract. The coastal upwelling regime off Peru in December 2012 showed considerable vertical concentration gradients of dissolved nitrous oxide (N2O) across the top few meters of the ocean. The gradients were predominantly downward, i.e., concentrations decreased toward the surface. Ignoring these gradients causes a systematic error in regionally integrated gas exchange estimates, when using observed concentrations at several meters below the surface as input for bulk flux parameterizations – as is routinely practiced. Here we propose that multi-day near-surface stratification events are resp
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Santos-Garcia, Andrea, Maria Marta Jacob, and W. Linwood Jones. "SMOS Near-Surface Salinity Stratification Under Rainy Conditions." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, no. 6 (2016): 2493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2016.2527038.

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Iyer, Suneil, and Kyla Drushka. "Turbulence within Rain-Formed Fresh Lenses during the SPURS-2 Experiment." Journal of Physical Oceanography 51, no. 5 (2021): 1705–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-20-0303.1.

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AbstractObservations of salinity, temperature, and turbulent dissipation rate were made in the top meter of the ocean using the ship-towed Surface Salinity Profiler as part of the second Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS-2) to assess the relationships between wind, rain, near-surface stratification, and turbulence. A wide range of wind and rain conditions were observed in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean near 10°N, 125°W in summer–autumn 2016 and 2017. Wind was the primary driver of near-surface turbulence and the mixing of rain-formed fresh lenses, with lenses gene
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Pernica, Patricia, and Mathew Wells. "Frequency of episodic stratification in the near surface of Lake Opeongo and other small lakes." Water Quality Research Journal 47, no. 3-4 (2012): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2012.001.

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Wind-driven mixing in the epilimnion of a deep lake can be suppressed when there is a weak near surface stratification, which occurs frequently during periods of strong solar heating and weak winds. Using data from a vertical chain of fast response thermistors, we analyze the frequency of near surface stratification in the top 2 meters of the epilimnion in Lake Opeongo, Ontario for the periods between May and August in 2009 and 2010. Near surface thermoclines (as defined by dT/dz > 0.2 °C m−1 between 1 and 2 m) occur for 24% of the sampling period in 2009, 37% of the sampling period in
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Li, Yifan, Matthew Marander, Rebecca Mort, Fei Liu, Xin Yong, and Shan Jiang. "Who wins the race near the interface? Stratification of colloids, nano-surfactants, and others." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 11 (2022): 110901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098710.

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The diffusion of colloids, nanoparticles, and small molecules near the gas–liquid interface presents interesting multiphase transport phenomena and unique opportunities for understanding interactions near the surface and interface. Stratification happens when different species preside over the interfaces in the final dried coating structure. Understanding the principles of stratification can lead to emerging technologies for materials’ fabrication and has the potential to unlock innovative industrial solutions, such as smart coatings and drug formulations for controlled release. However, strat
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Mellado, Juan Pedro, Chiel C. van Heerwaarden, and Jade Rachele Garcia. "Near-Surface Effects of Free Atmosphere Stratification in Free Convection." Boundary-Layer Meteorology 159, no. 1 (2015): 69–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-015-0105-x.

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Sutherland, Graig, Louis Marié, Gilles Reverdin, Kai H. Christensen, Göran Broström, and Brian Ward. "Enhanced Turbulence Associated with the Diurnal Jet in the Ocean Surface Boundary Layer." Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, no. 10 (2016): 3051–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-15-0172.1.

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AbstractDetailed observations of the diurnal jet, a surface intensification of the wind-driven current associated with the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature (SST), were obtained during August and September 2012 in the subtropical Atlantic. A diurnal increase in SST of 0.2° to 0.5°C was observed, which corresponded to a diurnal jet of 0.15 m s−1. The increase in near-surface stratification limits the vertical diffusion of the wind stress, which in turn increases the near-surface shear. While the stratification decreased the turbulent dissipation rate ε below the depth of the diurnal jet,
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LAMB, KEVIN G. "A numerical investigation of solitary internal waves with trapped cores formed via shoaling." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 451 (January 25, 2002): 109–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002211200100636x.

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The formation of solitary internal waves with trapped cores via shoaling is investigated numerically. For density fields for which the buoyancy frequency increases monotonically towards the surface, sufficiently large solitary waves break as they shoal and form solitary-like waves with trapped fluid cores. Properties of large-amplitude waves are shown to be sensitive to the near-surface stratification. For the monotonic stratifications considered, waves with open streamlines are limited in amplitude by the breaking limit (maximum horizontal velocity equals wave propagation speed). When an expo
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LaCasce, J. H. "Surface Quasigeostrophic Solutions and Baroclinic Modes with Exponential Stratification." Journal of Physical Oceanography 42, no. 4 (2012): 569–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-11-0111.1.

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Abstract The author derives baroclinic modes and surface quasigeostrophic (SQG) solutions with exponential stratification and compares the results to those obtained with constant stratification. The SQG solutions with exponential stratification decay more rapidly in the vertical and have weaker near-surface velocities. This then compounds the previously noted problem that SQG underpredicts the velocities associated with a given surface density anomaly. The author also examines how the SQG solutions project onto the baroclinic modes. With constant stratification, SQG waves larger than deformati
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Near-surface stratification"

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Sree, Lekha J. "Space-time variability of near-surface salinity in the Bay of Bengal." Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4649.

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Freshwater from monsoon rain and rivers leads to a 5-10 m deep low-salinity layer in the north Bay of Bengal from August to February. The thin fresh layer, with strong stratification at its base, is highly responsive to air-sea momentum and heat flux. Moored observations at 18N, about 500 km away from major river mouths, show a 3-8 psu drop in surface salinity within a week as water from the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) river arrives at the mooring in late August-early September each year, and from the Irrawady river in November-December. In conjunction with satellite sea surface salinity (S
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Book chapters on the topic "Near-surface stratification"

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Davies, G. F. "Heat And Mass Transport In The Early Earth." In Origin of the Earth. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195066197.003.0011.

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Abstract Mass transport was responsible for establishing the main stratification of the Earth ( core, mantle, and crust) and also was the dominant means of heat transport through most of the Earth’s history. During early accretion, impacts supplied the heat input and also enhanced heat loss by stirring the near-surface. Initial core segregation probably began catastrophically when the Earth was about half of its present radius and homogenized the temperature near the melting temperature of the C. Thereafter, core segregation would have been rate-limited by accretion. Subsequent thermal evoluti
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Vishnu, S. B., and Biju T. Kuzhiveli. "Effect of Roughness Elements on the Evolution of Thermal Stratification in a Cryogenic Propellant Tank." In Low-Temperature Technologies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98404.

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The cryogenic propulsion era started with the use of liquid rockets. These rocket engines use propellants in liquid form with reasonably high density, allowing reduced tank size with a high mass ratio. Cryogenic engines are designed for liquid fuels that have to be held in liquid form at cryogenic temperature and gas at normal temperatures. Since propellants are stored at their boiling temperature or subcooled condition, minimal heat infiltration itself causes thermal stratification and self-pressurization. Due to stratification, the state of propellant inside the tank varies, and it is essent
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"Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass." In Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass, edited by James A. Rice, Jessica S. Thompson, Jamie A. Sykes, and Christian T. Waters. American Fisheries Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874363.ch6.

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<em>Abstract</em>.—Historically, striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em> summer kills have been attributed to two mechanisms: stressors associated with crowding when striped bass are confined in isolated, cool refuges; and thermal stress or energetic deficit when hypolimnetic hypoxia (dissolved oxygen less than 2 mg/L) forces them into high-temperature surface waters. Here, we present observations suggesting that a third mechanism may account for some of these striped bass mortality events. During summer stratification, many relatively deep southeastern reservoirs develo
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Kraus, Eric B., and Joost A. Businger. "Turbulent Transfer Near the Interface." In Atmosphere-Ocean Interaction. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195066180.003.0009.

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The atmosphere and the ocean are in intimate contact at their interface, where momentum, water substance, heat, and trace constituents are exchanged. This exchange is often modest when a light breeze strokes the surface; sometimes the processes are violent, when gale force winds sweep up ocean spray into the atmosphere and when braking waves engulf air into the ocean. It may even appear that the transition between ocean and atmosphere becomes gradual and indistinct. The transition from ocean to atmosphere is usually an abrupt transition of one fluid to another. The interface may then be consid
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Schoepfer, Shane D., and Charles M. Henderson. "Paleogeographic Implications of Open-Marine Anoxia in the Permian–Triassic Slide Mountain Ocean." In Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic Tectonostratigraphy and Biostratigraphy of Western Pangea. SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/sepmsp.113.10.

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The end-Permian mass extinction was associated with the onset of anoxia in widespread marine environments; however, the extent of this anoxia remains controversial. Proposed models range from near-universal “superanoxia” in the Panthalassic Basin to a more limited expansion of anoxia in the upper water column in response to enhanced primary productivity. The Peck Creek and Ursula Creek sections of northern British Columbia were deposited at ~200 m water depth in the Ishbel Trough, on the margin of cratonic North America. This trough was generally contiguous with the Slide Mountain Ocean, and t
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Conference papers on the topic "Near-surface stratification"

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Santos-Garcia, Andrea, Maria Marta Jacob, and W. Linwood Jones. "Near-surface salinity stratification observed by SMOS under rainy conditions." In IGARSS 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2015.7325712.

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Giese, Graham S., and David C. Chapman. "Evidence of Near-Surface Density Stratification as a Factor in Extreme Seiche Events at Ciutadella Harbor, Menorca Island." In Fourth International Symposium on Ocean Wave Measurement and Analysis. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40604(273)163.

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Howard, Alicia H., and Issam Mudawar. "Pool Boiling Critical Heat Flux on a Downward-Facing Convex Surface." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1503.

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Abstract Heat transfer measurements and photographic studies were performed to capture the detailed evolution of liquid-vapor interfacial behavior near critical heat flux (CHF) for a 90-degree downward-facing convex surface. The test surface, with a width of 3.2 mm and a 102.6-mm radius, consisted of a series of nine heaters which dissipated equal power. Instrumentation within each heater facilitated localized heat flux and temperature measurements along the convex surface, and transparent front and back windows enabled optical access to a fairly two-dimensional liquid-vapor interface. Near CH
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Emery, A. F., D. R. Heerwagen, C. J. Kippenhan, and D. E. Steele. "Thermal Performance of a Residential Basement." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1427.

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Abstract This paper describes the measurement of ground and internal wall temperatures, local surface heat fluxes on the basement walls and floor, and overall heat losses for a concrete wall basement. The heat fluxes were measured with heat flux meters and mimic boxes. Daily and seasonal measured performances are displayed. A portion of the walls was covered with additional insulation. This allowed comparison of insulated and non-insulated basements and showed that a modest amount of insulation could reduce the annual heat loss by approximately 50%. The local fluxes are shown to vary significa
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Turner, Trevor B., Ryan F. Schkoda, John R. Wagner, and Robert T. Leitner. "Wind Shear Modeling for Wind Turbine Siting Studies." In ASME 2009 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2009-2696.

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A wind turbine generator offers a green renewable alternative to the traditional fossil and nuclear fuel processes to generate electrical power. Both wind energy technology and wind turbine farm designs remain in demand given the current growth in energy requirements and the public’s preference for clean sources. Simply put, wind energy offers a safe, relatively cost effective solution for global energy production. For example, the energy demand for populated coastal cities encourages offshore farms to fulfill future electrical needs. Similarly, wind turbines may be placed in land-locked regio
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Chen, Meilan, and Zeming Zheng. "Validation of a CFD Code for the Analysis of Hydrogen Behaviors and Thermal Hydraulics in Containments." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82192.

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During the process of core melt-down accident in light water reactors, large quantities of hydrogen generated by drastic water-metal reaction are released to the containment. Subsequently, hydrogen-rich layer may be formed under the dome of the containment, threatening the integrity of nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). In the framework of a China national R&D project, China Nuclear Power Research Institute (CNPRI) has developed a three dimensional CFD Code for the assessment of hydrogen behaviors and relative thermal hydraulics in containment. The code solves the time-dependent Navier-Stokes Eq
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Kurup, Nishu V., Shan Shi, Zhongmin Shi, Wenju Miao, and Lei Jiang. "Study of Nonlinear Internal Waves and Impact on Offshore Drilling Units." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50304.

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Internal waves near the ocean surface have been observed in many parts of the world including the Andaman Sea, Sulu Sea and South China Sea among others. The factors that cause and propagate these large amplitude waves include bathymetry, density stratification and ocean currents. Although their effects on floating drilling platforms and its riser systems have not been extensively studied, these waves have in the past seriously disrupted offshore exploration and drilling operations. In particular a drill pipe was ripped from the BOP and lost during drilling operations in the Andaman sea. Drill
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Wang, Di, and Xuewu Cao. "Preliminary Analysis of Hydrogen Distribution During Severe Accident Induced by Loss of Coolant Accident." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66497.

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During hypothetical severe accidents in nuclear power plants, a large amount of hydrogen is generated rapidly as a result of Zirconium-Steam reaction and released into the containment. Hydrogen mixes with air and may come into combustion or detonation under proper conditions, which threatens the integrity of containment. Therefore, getting detailed hydrogen flow and distribution in various physical mechanisms is a key issue to resolve the hydrogen risk in containment and compartments. To study local hydrogen distribution in the containment of advanced passive PWR, an analysis model is built by
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Pitz, Diogo B., and William R. Wolf. "Direct Numerical Simulation of Radial Convection in a Cylindrical Annulus With and Without Rotation." In ASME-JSME-KSME 2019 8th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-5025.

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Abstract In rotating systems with temperature gradients, convection may occur due to gravitational or centrifugal effects. In cases where rotation is strong enough so that the centrifugal acceleration is higher than gravity, the flow is induced by centrifugal buoyancy and gravitational effects can be neglected. The problem of flow induced by centrifugal buoyancy in a cylindrical annulus has been used as a canonical setup to investigate industrial configurations, such as buoyancy-driven flows occurring in gas turbine secondary air systems, as well as geophysical flows, such as convection in the
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Ohno, Shuji, Takashi Takata, and Yuji Tajima. "Evaluation of Sodium Pool Fire and Thermal Consequence in Two-Cell Configuration." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-61095.

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Evaluation of accidental sodium leak, combustion, and its thermal consequence is one of the important issues to be assessed in the field of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) since the liquid sodium is chemically active and might give thermal load to plant building structure due to its exothermic reaction with oxygen in air atmosphere. Therefore, many experimental investigations and numerical simulation tools development have been and still now are being carried out to understand the details of sodium fire behaviors and to contribute to the investigation and preparation of appropriate mitigation
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Reports on the topic "Near-surface stratification"

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Barker, Amanda, Taylor Sullivan, W. Baxter, et al. Iron oxidation–reduction processes in warming permafrost soils and surface waters expose a seasonally rusting Arctic watershed. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48714.

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Landscape-scale changes from climate change in the Arctic affect the soil thermal regime and impact the depth to permafrost in vulnerable tundra watersheds. When top-down thaw of permafrost occurs, oxygen and porewaters infiltrate deeper in the soil column exposing fresh, previously frozen material and altering redox conditions. A gap remains in understanding how redox stratifications in thawing permafrost impact the geochemistry of watersheds in response to climate change and how investigations into redox may be scaled by coupling extensive geophysical mapping techniques. In this study, we co
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