Journal articles: 'Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS)'

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Richter, B., H. J. Hennes, C. Lott, D. F. Haniey, M. Windirsch, and W. Dick. "Early detection of intracerebral haemorrhage using near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS)." European Journal of Emergency Medicine 5, no. 1 (March 1998): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063110-199803000-00052.

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Richter, B., H. J. Hennes, C. Lott, D. F. Haniey, M. Windirsch, and W. Dick. "Early detection of intracerebral haemorrhage using near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS)." European Journal of Emergency Medicine 5, no. 1 (March 1998): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063110-199803000-00053.

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Fakhri, S., A. R. Moss, D. I. Givens, and E. Owen. "Prediction of in vitro gas production parameters of concentrate feeds by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003100.

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Herrero et al. (1996) found that NIRS was able to calibrate and cross-validate the static values of gas produced from the incubation of Kikuyu grass using manual in vitro gas production. However, the fermentation kinetic coefficients were not calibrated satisfactorily by NIRS. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of NIRS as a means of predicting fermentation and the France et al. (1993) model parameters obtained from the automated in vitro gas production experiments for a range of concentrate feeds.Thirty-eight milled (1 mm) samples representing three typical concentrate feed types were scanned over the infra-red region covering 1100 to 2300 nm using an NIRS systems 6500 spectrometer. Optical data recorded as log 1/Reflectance were transformed to their standard normal variates and detrended values (SNV-D).

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Baker, C. W., and D. I. Givens. "The use of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (nirs) for the evaluation of forages. The application to undried silage." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1992 (March 1992): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600023291.

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NIRS is now a familiar tool in the assessment of forage and feedingstuff quality. Recently NIRS has been applied to the direct prediction of in vivo organic matter digestibility (OMD) of grass silages (Barber et al 1990) and cereal straws (Givens et al 1991).The Agricultural Development and Advisory Service (ADAS) has been using NIRS to predict the in vivo OMD of oven dried silages on a routine basis since 1989, and it has proved to be reliable, accurate and rapid. In addition to OMD, crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), are routinely predicted by NIRS, leaving pH, ammonia, dry matter and ash still to be determined by wet chemistry methods.

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Bracht, Hendrik. "EVALUATING TISSUE PERFUSION WITH NEAR INFRA-RED SPECTROSCOPY (NIRS) IN DIFFERENT MODELS OF IMPAIRED PERFUSION." Shock 26, Supplement 1 (October 2006): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200610001-00007.

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Khalifah, R. Craen, D. Bainbridge, S. Lownie, M. Quantz, and J. MacDonald. "The use of near-infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) in surgical clipping of giant cerebral aneurysm." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 25, Supplement 43 (January 2008): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200801001-00080.

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Passerotti, Michelle S., Thomas E. Helser, Irina M. Benson, Beverly K. Barnett, Joseph C. Ballenger, Walter J. Bubley, Marcel J. M. Reichert, and Joseph M. Quattro. "Age estimation of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) using FT-NIR spectroscopy: feasibility of application to production ageing for management." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 6 (August 8, 2020): 2144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa131.

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Abstract Recent application of Fourier transform near infra-red spectroscopy (FT-NIRS) to predict age in fish otoliths has gained attention among fisheries managers as a potential alternative to costly production ageing of managed species. We assessed the age prediction capability of FT-NIRS scans in whole otoliths from red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, collected from the US Gulf of Mexico and US Atlantic Ocean (South Atlantic). Otoliths were scanned with an FT-NIR spectrometer and resulting spectral signatures were regressed with traditionally estimated ages via partial least squares regression to produce calibration models, which were validated for predictive capability against test sets of otoliths. Calibration models successfully predicted age with R2 ranging 0.94–0.95, mean squared error ≤1.8 years, and bias <0.02 years. Percent agreement between FT-NIRS and traditional ages was lower than within-reader agreement for traditional estimates, but average percent error was similar and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were not significantly different (p ≥ 0.06) between traditional and FT-NIRS predicted ages for optimal calibration models. Ages >31 years were not well predicted, possibly due to light attenuation in the thickest otoliths. Our results suggest that FT-NIRS can improve efficiency in production ageing for fisheries management while maintaining data quality standards.

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Bain, Keryn F., Adriana Vergés, and Alistair G. B. Poore. "Using near infra red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to quantify tissue composition in the seagrass Posidonia australis." Aquatic Botany 111 (November 2013): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.05.012.

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Khandaker, ZH, and ABM Khaleduzzaman. "Nutritional evaluation of Jambo forage using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy and comparison with wet chemistry analysis." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 40, no. 1-2 (May 28, 2012): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10790.

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A study was undertaken for the nutritional evaluation of Jambo forage by using Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) and compare with the values obtained from wet chemistry analysis. Near infra-red reflectance spectrum of ground forage samples were obtained in duplicate (scanningnumber 32, resolution 8) with an FT-NIRS (Bruker, MPA, Germany) systems monochromator (700-2400 nm) using a Qurtz cup sampling device. For the development of local calibration equations, multivariate analysis was performed by a commercial analysis program Optical User Software (OPUS) and OpusLab to relate the spectral data and corresponding concentration values for each nutrient component of forage. The108 Jambo forage samples were collected from 108 cultivated experimental plots and groundthrough 2.0 mm screen for analysis the proximate components (Moisture, CP, CF, NFE and ash). The value for each component was placed into calibration group for NIRS equation development. The root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE) for the determination of CP, CF, NFE and total ash of Jambo forage was 0.33, 0.51, 1.14 and 0.39% respectively with correlation coefficient (r2) of 79.18, 82.04, 87.92 and 84.37 respectively. After cross validation, the root mean square error cross validation (RMSECV) for the CP, CF, NFE and total ash of Jambo forage were 0.37, 0.58, 1.41 and 0.48% respectively with correlation coefficient (r2) of 72.42, 73.85, 78.87 and 73.78 respectively. The mean predicted values of CP, CF, NFE and total ash by NIRS are close to the mean laboratory values determined by wet chemistry analysis. It can be concluded that NIRS could potentially be used to predict the nutritional quality of Jambo forage.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v40i1-2.10790Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2011. 40 (1-2): 46-50

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Narbonneau, François, D. Kinet, Bernard Paquet, A. Depré, J. de Jonckheere, R. Logier, J. Zinke, Jens Witt, and Katerina Krebber. "Smart Textile Embedding Optical Fibre Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring during MRI." Advances in Science and Technology 60 (September 2008): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.60.134.

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The potential impact of optical fibre sensors embedded into medical textiles for the continuous monitoring of the patient during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is presented. In that way, we report on several pure optical sensing technologies for pulse oximetry and respiratory movements monitoring. The technique for pulse oximetry measurement is known as NIRS (Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy) in a reflectance mode. In parallel, we tested two different optical sensor based fabric designs breathing activity detection – a macro bending sensor and a fibre Bragg grating sensor consisting in respiratory frequency measurement by intensity variation detection and optical spectral analysis.

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Offer, N. W., C. Thomas, and R. J. Dewhurst. "Validation of advisory models for the prediction of voluntary intake of grass silage by lambs and dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200590206.

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Inaccurate prediction of silage intake is a major source of error in ration calculation. New routine methods such as electrometric titration (ET) and near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) have the potential to improve silage intake prediction (Offer et al., 1994). Development of new advisory models is slow because of the need to do large numbers of intake measurements. It is also essential that models are blind-tested (validated) on data not used for calibration. At SAC, sufficient animal intake data is now available for both calibration and validation although it is intended to continue to accumulate data for these purposes.

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Offer, N. W., C. Thomas, and R. J. Dewhurst. "Validation of advisory models for the prediction of voluntary intake of grass silage by lambs and dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027914.

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Inaccurate prediction of silage intake is a major source of error in ration calculation. New routine methods such as electrometric titration (ET) and near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) have the potential to improve silage intake prediction (Offer et al., 1994). Development of new advisory models is slow because of the need to do large numbers of intake measurements. It is also essential that models are blind-tested (validated) on data not used for calibration. At SAC, sufficient animal intake data is now available for both calibration and validation although it is intended to continue to accumulate data for these purposes.

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Percival, D. S., N. W. Offer, and C. Thomas. "The use of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict voluntary intake of grass silage by lambs and dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200594071.

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The greatest error in formulating rations is due to the inaccuracy of prediction of silage dry matter intake (SDMI). Until recently, predictions have been based on die method of Lewis (1981) which predicts intake from traditional silage analysis :- dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and ammonia N. Recently, the incorporation of new feed characterisation data, obtained from electrometric titration (ET), has unproved predictions (Offer et al., 199S). A 4 year study has yielded data to evaluate alternative methods for the prediction of SDMI using traditional, ET and HPLC data and spectral information obtained by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) of fresh and dried samples.

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Percival, D. S., N. W. Offer, and C. Thomas. "The use of near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict voluntary intake of grass silage by lambs and dairy cows." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1996 (March 1996): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600031780.

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The greatest error in formulating rations is due to the inaccuracy of prediction of silage dry matter intake (SDMI). Until recently, predictions have been based on die method of Lewis (1981) which predicts intake from traditional silage analysis :- dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), digestible organic matter in the dry matter (DOMD) and ammonia N. Recently, the incorporation of new feed characterisation data, obtained from electrometric titration (ET), has unproved predictions (Offer et al., 199S). A 4 year study has yielded data to evaluate alternative methods for the prediction of SDMI using traditional, ET and HPLC data and spectral information obtained by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) of fresh and dried samples.

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Thomas, E., J. R. Scaife, I. Murray, A. Rutter, E. Cowie, and G. Colquhoun. "Use of near infrared spectroscopy for beef meat quality assessment: can NIRS measure tissue vitamin E?" Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200002131.

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Assessment of the quality characteristics of meat is time consuming and, due to the heterogeneity of muscle tissue, is subject to considerable variability. A cheap, fast, accurate and non-destructive method of assessment of meat with the potential to predict subsequent quality, would be useful to the meat industry. Near infra red spectroscopy (NIRS) offers this potential for rapid quality assessment and has been shown to be a valuble tool in the evaluation of a variety of meats (Cozzolino et al 1996)Twenty beef bulls were selected from a commercial herd. Ten bulls (group US) were fed a standard barley-based ration consisting of (g kg–1 DM) barley, 900; GFS Beef 34 protein pellets, 100. Ten bulls (group S) were fed an identical ration supplemented with α-tocopherol acetate (ATA). The average daily intake of these diets was 10 kg DM head-1 d-1 over 100 days prior to slaughter.

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Machado, A., J. M. Lina, J. Tremblay, M. Lassonde, D. K. Nguyen, F. Lesage, and C. Grova. "Detection of hemodynamic responses to epileptic activity using simultaneous Electro-EncephaloGraphy (EEG)/Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) acquisitions." NeuroImage 56, no. 1 (May 2011): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.026.

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Cayuela, José A., and Juan F. García. "Sorting olive oil based on alpha-tocopherol and total tocopherol content using near-infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis." Journal of Food Engineering 202 (June 2017): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.01.015.

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Juwita, Intan Ratna, Agus Arip Munawar, and Darusman Darusman. "Uji Karakteristik Biochar dengan Pendekatan Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 6, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v6i3.17201.

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Abstrak. Proximate analysis dan elemental analysis merupakan dua dari beberapa metode yang umum digunakan untuk uji jaringan tanaman. Namun, metode tersebut butuh waktu, tenaga, bahan kimia, biaya mahal serta tidak real time. Sehingga para pakar mencari alternatif lain, yaitu menggunakan Spektroskop sinar infra merah dekat (Near Infrared Spectroscopy, NIRS) untuk memprediksi kandungan unsur yang terkandung dalam tanah maupun jaringan tanaman. NIRS bekerja dengan panjang gelombang 780 nm - 2500 nm atau jumlah gelombang per 12.800 cm−1 hingga 4.000 cm−1. Komposisi unsur yang terkandung pada sampel dihasilkan dari pantulan sinar infrared setelah sampel diberikan radiasi sinar infrared. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode pembanding yaitu dengan membandingkan hasil uji analisis proximate. Regresi liner (Principal Component Regression, dan Partial Least Square Regression) digunakan sebagai pembanding data aktual dengan estimasi yang dihasilkan dari spektrum NIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) belum dapat menggantikan metode proximate analysis pada sampel biochar. Estimasi dengan Partial Least Square Regression menghasilkan nilai lebih dekat dengan nilai data aktual, bila dibandingkan dengan metode Principal Component Regression. Hal ini dikarenakan sampel uji yang digunakan masih kurang cukup dan terbukti dari hasil prediksi NIR yang tergolong sufficient performance. Disarankan pengujian lanjut dengan mengunakan sampel yang lebih banyak dan bervariasi.Biochar Characteristic Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) ApproachAbstract. Proximate analysis and elemental analysis are two of several methods of analysis of mineral soil and plant tissue. However, these methods require time, energy, chemicals, high cost and not real time. Currently experts have been looking for other alternatives, namely using near infrared light (NIRS) to predict the content of elements contained in soil and plant tissue. NIRS works with a wavelength of 780 nm - 2500 nm or the number of waves per 12.800 cm− 1 to 4.000 cm− 1. The elemental composition contained in the sample is generated from the reflection of infrared light after the sample is given infrared radiation. The research method uses the comparative method, namely using proximate analysis. Linear regression (principal component regression, and partial least square regression) is used to compare the actual data with the estimates generated from the NIR spectrum. This research shows that Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) cannot replace the proximate analysis method for biochar samples. Estimation with partial least square regression produces a value closer to the actual data value, when compared to the principal component regression method. This is because the test samples used are still insufficient and proven from the results of NIR predictions which are classified as sufficient performance. It is recommended that further testing using a larger and more varied sample.

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Kuroda, Yasufumi, Naoko Okamoto, and Takanori Maesako. "Possibility of Research in Educational Neuroscience by Measurement of Brain Activity Using Near Infra-red Spectroscopy." Nippon Laser Igakkaishi 36, no. 2 (2015): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2530/jslsm.jslsm-36_0026.

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Kragh, M., B. Quistorff, and P. E. G. Kristjansen. "Quantitative estimates of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic activity by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS)." European Journal of Cancer 37, no. 7 (May 2001): 924–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00059-4.

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Seager, Emilie, Catherine Longley, Narendra Aladangady, and Jayanta Banerjee. "Measurement of gut oxygenation in the neonatal population using near-infrared spectroscopy: a clinical tool?" Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition 105, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-316750.

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ContextNear-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive bedside monitor of tissue oxygenation that may be a useful clinical tool in monitoring of gut oxygenation in newborn infants.ObjectiveTo systematically review literature to determine whether NIRS is a reliable tool to monitor gut oxygenation on neonatal units.Data sourcesPubMed and Embase databases were searched using the terms ‘neonate’, ‘preterm infants’, ‘NIRS’ and ‘gut oxygenation’ (2001–2018).Study selectionStudies were included if they met inclusion criteria (clinical trial, observational studies, neonatal population, articles in English and reviewing regional gut oxygen saturations) and exclusion criteria (not evaluating abdominal NIRS or regional oxygen saturations).Data extractionTwo authors independently searched PubMed and Embase using the predefined terms, appraised study quality and extracted from 30 studies the study design and outcome data.LimitationsPotential for publication bias, majority of studies were prospective cohort studies and small sample sizes.ResultsThirty studies were reviewed assessing the validity of abdominal NIRS and potential application in neonates. Studies reviewed assessed abdominal NIRS in different settings including normal neonates, bolus and continuous feeding, during feed intolerance, necrotising enterocolitis and transfusion with packed red cells. Several observational studies demonstrated how NIRS could be used in clinical practice.ConclusionsNIRS may prove to be a useful bedside tool on the neonatal unit, working alongside current clinical tools in the monitoring of newborn infants (preterm and term) and inform clinical management. We recommend further studies including randomised controlled trials looking at specific measurements and cut-offs for abdominal NIRS for use in further clinical practice.

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DiLuzio, C., S. Morzilli, and E. Cardinale. "Rapid Near Infra-red Reflectance Analysis (NIRA) of Mainstream Smoke Collected on Cambridge Filter Pads." Beiträge zur Tabakforschung International/Contributions to Tobacco Research 16, no. 4 (November 1, 1995): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0645.

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AbstractNear infra-red (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy has been used for rapidly and reproducibly measuring the NIR spectra of mainstream smoke collected on Cambridge filter pads and quantifying the chemical composition from the spectral data. This technique has four main advantages: speed, simplicity of sample preparation, multiple analytes from one scan of a sample, and non-destruction of the sample. The study has been conducted in our research laboratory to define the possible use of NIRA (Near Infra-red Reflectance Analysis) as an instrumental screening tool for analysing mainstream smoke collected on Cambridge Filter pads. A major advantage of this method is that it eliminates the use of dangerous chemicals such as cyanogen bromide or chloride involved with some standard assays. Using specific wavelengths, we are able to determine with acceptable accuracy water, nicotine and tar. Correlation coefficients of NIRA results compared with those obtained by standard methods are better than 0.9 for all analyses. NIRA cannot replace ISO standard methods, flow analysis or chromatography, but as a reliable screening analysis, it could reduce the routine work load by 80 %. These savings could be achieved by prescreening samples with NIRA and analysing only suspect samples by distillation or continuous flow analysis.

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Vaughan, DL, GI Russell, MS Thorniley, YABD Wickramasinghe, RF Houston, and P. Rolfe. "Simultaneous Monitoring of IN-VIVO Changes in Tissue Oxygenation and Haemodynamics in Both Rat Kidneys, Using Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS)." Clinical Science 82, s26 (March 1, 1992): 14P. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs082014pb.

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Sugai, M., and M. Adachi. "O42: The functional connectivity in motor execution and imagery in NIRS (Near Infra-red Spectroscopy) data based on joint recurrence plot." Clinical Neurophysiology 125 (June 2014): S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50147-2.

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Matsuo, Y., N. Kamata, and K. Abe. "P2.081 Central mechanism of visual feedback for motor dysfumction in Parkinson's disease—near infra-red spectroscopic (NIRS) topographic study." Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 14 (February 2008): S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8020(08)70311-0.

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Walsh, Kerry B., John A. Guthrie, and Justin W. Burney. "Application of commercially available, low-cost, miniaturised NIR spectrometers to the assessment of the sugar content of intact fruit." Functional Plant Biology 27, no. 12 (2000): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp99111.

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Recent decreases in costs, and improvements in performance, of silicon array detectors open a range of potential applications of relevance to plant physiologists, associated with spectral analysis in the visible and short-wave near infra-red (far-red) spectrum. The performance characteristics of three commercially available ‘miniature’ spectrometers based on silicon array detectors operating in the 650–1050-nm spectral region (MMS1 from Zeiss, S2000 from Ocean Optics, and FICS from Oriel, operated with a Larry detector) were compared with respect to the application of non-invasive prediction of sugar content of fruit using near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS). The FICS–Larry gave the best wavelength resolution; however, the narrow slit and small pixel size of the charge-coupled device detector resulted in a very low sensitivity, and this instrumentation was not considered further. Wavelength resolution was poor with the MMS1 relative to the S2000 (e.g. full width at half maximum of the 912 nm Hg peak, 13 and 2 nm for the MMS1 and S2000, respectively), but the large pixel height of the array used in the MMS1 gave it sensitivity comparable to the S2000. The signal-to-signal standard error ratio of spectra was greater by an order of magnitude with the MMS1, relative to the S2000, at both near saturation and low light levels. Calibrations were developed using reflectance spectra of filter paper soaked in range of concentrations (0–20% w/v) of sucrose, using a modified partial least squares procedure. Calibrations developed with the MMS1 were superior to those developed using the S2000 (e.g. coefficient of correlation of 0.90 and 0.62, and standard error of cross-validation of 1.9 and 5.4%, respectively), indicating the importance of high signal to noise ratio over wavelength resolution to calibration accuracy. The design of a bench top assembly using the MMS1 for the non-invasive assessment of mesocarp sugar content of (intact) melon fruit is reported in terms of light source and angle between detector and light source, and optimisation of math treatment (derivative condition and smoothing function).

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Serraino, Giuseppe Filiberto, and Gavin J. Murphy. "Effects of cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy on the outcome of patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review of randomised trials." BMJ Open 7, no. 9 (September 2017): e016613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016613.

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ObjectivesGoal-directed optimisation of cerebral oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during cardiopulmonary bypass is widely used. We tested the hypotheses that the use of NIRS cerebral oximetry results in reductions in cerebral injury (neurocognitive function, serum biomarkers), injury to other organs including the heart and brain, transfusion rates, mortality and resource use.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingTertiary cardiac surgery centres in North America, Europe and Asia.ParticipantsA search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, Medline, Embase, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus from inception to November 2016 identified 10 randomised trials, enrolling a total of 1466 patients, all in adult cardiac surgery.InterventionsNIRS-based algorithms designed to optimise cerebral oxygenation versus standard care (non-NIRS-based) protocols in cardiac surgery patients during cardiopulmonary bypass.Outcome measuresMortality, organ injury affecting the brain, heart and kidneys, red cell transfusion and resource use.ResultsTwo of the 10 trials identified in the literature search were considered at low risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated similar mortality (risk ratio (RR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.96), major morbidity including stroke (RR 1. 08, 95% CI 0.40 to 2.91), red cell transfusion and resource use in NIRS-treated patients and controls, with little or no heterogeneity. Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation of the quality of the evidence was low or very low for all of the outcomes assessed.ConclusionsThe results of this systematic review did not support the hypotheses that cerebral NIRS-based algorithms have clinical benefits in cardiac surgery.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42015027696.

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Vora, Farha, Judy Gates, Kimberley Gerard, Shawn Hanson, Richard Applegate, and Arlin Blood. "Use of Esophageal Hemoximetry to Assess the Effect of Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Gastrointestinal Oxygenation in Newborn Infants." American Journal of Perinatology 34, no. 08 (January 18, 2017): 735–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1597993.

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Abstract Objectives There are no widely accepted methods of continuously monitoring gut oxygenation in the newborn during packed red blood cell transfusion. We investigated the use of an orally inserted light spectroscopy probe to measure lower esophageal oxyhemoglobin saturations (eStO2) before, during, and after transfusion and made comparisons with abdominal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) flow. Study Design Thirteen neonates with corrected gestational ages ranging from 22 weeks, 0 day to 37 weeks, 5 days were enrolled. eStO2 and NIRS measurements were recorded continuously for a 25-hour period starting 1 hour prior to starting the 4-hour transfusion. Transabdominal ultrasound was used to measure SMA flow prior to, upon completion, and 20 hours after the transfusion. Results Twelve infants completed the study. eStO2 was well-tolerated and was weakly (r = 0.06) correlated (p < 0.001) with NIRS. Compared with NIRS, eStO2 demonstrated a markedly greater variation in oxyhemoglobin values. NIRS and SMA flow measurements did not change, while eStO2 increased from 48 ± 5% and 45 ± 5% in the pre- and intratransfusion periods to 57 ± 4% in the posttransfusion period (p = 0.03). Conclusion Measurement of eStO2 is feasible in neonates and may provide a continuous and sensitive index of rapid changes in mesenteric oxygenation in this patient population.

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Sharafutdinova, D. R., E. N. Balashova, O. V. Ionov, A. R. Kirtbaya, J. M. Golubtsova, A. Yu Ryndin, V. V. Zubkov, and D. N. Degtyarev. "Application of near-infrared spectroscopy in extremely and very low birth weight infants for red blood cells transfusion." Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology 19, no. 3 (October 9, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-3-18-25.

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Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), or cerebral oximetry, is a non-invasive method for assessing the oxidative status (saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen) mainly in the blood of cerebral venous vessels, which is increasingly used in clinical practice, in particular in neonatology. This method allows us to evaluate not only tissue perfusion, but also to determine the differences between the indicators of cerebral and peripheral oxygenation. Few studies have described improvements in tissue oxygenation indicators determined by NIRS after red blood cells transfusion in premature newborns. In our study we registered the oximetry indicators before and after red blood cells transfusion in extremely and very low birth weight infants (n = 55). This clinical study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (Protocol No. 19 dated 17 November 2016) and the Scientific Council of the Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Protocol No. 19 dated 29 November 2016). Our study demonstrated a statistically significant increase in CrSO2 , SrSO2 , RrSO2 and SCOR and a decrease in C-FTOE, S-FTOE after a blood transfusion. The study also showed that a decrease in NIRS values (SCOR ≤ 0.76, C-FTOE ≥ 0.29, CrSO2 ≤ 64%, SrSO2 ≤ 54%, and RrSO2 ≤ 56%) can serve as an additional non-invasive measure of anemia and its progression; it helps detect a decrease in cerebral oxygenation at an early, preclinical stage of disease, and can also be used as an additional indicator of the need for red blood cell transfusions.

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Guo, Ying, Yikai Wang, Terri Marin, Kirk Easley, Ravi M. Patel, and Cassandra D. Josephson. "Statistical methods for characterizing transfusion-related changes in regional oxygenation using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in preterm infants." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 9 (July 12, 2018): 2710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218786302.

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Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an imaging-based diagnostic tool that provides non-invasive and continuous evaluation of regional tissue oxygenation in real-time. In recent years, NIRS has shown promise as a useful monitoring technology to help detect relative tissue ischemia that could lead to significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. However, some issues inherent in NIRS technology use on neonates, such as wide fluctuation in signals, signal dropout and low limit of detection of the device, pose challenges that may obscure reliable interpretation of the NIRS measurements using current methods of analysis. In this paper, we propose new nonparametric statistical methods to analyze mesenteric rSO2(regional oxygenation) produced by NIRS to evaluate oxygenation in intestinal tissues and investigate oxygenation response to red blood cell transfusion (RBC) in preterm infants. Specifically, we present a mean area under the curve (MAUC) measure and a slope measure to capture the mean rSO2level and temporal trajectory of rSO2, respectively. We develop estimation methods for the measures based on multiple imputation and spline smoothing and further propose novel nonparametric testing procedures to detect RBC-related changes in mesenteric oxygenation in preterm infants. Through simulation studies, we show that the proposed methods demonstrate improved accuracy in characterizing the mean level and changing pattern of mesenteric rSO2and also increased statistical power in detecting RBC-related changes, as compared with standard approaches. We apply our methods to a NIRS study in preterm infants receiving RBC transfusion from Emory University to evaluate the pre- and post-transfusion mesenteric oxygenation in preterm infants.

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Johnson, Joel B., and Mani Naiker. "Seeing red: A review of the use of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in entomology." Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 55, no. 9-10 (November 6, 2019): 810–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05704928.2019.1685532.

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Tang, Ya Wen, and Yue Der Lin. "Brain Activity Monitoring System Based on EEG-NIRS Measurement System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 870 (September 2017): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.870.351.

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Recently, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is widely applied on brain activation energy monitoring and adopted in clinical experiments. The advantages of NIRS are its non-invasive measurement and lower electrical disturbances. To verify the covariance and correlation of electroencephalography (EEG) and NIRS, an EEG-NIRS measurement system is implemented for data collection. The EEG and NIRS signals are recorded by common EEG electrodes and specific wavelength optical sensors. The EEG and NIRS sensors are placed with staggered placement to keep the same space resolution. EEG signal is processed with an instrument amplify, a band-pass filter circuit and variable gain amplifier, sequentially. The red light and near infrared light generated by LEDs are projected onto the tissues. Base on the blood oxygen-level dependence, the reflected photons can transfer the information of brain oxygen concentration. The NIRS signal acquired by two optical sensors is converted to voltage and filtered by a band-pass filter. In this measurement system, time-division multiplexing technique is applied on NIRS data collection to get the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin. So, light sources and optical detectors are controlled by a signal processor. The post process data is digitalized and transferred to personal computer for brain activity estimation. The brain activity is extracted from the EEG and NIRS signal, individually. In this experiment, the EEG and NIRS signals are checked and analyzed. Although two kinds of brain activation indexes are resulted by different signal transfer path, the consistence response approves that the NIRS can be considered to monitor the brain activity. The easily setup of NIRS measurement can bring us more freedom of brain information extraction.

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Li, Ting, Yue Zhao, Yunlong Sun, Kai Li, Wenjie Li, Meixue Duan, and Chenyang Gao. "A Novel Approach to Assess Capacities of Red Cells in Dissolving Oxygen and Carrying Oxygen Based on a Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Device." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 4792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124003.

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Oxygen dissolving and dissovling capabilities ( briefly, ODC and OCC) are very valuable to assess the functions in oxygen transport and metabolism of red cells, especially for research on, diagnosis, and evaluating therapeutic effects of sick cell disease, thalassemia, and even bone marroe failure. However, the approach to quantify ODC and OCC of red cells is sparse. Mostly, researchers and clicians used oxygen saturation by blood oxymeter to reflect OCC, not right though. ODC and OCC are more resonable to be assessed in extreme situations, e.g., fully deoxy- and oxy- genation. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) [1] has been intensively developed for noninvasive meauring oxygenation changes these years, which utilized the oxy- and dexoy- hemoglobin senstive wavelengths to quantify concentration changes of Hb and HbO2 [2] ( fig.1 ). NIRS is of strong potential in noinavsive assessing blood oxygenation in deep muscle, breast, brain, and tumor [3]. Here we attempt to assess ODC and OCC of red cells to by use of NIRS with aid of a protocol with repeated fully oxy- to deoxy- genation process. Blood samples were got from 8 healthy males and 5 healthy females ( 21.7±2.1 years old ) who were recruited from the university community by physical check-up. No subject had taken any drugs before 3 ml blood sampling. The experiment setup consisted of a tissue like liquid phantom, a NIRS probe [2], a function module and a computer, as shown in Fig.2. The phantom was prepared to simulate blood content and oxygen variation in living human tissue with similar optical property with human tissue, containg 450 ml PBS, 10 ml 10% intralipid solution serving as a scatterer, placed on the plate of a magnetic stirring device to control the solution at 37±1℃. Priorly, 5 g yeast, proved to be more than enough to dioxide the hemoglobin, was spread into the mixture solution. After 20 s of baseline measurement, 0.5 ml human blood was added into the solution to simulate blood content variation. Then, 99.99% oxygen gas, through a container-sized nozzle with dense holes transiting uniform high-pressure 25 MPa oxide, was lead into the solution to fully oxygenate the red cells. Then, the oxygen gas supply was stopped to allow oxygen to be consumed fully by the yeast. The same process, was repeated 6 times. Then, no blood added and repeat above cycle from 100% oxygenation to 100 deoxygenation 35 times. The data of 2 male and 1 female was exluded for solution spilling. The delta optical density ( ∆O.D ) of oxy- and deoxy- sensitive wavelengths were got by NIRS, as shown in Fig. 3 for example, Then we extract the ∆O.Ds at 100% oxygen carrying and 100% oxygen dissolving stages for the final no red cells added 35 process cycles. Among all subjects, the ∆O.Ds curves respond to the repeated 35 cycles of fully oxy- to deoxy- genation at both oxy- and deoxy- sensitive nms formed a first stable then fast drop and then very slow recovery shape. The extracted normalized OCC curves formed higher in in fast drop phase than OCC extracted from above curves. For all subjects, ∆OCC in that phase ranged in 0.62 ± 0.17 while ∆ODC ranged in 0.30 ± 0.10. And there is a positive correlation between ∆OCC and ∆ODC with r = 0.821 and p<0.01. Over all, by use of NIRS with aid of a protocol with enough times ( ≥35 ) repeated fully oxy- to deoxy- genation process, we achieved in assessing both capabilities of red cells in carring and dissolving oxygen ( OCC and ODC ). This novel approach is good to be used to study oxygen function of red cells quantitatively, as well as diagnozing and tracking therapeutic effects of blood diseases. The theory to get why the OCC dropt more than ODC in our protocal is worth of further study, which probabaly allow us to find a path to improve OCC for curing low OCC patients with blood deaseses, such as sick cell disease and thalassemia. And it is worth saying that this study paved a way for NIRS to assess OCC and ODC on patients in noninvase way in near future. [1] F. F. Jöbsis, "Noninvasive, infrared monitoring of cerebral and myocardial oxygen sufficiency and circulatory parameters," Science, vol. 198, pp. 1264-1267, 1977 [2] Y. Zhao, L. Qiu, Y. Sun, C. Huang, T. Li, Optimal hemoglobin extinction coefficient dataset for near-infrared spectroscopy, Biomed. Opt. Express, vol.8, no.11, pp. 5151-5159, 2017 [3] T. Li, C. Xue, P. Wang, Y. Li, L. Wu, Photon penetration depth in human brain for light monitoring and treatment: A Realistic Monte Carlo Simulation Study, J. Innovative Opt. Health Sci., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1743002, 2017 Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Kusumiyati, Kusumiyati, Ine Elisa Putri, Wawan Sutari, and Jajang Sauman Hamdani. "Kandungan karotenoid, antioksidan, dan kadar air dua varietas cabai rawit pada tingkat kematangan berbeda dan deteksi non-destruktif." Jurnal Agro 8, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/14650.

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Cabe rawit umumnya berwarna hijau, jingga dan merah. Tiap tingkat kematangan memiliki kualitas yang berbeda. Teknologi non-destruktif visible/near infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIRS) telah banyak digunakan untuk memprediksi kualitas secara cepat dan akurat serta tidak merusak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan kadar air, total karotenoid dan antioksidan dua varietas buah cabai rawit dengan tingkat kematangan berbeda dan memprediksi kualitas secara non-destruktif menggunakan Vis/NIRS. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu varietas ‘Manik’ dan ‘Domba’, yang dipanen pada 20 hari setelah bunga mekar (HSBM), 40 HSBM dan 60 HSBM, serta diulang 5 kali. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varians (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa varietas ‘Manik’ and ‘Domba’ yang dipanen pada 20 HSBM memiliki kandungan kadar air dan antioksidan tertinggi sedangkan total karotenoid meningkat pada buah matang. Model kalibrasi dan uji validasi silang kadar air, total karotenoid, dan antioksidan mendapatkan nilai Rkal ≥ 0,87 dan Rval ≥ 0,84. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka kandungan air dan antioksidan terbesar yaitu buah cabai rawit hijau sedangkan total karotenoid tertinggi pada buah cabai rawit merah. Vis/NIRS dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi kandungan air, total karotenoid dan antioksidan pada buah cabai rawit. Generally, cayenne pepper is coloring in green, orange, and red. Each maturity level has a different quality. A non-destructive technology, visible/near infrared spectroscopy (Vis/NIRS), has been widely used to predict the quality quickly and accurately without causing damage. The study aimed to determine water content, total carotenoids, and antioxidant of two varieties cayenne pepper with different maturity levels and to predict quality non-destructively using Vis/NIRS. The research was conducted at the Horticulture Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran. The research was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments, namely ‘Manik’ and ‘Domba’ varieties harvested at 20 days after flowering (DAF), 40 DAF and 60 DAF, and 5 replications with analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that ‘Manik’ and ‘Domba’ harvested at 20 DAF had the highest water content and antioxidant while the total carotenoids increased in ripe fruit. The calibration model and cross-validation of water content, total carotenoids, and antioxidants obtained values of Rcal 0.87 and Rval 0.84. Based on these results, the highest water and antioxidant content was green cayenne pepper, while the highest total carotenoids were in red cayenne pepper. Vis/NIRS can be used to detect water content, total carotenoids, and antioxidants in cayenne pepper.

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Rhee, Christopher J., Kathleen K. Kibler, R. Blaine Easley, Dean B. Andropoulos, Marek Czosnyka, Peter Smielewski, and Ken M. Brady. "Renovascular reactivity measured by near-infrared spectroscopy." Journal of Applied Physiology 113, no. 2 (July 15, 2012): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2012.

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Hypotension and shock are risk factors for death, renal insufficiency, and stroke in preterm neonates. Goal-directed neonatal hemodynamic management lacks end-organ monitoring strategies to assess the adequacy of perfusion. Our aim is to develop a clinically viable, continuous metric of renovascular reactivity to gauge renal perfusion during shock. We present the renovascular reactivity index (RVx), which quantifies passivity of renal blood volume to spontaneous changes in arterial blood pressure. We tested the ability of the RVx to detect reductions in renal blood flow. Hemorrhagic shock was induced in 10 piglets. The RVx was monitored as a correlation between slow waves of arterial blood pressure and relative total hemoglobin (rTHb) obtained with reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) over the kidney. The RVx was compared with laser-Doppler measurements of red blood cell flux, and renal laser-Doppler measurements were compared with cerebral laser-Doppler measurements. Renal blood flow decreased to 75%, 50%, and 25% of baseline at perfusion pressures of 60, 45, and 40 mmHg, respectively, whereas in the brain these decrements occurred at pressures of 30, 25, and 15 mmHg, respectively. The RVx compared favorably to the renal laser-Doppler data. Areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves using renal blood flow thresholds of 50% and 25% of baseline were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.87) and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.88–0.92). Renovascular autoregulation can be monitored and is impaired in advance of cerebrovascular autoregulation during hemorrhagic shock.

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Ospina R., Oscar, Héctor Anzola Vásquez, Olber Ayala Duarte, and Andrea Baracaldo Martínez. "Validación de un algoritmo de procesamiento de imágenes Red Green Blue (RGB), para la estimación de proteína cruda en gramíneas vs la tecnología de espectroscopía de infrarrojo cercano (NIRS)." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 31, no. 2 (June 20, 2020): e17940. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v31i2.17940.

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El presente trabajo estuvo orientado a evaluar la precisión del algoritmo de análisis de imágenes Red, Green, Blue (RGB), incluido en el software TaurusWebs ®, que permite calcular el porcentaje de proteína cruda de la materia seca (%PC) de las gramíneas a partir de imágenes de las praderas tomadas por un dron acoplado con cámaras RGB. Se compararon las mediciones del %PC calculadas por el algoritmo frente a un referente, Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS), del laboratorio de Corpoica (Agrosavia), calibrado para gramíneas. Se tomaron 42 muestras para NIRS, 18 de gramíneas de trópico alto en Cundinamarca: kikuyo, Pennisetum clandestinum; falsa poa, Holcus lanatus; pasto brasilero, Phalaris arundinacea y 24 de trópico bajo en Tolima, Colombia: pangola, Digitaria decumbens; pará, Brachiaria mutica; bermuda, Cynodon dactylon y colosuana, Bothriochloa pertusa. Los resultados del NIRS se compararon contra las evaluaciones hechas con el algoritmo de las imágenes de las gramíneas provenientes del mismo potrero donde se tomaron las muestras. Los resultados fueron comparados usando las pruebas no paramétricas de correlación de Kendall, rho=0.83 y de Kruskal Wallis. No se encontraron diferencias entre el resultado del %PC de las gramíneas medida por NIRS vs el %PC medida por el algoritmo de análisis de imágenes RGB. En conclusión, la información generada con el algoritmo se puede utilizar para trabajos de análisis del %PC en gramíneas.

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Santos, João P. V., Joaquín Vicente, Miriam Villamuelas, Elena Albanell, Emmanuel Serrano, João Carvalho, Carlos Fonseca, Christian Gortázar, and Jorge Ramón López-Olvera. "Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for predicting glucocorticoid metabolites in lyophilised and oven-dried faeces of red deer." Ecological Indicators 45 (October 2014): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.05.021.

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Gislum, R., E. Micklander, and J. P. Nielsen. "Quantification of nitrogen concentration in perennial ryegrass and red fescue using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and chemometrics." Field Crops Research 88, no. 2-3 (August 2004): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.01.021.

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Ortiz, Alberto, Lucía León, Rebeca Contador, and David Tejerina. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a Tool for Classification of Pre-Sliced Iberian Salchichón, Modified Atmosphere Packaged (MAP) According to the Official Commercial Categories of Raw Meat." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): 1865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081865.

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This study evaluates near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) feasibility in combination with various pre-treatments and chemometric approaches for pre-sliced Iberian salchichón under modified atmosphere (MAP) classification according to the official commercial category (defined by the combination of genotype and feeding regime) of the raw material used for its manufacturing (Black and Red purebred Iberian and Iberian × Duroc crossed (50%) pigs, respectively, reared outdoors in a Montanera system and White Iberian × Duroc crossed (50%) pigs with feed based on commercial fodder) without opening the package. In parallel, NIRS feasibility in combination with partial least squares regression (PLSR) to predict main quality traits was assessed. The best-fitting models developed by means of partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) yielded high discriminant ability and thus offered a tool to support the assignment of pre-sliced MAP Iberian salchichón according to the commercial category of the raw material. In addition, good predictive ability for C18:3 n-3 was obtained, which may help to support quality control.

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Sheng, Qingyu, Mariana Santos-Rivera, Xiaoguang Ouyang, Andrew J. Kouba, and Carrie K. Vance. "Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Mode Cloning (NIR-MC) for In-Situ Analysis of Crude Protein in Bamboo." Remote Sensing 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 1302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14061302.

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This study develops Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and Mode-Cloning (MC) for the rapid assessment of the nutritional quality of bamboo leaves, the primary diet of giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (Ailurus fulgens). To test the NIR-MC approach, we evaluated three species of bamboo (Phyllostachys bissetii, Phyllostachys rubromarginata, Phyllostachys aureosulcata). Mode-Cloning incorporated a Slope and Bias Correction (SBC) transform to crude protein prediction models built with NIR spectra taken from Fine–Ground leaves (master mode). The modified models were then applied to spectra from leaves in the satellite minimal processing modes (Course–Ground, Dry–Whole, and Fresh–Whole). The NIR-MC using the SBC yielded a residual prediction deviation (RPD) = 2.73 and 1.84 for Course–Ground and Dry–Whole sample modes, respectively, indicating a good quantitative prediction of crude protein for minimally processed samples that could be easily acquired under field conditions using a portable drier and grinder. The NIR-MC approach also improved the model of crude protein for spectra collected from Fresh–Whole bamboo leaves in the field. Thus, NIR-MC has the potential to provide a real-time prediction of the macronutrient distribution in bamboo in situ, which affects the foraging behavior and dispersion of giant and red pandas in their natural habitats.

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Tellado, S., and C. Azorit. "An integrative assay to quantify the nutritional quality of the selected diet of two Mediterranean free-living deer by faecal-FT-NIRS." Animal Production Science 55, no. 1 (2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13064.

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Integrating the interaction between cell wall components through a lignin and neutral detergent fibre ratio as a cell wall digestibility (CWD) index may provide a suitable method for diet quality and fibre digestibility estimation. Predictive faecal-Fourier-transform (FT)-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) equations useful for CWD determination were developed as an integrative assessment of the digestibility and quality of the diet selected by red (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and fallow (Dama dama) deer in southern Spain. A chemometric regression was used from spectra of faeces and wet chemical rumen contents analysis as reference data coupled with partial least-squares. The accuracy and feasibility of the equations obtained for red and fallow deer samples separately were evaluated, as well as after pooling all samples for both species. The predictive equations had a high linearity with correlation coefficients (r) ranging between 0.89 and 0.99, as well as a reliable accuracy considering the errors of prediction (RMSEP 0.57–0.87), calibration (RMS 0.04–0.45) and cross-calibration (RMSECV 0.80–1.12) in relation to the range of values for which the NIRS calibration was set for each parameter, giving very good RER (residual error value) indices (7.44–13.23). The ability of the calibration equations to predict new samples from the same deer populations was also assessed through an external validation. Equations obtained for the red deer data were successfully applied not only to red deer but also to fallow deer, and vice versa. Feasible CWD simultaneous determination in red and fallow deer was also obtained by using the broad-based equations. There was variation of the CWD index throughout the year and differences between the two deer species. A lower CWD of the forage was recorded in red deer, while a lower CWD ratio was detected at the end of winter coinciding with the highest browsing levels in both species. This technique has potential to enable closer examination of the non-grass variables and distinguish between browse and herbage feeding behaviour. The faecal-NIRS method of CWD ratio determination is a useful, non-invasive tool for monitoring variations in the diet quality of Mediterranean deer in their natural environment.

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Ortiz, Alberto, Lucía León, Rebeca Contador, and David Tejerina. "Potencial Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to Categorise Chorizo Sausages from Iberian Pigs According to Several Quality Standards." Applied Sciences 11, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 11379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311379.

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The ability of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to classify pre-sliced Iberian chorizo modified atmosphere packaged (MAP) according to the animal material used in their production (Black, Red, White) in their production in accordance with the official trade categories (which includes the handling system and the different inter-racial crossbreeds) without opening the package was assayed. Furthermore, various spectra pre-treatments and supervised classification chemometric tools; Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), were assessed. The highest sensitivity values in both calibration and external validation were achieved with SIMCA followed by PLS-DA approaches, while LDA had more provided values among sensitivity and specificity and between the different commercial categories in both sample sets, thus yielding the highest discriminant ability. These results could be a resource to support the traceability and authentication control of individual pre-sliced MAP Iberian chorizo according to the commercial category of the raw material in a non-destructive way.

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Balegar V., Kiran Kumar, Madhuka Jayawardhana, Andrew J. Martin, Philip de Chazal, and Ralph Kay Heinrich Nanan. "Hierarchical improvement of regional tissue oxygenation after packed red blood cell transfusion." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): e0271563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271563.

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Background It is well established that counter-regulation to hypoxia follows a hierarchical pattern, with brain-sparing in preference to peripheral tissues. In contrast, it is unknown if the same hierarchical sequence applies to recovery from hypoxia after correction of anemia with packed red blood cell transfusion (PRBCT). Objective To understand the chronology of cerebral and splanchnic tissue oxygenation resulting after correction of anemia by PRBCT in preterm infants using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Neonatal intensive care. Patients included Haemodynamically stable infants: <32 weeks gestation, <37weeks postmenstrual age, <1500 grams birth weight; and ≥120 mL/kg/day feeds tolerated. Intervention PRBCT at 15 mL/Kg over 4 hours. Main outcome measures Transfusion-associated changes were determined by comparing the 4-hour mean pre-transfusion cerebral and splanchnic fractional tissue oxygen extraction (FTOEc0; FTOEs0) with hourly means during (FTOEc1-4; FTOEs1-4) and for 24 hours after PRBCT completion (FTOEc5-28; FTOEs5-28). Results Of 30 enrolled infants, 14[46.7%] male; median[IQR] birth weight, 923[655–1064]g; gestation, 26.4[25.5–28.1]weeks; enrolment weight, 1549[1113–1882]g; and postmenstrual age, 33.6[32.4–35]weeks, 1 infant was excluded because of corrupted NIRS data. FTOEc significantly decreased during and for 24 hours after PRBCT (p < 0.001), indicating prompt improvement in cerebral oxygenation. In contrast, FTOEs showed no significant changes during and after PRBCT (p>0.05), indicating failure of improvement in splanchnic oxygenation. Conclusion Improvement in regional oxygenation after PRBCT follows the same hierarchical pattern with a prompt improvement of cerebral but not splanchnic tissue oxygenation. We hypothesise that this hierarchical recovery may indicate continued splanchnic hypoxia in the immediate post-transfusion period and vulnerability to transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis (TANEC). Our study provides a possible mechanistic underpinning for TANEC and warrants future randomised controlled studies to stratify its prevention.

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Hotmaida, Y., and Sutrisno. "Non-destructive determination of the main chemical components of red dragon fruit peel flour by using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 542 (August 7, 2020): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/542/1/012007.

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McNicholas, Triona, Paul Claffey, Susie O'Callaghan, Robert Briggs, Louise Newman, Katy Tobin, and Rose Anne Kenny. "343 Atrial Fibrillation, Orthostatic Hypotension and Cerebral Perfusion – Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii1—iii16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz102.70.

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Abstract Background It is thought that cerebral hypoperfusion in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of falls, cognitive impairment, and worse outcome in stroke. This aim of this study is to assess frontal lobe perfusion in response to active stand, and to assess the impact of OH on this association. Methods Data from wave 3 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing were used, a cohort study of community-dwelling adults aged over 50. Frontal lobe perfusion in response to orthostasis was measured using near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), reported as tissue saturation index (TSI%). Orthostatic hypotension (OH) was assessed using beat-to-beat blood pressure measurement. Linear regression assessed whether AF was associated with lower baseline TSI. Mixed effects linear regression assessed whether TSI differed across specific time points – 10, 20, 30, 40 60, 90, and 120 seconds. The analysis were repeated including an interaction with OH to assess the impact of OH on this association. Results There was no difference in baseline TSI in participants with AF compared to those without. Mixed effects models demonstrated lower TSI at 10 seconds in AF (β -0.52; 95% CI -0.88, -0.16; p-value 0.004), at 40 seconds (β -0.40; 95% CI -0.76, -0.04; p-value 0.031) and at 60 seconds (β -0.40; 95% CI --0.76, -0.04; p-value 0.028). Including an interaction with OH found that in isolated AF, TSI was lower at 10 seconds (β -0.62; 95% CI -1.04, -0.19; p-value 0.005). Those with both AF and OH had lower TSI at 40 (β -0.89; 95% CI -1.55, -0.24; p-value 0.007), 60 (β -0.89; 95% CI -1.54, -0.23; p-value 0.008) and 90 (β -0.68; 95% CI -1.33, -0.03; p-value 0.041) seconds. Conclusion There is evidence that frontal lobe perfusion is lower during orthostasis in individuals with AF, and that the presence of OH modifies this association.

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Cottrill, B. R. "A review of current nutritional models: what we need to measure." BSAP Occasional Publication 22 (1998): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00032225.

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AbstractA common feature of nutritional models developed in the last three decades is that estimates of energy and protein are generally made independent of each other, even though interactions between them are recognized.Most of the energy systems have adopted metabolizable energy (ME) or net energy (NE) as the unit for energy evaluation. Accurate measurement of the ME content of a food requires in vivo digestibility measurements using cattle or sheep, with methane losses either measured or predicted. This approach is clearly unsuitable for routine food evaluation and most systems predict the ME content from chemical analyses, using regression equations derived from calorimetric measurements.The new generation of protein systems recognize the need to consider, separately, the energy and nitrogen requirements of the rumen micro-organisms and the protein requirements of the host animal. Despite this common base, systems differ markedly in estimates of energy supply to rumen bacteria, the degree to which dietary protein is degraded in the rumen, microbial protein yield and the digestibility of the microbial and undegraded dietary protein.Although empirically based, current protein systems contain dynamic elements relating to rates of fermentation and protein degradation. In most cases, data have been derived using the in situ nylon bag technique, although this has major limitations. Recent developments in the gas production technique suggest that this approach has the potential for describing fermentation and degradation rates of individual foods.To be effective, energy and protein systems need to describe foods in units that are both easily understood by non-specialists and can be measured using procedures that are rapid, reliable and cost effective. Near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be both rapid and cost effective and there is evidence that it may be able to predict not only proximate analyses but also dynamic characteristics of foods.

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Wang, Xinlong, Liang-Chieh Ma, Sadra Shahdadian, Anqi Wu, Nghi Cong Dung Truong, and Hanli Liu. "Metabolic Connectivity and Hemodynamic-Metabolic Coherence of Human Prefrontal Cortex at Rest and Post Photobiomodulation Assessed by Dual-Channel Broadband NIRS." Metabolites 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12010042.

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Billions of neurons in the human brain form neural networks with oscillation rhythms. Infra-slow oscillation (ISO) presents three main physiological sources: endogenic, neurogenic, and myogenic vasomotions. Having an in vivo methodology for the absolute quantification of ISO from the human brain can facilitate the detection of brain abnormalities in cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic activities. In this study, we introduced a novel measurement-plus-analysis framework for the non-invasive quantification of prefrontal ISO by (1) taking dual-channel broadband near infrared spectroscopy (bbNIRS) measurements from 12 healthy humans during a 6-min rest and 4-min post transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) and (2) performing wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis on the measured time series data. The WTC indexes (IC, between 0 and 1) enabled the assessment of ipsilateral hemodynamic-metabolic coherence and bilateral functional connectivity in each ISO band of the human prefrontal cortex. At rest, bilateral hemodynamic connectivity was consistent across the three ISO bands (IC ≅ 0.66), while bilateral metabolic connectivity was relatively weaker. For post-tPBM/sham comparison, our analyses revealed three key findings: 8-min, right-forehead, 1064-nm tPBM (1) enhanced the amplitude of metabolic oscillation bilaterally, (2) promoted the bilateral metabolic connectivity of neurogenic rhythm, and (3) made the main effect on endothelial cells, causing alteration of hemodynamic-metabolic coherence on each side of the prefrontal cortex.

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Nordheim, Hege, Harald Volden, Gustav Fystro, and Tor Lunnan. "Prediction of in situ degradation characteristics of neutral detergent fibre (aNDF) in temperate grasses and red clover using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)." Animal Feed Science and Technology 139, no. 1-2 (December 2007): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.11.024.

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Kambabazi, Marie-Rose, MW Okoth, S. Ngala, L. Njue, and H. Vasanthakaalam. "Evaluation of nutrient content in red kidney beans, amaranth leaves, sweet potato roots and carrots cultivated in Rwanda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 21, no. 04 (May 31, 2021): 17801–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.99.21095.

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No data exist on the nutrient composition of some important Rwandan staples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient content of red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrot roots. About 6 kg of each raw material were cleaned and conditioned prior to mechanical drying, ground and sieved [60-mesh] into flour and then subjected to quantitative analysis for proximate content,energy, calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), vitamin A and vitamin C. Proximate composition determination was done using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), carbohydrates were determined by difference, energy was calculated, mineral analysis was done by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and vitamin analysis was performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods. The results showed that red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrots contain 21.48, 6.66, 29.46 and 13.8% of protein; 2.58, 1.68, 7.89 and 2.08% of fat; 60.86, 79.13, 19.29 and 57.38% of carbohydrate; 2.33, 2.68, 8.98 and 9.63% of fiber; 8.82, 8.74, 10.08 and 8.88% of moisture content; 3.94, 1.11, 24.30 and 5.16% of ash; 357.2, 363.7, 284.0, 322.9 kcal/100g of energy; and 146.4, 182.7, 26,290 and 1,247mg/kg of calcium,respectively. Red kidney beans, amaranth leaves and carrots contained8.54, 30.48, and 15.55 mg/kg of zinc; and 21.36, 219.1and 8.81 mg/kg of iron,respectively. Zinc and iron were,however,not detected in sweet potato samples analysed. Red kidney beans, sweet potato roots, amaranth leaves and carrot contained 768.0, 10,880, 399.4, and 6,413 IU/100g of vitamin A; and 2.67, 30.99, 330.3 and 6.76 mg/100g of vitamin C,respectively. In conclusion, the staples analysed contained appreciable amounts of nutrients and could be used to overcome malnutrition and allow dietary diversity. It could be recommended to prepare a Rwandanfood composition database in order to improve awareness on local grown crops’ quality.

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Ibrahim, Ayman, Hussin Daood, Zsuzsanna Bori, and Lajos Helyes. "Using Infrared Spectroscopy for Tracking and Estimating Antioxidant in Tomato Fruit Fractions." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 5 (May 16, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.5.736.

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Infrared technology has brought a quantum leap in the specialization of non-destructive systems for internal quality inspection of agricultural and food products. Applying near-infrared spectroscopy technique (NIRs) for tracking and estimating some antioxidants such as (Lycopene, β-carotene, Phytoene and Phytofluenxe) in tomato fruit fractions (Exocarp, Mesocarp, Endocarp and Tomato pomace) with prediction model. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device showed the antioxidant concentrations values within tomato fractions. Where, the maximum and minimum values observed in the mesocarp and exocarp fractions. Also, tomato fractions color analysis confirmed these results. Meanwhile, mesocarp fraction within range dark red color with h°≈ 31.7°, due to increased lycopene concentration, whereas, exocarp fraction was 77.29° for h°, within yellow range. In addition to HPLC and color reference methods were consensus significantly with the different of spectral transformations by the regression of partial least square (PLS). NIR spectra and antioxidant in tomato fractions were taken to establish calibration models for tracking and estimating antioxidant in tomato fractions by using partial least squares (PLS) model. The obtained Coefficients of prediction model (R2p) were 0.95, 0.91, 0.93 and 0.94 for Lycopene, β-Carotene, Phytoene and Phytofluenxe respectively. The values of (RPD) ratio obtained from the standard deviation to the standard error of prediction and also (RER) obtained from the standard error range of prediction model were varied for different tomato fractions and antioxidant content, and found that the NIR model suitable not only for screening the different concentrations values of antioxidants for tomato fractions, but also suitable for most applications including quality assurance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS)'

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