Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS)'
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Firbank, Michael. "The design, calibration and usage of a solid scattering and absorbing phantom for near infra red spectroscopy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1382004/.
Full textZavala, Ortiz Daniel. "Application of in situ near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS) for monitoring biopharmaceuticals production by cell cultures." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0040.
Full textThe complexity of biopharmaceutical products implies that their approval is based on a specific process. Any further change, especially in the process, requires drug validation in terms of clinical effects and biosecurity. Because changes in the processes may be unavoidable, quality assurance by inspection at the end of the process (Quality by Testing-QbT) tends to be replaced by a new quality perspective called Quality by design (QbD) which builds drug Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) controlling key Critical Process Parameters (CPP) in real-time. However, QbD implementation has been limited by the complexity of cell culture processes and the need for multivariate methods that allow the use of complex signals from process analyzers as monitoring instruments. Consequently, the objective of this work has been to develop new methodological and experimental applications, based on in situ NIR spectroscopy, for real-time monitoring of biopharmaceutical-producing cell cultures using two production platforms: animal cells (CHO-250-9) producing monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and plant cells (Cantharanthus roseus) producing antineoplastic molecules (vincristine-VC and vinblastine-VB). First, a process capable of producing VC and VB was generated, cell differentiation was identified as CPP and the ability to monitor it by in situ NIR spectroscopy was firstly demonstrated using calibration models based on partial least squares regression (PLSR). Subsequently in CHO cell cultures, different regression techniques were evaluated to generate calibration models to monitor CPP and CQA. PLSR was inadequate because of the chemical and physical variability that CHO cell cultures present during the different phases of batch culture. Local Weighted Regression (LWR) was adequate to monitor classic CPP (concentration of glucose, lactate, and viable cells, amongst others) since it adequately handled the variability associated with the progression of cell culture. However, for the glycosylation profile (CQA), it was unable to properly handle the complex nonlinear relationships between NIR spectra and the concentration of various monoclonal antibody (mAb) glycoforms. This was overcome with the use of models based on support vector regressions (SVR), allowing the generation of models of different mAb glycoforms related to particular clinical effects. Globally, this work has contributed to the expansion of the capabilities of in situ NIR spectroscopy for the monitoring of classic CPP in a more precise way, new innovative CPP such as cell physiological state in plant suspension cultures, and CQA such as mAb glycosylation profiles linked to clinical characteristics in animal cell cultures
Dahl, Christian. "Determination of fossil share in combustion of waste : Development of a novel method using NIR spectroscopy to predict the content of plastics in RDF-material." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40050.
Full textLouw, Esme Denise. "Aroma profiles and non-destructive determination of quality parameters of Japanese plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6528.
Full textIncludes bibliography.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Plums with good taste, aroma and eating quality lead to repeat purchases and sustained demand. Taste includes non-volatile compounds, e.g. sugars and acids, and has been well researched to meet the consumers’ preferences. Plum aroma, however, has not enjoyed the same attention. Limited literature is available on the aroma of Japanese plums and none could be found on the effects of relatively long cold storage on the profiles. The main aim of this study is to investigate the changes in aroma compounds of Japanese plums throughout maturation and ripening and the effects of commercial cold storage regimes. Near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy was also evaluated as a non-destructive method to determine plum quality parameters aimed at minimising sample variability. In Paper 1, NIR spectroscopy was used to develop prediction models for total soluble solid (TSS), total acidity (TA), sugar-to-acid ratio, firmness and weight in three cultivars (Pioneer, Laetitia and Angeleno) and a multi-cultivar model. Samples were collected for seven consecutive weeks and repeated over two seasons. TSS results showed excellent predictability (R2 = 0.817-0.955; RMSEP= 0.453-0.610 % Brix) but the TA models did not perform well. The sugar-to-acid ratio models had results comparable to that of TSS. Both the firmness and weight models had acceptable results. The models of ‘Pioneer’ and ‘Laetitia’ had a better predictability capacity than the ‘Angeleno’ model. Although the multi-cultivar models outperformed the single cultivar models on R2 values it had higher prediction errors. The robustness of all the TSS, TA and firmness models is high in terms of seasonality, range and cultivar. Papers 2 and 3, the main focus of the study, are concerned with the aroma profile dynamics of Japanese plums. HS-SPME was used in both papers to extract the aroma compounds followed by GC-TOFMS for separation and identification. In Paper 2, the aroma volatile compounds of three cultivars (Pioneer, Laetitia and Angeleno) were determined for a seven week period including samples from three maturity stages (immature, harvest and tree-ripe). A total of 35 compounds were identified of which ten were generic. Each cultivar had five unique compounds resulting in different aroma profiles for each of the maturity stages and distinct separation patterns using discriminant analysis. The study was extended in Paper 3 where the aroma volatile compounds of six cultivars (Pioneer, Sapphire, Laetitia, Songold, Larry Anne and Angeleno) and one plumcot (Flavor King) were determined at three functional stages (commercial harvest, tree-ripe fruit and cold stored fruit). A total of 62 compounds were identified and classified into three groups (‘unique’ (31), ‘generic’ (11) and ‘frequent’ (20)) based on their frequency of occurrence. The aroma profiles of ‘Larry Anne’ and ‘Flavor King’ are the most affected by cold storage conditions and ‘Pioneer’ appears to be the least affected. All the cultivars have significantly different aroma profiles at all three of the functional stages with ‘Sapphire’, ‘Larry Anne’ and ‘Flavor King’ showing the largest differences. ‘Flavor King’, a plumcot, presented a ripe aroma profile that was much diverged from that of the true plums.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Pruime met ‘n goeie smaak, aroma en eetkwaliteit lei tot herhaalde verkope en volhoubare aanvraag. Smaak sluit die nie-vlugtige stowwe (suikers en sure) in en is goed nagevors om die verbruikersvoorkeure te bevredig. Pruim aroma het egter nie dieselfde aandag geniet nie. Daar is beperkte literatuur beskikbaar wat handel oor die aroma van Japanese pruime en geen kon gevind word oor die effekte van lang koelopberging op die aromaprofiele nie. Die hoof doel van hierdie studie is om die veranderinge in die aromatiese komponente van Japanese pruime te ondersoek tydens die volwassewording- en rypwordingsprosesse asook die effekte van kommersiele koelopberging. Naby infrarooi (NIR) spektroskopie is ook geevalueer as ‘n nie-destruktiewe manier om pruim kwaliteitsparameters te bepaal met die doel om monstervariasie te beperk. In Artikel 1 is NIR spektroskopie gebruik om voorspellingsmodelle vir totale oplosbare suikers (TOS), totale suur (TS), suiker-tot-suur verhouding, fermheid en gewig te bepaal in drie kultivars (Pioneer, Laetitia en Angeleno) asook ‘n multi-kultivar model. Monsters is vir sewe opeenvolgende weke versamel en herhaal oor twee seisoene. TOS resultate toon uitstekende voorspelbaarheid (R2 = 0.817-0.955; RMSEP= 0.453-0.610 % Brix) maar TS modelle het egter nie so goed gevaar nie. Die suiker-tot-suur verhoudingsmodelle se resultate was vergelykbaar met die van TOS. Beide die fermheid- en gewigsmodelle het aanvaarbare resultate opgelewer. Die modelle vir ‘Pioneer’ en ‘Laetitia’ het ‘n beter voorspelbaarheidskapasiteit getoon as die van ‘Angeleno’. Alhoewel die multi-kultivar model beter presteer het as die enkel kultivar modelle op die R2-waardes was daar meer voorspellingsfoute. Hoe robuustheid is gevind i.t.v. seisoene, datagrense en kultivar vir al die TOS, TA en fermheidsmodelle. Artikels 2 en 3, die fokuspunt van die studie, handel oor die dinamika van die aromaprofiel van Japanese pruime. HS-SPME is in beide artikels gebruik on die aromatiese verbindings te ekstraeer gevolg deur GCTOFMS vir skeiding en identifikasie. In Artikel 2 is die aromatiese stowwe van drie kultivars (Pioneer, Laetitia en Angeleno) bepaal vir sewe opeenvolgende weke en sluit monsters van drie volwassenheidsstadiums in (onvolwasse, oes en boom-rypgemaakte pruime). ‘n Totaal van 35 verbindings is geidentifiseer waarvan tien as generies beskou kan word. Elke kultivar het vyf unieke komponente gehad en het gelei tot verskillende aromaprofiele vir elk van die volwassenheidsstadiums en diverse skeidingspatrone tydens die gebruik van diskriminant analise. Die studie is uitgebrei in Artikel 3 waartydens die aromatiese vlugtige stowwe van ses kultivars (Pioneer, Sapphire, Laetitia, Songold, Larry Anne en Angeleno) en een plumcot (Flavor King) bepaal is tydens drie funksionele stadiums (oes, boom-rypgemaak en koelopgebergde pruime). ‘n Totaal van 62 verbindings is geidentifiseer en in drie groepe geklassifiseer (‘uniek’ (31), ‘generies’(11) en ‘gereeld’ (20)) gebaseer op voorkomsfrekwensie. Die aromaprofiele van ‘Larry Anne’ en ‘Flavor King’ is die meeste deur die koelopberging geaffekteer en ‘Pioneer’ die minste. Al die kultivars het kenmerkend verskil t.o.v. hul aromaprofiele in al drie die funksionele groepe en ‘Sapphire’, ‘Larry Anne’ en ‘Flavor King’ het die grootste verskille getoon. ‘Flavor King’, die plumcot, het ook ‘n ryp aromaprofiel gehad wat baie van die van die egte pruime verskil het.
Yoon, Weng Li. "Transferability of near infra-red spectra for the identification of pharmaceuticals." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311894.
Full textHill, Samantha. "Near infra-red spectroscopy in a pediatric population undergoing cardiac surgery." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94951.
Full textIntroduction: Le Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) utilitisé durant la période opératoire peut réduire les complications neurologiques postopératoires. L'utilisation du NIRS chez la population pédiatrique et les variations associées au placement des senseurs sont sous étudiées. Objectifs: Explorer les performances du NIRS chez les enfants lors de chirurgies cardiaques; décrire les variations significatives du NIRS (20%) en comparaison aux niveaux témoins; établir des corrélations entre les événements et les variables mesurées; établir l'utilité d'un second senseur. Méthodes: Une revue rétrospective de données NIRS obtenues de façon prospective. Les relations observées seront évaluées avec les tests Student-t, chi-squared, et de régression logistique. Résultats: Des variations significatives en comparaison aux valeurs témoins ont été observées. Plusieurs de ces variations ont eu lieu lorsque les patients n'étaient pas supportés par la circulation extracorporelle ou lors de son initiation. Les augmentations et diminutions du NIRS sont significativement reliées au PaO2, à l'hématocrite, à la pression artérielle moyenne (p<0.05) et au paCO2 (p<0.01), respectivement. Des variations unilatérales du NIRS sont fréquentes, particulièrement chez les patients cyanosés et chez les patients males. Conclusion: Chez cette population pédiatrique, des déviations significatives du NIRS sont associées à certaines variables physiologiques. Le deuxième senseur ajoute des informations utiles.
Devendra, Kumar Vijaya Kumar. "The use of Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy to measure brain oxygenation in newborn." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509058.
Full textMapekula, Nwabisa Nolwazi. "Quantitative evaluation of starch determination in feed samples using Near Infra-red Reflectance." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015617.
Full textRowlands, Anne Justine. "Applications of near infra-red Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy to photographic and allied chemistry." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387073.
Full textMcGown, Anne Dora. "Assessment of cerebral oxygenation using near infra-red spectroscopy in obstructive sleep apnoea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445942/.
Full textSteedman, David John. "Simultaneous measurement of human brain activity using near infra-red spectroscopy, electroencephalogram and the steady state visually evoked potential." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/48535.
Full textA thesis submitted for M.Sc by Research, Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-153)
Petersen, Jennifer Lee. "Effects of brief aquatic exercise in multiple sclerosis on mobility and function." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1447885245.
Full textPimentel, Marina Leite. "Reabilitação protética na região auricular: análise por elementos finitos de implantes maxilofaciais extraorais conexão hexágono externo e cone Morse, investigação da fotoestabilidade e caracterização espectroscópica de um elastômero maxilofacial tipo-A." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23152/tde-04072017-092958/.
Full textMajor challenges in Implantology include: achieving longevity of implants, bone tissue preservation, connective tissue suitable answer and maintenance of secondary stability in order to retain prosthesis. These factors avoid the undesirable loss of both rehabilitation treatment and supporting bone tissues. The extraoral region has less bone depth compared to the maxilla and mandible regions, especially for the temporal bone. Therefore, the following aspects were investigated: (i) Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) of 16 virtual models, with static application of tension and compression forces in medium points between implants. Three extraoral maxillofacial implants were placed on the temporal bone, which one of them was placed on the mastoid process. This study was made entirely in a computational environment. Two prosthetic connection types and straight Intermediários were employed, with conicities of 20º and 45º, placed virtually on the temporal bone model, mutually parallel. A virtual bar for bar-clip prosthetic retention of auricular prosthesis was designed. The best configurations were considered to be the ones presenting uniform and mild von Mises tension distribution over the bone tissue around the implants. (ii) Generation of samples with varying degree of pigmentation to (a) improve the reproducibility of the colouration (b) understand and minimise the discolouration process to improve prosthetics longevity. A maxillofacial elastomer type A was intrinsically pigmented according to the six tones of the Fitzpatrick Scale. A pigmentation technique was developed from spectroscopy outcomes of paper printed Fitzpatrick Scale and the primary colors pigments. This platinum reinforced dimethyl methylvinyl siloxane A 223-30 (Factor II, Inc., Lakeside, AZ, USA) presents \"Shore-A\" hardness 30. The samples were exposed to accelerated photo aging, and their degradation mapped with UV/Vis/NIR Spectroscopy. The effects of exclusion of oxygen and inclusion of nanoparticle fillers during prosthetic formulation were investigated. It was concluded that: (i) Morse taper prosthetic connection 3.7 platform implants, should be employed with 45o abutments with 2mm height. The surgical planning shall be for placement 3 hours for the left temporal bone and 9 hours for the right, and in 6 hours (mastoid). Morse taper prosthetic connection 4.0 platform implants behaved biomechanically desirably with 20o abutments in 2mm or 4mm heights. For the Morse taper connection 4.0 platform implants, their placement shall be in 6-9-12 hours, for the right temporal, and 12-3-6, for the left temporal, in order to achieve proper biomechanical behaviour. The Brånemark extraoral external hexagon implant, with 4.1 platform (normal or expanded) should preferrably be used with 20o abutments. (ii) The SiO2 5% may be added to the silicone preparation in order to slow maxillofacial prosthesis colour fading. The TiO2 brings visually significant changes and may be considered as an opacifier.
Davies, David James. "Cerebral near infra-red spectroscopy in traumatic brain injury as a potential independent monitoring modality and alternative to invasive tissue oxygen tension sensors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7325/.
Full textRitzenthaler, Thomas. "Évaluation de la recanalisation au cours des accidents ischémiques cérébraux : intérêt de la séquence IRM en T2* et de la spectroscopie de proche infra-rouge." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1065/document.
Full textAcute ischemic stroke treatments (intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy) aim to restore an affective brain perfusion in order to improve neurological outcome. We first evaluated the predictive value of susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) on T2* MRI sequence after intravenous thrombolysis and studied course of SVS using sequential MRI assessment. We confirm that SVS is a strong predictor of no recanalisation, and underline discrepancies between MR angiography and T2* data. In the second part, we assessed the usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to monitor recanalisation during mechanical thrombectomy. NIRS is a reliable tool, but still suffer of challenging limitations
Oussaidene, Kahina. "Implication de l’oxygénation cérébrale dans les limitations à l’exercice musculaire des personnes non-entraînées et des sportifs d’endurance." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S028/document.
Full textInvolvement of cerebral oxygenation in muscular exercice limitation in untrained and trained endurance men. A decrease in oxygen availability in the brain could be a physiological mechanism limiting aerobic fitness. We first studied the role of cerebral oxygenation measured by Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS ) in maximal cycle ramp exercise limitation. We showed a cerebral oxygenation threshold decline associated with respiratory compensation point (RCP). This threshold appeared for higher exercise intensities -related to performance improvement with hyperoxia in untrained endurance men (study 1). Secondly , we showed that the cerebral oxygenation threshold in athletes occurred for higher sub-maximal exercise intensities than untrained (study 2). Finally , we determined the involvement of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIH) in endurance athletes on cerebral oxygenation during maximal cycle ramp exercice and exercice time to exhaustion. We showed that cerebral oxygenation was improved by EIH suggesting a compensatory effect of EIH during the maximal cycle ramp. This did not occur during exercise time to exhaustion, and does not support the involvment of cerebral oxygenation in this type of exercise (study 3). This work has therefore highlighted the involvement of cerebral oxygenation in maximal cycle ramp exercice limitation in untrained and trained endurance men with or without EIH. However, it was unlikely been the major factor limiting the exercise time to exhaustion
Francisco, Cristina de Oliveira. "Efeito agudo da fototerapia por meio de diodos emissores de luz (LED) na cinética do consumo de oxigênio pulmonar, desoxigenação muscular e na resposta de glicemia e lactacidemia em homens com diabetes mellitus e saudáveis." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/9361.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is responsible for quality of life reduction due its negative impact in the physical exercise capacity. The impairment of cardiopulmonary fitness and lower values in oxygen uptake in exercise tests has been associated with factors related with diabetes complications. Phototherapy is a resource largely utilized due it action in biological systems and it may be adjuvant to exercise to improve muscular efficiency and increase aerobic capacity. Thus, the question if this resource may be benefit to populations with DM. Therefore, we proposed a study protocol randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled to evaluate the acute effect of light emitting diode (LED) in cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments of moderate exercise in cycloergometer, as well as, in lactate and glucose levels pre and post intervention and after exercise in men aged between 45 and 64 years, with DM and health. Then, two studies were performed. In the study 1 it was evaluated the acute effect of phototherapy (LED-150J) in two groups: DM group (DMG) and health group (HG) (n=16 and n=9, respectively). The groups were paired by age and body mass index. The LED reduced significantly the glucose levels in DMG after exercise and do not affect the lactate levels, cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments of aerobic exercise in both groups. Our results suggest that LED in combination with moderate exercise decrease acutely the glucose levels in adult subjects with DM. The study 2 aimed evaluate the acute effect of two different doses of phototherapy. Participated in this study two groups of men with DM: LED-150J (n=16) and LED-300J (n=17). The LED-150J reduced the levels of glucose after exercise. The LED-300J increased the lactate levels after exercise in effective session compared with placebo. Any doses changed the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic adjustments. This study demonstrated that the phototherapy with LED using the 300J dose did not improved the parameters studied and the 150J dose improved the glycaemia and should be used in combination with other therapies for the hyperglycemia management in individuals with DM. The general conclusion of this thesis is that our findings suggest that phototherapy associated with moderate physical exercise have therapeutic potential to control glycaemia in DM, however, further studies should be conducted investigating the dose window and dose-response capable to change acutely the cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic adjustments and lactate levels.
O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM) é responsável por redução significativa na qualidade de vida devido ao seu impacto negativo na capacidade de realização de exercícios físicos. A diminuição do condicionamento cardiopulmonar e os menores valores de consumo de oxigênio pico em testes de exercício têm sido associados com múltiplos fatores envolvidos nas complicações do diabetes. A fototerapia é um recurso que tem sido utilizado devido sua ação nos sistemas biológicos, podendo ser um coadjuvante do exercício na melhora da eficiência do trabalho muscular e aumento da capacidade aeróbia. Por isso, levantou-se a questão de que tal recurso poderia beneficiar populações com DM. Assim, foi proposto um protocolo experimental aleatorizado e duplo-cego visando avaliar o efeito agudo da fototerapia com diodos emissores de luz (LED) nos ajustes cardiorrespiratórios e hemodinâmicos ao exercício moderado em cicloergômetro, bem como nas concentrações de lactato e glicose sanguíneas pré e pós intervenção e após o exercício físico em homens com DM e saudáveis, com idade entre 45 e 64 anos. A partir deste protocolo dois estudos foram realizados. No estudo 1 foi avaliado o efeito agudo da fototerapia (LED-150J) em dois grupos: grupo com DM (GDM, n=16) e grupo saudável (GS, n=9). Os grupos foram pareados por idade e índice de massa corpórea. O LED reduziu significativamente as concentrações de glicose no GDM após o exercício em cicloergômetro e não afetou os níveis de lactato e os ajustes cardiorrespiratórios e hemodinâmicos em ambos os grupos. Nossos resultados sugerem que o LED em combinação com o exercício moderado reduz de forma aguda os níveis de glicose em homens adultos com DM. No estudo 2 objetivou-se avaliar o efeito agudo de duas diferentes doses de fototerapia. Participaram desse estudo dois grupos de homens com DM: LED-150J (n=16) e LED-300J (n=17). O LED-150J reduziu as concentrações de glicose após o exercício físico e o LED-300J aumentou os níveis de lactato após o protocolo de exercício na fototerapia efetiva em comparação com a fototerapia placebo. Nenhuma das dosagens avaliadas modificou significativamente os ajustes cardiopulmonares e hemodinâmicos avaliados. Este estudo mostrou que a fototerapia por meio de LED na dosagem de 300J não causou melhora nos parâmetros estudados enquanto a dosagem de 150J melhorou a glicemia, podendo ser utilizada como recurso adjuvante no controle da hiperglicemia em indivíduos com DM. Como conclusão geral, nossos achados sugerem que a fototerapia associada ao exercício moderado tem potencial terapêutico no controle da glicemia do DM, no entanto, mais estudos são necessários para estabelecer a janela terapêutica e a dose-resposta capaz de modificar de forma aguda os ajustes cardiopulmonares e hemodinâmicos, assim como os níveis de lactato.
FAPESP: 2013/08183-7
FAPESP: 2015/20512-1
FAPESP: BEPE 2013/07953-3
Wood, Clive, Abdolati Alwati, S. A. Halsey, Timothy D. Gough, Elaine C. Brown, Adrian L. Kelly, and Anant R. Paradkar. "Near infra red spectroscopy as a multivariate process analytical tool for predicting pharmaceutical co-crystal concentration." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/8494.
Full textThe use of near infra red spectroscopy to predict the concentration of two pharmaceutical co-crystals; 1:1 ibuprofen – nicotinamide (IBU-NIC) and 1:1 carbamazepine – nicotinamide (CBZ-NIC) has been evaluated. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression model was developed for both co-crystal pairs using sets of standard samples to create calibration and validation data sets with which to build and validate the models. Parameters such as the root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient were used to assess the accuracy and linearity of the models. Accurate PLS regression models were created for both co-crystal pairs which can be used to predict the co-crystal concentration in a powder mixture of the co-crystal and the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The IBU-NIC model had smaller errors than the CBZ-NIC model, possibly due to the complex CBZ-NIC spectra which could reflect the different arrangement of hydrogen bonding associated with the co-crystal compared to the IBU-NIC co-crystal. These results suggest that NIR spectroscopy can be used as a PAT tool during a variety of pharmaceutical co-crystal manufacturing methods and the presented data will facilitate future offline and in-line NIR studies involving pharmaceutical co-crystals.
Gouveia, Carla Susana Silva. "Avaliação de recursos genéticos agrícolas: análise nutricional e anti-nutricional de variedades regionais de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/497.
Full textUniverdade da Madeira
Nunes, Nuno Miguel Velosa. "Avaliação e valorização de recursos agrícolas: avaliação nutricional e mineral de variedades tradicionais de batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L.) provenientes da Madeira e Açores." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/409.
Full textUniversidade da Madeira
(12271705), John Austin Guthrie. "Development of a non-invasive objective test to measure the eating quality of pineapple and mango fruits." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Development_of_a_non-invasive_objective_test_to_measure_the_eating_quality_of_pineapple_and_mango_fruits/19395413.
Full text(12271705), John Austin Guthrie. "Robustness of NIR calibrations for assessing fruit quality." Thesis, 2005. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Robustness_of_NIR_calibrations_for_assessing_fruit_quality/21454485.
Full textPredictive models based on near infra-red spectroscopy for the assessment of fruit internal quality attributes must exhibit a degree of robustness across the parameters of variety, district and time to be of practical use in fruit grading. At the time this thesis was initiated, while there were a number of published reports on the development of near infra-red based calibration models for the assessment of internal quality attributes of intact fruit, there were no reports of the reliability ("robustness") of such models across time, cultivars or growing regions. As existing published reports varied in instrumentation employed, a re-analysis of existing data was not possible.
An instrument platform, based on partial transmittance optics, a halogen light source and a (Zeiss MMS1) detector operating in the short wavelength near infra-red region was developed for use in the assessment of intact fruit. This platform was used to assess populations of macadamia kernels, melons and mandarin fruit for total soluble solids, dry matter and oil concentration. Calibration procedures were optimised and robustness assessed across growing areas, time of harvest, season and variety. In general, global modified partial least squares regression (MPLS) calibration models based on derivatised absorbance data were better than either multiple linear regression or 'local' MPLS models in the prediction of independent validation populations. Robustness was most affected by growing season, relative to the growing district or variety. Various calibration updating procedures were evaluated in terms of calibration robustness. Random selection of samples from the validation population for addition to the calibration population was equivalent to or better than other methods of sample addition (methods based on the Mahalanobis distance of samples from either the centroid of the population or neighbourhood samples). In these exercises the global Mahalanobis distance (GH) was calculated using the scores and loadings from the calibration population on the independent validation population. In practice, it is recommended that model predictive performance be monitored in terms of predicted sample GH, with model updating using as few as 10 samples from the new population undertaken when the average GH value exceeds 1.0.
Auger, Héloïse. "Techniques de spectroscopie proche infrarouge appliquées à la quantification de paramètres hémodynamiques." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18896.
Full textThis master’s thesis is separated in two phases, both focused on near infrared spectroscopy for the quantification of hemodynamic parameters. NIRS is based on the measure of absorption (μa) and scattering (μs’) coefficients of tissues in order to recover the oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in the blood. Its results are based on the photon propagation in tissue at different near-infrared wavelengths. The first NIRS system used during my studies is a time-resolved spectroscopy system. This device allowed us to retrieve absolute hemoglobin concentrations using a headband placed over the subject’s skin and centered on their forehead. The data analysis model which we used allowed us to separate extra-cerebral and cerebral contributions of the signal. This method yielded quantitative absolute measures of cerebral oxygen saturation as opposed to the traditional homogenous model where the signal is contaminated by superficial layers. A study on cerebral hemodynamic changes in young adults during exercise was conducted, and the published article detailing its results is transcribed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 includes a review of this study and discusses potential future works. The second part of my research consisted in an industrial internship during the summer of 2016. Under the supervision of Dennis Hueber, Ph. D., and Beniamino Barbieri, Ph. D., I have worked on a NIRS device manufactured by ISS Inc., a prototype of which is currently in the laboratory of my supervisor Mathieu Dehaes, Ph. D. This device combines two NIRS modalities: frequency-domain NIRS and diffuse correlation spectroscopy. Chapter 4 details the work I have performed at ISS and the results of my research and analysis.