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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Near fault'

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Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Phan, Vu T. "Near fault (near field) ground motion effects on reinforced concrete bridge columns /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/1433102.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005.
"August, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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2

Alqarni, Ali. "Influence of Concrete Floors on Buildings Near Fault Regions." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1608378695834876.

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3

Sehhati, Reza. "Probabilistic seismic demand analysis for the near-fault zone." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/r_sehhati_120108.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, December 2008.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Oct. 22, 2009). "Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-171).
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4

Skamvetsaki, Angela. "Deformation band development near meso-scale faults in porous sandstones : implications for fault seal prediction." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289595.

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Seismic-scale faults are generally associated with clusters of subresolution faults, and the issue of how to predict the latter's numbers and distribution has been the subject of much recent debate due to its bearing on accurate fault seal evalution. One important class of subseismic-scale faults are deformation bands, which are tabular shear zones commonly formed in reservoir-quality aeolian and fluvial sandstone successions. Relevant outcrop and oil field case studies suggest such structures can reduce host rock permeability by up to four orders of magnitude, yet there is little published infonnation on the controls on their localisation and their relationship to larger-scale fault growth processes. This study addresses this knowledge gap and reports results of integrated structural, statistical, probe permeability and hydromechanical test investigations on fault-controlled deformation band arrays from two areas, Cullercoats Bay in NE England and the Clair Field, offshore NW UK continental shelf. Key aims are to examine the mesoand microscopic architecture of these band networks, establish their general evolution and elucidate their relationship to large fault development. Ancillary concerns include the expansion of the still limited database of deformation band spatial attributes, and assessment of the main areas of sensitivity in the analytical and statistical techniques used to describe these and other similar fault systems. Deformation bands at Cullercoats occur within the aeolian Yellow Sands of Permian age in the hanging wall of the Ninety Fathom fault, a major normal fault episodically active from the Carboniferous until at least Permian times. Structural analysis suggests that this band population was initiated as a result of dextral or oblique-dextral slip on the underlying Carboniferous Ninety Fathom fault, and was then progressively modified during the propagation of this fault into the overlying sediment cover and attendant development of fault-related folding and second-order faulting. In Clair, deformation bands are associated with arrays of calcite-filled veins and are inferred to have formed in response to fault-triggered fluid redistribution processes within the variably lithified aeolian-fluvial sandstones of the Clair Group. Statistical and mechanical evidence from both areas indicates that deformation band growth preceded major fault formation there, a finding that is consistent with the predictions of post-yield fracture mechanics models for process zone development at fault tips. A further common result from the two localities is that deformation band development and permeability character appears to be primarily controlled by the porosity and loading history of the faulted sandstones; therefore, assessment of the time of faulting should be a first step for determining whether a given subsurface fault is likely to be associated with deformation bands. Specific conclusions are: (1) The damage zones of band-related faults in porous sandstones scale linearly with fault displacement. (2) Deformation band densities decay quasi-exponentially with increasing distance from the faults within whose damage zones they occur. (3) Deformation band spacing distributions depart from strict self-similarity owing to the confinement of the bands within discrete mechanical horizons, yet their overall statistical character attests to multifractal scaling and Levytype stable behaviour. (4) Because of the observed deviations of deformation band statistics from simple power-law scaling laws, extrapolation of seismic-scale fault populations down to the deformation band level may give incorrect estimates of band numbers and/or size attributes. (5) Deformation bands display a broad range of microstructures and permeability signatures depending on host rock lithology, degree of compaction, previous stress history and local deformation details. (6) Despite their low-very low static permeabilities, deformation bands may act as fluid pathways during their development or reactivation in a subsequent tectonic event. (7) Application of standard statistical and probe permeability approaches to deformation band characterisation should be approached with caution due to problems inherent in the nature of deformation band systems itself. (8) Based on microstructural evidence and diagenetic and mechanical considerations deformation in the two study areas may have taken place at - 1.5-2 km, under maximum effective confining pressures of around 30 MPa.
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5

Wu, Shuanglan. "Near-fault Ground Motions for Seismic Design of Bridge Structures." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232017.

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6

Choi, Hoon. "Effects of near-fault ground motion and fault-rupture on the seismic response of reinforced concrete bridges." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3289465.

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7

Bonvalot, Eliot. "Dynamic response of bridges to near-fault, forward directivity ground motions." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/e%5Fbonvalot%5F072606.pdf.

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8

Bengtsson, Daniel, and Wicktor Löw. "NON-CONTACT PCB FAULT DETECTION USING NEAR FIELD MEASUREMENTS AND THERMAL SIGNATURES." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49078.

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9

Prentice, Carol S. Sieh Kerry E. "Earthquake geology of the northern San Andreas fault near Point Arena, California /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1989. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01192007-104328.

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10

Ripperger, Johannes. "Numerical explorations on stress heterogeneity : dynamic earthquake rupture and near-fault ground motion /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17048.

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11

Fitoz, Hatice Eda. "Response Of Asymmetric Isolated Buildings Under Bi-directionalexcitations Of Near-fault Ground Motions." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614121/index.pdf.

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Isolator displacements, floor accelerations, roof displacements, base shear and torsional moments are basic parameters that are considered in the design of seismically isolated structures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of bidirectional earthquake excitations of near fault records on the response of base isolated structures in terms of basic parameters mentioned above. These parameters computed from nonlinear response history analysis (RHA) and they are compared with the parameters computed from equivalent lateral force procedure (ELF). Effect of asymmetry in superstructure is also examined considering mass eccentricity at each floor level. Torsional amplifications in isolator displacements, floor accelerations, roof displacements and base shear are compared for different level of eccentricities. Two buildings with different story heights are used in the analyses.The building systems are modeled in structural analysis program SAP2000. The scaling of ground motion data are taken from the study of &ldquo
Response of Isolated Structures Under Bi-directional Excitations of Near-fault ground Motions&rdquo
(Ozdemir, 2010). Each ground motion set (fault normal and fault parallel) are applied simultaneously for different range of effective damping of lead rubber bearing (LRB) and for different isolation periods.
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12

Thompson, Michael A. "Tectonic evolution of the Palos Verdes Fault near Lasuen Knoll, offshore southern California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1604870.

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Seismic mapping indicates that Lasuen Knoll offshore southern California is a pop-up structure in a restraining stepover of the Palos Verdes Fault. Dextral shear is apparently transferred southeast through a complex of faults in a linked shear zone to the Carlsbad Ridge and Coronado Bank faults.

Isochore maps of stratigraphic intervals indicate that Miocene extension occurred locally along the Palos Verdes Fault to the south of Lasuen Knoll during the Mohnian stage, and became more widespread during the Delmontian stage. Fanning of dips of Repettian stage strata onlapping Lasuen Knoll indicate that Lasuen Knoll began to form as a pop-up structure by the Early Repettian stage and has continued to uplift to Recent.

Lasuen Knoll is bounded to the north and south along the Palos Verdes-Carlsbad Ridge-Coronado Bank shear zone by transtensional zones. Tectonic models suggest that Lasuen Knoll forms a characteristic California Inner Borderland restraining bend or stepover.

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13

Holmstad, Erin Frances. "Geochemical and petrologic study of the Fries-Rockfish Valley Fault near Roanoke, Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063059/.

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14

Brown, Austin. "Investigation of near-fault ground motion effects on substandard bridge columns and bents." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1467743.

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15

Flaccus, Christopher Edward 1953. "Stress on the San Andreas fault: an analysis of shallow stress relief measurements made near Palmdale, California, 1979 and 1980." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558088.

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16

CHATTERJEE, SHIBAJI. "GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES OF THE HERALD-PHILLIPSTOWN FAULT AND OTHER SHALLOW STRUCTURES NEAR CARMI, ILLINOIS." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/163.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF SHIBAJI CHATTERJEE, for the Master of Science degree in Geology, presented on APRIL 23, 2009, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: GEOPHYSICAL STUDIES OF THE HERALD-PHILLIPSTOWN FAULT AND OTHER SHALLOW STRUCTURES NEAR CARMI, ILLINOIS. MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr John L. Sexton Four seismic reflection profiles from the Wabash Valley area of southeastern Illinois successfully imaged the Herald-Phillipstown fault. From the reflection profiles and geophysical well logs, it was interpreted that the Herald-Phillipstown fault is an inverted flower structure. The main fault of the group is a steeply dipping normal fault with associated splay faults that are reverse in character. All the faults of this inverted flower structure are basement penetrating. Structural contour maps as well as maps of various reflector surfaces are prepared using two way travel time as well as depth. These maps show that the reflectors are undulating in character. Also distinct east-west rotational movements of the reflectors are observed along these faults and the main fault shows a curved geometry from south to north. The combination of the rotational movement, the curved nature of the fault plane and the undulating reflectors resulted in variation of offsets along these faults. The nature of faults of the inverted flower structure as observed on the seismic reflection profiles also indicates that there has been a change in the stress regime from extensional to compressional. Structural cross sections were generated using geophysical well logs from drill holes located along these seismic lines to analyze the nature of these faults at shallower depths. From these cross sections numerous shallow faults were observed and many of them can be correlated with those observed on seismic records indicating upward migration of basement penetrating faults into shallow younger sediments. Many of these faults, including the Herald-Phillipstown fault show evidences of reactivation.
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17

Austin, Lauren. "Evolution of Regional Stress State Based on Faulting and Folding Near the Pit River, Shasta County, California." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13434.

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We investigate the evolution of the regional stress state near the Pit River, northern California, in order to understand the faulting style in a tectonic transition zone and to inform the hazard analysis of Fault 3432 near the Pit 3 Dam. By analyzing faults and folds preserved in and adjacent to a diatomite mine north of the Pit River, we have determined principal stress directions preserved during the past million years. We find that the stress state has evolved from predominantly normal to strike slip and most recently to reverse, which is consistent with regional structures such as the extensional Hat Creek Fault to the south and the compressional folding of Mushroom Rock to the north. South of the Pit River, we still observe normal and strike slip faults, suggesting that changes in stress state are moving from north to south through time.
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18

Hoel, Karin Harnæs, and Bjørn Thomas Svendsen. "The Effects of Near-fault Earthquakes On a High-rise Structure In The Oslo Area." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for konstruksjonsteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18539.

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The objective of the presented research is to evaluate the seismic response of a high-rise structure located in a seismic environment. For this purpose, the Oslo Plaza building located in Oslo, Norway, was chosen. A numerical element model of the building was created in the structural analysis program SAP2000 with emphasis on the soil-structure interaction representation. A structural monitoring process with the intention of calibrating the model was performed. The focus was to estimate and evaluate the dynamic behavior and response of the high-rise structure to strong ground motion, with emphasis on near-fault ground motion. For this purpose, simulations and modifications of ground motion data was performed. The seismic response of the structure with emphasis on important damage parameters of special concern for tall structures such as displacement, interstory drift and base shear were investigated. It was found that near-fault earthquakes results in larger seismic response than far-fault earthquakes for the high-rise structure considered. The near-fault ground motion rendered larger interstory drift which was found to be decisive at critical floors, as expected. Analyses of the existing point bearing foundation resulted in less seismic response than an alternative foundation representation modeled in SAP2000. Oslo Plaza was found to perform well considering the response parameters taken into consideration for the different seismic scenarios. A seismic design according to Eurocode 8 and the National Annex of Norway is sufficient for high-rise structures like Oslo Plaza. An exception was found investigating the P-Δ effects. The study does not incorporate design checks of the structure.Keywords: Near-fault Ground Motion; High-rise Structure; Interstory Drift; Soil-structure Interaction; Oslo; Structural Monitoring.
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19

Joshi, Varun Anil. "Near-Fault Forward-Directivity Aspects of Strong Ground Motions in the 2010-11 Canterbury Earthquakes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8987.

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The purpose of this thesis is to conduct a detailed examination of the forward-directivity characteristics of near-fault ground motions produced in the 2010-11 Canterbury earthquakes, including evaluating the efficacy of several existing empirical models which form the basis of frameworks for considering directivity in seismic hazard assessment. A wavelet-based pulse classification algorithm developed by Baker (2007) is firstly used to identify and characterise ground motions which demonstrate evidence of forward-directivity effects from significant events in the Canterbury earthquake sequence. The algorithm fails to classify a large number of ground motions which clearly exhibit an early-arriving directivity pulse due to: (i) incorrect pulse extraction resulting from the presence of pulse-like features caused by other physical phenomena; and (ii) inadequacy of the pulse indicator score used to carry out binary pulse-like/non-pulse-like classification. An alternative ‘manual’ approach is proposed to ensure 'correct' pulse extraction and the classification process is also guided by examination of the horizontal velocity trajectory plots and source-to-site geometry. Based on the above analysis, 59 pulse-like ground motions are identified from the Canterbury earthquakes , which in the author's opinion, are caused by forward-directivity effects. The pulses are also characterised in terms of their period and amplitude. A revised version of the B07 algorithm developed by Shahi (2013) is also subsequently utilised but without observing any notable improvement in the pulse classification results. A series of three chapters are dedicated to assess the predictive capabilities of empirical models to predict the: (i) probability of pulse occurrence; (ii) response spectrum amplification caused by the directivity pulse; (iii) period and amplitude (peak ground velocity, PGV) of the directivity pulse using observations from four significant events in the Canterbury earthquakes. Based on the results of logistic regression analysis, it is found that the pulse probability model of Shahi (2013) provides the most improved predictions in comparison to its predecessors. Pulse probability contour maps are developed to scrutinise observations of pulses/non-pulses with predicted probabilities. A direct comparison of the observed and predicted directivity amplification of acceleration response spectra reveals the inadequacy of broadband directivity models, which form the basis of the near-fault factor in the New Zealand loadings standard, NZS1170.5:2004. In contrast, a recently developed narrowband model by Shahi & Baker (2011) provides significantly improved predictions by amplifying the response spectra within a small range of periods. The significant positive bias demonstrated by the residuals associated with all models at longer vibration periods (in the Mw7.1 Darfield and Mw6.2 Christchurch earthquakes) is likely due to the influence of basin-induced surface waves and non-linear soil response. Empirical models for the pulse period notably under-predict observations from the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes, inferred as being a result of both the effect of nonlinear site response and influence of the Canterbury basin. In contrast, observed pulse periods from the smaller magnitude June (Mw6.0) and December (Mw5.9) 2011 earthquakes are in good agreement with predictions. Models for the pulse amplitude generally provide accurate estimates of the observations at source-to-site distances between 1 km and 10 km. At longer distances, observed PGVs are significantly under-predicted due to their slower apparent attenuation. Mixed-effects regression is employed to develop revised models for both parameters using the latest NGA-West2 pulse-like ground motion database. A pulse period relationship which accounts for the effect of faulting mechanism using rake angle as a continuous predictor variable is developed. The use of a larger database in model development, however does not result in improved predictions of pulse period for the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes. In contrast, the revised model for PGV provides a more appropriate attenuation of the pulse amplitude with distance, and does not exhibit the bias associated with previous models. Finally, the effects of near-fault directivity are explicitly included in NZ-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) using the narrowband directivity model of Shahi & Baker (2011). Seismic hazard analyses are conducted with and without considering directivity for typical sites in Christchurch and Otira. The inadequacy of the near-fault factor in the NZS1170.5: 2004 is apparent based on a comparison with the directivity amplification obtained from PSHA.
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20

Pigeon, Luc. "Mineralogy, petrology and petrogenesis of syenitic rocks of the Porcupine-Destor fault zone near Matheson, Ontario." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26423.

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The mineralogy, petrology and petrogenesis of a representative suite of late Archean syenitic intrusions emplaced along the Porcupine-Destor fault zone near Matheson, Ontario in the southern Abitibi greenstone belt are studied using a combined approach involving field work, petrography, mineral chemistry and, major and trace element geochemistry. Members of the Matheson suite are from east to west: Iris, Garrison, Emens, Ludgate and Pangea intrusions. The Iris, Emens, Ludgate and Pangea intrusions are mostly composed of syenitic rocks with compositions ranging from alkali-feldspar quartz-syenite to melasyenite. Textures range from equigranular to porphyritic. Iris and Pangea intrusions also contain related mafic rocks. The Garrison intrusion is composed of hornblende quartz-monzonite. All intrusions but one have hypersolvus feldspar assemblages; the exception being Garrison intrusion, which displays a subsolvus feldspar assemblage. The occurrence of late aegirine-augite, magnesioriebeckite and widespread albite replacement, especially in rocks from Ludgate and Iris intrusions, indicates that late or post-magmatic sodium-rich fluids variably affected the rocks. Two magmatic series were identified based on silica-saturation properties and alkali-contents. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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21

Ramin, Latifi. "Effect of pulse-like near-fault ground motions on inelastic response of structures including foundation flexibility." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45534.

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For the sites in close proximity to a causative fault where formation of near fault long period velocity pulses is conceivable, consideration of flexibility of the foundation system is very important. This is due to the fact that when the flexibility of the base is taken into account the period of the system is longer than the period of the same system assuming a fixed base. Depending on the depth and the stiffness of the underlying soil the period of the system approaches the period of the near fault long period pulses, hence the response of the structure could be much larger. The purpose of this research is to study the nonlinear response of structures to pulse-like near fault ground motions with and without allowing for the foundation system flexibility. To highlight the impact of the near fault ground motions the nonlinear responses of single degree of freedom systems (resembling fixed base structures) to the near fault ground motions are compared to the responses of the same systems to the equivalent far field ground motions. The effects of (translational and rocking) flexibility of the foundation system is also considered using equivalent linear springs and lumped masses added to the base of the single degree of freedom systems. A major parametric study is performed to determine which parameter has the most significant impact on the response of the structure for near fault ground motions when effect of flexibility of the foundation system is explicitly accounted for. An efficient procedure has been developed for predicting the response of a structure with a flexible base to near fault ground motions deduced from the response of an equivalent single degree of freedom system to the equivalent far field ground motions. Validity of the proposed procedure for assessing the effects of near fault ground motions, and the influence of flexibility of the foundation system on the structures’ responses is verified using different analytical models, including a full 3D analysis of a bridge structure; the results proved to be quite satisfactory.
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22

Tothong, Polsak. "Probabilistic seismic demand analysis using advanced ground motion intensity measures, attenuation relationships, and near-fault effects /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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23

Calugaru, Vladimir. "Earthquake Resilient Tall Reinforced Concrete Buildings at Near-Fault Sites Using Base Isolation and Rocking Core Walls." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3616424.

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This dissertation pursues three main objectives: (1) to investigate the seismic response of tall reinforced concrete core wall buildings, designed following current building codes, subjected to pulse type near-fault ground motion, with special focus on the relation between the characteristics of the ground motion and the higher-modes of response; (2) to determine the characteristics of a base isolation system that results in nominally elastic response of the superstructure of a tall reinforced concrete core wall building at the maximum considered earthquake level of shaking; and (3) to demonstrate that the seismic performance, cost, and constructability of a base-isolated tall reinforced concrete core wall building can be significantly improved by incorporating a rocking core-wall in the design.

First, this dissertation investigates the seismic response of tall cantilever wall buildings subjected to pulse type ground motion, with special focus on the relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the higher-modes of response. Buildings 10, 20, and 40 stories high were designed such that inelastic deformation was concentrated at a single flexural plastic hinge at their base. Using nonlinear response history analysis, the buildings were subjected to near-fault seismic ground motions as well as simple close-form pulses, which represented distinct pulses within the ground motions. Euler-Bernoulli beam models with lumped mass and lumped plasticity were used to model the buildings.

Next, this dissertation investigates numerically the seismic response of six seismically base-isolated (BI) 20-story reinforced concrete buildings and compares their response to that of a fixed-base (FB) building with a similar structural system above ground. Located in Berkeley, California, 2 km from the Hayward fault, the buildings are designed with a core wall that provides most of the lateral force resistance above ground. For the BI buildings, the following are investigated: two isolation systems (both implemented below a three-story basement), isolation periods equal to 4, 5, and 6 s, and two levels of flexural strength of the wall. The first isolation system combines tension-resistant friction pendulum bearings and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers (NFVDs); the second combines low-friction tension-resistant cross-linear bearings, lead-rubber bearings, and NFVDs.

Finally, this dissertation investigates the seismic response of four 20-story buildings hypothetically located in the San Francisco Bay Area, 0.5 km from the San Andreas fault. One of the four studied buildings is fixed-base (FB), two are base-isolated (BI), and one uses a combination of base isolation and a rocking core wall (BIRW). Above the ground level, a reinforced concrete core wall provides the majority of the lateral force resistance in all four buildings. The FB and BI buildings satisfy requirements of ASCE 7-10. The BI and BIRW buildings use the same isolation system, which combines tension-resistant friction pendulum bearings and nonlinear fluid viscous dampers. The rocking core-wall includes post-tensioning steel, buckling-restrained devices, and at its base is encased in a steel shell to maximize confinement of the concrete core. The total amount of longitudinal steel in the wall of the BIRW building is 0.71 to 0.87 times that used in the BI buildings. Response history two-dimensional analysis is performed, including the vertical components of excitation, for a set of ground motions scaled to the design earthquake and to the maximum considered earthquake (MCE). While the FB building at MCE level of shaking develops inelastic deformations and shear stresses in the wall that may correspond to irreparable damage, the BI and the BIRW buildings experience nominally elastic response of the wall, with floor accelerations and shear forces which are 0.36 to 0.55 times those experienced by the FB building. The response of the four buildings to two historical and two simulated near-fault ground motions is also studied, demonstrating that the BIRW building has the largest deformation capacity at the onset of structural damage.

(Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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24

Haddox, David A. "Mapping and Kinematic Structural Analysis of the Deep Creek Fault Zone, South Flank of the Uinta Mountains, Near Vernal, Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd819.pdf.

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25

Peterman, David Joseph. "Seismic Reflection Profiling near Middletown, Ohio and Interpretation of Precambrian Deformational Settings." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1463936515.

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26

Castillo, Bryan. "AGES OF PREHISTORIC EARTHQUAKES ON THE BANNING STRAND OF THE SAN ANDREAS FAULT, NEAR NORTH PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/877.

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We studied a paleoseismic trench that was excavated across the Banning strand of the San Andreas Fault by Petra Geosciences (33.9172°, -116.538°). The trench exposed a ~40 m wide fault zone in interbedded alluvial sand gravel, silt and clay deposits. We present the first paleoseismic record for the Banning strand of the southern San Andreas Fault. The most recent event occurred sometime between 730 and 950 cal BP, potentially coincident with rupture of the San Gorgonio Pass thrust. We interpret that five earthquakes have occurred since 3.3-2.5 ka and eight earthquakes have likely occurred since 7.1-5.7 ka. It is possible that additional events may have occurred without being recognized, especially in the deeper section the stratigraphy, which was not fully exposed across the fault zone. We calculate an average recurrence interval of 380 - 640 yrs based on four complete earthquake cycles between earthquakes 1 and 5. The average recurrence interval is thus equivalent to or less than the elapsed time since the most recent event on the Banning strand. The recurrence interval is similar to the San Gorgonio Pass (450-1850 years) but longer than that for the Mission Creek strand (~220 years).
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27

Mosher, Stephen. "P-Wave Study of the San Andreas Fault Near Parkfield, CA, from Ambient Noise Interferometry of Borehole Seismic Data." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35375.

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In this thesis, we investigate and develop the optimal data processing procedures necessary to recover Green’s functions for body waves propagating among a network of borehole seismometers near Parkfield, CA. Applying these procedures, we detect P-waves propagating among these stations, which allows us to produce a first-order crustal velocity model for the San Andreas Fault in the Parkfield region. We also discuss under what conditions body wave phenomena such as reflections and mode conversions (P to S) may be observed, as further observing these would provide a dramatic improvement in our ability to characterize seismic velocity structures. Finally, we discuss the potential of seismic interferometry to produce time-lapse body wave characterizations of the San Andreas Fault, in which properties of the fault can be seen to change in time.
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28

Adiya, Munkhsaikhan. "Seismic activity near Ulannbaatar : implication for seismic hazard assessment." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH007/document.

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On observe depuis 2005 une sismicité intense à 10 km d'Oulan Bator ce qui a permis d'identifier une faille active, Emeelt, sur le terrain. Après le calcule d'un modèle de vitesse 3D, j'ai appliqué la tomographie double différence pour obtenir une localisation précise des séismes. Ils marquent au moins trois branches parallèles orientées N147° comme la faille vue en surface. L'activité sur la faille principale d'Emeelt (MEF) s’étend sur 15 km, les branches Ouest et Est, moins actives, sur 10 km. La profondeur de l'activité s'étend entre 4 et 15 km. L'activité sismique semble concentrée à l'intersection avec des failles Mésozoïques et les contrastes Vs/Vs suggèrent la présence de fluides. Les 10 essaims identifiés montrent une activité croissante et une migration spatiale avec le temps. Le calcul de 2 scénarios possibles, un M ~ 6.4 et un M ~ 7, indique un important impact sur la ville d'Oulan Bator, avec une intensité minimum de VIII et localement IX pour M=6.4 et X pour M=7
We observe since 2005 a high seismic activity at 10 km from Ulaanbaatar that allowed us to identify a new active fault, Emeelt, in the field. After computing a 3D velocity model, I applied Double-Difference tomography to obtain a precise localization of earthquakes. They trace at least three parallel branches oriented N147° like the fault seen at surface. The seismic activity on the Main Emeelt Fault (MEF) is along at least 15 km, on the West and East branches, less active, along 10 km. The depth of the seismicity extends between 4 and 15 km. The activity seems concentrated at the intersection with Mesozoic faults and Vp/Vs contrast suggests the presence of fluids. The 10 swarms identified show an increasing activity and a spatial migration with time. The calculation of 2 possible scenarios, one M ~ 6.4 and one M ~ 7, shows an important impact on Ulaanbaatar, with a minimum intensity of VIII and IX for M=6.4 and X for M=7
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29

Drukpa, Dowchu. "Imaging the Main Frontal Thrust in Southern Bhutan using high-resolution near-surface geophysical techniques : implications for tectonic geomorphology and seismic hazard assessment." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT101/document.

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Des études récentes menées dans la région de Sarpang au sud du centre du Bhoutan estiment un taux de glissement Holocène de 20,8 +/- 8,8 mm/an sur le chevauchement frontal himalayen (TFT). Cette valeur est basée sur un taux de surrection moyen mesuré de 8,8 +/- 2,1 mm/an et en supposant pour ce chevauchement un pendage constant de 25° +/- 5°. La géométrie des failles est un paramètre clé dans l’estimation de la vitesse de glissement et donc dans l’évaluation de l’aléa sismique. Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons utilisé une approche géophysique de proche surface afin d’estimer précisément la géométrie de ce chevauchement.Nous avons déployé des profils géophysiques dans trois sites clés le long de la frontière sud du Bhoutan. La première zone d'étude se trouve à Sarpang, une petite ville située au centre du Bhoutan où nous avons effectué des mesures gravimétriques, sismiques et électriques. Le deuxième site est situé à Phuentsholing dans le sud-ouest du Bhoutan, où nous avons effectué des mesures gravimétriques et de résistivité électrique. Le troisième site est situé entre Sarpang et Phuentsholing, à Lhamoizingkha dans le district de Dagana.Excepté pour la région de Lhamoizingkha, une approche d'inversion stochastique a été adoptée pour analyser des données géophysiques collectées. Contrairement aux approches couramment utilisées basées sur la recherche du modèle le plus simple, les principaux avantages de cette approche sont sa capacité (1) à mieux estimer la géométrie des zones de discontinuité car aucun lissage n'est appliqué, (2) à fournir une mesure des incertitudes sur le pendage obtenu et (3) à permettre une analyse des relations possibles entre les propriétés géométriques et celles du milieu (résistivité électrique, vitesse ou densité).Les résultats d'inversion stochastique du site de Sarpang montrent un TFT qui se caractérise par une géométrie en plat-rampe-plat avec un pendage vers le nord d'environ 20°-30° dans la partie la plus superficielle (profondeur < 5 m), un pendage fort de 70° entre 5 m et 40 m de profondeur et un l'aplatissement avec un pendage de 20° au-delà de 40 m. Ces nouveaux résultats nous permettent d'estimer un taux minimal de glissement de 10 +/- 2 mm/an sur le TFT, soit environ 60% des 17 mm/an associés au taux de convergence GPS moyen obtenu en champ lointain. Sur la base de ces contraintes, il apparait donc qu’on ne puisse pas exclure la possibilité que la déformation soit distribuée sur plusieurs failles, comprenant le TFT, mais également d’autres chevauchements comme le MBT (au nord) ou le FBT (au sud). De plus, en supposant un taux de glissement constant, les variations de pendage obtenues induisent des variations du taux de surrection en fonction de la distance au TFT. Cela souligne les faiblesses des hypothèses couramment faites pour estimer les taux de glissement Holocène sur les failles sismogènes : (1) pendage constant estimé uniquement à partir des observations de surface et (2) estimations du taux de surrection en supposant une surrection identique pour une terrasse fluviale donnée.Contrairement à Sarpang, à Phuentsholing le TFT correspond au chevauchement frontal himalayen (MFT). Sur ce site, l’étude préliminaire que nous avons menée suggère un MFT ayant une géométrie de faille listrique. Des mesures de datations doivent maintenant être effectuées pour estimer le taux de glissement sur le MFT dans cette zone. Dans la région de Lhamoizingkha, l'emplacement exact du MFT n'est pas connu. Nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent une géométrie complexe de la trace de la faille en surface et indiquent que le MFT est situé plus au nord de la ligne de résistivité déployée dans cette zone. À l'instar du site de Phuentsholing (mais contrairement à Sarpang), nous avons observé que le MFT était la structure la plus frontale et que l’essentiel de la convergence dans cette zone pouvait être accommodé par le MFT, comme semble le suggérer les observations GPS
Recent studies based on surface observations from Sarpang area in southern-central Bhutan have estimated the Holocene slip rate of 20.8+/-8.8 mm/year. This value is based on a mean vertical uplift rate of 8.8+/-2.1 mm/year and assuming a constant frontal thrust dip angle of 25°+/-5° extrapolated from structural measurements. Since geometry of the fault is a key parameter for discerning the slip rate and its associated seismic hazard assessment, we employed near-surface geophysical approach to accurately constrain the Topographic Frontal Thrust (TFT) geometry at shallow depth. Based on proven effectiveness of near-surface geophysical techniques for studying active faults, we adopted gravity, seismic and electrical resistivity tomography.We deployed geophysical profiles at three key sites along the southern frontal areas of the Bhutan Himalayas. The first study area is in Sarpang, a small town located in southern-central Bhutan where we performed all three geophysical methods adopted. The second site is located in Phuentsholing in the south-western Bhutan, where we performed gravity and electrical resistivity survey. The third site is located between Sarpang and Phuentsholing, in the sub-district of Lhamoizingkha under Dagana district.A stochastic inversion approach was adopted to perform analysis of geophysical data collected from the above sites expect for Lhamoizingkha area. Unlike commonly used approaches based on search for the simplest model, the main advantages of this approach include its ability (1) to assess the fault geometry because no smoothing is applied, (2) to provide a measurement of the uncertainties on the obtained dip angle and (3) to allow trade-off analysis between geometric and either electrical resistivity, velocity or density properties.The stochastic inversion results from Sarpang site show a TFT that is characterized by a flat and listric-ramp geometry with a north dipping dip angle of ca 20°-30° at the upper depth of 0-5 m, steeply dipping angle of 70° in the middle 5-40 m depth and flattening with a dip angle of 20° at deeper depths. These new results allow us to estimate a minimum overthrusting slip rate of 10+/-2 mm/year on the TFT, which is about 60% of the far-field GPS convergence rate of ca 17 mm/year. Based on these constraints we propose that, in Sarpang site, significant deformation partitioning on different faults including the TFT, the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) and the Frontal Back Thrust (FBT) cannot be ruled out. More importantly, assuming a constant slip rate, the dip angle variations constrained from the present study, corresponds to variations in the uplift rate with distance from the TFT. This, therefore, emphasizes the drawbacks in assuming constant dip angle measured from surface observations and uplift rate estimates based on terrace dating only at the front, which may significantly bias the slip rate estimation.Unlike in Sarpang, the TFT corresponds to the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT) in Phuentsholing. At this site a preliminary study suggests a MFT characterized by a flat and listric-ramp geometry. With additional terrace dating information, slip rate for the Phuentsholing area will be performed in a near future. Overall based on the stochastic inversion results, we propose a MFT geometry similar to that observed in Sarpang but with possible lateral variations in terms of deformation partitioning. In Lhamoizingkha area, the exact location of the MFT is not known. Our preliminary results suggest a complex fault trace and indicate that the MFT is located further north of the current resistivity line deployed in this area. Similar to Phuentsholing site (but contrary to Sarpang), we observed that the MFT is the most frontal structure and therefore most of the convergence in the area could be accommodated by the MFT, which is also in agreement with GPS observations
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30

Erdogan, Burcu. "Simple Models For Drift Estimates In Framed Structures During Near-field Earthquakes." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608699/index.pdf.

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Maximum interstory drift and the distribution of this drift along the height of the structure are the main causes of structural and nonstructural damage in frame type buildings subjected to earthquake ground motions. Estimation of maximum interstory drift ratio is a good measure of the local response of buildings. Recent earthquakes have revealed the susceptibility of the existing building stock to near-fault ground motions characterized by a large, long-duration velocity pulse. In order to find rational solutions for the destructive effects of near fault ground motions, it is necessary to determine drift demands of buildings. Practical, applicable and accurate methods that define the system behavior by means of some key parameters are needed to assess the building performances quickly instead of detailed modeling and calculations. In this study, simple equations are proposed in order for the determination of the elastic interstory drift demand produced by near fault ground motions on regular and irregular steel frame structures. The proposed equations enable the prediction of maximum elastic ground story drift ratio of shear frames and the maximum elastic ground story drift ratio and maximum elastic interstory drift ratio of steel moment resisting frames. In addition, the effects of beam to column stiffness ratio, soft story factor, stiffness distribution coefficient, beam-to-column capacity ratio, seismic force reduction factor, ratio of pulse period to fundamental period, regular story height and number of stories on elastic and inelastic interstory drift demands are investigated in detail. An equation for the ratio of maximum inelastic interstory drift ratio to maximum elastic interstory drift ratio developed for a representative case is also presented.
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31

Chiang, Fa-jen, and 姜沷任. "Near-fault Effect on Seismically Isolated Bridge." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55340931437302641436.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
90
The concept of seismic isolation design is to elongate the period of structure in order to reduce the response of whole system. In 921 Chi-chi earthquake, however, it exists so called near-fault earthquake characteristics which enlarge the response of middle to long period structures and may induce exceeding expectations of earthquake load. By using SAP 2000 program, this thesis constructed a seismic isolation designed bridge model to study the near-fault earthquake’s influence on seismically isolated bridge. The model is checked its linear behavior from ambient vibration test and force vibration test and non-linear behavior from log of earthquake data by set-up sensors. After ascertaining the accuracy of model, it was performed to simulated different site acceleration history, and had the results that near-fault earthquake can make seismically isolated bridge to over-loading. On the other hand, the thesis discussed the effect of shear key and abutment. Additional dampers and other unseating device are simulated to suggest some method for seismically isolated bridge under near-fault earthquake.
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32

Chen, Zhi-Zong, and 陳志宗. "Response Characteristics of Near-fault Ground Motions." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/trzfz6.

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33

Pei-YunWu and 吳沛芸. "Relationship between fault slip to the ambient noise from near fault zone stations." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4jqceq.

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碩士
國立成功大學
資源工程學系
104
Fault is one of the discontinuities geological structure. At different underground structure may have different site effect show within the seismic wave. The purpose of this research is to find the relationship between small scale fault slip to the variation of ambient noise in eastern Taiwan. There is two sections within this study. First section is to find the differences of the ambient noise at near and far fault stations. It shows that (1) 0-2 Hz noise effects mainly controlled by meteorological factors; (2) Site effect may obviously response to 5 Hz noise when local earthquake wave arrives at a small incident angle relative to the strike of the fault; (3) Noise of 2.5-4.5 Hz ＆ 5.5-25 Hz is associated with anthropogenic activity, therefore, the noise dose not demonstrate the same characteristic pattern within the six stations. Second section is using HVSR method to analyze the impact of resonance frequency when fault slip direction changed. This section shows that (1) there is no relationship between the fault slip direction change to the resonance frequency under small time scale (in weeks); (2) To a larger time scale (more than two weeks), the resonance frequency at the station FULB would fluctuate immediately when the fault slip direction changed sudden after a long time stable period (1-3 months); (3) To a larger scale, the resonance frequency at the station ENLB would drop down when the fault slip direction changed continuously; (4) The effect of ambient noise only found at limited distance for displacement parallel to the fault.
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34

Wang, Yi-Chen, and 王逸塵. "Analysis of Nonlinear Spectra of Near Fault Earthquake." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19258736362371858638.

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35

Yu-HsiangCheng and 鄭宇翔. "Seismic design of coupled walls under near-fault earthquakes." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32mf4t.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系
105
Near-fault ground motions, which have caused much more damages than far-field earthquakes in recent major earthquakes, are characterized by a short-duration impulsive motion that exposes the structure to high input energy at the beginning of the record. A coupled wall structure consists of two or more structural walls linked by coupling beams. It is able to provide efficient lateral strength and stiffness, which effectively reduces the drift response of buildings under earthquakes. The current design method of coupled structural walls can only applied to the far-field earthquake. It does not consider the structural behavior under the near-fault earthquake. Based on the performance-based design method of coupled structural walls proposed by Wei-Ting Lu (2013), this study combines the design parameters of coupled structural walls under the near-fault earthquake and proposed lateral load patterns considering the near-fault effect, a near-fault performance-based design method is developed. In the study, twelve coupled structural walls are designed with two height, two coupling ratio and three design methods. Their computational models are also built and analyzed using nonlinear static procedure and nonlinear dynamic procedure. According to the analysis results, the coupled structural walls proposed in the study are able to exhibit satisfactory structural yielding mechanisms and present a good energy dissipation activity. Compare with other design methods mentioned in this study, the near-fault performance-based design methods can reduce the deformation of the structure effectively, and prevent the structural wall from a larger rotation in the high floor.
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36

JIANG, ZHANG-DE, and 江貞德. "Design of Near-Field Antennas for RF Cable Fault Detection." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wj48tw.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
光電與通訊工程研究所
106
In this thesis, the study focuses on the near-field reader antennas for RF cable fault detection. There are three ways to design and divide in three chapters. The first one is a bending loop antenna, and the second is a coupled segmented loop antenna, last one is the dual band loop antenna which can be used in near-field reader. In the first antenna, it increases magnetic field via bending loop and lets size of antenna compact and control current flows in the same direction and let current null points above antenna that generate uniform and strong magnetic field. In the second antenna, coupled segmented loop antenna choosing full-wave resonance to design. The strong and uniform magnetic field characteristic due to the current in the same direction. In the third antenna, the dual-band loop antenna adopting pair half-wave loop antenna and generates resonant frequencies in two fundamental modes. Finally, there are magnetic field of two fundamental modes on the antenna and will discuss and analysis about fault detection of RF cable. Details of the measured and simulated results of the proposed near-field antenna are presented and discussed.
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37

Xu, Xiao Qing. "Effectiveness of dampers in response of structures to near-fault earthquakes." Thesis, 2006. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/9074/1/MR20736.pdf.

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Using the nonlinear dynamic analysis program DRAIN-2DX, a detailed investigation for a one-story single-degree-of-freedom steel moment-resistant frame and a ten-story multi-degree-of-freedom steel moment-resistant frame with and without added dampers is performed. Three types of dampers - friction damper, viscoelastic damper and fluid viscous damper - are investigated. Comparisons of each damper under far-fault and near-fault ground motions are carried out. It is found that, when subjected to the same peak acceleration of ground motion, the dynamic responses of all damped structures under near-fault earthquakes with high pulse-type velocity are generally stronger than those under far-fault earthquakes. Moreover, from the energy point of view, comparison of effectiveness of different dampers subjected to earthquakes is performed. It is found that the friction-damped structure is relatively more effective than the other two dampers when subjected to selected earthquake records. However, the difference in the effectiveness among the three dampers is not large, which shows that all three types of dampers can be used to mitigate structural dynamic response effectively.
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38

Liu, Ming-Feng, and 劉銘峯. "A ClOsed-Form Approximation Analysis Of Near-fault Ground Motion Pulses." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14475667699619622389.

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碩士
逢甲大學
土木及水利工程所
93
In 1999, the devastaking Chi-Chi earthquake occurred in Taiwan and in that event, many strong earthquakes were recorded by the central weather Bureau of Taiwan. Among them are many near-fault earthquake data with long period and high acceleration in characteristics . By choosing some of these near-fault earthquake data which are less than 6 kilometers form the fault, and by using the three pulse types (type A,B,C) proposed by Makris and decaying sinusoidal pulse type proposed by A.K.Agrawal , this study has done the following research works. First, constructed the elastic response spectra-displacement, pseudo velocity and pseudo acceleration- of the choosen time history. Second, derived the closed-form solutions of response of SDOF systems to the approximate aforementioned 4 types of pulses representing the corresponding earthquake data. The response spectra were also obtained for those 4 types of pulses. After comparing the researched results, the following conclusions can be made. The ground motions are more like pulses if the records are taken more close to the fault. The displacement response spectra obtained by the approximate pulse are in good agreement with those obtained by the real time history simulation. Therefore the theory proposed by Makris & A.K.Agrawal are proven to be applicable to the near-fault earthquakes.
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39

Chen, Chun-Chi, and 陳俊吉. "the research of response of near fault in strong ground motion." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46890190538348668330.

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40

Chang, Cheng-Lin, and 張正霖. "Effects of Near-Fault Ground Motions on Hysteretic Seismic Isolation System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73428312149375981512.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
104
The concept of seismic isolation design method has been accepted as an effective method for the seismic mitigation. However, to design a seismic isolation system against near-fault ground motions has been an important and challenging issue in seismic isolation design. In this study, it is an attempt to identify the effect of various characteristics of near-fault ground motion in affecting the seismic response of isolation system. These important characteristics may include but not limited to the velocity pulse, incremental velocity, peak ground velocity, pulse period, input energy, and momentary input energy. For so doing, 10 far-field ground motions and 30 near-fault ground motions provided by Jack. W. Baker identified based on the wavelet analysis are used for this analytical study. A simple bi-linear base isolation system is assumed and nonlinear response history analysis is conducted to identify the importance of the aforementioned characteristics of near-fault ground motions. The results indicate that peak ground velocity (PGV), incremental velocity, and momentary input energy may be the significant characteristics of near-fault ground motions in affecting the seismic response of isolation system. In addition, the duration of velocity pulse extracted from the original ground motion may also play an important role. However, further study is required to ascertain the importance of the residual ground velocity history after the velocity pulse extraction.
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41

LIU, ZHE-RUI, and 劉哲瑞. "An Investigation of Velocity Pulse Period of Near-Fault Ground Motions." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yk2x37.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
105
Near-fault ground motions containing velocity pulses have been considered to be more destructive than far-field ground motions to structures. In 2007, Jack.W. Baker proposed a method, based on wavelet analysis, to quantitatively identify velocity pulses of near-fault ground motions. In 2014, Shahi and Baker developed a more reliable method by optimizing some criteria to extract the largest velocity pulse from a given near-fault ground motion. The proposed algorithm was then used to classify each record in the NGA-West2 database and has identified a total of 244 near-fault ground motion records. These records have been used as the basis for the research on the effects of near-fault ground motions on civil infrastructures. Based on the concept of structural resonance, the velocity pulse period (Tp) of a near-fault ground motion deduced from wavelet analysis is recognized to possess a great damage potential to structures if the structural fundamental period is coincident with the velocity pulse period. However, in this study it has been found that the pulse periods identified by Shahi and Baker method for near-fault ground motions tend to be much longer than the fundamental period of usual practical civil engineering structures, e.g. the pulse period of TCU052EW of 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake was identified to be approximately 12 seconds. This long period pulse may not be destructive to the usual civil infrastructures. As a consequence, the criteria proposed by Shahi and Baker was modified to extract different velocity pulses with different periods from a single near-fault ground motion so that the effect of velocity pulses can be examined more clearly. Two simple bi-linear hysteretic systems including a conventional earthquake-resistant structure and a base-isolated system are adopted for nonlinear response history analysis. Based on this study, it is found that a near-fault ground motion may contain a number of velocity pulses with different periods. Some velocity pulses show much larger damage potential than the one extracted based on Shahi and Baker’s criteria for the same near-fault ground motion. Therefore, it is suggested that the velocity pulses covered by a pulse period range should be used as a basis for exploring the damage potential of a near-fault ground motion. The damage potential of a near-fault ground motion should not be characterized by only a single velocity pulse with a particular period.
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42

anggraini, Irene, and Irene anggraini. "Investigation of the Near-fault Earthquake Effect for a River Bridge." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/z22542.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
106
Earthquake ground motion takes important part in representing the strength of the earthquake. Near-fault ground motion has significant effect on the response of the structure. Hence, the purpose of this research is to investigate the safety status of a bridge based on probability of exceedance subjected to both near-fault ground motion and far-field ground motion excitations. In order to present the accuracy of the result, fragility curve will be used as probability approaches. A highway bridge located in Changhua County was selected in this study. Non-linear time history is performed to obtain the structure performance under different PGA values. The fragility curve is constructed from calculating of displacement ductility from the response of time history analysis. The results show that fitting ground motions based on a design response spectrum may be an unsuitable approach. However, structural performances under normalized PGA values give a significant difference between near and far-field ground motions.
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43

Hsieh, Yao-An, and 謝曜安. "A Study of Building Responses to Near-Fault Ground Motions (I)." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3xn939.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
106
Velocity pulses and significant incremental velocities contained in near fault ground motions have been recognized as the primary reason for the severe damage to structure. John Hall et al. (1995) has also attributed the damage of a flexible building structure to the displacement pulse contained in the near fault ground motions. However, the indexation and quantification of near fault ground motions with regard to their damaging effects remain for further research. Baker (2007) has adopted the wavelet analysis, as an attempt to quantify the damaging characteristics of near fault ground motions, to identify the velocity pulse period. However, some extracted velocity pulses possess extraordinary long period and has no significant influence to seismic responses of structure. Comparing the seismic structural responses to the original near fault ground motions and the extracted ground motions, it is found that some extracted waveforms cannot well represent the damaging potential of near fault ground motions. Therefore, in this study the extraction of wavelet from near fault ground motions is conducted with the verification of the damaging effect of extracted waveforms to 5 story, 10 story and 20 story moment resisting frames. The three MRFs possess three distinct natural periods so that the pulse periods of near fault ground motion may be examined in sight. In addition, Hilbert Huang transform is also employed to further validate the extraction of wavelet from near fault ground motions.
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44

Tseng, Yi-Hao, and 曾繹豪. "Effects of Near-Fault Ground Motion Characteristics on Seismic Isolation Systems." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zke9sz.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
107
The damage potential of near-fault ground motions to structures, in particular the flexible structures such as seismically isolated structures and high-rise buildings, may be much more than that of far-field ground motions. In 1971, Mahin and Bertero discovered that the “maximum incremental velocity” could be one of the indices to well represent the damage potential of near-fault ground motions. In 1995, John Hall et al. showed that the displacement pulse contained in the near fault ground motions could also be another index demonstrating damage potential of near fault ground motions. Considering the two important findings, this study is conducted with an intension to investigate the significance of a parameter which is composed of the maximum incremental velocity (MIV) and the duration of maximum incremental velocity (TIV). The MIV is multiplied by TIV as an index for the seismic response demand on isolation systems by near fault ground motions. For design purpose of isolation system against near-fault ground motions, the current isolation design specifications generated from equivalent linear analysis are examined for their accuracy and appropriateness in predicting the seismic responses of isolation system subject to near fault ground motions. Maximum seismic responses obtained from various equivalent linear models using linear dynamic analysis are compared with those determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis. In addition, maximum responses predicted using iterative static analysis as employed by current seismic isolation design codes are used to compare with the results from nonlinear dynamic analysis so that the damping reduction factor can then be examined for its appropriateness.
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45

Huang, Chih-Chun, and 黃智群. "Performance Assessment of Bridges with Foundation Exposure under Near-fault seismic Demand." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50897781386315077265.

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碩士
國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
105
The research focuses on the issue which was the multiple span bridge which located at the middle and downstream quickly faced flood and earthquake that kind of multiple disasters in Taiwan. The problem came out that the bridge scoured by the riverbed, the foundation of the bridge exposed and then made the stiffness and strength of the foundation decreased. Therefore, when the moment the near-fault ground motion happened, the structure of the bridge bear displacement hugely and faced unpredictable damage in very short time, and also illustrated of the seismic ability of the bridge substantial declined. The research undertook the seismic strength of bridge which was the situation of the exposed bridge under the near-fault ground motion by using the capacity spectrum approach to analysis the seismic ability of the exposed bride bent in different scour depth. The research analysis by the finite element model, using the soil spring to model the pressure of the pile of the soil, and model the bridge and pile to the two-degree-of-freedom. Next, through the two-degree-of-freedom system to get the strength which gained on the pile cap and cap beam, and then using the ratio of the lateral force for pushover analysis. In different scour depth, the pushover curve should transfer by capacity spectrum approach. From the research result, the limitation of the seismic ability would define that the bridge reached the damage-control limit or the pile reaches the serviceability limit, and to calculate the performance point to the peak ground acceleration, then by the performance-point ground acceleration to analysis the change of seismic ability. It could conclude that when the near-fault ground motion act on the bridge of exposed foundation, there was not significantly modified the depth of scour. Until the depth over crossed the critical scour depth, as the seismic performance of the pier was controlled by the pile, the performance point peak ground acceleration drop rapidly. The result showed the seismic ability declined significantly. The research compared the different style of exposed bridge in various ground motion, to explore the influence coefficient of near-fault ground motion by the different depth of scouring, and to understand the different recording will have the different performance-point ground acceleration and the influence coefficient of near-fault ground motion. However, both of the peak ground acceleration of performance point and the influence coefficient of near-fault ground motion would become closer by the developing of scour depth.
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46

Hsu, Yu-Chieh, and 許育傑. "Fragility Assessment of Circular Buildings Subjected to Pulse-like Near Fault Earthquakes." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/356vpg.

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碩士
國立金門大學
土木與工程管理學系碩士班
102
The circular buildings feature the appropriated plan for seismic resistance capacity. However, few researches conducted the circular buildings with the configuration of traditional earthen. This study focuses on the seismic resistance capacity of this building to develop the corresponding fragility curves. A three dimension model is developed to perform the nonlinear time history analysis. The maximum story drift ratios of the building serve as an indicator for the various damages. The maximum likelihood method is used to construct the fragility curves. The preparation of this research includes several objectives. The sensitivity of input ground motions relates to the responses of the circular buildings. The Bonet section reduction model and the Anastasopoulos nonlinear rocking soil spring affect the responses of the building. The pulse periods of pulse-like earthquakes correlated with the various damage states. The identified pulse periods in this study compared with previous researches. The dispersion of fragility curves of ground motion uncertainty compares with those of ATC58. The fragility curves proposed in this study can implement to the similar configuration of structures.
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47

Tsai, Meng-chun, and 蔡孟均. "A Study on the near-fault buildings with viscous dampers or BRBS." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73510766891391429929.

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碩士
逢甲大學
土木工程所
94
In recent years, strong-column-weak-beam structural systems have been widely used in design of tall buildings. For these systems, when strong earthquake comes, the weak beams may fail due to large deformation, but the strong columns can still function, holding the whole structure, and preventing it from collapse. From many valuable literatures and earthquake reports, it is not difficult to find that some buildings were damaged first from the upper portion of the buildings, because of the higher mode effects. With the aid of SAP2000 program and based on the newly issued seismic design code in Taiwan, this study designed 3-bay, 20&30-story buildings first. Then, proper viscous dampers or buckling restrained braces (BRBS) were installed in the buildings. Some near-fault earthquake data were chosen from Chi-Chi earthquake records and nonlinear seismic simulation were performed for the buildings, in order to achieve the goal of this study-to find the best arrangement of dampers or BRBS, such that the higher mode effects on the buildings can be mitigated. Simulation results were compared and studied. It is found that the higher mode effects, indeed, can be mitigated if the installed dampers or BRBS in the buildings can yield higher mode damping ratios for higher modes.
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48

Lin, Jin-Chyuarn, and 林今權. "The Structural Safety Evaluation and Rehabilitation Design for Building near the Fault." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99269480471175416393.

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碩士
淡江大學
土木工程學系
88
The "Gi-Gi Earthquake" and the "Gya- Yi Earthquake" occurred in 1999 brought a serious disaster to middle Taiwan. Since these two earthquakes are owing to the fault movement, those buildings near the fault are seriously damaged. It is then believed that those buildings near the fault should be designed to own higher earthquake resistance. Based on this background, this thesis investigates the possible disaster brings by the fault earthquake and examine those related regulations of the UBC code to upgrade the structural design for buildings near fault in Taiwan. The main contents investigated by this paper are: 1. Introduce the seismic characteristics, classification, engineering property, and the examination of possible disaster resulted from the earthquake due to fault. 2. Review UBC related regulations for structural design for buildings near faults, such as the near fault types, distance from the fault, near fault factors (i.e. Na, Nv), and investigate the corresponding literature in Taiwan. 3. Examine the common buildings defaults from the building failures due to the "Gi-Gi Earthquake" and the "Gya- Yi Earthquake". 4. Combine the structural analysis technique and the resistance evaluation regulated by Architecture & Building Research Institute, Ministry of Interior. Two cases are chosen to implement the seismic resistance evaluation and rehabilitation analysis.
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49

Ni, Chang Wan, and 張婉妮. "Effect of Near Fault Ground Motion on Structures with Frictional Seismic Isolators." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96668309945006913034.

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碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
營建工程系
89
Presently, there are thousands of base isolated structures constructed worldwide. The number of the isolated structures has been increasing rapidly in the last few years primarily due to the maturity of the isolation technology itself and also human awareness of earthquake risk. Some of these constructed cases were even subjected to real-live earthquakes and proved the effectiveness of the technology. However, very few of them were ever subjected to near-fault ground waves that possess very different characteristics and response spectra from those of far-field waves. These characteristics include large vertical accelerations, long-period pulse-like velocity waves and strong PGA values. It is for these reasons that even though the seismic isolation has been proven of being effective for protecting structures from far-field earthquakes, further studies on the safety and effectiveness of near-fault base isolation are still required. Especially, given the fact that a near-fault earthquake is usually accompanied by sever ground shaking and can easily become a fatal disaster. By using several sets of near-fault records collected from Chi-Chi earthquake that attacked Taiwan in 1999, this study investigates and compares the seismic behaviors of structures with sliding isolators, such as FPS, when subjected to near-fault and far-field earthquakes. It is shown that the effect of the vertical acceleration component of the near-fault waves on the response of a sliding isolated structure is insignificant unless the vertical component becomes extremely large and in resonance with the vertical frequency of the superstructure. However, the horizontal displacement of the isolators and the horizontal acceleration of the superstructure can be considerably amplified by the pulse-like long-period wave possessed in most near-fault earthquakes. The conclusions drawn from this study will be helpful in modifying the design codes of near-fault seismic isolation. Strategy of mitigating the effect of long-period velocity waves and improving the effectiveness of near-fault isolation, such as using passive energy dissipation devices, low friction bearings or variable curvature isolators is also investigated.
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50

Prentice, Carol Seabury. "Earthquake Geology of the Northern San Andreas Fault Near Point Arena, California." Thesis, 1989. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/238/13/Prentice_cs_1989.pdf.

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The northern segment of the San Andreas fault last ruptured in 1906, producing the great San Francisco earthquake. This study involves the collection and interpretation of geologic data from the segment of the northern San Andreas fault near Point Arena, California, to determine the recurrence interval and slip rate of this segment of the fault.

Holocene sediments deposited on an alluvial fan preserve a record of prehistoric earthquakes near Point Arena, California. Excavations into the fan provided exposures of the sediments across the San Andreas fault zone. At least five earthquakes were recognized in the section. All of these occurred since the deposition of a unit that is approximately 2000 years old. Because deposition in this setting was intermittent and deposition of younger units involved the erosion of underlying units, it is likely that events occurred that were not recorded in the section. Radiocarbon dating of units in the section allows constraints to be placed on the dates of the earthquakes recognized. A buried Holocene (2356-2709 years old) channel has been offset a maximum of 64 ± 2 meters. This implies a maximum slip rate of 25.5 ± 2.5 mm/yr. These data suggest that the average recurrence interval for great earthquakes on this segment of the San Andreas fault is long - between about 200 and 400 years.

Offset marine terrace risers near Point Arena and an offset landslide near Fort Ross provide estimates of the average slip rate across the San Andreas fault since Late Pleistocene time. Near Fort Ross, a landslide has been offset approximately 1.7 km across the San Andreas fault. Radiocarbon analysis of charcoal from this deposit indicates that the landslide is older than 43,700 years. This implies a slip rate of less than 39 mm/yr. Correlation of two marine terrace risers across the San Andreas fault near Point Arena suggests offsets of approximately 1.5 and 2.5 km. The U-series age of a solitary coral, altitudinal spacing and correlation with known global high sea-level stands suggest ages of 83,000 and 133,000 years for these surfaces, indicating slip rates of about 18-19 mm/yr since Late Pleistocene time.

Tentative correlation of the Pliocene Ohlson Ranch Formation in northwestern Sonoma County with deposits 50 km to the northwest near Point Arena, provides piercing points to use in calculation of a Pliocene slip rate for the northern San Andreas fault. A fission-track age of 3.3 ± 0.8 Ma was determined for zircons separated from a tuff collected from the Ohlson Ranch Formation. The geomorphology of the region, especially of the two major river drainages, supports the proposed 50 km Pliocene offset. This implies a Pliocene slip rate of at least 12-20 mm/yr.

These rates for different time periods imply that the slip rate of the northern San Andreas fault has not changed by more than a factor of two since Pliocene time. The rates also imply that much of the Pacific-North American plate motion must be accommodated on other structures at this latitude.

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