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HANTIKAINEN, ESSI MARJATTA. "DIETARY NON ENZYMATIC ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES – AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/263728.
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ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the world. A diet containing high amounts of plant-based foods has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and the beneficial effect has been attributed to the antioxidants found in the foods. However, findings from randomized controlled trials on the role of antioxidant supplementation have been disappointing, reporting null results or even harmful effects. It has been suggested that antioxidants interact with each other to promote cardiovascular health. Therefore, the Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) assay has been proposed, which measures the antioxidant potential of different dietary sources considering interactions between them.
This thesis aimed to further clarify the effect of dietary antioxidants on the risk of cardiovascular diseases, with particular interest in measuring NEAC from diet. The specific aims were to prospectively study whether dietary NEAC is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure in subjects free from CVD or cancer. Four studies were conducted using data from two large Swedish cohorts. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
In the Swedish Women’s Lifestyle and Health Cohort (n = 45,882), a higher baseline dietary NEAC was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1: HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, p for trend < 0.05) and heart failure (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.93; p for trend < 0.05) in young to middle aged women, whereas no association was found between dietary NEAC and stroke. In the Swedish National March Cohort (n = 34,543), dietary NEAC was inversely associated with the risk of overall (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96; p for trend < 0.05) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56-0.92; p for trend < 0.05), but not with fatal myocardial infarction. The association seemed to further be stronger in women compared to men.
To conclude, these findings support the hypothesis that a diet with high NEAC might protect from the development of myocardial infarction and heart failure and that the beneficial effect might be exerted through interactions between antioxidants. Whether this is true for stroke needs to be further investigated. Nevertheless, it is suggested to implement high amounts of antioxidant rich foods and beverages, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and tea, in the daily diet to lower the burden of cardiovascular diseases.<br>ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of premature death and disability in the world. A diet containing high amounts of plant-based foods has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases and the beneficial effect has been attributed to the antioxidants found in the foods. However, findings from randomized controlled trials on the role of antioxidant supplementation have been disappointing, reporting null results or even harmful effects. It has been suggested that antioxidants interact with each other to promote cardiovascular health. Therefore, the Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) assay has been proposed, which measures the antioxidant potential of different dietary sources considering interactions between them.
This thesis aimed to further clarify the effect of dietary antioxidants on the risk of cardiovascular diseases, with particular interest in measuring NEAC from diet. The specific aims were to prospectively study whether dietary NEAC is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and heart failure in subjects free from CVD or cancer. Four studies were conducted using data from two large Swedish cohorts. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
In the Swedish Women’s Lifestyle and Health Cohort (n = 45,882), a higher baseline dietary NEAC was inversely associated with the risk of myocardial infarction (quintile 5 vs. quintile 1: HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.45-0.81, p for trend < 0.05) and heart failure (tertile 3 vs. tertile 1: HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43-0.93; p for trend < 0.05) in young to middle aged women, whereas no association was found between dietary NEAC and stroke. In the Swedish National March Cohort (n = 34,543), dietary NEAC was inversely associated with the risk of overall (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61-0.96; p for trend < 0.05) and non-fatal myocardial infarction (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56-0.92; p for trend < 0.05), but not with fatal myocardial infarction. The association seemed to further be stronger in women compared to men.
To conclude, these findings support the hypothesis that a diet with high NEAC might protect from the development of myocardial infarction and heart failure and that the beneficial effect might be exerted through interactions between antioxidants. Whether this is true for stroke needs to be further investigated. Nevertheless, it is suggested to implement high amounts of antioxidant rich foods and beverages, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and tea, in the daily diet to lower the burden of cardiovascular diseases.
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Barton, Randal L. "LINK ANALYSIS FOR THE NEAR EARTH ASTEROID PROSPECTOR." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609668.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The Near Earth Asteroid Prospector (NEAP) has a scheduled launch date between mid- 1999 and mid-2000, and will encounter a yet to be determined near Earth asteroid (1.1 - 2.2 AU distance from Earth) some ten months later [2]. The purpose of this mission is not only to collect valuable scientific and geological data, but to also determine the value of the asteroid’s materials for possible mining and exploitation [2], [3]. The purpose of this paper is to detail frequency allocation issues and to determine possible return (space to Earth) data rates associated with deep space communications with the NEAP spacecraft.
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Neal, Kerry Ann. "A confocal Fabry-Perot interferometer for use in LIDAR receivers." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/neal/NealK1209.pdf.
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A series of crop rotations were evaluated for their impacts on soil-borne populations of root lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus. Population changes, measured as the ratio of P. neglectus adults counted at harvest to those counted at planting time, was recorded under a series of two-year rotations alternating winter wheat with either fallow, barley, pea, lentil, canola, and camelina. Fallow, barley, pea, and camelina were found to have a neutral effect on nematode populations (p < 0.001). Winter wheat and canola caused significant increases in populations, while lentils caused significant decreases (p < 0.001). Populations were sustained through winter following winter wheat and barley, but not canola, camelina, pea, lentil, or fallow treatments (p < 0.001). In addition to the rotation study, cultivars of barley and canola were evaluated for their resistance to P. neglectus. Greenhouse trials for barley showed significant differences among 19 cultivars tested (p < 0.001), with a 5-fold difference in P. neglectus multiplication separating the least- from the most resistant. Separation among cultivars was not found with canola (p = 0.20). The information gathered in this study will help Montana wheat growers better understand the impacts of their crop selections on this important pest.
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Elliniadis, Panagiotis. "An investigation of near fields for HF shipboard antennas: surface PATCH and wire grid modeling using the Numerical Electromagnetics Code." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23280.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>The Numerical Electromagnetics Code (NEC) was used to evaluate the admittance, average power gain, and the electric near and far field of a monopole antenna mounted on a cubical box over a perfectly conducting ground plane. Two models of the box, employing surface patches and wire grids, were evaluated. The monopole was positioned at the center, the edge, and at a corner of the box's top surface. Admittance and average power gain of the antenna were calculated. NEC results were examined and compared with experimental data and with results from "PATCH", another independent electromagnetic modeling code. The near electric field was calculated for both models. Computer graphics techniques were presented for plotting NEC near field results using DISSPLA (Display Integrated Software System and Plotting Language), a commercial graphics package. Contour and 3-D amplitude, and phase plots of the near electric fields were presented. Radiation patterns were calculated to relate far field and near field behavior of the antenna. Surface patch and wire grid models are compared and conclusions were presented.<br>Naval Ocean Systems Center<br>http://archive.org/details/investigationofn00elli<br>O&MN, Direct Funding<br>Lieutenant, Hellenic Navy
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Santos, Juliana Paula Ferraz dos 1979. "Explorando o conceito de near miss em saúde perinatal = near miss neonatal = Exploring the concept of near in perinatal health: near miss neonatal." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312756.
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Orientador: José Guilherme Cecatti<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T11:44:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Santos_JulianaPaulaFerrazdos_M.pdf: 1715906 bytes, checksum: f5ae24f0025dda816672cb4f1b773f8c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Antecedentes: O conceito de near miss neonatal tem sido proposto como ferramenta para avaliação da qualidade da atenção aos recém-nascidos que sofreram alguma condição ameaçadora à vida. No entanto, não existem conceitos nem critérios internacionalmente aceitos que definam ou identifiquem esses casos de near miss. O objetivo do estudo é fazer uma revisão dos marcadores que possam identificar casos de near miss neonatal, bem como predizer a mortalidade neonatal. Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas nas bases de dados Pubmed, Embase e Scielo, sem restrição de período ou língua. Para isso foi utilizado o termo "neonatal near miss" isolado ou em associação com termos relativos à morbidade e mortalidade neonatais e aos escores de gravidade neonatal. A primeira etapa da seleção foi baseada no título, a segunda no resumo e a terceira no artigo completo. A seleção dos estudos e a extração de seus dados foram realizadas de forma independente por dois pesquisadores. O tipo dos dados não permitiu a realização de metanálise. Resultados: Pelos critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos, apenas 4 artigos foram selecionados. Prematuridade e asfixia perinatal foram utilizados como marcadores de near miss em todos os estudos. Observou-se que a razão de near miss neonatal foi entre 2.6 a 8 vezes maior que a de mortalidade neonatal. Conclusões: O desenvolvimento do conceito e critérios para o near miss neonatal parece ser uma ferramenta importante na avaliação dos cuidados prestados ao recém-nascido e o primeiro passo para se criar estratégias de manejo que contribuam na redução de mortalidade e de sequelas na vida futura dessas crianças<br>Abstract: Background: The concept of neonatal near miss has been proposed as a tool to assess the quality of care to neonates suffering any life-threatening condition. However, there are still no internationally accepted concepts or criteria to define or identify these cases of neonatal near miss. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review on markers that are able to identify cases of neonatal near miss and to predict neonatal mortality. Methods: Electronic searches were performed in the databases of Pubmed, Embase and Scielo, with no restriction of time period or language. For that, the term "neonatal near miss" was used alone or in association with terms related to neonatal morbidity and mortality and to the scores of neonatal severity. The first step of selection was based on the titles of articles, the second on their abstracts and the third on the full article. Two researchers independently performed the study selection and data extraction. The characteristics of data did not allow for proceeding with a metanalysis. Results: Using the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, only four articles were selected. Preterm and perinatal asphyxia were used as markers of near miss in all of them. It was observed that the neonatal near miss ratio was between 2.6 to 8 times higher than the neonatal mortality. Conclusions: The development of concept and criteria for neonatal near miss neonatal seems to be an important tool for the assessment of health care provided to neonates and the first step to build management strategies to contribute for decreasing mortality and sequelae in the future life of these children<br>Mestrado<br>Saúde Materna e Perinatal<br>Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
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McKinney, Douglas L. "Near real time VHF telemetry of near shore oceanographic data." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26099.
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Mogae, Kabelo. "Equiprime near-rings." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1028.
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Prior to 1990, the only well known ideal-hereditary Kurosh-Amitsur radicals in the variety of zero-symmetric near-rings were the Jacobson type radicals Iv(N) , where ∨∈{2,3} and the Brown-McCoy radical. In 1990, Booth, Groenewald and Veldsman introduced the concept of an equiprime near-ring which leads to an ideal-hereditary Kurosh-Amitsur radical in N∘. The concept of an equiprime near-ring generalizes the concept of a prime ring to near-rings. Although the search for more ideal-hereditary radicals of near-rings was apparently the original motivation for the introduction of equiprime near-rings, it became clear that these near-rings are interesting in their own right. It is our aim in this treatise to give an exposition of the many interesting properties of equiprime near-rings. We begin with a brief reminder of near-ring rudiments; giving basic definitions and elementary results which are necessary for understanding and development of subsequent chapters. With the basics out of the way, our main task begins with a consideration of equiprime, strongly and completely equiprime left ideals. It is noted that any zero-symmetric near-ring can be embedded in an equiprime near-ring. Moreover, the class of equiprime near-rings is shown to be hereditary. Open questions arising out of the study of equiprime near-rings are highlighted along the way. In Chapter 3 we consider well known examples of near-rings and determine when such near-rings are equiprime. This provides more insight into the nature of equiprime near-rings and is a fertile ground for the birth of examples and counterexamples which may be used to close or solve some open question within the literature. We also prove some results which generalize some results of Booth and Hall [10] and Veldsman [29]. These results have not been previously presented elsewhere to the best of our knowledge. vii In Chapter 4, the equiprime near-rings are shown to yield an ideal-hereditary radical in N∘. It is shown that a special radical theory can be built on the equiprime nearrings in much the same way prime rings are used in ring theory to define special radical classes of rings.
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Samadi, Samira. "Near-optimal Herding." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50167.
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Herding is an algorithm of recent interest in the machine learning community, motivated by inference in Markov random fields. It solves the following Sampling Problem: given a set Χ \subset R^d with mean μ, construct an infinite sequence of points from Χ such that, for every t ≥ 1, the mean of the first t points in that sequence lies within Euclidean distance O(1/t) of μ. The error of a solution to Sampling Problem is defined to be the distance between the empirical mean of the first t samples and the original mean μ.
The O(1/t) error bound suppresses the dependence on d and Χ. In this thesis, we study the best dependence on d and |Χ| that can be achieved for the error in Sampling Problem. Known analysis of the Herding algorithm give an error bound that depends on geometric properties of Χ but, even under favorable conditions, this bound depends linearly on d.
We first show that any algorithm for the Sampling Problem must have error Ω(√d/t). Afterward, we present a new polynomial-time algorithm that solves the Sampling Problem with error O(√d log^2.5|Χ|/t) assuming that Χ is finite. This implies that our algorithm is optimal to within logarithmic factors. Finally, we prove that the actual error of the Herding Algorithm is strictly worse than the error of our algorithm if we measure the error in the infinity-norm. Our algorithm is randomized and based on recent algorithmic results in discrepancy theory. We implement our algorithm and other potential solutions for the Sampling Problem and evaluate them on various inputs.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Computer Science, Department of<br>Graduate
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Siehler, Jacob A. "Near-Group Categories." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26962.
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We consider the possibility of semisimple tensor categories whose fusion rule includes exactly one noninvertible simple object, so-called near-group categories. Data describing the fusion rule is reduced to an abelian group G and a nonnegative integer k. Conditions are given, in terms of G and k, for the existence or nonexistence of coherent associative structures for such fusion rules (ie, solutions to MacLane's pentagon equation). An explicit construction of matrix solutions to the pentagon equations is given for the cases where we establish existence, and classification of the distinct solutions is carried out partially. Many of these associative structures also support (braided) commutative and tortile structures and we indicate when the additional structures are possible. Small examples are presented in detail suitable for use in computational applications.<br>Ph. D.
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Dempster, Michaux. "Damn Near Perfect." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/45.
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Damn Near Perfect is the first section of the second draft of a novel. It is a romance and a coming-of-age story, about an conservatively raised young man, Reese McEwan. On a Mardi Gras visit to Louisiana, Reese falls in love with Noel Guillory, a bisexual poet finishing her last year at Louisiana State University. Reese also dreams of becoming a woodworker, and wants to serve as an apprentice at his family's furniture workshop; his parents oppose this wish and his relationship with Noel. From an affluent, Protestant background, Reese is a senior at Hampden-Sydney College, one of the last all male colleges in the U.S. He has been raised to take for granted his culture's very traditional, conservative values, and at the opening of the book has met with nothing to dispute these ideas. During the course of the novel, Reese abandons his education and traditional lifestyle. Because of his fascination with Noel and how she lives her life, he tries to become a part of her world, to his and her cost, and possibly to their benefit. Most of the novel is set in Baton Rouge, where Noel is finishing school at LSU, and where Reese goes to pursue her. The year is 1992. This first section is one hundred and four pages long, and covers the time from the beginning of Reese's visit to Louisiana, to when he goes back to school in Virginia. The second section, of about fifty pages or less, will cover his time back at college; until he decides to abandon his pursuit of a college degree and move to Baton Rouge permanently, in order to be with Noel and pursue a new career in woodworking. The final section, about one hundred pages in length, will cover Reese's attempts to build a relationship with Noel, and his frustrations with her much more liberal view of what a dating relationship should be.Damn Near Perfect explores how we decide who we will to grow up to be; what kind of relationship we want, what kind of person makes us happy, and what kind of person, in turn, we can make happy. It is about staking our claims to fulfillment - in love, work, and family, and about what our claims sometimes cost us.
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Dehaven, Ryan Swords. "Smarter NEAT Nets." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1024.
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This paper discusses a modification to improve usability and functionality of a ge- netic neural net algorithm called NEAT (NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topolo- gies). The modification aims to accomplish its goal by automatically changing parameters used by the algorithm with little input from a user. The advan- tage of the modification is to reduce the guesswork needed to setup a successful experiment with NEAT that produces a usable Artificial Intelligence (AI). The modified algorithm is tested against the unmodified NEAT with several different setups and the results are discussed. The algorithm shows strengths in some areas but can increase the runtime of NEAT due to the addition of parameters into the solution search space.
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Phan, Vu T. "Near fault (near field) ground motion effects on reinforced concrete bridge columns /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/dissertations/fullcit/1433102.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005.<br>"August, 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-78). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Cheak, Seck Fai. "Detecting near-UV and near-IR wavelengths with the FOVEON Image Sensor /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FCheak.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Combat Systems Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, Dec. 2004.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Gamani Karunasiri, Richard C. Olsen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-60). Also available online.
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Vasilev, Krasimir. "Fluorophores near metal interfaces." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975649205.
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Kortvedt, Henning Siitonen. "Securing Near Field Communication." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-8972.
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<p>Near Field Communication (NFC) specifies a standard for a wireless communication protocol enabling data transfer by keeping two devices close together, about 10 cm maximum. NFC is designed for integration with mobile phones, which can communicate with other NFC phones (peer-to-peer) or read information on tags and cards (reader). An NFC device can also be put in card emulation mode, to offer compatibility with other contactless smart card standards. This enables NFC devices to replace traditional contactless plastic cards used in public transport ticketing, access control, ATMs and other similar applications. At the beginning of my work, there seemed to be no available security protocol for NFC. I therefore formed a hypothesis stating that NFC communication can be eavesdropped, with intention to present methods to secure the channel if needed. It should however turn out that ECMA has been working with a security protocol called NFC-SEC-01, which specifies a key agreement and secure channel protocol for NFC in peer-to-peer mode. My work does mainly focus on reader mode and card emulation mode, as I expect these to be the most interesting from a commercial point of view. This Masters thesis proves that it is possible to eavesdrop on NFC communication, and gives a thorough description of how this can be done using simple equipment and methods. The performed experiments show that the communication protocol does not offer any security in itself, and that transferred data can be picked up at a distance of approximately 20-30cm using an improvised antenna without any signal amplification or filtering circuitry. Using a proper radio receiver, this distance should increase significantly. As NFC in active communication mode has a far greater eavesdropping range than the passive mode, the latter should be preferred in typical banking and payment applications. A layered security model is presented to counterfeit the possible attacks against applications using NFC technology. This solution is meant to be an idea for a public NFC security framework. A publicly available security library would ease implementation of the desired security level when developing applications, and hopefully attract more applications to start using this technology instead of traditional plastic cards. This may save both cost and the environment, as plastic cards will be replaced by software implemented tokens. By introducing a common security protocol, cryptographic co processors can be implemented while manufacturing the devices. This will be more effective than implementing special software encryption for each application. The cryptographic mechanisms presented in my solution shall however work efficiently also for software implementations, which opens for a smooth transition period with coexisting applications using traditional contact based and contactless smart cards.</p>
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Müller, Markus, E. Persson, and Ingrid Rotter. "Resonance phenomena near thresholds." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-31696.
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The trapping effect is investigated close to the elastic threshold. The nucleus is described as an Open quantum mechanical many-body system embedded in the continuum of decay channels. An ensemble of compound nucleus states with both discrete and resonance states is investigated in an energy-dependent formalism. It is shown that the discrete states can trap the resonance ones and also that the discrete states can directly influence the scattering cross section.
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Moore, Catherine Venable. "Close Correspondences, Near Transmissions." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06202008-120648/.
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Summerfield, Stephen. "Near infrared fluorescence spectroscopy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10601.
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Fluorimetry in the very near infrared region ca. 600-1000nm is a new approach to photochemical analysis. The advantages include greatly reduced background fluorescence signals from important sample matrices (such as blood serum), reduced scattering, and reduced probability of sample decomposition. Also, the availability of low cost, efficient, stable and robust optical components (e.g. laser diodes and light emitting diodes), solid state detectors (e.g. single silicon photodiodes and diode arrays) and fibre optics, allows the construction of an inexpensive fluorimeter. In the near infrared region, there are some very bright fluorophores that can be adapted for use as fluorescent probes, labels for immunoassay, and as ion-pair agents. The advantageous performance of most types of fluorimetric analysis now undertaken In the ultraviolet and visible region of the spectrum may therefore be extended into the longer wavelength region. Excellent limits of detection are attainable, and some near infrared fluorophores show invaluable fluorescence probe properties, such as Nile Red. The most useful of the dye groups investigated were the phenoxazines and thiazines. Reactive derivatives of these dyes show great potential as fluorescent labels for Immunoassay. These dyes have also been used as probes due to their solvatochromism and sensitivity to pH.
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Sasavat, Peerasa. "Near-force-balance machining." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431870.
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Bello, K. A. "Near-infrared absorbing dyes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375504.
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Brungart, Douglas S. (Douglas Scott) 1972. "Near-field auditory localization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10047.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 246-253).<br>by Douglas S. Brungart.<br>Ph.D.
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Gralla, Samuel E., Alexandru Lupsasca, and Andrew Strominger. "Near-horizon Kerr magnetosphere." AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614950.
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We exploit the near-horizon conformal symmetry of rapidly spinning black holes to determine universal properties of their magnetospheres. Analytic expressions are derived for the limiting form of the magnetosphere in the near-horizon region. The symmetry is shown to imply that the black hole Meissner effect holds for free Maxwell fields but is generically violated for force-free fields. We further show that in the extremal limit, near-horizon plasma particles are infinitely boosted relative to accretion flow. Active galactic nuclei powered by rapidly spinning black holes are therefore natural sites for high-energy particle collisions.
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Vera-Sanchez, Ramon. "Near-symplectic 2n-manifolds." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10778/.
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We give a generalization of the concept of near-symplectic structures to 2n dimensions. According to our definition, a closed 2-form on a 2n-manifold M is near-symplectic, if it is symplectic outside a submanifold Z of codimension 3, where the (n-1)-th power of the 2-form vanishes. We depict how this notion relates to near-symplectic 4-manifolds and broken Lefschetz fibrations via some examples. We define a generalized broken Lefschetz fibration, or BLF, as a singular map with indefinite folds and Lefschetz-type singularities. We show that given such a map on a 2n-manifold over a symplectic base of codimension 2, then the total space carries such a near-symplectic structure, whose singular locus corresponds precisely to the singularity set of the fibration. A second part studies the geometry around the codimension--3 singular locus Z . We describe a splitting property of the normal bundle N_Z that is also present in dimension four. A tubular neighbourhood for Z is provided, which has as a corollary a Darboux-type theorem for near-symplectic forms.
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Müller, Markus, E. Persson, and Ingrid Rotter. "Resonance phenomena near thresholds." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 1995. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21996.
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The trapping effect is investigated close to the elastic threshold. The nucleus is described as an Open quantum mechanical many-body system embedded in the continuum of decay channels. An ensemble of compound nucleus states with both discrete and resonance states is investigated in an energy-dependent formalism. It is shown that the discrete states can trap the resonance ones and also that the discrete states can directly influence the scattering cross section.
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Estebe, Fritz. "The End Is Near." Thesis, Konstfack, Keramik & Glas, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7370.
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Poenicke, Andreas. "Unconventional Superconductivity near Inhomogeneities." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://digbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/volltexte/1000007522.
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Thornton, Josiah, and Josiah Thornton. "Generalized Near-Group Categories." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12450.
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We give an exposition of near-group categories and generalized near-group categories. We show that both have a pseudounitary structure. We complete the classification of braided near-group categories and discuss the inherent structures on both symmetric and modular generalized near-group categories.
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Dunn, Patrick. "Binary mixtures near surfaces." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4216.
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This paper presents an approach to modeling a binary mixture near a surf ace. The approach used is based on statistical mechanics. The Cluster Variation (CV) method is used to solve an Ising-like model with a cluster size of two (neighboring lattice points). The free energy of the system is expressed in terms of the probabilities of occurrences of particular clusters. The CV method is first developed for a homogeneous system which leads to a set of three non-linear partial differential equations. The surface boundary is then introduced and the CV method is developed for this system which leads to a set of seven non-linear partial differential equations for each layer. In the calculations, the Natural Iteration (NI) method is introduced as a method of solving these non-linear partial differential equations. The steps involved in implementing the NI method are outlined. The number of layers is chosen to be 32. Concentration profiles are calculated for the binary system using the NI method and the results are discussed.
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Nouri, Farnoosh Massoudian. "Electromagnetic aftereffects of near-death experiences." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9054/.
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The purpose of this quantitative study was first to investigate the comparative incidence of electromagnetic aftereffects (EMEs) during the past year among near-death experiencers (NDErs), people who experienced a close brush with death without an NDE (CBrs), and people who reported never having experienced a close brush with death (LCErs). The second purpose was to investigate a possible change in EME incidence among the three groups before and after a critical life event. The third purpose was to investigate the relationship between the reported overall depth and specific components of the subjective experiences of people who have had a close brush with death -- NDErs and CBrs -- and their reported incidence of EMEs. I used the Near-Death Experience Scale (Greyson, 1983), and developed the Close Brush with Death Question form, Life Changing Event Question form, and Electromagnetic Effects Questionnaire for this study. The final sample included 36 NDErs, 20 CBrs, and 46 LCErs. The results of this study firmly supported more reported problems with EM devices experienced by NDErs compared to CBrs or LCErs. Especially with respect to EM devices such as lights and cell phones, as well as the emotional state of individuals affecting EM devices, this study showed more reports of problems with these devices between before and after NDEs for NDErs compared to before and after a life changing event for LCErs. Moreover, findings of this study showed a correlation between the depth of NDEs and EMEs. This study has important implications for counselors working with NDErs. Findings from this study show that NDErs have a strong possibility of experiencing electromagnetic interferences when close to electromagnetic devices such as cell phones, computers, lights, and watches after their NDEs. This phenomenon can be a stressor in the lives of NDErs and their families and friends. As some participants in this study indicated, information about EMEs can reduce NDErs' stress. Thus, counselors can use information from this study to psychoeducate their NDEr clients and work with them to develop strategies to cope with EMEs, thereby hopefully reducing the stress of EME-related NDE aftereffects.
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Juglal, Shaanraj. "Prime near-ring modules and their links with the generalised group near-ring." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/714.
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In view of the facts that the definition of a ring led to the definition of a near- ring, the definition of a ring module led to the definition of a near-ring module, prime rings resulted in investigations with respect to primeness in near-rings, one is naturally inclined to attempt to define the notion of a group near-ring seeing that the group ring had already been defined and investigated into by, interalia, Groenewald in [7] . However, in trying to define the group near-ring along the same lines as the group ring was defined, it was found that the resulting multiplication was, in general, not associative in the near-ring case due to the lack of one distributive property. In 1976, Meldrum [19] achieved success in defining the group near-ring. How- ever, in his definition, only distributively generated near-rings were considered and the distributive generators played a vital role in the construction. In 1989, Le Riche, Meldrum and van der Walt [17], adopted a similar approach to that which led to a successful and fruitful definition of matrix near-rings, and defined the group near-ring in a more general sense. In particular, they defined R[G], the group near-ring of a group G over a near-ring R, as a subnear-ring of M(RG), the near-ring of all mappings of the group RG into itself. More recently, Groenewald and Lee [14], further generalised the definition of R[G] to R[S : M], the generalised semigroup near-ring of a semigroup S over any faithful R-module M. Again, the natural thing to do would be to extend the results obtained for R[G] to R[S : M], and this they achieved with much success.
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Grainger, Gary Ross. "Left modules for left nearrings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184480.
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Every ring has both left and right modules. In the theory of nearrings, only right modules are usually considered for left nearrings. The purpose of this report is to promote the study of an alternative type of nearring module. For left nearrings, these unusual modules are left modules. There are three reasons for studying left modules for left nearrings. These unusual nearring modules add an element of symmetry to the theory of nearrings. At the same time, comparing left and right modules of a left nearring illustrates how the theory of nearrings is distinct from ring theory. Finally, with two types of nearring modules, it is possible to carry over to nearring theory more concepts from ring theory; for example, duals of modules and bimodules. This report is an attempt to show that these reasons are valid. The first chapter is devoted to producing a well-reasoned definition for the unusual type of nearring module. It begins with a careful presentation of background material on nearrings, rings, and ring modules. This material is used to motivate the definitions for nearring modules, which are introduced in the third section. The second chapter is concerned with showing that the unusual type of nearring module can fit into the theory of nearrings. In the first section, several papers relevant to the study of these modules are summarized. The work of A. Frohlich on free additions is of primary importance. General construction methods for both types of nearring modules are then described. Finally, some general properties of left modules of left nearrings are examined. Examples of left modules for left nearrings are presented in the third chapter. First, the general constructions of the second chapter are applied in some particular cases. This leads naturally to structures that are analogous to bimodules and structures analogous to dual modules for ring modules. Here, free additions have a special role. Several dual nearring modules are examined in detail. The information needed to construct many more examples of nearring modules of the unusual type is also presented. Only small cyclic groups are used for these examples.
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Chambless, Cathleen F. "Nec(Romantic)." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1933.
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NEC(ROMANTIC) is a poetry collection thematically linked through images of insects, celestial bodies, bones, and other elements of the supernatural. These images are indicative of spells, but the parenthesis around romantic in the collection’s title also implies idealism. The poems explore the author’s experiences with death, grief, love, oppression, and addiction. NEC(ROMANTIC) employs the use of traditional forms such as the villanelle, sestina, and haiku to organize these experiences. Prose poetry and a peca kucha ground the center of NEC(ROMANTIC) which alternates between lyrical and narrative gestures.
NEC(ROMANTIC) is influenced by Sylvia Plath. The author uses Plath’s methods of compression, sound, and rhythm to create a swift, child-like tone when examining emotionally laden topics. Ilya Kaminsky influences lyrical elements of the poems, including surrealism. Spencer Reese’s combination of the natural and personal world is also paramount to this book. Adrienne Rich and Audre Lorde influence NEC(ROMANTIC)’s political poetry.
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Carter, Glenn S. "Turbulent mixing near rough topography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10976.
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Wruck, Eric Michael. "Applying near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs)." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2386.
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Over recent decades, much has been learned about the perceptual capacity that
enables infants to recognize and understand language. However, not until very recently
have the neural mechanisms that are the substance of language learning been
investigated. A recently developed optical imaging technique called near-infrared
spectroscopy (NIRS) shows promise for being an acceptable alternative to invasive
imaging techniques. NIRS measures correlates of neural activity by assessing
hemoglobin concentration changes in the infant brain. The research presented here
investigates neural activation in the left temporal and occipital cortex regions during
exposure to speech and visual stimuli. As hypothesized, hemodynamic reaction was
observed in both areas. Results indicate a significant activation in response to speech in
the left temporal region, and an intriguing difference between uni- and bi-modally
presented speech stimuli. These results have interesting implications for future multimodal
studies of infant speech perception.
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Bothwell, Matthew Stuart. "Galaxy evolution : near and far." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265602.
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The formation of stars from interstellar gas is the cornerstone of galaxy evolution. This thesis represents work undertaken in order to characterise the role of cool interstellar gas, and its relation to star formation, in galaxy evolution across cosmic time. In particular, it concentrates on star forming galaxies at the extremes of the galaxy assembly spectrum - extremely faint dwarfs, and extremely luminous starbursts - in an attempt to test the limits of galaxy evolution models. The thesis falls into two complimentary halves, addressing topics in the low redshift and high redshift Universe respectively. In the low redshift Universe, I discuss multi-wavelength studies of large samples of z rv O galaxies, which include extremely faint dwarf galaxies in the Local Volume. Using these samples, it is possible to derive a multitude of physical parameters (including star formation rates, stellar masses, and gas masses) which allow the interrelationship between star formation and gas content to be assessed in a statistically significant manner. In particular, modern wide field surveys (combined with deep, volume-limited data) allow trends to be analysed across many orders of magnitude in galaxy mass and star formation rate, shedding light on the global properties of galaxies in the local Universe. Moving to higher redshift, I discuss targeted observations of molecular gas in extreme star forming galaxies in the early Universe. These 'sub-millimetre' galaxies number amongst the most luminous objects ever discovered, and molecular gas observations have the power to uncover many of their physical properties, including their morphologies, kinematics, and star formation behaviour. I begin by presenting high-resolution observations of a small number of these galaxies at z rv 2, and discussing the implications for galaxy evolution studies. The final chapter of this thesis consists of the results of a survey for molecular gas in sub-millimetre galaxies conducted over the last decade, which represents the largest single study of molecular gas in the early Universe to date.
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Iseda, Tetsuji. "Near Triviality of Conclusive Reasons." Japan Association for Philosophy of Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6848.
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Ross, Christopher P. "AVO limitations near salt structures." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31010.
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Hoffman, Zukowski Marc. "Near-minimum-time robot trajectories." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59385.
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In this thesis, we are concerned with trajectory generation for the control of robot motion. When both time and energy are taken into consideration, evidence shows that some trajectories are more efficient than others. Power availability, joint rate bounds, and joint acceleration bounds represent an interesting set of constraints imposed on the manipulator. Because of the omnipresent energy overhead of any robot, the above mentioned constraints limit the efficiency domain of the machine.<br>Pick-and-Place applications are of particular interest for our trajectory planning experiments.<br>Three types of polynomials are used to compute the robot trajectories. Particular classes of functions are used to carry out the smooth interpolations in position, velocity and acceleration of each joint, namely cubic splines, as well as cubic and quintic polynomials.<br>Finally, a trajectory planner using the aforementioned shape functions is implemented on a Puma 260 robot.
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Lowe, Justin Paul. "Hardy spaces near H'1." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318447.
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SahaguÌn, SaÌnchez Daniel. "Cold atoms trapped near surfaces." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441957.
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Carrico, A. S. "Excitations near surfaces and interfaces." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355719.
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Andrew, Anne. "Standardisation of near infrared spectrophotometers." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444341/.
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A near infrared (NIR) spectrometer produces, from a single sample, a spectrum formed from several hundred absorbance readings at a range of wavelengths in the NIR region. Using regression approaches and a large number of samples for which reference values and spectra are known, the instrument can be calibrated to predict reference values from spectra. A problem with NIR spectrometers is that no two instruments produce exactly the same output, as a result of which a calibration developed on one instrument cannot be transferred to a second instrument unless the second instrument has been standardised first. Our aim in this thesis is to explore and assess improved methods of standardising NIR spectrometers. The main line of attack is to use standard models but incorporate prior information through Bayesian techniques. The main commercially used standardisation techniques adjust the spectra wavelength by wavelength without any use being made of the fact that the spectra and therefore the appropriate adjustment varies smoothly. By the use of suitable priors within a Bayesian analysis we produce a better solution. The analysis is very time-consuming, involving inverting large matrices and MCMC or some other process for determining parameters. A second attempt using the same assumptions uses dynamic linear modelling, treating the spectra as time series. While theoretically slightly inferior, this method is very much quicker and produces comparable results. A third solution, while using the same basic model, makes an estimate of the wavelength shift in the wavelet domain. Our final, non-Bayes, method is intended to standardise a number of similar instruments simultaneously. This is achieved by projecting spectra onto a subspace orthogonal to the space spanned by between-instrument variation and calibrating on the subspace to produce a robust calibration.
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Ennico, Kimberly Ann. "Near infrared faint object spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625052.
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Dandy, C. L. "Observations of near-earth objects." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403268.
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Winter, Gemma. "Spontaneous emission near metallic interfaces." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445441.
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Kitson, Stephen Christopher. "Molecular fluorescence near metallic gratings." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260673.
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Andrew, Piers. "Molecular fluorescence near metallic interfaces." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265270.
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Angus, Caroline. "Near infrared spectroscopy and exercise." Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274298.
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Zietal, Robert J. "Quantum elecrodynamics near material boundaries." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2520/.
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Quantum electrodynamics in free-space is a well-understood and a very successful theory. This is not the case when polarizable boundaries are present, which is a common scenario. The presence of reflective surfaces affects the photon field. Thereby the quantummechanical vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are constrained leading to changes in the interaction energies of charged particles which are directly measurable. One of the most famous examples of such an effect is the Lamb shift of an atom in front of a perfectly reflecting mirror, which depends on the distance of the atom from the mirror, thus giving rise to an attractive force - the so-called Casimir-Polder force. This thesis touches upon current challenges of quantum electrodynamics with externally applied boundary conditions, which is of increasing importance for nanotechnology and its applications in physics, chemistry and biology. When studying the abovementioned vacuum effects one can use models of various degrees of sophistication for the material properties that need to be taken into account. The simplest is to assume perfect reflectivity. This leads to simple boundary conditions on the electromagnetic field and thereby its quantum fluctuations. The difficulty of such calculations then lies only in the possibly complex geometry of the macroscopic body. The next possible level of sophistication is to allow imperfect reflectivity. The simplest way to achieve this is by considering a material with constant and frequency-independent refractive index. However, for all real material surfaces the reflectivity is frequency-dependent. Causality then requires that dispersion is accompanied by absorption. The aim of this project was twofold: (i) to construct, using well-understood tools of theoretical physics, the microscopic theory of quantum systems, like atoms, interacting with macroscopic polarizable media, which would facilitate relatively simple perturbative calculations of QED corrections due to the presence of boundaries, (ii) to apply the developed formalism to the calculation of the Casimir-Polder force between an atom and a realistic material.
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Blount, Christopher. "Near infrared reflectance in Anura." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/near-infrared-reflectance-in-anura(f730de01-8d4a-43de-b2dd-2ef3027bfc2f).html.
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Increased near infrared (NIR) reflection, closely resembling the red edge found in leaves, has been known in frogs for many years. Whereas previously thought of as an isolated rarity, we have shown that it is likely far more prevalent than previously believed, occurring in multiple distinct family groups and world regions. To date, there are now 26 anuran species known to demonstrate increased NIR reflectance, from 12 different genera, 4 families, and 3 ecozones. The visible/NIR reflection spectra of each individual measured was found to be characteristic of its species; whether it was wild or captive bred; and its sex. A machine learning based classification system was demonstrated as a viable method of identifying these properties from a frog's reflection spectra alone. How this reflection spectra developed from a pre-metamorphosis froglet through to adult frog was tracked, with the gradual changes to the reflection spectra of both NIR reflective and other frogs identified as being most likely dominated by the reduction in epidermal melanophores, and the increasing number of dermal iridophores. A modified consumer camera was shown to be a viable method for rapid identification of increased NIR reflection in anurans, and was used to identify that salamanders also show variation in NIR reflection between ground dwelling and leaf sitting species. The overnight colour change in Hylomantis lemur was observed, and found to occur pre-emptively of the frog's future location; with the frogs regularly transitioning from pale green âÂÂdaytime' colouration, to the dark brown âÂÂnight time' colouration, while still on the green leaf surface before becoming active, and undertaking the reverse transition while still active, but shortly before returning to the leaf. It seems likely that this change is for protection from silhouetting whilst active. Optical coherence tomography images were taken of several species of frog, and found to be a viable method for non-invasive investigation of anuran skin structure, with structural differences observed between the two colourations of H. lemur. It was found that the most likely cause of the increased NIR reflection in frogs is a reduction in melanin, either by absence or substitution with pterorhodin. Although the true benefit to the frog is difficult to determine, it seems likely that cryptic thermoregulation plays a key role: the maintenance of body temperature for the purpose of camouflage from animals capable of far-infrared vision. This thesis demonstrates the legitimacy of several techniques and approaches for non-invasive study of anurans, but the ultimate scope of the project is fundamentally limited by the range of frogs available. Further insight is likely to arise from increasing this scope, applying these techniques to more frogs, from more species, in more regions, and the author wishes all future researchers the greatest success in this endeavour.