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Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 April 2023

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1

Patricelli, Giulia, Maria Eliana Poli, and Daniele Cheloni. "Structural Complexity and Seismogenesis: The Role of the Transpressive Structures in the 1976 Friuli Earthquakes (Eastern Southern Alps, NE Italy)." Geosciences 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12060227.

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We reconstructed the seismotectonic setting of the area comprising the northeastern Friuli Plain and the Julian pre-Alpine border (NE Italy) by integrating geological and seismological data. The study area represents the junction between the SSE-verging polyphase thrust-front of the south-Alpine Chain and the NW–SE-trending strike-slip faults of the eastern Friuli–western Slovenia domain. Following a multidisciplinary approach, the 3D geometry of the Susans–Tricesimo thrust system was reconstructed through the elaboration of four geological cross sections derived from the interpretation of ENI industrial seismic lines. In a second step, the seismogenic volume of the central-eastern Friuli area was investigated through hypocentral distribution analysis: the seismic events of the latest 50 years (1976–1977 and 1978–2019 time intervals) were plotted on four NE-SW-oriented seriated sections together with the fault plane’s geometry. Through this procedure, we were able to investigate the relationship between the NW-SE-striking high-angle faults, which characterize the northern Julian pre-Alps, and the WSW-verging medium-angle reverse fronts located at the piedmont of the Friuli plain, which experienced NW-SE- to NNW-SSE-oriented compression starting at least from the Pliocene. In detail, we examined the involvement of these structures during the seismic sequences of May and September 1976, in terms of activation and/or interaction. The resulting seismotectonic model highlights the interplay between transpressive/strike-slip and reverse planes. In particular, this study suggests that Predjama and Maniaglia transpressive faults strongly control the stress release and likely played a fundamental role both during the 6 May (Mw 6.5) and 15 September (Mw 6.0) Friuli earthquakes.

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2

Calligaris, Chiara, Stefano Devoto, and Luca Zini. "Evaporite sinkholes of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy)." Journal of Maps 13, no. 2 (April 27, 2017): 406–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2017.1316321.

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3

Bertoldi, Maria L., Angelo Boemo, Fabrizio Martini, and Francesco Sguazzin. "Gagea spathacea(Hayne) Salisb. in the lowland woods of Eastern Friuli (NE Italy)." Webbia 64, no. 1 (January 2009): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00837792.2009.10670850.

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4

Aoudia, A., A. Saraó, B. Bukchin, and P. Suhadolc. "The 1976 Friuli (NE Italy) thrust faulting earthquake: A reappraisal 23 years later." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl011071.

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5

Cauzzi, Carlo, Ezio Faccioli, and Giovanni Costa. "1D and 2D site amplification effects at Tarcento (Friuli, NE Italy), 30 years later." Journal of Seismology 15, no. 1 (September 2, 2010): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-010-9202-y.

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6

Finco, Franco, and Luca Melchior. "‘Toponimi esposti’ in lingua minoritaria nella regione Friuli Venezia Giulia." apropos [Perspektiven auf die Romania], no. 8 (July 26, 2022): 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/apropos.8.1924.

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In aree plurilingui, l’esposizione di indicazioni toponimiche in lingue diverse costituisce un contributo fondamentale per garantire la visibilità delle lingue del territorio. Nel caso di comunità linguistiche minoritarie con spiccata frammentazione dialettale, con una varietà di riferimento di recente codificazione o prive di essa, nonché in zone con scarso orientamento verso una norma esogena (isole linguistiche, ma talora anche territori di confine), la decisione di esporre toponimi in più lingue non è tuttavia scevra di problemi: va prediletta la forma locale, spesso di diffusione limitata, o una forma sovralocale? Nel caso di lingue non codificate, a quale tradizione grafica ci si deve orientare? All’esempio del Friuli Venezia Giulia, nel nordest d’Italia, illustreremo come le scelte toponimiche, talora contrastanti a seconda degli attori che le attuano, possano suscitare irritazioni e reazioni negative nella popolazione. Cercheremo poi di indagare i motivi che guidano tali scelte e quale cultura della memoria ne emerga.

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7

Pipan, P., and M. Zorn. "Public participation in recovery after earthquakes in Friuli (NE Italy) and the Upper Soča Valley (NW Slovenia) in 1976, 1998, and 2004." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (May 22, 2013): 2231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-2231-2013.

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Abstract. The article deals with public participation in recovery after earthquakes in the border region of Friuli (NE Italy) and the Upper Soča Valley (NW Slovenia) in 1976 (magnitude 6.4, 6 May; magnitude 6.1, 15 September), 1998 (magnitude 6.0, 12 April), and 2004 (magnitude 4.9, 7 July). It highlights the differences in the concepts of the post-earthquake recovery, taking into consideration the different political systems between the two countries (capitalist Italy vs. communist Slovenia in 1976) and changes in recovery after the change of political system in Slovenia (communist Slovenia in 1976 vs. capitalist Slovenia in 1998 and 2004).

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8

Nardi, Gianluca, and Paolo Audisio. "Italian account for Stephanopachys linearis (Kugelann, 1792), a species listed in Annex II of the Habitats Directive (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)." Fragmenta Entomologica 48, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2016.185.

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Three old specimens of <em>Stephanopachys</em> <em>linearis</em> (Kugelann, 1792) from NE Italy, Udine Province (Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region) are recorded. This is the first certain record of this species for Italy since the only previous records, from South Tyrol, were doubtful. This new record is of high conservation value, since this species is protected by the Habitats Directive in the European Union. Distributional and biological data on <em>S. linearis</em> are summarized and it is documented that the previous, doubtful literature records from South Tyrol are erroneous.

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9

PIERI, Valentina, Koen MARTENS, Fabio STOCH, and Giampaolo ROSSETTI. "Distribution and ecology of non-marine ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy)." Journal of Limnology 68, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2009.1.

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10

Singh, D. D., A. Govoni, and P. L. Bragato. "Coda Q c Attenuation and Source Parameter Analysis in Friuli (NE Italy) and its Vicinity." pure and applied geophysics 158, no. 9 (September 2001): 1737–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00022508.

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11

Moratto, L., P. Suhadolc, and G. Costa. "Finite-fault parameters of the September 1976 M>5 aftershocks in Friuli (NE Italy)." Tectonophysics 536-537 (April 2012): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.02.002.

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12

Scarton, Francesco, Emiliano Verza, Carlo Guzzon, Paolo Utmar, Giacomo Sgorlon, and Roberto Valle. "[Waders and seabirds (Charadriiformes) nesting along the north-eastern Adriatic coastline (Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) in 2008-2014: abundance, trends and major conservation issues]." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 88, no. 2 (June 18, 2019): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2018.418.

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[In 2008-2014 wader and seabird nesting pairs were censused along the 220-km long coastline of the NE Adriatic Sea, in the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions (NE Italy). Fourteen species were regularly breeding, with an annual mean of 20,610 pairs (±1553, 1 SD). The most abundant species was the Yellow-legged Gull (about 13,400 pairs on average, 65% of the whole population of the study area), followed by the Common Tern (1670 pairs, 8.1%) and Common Redshank (1525 pairs, 7.4%). The whole population of waders and seabirds increased with an annual rate, estimated with the TRIM software, of +0.8%, with a greater increase (+4.3%) if the Yellow-legged Gull was not included. Twelve species were stable or increasing; only the yellow-legged gull (-1%) and the common redshank (-2.4%) were decreasing. The populations of several species exceed 10% of those estimated for the whole of Italy; those of the Eurasian Oystercatcher, Common Redshank and Sandwich Tern are among the most important in the whole Mediterranean. On average, about 8860 pairs (43%) nest in the Venice lagoon, 6,400 pairs (31%) in the Po Delta, 5100 pairs (25%) in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia lagoons. Among nesting habitats, semi-natural (such as the fish farms) and man-made sites (dredge islands) make each year about 70% of the nesting pairs. Saltmarsh islets host large numbers of Common Redshank and Sandwich Tern, while along the beach zone the only abundant species are the Yellow-legged Gull and the Eurasian Oystercatcher. The major conservation threats observed in the study area were the erosion of littoral islands, the uncontrolled occurrence of sunbathers along the beaches, the vegetation overgrowth at dredge islands, the increasing frequency of saltmarsh submersion by high tides, the strong fluctuations of water levels inside the fish farms.] [Article in Italian]

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13

Dal Moro, G., and M. Zadro. "Remarkable tilt–strain anomalies preceding two seismic events in Friuli (NE Italy): their interpretation as precursors." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 170, no. 1-2 (June 1999): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00095-3.

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14

Mao, W. J., and P. Suhadolc. "Simultaneous inversion of velocity structures and hypocentral locations: Application to the Friuli seismic area NE Italy." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 138, no. 2 (1992): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00878899.

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15

Comin, S., P. Ganis, L. Poldini, and M. Vidali. "A diachronic approach to assess alien plant invasion: The case study of Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy)." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 145, no. 1 (March 2011): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2010.546108.

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16

Codermatz, Raffaella, Rinaldo Nicolich, and Dario Slejko. "Seismic risk assessments and GIS technology: applications to infrastructures in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy)." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 32, no. 11 (2003): 1677–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.294.

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17

Slejko, Dario, Giancarlo Neri, Ivanka Orozova, Gianfranco Renner, and Max Wyss. "Stress field in Friuli (NE Italy) from fault plane solutions of activity following the 1976 main shock." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 1037–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890041037.

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Abstract Fault-plane solutions of 78 earthquakes with magnitude larger than 3.2, which occurred in Friuli between May 1976 and August 1979, have been used to estimate the orientations of the principal stress axes by an inversion technique. The analysis of the confidence limits and the average angular misfit of the solution found when inverting the entire data set revealed that faulting was not produced by a uniform stress distribution. Subdivision of the study area into smaller volumes did not lead to significant improvements in terms of stress uniformity, whereas temporal subdivision of the sample reduced significantly misfit and confidence areas of the solution for some data sets. Therefore, we conclude that the stress directions changed as a function of time. A nearly uniform stress direction, compatible with tectonic models proposed for the study area (ca. N-S convergence of the Adriatic and South Alpine units), was found between the main event of 6 May 1976 (ML 6.4) and the strong aftershocks of mid-September 1976 (5.1 ≤ ML ≤ 6.1). The analysis of the individual misfit cumulative pattern reveals that some degree of stress heterogeneity appeared in July 1976, which is explained here in terms of heterogeneous local responses of the stress field to the seismic activity superimposed to the regional compressive factor. The degree of perturbation of the principal stress directions by local effects increased with time and showed, in particular, a clear variation after the strong earthquakes of mid-September 1976. The perturbations appear to be reflected by low-magnitude quakes, whereas the faulting in strong events is compatible with the regional stress field.

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18

Iacumin, P., E. Galli, F. Cavalli, and L. Cecere. "C4-consumers in southern europe: The case of friuli V.G. (NE-Italy) during early and central middle ages." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 154, no. 4 (June 3, 2014): 561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22553.

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19

Ebblin, Claudio. "First estimates of the principal directions of strains compared to those of stresses in seismic friuli, NE Italy." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 124, no. 4-5 (1986): 897–917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00879617.

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20

Paronuzzi, Paolo, Marco Del Fabbro, and Alberto Bolla. "Soil Moisture Profiles of Unsaturated Colluvial Slopes Susceptible to Rainfall-Induced Landslides." Geosciences 12, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010006.

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In this work, we describe soil moisture profiles related to typical colluvial slopes that were involved in rainfall-induced shallow failures occurring in alpine and pre-alpine areas of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (NE Italy). The trend of the volumetric water content (θw) showed a general increase from the ground surface to the bottom soil layer, with two or three marked moisture peaks. The saturation degree (S) varied from 65–70% (topsoil horizon) to nearly saturated basal colluvium (S = 95–100%). Soil moisture data demonstrates that, for a very humid climate, colluvial covers are often close to the saturation condition for most of the year. The calculated suction profiles indicated that maximum values ranging from 40 to 55 kPa often occur in the slope surficial soil (depth < 0.2–0.5 m). This negative pore-water pressure greatly decreases after a heavy rainfall event because of the infiltration process. Complete saturation of colluvial cover in the alpine and pre-alpine regions generally requires rainfall exceeding 150–200 mm for a 24-h storm duration. This results in a recurrence time of Tr ≅ 5–10 years for critical rainfall episodes involving colluvial slopes in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region. The case histories analyzed demonstrate the importance of performing a detailed lithostratigraphic analysis of the colluvial deposit in order to properly define the suction measurement points, which there should be more of than the three-point determinations usually reported in the literature (for example, z = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m).

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21

Zampieri, Dario, Paola Vannoli, and Pierfrancesco Burrato. "Geodynamic and seismotectonic model of a long-lived transverse structure: The Schio-Vicenza Fault System (NE Italy)." Solid Earth 12, no. 8 (August 26, 2021): 1967–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-12-1967-2021.

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Abstract. We make a thorough review of geological and seismological data on the long-lived Schio-Vicenza Fault System (SVFS) in northern Italy and present for it a geodynamic and seismotectonic interpretation. The SVFS is a major and high-angle structure transverse to the mean trend of the eastern Southern Alps fold-and-thrust belt, and the knowledge of this structure is deeply rooted in the geological literature and spans more than a century and a half. The main fault of the SVFS is the Schio-Vicenza Fault (SVF), which has a significant imprint in the landscape across the eastern Southern Alps and the Veneto-Friuli foreland. The SVF can be divided into a northern segment, extending into the chain north of Schio and mapped up to the Adige Valley, and a southern one, coinciding with the SVF proper. The latter segment borders to the east the Lessini Mountains, Berici Mountains and Euganei Hills block, separating this foreland structural high from the Veneto-Friuli foreland, and continues southeastward beneath the recent sediments of the plain via the blind Conselve–Pomposa fault. The structures forming the SVFS have been active with different tectonic phases and different styles of faulting at least since the Mesozoic, with a long-term dip-slip component of faulting well defined and, on the contrary, the horizontal component of the movement not being well constrained. The SVFS interrupts the continuity of the eastern Southern Alps thrust fronts in the Veneto sector, suggesting that it played a passive role in controlling the geometry of the active thrust belt and possibly the current distribution of seismic release. As a whole, apart from moderate seismicity along the northern segment and few geological observations along the southern one, there is little evidence to constrain the recent activity of the SVFS. In this context, the SVFS, and specifically its SVF strand, has accommodated a different amount of shortening of adjacent domains of the Adriatic (Dolomites) indenter by internal deformation produced by lateral variation in strength, related to Permian–Mesozoic tectonic structures and paleogeographic domains. The review of the historical and instrumental seismicity along the SVFS shows that it does not appear to have generated large earthquakes during the last few hundred years. The moderate seismicity points to a dextral strike-slip activity, which is also corroborated by the field analysis of antithetic Riedel structures of the fault cropping out along the northern segment. Conversely, the southern segment shows geological evidence of sinistral strike-slip activity. The apparently conflicting geological and seismological data can be reconciled considering the faulting style of the southern segment as driven by the indentation of the Adriatic plate, while the opposite style along the northern segment can be explained in a sinistral opening “zipper” model, where intersecting pairs of simultaneously active faults with a different sense of shear merge into a single fault system.

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22

Santi, Maria Vittoria, and Giovanna Saveria Laiola. "Retrofitting of Company Towns’ residential buildings: from international best practices to local implementations in Friuli Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy)." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 4, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2019.11158.

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<p>The paper illustrates the retrofit of company towns’ heritage, focusing on energy efficiency strategies for residential buildings with the aim to highlight the best practices, the solutions and methodologies to be implemented for the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region in NE Italy. The starting point is a comprehensive analysis of company town’s retrofit strategies featuring a comparison among relevant examples from Europe and Italy. Unesco industrial sites, sites by the Modern Movement, and Italian well-known workers’ villages are included in the analysis. The evaluation of the retrofit solutions takes into consideration aspects of protection and valorisation, functional renovation, and environmental sustainability upgrade. As a result, common strategies for the energy retrofit of company towns’ residential heritage are identified and summarised as the first step for their application at local level. In this sense, the study highlights that industrial villages are still inhabited and they require an upgrade according to the guidelines for architectural restoration, which meet the current standards of comfort. Moreover, the strategies drawn from the case-studies reveal an excellent potential of applicability for the local area and its company towns: Panzano shipyard village, Cave del Predil mining site, and Torviscosa factory town.</p>

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23

Bidoli, Ettore, Silvia Franceschi, Lorenzo Simonato, Silvano Piffer, Sandro Tognazzo, Paolo Vian, Sabrina Prati, et al. "Differences in Cancer Mortality Trends between Four Neighboring North-Eastern Areas and Italy, 1970-1990." Tumori Journal 81, no. 6 (November 1995): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089169508100602.

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Aims and background The present report combines descriptive statistics (partly never published) on four neighboring areas of north-eastern (NE) Italy [Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1970-89) and Veneto (1970-87) regions and the provinces of Trento (1970-89) and Bolzano (1971-90)], and all Italy (1970-89). The aim was to highlight potential differences in mortality trends and promote a more systematic sharing of data and methodologies. Methods Death certificates stratified by cause, sex, age and residence were obtained from official publications of the Italian Central Institute of Statistics. Absolute numbers of deaths from different causes, age-standardized rates (on the basis of the European standard population) and percentage of change over the examined period for both sexes were computed for each geographic area. Results Unfavorable trends were seen for neoplasms of the upper aerodigestive tract, lung, breast, colorectum, bladder, kidney and pancreas and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Increases in most of these neoplasms were more marked in the 4 NE areas than in Italy, especially with respect to cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in both sexes and cancer of the lung and ovary in women. In Bolzano, rates of neoplasms associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption were lower and less steeply increasing than in the other NE areas, most notably Trento, therefore, contributing to produce the lowest overall cancer mortality rates of NE areas. Cancers of the stomach, uterus, and testis and Hodgkin's disease presented consistent downward trends in all examined areas. Conclusions The analysis of mortality trends across areas is consistent with elevated and still increasing cancer rates in the 4 NE areas considered, especially for tobacco and alcohol-related neoplasms and skin melanoma. Preventive strategies, based on epidemiologic knowledge, especially against tobacco and heavy alcohol consumption, and intense intermittent sun exposure, seem to be priorities and may benefit from systematic sharing of information, expertise and intervention tools in NE Italy. At least part of the lack of cancer deaths in Bolzano must be attributable to the deaths of Bolzano residents abroad (especially in Austria) and/or to differences in coding practices. This should be elucidated in future studies.

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24

Rassati, Gianluca. "Responsiveness to acoustic stimulation, distribution and habitat preferences of the Grey-headed Woodpecker, Picus canus, and the Three-toed Woodpecker, Picoides tridactylus, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (North-eastern Italy)." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 84, no. 1 (March 20, 2015): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2014.227.

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The study was carried out from 2003 to 2011 with the aim of determining the responsiveness to acoustic stimulation, the distribution and the habitat preferences of <em>Picus canus</em> and <em>Picoides tridactylus</em> in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (NE Italy). <em>P. canus</em> resulted as being more responsive than <em>P. tridactylus</em> to conspecifics stimulation, responding in 13.23% of the points where a stimulus was emitted, against 7.65% of the other species. In both taxa, when there was a response, it was predominantly by the male birds. The most frequent type of response in <em>P. canus</em> was song, heard in 57.89% of the points, while for <em>P. tridactylus</em>, it was drumming, which was heard in 65.38% of the points. For both species (especially for P. tridactylus), a tendency was recorded to expand the range and to occupy new areas within the known range. <em>P. canus i</em>n Friuli-Venezia Giulia was found from altitudes close to the sea level up to the treeline (range 0-2000 m a.s.l.), while <em>P. tridactylus</em> was found in montane and subalpine woodlands (range 800- 2000 m a.s.l.). The observations of P. canus were obtained at a mean altitude of 977 m a.s.l. (± 402 SD), located in the altitudinal belt dominated by Fagus sylvatica L., which is present in more than half of the woodlands in which the woodpecker was found.<em> P. tridactylus</em> was discovered at a mean altitude of 1424 m a.s.l. (± 246 SD), located in the altitudinal belt dominated by Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., which is present in almost 90% of the woodlands in which this species was found. In some areas, densities of 0.67-2.26 territories/100 ha were obtained for<em> P. canus</em> and 0.16-0.40 territories/100 ha for <em>P. tridactylus.</em> In Friuli-Venezia Giulia, a population of 320-390 pairs of P. canus and 45-60 pairs of P. tridactylus has been estimated, with an approximate 15% increase of<em> P. canus</em> compared to the beginning of the century, and just over 60% for the other species. Finally, some aspects concerning conservation-related problems are reported.

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25

Mistaro, Andrea, Alessandro Felluga, Flavio Moimas, Anna Abatangelo, Tazio Asquini, Renata Bruno, Lorenzo Celic, Michele Guidarelli, Arnold Pastrello, and Anita Semec Bertocchi. "Chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter in Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy) by exploratory data analysis with multisite and multivariate approach." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 29 (May 28, 2018): 28808–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1883-8.

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26

Cosolo, Mauro, Paolo Utmar, Flavio Roppa, and Stefano Sponza. "Interactions between fish resources and Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in the Grado and Marano lagoon (NE Italy)." Acrocephalus 30, no. 140 (January 1, 2009): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10100-009-0002-9.

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Interactions between fish resources and CormorantsPhalacrocorax carboin the Grado and Marano lagoon (NE Italy)The aim of this study was to determine the importance of different environments for CormorantPhalacrocorax carbobiology in the Grado and Marano lagoon (Friuli Venezia Giulia, NE Italy, Upper Adriatic Sea), and to estimate the levels of fish removal within such areas. Data were collected on Cormorant abundance and the amount of fish consumed in two fishing valli (Valle Noghera and Valle Artalina) and in three tidal areas (Goppion, Cavanata sea, Grado and Marano lagoon). The number of Cormorants per 100 ha was relatively low in all the study areas. The highest density of feeding cormorants in November (24 birds/100 ha) was in Valle Noghera. The latter is ascribed to an isolated event of 50 birds in social fishing activity. During the rest of the November survey time (72% of the total), lower densities were noted (2.5 birds/100 ha). Fish consumption was also relatively low. In Valle Artalina the maximum was 6.8 kg/100 ha in December. The highest fish consumption was estimated in Valle Noghera in November (41.9 kg/100 ha) and in the Grado and Marano lagoon in January (7.6 kg/100 ha). In fish farms, the highest fish consumption is recorded in November and December, exclusively within wintering basins and canals. So these areas should be covered with wire nets. Furthermore, considering the high variability and irregularity of fish removal, the use of active deterring methods (e.g. gas cannons) can give good results, especially if applied during social fishing events.

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27

Cinquini, Lino, Cristina Campanale, Flavio Del Bianco, and Chiara Oppi. "Un modello di performance management per mitigare il problema dell'ambiguità nell'organizzazione della prevenzione collettiva: il caso della Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia." MECOSAN, no. 117 (April 2021): 77–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mesa2021-117005.

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Questo articolo discute come la realizzazione di un sistema di performance management all'interno dei processi dei dipartimenti di prevenzione della Regione Friuli-Venezia Giulia possa ridurre alcune variabili di ambiguita organizzativa. Attraverso un approccio quali-quantitativo basato su action research e survey i ricercatori hanno partecipato alla realizzazione di un sistema che, nell'ambito dei dipartimenti di prevenzione, descrive i processi e le attivita svolte in relazione a specifici target e ne determina il consumo di risorse standard. Inoltre, e stata realizzata un'indagine esplorativa per l'assessment ex ante delle potenzialita del sistema in termini di riduzione di ambiguita, che puo contribuire a fornire input per una revisione del sistema prima della sua implementazione. Questa ricerca presenta i seguenti contributi e implicazioni. Il primo contributo si evidenzia rispetto alla letteratura sull'ambiguita. Il secondo contributo e relativo alla definizione di un approccio per la valutazione ex ante delle potenzialita di un sistema di misurazione delle performance nella mitigazione dell'ambiguita. I risultati hanno implicazioni pratiche per il management sanitario e forniscono spunti di riflessione a supporto dello sviluppo di sistemi di misurazione della performance nella prevenzione collettiva.

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Olmo, Valentina, Enrico Tordoni, Francesco Petruzzellis, Giovanni Bacaro, and Alfredo Altobelli. "Use of Sentinel-2 Satellite Data for Windthrows Monitoring and Delimiting: The Case of “Vaia” Storm in Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (North-Eastern Italy)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081530.

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On the 29th of October 2018, a storm named “Vaia” hit North-Eastern Italy, causing the loss of 8 million m3 of standing trees and creating serious damage to the forested areas, with many economic and ecological implications. This event brought up the necessity of a standard procedure for windthrow detection and monitoring based on satellite data as an alternative to foresters’ fieldwork. The proposed methodology was applied in Carnic Alps (Friuli Venezia Giulia, NE Italy) in natural stands dominated by Picea abies and Abies alba. We used images from the Sentinel-2 mission: 1) to test vegetation indices performance in monitoring the vegetation dynamics in the short period after the storm, and 2) to create a windthrow map for the whole Friuli Venezia Giulia region. Results showed that windthrows in forests have a significant influence on visible and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral bands of Sentinel-2, both in the short and the long-term timeframes. NDWI8A and NDWI were the best indices for windthrow detection (R2 = 0.80 and 0.77, respectively) and NDVI, PSRI, SAVI and GNDVI had an overall good performance in spotting wind-damaged areas (R2 = 0.60–0.76). Moreover, these indices allowed to monitor post-Vaia forest die-off and showed a dynamic recovery process in cleaned sites. The NDWI8A index, employed in the vegetation index differencing (VID) change detection technique, delimited damaged areas comparable to the estimations provided by Regional Forest System (2545 ha and 3183 ha, respectively). Damaged forests detected by NDWI8A VID ranged from 500 m to 1500 m a.s.l., mainly covering steep slopes in the south and east aspects (42% and 25%, respectively). Our results suggested that the NDWI8A VID method may be a cost-effective and accurate way to produce windthrow maps, which could limit the risks associated with fieldwork and may provide a valuable tool to plan tree removal interventions in a more efficient way.

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Rassati, Gianluca. "Responsiveness to acoustic stimulation, distribution and habitat preferences of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos minor, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (North-eastern Italy)." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 85, no. 1 (December 23, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2015.265.

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From 2005 to 2013 in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (NE Italy), using the playback method, a study on the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, <em>Dendrocopos</em> <em>minor</em>, was carried out. The aims were to identify the trends in distribution, the range, and the habitat preferences, along with the evaluation of the responsiveness to acoustic stimulation. The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker responded in 10.67% of the points where a conspecifics stimulus was emitted, demonstrating a “strong” responsiveness to the first stimulus. In the case of a response, males prevailed, and the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker was confirmed as the <em>Picidae</em> species that tended to show itself the most (79.17% of the points). Thanks to the tendency to expand the range and to occupy new zones within the known range, most of the suitable environments were occupied in the Provinces of Trieste and Gorizia and from the lowlands to the outer prealpine zone, even in urban areas. In the montane zone, expansion occurred through ascending of the valleys and slopes. The species was found from sea level to 1200 m (mean altitude: 429±270 SD m a.s.l.) and particularly below 800 m a.s.l. (about 90% of the contacts). Of all the contacts, 71.69% occurred in broadleaf woodlands. Woodlands along watercourses were revealed to be very important (most highly represented forest type with more than one fifth of contacts), which have allowed the species to live in the lowlands and subsequently colonize other suitable environments, and the countryside and orchards, which are fundamental in the mountains for the spread and permanence of the taxon. In some areas, densities of 1.11-2.50 territories/100 ha were obtained. In Friuli-Venezia Giulia, a population of 150-190 pairs has been estimated, with an increase of just over 60% compared to the beginning of the century. Finally, some aspects concerning conservation-related problems are reported.

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Tamaro, Alberto, Stefano Grimaz, Marco Santulin, and Dario Slejko. "Characterization of the expected seismic damage for a critical infrastructure: the case of the oil pipeline in Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy)." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 27, 2017): 1425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0252-1.

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Mao, W. J., P. Santero, and M. Zadro. "Long- and middle-term behaviour of the tilt and strain variations in the decade following the 1976 friuli earthquake in NE Italy." Pure and Applied Geophysics PAGEOPH 132, no. 4 (February 1990): 653–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00876812.

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Busetti, Alice, Chiara Calligaris, Emanuele Forte, Giulia Areggi, Arianna Mocnik, and Luca Zini. "Non-Invasive Methodological Approach to Detect and Characterize High-Risk Sinkholes in Urban Cover Evaporite Karst: Integrated Reflection Seismics, PS-InSAR, Leveling, 3D-GPR and Ancillary Data. A NE Italian Case Study." Remote Sensing 12, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 3814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12223814.

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Sinkholes linked to cover evaporite karst in urban environments still represent a challenge in terms of their clear identification and mapping considering the rehash and man-made structures. In the present research, we have proposed and tested a methodology to identify the subsiding features through an integrated and non-invasive multi-scale approach combining seismic reflection, PS-InSAR (PSI), leveling and full 3D Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), and thus overpassing the limits of each method. The analysis was conducted in a small village in the Alta Val Tagliamento Valley (Friuli Venezia Giulia region, NE Italy). Here, sinkholes have been reported for a long time as well as the hazards linked to their presence. Within past years, several houses have been demolished and at present many of them are damaged. The PSI investigation allowed the identification of an area with higher vertical velocities; seismic reflection imagined the covered karst bedrock, identifying three depocenters; leveling data presented a downward displacement comparable with PSI results; 3D GPR, applied here for the first time in the study and characterization of sinkholes, defined shallow sinking features. Combining all the obtained results with accurate field observations, we identified and mapped the highest vulnerable zone.

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Mian, Giovanni, Guido Cipriani, Simone Saro, Marta Martini, and Paolo Ermacora. "Potential of Different Actinidia Genotypes as Resistant Rootstocks for Preventing Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome." Horticulturae 8, no. 7 (July 11, 2022): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070627.

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Kiwifruit Vine Decline Syndrome (KVDS) is currently affecting Italian kiwifruit cultivation, causing dramatic yield and economic losses. The syndrome’s aetiology is due to soil-borne pathogens and waterlogging, leading to the decay of roots and then the canopy. Current knowledge about the disease is limited, and the techniques to control the syndrome are ineffective. The use of tolerant rootstocks is one of the most promising tools. Six genotypes of Actinidia were tested for two years at four infected experimental sites in Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy). Plant evaluation and analysis were carried out on the root system and the vegetative parts. At all experimental sites, three genotypes, all belonging to the A. macrosperma group, grew normally. In contrast, plants of A. polygama died earlier and those of A. chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ declined during the first year. A. arguta ‘Miss Green’ survived the first year but started to decline during the second year. After two years of study, we were able to identify three putative resistant genotypes: A. macrosperma accession numbers 176 and 183, and ‘Bounty71’, which will be a useful resource as rootstocks or as parents for breeding owing to their potential genetic resistance traits.

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Cheloni, D., N. D’Agostino, E. D’Anastasio, and G. Selvaggi. "Reassessment of the source of the 1976 Friuli, NE Italy, earthquake sequence from the joint inversion of high-precision levelling and triangulation data." Geophysical Journal International 190, no. 2 (July 3, 2012): 1279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2012.05561.x.

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Livio, Poldini, and Enrico Feoli. "Model for the potential natural vegetation mapping of Friuli Venezia-Giulia (NE Italy) and its application for a biogeographic classification of the region." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 135, no. 3 (January 2001): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263500112331350950.

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Mistaro, Andrea, Alessandro Felluga, Flavio Moimas, Anna Abatangelo, Tazio Asquini, Renata Bruno, Lorenzo Celic, Michele Guidarelli, Arnold Pastrello, and Anita Semec Bertocchi. "Correction to: Chemical characterization of atmospheric particulate matter in Friuli Venezia Giulia (NE Italy) by exploratory data analysis with multisite and multivariate approach." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 3094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3724-1.

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Italiano, Francesco, Pietro Bonfanti, Manuela Ditta, Riccardo Petrini, and Francesca Slejko. "Helium and carbon isotopes in the dissolved gases of Friuli Region (NE Italy): Geochemical evidence of CO2 production and degassing over a seismically active area." Chemical Geology 266, no. 1-2 (August 2009): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.05.022.

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Tarlao, Alceo, Sacit Özer, Giorgio Tunis, and Maurizio Tentor. "Amended diagnosis of Colveraia variabilis Klinghardt, 1921 (Bivalvia) from Friuli (NE Italy) and redescription of Colveraia darendeensis Karacabey, 1974 from Turkey: Taxonomy, comparisons and biogeography." Cretaceous Research 75 (July 2017): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2017.03.012.

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39

Erba, Marco Emilio. "«Copiati esattissimamente in misura rigorosa»: note sulle prime incisioni dei dittici eburnei del Tesoro del Duomo di Monza. Anton Francesco Gori, Anton Francesco Frisi e i fratelli Trivulzio nella seconda metà del Settecento." ACME 75, no. 1 (March 16, 2023): 117–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2282-0035/19886.

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Nel Tesoro del Duomo di Monza si conservano tre celebri dittici eburnei relativi alla dotazione di suppellettili liturgiche di Berengario del Friuli (inizi X secolo): il dittico di Stilicone e quello del Poeta e della Musa, entrambi tardo antichi; il dittico di re Davide e san Gregorio Magno, di datazione e lettura più controverse (VI secolo ed età carolingia). Primo editore dei pezzi è Anton Francesco Gori nel secondo volume del Thesaurus veterum diptychorum consularium et ecclesiasticorum (1759), corredato di tre tavole di Andrea Scacciati. Pur non avendo mai visionato i manufatti, l’erudito fiorentino dedica ad essi un’ampia disamina critica basandosi essenzialmente sugli acquerelli del pittore Girolamo Ferroni, reclutato dal marchese milanese e prezioso intermediario Alessandro Teodoro Trivulzio. Nel 1794 il padre della storiografia monzese, il canonico Anton Francesco Frisi, risolve di rieditare i dittici in apertura del terzo tomo delle sue Memorie storiche di Monza e sua corte. Consigliato da quel don Carlo Trivulzio erudito e proprietario di un ricco nucleo di avori antichi, supportato dalle modeste incisioni di Giulio Cesare Bianchi, offre una rilettura che puntualizza ed emenda in parte quanto scritto dal Gori, condita da una vena polemica contro «chi non ha esaminati personalmente i Monumenti, sui quali ragiona». Sullo sfondo del contesto culturale dell’epoca e delle personalità che vi presero parte, con l’ausilio della documentazione divisa tra la Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano, l’Archivio della Fondazione Trivulzio e la Biblioteca Marucelliana di Firenze, il contributo intende proporre una ricostruzione degli avvenimenti con attenzione al rapporto tra originale (i dittici monzesi) e copia (disegni e incisioni che ne scaturirono).

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Liccari, Francesco, Miris Castello, Livio Poldini, Alfredo Altobelli, Enrico Tordoni, Maurizia Sigura, and Giovanni Bacaro. "Do Habitats Show a Different Invasibility Pattern by Alien Plant Species? A Test on a Wetland Protected Area." Diversity 12, no. 7 (July 5, 2020): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12070267.

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Biological invasions are deemed to be the second most important global driver of biodiversity loss, right behind habitat destruction and fragmentation. In this study, we aimed at testing if community invasibility, defined as the vulnerability to invasion of a community, could be associated with the characteristics of a given habitat, as described by the composition and structure of its native species. Based on a probabilistic sampling of the alien flora occurring in the temperate wetland Lake Doberdò (Friuli Venezia Giulia region, NE Italy) and using a null-model-based approach, the observed occurrence of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) within sampling units was randomized within habitats. While testing the degree of invasibility for each habitat within the wetland, our null hypothesis postulated that habitats are equally invaded by IAS, as IAS can spread homogeneously in the environment thanks to their plasticity in functional traits that makes them able to cope with different ecological conditions. The obtained results comparing observed IAS frequencies, abundance and richness to those obtained by the null model randomizations show that, for all habitats, invasion was selective. Specifically, a marked preference for habitats with an intermediate disturbance level, a high nutrients level and a medium-high light availability was observed, while an avoidance was detected for habitats characterized by lower levels of nutrients and light availability or extreme conditions caused by prolonged submersion. This method allows us to provide useful information using a simple-to-run simulation for the management of the IAS threat within protected areas. Moreover, the method allows us to infer important ecological characteristics leading to habitat invasion without sampling the environmental characteristic of the habitats, which is an expensive operation in terms of time and money.

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Viscolani, Andrea, Christoph Grützner, Manuel Diercks, Klaus Reicherter, and Kamil Ustaszewski. "Late Quaternary Tectonic Activity of the Udine-Buttrio Thrust, Friulian Plain, NE Italy." Geosciences 10, no. 2 (February 23, 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10020084.

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The NW-SE trending Udine-Buttrio Thrust is a partly blind fault that affects the Friulian plain southeast of Udine in NE Italy. It is part of a wider fault system that accommodates the northward motion of the Adriatic plate. Although seismic reflection data and morphological evidence show that the fault was active during the Quaternary, comparably little is known about its tectonic activity. We used high-resolution digital elevation models to investigate the surface expression of the fault. Measured vertical surface offsets show significant changes along strike with uplift rates varying between 0 and 0.5 mm/yr. We then analyze a topographic scarp near the village of Manzano in more detail. Field mapping and geophysical prospections (Georadar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography) were used to image the subsurface geometry of the fault. We found vertical offsets of 1–3 m in Natisone River terraces younger than 20 ka. The geophysical data allowed the identification of deformation of the fluvial sediments, supporting the idea that the topographic scarp is a tectonic feature and that the terraces have been uplifted systematically over time. Our findings fit the long-term behaviour of the Udine-Buttrio Thrust. We estimate a post-glacial vertical uplift rate of 0.08–0.17 mm/yr recorded by the offset terraces. Our results shed light on the Late Quaternary behaviour of this thrust fault in the complicated regional tectonic setting and inform about its hitherto overlooked possible seismic hazard.

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Stefani, C., M. G. Fellin, M. Zattin, G. G. Zuffa, C. Dalmonte, N. Mancin, and A. Zanferrari. "Provenance and Paleogeographic Evolution in a Multi-Source Foreland: The Cenozoic Venetian Friulian Basin (NE Italy)." Journal of Sedimentary Research 77, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 867–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2007.083.

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Monegato, Giovanni, and Maria Eliana Poli. "Tectonic and Climatic Inferences from the Terrace Staircase in the Meduna Valley, Eastern Southern Alps, NE Italy." Quaternary Research 83, no. 1 (January 2015): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.10.001.

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AbstractResults of stratigraphic and morphotectonic analyses on fluvial terraces at the outlet of the Meduna valley in the eastern Southern Alps are used to investigate on the tectonics and paleoclimate. The Meduna valley, prone to destructive earthquakes, belongs to the front of the eastern Southern Alps, a south-verging fold and thrust belt in evolution from the Middle Miocene to the present, constructed by ENE–WSW striking, SSE-verging medium to low-angle thrusts, gradually propagating in the Venetian–Friulian plain. In the study area, located south of the Periadriatic thrust, the main structural element is the ENE–WSW striking Maniago–M. Jouf thrust system. Seven depositional units, ranging in age from Pliocene to Holocene, and a hierarchy of four numbered terrace complexes were identified. Stratigraphic and geometric relationships between sedimentary units, basal surfaces and terraces allow the reconstruction of the chronology of the depositional events. The study shows that the valley configuration has been shaped during the Pliocene–Quaternary with long-lasting steady intervals, interspaced with periodic tectonic pulses of the thrust front of the eastern Southern Alps. The most recent pulse related to the Maniago thrust shows an upper Pleistocene–Holocene slip rate of about 0.6 mm/yr.

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Monegato, G., P. Mozzi, G. Paiero, and S. Rossato. "Sedimentary evidence of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) during the last glacial maximum in the Venetian-Friulian plain (NE Italy)." Quaternary International 538 (February 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.04.042.

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Rossato, Sandro, Alessandro Fontana, and Paolo Mozzi. "Meta-analysis of a Holocene 14C database for the detection of paleohydrological crisis in the Venetian–Friulian Plain (NE Italy)." CATENA 130 (July 2015): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.10.033.

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Bonì, Roberta, Claudia Meisina, Linda Poggio, Alessandro Fontana, Giulia Tessari, Paolo Riccardi, and Mario Floris. "Ground motion areas detection (GMA-D): an innovative approach to identify ground deformation areas using the SAR-based displacement time series." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 382 (April 22, 2020): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-382-277-2020.

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Abstract. In this work, an innovative methodology to generate the automatic ground motion areas mapping is presented. The methodology is based on the analysis of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based displacement time series. The procedure includes two modules developed using the ModelBuilder tool (ArcGis). These modules allow to identify the ground motion areas (GMA) using only one dataset and the persistent GMA (PGMA) considering the different monitored periods and datasets. These areas represent clusters of targets characterized by the same displacement time series trend. The procedure was tested using different sensors such as ERS-1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1 covering the periods, 1992–2000, 2003–2010, 2012–2016 and 2014–2017, respectively, over an area of about 500 km2 in the Venetian-Friulian coastal Plain (NE Italy). The resulting mapping allows to detect priority areas where to address further in situ investigations such as to verify the presence of localized buried landforms.

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Zamboni, Alberto. "Nuove osservazioni su una glossa botanica mediolatina : citamus 'colchico'." Linguistica 49, no. 1 (December 29, 2009): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.49.1.247-256.

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Il grigion. schiombla, tschiombla ‘colchico’, lombardo alpino or. ciĝám(b)ula, si-, trent.occ. (Giudicarie) čiĝámbọla, segámbola ecc., insieme forse con lo sporadico friul. subalpino siàngala, ven- gono attribuiti nel noto ribelle di V. Bertoldi (1923: §§ 71–3) ad una glossa mediolatina citamus, cito- mus, riportata nel Diefenbach ma piuttosto isolata e possibile cattiva lettura di cart(h)amus (1288, 1304). L’ipotesi passa attraverso un suffissato (e non documentato) *citamŭla, che renderebbe le numerose varianti dialettali attraverso una normale lenizione di -t- > -d- > -ø- (con eventuale refezio- ne tramite -g-) – tratto fonetico estraneo tuttavia al friulano – e si oppone a quella sostenuta in prima istanza da Michael (1905), che pensava ad un *cicamŭla dissimilato da *ciclamŭla, derivato da cyclāmen ‘ciclamino’, i cui fiori hanno somiglianza con quelli del colchico e del croco. Va tuttavia riconosciuta ad Alessio la valorizzazione del meridionale šamo ‘giusquiamo’, solanacea velenosa di lontana tradizione per le sue proprietà farmacologiche (così come per il colchico, una liliacea): una forma, almeno semipopolare, che a mio avviso può esser stata diffusa anche in aree settentrionali, sempre in una variante suffissata *šámula, *siá- che rende facile conto del patrimonio grigionese schiombla (/š/!), lombardo segám(b)ola, meno invece del friulano siángala. Una nuova soluzione che offre il vantaggio di recuperare un filone autonomo ed elaborato di hyoscyamus in un areale alpino sostanzialmente omogeneo.

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48

Floris, Mario, Alessandro Fontana, Giulia Tessari, and Mariachiara Mulè. "Subsidence Zonation Through Satellite Interferometry in Coastal Plain Environments of NE Italy: A Possible Tool for Geological and Geomorphological Mapping in Urban Areas." Remote Sensing 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11020165.

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The main aim of this paper is to test the use of multi-temporal differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) techniques as a tool for geological and geomorphological surveys in urban areas, where anthropogenic features often completely obliterate landforms and surficial deposits. In the last two decades, multi-temporal DInSAR techniques have been extensively applied to many topics of Geosciences, especially in geohazard analysis and risks assessment, but few attempts have been made in using differential subsidence for geological and geomorphological mapping. With this aim, interferometric data of an urbanized sector of the Venetian-Friulian Plain were considered. The data derive by permanent scatterers InSAR processing of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by ERS 1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO SKY-Med and Sentinel-1 missions from 1992 to 2017. The obtained velocity maps identify, with high accuracy, the border of a fluvial incised valley formed after the last glacial maximum (LGM) and filled by unconsolidated Holocene deposits. These consist of lagoon and fluvial sediments that are affected by a much higher subsidence than the surrounding LGM deposits forming the external plain. Displacement time-series of localized sectors inside the post-LGM incision allowed the causes of vertical movements to be explored, which consist of the consolidation of recent deposits, due to the loading of new structures and infrastructures, and the exploitation of the shallow phreatic aquifer.

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Merkù, Pavle. "Onomastica tergestina nel Trecento." Linguistica 31, no. 1 (December 1, 1991): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.31.1.317-324.

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Dallo spoglio dei nomi personali attestati nei sette codici di entrate e uscite conservati presso l' Archivio Capitolare di S. Giusto in Trieste e che riguardano uno dei secoli piu ricchi di testimonianze storiche della città giuliana (1307-1406), risultano numerose forme cognominali e soprannominali espresse nel registro linguistico tergestino. La mancata pubblicazione del dizionario linguistico tergestino di Mario Doria rende impossibile un raffronto con il materiale lessicale tergestino fino a oggi noto, per cui si basa, a fini comparativi, esclusivamente sui due repertori lessicali tergestini dal Doria finora publicati (Elementi friulaneggianti ne/ dialetto triestino, in Italia linguistica nuova ed antica II, Galatina 1978, 329-405; Nuovi materiali per lo studio degli elementi lessicali friulaneggianti del dialetto triestino, in Archivio per l' Alto Adige LXVII, 1979 (Studi in memoria di Carlo Battisti editi dall'Istituto di Studi per l' Alto Adige), Firenze 1979, 65-100); sul Dizionario del dialetto muglisano di Diomiro Zudini e Pierpaolo Dorsi (Casamassima, Udine 1981) e sui due grandi vocabolari friulani: II nuovo Pirana di Giulio Andrea Pirona, Ercole Carletti e Giovanni Battista Corgnali (Udine 1935, rist. 1977) e il Vocabolario de/la linguafriu/ana di Giorgio Faggin (Del Bianco, Udine 1985).

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Hajdas, Irka, Laura Hendriks, Alessandro Fontana, and Giovanni Monegato. "Evaluation of Preparation Methods in Radiocarbon Dating of Old Wood." Radiocarbon 59, no. 3 (December 15, 2016): 727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.98.

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AbstractFrom the early days of radiocarbon dating, the standard sample treatment has involved removal of contamination from carbonates and humic acids by washes in acid and base, respectively. A modification of this acid-base-acid (ABA) method has been suggested, especially for material older than 20,000 yr. However, the criticism of ABA and application of a more aggressive oxidizing method, such as wet oxidation (ABOX) or cellulose extraction, might only be needed in some special cases, for example, in the case of poorly preserved or chemically treated wood. Separation of cellulose seems to be the ultimate solution; however, it is not always applicable when samples contain small amounts of wood. As a part of studies focusing on the chronology of late Pleistocene sedimentary processes in the Venetian–Friulian Plain and Carnic Alps (NE Italy), 14C analyses were performed on old wood samples found in sedimentary deposits of pre-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) age. Wood samples were treated by five methods: ABA, two modified ABA treatments (ABOX and ABA+Bleach), as well as two different cellulose separations. Infrared spectra of treated samples and 14C results show that in most cases the ABA method is sufficient in removing the contamination of naturally deposited wood, even when the wood is of very old age.

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