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1
Lv, Bingfeng. "Chirality in the ¹³⁶Nd and ¹³⁵Nd nuclei." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS353/document.
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Le mode d’excitation collective exotique appelé chiralité a été étudié et des isomères de longue durée de vie ont été recherchés dans les noyaux ¹³⁶Nd et ¹³⁵Nd. Cinq paires de bandes Δ I=1 presque dégénérées et de même parité ont été identifiées à des spins élevés dans ¹³⁶Nd Les bandes observées ont été étudiées en utilisant la théorie de la fonctionnelle de densité covariante contrainte et rotation autour d'une axe incliné, et par un nouveau modèle de rotor plus particules développé pour décrire le couplage de particules dans quatre couches j à un rotor triaxial. Les propriétés de ces bandes doublet sont en bon accord avec les résultats des calculs théoriques. Par conséquent, l'existence de bandes chirales multiples (MχD) dans le noyau ¹³⁶Nd a été établie. Il s'agit de la première preuve expérimentale de l'existence de bandes chirales dans des noyaux pairs. Les cinq paires de bandes chirales constituent le plus grand ensablé de bandes chirales observé jusqu'à présent dans un seul noyau. De plus, le schéma de niveaux de ¹³⁶Nd a été considérablement étendu aux spins bas, moyens et très élevés. Les configurations possibles de toutes les bandes rotationnelles ont été attribuées á l'aide du modèle Nilsson-Strutinsky en rotation. La structure de ¹³⁶Nd a été clarifiée et les divers types d'excitations uni-particule et collectives ont été bien compris. Une nouvelle paire de bandes chirales á parité positive a été identifiée dans. Les caractéristiques des bandes soutiennent leur interprétation en termes de bandes chirales. Des bandes chirales à parité négative ayant été identifiées précédemment, la présence de multiple bandes chirales dans ¹³⁵Nd est ainsi établie. Les bandes chirales observées ont été étudiées en utilisant la théorie avec fonctionnelle de densité covariante contrainte et avec le modèle rotor plus particules; elles reproduisent fidèlement les données expérimentales, confirmant ainsi le phénomène MχD dans ce noyau. Les bandes chirales nouvellement observées dans ¹³⁵Nd représentent une étape importante dans la confirmation de l'existence du phénomène MχD dans les noyaux. La recherche d'états isométriques à longue durée de vie dans ¹³⁵Nd et ¹³⁶Nd a été aussi effectuée, mais n'a pas permis d'identifier de nouveaux isomères. Cependant, nous avons pu confirmer la présence des isomères déjà identifiés dans les noyaux ¹³⁸Nd, ¹³⁴Ce, ¹³⁶Pr, et ¹³⁷Pr dans nos donnéesThe exotic collective excitation mode called chirality has been investigated and long-lived isomers have been searched for in the ¹³⁶Nd and ¹³⁵Nd nuclei. Five pairs of nearly degenerate Δ I=1 bands with the same parity have been identified at high spins in ¹³⁶Nd. The observed bands were investigated by the constrained and tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory and a new developed four single-j shells particle-rotor model. It was found that the properties of these doublet bands are in good agreement with results of the model calculations. Therefore, the multiple chiral doublets (MχD) phenomenon in the nucleus ¹³⁶Nd was confirmed. This was the first experimental evidence for the MχD bands in even-even nuclei. The five pairs of chiral doublet bands is the largest observed in a single nucleus until now. In addition, the level scheme of the ¹³⁶Nd has been extended significantly at low, medium, and very high spins. Possible configurations of all rotational bands have been assigned by using the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky model. The band structure of ¹³⁶Nd was clarified and the various types of single-particle and collective excitations were well understood. A new pair of positive-parity chiral doublet bands has been identified in ¹³⁵Nd. The characteristics of the doublet bands support the chiral interpretation. Together with the previously reported negative-parity chiral doublet bands show the presence of MχD bands in ¹³⁵Nd. The observed doublet bands were compared with constrained covariant density functional theory and particle-rotor model calculations which nicely reproduce the experimental data, confirming the MχD phenomenon in this nucleus. The newly observed MχD bands in ¹³⁵Nd represent an important milestone in supporting the existence of MχD in nuclei. The search for long-lived isomeric states in ¹³⁵Nd and ¹³⁶Nd has also been performed. This did not lead to the identification of new isomers, but we could confirm the existence of the previously reported isomers in the nuclei ¹³⁸Nd, ¹³⁴Ce, ¹³⁶Pr, and ¹³⁷Pr in our data
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Kumar, Golden. "Structural and magnetic characterization of Nd-based Nd-Fe and Nd-Fe-Co-Al metastable alloys." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1118153436094-69139.
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The aim of the present work is to characterize a metastable hard magnetic phase referred to as "A1" in Nd-Fe alloys, which forms as a part of the fine eutectic depending on the composition and cooling rate. In order to define the range of composition for the formation of A1, Nd100-xFex (x = 20, 25, 40) alloys are cooled at about 150 K/s. The results indicate that for a cooling rate of 150 K/s, the hypereutectic Nd100-xFex (x = 20) alloys solidify into hard magnetic A1 whilst the hypoeutectic alloys (x = 40) show the formation of Nd2Fe17 crystallites. However, no sample cooled at 150 K/s shows the peaks of Nd5Fe17 as expected from the equilibrium Nd-Fe phase diagram. The effect of cooling rate on the formation of hard magnetic A1 is studied by investigating the Nd80Fe20 alloys cooled at different rates. The microstructure of hard magnetic Nd80Fe20 alloys displays a fine eutectic-like matrix consisting of Nd-richer and Fe-richer regions. The Nd-richer regions are identified as dhcp Nd and fcc Nd-Fe solid solution. However, the Fe-richer regions also referred to as A1, are diffuse and give an average composition of Nd56Fe44. These regions yield complex electron diffraction patterns, which do not match with any known Nd-Fe phase. HRTEM images of the Fe-richer regions reveal the presence of 5-10 nm crystallites embedded in an amorphous phase. Thus the Fe-richer regions of the hard magnetic Nd80Fe20 specimens are not a single homogeneous phase rather they are mixture of finely dispersed nanocrystallites in an amorphous phase. The demagnetization curves the hard magnetic Nd80Fe20 measured at temperatures above 30 K are typical of a hard magnetic material. The coercivity increases from 0.48 to 4.4 T with the temperature decreasing from 300 to 55 K. The demagnetization curves change from single to two-phase type when the temperature approaches 29 K, ordering temperature of fcc Nd-Fe solid solution. The measurements of initial magnetization, field dependence of coercivity, and temperature dependence of coercivity suggest the Stoner-Wohlfarth type magnetization reversal process for the hard magnetic A1. The values of anisotropy constant are estimated by fitting the magnetization data to the law-of-approach to saturation. The temperature dependence of anisotropy constant and the coercivity indicate that the origin of coercivity is magnetic anisotropy. A cluster model with sperimagnetic arrangement of Nd and Fe spins is used to explain the hard magnetic behavior of the mold-cast Nd80Fe20. Structural and magnetic properties of multicomponent Nd60Co30-xFexAl10 (0 < x < 30) alloys are compared with the binary Nd-Fe alloys. Magnetic measurements of the multicomponent alloys show that the magnetic properties are controlled by the fraction of the Fe content. The coercivity of the Nd60Co30-xFexAl10 mold-cast rods does not vary much with the Fe-content for more than 10 at.% Fe but the remanence and the maximum magnetization increase linearly with the Fe content. The temperature dependence of coercivity, effective anisotropy constant, and anisotropy field are identical to those for the binary Nd80Fe20 mold-cast rod. These results clearly suggest that the binary Nd80Fe20 and the multicomponent Nd60Co30-xFexAl10 (x > 5) mold-cast rods are magnetically identical.
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Kumar, Golden. "Structural and magnetic characterization of Nd-based Nd-Fe and Nd-Fe-Co-Al metastable alloys." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2004. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24505.
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The aim of the present work is to characterize a metastable hard magnetic phase referred to as "A1" in Nd-Fe alloys, which forms as a part of the fine eutectic depending on the composition and cooling rate. In order to define the range of composition for the formation of A1, Nd100-xFex (x = 20, 25, 40) alloys are cooled at about 150 K/s. The results indicate that for a cooling rate of 150 K/s, the hypereutectic Nd100-xFex (x = 20) alloys solidify into hard magnetic A1 whilst the hypoeutectic alloys (x = 40) show the formation of Nd2Fe17 crystallites. However, no sample cooled at 150 K/s shows the peaks of Nd5Fe17 as expected from the equilibrium Nd-Fe phase diagram. The effect of cooling rate on the formation of hard magnetic A1 is studied by investigating the Nd80Fe20 alloys cooled at different rates. The microstructure of hard magnetic Nd80Fe20 alloys displays a fine eutectic-like matrix consisting of Nd-richer and Fe-richer regions. The Nd-richer regions are identified as dhcp Nd and fcc Nd-Fe solid solution. However, the Fe-richer regions also referred to as A1, are diffuse and give an average composition of Nd56Fe44. These regions yield complex electron diffraction patterns, which do not match with any known Nd-Fe phase. HRTEM images of the Fe-richer regions reveal the presence of 5-10 nm crystallites embedded in an amorphous phase. Thus the Fe-richer regions of the hard magnetic Nd80Fe20 specimens are not a single homogeneous phase rather they are mixture of finely dispersed nanocrystallites in an amorphous phase. The demagnetization curves the hard magnetic Nd80Fe20 measured at temperatures above 30 K are typical of a hard magnetic material. The coercivity increases from 0.48 to 4.4 T with the temperature decreasing from 300 to 55 K. The demagnetization curves change from single to two-phase type when the temperature approaches 29 K, ordering temperature of fcc Nd-Fe solid solution. The measurements of initial magnetization, field dependence of coercivity, and temperature dependence of coercivity suggest the Stoner-Wohlfarth type magnetization reversal process for the hard magnetic A1. The values of anisotropy constant are estimated by fitting the magnetization data to the law-of-approach to saturation. The temperature dependence of anisotropy constant and the coercivity indicate that the origin of coercivity is magnetic anisotropy. A cluster model with sperimagnetic arrangement of Nd and Fe spins is used to explain the hard magnetic behavior of the mold-cast Nd80Fe20. Structural and magnetic properties of multicomponent Nd60Co30-xFexAl10 (0 < x < 30) alloys are compared with the binary Nd-Fe alloys. Magnetic measurements of the multicomponent alloys show that the magnetic properties are controlled by the fraction of the Fe content. The coercivity of the Nd60Co30-xFexAl10 mold-cast rods does not vary much with the Fe-content for more than 10 at.% Fe but the remanence and the maximum magnetization increase linearly with the Fe content. The temperature dependence of coercivity, effective anisotropy constant, and anisotropy field are identical to those for the binary Nd80Fe20 mold-cast rod. These results clearly suggest that the binary Nd80Fe20 and the multicomponent Nd60Co30-xFexAl10 (x > 5) mold-cast rods are magnetically identical.
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Delamare, José. "Etude microstructurale d'alliages Nd-Fe et Nd-Fe-Al : corrélation aux phases secondaires des aimants Nd-Fe-B." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES058.
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La microstructure d'un alliage eutectique Nd-Fe a été étudiée grâce à la microscopie électronique à transmission. Il apparaît que le composé métastable A1 est constitué de deux composés nanocristallins, dont les compositions sont proches de Nd20Fe80 et Nd40Fe60 (% at. ). L'origine de la formation de tels composés est interprétée dans un diagramme de phases binaire métastable, incluant la phase NdFe2. Les caractéristiques structurales des autres phases du système binaire sont également étudiées. L'addition d'aluminium aux alliages Nd-Fe dont la composition est riche en Nd modifie drastiquement les propriétés macroscopiques (coercitivité, dureté). Ces effets sont liés aux modifications microstructurales apportées par l'aluminium (disparition de la phase A1 au profit de la phase ternaire U). La microstructure de ces alliages est voisine de celle de la phase intergranulaire rencontrée dans les aimants (Fe, Al)-Nd-B. Une étude bibliographique a confirmé que la phase U s'y présentait sous la forme de lamelles. Son influence sur la coercitivité des aimants est discutée. La structure cristalline polytypique de la phase U a été mise en évidence par diffraction électronique. Les polytypes 12R, 4H, 8H ont été identifiés. Une méthode permettant de déterminer les positions atomiques au sein de la maille polytypique est brièvement expliquée
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Guillot-Noël, Olivier. "Probabilites de transition et largeur des raies d'absorption dans la matrice laser yvo 4:nd : interactions nd-nd et nd-matrice, effets de champ cristallin, liaison chimique." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066508.
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L'avenement du pompage par diodes laser des lasers solides a suscite la recherche de materiaux lasers bien adaptes a ce type d'excitation. Actuellement, c'est la matrice zircon yvo 4:nd qui semble la plus performante, notamment dans le cadre d'un usage tres specifique : les lasers microchips ou micropuces. Pour ce type d'application, comme les cristaux lasers sont de petites tailles ( 1 mm 3), l'ion nd 3 + doit presenter des sections efficaces d'absorption elevees pour absorber la majeure partie du rayonnement de pompage sur une faible epaisseur, et des bandes d'absorption larges pour contrecarrer la derive en longueur d'onde des diodes (0,3 nm/\c) par suite de l'echauffement de leur jonction lorsqu'elles montent en puissance. Une etude plus en amont des relations entre la structure du materiau (site de substitution de l'ion neodyme, importance des groupements vo 4 3 -) et les proprietes optiques de l'ion nd 3 + (large bande d'absorption homogene, section efficace d'absorption elevee autour de 810 nm) est proposee. Pour tenter de comprendre les liens etroits entre le solide et le dopant, nous n'etudions pas seulement la matrice yvo 4 : nd, mais plutot une serie isostructurale, en substituant le groupement vo 4 par les groupements po 4 et aso 4, afin de determiner l'importance de ces groupements sur les proprietes de l'ion neodyme. Notre travail s'articule autour de trois poles. Les interactions nd 3 +-matrice sont etudiees d'un point de vue electrostatique (approche de type champ cristallin). Ceci nous conduit a analyser, a basse temperature, les inhomogeneites de distribution de l'ion neodyme dans les sites de substitution des matrices zircon. Nous etudions l'influence de la temperature sur les largeurs des transitions optiques de l'ion nd 3 +, la matrice n'etant plus consideree comme statique mais plutot dynamique. Nous revenons enfin sur les interactions nd 3 +-matrice en tenant compte des interactions orbitalaires entre les niveaux de la terre rare et ceux de la matrice.
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Steyaert, Sabine. "Corrosion de poudres Nd-Fe-B et Nd-Fe-B/Fe : analyse structurale ; cinétique d'oxydation de la phase Nd 2Fe 1 4B." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES070.
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Le mécanisme et la cinétique d'oxydation de la phase Nd 2Fe 1 4B ont été caractérisés par spectrométrie Mössbauer en étudiant le comportement en corrosion de poudres 0-20 m d'aimants frittés Nd-Fe-B de compositions variées. Au cours du processus d'oxydation, le néodyme de la phase Nd 2Fe 1 4B est oxydé, provoquant la dissociation de cette phase en nanograins de -Fe (magnétiquement couplés), en particules superparamagnétiques de Fe 3O 4 (de taille 6 nm), et en régions de Nd 2O 3 amorphe. La structure et la taille des nanograins de -Fe dépendent fortement de la température d'oxydation. Le processus de dissociation de la phase Nd 2Fe 1 4B est régi par la diffusion de l'oxygène le long des joints des nanograins de -Fe ou le long des défauts. Les cinétiques expérimentales de dissociation de cette phase ont été ajustées à l'aide de modèles théoriques de diffusion dans des particules sphériques. Les paramètres cinétiques obtenus, c'est-à-dire l'énergie d'activation et le facteur pré-exponentiel du coefficient de diffusion de l'oxygène, sont respectivement 110 kj. Mol 1 et 2,4 mm 2. S 1, dans le cas d'un aimant fritté de composition Nd 1 6Fe 7 6B 8. Le choix de la taille des particules constituant les poudres et de la température d'oxydation est déterminant quant à l'obtention des paramètres cinétiques, en raison de la compétition entre les processus de diffusion intergranulaire et intragranulaire, mise en évidence par microscopie. Un ralentissement du processus de dissociation a été observé pour les aimants contenant des éléments d'addition, attribue à la présence de précipités intragranulaires, résistants à la corrosion. Le comportement en corrosion de poudres nanocomposites Nd 2Fe 1 4B/-Fe a également été suivi afin d'étudier l'influence de la microstructure de cette poudre sur le processus de dissociation de la phase Nd 2Fe 1 4B. Une meilleure résistance à la corrosion a été observée, attribuée à un effet protecteur des nanograins de -Fe.
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Lewy, Patricia L. "Painting history in mid-century America : a case study of Friedel Dzubas's mature style." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/22893/.
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My thesis, “Painting History in Mid-Century America: A Case Study of Friedel Dzubas’s Mature Style (1970s)” examines why Friedel Dzubas—an American artist of German descent whose friends and supporters included the powerful critic Clement Greenberg and the artists in his circle, among them Morris Louis, Jules Olitski, Helen Frankenthaler, and Kenneth Noland—disappeared from the canon of artists associated with Post Painterly Abstraction (Color Field Painting) as it evolved from the later 1950s into the 1970s. My work offers an account of the genesis of Dzubas’s mature style based on a formalist approach to the artist’s work. Chapter One presents Dzubas’s early biography, excavated for the first time from documents in the Friedel Dzubas Estate Archive to which I have been given sole access. Until now, the published critical writings on Dzubas’s works, including those of Clement Greenberg and Michael Fried, have tended to consider Dzubas’s painting in the 1970s anomalous with regard to Post Painterly Abstraction, and even more damaging, to be a nearly failed effort in the simulation of that modernist problematic. While not challenging that reception, I present clear evidence from letters and interviews of Dzubas’s more immediate interests, despite the continued grouping of his work with Post Painterly (Color Field) painters. By the 1970s, these interests showed themselves in abstract symbols of religious import and atmospheric aerial landscape painting. Rather than foregrounding the characteristics that distinguished painting qua painting in modernist theorizations—the canvas’s two-dimensional facticity, the relationship between paint-images and their framing edges, and the releasing of hue in open fields across the surface—Dzubas’s paintings highlight compositional strategies and traditional approaches to the canvas that at the time were considered anachronistic when judged against aesthetic values of material integrity, spontaneous production, color expression, and autonomy. Dzubas’s gessoed grounds, suspended images in shallow space, and allusive, tactile associations challenged modernist precepts at that time. The theory behind this attitude is explored in Chapter Two. Chapter Three presents a close reading of Dzubas’s critical reception, focusing on reviews that while vaunting his color sense and dramatic, roiling surfaces marginalized his production by linking it to his German background and the influence of the great Romantic painters. In Chapter Four, I propose that rather than merely carrying over gestural abstraction from the 1940s and 1950s in America into his own production, Dzubas was more profoundly influenced by the “touch” in historic painting, the colorito in the tradition of the Venetians dating from late Titian to the grand frescoed tableaux of Giambattista Tiepolo, whose vast expanses further inspired Dzubas to create his own religious tableau, his magnum opus, Apocalypsis cum Figuras/Crossing, A.D. 1975, 1975. My case study suggests that for his grand realization, Dzubas had reached back to his early training in decorative wall painting and to specific characteristics of Tiepolo’s vast panoramas whose figuration was grounded in affective gestures of 18th-century opera seria. Dzubas’s turn toward Tiepolo affirms his commitment to the theatrical as well as to the pictorial structures of religious depictions of the Day of Judgment.
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Kafaru, Abiodun Babatunde. "An exploration of painting aesthetics, signs, symbols, motifs and patterns of coastal Yoruba land of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2014. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/8864/.
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Lee-Woolfe, Tamsin. "The reception of French painting in Britain, c.1690-c.1740." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51745/.
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The reception of French pictures, artists and art literature in Britain during the early eighteenth century has hitherto remained an understudied area within British art history. Modern scholarship has often characterised this period as experiencing an influx of continental influences which aided the development of British art, collecting, and patronage. However, there is the tendency to focus such a study within the latter decades of the century. This thesis combines document-based research with pictorial study in order to determine the ways that English audiences responded to the presence of French pictures, but also imitated, modified and criticised French artistic ideas and forms during the period Four chapters explore the different ways in which English travellers, collectors and patrons came to acquire, commission and learn about French painting. This will firstly be achieved through a consideration of English artists visiting Paris during this period, and associated travel literature, particularly the notebook of the painter James Thornhill. This leads to an examination of the interactions between collectors and their agents and dealers in the acquisition of French pictures on the London art market and abroad. This study also establishes the impact of French visual and literary sources on the mural paintings of Louis Laguerre and his English patrons. Lastly, this thesis considers the readership for French art literature and the contribution of English translations and treatises. Together, these topics serve to illustrate the multitude of ways in which French art and ideas became embedded within English artistic culture during this period.
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Carey, Heather Christine. "Processing structure and properties of rapidly solidified Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet materials with low Nd contents." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321851.
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Amri, Noureddine. "Etude métallurgique des systèmes Fe-Nd, Fe-Dy et Fe-Nd-Dy : existence et stabilité de phases." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES041.
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La formation de la phase métastable A1 dans les alliages Fe-Nd solidifiés de différentes façons est étudiée. Sa composition chimique estimée grâce à la microsonde électronique est très riche en fer (65 à 70% at. Fer). Son domaine d'existence, sa fraction volumique ainsi que sa cinétique de transformation en Nd2Fe1#7, sont fortement liés à la vitesse de solidification et à la composition de l'alliage. La substitution de l'Al au Fe dans la phase Nd5Fe1#7 se fait d'une manière indirecte à travers la réaction péritectoïde de la phase Nd2Fe1#7 (avec l'aluminium en substitution au fer). La phase nommée a#2 (Nd5Fe1#7 avec Al en substitution) est totalement différente de la phase (phase stable dans le ternaire Fe-Nd-Al). L'influence de la substitution de l'Al dans les phases A1 et Nd2Fe1#7 est également étudiée. Dans l'alliage ternaire Fe-Nd-Dy, la phase A1 est complètement supprimée. La phase Nd5Fe1#7 accepte du dysprosium en substitution au Nd mais en faible quantité, car au-delà d'un certain taux de Dy dans la phase, elle est déstabilisée au bénéfice de la phase de laves pseudo-binaire Fe2 (Nd, Gy) parfaitement stable
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Neher, Gabriele. "Moretto and Romanino : religious painting in Brescia 1510-1550 : identity in the shadow of La serenissima." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2315/.
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This thesis examines several works of religious content produced by the Brescian painters Gerolamo Romano, 11 Romanino (148487-15'59) and Alessandro Bonvicino, 11 Moretto (1498-1554), produced for patrons and locations in Brescia between 15 10 and 1550. This enquiry has drawn on little used historical material in order to integrate the discussion of the images into a wider social and historical context. The key aim of this study is to establish how Romanino and Moretto defined a Brescian identity in art. This will be argued by using two different approaches in order to examine the existence, and the manifestations, of such a local identity One approach taken in this study is to look at groups of corporate patrons and to consider the works executed for them in terms of similarities of content. Chapters 2 and 3 in turn consider the works executed by Romanino and Moretto for the Congregations of Santa Giustina of Padua, and of San Giorgio in Alga. The second approach adopted for the purposes of examination of strategies for the establishment of a Brescian visual identity employed in this study is to focus on representations of the Eucharist. It will be shown that Moretto developed a new visual motif of the 'Eucharistic Christ' in response to the growing popularity of the Forty Hours devotion in Brescia.
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Gordon, Grier Robertson. "Scottish scenes and Scottish story : the later career of David Allan, historical painter." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2505/.
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David Allan's artistic career may be divided into two major periods. Having first attended the Foulis Academy, he spent at least a decade in Italy, finally returning to Scotland in 1779, his home for the next seventeen years. The pictures which he executed during this second period form the basis of the present study. Since the emphasis of this study is thematic rather than biographical, some distortion of chronology is inevitable, though it is not uncomfortably obvious. At the same time, some element of biography is indispensable. This is particuarly true of the first chapter, a necessary setting of the scene which highlights Allan's training in the arts, his collection of prints, copies, original drawings and plaster casts, and the most important works from his years abroad. That part of this biographical account which deals with his Scottish career is devoted largely to Allan's work as Master of the Trustees' Academy, since the pictures with which he was occupied at this time - portraits, Conversation pieces, literary illustrations, Historical paintings and Genre scenes - are taken in groups and discussed in greater depth in the chapters which follow. Before the first chapter concerned with Allan's work in any of these genres, however, there stands a chapter dealing with the wider context of narrative painting in Britain at the time and introducing a number of themes traced throughout later chapters, where they are more fully and particularly discussed.
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Drew, Rodger. "Symbolism and sources in the painting and poetry of Dante Gabriel Rossetti." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3426/.
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The Thesis examines the symbolism, and the sources of that symbolism, in the poetry and painting of Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Chapter 1 considers the significance of the title of Rossetti's sonnet-sequence The House of Life. Chapter 2 looks at the opening sonnets of that sequence. Chapter 3 scrutinises the sonnet quartet of the Willow-wood sequence. Chapter 4 evaluates the influence of Platonism and Neoplatonism in Rossetti's art. Chapter 5 is concerned with Rossetti's use of allegory. Chapter 6 surveys the influence of Rosicrucianism on Rossetti and his immediate circle of the pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, and on the Aesthetic School that succeeded it. This chapter closely examines the symbolic motifs of Rosicrucianism, and how these may be traced in the paintings of these artists. Chapter 7 explores the Rosicrucian influence in Rossetti's poetry. Chapter 8 further traces these influences in Rossetti's painting. Chapter 9 investigates the Goddess figure within Rossetti's later paintings.
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Lühr, Berit. "The language of gestures in some of El Greco's altarpieces." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3662/.
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This study explores El Greco's language of gestures. The first part will explain the preconditions for the general development towards rhetorical gestures and draw parallels with El Greco's artistic development in the sphere of gestures. In addition, handbooks on gestures are introduced. The second part will analyse how El Greco applied gestures, using examples of his paintings. It will reveal how El Greco developed some gestures over more than thirty years, and how he creates with their help an intense concentrated mood in his paintings. It will also demonstrate how he worked by means of hyperbole to evoke an inspiring atmosphere, how he created space with the help of gestures and gaze, and how he transformed the meaning of some 'model' gestures he took over from famous Italian painters. Finally, this work seeks to renew and intensify the analysis of gestures in painting as a way of approaching the paintings and revealing layers of meaning that can not be found by an analysis solely focused on iconographic topics. In this study the body is taken as a mediator of signs, difficult to read, but decipherable. This study is intended to be a step forward in approaching a deeper understanding of the codified language of gesture. It should open the way to an intensified concern with the language of gestures, with the reading of bodily signs in paintings.
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Quilley, Geoff. "The imagery of travel in British painting : with particular reference to nautical and maritime imagery, circa 1740-1800." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34751/.
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The dissertation is divided into two sections, dealing with the positive and negative faces of travel and the sea in visual art, each further subdivided by chapter. Following the introduction, Chapter 2 deals with cartography, providing a broad context for the cultural reception of travel imagery. Chapter 3 discusses Thames imagery. It is argued that the increased interest in the river as a pictorial subject was part of a growing view of London as the metropolis of a grand commercial empire, whereby the Thames was aligned to the construction of the imperial nation. Chapter 4 examines metropolitan contexts for travel and maritime imagery. Conflicts are noticed between the image of navigation as a sign for commerce, and the marginalization of marine artists from polite artistic society. Patterns of patronage also indicate an ideological and actual distancing of the maritime nation from maritime communities. The second section turns to the image of the sea as a negative force in British culture. After an introduction, Chapter 5 examines the problematic depiction of the lower deck sailor, as a contradictory figure in national culture. Chapter 6 looks at how smugglers and wreckers were visualized, as wreckers both of individual ships, and of the larger ship of the commercial state, which assumed markedly political connotations in the 1790s. Chapter 7 considers the slave trade, especially the implications of the absence of imagery dealing positively with such an important component of the maritime nation's prosperity. It is argued that the force of abolitionist images relies upon inversions of pictorial conventions. Chapter 8 examines the wider significance of shipwreck imagery, in relation to shipwreck literature. Discussion of illustrations to Falconer's poem, The Shipwreck, is extended to the wider field of the shipwreck narrative. By providing a vehicle for the expression of native virtues, shipwreck reinforced British identity's being located with the sea, at the same time as it was shown stricken by disaster. The Conclusion considers further how national concerns and values were mediated by the image of maritime disaster. Through a consideration of Loutherbourg's work of the 1790s, it is argued that the aesthetic of the maritime, by being increasingly interleaved with the sublime, permeated a wide variety of imagery. But the naturalization of the nation in the sublimity of the sea represented it continually on the verge of disintegration. For a maritime nation enduring the crises of naval mutiny and continual threat of invasion by sea, this was peculiarly apposite.
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Avilio, Carlo. "Naturalism and the picaresque in Jusepe de Ribera's work." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/92095/.
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Although it was an era of extraordinary scientific progress and fertile methodological debate, the seventeenth century was characterized by a profound vein of scepticism that can be traced throughout its literary, scientific and philosophical works. Upon his arrival in Italy, the Spanish painter Jusepe de Ribera (1591-1652), one of the most innovative interpreters of Caravaggio’s painting in Europe, wittily thematized, through his series of the Senses (c.1612-1616), the aspirations, achievements and doubts of his age with regard to man’s sensorial experiences and the possibility of investigating and comprehending the functioning of the senses. Scholars have singled out both the allusions within Ribera’s paintings to scientific experimentalism and their affinity with the themes which characterised contemporary Spanish picaresque literature. However, neither the ‘picaresque vein’ nor the scientific factors in question have been analysed per se, or indeed been examined comparatively. In this regard, my main contention is that, by juxtaposing the tools of the new science with low-genre props, the Senses series clearly alludes to contemporary discussions about the function and reliability of sensory perception, a theme which was then of the utmost importance. By staging the equivalent of the pícaro, the shabby protagonist of numerous novels who has to constantly struggle for his existence and who is both assisted and misled by his senses, Ribera’s series parodies not only the experimental method which had been established by the Roman and Neapolitan members of the Accademia dei Lincei, but also Galileo’s contributions to the debate. By the same token, his connection with picaresque literature is often reduced to Ribera’s predilection for plebeian models and his propensity to represent high subject matters with ordinary figures and accessories. The main goal of this thesis is to offer a new interpretation of Ribera’s naturalism and its interconnections with the picaresque novel, as developed not only in Spain but also in Spanish Naples. My contention is, in fact, that these two aspects of Ribera’s art are not only inextricably connected, but are also specifically rooted in early seventeenth-century Roman and Neapolitan culture and society.
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Ichikawa, Kayoko. "Guido da Siena's narrative panels and the Madonna del Voto : the formation of the Marian civic identity in Sienese Art c.1260." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/77733/.
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This thesis examines the reconstructed altarpiece formed by the Madonna del Voto, the Coronation of the Virgin, and the twelve narrative panels dated circa 1267 and attributed to Guido da Siena, currently dispersed in museums in Europe and America. The reconstructed altarpiece is vital to the study of early Sienese art because of its association with the Madonna del Voto in Siena cathedral, the most venerated icon believed to be once on the high altar. If proven, it represents a significant rediscovery of an altarpiece commissioned to commemorate the miraculous intercession of the Virgin who granted Sienese victory over Florence in 1260 at the Battle of Montaperti, giving birth to Siena’s identity as ‘the City of the Virgin’. Moreover, it reveals a more comprehensive view of the precedent of the complex altarpiece, the Maestà by Duccio di Buoninsegna dated 1308-11. However, the unconventional format and the iconographical programme of Guido’s reconstructed altarpiece has been criticised, and its original location on the cathedral high altar is questioned. The four chapters of this thesis reassessed the validity of the reconstruction of Guido’s altarpiece and its original location on the high altar by combining the methodological tools of altarpiece studies and pictorial narrative studies. Chapter 1 clarified that the reconstruction is highly probable from a technical viewpoint. Chapter 2 proposed an alternative interpretation of the historical documents suggesting its original location on the high altar. Chapters 3 and 4 examined the two extra-biblical episodes (the Ascent of the Cross and the Coronation of the Virgin), which are often associated with Franciscan commissions, and argued that they were selected to emphasise the Virgin’s intercession. The reconstructed altarpiece of exceptional format and iconographical selection was thus probably an invention for the important commission for Siena cathedral where art embodied the Marian civic identity.
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Gore, Charlotte. "Identities in transition : German landscape painting 1871-1914." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1724/.
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The approach to this thesis uses political history to interpret art history. The following chapters are dedicated to uncovering how artists defined Germany’s various lands. The analysis of identities in the paintings in this thesis are considered to be intangible, for at times artists are clearly constructing regional identities, particularly in the Worpswede colony. Others, such as the Eifel landscapes, are conscious markers of a national identity and attempts to combine it with the local. The Dachau paintings expand the issue further since, as it is argued here, Bavaria aspired to be a nation-state in its own right so artists represented a regional (Dachau) identity and federal and national (Bavarian) identity both of which fed into an overarching national (German) identity. The identities studied in this thesis are not binary; one does not exclusively dominate the other, but are constructed in a constant negotiation between the local, regional and national. As such this study participates in a wider dialogue that has exploded since the 1960s in sociology and beyond about the formation of identity.
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Collier, Carly Elizabeth. "British artists and early Italian art c. 1770-1845 : the pre Pre-Raphaelites?" Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/62965/.
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This thesis examines the hitherto largely-overlooked multifarious response by British artists to early Italian art which pre-dated the activity of the Pre-Raphaelites and their greatest champion, John Ruskin. The title of this thesis does not endeavour to claim that the artists under examination consciously formed or naturally constituted a group with clearly defined common interests and aims, as was the case with their aforementioned successors. Rather, the collective ‘pre’ Pre-Raphaelites is intended to demonstrate that, contrary to the impression given by the standard scholarship on this area, there were British artists prior to the dawn of the Pre-Raphaelites who found worth in periods of art beyond what was conventionally considered both generally tasteful and also useful for an artist to imitate, and who indeed made many of the important steps which facilitated the Pre-Raphaelites’ rediscovery of early Italian art in the late 1840s. The temporal span of the main investigative thrust of this thesis is, approximately, 1770 - 1845. Its structure is intended to reflect the multiplicity of both the catalysts and then the subsequent responses of British artists to the Italian primitives. The first part of the thesis comprises a number of chapters which offer a broad contextual framework - encompassing analyses of taste, artistic education and historiography - within which the varied activities of the artists explored in the subsequent chapters are set. Parts two and three reveal the very different approaches taken by a series of artists in the decades either side of the turn of the century in their attempts to study, learn from and sometimes emulate the visual lessons of the past. Thus this thesis rescues the often marginalised contributions of a selection of British artists to the resurgence of interest in early Italian art, and demonstrates how fundamental their interpretive filter was for the nature of the quasi-revolution in taste in the last half of the nineteenth century.
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Anderson, Joanne W. "The Magdalen fresco cycles of the Trentino, Tyrol and Swiss Grisons, c.1300-c.1500." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3111/.
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This thesis presents and contextualises a distinct cluster of fresco cycles depicting the life of Mary Magdalen in the central-eastern Alpine regions of Trentino, Tyrol and the Swiss Grisons from the late middle ages to the early Renaissance. Located for the most part in the marginal rural parish ambit and reflecting the agenda of the local patron, these cycles offer an alternate manifestation of the popularity and relevence of a major saint at this time. As such my thesis is a corrective to the precedence placed on the role of the mendicant orders in the development and transmission of the Magdalen cult and its visual canon. Through a series of interrelated case study chapters, I examine the narrative mural paintings found in the churches of Dusch, Rencio, Vadena, Seefeld, Cusiano and Pontresina, with three further appendices presenting relevant comparative works and restoration details. Each chapter sheds light on a neglected but crucial area of late medieval painting, drawing to the fore their individual interpretations of the Magdalen cult but also their affinities to one another. In particular, my thesis establishes the possibility of diverse patronage sources, modes of image reception and access. Moreover, it documents the sophisticated handling of issues such as gender, religious drama and the relevance of the life cycle liturgies, all of which contribute to the many iconographical innovations. In the absence of mendicant association, I suggest that the transmission of the visual cult of Mary Magdalen was made possible by itinerant artists and workshops, as well as a generational network of influence radiating from regional centres. As a result, my thesis contributes to a growing interest in the organisation, life and relevance of rural parish churches and communes and particularly those in remote areas.
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Farquhar, Jillian Clare. "Trecento panel painting in Romagna and Marche : iconography, form and function." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/73552/.
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This thesis investigates the panel paintings produced in the Riminese context in the first half of the Trecento. These altarpieces, crosses and devotional panels have been widely dispersed, fragmented and decontextualised over the centuries, and this study reunites the panels and investigates the unusual iconographical traits and distinctive formats employed. The introduction looks at previous discussions of the panels and at the available documentary evidence. It also discusses the historical context in which the panels were produced. The first chapter re-examines the relationship of Giotto to Rimini and to the Riminese painters by investigating the nature of Giotto's work in Rimini, at the beginning of the Trecento, and how this work influenced local panel painting in the following decades. The second chapter investigates the surviving visual evidence and analyses the forms of iconography, and the types of visual language, utilised by the Riminese painters. The chapter also investigates, in detail, specific images employed by the painters. It reveals that the narrative image was predominant, whereas iconic imagery tended to be subordinated, and highlights the dual impact of Byzantine and modern Italian iconography. The third chapter investigates the group of extant painted crosses from the area around Rimini and proposes that the Franciscan Order was instrumental in the popularity of the painted cross in the region. The fourth chapter discusses the extant altarpieces and attempts to contextualise these fragmented works. It investigates the development of the Riminese altarpiece, from dossal to polyptych, with particular reference to the unusual formats employed in the structures. The final chapter investigates the Riminese devotional panels and links the iconographies with the female mystics of the early Trecento, as well as the Franciscan Spirituals of the Marches. The impact of Adriatic trade on the devotional panels is discussed in terms of the powerful influence of imports from Byzantium, such as mosaic and ivory icons.
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Matino, Gabriele. "Venetian istorie : re-evaluating Giovanni Mansueti's narrative painting (1500-30's)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14255/.
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This thesis challenges existing studies on Giovanni Mansueti (active 1485-1526/27) that have generally tended to undervalue his contribution to Venetian narrative painting. Rather, drawing on extensive primary research my work demonstrates how Mansueti was one of the major interpreters of the “eyewitness style”, in fact a master able to picture the unique requirements and expectations of his various patrons. Chapter 1 analyses Mansueti’s little-known cycle in the church of San Martino, Burano (The Betrothal of the Virgin, The Adoration of the Shepherds and The Flight into Egypt, c. 1510), with reference to practices of private devotion in Renaissance Venice. I investigate the paintings by drawing on textual sources that were commonly used in private devotional practices, showing how the paintings projected an ideology built on specifically Venetian interpretations of the Apocrypha. Chapter 2 is a contextual analysis of the Scuola Grande di San Marco. Using original archival findings, it firstly reassesses the Scuola’s art patronage system and bureaucratic procedure; then it investigates the identity of the individual Scuola’s members responsible for commissioning the St Mark Cycle originally decorating the walls of the Sala dell’Albergo. Chapter 3 provides an analysis of Giovanni Mansueti’s three paintings for the Scuola (The Baptism of Anianus and The Healing of Anianus, 1518; Three Episodes from the Life of St. Mark, 1525) in respect to the Sala dell’Albergo narrative cycle. The study focuses on the paintings as visual projections of the Scuola’s ideological understanding of the Muslim ‛others’. It investigates the contextual motives that prompted the Scuola’s merchant brothers to represent their commercial associate as the very tormentors of St Mark.
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Vella, Charlene. "In the footsteps of Antonello Da Messina : the Antonelliani in Sicily and Venice in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80031/.
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This thesis seeks to broaden existing knowledge of the great Sicilian Renaissance artist Antonello da Messina whose work has in recent years been the subject of a growing corpus of research. The main objective is a reassessment of the available evidence of his legacy, in Sicily and Venice, perpetuated by the artistic activity of his immediate family circle, including his son Jacobello, his nephews Salvo d’Antonio, and Antonio and Pietro de Saliba and other close relatives. In this way, it provides precious insights into the workings of the family bottega which, there is reason to believe, Antonello and later his followers operated in both Messina and Venice. Special consideration is given to Antonio de Saliba whose works have survived better than those of the other artists. Moreover, he is the subject of many of the known documentary evidence. His artistic profile has, as a result, become better defined, but this study has also helped to clarify our understanding on the other antonelliani, and, to an extent, of Antonello himself. The thesis bases its arguments and conclusions on the functioning of artistic workshops, networks of patronage and the techniques used in structures and execution of altarpieces. The main argument is that Antonello revolutionised artistic production in eastern Sicily, and his legacy continued to be propagated without much change by his immediate circle for up to five decades from his demise. Furthermore, the thesis confirms how thanks to Antonello’s Venetian sojourn, his son and De Saliba nephews ventured to Venice, broadening their artistic horizons. Circumstantial evidence confirms that they came into contact with one of the greatest artists of the Venetian Renaissance, Giovanni Bellini, with whose bottega they were, it is here proposed, attached.
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May, Suzanne E. "Sublime and infernal reveries : George Romney and the creation of an eighteenth-century history painter." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5810/.
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The image of George Romney presented in his early biographies is of a successful society portraitist by day but the creator of `sublime and infernal reveries' at night by candlelight. Today these passionate designs from literature are characterized as proto- Romantic but, paradoxically, they were created within the context of a disciplined renaissance-humanist tradition. Romney's amateur and professional literary friends supplied him with a profusion of potential subjects and produced eulogistic verses about the artist and his works, stressing his sensitivity, seclusion, humble origins and natural genius. Taking their cue from the formulaic writings about artists from antiquity and the renaissance, the poets applied to Romney legends concerning artistic predispositions towards melancholy and emotional depth and provided a format in which his works of sentimental or tragic themes could be appreciated. The desired end result of their concerted and contrived enterprise was a fame for the artist which also reflected glory on the writers. Post-Romantic-historical methodologies have taken for granted that deference on the part of the artist t wards a visors and patrons carried negative associations and have underestimated the collaborative nature of creativity in the eighteenth century. George Romney's career demonstrates that even within changing social and creative orders, and a long-side more modem impulses, longstanding traditions involving a close association between artists and advisors, striving for mutual benefits, survived well into the early-Romantic period. Examination of the extensive money primary source material, including correspondence with literary friends and his jottings on subjects and artistic theories in notebooks is undertaken within the context o f an analysis of Romney's works and the means of their promulgation. This thesis offers a new interpretation of Romney's career and argues that artistic production in late eighteenth- century Britain cannot be fully understood unless the ambitions and methods of the literary figures advising artists are considered.
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Morley, Simon. "The Anadyomene Movement : metamorphics of figure-ground." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/354402/.
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‘Figure-ground’ is about the production of meaning based on the perception of contrasts or binary oppositions and segregations. Viewers of my paintings, and of the kind of paintings that interest me, have the impression that the ‘figure’ subsides or slips or fades into ‘ground’, or that the ‘ground’ is more powerful or dominant than the‘figure’, or that the ‘figure’ is insecurely attached, suggesting it is incapable, unwilling, too acquiescent or complicit to fully differentiate itself from the ‘ground’. I address flux, mutation, indistinctness and complementarity within the visual field of painting. I develop and extend the heuristic context for the interpretation of my studio practice and for work of a similar kind, and then feedback this new context into my practice in order to generate new works, also in the process shedding a new light on my interpretative models. Beyond this, I also make a more general argument for the re alignment of the relationship between art theory and practice - one that can better incorporate a sense of in between-ness, indistinctness or liminality. My approach is comparative: I look at East Asian art and ideas and, in particular, deploy the writings of the French Sinologist and philosopher François Jullien, in whose work there is the attempt to expand Western epistemology, ontology, semantics and aesthetics via a discussion of Chinese thought and aesthetics. Jullien proposes a paradigm that draws the ‘in-out’ respiratory rhythm or pulse within the perceptual field towards the centre of a theory of representation, a theory that seeks to account for consciousness from the ‘inside’ rather than the ‘outside’. The consequence of this relocation of agency is an interpretative framework that is firmly grounded in a nondualistic and holistic approach, foregrounding affect and empathetic relationships between artist and work, viewer and work, and self and the world. Traditional East Asian thought begins with similar premises to poststructuralism in the West: the ‘self’ is an illusion and the possibility of knowledge of reality independent of thought is dismissed as untenable because there is no objective reality accessible to us. Everything depends on the bias of the mind, rather than on anything we can identify as an innate attribute of reality itself, thus there is no escape from our lived experience, and we are profoundly limited by the interpretive knowledge of our mind; we are trapped within the ‘prison house of language’. But within the different recursive orientations that characterize ‘East’ and ‘West’ the interpretation and consequences of these insights are understood in quite different ways. I explore why this should be the case and what some of the consequences are, both theoretically through the written text and performatively through my studio work.
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Hawkins, Kate. "Sites of action : an investigation of performance painting and spectatorship." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367756/.
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This practice-based research sets out to explore modes of address and spectatorship in relation to contemporary painting. Taking as its point of departure Michael Fried’s Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot (1980), I question whether painting can be performative without becoming theatrical and what this means for spectatorship specifically. Throughout, I aim to establish the contemporary conditions required for painting to firstly be sincere (non-theatrical) and secondly to ‘activate’ the spectator (as well as itself) and thus become ‘performative’. In this way something gets done (J.L.Austin) as opposed to just being described and a reality is changed. I have undertaken detailed research into ‘theatricality’ and ‘performativity’ as concepts, the latter possessing the potential to give power to the artwork and viewer simultaneously, thus enabling both the artwork and spectator to be at once ‘activated’. This sits in opposition to traditionally passive object/subject models of spectatorship. I utilise ideas of ‘action’ throughout the process of my research. The action-reflection spiral constitutes a large part of my method and I also intend for it to be transparent in the outcome of the research i.e the artworks and their consequent agency. Chapter one focuses on theatricality with particular emphasis on Michael Fried’s book Absorption and Theatricality: Painting and Beholder in the Age of Diderot (1980), which is used to scaffold the structure of my argument. I break down his argument into three key terms: ‘absorption’, ‘theatricality’ and ‘tableau’ and discuss them in relation to the paintings, collages and assemblages in my 2011 show titled My Brother is a Hairy Man. Chapter Two involves a discussion of my second 2012 exhibition titled, The King of Hearts Has No Moustache, in relation to performativity (Dorothea von Hantlemann) and networks (David Joselit) within gallery contexts. I unpack this discussion of performativity through the individual discussion of the two exhibition spaces (the front room and back room). In Chapter Three I focus predominantly on spectatorship’s potential for performativity with particular focus on Alfred Gell’s anthropological theory of art. I consider this theory of social agency in relation to my 2013 exhibition Escape The Esplanade which addressed the dichotomy between the spectacle and the spectator, reversing the traditional roles in the process. Through a renegotiation and expansion of the term tableau I conclude a framework was put in place from which the spectator could be ‘absorbed’ and activated in larger exhibition environments. In addition, networked displays of painting, engendered collective sociability and many-to-one (as opposed to one-to-one) performatives, as was demonstrated by the installation of the back room of the second exhibition. This more ‘plural’ performativity ultimately resulted in more ‘activated’ spectators. Finally through an inversion of traditional modes of address in Escape the Esplanade the spectator simultaneously became the spectacle and the artworks spectators. In this way painting, and spectatorship became performative whilst evading theatricality.
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Picot, Natasha Mathilde. "The representation of the indigenous peoples of Mexico in Diego Rivera's National Palace mural, 1929-1935." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10578/.
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This thesis is a multidisciplinary project, drawing on the discourses of Visual Cultural Studies, Latin American history and Critical Theory. Insights from each of these disciplines interact to investigate the representation of the indigenous peoples of Mexico in the mural triptych entitled History of the Mexican People painted by Diego Rivera in the National Palace, Mexico City between 1929 and 1935. The main focus is an exploration of the mural as a cultural text, which is formed through socio-political structures and homogenising nationalist visions. The artist is seen as partly a product of history who acts, both consciously and subconsciously, as a conduit for such historical structures. The investigation requires a multi-dimensional approach as it includes emotional, aesthetic, sociological, political, cultural, philosophical, biographical and material elements. A close-reading of the National Palace mural as a cultural 'text' is undertaken in order to deconstruct certain culturally-specific political myths. The production of the fresco triptych is inextricably interlinked with the construction of the post-revolutionary Mexican nation and socio-cultural mythologies regarding the 'Indian' which are central to nationalist imagery and the post-revolutionary, anthropological theories of indigenismo. Certain distinctive racial strands of nationalist mythology which are represented in the mural are analysed within the framework of Anthony D. Smith's (1999) theory of historical ethno-mythology. I argue, following Smith, that what gives nationalism its power are the myths, memories, traditions and symbols of ethnic heritages and the ways in which a popular living past has been, can be and is rediscovered and reinterpreted by modern, nationalist intelligentsias. Smith's universal theory has not previously been applied in depth to a complex concrete situation. This thesis relates the insights of the theory of nationalist ethno-mythology to the tangible cultural text of History of the Mexican People.
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Toreno, Elisabetta. "Fifteenth-century Italian and Netherlandish female portraiture in context : a legal-anthropological interpretation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6728/.
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This thesis contributes to the study of portraiture by delivering an appraisal of female portraits produced in the urban areas of Italy and Flanders in the fifteenth century. Scholarship on individual and selections of these items exists, but it is fragmented and influenced by Marxist-feminist views about genders and their roles in the system of patriarchy. The term ‘patriarchy’ describes a socio-political and economic organization that is male-controlled. By applying patrilineal rules of patrimonial and political transmission through social stabilisers such as the institution of marriage, it disenfranchises women from decisions that affect their life directly, and ultimately their sense of entitlement. However, in order to function successfully, it creates forms of compensation that diminish the risks of uprising by the marginalised. Concerning women, this could be seen as their feminine experience of these conditions, which feminist analyses tend to overlook. With an original survey of one-hundred and four individual female portraits dated c.1400-c.1500, this thesis explores the relationship between the image and such experience during the rise of entrepreneurial communities, because these groups relied principally on this system to prosper individually and collectively. For the task, this thesis uses a legal-anthropological method that eschews the Marxist-feminist trappings. Its results show that female agency in the domestic environment and the dowry-system produced a binary relationship between men and women and forms of public and private recognition that challenge the basic notion of female marginalisation. Secondly, the Christocentric practices developed by evangelical groups from the early-thirteenth century proved very popular amongst women because they offered varieties of autonomy and public intervention that were otherwise precluded to them. Thirdly, humanism affected a small but important group of women, whose desire for learning challenged conventional propaganda about female inadequacies. This thesis explains the ways in which these facets are integrated in the likenesses of this survey. It demonstrates that fifteenth-century spectatorship received two types of stimuli. One that invested on an affinity of appreciation of the social values of female beauty, fashion and domestic skills, and that articulated ideas of commonwealth and kinship. One other that sought affinity that was more intimate and consistent with the sitter’s psychological condition. These strands ramified into social and ethical discourses that this thesis charts and examines. The one-hundred and four portraits featured in this survey originated predominantly in Flanders and central-northern Italy, the early strongholds of European mercantile groups. Current scholarship compares Netherlandish and Italian portraiture in terms of modernity versus obsolescence because the former developed naturalistic portraits in located backgrounds in c.1430, whilst the latter preferred the profile format until the end of the century. This thesis contests this polarisation because visual and contextual evidence together suggest that sociocultural interests informed choices of formats and the circulation of likenesses to the effect that modernity in portraiture cannot be measured in mere technical terms. Fifteenth-century Netherlandish portraits are, indeed, the earliest examples of modern portraiture but this phenomenon must be understood, this thesis explains, as the product of concomitant conditions that include new media and new attitudes towards the self, caused by the secularisation of culture and the revival of Greco-Roman literature. This thesis also contributes to the knowledge of the genre because it uncovers types of female portraiture that are new to the existing assessments, thereby setting the parameters for a classification of the topic from the perspective of the feminine experience of her own mimesis.
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Andersson, Martin, and Martin Svensson. "Nd YAG laser welding in Titanium-6242." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-764.
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Lehner, N. [Verfasser]. "Neutronenstreuuntersuchungen an (CD₃ND₃)₂MnCl₄ / N. Lehner." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1190100509/34.
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Jumali, Mohammad Hafizuddin Haji. "Nd and Gd (α/β)-SiAlON ceramics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343129.
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MEDEIROS, ILCA M. M. A. "Espectroscopia gama no nucleo sup(149) Nd." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10961.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Brown, Christian Thomas Alcuin. "Nd-doped crystal waveguide lasers and amplifiers." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/394563/.
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This thesis presents the results of investigations into waveguide lasers and optical amplifiers fabricated in Nd-doped crystals. Laser operation of Nd3+ doped Ti:LiNbO3 around 900nm is reported. A threshold power of 26mW was obtained when the device was pumped with a Ti:Al2O3 laser operating around 814nm. The wavelength of the waveguide fundamental mode cut-off was altered by manipulation of the device fabrication parameters to induce higher propagation losses at the parasitic laser wavelength of 1.084µm and thus enhance lasing behaviour around 900nm. A 1.2W diode-pumped, Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) waveguide optical amplifier has been demonstrated with a simple double pass geometry. Small signal gains as high as 28.4dB were observed along with extracted power efficiencies of up to 36%. Deviation from ideal performance is explained by reference to intense pumping effects and pump/signal overlap in the device. The coupling of diode-bars into planar waveguides for high power operation has been analysed. Using a lens array to couple the diode output into an Nd:YAG planar waveguide, an extremely compact, end pumped, device was constructed which had a slope efficiency of 40% with respect to incident pump power and a maximum output power of 1.5W for 6W of diode power. Fibre lens and proximity coupling scheme designs have also been examined. A Ti:Al2O3 face pumped LPE waveguide laser has been demonstrated. Nd:YAG on YAG, Nd:Gd3Ga5O12 on YAG and Nd:YAG on glass waveguides fabricated by thermal bonding have been studied. These structures had numerical apertures of 0.06, 0.74 and 0.82 respectively. The propagation losses, obtained from the laser performance, were found to be 0.7B/cm, 0.4dB/cm and 0.7dB/cm respectively.
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Preda, Cristina-Elena. "Laser Nd³+ : YVO4 : dynamique et conduite optimale." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Preda.pdf.
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Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre général de l'étude de la dynamique des lasers de classe B. Trois aspects sont abordés concernant respectivement la génération d'impulsions de forme arbitraire, la validation de modèles de lasers existants et la mise en évidence d'effets "cliquet" dans la dynamique de ces lasers. Une première partie présente deux méthodes mises au point pour la génération d'impulsions de forme arbitraire (triangle, gaussienne, impulsion à deux bosses) en dépit de la propension du laser à fournir des impulsions "sécante-hyperbolique". Dans les deux cas un Algorithme Génétique (AG) détermine les paramètres du signal de conduite optimal. Si pour la première méthode ce signal est construit à partir de fonctions élémentaires, pour la seconde il résulte d'une interpolation entre points de collocation fixés par l'AG. Les outils développés (couplage captures rapides/traitements en temps réel par AG) ont été mis à profit pour étudier la validité des différents modèles décrivant la dynamique des lasers de classe B fonctionnant en régime monomode ou bi-raie. L'AG est alors utilisé pour comparer l'évolution temporelle de l'intensité émise par le laser à celle calculée à partir du modèle. Ils permettent ainsi d'identifier le modèle le mieux adapté et de déterminer ses paramètres. La bonne connaissance que nous avons de la dynamique de notre laser nous a incité à effectuer une étude détaillée d'effets étonnants induits par une modulation temporelle asymétrique du pompage. Les expériences réalisées constituent la première mise en évidence sur un laser d'un effet "cliquets" similaire à celui proposé par Feynman pour extraire de l'énergie d'un mouvement erratique.
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Normani, Simone. "Nd Lu CaF2 for high-energy lasers." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC230/document.
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La possibilité d’obtenir une émission laser efficace sur une large bande spectrale autour de 1.05 µm a été démontrée récemment en utilisant des monocristaux CaF2 and SrF2 dopés Nd3+. Cette émission, éteinte du fait de la relaxation croisée entre ions dans les matériaux de type fluorite, peut être exaltée avec l’insertion d’ions “tampons” comme Y3+ ou Lu3+. Une émission laser accordable sur une large bande spectrale et la génération d’impulsions ultracourtes sont donc possibles. De plus, ce type de matériau est particulièrement intéressant pour des amplificateurs de forte puissance pompés par diodes. Une étude complète des propriétés spectrales et thermomécaniques de cristaux de CaF2:Nd3+ co-dopés avec des concentrations variables de Lu3+ a été menée en collaboration avec le CEA CESTA au sein du projet LASCAN pour de futurs développements au sein du Laser MégaJoule (LMJ) avec pour but l’amélioration des performances des amplificateurs pilotes. L’effet d’élimination des clusters de Nd3+ par le co-dopage avec le Lu3+ et l’apparition de deux sites actifs différents a été mise en évidence et caractérisée en détail. Ce travail présente ainsi une spectroscopie complète des centres actifs dans CaF2:Nd3+,Lu3+, une étude des propriétés thermomécaniques, ainsi que des propriétés d’amplification optique des matériaux étudiésIt was recently demonstrated that efficient and broadband laser emission was possible with Nd-doped CaF2 and SrF2 single crystals around 1.05 µm. Such laser emission, known as completely quenched because of cross-relaxation in the singly doped fluorites, increases spectacularly by co-doping with non-optically active “buffer” ions like Y3+ or Lu3+. Broadband laser emission and ultra-short laser operation are therefore possible. The material is particularly appealing for large scale high peak power diode-pumped amplifiers. A deep investigation of the spectral properties of CaF2:Nd3+ crystals co-doped with various amounts of Lu3+ was performed. The cluster breaking effect of Lu3+ codoping has as a side-effect the appearance of two different contributions, identified as two different active sites, which is in agreement with recent observations. In this work, we investigate in depth the different centres’ spectroscopic properties and operational parameters for laser applications,their evolution as the lutetium concentration increases, and the thermomechanical properties of said samples. A preliminary investigation on the amplification properties and laser operation of said materials is performed as well
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Lurin, Christian. "Etude cinétique de la fluorescence de l'ion Nd³⁺ et du transfert Nd³⁺ Yb³⁺ dans des verres boratés et phosphorés." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10552.
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L'etude cinetique des declins de luminescence des ions nd³⁺ et yb³⁺ dans des verres borates et phosphates a permis l'analyse des phenomenes d'autoextinction de la luminescence, de transfert d'energie et de supermigration. Les resultats obtenus ont ete appliques a la conception d'un concentrateur solaire luminescent
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DELACARTE, VALERIE, and Daniel Vivien. "Cristallogenese et etude spectroscopique de l'aluminate de strontium lanthane sr#1#-#xla#xmg#xal#1#2#-#xo#1#9 (asl) dope nd, cr, nd-cr ou pr. Proprietes laser de l'asl : nd." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066543.
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L'asn, sr#1#-#xnd#xmg#xal#1#2#-#xo#1#9 (sr#1#-#xnd#x) est un materiau laser prometteur decouvert recemment. Nous nous sommes interesses a l'asl:nd (sr#1#-#xnd#yla#x#-#y) pour lesquels les taux de strontium et de neodyme, responsables respectivement de la non congruence de la fusion et des proprietes laser, peuvent varier independamment. Les spectroscopies d'absorption et d'emission sont etudiees en fonction de la composition des cristaux synthetises au four a concentration de rayonnement. On assiste a une extinction de la fluorescence due a des interactions fortes entre ions nd#3#+. L'intensite de fluorescence est maximale pour environ 10% de neodyme. Les meilleures compositions sont synthetisees par tirage czochralski. Les cristaux sr#1#-#xnd#yla#x#-#y avec 1-x 0,6 ou 1-x = 0,7 et y 0,1 sont a fusion congruente. Pour les autres compositions, l'ecart a la non congruence est d'autant plus grand que le taux de strontium est eleve et le taux de lanthane faible. Les tests laser en pompage par diode a 796 nm mettent en vedette le cristal sr#0#,#7nd#0#,#1la#0#,#2 pour lequel le rendement differentiel atteint 47%. Un tirage reussi a l'echelle industriel pour la composition sr#0#,#7nd#0#,#1la#0#,#2 permet de dire que l'asl: nd est desormais en phase de developpement. Dans une deuxieme etape, l'etude du chrome dans l'asl: cr revele la presence de 4 sites occupes par cr#3#+, de paires et de triades de chrome. Les cristaux codopes d'asl: nd, cr sont ensuite elabores et on montre l'existence des transferts d'energie cr nd tres efficaces. Ceci laisse prevoir une augmentation forte du rendement de l'emission laser de nd#3#+, en pompage par lampe flash, grace a l'introduction de chrome. Enfin, le cristal de composition sr#0#,#7nd#0#,#1la#0#,#2cr#0#,#0#5 est synthetise par tirage czochralski a l'echelle industrielle. Sa taille et sa qualite permettent de poursuivre ce travail en effectuant des tests laser en pompage par lampe flash. Enfin, les cristaux sr#0#,#7pr#yla#0#,#3#-#y avec y = 0,02 ; 0,05 et 0,10 ont ete synthetises par tirage czochralski et leur proprietes optiques etudiees. Compte tenu des resultats obtenus, on espere observer l'effet laser de l'asl: pr a des longueurs d'onde interessantes en particulier dans le visible
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Schwarz, Matthias [Verfasser], and Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Korbel. "Newcastle Krankheit (ND) bei Puten und ihre Prävention durch Impfung mit einer attenuierten ND-Vakzine / Matthias Schwarz ; Betreuer: Rüdiger Korbel." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168145929/34.
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Garçon, Marion. "Variabilité chimique et isotopique créée par les processus sédimentaires dans les sédiments de rivière Himalayennes." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU031/document.
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Les compositions isotopiques en Nd, Hf, Pb et Sr des sédiments de rivière sont souvent considérées comme étant représentatives de celles de leurs roches sources. Elles sont donc largement utilisées pour tracer la provenance des sédiments ou pour moyenner les compositions isotopiques des lithologies drainées. L'influence des processus sédimentaires sur les compositions isotopiques de ces sédiments est cependant mal connue. L'objectif de l'étude présentée ici est de caractériser l'ampleur de la variabilité isotopique pouvant être générée par les processus de tri minéralogique au cours du transport des sédiments dans le milieu fluviatile. Pour ce faire, nous avons analysé les concentrations en éléments traces et les compositions isotopiques en Nd, Hf, Pb et Sr dans différents types de sédiments de rivière (bedload, suspended load, bank) échantillonnés à plusieurs endroits dans le système fluviatile du Ganges qui draine une partie de l'orogène Himalayenne. Nous avons également mesuré les compositions chimiques et isotopiques de nombreuses fractions minérales et granulométriques séparées de ces sédiments afin de mieux comprendre l'influence de chaque espèce minérale dans le budget isotopique total d'un sédiment de rivière. Dans le cas où les lithologies drainées sont essentiellement cristallines et sédimentaires, nous montrons que les isotopes du Nd dans les sédiments de rivière sont très peu affectés par les processus de tri minéralogique puisqu'ils sont toujours contrôlés par les mêmes minéraux, à savoir la monazite et l'allanite. Au contraire, les systèmes isotopiques de l'Hf, du Pb et du Sr s'avèrent particulièrement touchés par les processus de tri minéralogique. Les isotopes de l'Hf et du Pb sont tous deux affectés par un effet zircon qui génère de larges variations isotopiques entre les sédiments de fond de rivières et ceux transportés en suspension. Pour le Sr, les variations observées entre les différents types de sédiments résultent des proportions variables de micas et feldspath-K qu'ils contiennent. Dans le cas où les principales lithologies drainées présentent de forts contrastes d'érodabilité i.e. basaltes versus roches cristallines, nous montrons que les effets combinés de l'érosion différentielle dans le bassin de drainage et du tri sédimentaire dans la colonne d'eau sont responsables d'importantes variations isotopiques en Nd, Hf et Pb entre les sédiments de fond de rivière et ceux transportés en suspension. Nos calculs suggèrent que les produits d'érosion basaltique, relativement fins, sont préférentiellement transportés en suspension, proche de la surface de l'eau, alors que les produits d'érosion des roches plus cristallines sont préférentiellement concentrés dans les sédiments de fond de rivière. Enfin, nous suggérons que les variations isotopiques observées entre les différents types de sédiments transportés par les rivières sur les continents pourraient avoir d'importantes implications pour les systématiques isotopiques des sédiments océaniques terrigènes et sur l'évolution à long terme du réservoir mantellique si ces derniers sont recyclés au niveau des zones de subductionNd, Hf, Pb and Sr isotopic compositions of river sediments are often considered to be representative of those of their source rocks. Thus, they are widely used to trace sediment provenance or to average the isotopic compositions of the drained lithologies. The influence of sedimentary processes on the isotopic composition of these sediments is however poorly known. The aim of the present study is to characterize the extent of the isotopic variability that can be generated by mineral sorting process during sediment transport in fluvial system. To do this, we analyzed trace element concentrations and Nd, Hf, Pb and Sr isotopic compositions in river bank, bedload and suspended load sampled at several locations in the Ganga fluvial system draining part of the Himalayan orogen. We also measured the chemical and isotopic compositions of numerous mineral and granulometric fractions separated from these sediments to better understand the contribution of each mineral species to the bulk isotopic budget of river sediments. When the drained lithologies are mainly crystalline and sedimentary, we show that Nd isotopes are very little affected by mineral sorting processes because, whatever the sediment type, those isotopes are always controlled by the same minerals i.e. monazite and allanite. In contrast, Hf, Pb and Sr isotopic systems are significantly affected by mineral sorting processes. Both Hf and Pb isotopes are affected by a zircon effect that generates large isotopic variations between bedload and suspended load. For Sr, variations between the different sediment types more likely result from variable proportions of K-feldspar and mica. When the main drained lithologies are characterized by strong differences in erodibility i.e. basalts versus crystalline rocks, we show that the combined effects of differential erosion in the drainage basin and sediment sorting in the water column are responsible for significant Nd, Pb and Hf isotopic variations between bedload and suspended load. Our calculations suggest that basaltic erosion products are preferentially transported in suspension, near the water surface, whereas the erosion products of more crystalline rocks are preferentially concentrated in bottom sediments. Finally, we suggest that the isotopic variations observed between bedload and suspended load on continents may have important implications for the isotopic systematics of oceanic terrigenous sediments and the long-term evolution of the mantle if these latters are recycled in subduction zones
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Tauscher, Helga. "Configurable nD-visualization for complex Building Information Models." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-228894.
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With the ongoing development of building information modelling (BIM) towards a comprehensive coverage of all construction project information in a semantically explicit way, visual representations became decoupled from the building information models. While traditional construction drawings implicitly contained the visual representation besides the information, nowadays they are generated on the fly, hard-coded in software applications dedicated to other tasks such as analysis, simulation, structural design or communication. Due to the abstract nature of information models and the increasing amount of digital information captured during construction projects, visual representations are essential for humans in order to access the information, to understand it, and to engage with it. At the same time digital media open up the new field of interactive visualizations. The full potential of BIM can only be unlocked with customized task-specific visualizations, with engineers and architects actively involved in the design and development process of these visualizations. The visualizations must be reusable and reliably reproducible during communication processes. Further, to support creative problem solving, it must be possible to modify and refine them. This thesis aims at reconnecting building information models and their visual representations: on a theoretic level, on the level of methods and in terms of tool support. First, the research seeks to improve the knowledge about visualization generation in conjunction with current BIM developments such as the multimodel. The approach is based on the reference model of the visualization pipeline and addresses structural as well as quantitative aspects of the visualization generation. Second, based on the theoretic foundation, a method is derived to construct visual representations from given visualization specifications. To this end, the idea of a domain-specific language (DSL) is employed. Finally, a software prototype proofs the concept. Using the visualization framework, visual representations can be generated from a specific building information model and a specific visualization descriptionMit der fortschreitenden Entwicklung des Building Information Modelling (BIM) hin zu einer umfassenden Erfassung aller Bauprojektinformationen in einer semantisch expliziten Weise werden Visualisierungen von den Gebäudeinformationen entkoppelt. Während traditionelle Architektur- und Bauzeichnungen die visuellen Reprä̈sentationen implizit als Träger der Informationen enthalten, werden sie heute on-the-fly generiert. Die Details ihrer Generierung sind festgeschrieben in Softwareanwendungen, welche eigentlich für andere Aufgaben wie Analyse, Simulation, Entwurf oder Kommunikation ausgelegt sind. Angesichts der abstrakten Natur von Informationsmodellen und der steigenden Menge digitaler Informationen, die im Verlauf von Bauprojekten erfasst werden, sind visuelle Repräsentationen essentiell, um sich die Information erschließen, sie verstehen, durchdringen und mit ihnen arbeiten zu können. Gleichzeitig entwickelt sich durch die digitalen Medien eine neues Feld der interaktiven Visualisierungen. Das volle Potential von BIM kann nur mit angepassten aufgabenspezifischen Visualisierungen erschlossen werden, bei denen Ingenieur*innen und Architekt*innen aktiv in den Entwurf und die Entwicklung dieser Visualisierungen einbezogen werden. Die Visualisierungen müssen wiederverwendbar sein und in Kommunikationsprozessen zuverlässig reproduziert werden können. Außerdem muss es möglich sein, Visualisierungen zu modifizieren und neu zu definieren, um das kreative Problemlösen zu unterstützen. Die vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, Gebäudemodelle und ihre visuellen Repräsentationen wieder zu verbinden: auf der theoretischen Ebene, auf der Ebene der Methoden und hinsichtlich der unterstützenden Werkzeuge. Auf der theoretischen Ebene trägt die Arbeit zunächst dazu bei, das Wissen um die Erstellung von Visualisierungen im Kontext von Bauprojekten zu erweitern. Der verfolgte Ansatz basiert auf dem Referenzmodell der Visualisierungspipeline und geht dabei sowohl auf strukturelle als auch auf quantitative Aspekte des Visualisierungsprozesses ein. Zweitens wird eine Methode entwickelt, die visuelle Repräsentationen auf Basis gegebener Visualisierungsspezifikationen generieren kann. Schließlich belegt ein Softwareprototyp die Realisierbarkeit des Konzepts. Mit dem entwickelten Framework können visuelle Repräsentationen aus jeweils einem spezifischen Gebäudemodell und einer spezifischen Visualisierungsbeschreibung generiert werden
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Rodriguez-Pena, Luis. "Assemblage aluminium : Acier par faisceau laser Nd : YAG." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lrodriguezpena.pdf.
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Les réductions de consommation de carburant imposées par les nouvelles normes internationales imposent un allégement des véhicules et l'utilisation d'alliages légers pour certaines parties des structures. Se pose alors le problème de l'assemblage de ces parties en aluminium sur celles en acier. Le principal problème rencontré lors de la réalisation de telles soudures par des procédés conventionnels est la formation de composés intermétalliques qui réduisent les performances des assemblages. En revanche, le procédé de soudure par faisceau laser autorise un contrôle optimal des conditions thermiques au sein de la soudure et permet de limiter la formation de ces phases fragiles. Ce travail présente les résultats de l'étude de faisabilité réalisée en utilisant deux fils d'apport différents à savoir le ZnAl-30 et le AlSi-12. L'étude a montré la forte influence du type de configuration utilisée sur la présence d'inermétalliques et les propriétés mécaniques finales de l'assemblageThe reduction of consumption of fuel of internal combustion motors, imposed by the new anti-pollution and energy saving laws may be attained by reducing the weight of vehicles, introducing, for example, aluminium sections into the main steel car-body. Laser brazing is a process which can be used to perform such a junction. The main problem of welding this kind of combination of materials with conventional processes is the potential formation of inter-metallic phases, which reduces the good performance of the joint. Laser brazing allows a very good control of the thermal development of the joint, with a limited precipitation of these brittle phases. This work presents the results of a feasibility study made with ZnAl-30 and AlSi-12 as filler metal. The study shows that the type of configuration used for the assembly has a particular influence on the formation of brittle phases and consequently on the mechanical performance of the joint
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Ribau, Humberto Miranda. "Soldadura laser pulsado Nd: YAG entre metais dissimulares." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23358.
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Mestrado em Engenharia MecânicaA presente investigação consiste no estudo experimental das propriedades mecânicas induzidas pela soldadura laser em chapas de materiais metálicos dissimilares, nomeadamente, aço de alta resistência dual-phase (DP) 600 com aço de alta resistência dual-phase (DP) 1000 e liga de alumínio AA6060-T6 com liga de titânio Ti-6Al-4V. No caso dos aços dual-phase, o estudo foi realizado em amostras de 0,8 mm de espessura, numa junta do tipo topo a topo. Após a seleção dos parâmetros mais adequados para a soldadura, foram efetuados ensaios de tração aos provetes soldados, com o objetivo de determinar as propriedades mecânicas e avaliar a influência dos parâmetros do laser. Em relação à ligação de alumínio com titânio, esta foi feita numa junta de sobreposição dupla em amostras de 1,9 e 0,9 mm de espessura, respetivamente. Do mesmo modo que os aços, foram também variados os parâmetros do laser, de modo a se obter os mais adequados, para posteriormente se efetuar ensaios de tração. Variou-se também o sítio onde o feixe laser incide na junta de sobreposição para melhor avaliar a soldadura.
The aim of this thesis consists of an experimental study of the mechanical properties induced by the laser welding in dissimilar metal, namely, dual-phase steel 600 with dual-phase steel 1000 and aluminium alloy AA6060-T6 with titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. In the case of the dual-phase steels, the study was carried out on 0,8 mm plates, in a butt joint type. After selecting the most appropriate parameters for the welding, tensile tests were performed on welded specimens with the purpose to find the mechanical properties and evaluate the influence of the laser parameters. The aluminium - titanium union was accomplished on a double-lap joint on 1,9 mm and 0,9 mm plates, respectively. Just like the situation of the steels, the laser parameters were too varied with aim to obtain the most appropriate parameters, to later perform tensile tests. It was also changed the place where the laser beam impacts on the specimen, to better analyse the welding.
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Rodriguez-Pena, Luis Langlade Cécile. "Assemblage aluminium Acier par faisceau laser Nd : YAG /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lrodriguezpena.pdf.
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Richard, Aurélie. "Décomposition des rotations nD et arithmétisation des cercles." Poitiers, 2011. http://nuxeo.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/48410758-e4ce-406e-b32e-d246d99ad0db.
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Cette thèse est basée sur deux axes principaux : la décomposition des rotations nD et le processus d'arithmétisation des cercles. D'une part, estimer les paramètres des rotations est utile dans de nombreux domaines d’applications. Les méthodes existantes ne peuvent pas être étendues à la dimension n et/ou ne sont pas robustes au bruit. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les rotations nD bruitées et nous proposons des algorithmes permettant de les décomposer et d'estimer leurs paramètres. Les deux premières méthodes utilisent respectivement l'algèbre géométrique et la décomposition de Schur des matrices. Elles estiment les paramètres (plans et angles) des rotations à partir de n vecteurs et leurs images par cette rotation. Notre troisième algorithme décompose les rotations en rotations planes de même angle (rotations isoclines). D'autre part, le processus d'arithmétisation par des schémas numériques est souvent utilisé en géométrie discrète car il permet de donner un équivalent discret à une courbe continue. Nous étudions l'application de ce processus à l'équation différentielle du cercle dans le cas du schéma de Heun. Nous présentons notamment des résultats sur la connexité des arcs de cercles générés par cette méthode. Des résultats sur l'ordre de l'erreur de la méthode sont finalement proposésThis thesis deals with the decomposition of nD-rotations and the arithmetization process applied to circles. The estimation of rotation parameters is a question with wide range applications. Current methods can not be extended to dimension n and/or are not robust to noise. The noisy nD-rotations are studied and algorithms to decompose them and to estimate their parameters are proposed. The first two methods rely on the geometric algebra and the Schur decomposition. They provide the rotation parameters (planes and angles) from n vectors and their images by this rotation. The third algorithm decomposes nD-rotations into planar rotations of same angles (isoclinic rotations). The arithmetization process based on numerical schemes is used in discrete geometry because it provides a discrete equivalent of a continuous curve. This process is applied to the differential equation of the circle with the Heun scheme. Results about the connectedness of the generated circular arcs are presented. The approximation order of the obtained arithmetization process is also defined and studied
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Via, Rachael Kathleen. "Evolution of Atlantic deep-water circulation: from the greenhouse to the icehouse." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2609.
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To better understand how the evolution of Cenozoic deep-water circulation
related to changes in global climate and ocean basin configuration, we generated Nd
isotope records from Ocean Drilling Program sites in the southeastern Atlantic to track
deep water mass composition through time. We used fossil fish debris from ODP Sites
1262-1264 (Leg 208), spanning present-day water depths of 2500-4750 m, to reconstruct
the isotopic signature of deep waters over the past ~53 Ma. The data indicate an initial
transition from relatively non-radiogenic values (??Nd=~-10) at 53 Ma to more radiogenic
values (~-8.5) at ~32 Ma. From ~32 Ma to 3.85 Ma, the Nd signal becomes more nonradiogenic,
~-12.3 at the top of the record. Comparison of our data with Nd isotopic
records derived from a North Atlantic Fe-Mn crust show similar non-radiogenic values
(~-10.5) in the 53??32 Ma interval and a trend toward more non-radiogenic values
beginning at ~20 Ma.
The data likely reflect an overall shift from a Southern Ocean deep water source
to the ultimate incursion of deep waters from the North Atlantic. The non-radiogenic
values at the base of the record reflect a Southern Ocean source of deep water. The shift
toward more radiogenic values indicates an increased contribution of Pacific waters to
the Southern Ocean source as the tectonic gateways changed after ~35-33 Ma. The
subsequent trend toward more non-radiogenic Nd isotope values is approximately
concurrent with the increase of benthic foraminiferal ??18O values, based on comparison
with a compilation of global data. Thus, changes in oceanic gateway configuration in addition to overall cooling and the build-up of continental ice on Antarctica may have
altered the Nd isotope character of Southern Ocean deep waters during the early
Oligocene.
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CHEVALLIER, NATHALIE. "Le traitement des lesions endobronchiques par laser nd-yag : a propos de 153 cas, d'aout 1982 a mai 1987." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31106.
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Cabral, Jader de Souza. "Interações entre átomos de Rydberg frios em processos de transferência populacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-09052013-111449/.
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Neste trabalho, apresentamos um amplo estudo das interações de longo alcance entre átomos de Rydberg frios na presença de campos elétricos estáticos. Nós observamos a transferência de população do estado quase molecular nD + nD para o estado (n+2)P após excitação pulsada na região de 29 ≤ n ≤ 41 em uma amostra de Rb aprisionada em uma armadilha magneto-óptica. A taxa de transferência pode ser manipulada com a presença de campo elétrico estático. Para explicar tais observações um modelo teórico multiníveis foi utilizado. O estudo de evolução temporal da população em (n+2)P mostrou que a dinâmica do processo é condizente com a interpretação clássica de uma transição diabática no domínio temporal. Utilizando um laser de excitação contínuo, realizamos experimentos envolvendo estados nD + nD, para 37 ≤ n ≤ 45, e estados nS + nS, para 39 ≤ n ≤ 47, onde foi possível estudarmos processos de transferência de população com resolução da estrutura fina. Também realizamos experimentos, tanto para estados nD quanto nS, para verificar a importância da estrutura hiperfina da estado fundamental no processo de transferência de população.In this work, we present an extensive study of long-range interactions between cold Rydberg atoms in the presence of static electric fields. We have observed the population transfer from the quasi-molecular nD + nD state to the (n +2) P state after pulsed excitation for 29 ≤ n ≤ 41 in a sample of Rb trapped atoms in a magneto-optical trap. The transfer rate can be manipulated by the static electric field. To explain such observations, a multilevel theoretical model was used. The study of the time evolution of the population (n +2) P indicates that the dynamics of the process is consistent with a classical interpretation of a nonadiabatic transition in time domain. Using a CW laser excitation, experiments involving states nD + nD, for 37 ≤ n ≤ 45 states and nS + nS for 39 ≤ n ≤ 47, where performed with high spectral resolution. We also performed experiments for both states, nD and nS, to verify the importance of the hyperfine structure of the ground state in the process of population transfer.
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Bonati, Guido. "Integration von Diodenlasern in modulare Hochleistungs-Nd: YAG-Laser." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965090531.
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Bollero, Real Alberto. "Isotropic nanocrystalline (Nd,Pr)(Fe,Co)B permanent magnets." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2003. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1069758225796-19366.
Full textAbstract:
Nanokristalline Permanentmagnete zeigen ungewöhnliche magnetische Eigenschaften aufgrund von Oberflächen- und Grenzflächeneffekten, die verschieden von denen massiver oder mikrokristalliner Materialien sind. Diese Arbeit zeigt Ergebnisse einer systematischen Untersuchung der Beziehung zwischen Mikrostruktur und magnetischen Eigenschaften von isotropen nanokristallinen (Nd,Pr)(Fe,Co)B-Permanentmagneten. Hochkoerzitive Magnete vom Typ (Nd,Pr)FeB wurden durch hochenergetisches Mahlen in der Kugelmühle oder Rascherstarrung hergestellt. Der Einfluss geringer Mengen von Zusätzen wie Dy und Zr und die Substitution von Nd durch Pr auf die magnetischen Eigenschaften wird dargestellt. Weiterhin wurde eine Einschätzung des Warmumformverhaltens dieser Materialien durchgeführt. Hochenergetisches Kugelmahlen einer Legierung mit der Anfangszusammensetzung Pr9Nd3Dy1Fe72Co8B6.9Zr0.1 führte, nach Glühbehandlung, zu fast einphasigem Magnetpulver mit einem maximalen Energieprodukt von (BH)max~140 kJm-3. Das hochenergetische Kugelmahlen wurde zu einer sehr vielseitigen Technik zur Herstellung hochleistungsfähiger Nanokompositmagnete weiterentwickelt. Das Zulegieren unterschiedlicher Anteile von weichmagnetischem alpha-Fe ist damit sehr effektiv möglich. Der Zusatz von 25 Gew.-% alpha-Fe führt zu einem hohen (BH)max=178kJm-3. Dies wird auf eine sehr effektive Austauschkopplung zwischen den hart- und weichmagnetischen Phasen zurückgeführt. Die Natur der intergranularen Wechselwirkungen kann durch die Wohlfarth´sche Remanenzanalyse (?deltaJ-plot¡§) beschrieben werden. Im speziellen wurden deltaJ-Diagramme für verschiedene (i) alpha-Fe Gehalte, (ii) Korngrößen und (iii) Austauschlängen erstellt. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass in den Nanokompositmagneten auf Pr-Basis keine Spinumorientierung auftritt. Abschließend zeigt die Arbeit die Möglichkeit der Nutzung einer mechanisch aktivierten Gas-Festkörper-Reaktion auf, mit der eine sehr feinkörnige Mikrostruktur erhalten wird. Die Untersuchungen wurden mit stöchiometrischen Nd2(Fe1-xCox)14B-Legierungen begonnen (x=0-1). Die Verbindungen wurden unter höheren Wasserstoffdrücken und Temperaturen gemahlen, wodurch sie zu NdH2+delta und krz-(Fe,Co) (x=0-0.75) oder kfz-Co (x=1) entmischt wurden. Die Korngrößen des rekombinierten Nd2(Co,Fe)14B-Materials liegen im Bereich von 40-50 nmNanocrystalline permanent magnets present unusual magnetic properties because of surface/interface effects different from those of bulk or microcrystalline materials. This work presents results of a systematic investigation of the relationship between microstructure and magnetic properties in isotropic nanocrystalline (Nd,Pr)(Fe,Co)B permanent magnets. Highly coercive (Nd,Pr)FeB-type magnets have been produced using high energy ball milling and melt-spinning. The influence of small amounts of additives, Dy and Zr, and the substitution of Nd by Pr on the microstructural and magnetic properties are shown. An assessment of the hot deformation behaviour has been carried out. Intensive milling of an alloy with starting composition Pr9Nd3Dy1Fe72Co8B6.9Zr0.1 yields, after annealing treatment, nearly single-phase magnet powders with a maximum energy product (BH)max?î140kJm-3. Co has a beneficial effect on the intrinsic magnetic properties but also on the microstructure, with a mean grain size of 20nm. Intensive milling is used to produce high-performance nanocomposite magnets by blending this latter alloy with different fractions of soft magnetic alfa-Fe. Addition of 25wt.% alfa-Fe leads to a high (BH)max=178 kJm-3 due to an effective exchange-coupling between the hard and the soft magnetic phases. The intergrain interactions between the crystallites of the nanocomposite structure are analysed. Demagnetisation recoil loops of the nanocomposite magnets show relatively open minor loops due to the exchange-spring mechanism. Information about the intergrain interactions during demagnetisation are obtained by plotting the deviation of the demagnetising remanence from the Wohlfarth-model (¡§deltaJ-plot¡¨). Exchange-coupling phenomena are studied by analysing the evolution of the corresponding deltaJ values when varying (i) the alfa-Fe content, (ii) the annealing temperature, i.e. the grain size and (iii) the measurement temperature. Low temperature measurements do not reveal any sign of spin reorientation for these Pr-based nanocomposite magnets. The work concludes showing the possibility of using a mechanically activated gas-solid reaction to obtain an effective grain refined microstructure starting from stoichiometric Nd2(Fe1-xCox)14B alloys (x=0-1). These compounds were milled under enhanced hydrogen pressure and temperature leading to their disproportionation into NdH2+delta and bcc-(Fe,Co) (x=0-0.75) or fcc-Co (x=1). Grain sizes of recombined Nd2(Fe,Co)14B materials were found to be 40-50nm