Journal articles: 'Nd:YAG'

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Shen, Yanxin, Xinpeng Fu, Cong Yao, Wenyuan Li, Yubin Wang, Xinrui Zhao, Xihong Fu, and Yongqiang Ning. "Optical Crystals for 1.3 μm All-Solid-State Passively Q-Switched Laser." Crystals 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12081060.

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In recent years, optical crystals for 1.3 μm all-solid-state passively Q-switched lasers have been widely studied due to their eye-safe band, atmospheric transmission characteristics, compactness, and low cost. They are widely used in the fields of high-precision laser radar, biomedical applications, and fine processing. In this review, we focus on three types of optical crystals used as the 1.3 μm laser gain media: neodymium-doped vanadate (Nd:YVO4, Nd:GdVO4, Nd:LuVO4, neodymium-doped aluminum-containing garnet (Nd:YAG, Nd:LuAG), and neodymium-doped gallium-containing garnet (Nd:GGG, Nd:GAGG, Nd:LGGG). In addition, other crystals such as Nd:KGW, Nd:YAP, Nd:YLF, and Nd:LLF are also discussed. First, we introduce the properties of the abovementioned 1.3 μm laser crystals. Then, the recent advances in domestic and foreign research on these optical crystals are summarized. Finally, the future challenges and development trend of 1.3 μm laser crystals are proposed. We believe this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the optical crystals for 1.3 μm all-solid-state passively Q-switched lasers.

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Feng, Tao, Jianlin Shi, Jiyang Chen, and Danyu Jiang. "Synthesis and Greatly Enhanced Fluorescence Emission of Transparent Nd-doped Y3ScxAl5−xO12 Ceramics." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 9 (September 2005): 2322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0310.

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Nd-doped Y3ScxAl5−xO12(Nd:YSAG) powder were prepared with a chemical combustion method. The powders were nano-sized and had a pure cubic phase when calcined at 900 °C. Transparent Nd:YSAG ceramics with up to 40% scandium substitution for aluminum were successfully fabricated by sintering the powder compact at 1800 °C under H2 atmosphere. The synthesis process and optical properties were investigated in detail. It was found that the light emission intensity at 1064 nm of the Nd:YSAG with 40% scandium substitution for aluminum can be enhanced by 2–3 times over that of Nd:YAG single crystal when pumped with the same 808-nm diode laser. In addition, the material was found to have prolonged fluorescence lifetime. This highly enhanced light emission intensity is fundamentally important for obtaining higher light output together with suppressed self-heating than Nd:YAG ceramic and single crystals.

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Nammour, Samir, Marwan El Mobadder, Melanie Namour, Aldo Brugnera Junior, Fatima Zanin, Ana Paula Brugnera, Sabine Geerts, and Amaury Namour. "Twelve-Month Follow-Up of Different Dentinal Hypersensitivity Treatments by Photobiomodulation Therapy, Nd:YAG and Nd:YAP Lasers." Life 12, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12121996.

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In this retrospective study, data for three different laser-assisted approaches for the management of dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) was collected (n = 920 teeth). In total, 387 teeth were treated with photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy with 660 nm red light laser (PBM group), 327 were treated with the Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) and 206 were treated with the Nd:YAP laser (1340 nm). To assess the effectiveness of each treatment, a visual analogue scale (VAS) was used, where zero represented no pain at all and ten represented the greatest pain. VAS was used before (T0), immediately after (T1), one week after (T2), four weeks after (T3), six months after (T4) and one year after treatment (T5). Means and standard deviations of VAS at different follow-up times were calculated. Values were compared within and between groups. Statistical significance was considered to be achieved when p-value was less than 0.05. Confidence level was proposed to be 99% with a P value lower than 0.001. Within groups, a statistically significant reduction was obtained when the mean value of VAS at T0 was compared with T5. At T5, the PBM group had the highest reduction of VAS (with mean value of 0), while the Nd:YAG and Nd:YAP groups had scores of 1.065 ± 0.674 and 4.665 ± 0.674, respectively. Conclusion: this retrospective study showed that PBM therapy and irradiation with Nd:YAG and Nd:YAP lasers are effective in managing DH pain. However, PBM therapy was the only procedure that showed complete pain relief at six and twelve months after treatment.

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Lee, Chia-Yi, Tsai-Te Lu, Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir, Kuan-Jen Chen, Chun-Fu Liu, Chao-Min Cheng, and Hung-Chi Chen. "Refractive Changes Following Premature Posterior Capsulotomy Using Neodymium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2022): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020272.

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We aimed to determine the timing of neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy on corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and spherical equivalent (SE) in patients with posterior capsular opacification (PCO). There were 59 patients with unilateral PCO and a history of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy enrolled and further divided into the early Nd:YAG group (timing < 12 months, n = 25) and late Nd:YAG group (timing > 12 months, n = 34) depending on the elapsed months from phacoemulsification to Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The primary outcomes were CDVA, IOP, and SE before (immediately before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy) and after (weeks one and four after the laser treatment). The independent t test was applied to analyze the difference in CDVA, IOP, and SE between the two groups, while the generalized estimating equation with Bonferroni adjustment was conducted to evaluate the effect of all the parameters on the change in SE with adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The CDVA showed significant improvement in both the early Nd:YAG group (p = 0.005) and the late Nd:YAG group (p = 0.001), and hyperopic change occurred in both the early Nd:YAG group (p = 0.003) and the late Nd:YAG group (p = 0.017). The early Nd:YAG group revealed more significant hyperopic change compared with the late Nd:YAG group four weeks after Nd:YAG treatment (p < 0.001), which was still significant after multivariable analysis (aOR: 0.899, 95% CI: 0.868–0.930, p = 0.011). In addition, a deeper ACD (aOR: 0.764, 95% CI: 0.671–0.869, p = 0.019) was significantly correlated with hyperopic change. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy performed within one year after cataract surgery may lead to significant hyperopic change, in which the ACD alteration affects the hyperopic shift significantly.

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Chen, Hong-Yu, Jun-Ji Xu, Xiu-Lin Chang, and Pei Wu. "Nd:YAG water mist laser treatment for giant gestational gingival tumor: A case report." World Journal of Clinical Cases 12, no. 11 (April 16, 2024): 1974–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v12.i11.1974.

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BACKGROUND This case of gestational gingival tumor is huge and extremely rare in clinical practice. As the growth location of this gingival tumor is in the upper anterior tooth area, it seriously affects the pregnant woman's speech and food, causing great pain to the patient. The use of Nd:YGA water mist laser to remove the gingival tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding, minimal adverse reactions, and good postoperative healing, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application. CASE SUMMARY The patient, a pregnant woman, reported a large lump in her mouth on the first day of postpartum treatment. Based on medical history and clinical examination, the diagnosis was diagnosed as gestational gingival tumor. Postoperative pathological biopsy also confirmed this diagnosis. The use of Nd:YAG water mist laser to remove the tumor resulted in minimal intraoperative bleeding, clear surgical field of view, short surgical time, and good postoperative healing. CONCLUSION In comparison to traditional surgery, Nd:YAG water mist laser surgery is minimally invasive, minimizes cell damage, reduces bleeding, ensures a clear field of vision, and virtually eliminates postoperative edema, carbonization, and the risk of cross infection. It has unique advantages in oral soft tissue surgery for pregnant patients. Therefore, the clinical application of Nd:YAG water mist laser for the treatment of gestational gingival tumors is an ideal choice.

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Fibrich, Martin, Tomáš Hambálek, Michal Němec, Jan Šulc, and Helena Jelínková. "Multiline generation capabilities of diode-pumped Nd:YAP and Nd:YAG lasers." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 497 (April 9, 2014): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/497/1/012011.

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Fibrich, M., T. Hambálek, M. Němec, J. Šulc, and H. Jelínková. "Multiline generation capabilities of diode-pumped Nd:YAP and Nd:YAG lasers." Laser Physics 24, no. 3 (February 10, 2014): 035803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/24/3/035803.

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Park, Jung I. "Reduction Mammaplasty Using Nd:YAG Contact Tip Laser." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 10, no. 3 (September 1993): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689301000308.

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Nd:YAG laser with contact tip provides unique advantages over a cold knife and electrocautery in a surgical dissection. The Nd:YAG laser places somewhere in the middle between the traditional electrocautery and the CO2 laser. The Nd:YAG laser has much less tissue damage compared to electrocautery. On the other hand, this laser has afar better ability to coagulate the blood vessels and the advantage of easy maneuverability as compared to the CO2 laser. The author presents his experiences in Nd:YAG laser contact tip for reduction mammaplasty. Seventeen reduction mammaplasties using Nd:YAG contact laser tip were presented. Several patients returned to work within a week after surgery. One patient was well enough to volunteer to go back to work on the fourth post-operative day. The Nd:YAG laser physics, equipment, applications, and surgical cases are discussed.

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Fujisawa, Takehiko, Yukio Saitoh, Masayuki Baba, Mitsutoshi Shiba, Yasuo Sekine, Tsunehiro Takeda, Shigetoshi Yoshida, and Yutaka Yamaguchi. "Endoscopic Nd:YAG Laser Treatment in the Perioperative Management of Tracheobronchoplasty." Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/dte.3.53.

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The objective of this study was to determine the role of endoscopic Nd:YAG laser treatment in the preoperative or postoperative management of tracheobronchoplasty. Eighteen patients with severe stenotic lesions of the trachea or bronchus underwent Nd:YAG laser treatment. Nd:YAG laser treatment was performed in the preoperative period in 14 patients and in the postoperative period in 4 patients. The indications for Nd:YAG laser treatment included emergency airway dilatation, confirmation of the distal margin of tumor, and safe tracheal intubation in patients with severe tracheal stenosis. The indications for Nd:YAG laser treatment in patients with severe stenosis of the mainstem bronchus were confirmation of the distal margin of tumor and recovery of lung ventilation during the preoperative period and reopening of the bronchial lumen to prevent obstructive pneumonia in the postoperative period. Among patients treated with Nd:YAG laser preoperatively, the indications were completely achieved in all 14 patients, except for 1 patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma who underwent treatment of the right mainstem bronchus. Among patients treated with Nd:YAG laser postoperatively the indications also were achieved in all 4 patients with severe granulomatous stenosis of the bronchial end-to-end anastomosis following sleeve lobectomy. In conclusion, endoscopic Nd:YAG laser treatment played an important role in the perioperative management of patients undergoing tracheobronchoplasty.

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Abu Hasna, Amjad, Frederico Canato Martinho, Pablo Lenin Benitez Sellan, Camila Reis Pampuri, Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, and Cesar Rogério Pucci. "Effect of Remineralization Pretreatments on Human Dentin Permeability and Bond Strength." International Journal of Dentistry 2023 (July 3, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2182651.

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This study aimed to evaluate Nd:YAG laser, calcium phosphate, and adhesive system effect as different pretreatments in different protocols on dentin permeability (DP) and bond strength (BS). Fifty human dentin discs were used (4 mm in diameter and 1,5 mm in height). Specimens were divided into five groups (n = 10): (A): adhesive system (control); (AL): adhesive system + Nd:YAG laser; (LAL): Nd:YAG laser + adhesive system + Nd:YAG laser; (PAL): calcium phosphate-based dentin desensitizer TeethMate + adhesive system + Nd:YAG laser; and group (PLAL): Nd:YAG laser + calcium phosphate-based dentin desensitizer + adhesive system + Nd:YAG laser. All materials were used according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The specimens were submitted to artificial aging (5,000 thermal cycles and 12 × 104 mechanical cycles) then a bond test was performed. DP was measured using the split chamber model. Data were submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t-test, RM ANOVA, and Tukey test ( p < 0.05 ). All treatments were effective in DP reduction. For BS, the groups PAL and PLAL had improved BS with a statistically significant difference of the control group (A). Nd:Yag laser irradiation and calcium phosphate-based desensitizing agents significantly reduced DP, and the association between them could improve the BS on resin–human dentin interface.

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Sakajio, Michal, Natalia Pears, Marianna Dov, Vadim Beilin, Meirav Mann-Lahav, Shai Zamir, Gennady E. Shter, Jacob Hormadaly, and Gideon S. Grader. "Glass bonding of YAG/Nd:YAG and Sapphire/Nd:YAG windows." Optical Materials 151 (May 2024): 115363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2024.115363.

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Mehmood, Faisal, Syed Abdullah Mazhar, Nesr Farooq, Sehar Zahid, Hifza Masood, and Nabeel Iqbal. "Effect of Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy on Intraocular Pressure." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161109.

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Aim: To determine the effect of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on Intraocular pressure (IOP). Study design: Descriptive case series. Place and duration of study: Department of Ophthalmology Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust Free Eye and Cancer Hospital Lahore Pakistan from 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2019. Methodology: Three hundred and sixty patients ranged from 40 to 85 years and both males and females were enrolled. The intraocular pressure was measured before the procedure and then at 1 hour and 1 week after the procedure using the Goldmann applanation tonometer by a consultant ophthalmologist. Results: The mean age of the patients in our study was 62.29±10.90 years that comprised of 206 (57.22%) males and 154 (42.78%) females. The mean IOP before Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was 15.40±2.71 mmHg whereas the mean IOP after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy was 19.04±3.50 mmHg. The effect of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on IOP was recorded in 88 (24.44%) patients with raised IOP whereas a majority 272 (75.56%) patients had a normal IOP. Conclusion: The rise in IOP after Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is statistically significant and each minimum possible laser energy must be used on each patient undergoing Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Key words: Posterior capsular opacification, Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, Intraocular pressure

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WANG, Yan-ling, Zhen-ze WANG, Lu ZHAO, Shi-hong XIONG, Qian LI, Ning-li WANG, and An-qiang SUN. "Finite element analysis of neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet incisions for the prevention of anterior capsule contraction syndrome." Chinese Medical Journal 126, no. 4 (February 20, 2013): 692–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0366-6999.20123244.

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Background Anterior capsular contraction syndrome is a potential complication of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC). Three neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser relaxing incisions decrease anterior capsular contraction but the mechanism is unknown. The present study analyzed the biomechanical mechanism of three Nd:YAG laser relaxing incisions made to reduce anterior capsular contraction. Methods A three-dimensional control model and a three-dimensional Nd:YAG model of the anterior capsule with an opening diameter of 6 mm were created. Three incisions of 1 mm in length were made centrifugally at intervals of 120° around the opening circle. The stress alterations of the anterior capsule after CCC with and without Nd:YAG relaxation were numerically simulated and compared. Results In the control model, the stress was axially uniform in the inner area and relatively high near the inner rim of the opening. Meanwhile, in the Nd:YAG model, the stress level was very low in the inner opening areas, especially near the three incisions. The relaxing incisions in the Nd:YAG model significantly released the relatively high stress on the anterior capsule. Additionally, there was a high stress gradient near the relaxing incisions. Conclusion Biomechanical effects of stress release may be the preventive mechanism of Nd:YAG incision against anterior capsular contraction syndrome.

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Abu Hasna, Amjad, Stephanie Semmelmann, Fernanda Alves Feitosa, Danilo De Souza Andrade, Franklin R. Tay, and Cesar Rogério Pucci. "Effect of Nd:YAG Laser with/without Graphite Coating on Bonding of Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic to Human Dentin." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (March 15, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6677159.

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This study evaluated the effect of different surface treatments on the tensile bond strength between lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, resin cement, and dentin. Fifty truncated cone-shape glass-ceramics were divided into five groups (n = 10): G1, control: 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF); G2, Nd:YAG laser + silane; G3, Sil + Nd:YAG laser; G4, graphite + Nd:YAG laser + Sil; and G5, graphite + Sil + Nd:YAG laser. Fifty human third-molars were cut to cylindrical shape and polished to standardize the bonding surfaces. The glass-ceramic specimens were bonded to dentin with a dual-cured resin cement and stored in distilled water for 24 h at 37ºC. Tensile testing was performed on a universal testing machine (10 Kgf load cell at 1 mm/min) until failure. The bond strength values (mean ± SD) in MPa were G1 (9.4 ± 2.3), G2 (9.7 ± 2.0), G3 (6.7 ± 1.9), G4 (4.6 ± 1.1), and G5 (1.2 ± 0.3). Nd:YAG laser and HF improve the bond strength between lithium disilicate glass-ceramics, resin cement, and dentin. The application of a graphite layer prior to Nd:YAG laser irradiation negatively affects this bonding and presented inferior results.

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Ren, Hao, Qun Zeng, and Xi Hui Liang. "Characterization of Nd:Y₃Al₅O₁₂ Thin Films Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation Deposition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 320 (May 2013): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.150.

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Nd:YAG thin films have been prepared on Si (100) substrates by electron beam evaporation deposition. The surface morphologies, crystalline phases and optical properties of the Nd:YAG thin films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and spectrophotometer. The crystallization of Nd:YAG thin films was improved after annealing at 1100 °C for 1 hour in vacuum. Excited by a Ti:sapphire laser at 808 nm, photoluminescence spectra of Nd:YAG thin films were measured at room temperature, and the transition of4F3/24I11/2of Nd3+in YAG in the region of 1064 nm were detected by a liquid nitrogen cooled InGaAs detector array.

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Qin, Haiming, Jun Jiang, Haochuan Jiang, Yuanhua Sang, Dehui Sun, Xinhai Zhang, Jiyang Wang, and Hong Liu. "Effect of composition deviation on the microstructure and luminescence properties of Nd:YAG ceramics." CrystEngComm 16, no. 47 (2014): 10856–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ce01757a.

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Non-stoichiometric compositions lead to microstructures different from that of stoichiometric Nd:YAG. Nanograins of excess Al₂O₃ remain inside the Nd:YAG grains in Al₂O₃-excess ceramics, while Y-rich compounds recrystallize at the Nd:YAG grain boundaries in Y₂O₃-excess ceramics.

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Lippert, B. M., and J. A. Werner. "Nd:YAG-laserlichtinduzierte Nasenmuschelreduktion." Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie 75, no. 09 (September 1996): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-997626.

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Chan, Andrew L., R. Steven Tharratt, Allan D. Siefkin, Timothy E. Albertson, William G. Volz, and Roblee P. Allen. "Nd:YAG Laser Bronchoscopy." Chest 98, no. 2 (August 1990): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.98.2.271.

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Cavaliere, Sergio, Piero Foccoli, and Pier Luigi Farina. "Nd:YAG Laser Bronchoscopy." Chest 94, no. 1 (July 1988): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.94.1.15.

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Offergeld, C., S. Schellong, Ingrid Hackert, A. Schmidt, and K. B. H�ttenbrink. "Interstitielle Nd:YAG-Lasertherapie." HNO 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00106-002-0664-2.

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Nursalim, Ade J., Vera Sumual, Andrew Citra, Elbetty Simanjuntak, Christian Komaling, and Stevanus Loho. "Nd:YAG Laser Hialoidotomi sebagai Tatalaksana Perdarahan Premakular Subhialoid pada Pasien Leukemia Anak: Laporan Kasus." e-CliniC 11, no. 3 (September 23, 2023): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v11i3.51336.

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Abstract: Premacular subhyaloid is a condition that results in a severe decrease in visual acuity, especially if it occurs in the area around the macula. This subhyaloid premacular hemorrages often occurs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy is a non-invasive therapy option to treat this condition. We reported a case of a 15-year-old boy who came with a complaint of blurred right eye. The patient had a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Visual acuity was 1/60 in the right eye and 6/9 in the left eye. A dome-shaped subhyaloid hemorrhage was found in the right eye and then was treated with Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy. The results of therapy were seen in improvement of vision after one week of therapy. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser hyaloidotomy is a non-invasive procedure that is relatively safe, and improvement of vision can be observed in a short time, in this case, within one week. Keywords: Nd:YAG laser; hyaloidotomy; subhyaloid premacular hemorrages; acute lymphoblastic leukemia Abstrak: Perdarahan premakular subhialoid merupakan kondisi yang mengakibatkan turunnya tajam penglihatan yang hebat terutama jika terjadi di daerah sekitar makula. Perdarahan premakular subhialoid ini sering terjadi pada leukemia limfoblastik akut. Nd:YAG laser hialoidotomi merupakan salah satu terapi non invasif untuk mengatasi keadaan perdarahan ini. Kami melaporkan kasus seorang anak laki-laki berusia 15 tahun dengan keluhan mata kanan kabur mendadak. Pasien dengan riwayat leukemia limfoblastik akut. Tajam penglihatan 1/60 pada mata kanan dan 6/9 pada mata kiri. Ditemukan perdarahan subhialoid berbentuk kubah pada mata kanan dan dilakukan terapi Nd:YAG laser hialoidotomi. Hasil terapi memperlihatkan perbaikan tajam penglihatan setelah satu minggu terapi. Simpulan kasus ini ialah terapi Nd:YAG laser hialoidotomi merupakan prosedur non- invasif yang relatif aman dan perbaikan tajam penglihatan dapat terlihat dalam waktu singkat yaitu dalam kurun waktu satu minggu Kata kunci: Nd:YAG laser hialoidotomi; perdarahan premakular subhialoid; leukemia limfoblastik akut

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Lee, Yuri, Jae Suk Kim, Bum Gi Kim, Je Hyung Hwang, Min Ji Kang, and Jee Hye Lee. "Comparison of the Incidence of Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy Based on the Type of Intraocular Lens." Medicina 59, no. 12 (December 14, 2023): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59122173.

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Background and Objectives: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common long-term complication of successful cataract surgery and can cause visual impairment. We aimed to investigate the effects of intraocular lens (IOL) characteristics on PCO by comparing the incidence of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy for different types of intraocular lenses. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 2866 eyes that underwent cataract surgery between January 2010 and December 2017, with at least 5 years of follow-up. The IOLs used for surgery were the hydrophobic lenses SN60WF (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX, USA), ZCB00 (Johnson & Johnson Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA), and MX60 (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA), and the hydrophilic lens MI60 (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY, USA). We analyzed the incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy according to the type of IOL used. Results: The incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was significantly higher with MI60 lenses (31.70%, 175/552 eyes) compared to SN60WF (7.90%, 113/1431 eyes), ZCB00 (10.06%, 64/636 eyes), and MX60 (10.57%, 13/123 eyes; p < 0.001) lenses. The incidence of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was significantly lower with the hydrophobic IOLs (8.68%, 190/2190 eyes) than with the hydrophilic IOL (31.70%, 175/552 eyes; p < 0.001). Over time, the rate of increase in the cumulative number of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy cases was the highest with MI60. The cumulative rate of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy during the first 3 years was 4.90% with SN60WF (70/1431 eyes), 6.76% with ZCB00 (43/636 eyes), 8.94% with MX60 (11/123 eyes), and 26.10% with MI60 (144/552 eyes) lenses. Conclusions: The incidence of PCO is influenced by the material of the IOLs. The hydrophilic IOL was associated with a higher rate of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy than the hydrophobic IOLs, with a shorter time to Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy.

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Li, Yong Chao, Wang Guo, Tie Cheng Lu, Shi Hong Tong, Rui Xiao Fang, and Hui Xu. "Sintering of Transparent Polycrystal Nd:YAG with MgO as Additive." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.426.

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In this paper, pure phase Nd-doped YAG powders were prepared by co-precipitation method with different amount of MgO (0~ 0.6 wt %) as additive. Transparent Nd:YAG ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering at 1750°C for 10 hours using the powders. Microstructure of the surfaces of thermally etched Nd:YAG ceramics was observed by SEM. Transmittance of the transparent Nd:YAG ceramics was measured over the wavelength region from 600nm to1200nm. The results showed that MgO as sintering aid can restrain abnormal grain growth and reduce pores in grains and at the same time, optical transmittance of the ceramics was increased. The optimal weight percentage of MgO added can be determined as 0.3wt % for the fabrication of transparent Nd:YAG ceramics.

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Cui, Xiao Jin, and Wei Pan. "The Gibbs Energy Description of Nd:YAG System." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.479.

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Sublattice model is used to describe the complex system, Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG), and then Gibbs energy function of Nd:YAG system is seriously evaluated, mainly focusing on the instability of NAG, which has a direct effect on the Gibbs energy of NAG as well as Nd:YAG. Incorporating the selected literature thermochemical data of Nd:YAG system with the reevaluated parameters in Gibbs energy function according to a method utilized for defining the instability of NAG, the Gibbs energy function is well described. Trying to be more convincible, the method utilized for defining compounds stability and reevaluating the parameters has been test in Al2O3-Nd2O3, Al2O3-Y2O3, Al2O3-Gd2O3, Al2O3-Sm2O3 systems, achieving a satisfying agreement.

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Kasraei, Shahin, Sogol NejadKarimi, Mona Malek, and Mahsa Mohammadi. "Influence of laser deproteinization of acid-etched dentin on marginal microleakage of class V composite restoration." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 20 (February 17, 2021): e210525. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v20i00.8660525.

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Aim: Recent reports indicate that deproteinization of acid-etched dentin surface can extend penetration depth of adhesive agents. The main goal of the present research was to investigate the deproteinization effect of Nd:YAG and diode 940 lasers on acid-etched dentin and microleakage grade in class V composite restorations. Methods: 36 extracted human premolar teeth were selected to make standard buccal and lingual class V cavities. These samples were randomly split into three sub-groups: 1.Control group, in which composite was applied for restoration after etch and bonding process without deproteinization; 2.Nd:YAG laser group, in which the teeth were deproteinized with Nd:YAG laser after etching and painting internal surfaces of cavities with Van Geison stain and then composite restorations applied just as control group; 3.Diode laser group, in which the process was similar to Nd:YAG laser group, but instead, diode 940 laser was irradiated. The teeth were bisected into two equal longitudinal buccal and lingual halves. Marginal microleakage of samples was scored by using a stereomicroscope. Kruskal- Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s statistical tests were employed for analysis of the obtained data. Results: A significant reduction in marginal microleakage was observed for both groups treated with laser (Nd:YAG and diode 940)compared to control (p=0.001 & p=0.047). There was no significant difference in marginal microleakage between Nd:YAG laser and diode 940groups (P = 0.333). Conclusion: Nd:YAG and diode 940 laser deproteinization of acid-etched dentin decreased the marginal microleakage of in-vitro class V resin composite restorations.

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Sani, E., E. Favilla, M. Ciofini, A. Lapucci, G. Bezzi, C. Mingazzini, and S. Sangiorgi. "Comparative Optical Characterization of Transparent Nd-Doped YAG Ceramics and Single Crystals for Laser Applications." Advances in Science and Technology 45 (October 2006): 2608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2608.

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Highly-transparent Nd:YAG ceramic pellets have been produced, characterized and compared with Nd:YAG commercial ceramics and single crystals. The obtained results are promising for laser applications.

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Xia, Danqing, Zenggui Mo, Gang Zhao, Fei Guo, Chao You, Ze Chen, Xiao Zhu, Zhengjia Li, Di Chen, and Xiaohong Fan. "Nd:YAG Lasers Treating of Carious Lesion and Root Canal In Vitro." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/584079.

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Dental caries is a transmissible bacterial disease process, with cavities at the end, and caused by acids from bacterial metabolism. The essence of dental treatment is to clean and disinfect bacterial contamination from the tooth. In this work, we tried to demonstrate the cleaning and disinfecting effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on dental carious lesion and root canal in vitro. Acousto-optic Q-switched quasicontinuous and Cr3+:YAG crystal Q-switched pulse Nd:YAG lasers were employed to treat caries lesion and the root canal, respectively. Results showed that acousto-optic Q-switched quasicontinuous Nd:YAG laser irradiation and Cr3+:YAG crystal Q-switched pulse Nd:YAG laser irradiation could rapidly clean decayed material and bacterial contamination from dental carious lesion and the narrow tail end of root canal with minimally invasive in vitro, respectively. It was concluded that acousto-optic Q-switched quasicontinuous laser irradiation may be a rapid and effective alternative caries treatment, and Cr3+:YAG crystal Q-switched pulse Nd:YAG laser irradiation may be an effective method for canal cleaning and disinfecting during root canal therapy.

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Guo, L., PK Kayastha, L. Chen, M. Shakya, and X. Chen. "Clinical Evaluation of Nd:YAG Laser With and Without Dentin Bonding Agent for the Treatment of Occlusal Hypersensitivity." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-265-c.

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SUMMARY Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare both the immediate and delayed desensitizing effects of the Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped:yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd3+:Y3Al5O12) laser with and without dentin bonding agent (DBA) on occlusal dentinal hypersensitivity (DH). Methods and Materials: Twenty-one patients with a total of 117 chronic occlusal hypersensitive teeth were selected. Each subject had at least three hypersensitive teeth. These teeth were randomly allocated into three groups: group 1, DBA on the occlusal surface; group 2, Nd:YAG laser (1064-nm wavelength, 30 mJ of energy, 10 pulse/s, 60 seconds, two times); and group 3, Nd:YAG laser (1064-nm wavelength, 30 mJ of energy, 10 pulse/s, 60 seconds, two times) with DBA. Pain was assessed using a visual analog scale after stimulation of the sensitive teeth by using the sharp tip of an explorer and an air blast prior to treatment and immediately, one week, one month, and three months after treatment by one blinded examiner. Results: A significant reduction in occlusal DH occurred at all time points in all of the experimental groups. The three groups showed significant improvements in discomfort immediately after treatment and after one week (p<0.001), but the Nd:YAG laser with DBA group had greater efficacy when compared with the other groups. The Nd:YAG laser group and Nd:YAG laser with DBA group had no significant differences at one month and three months after treatment (p>0.05); however, their desensitizing efficacy was superior to the DBA group. Conclusions: The Nd:YAG laser with DBA may be most effective in the long-term treatment of occlusal DH, although other measures also reduce DH.

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Petrovic, Aleksandra, and Georgios Kymionis. "Massive iridoschisis after penetrating keratoplasty successfully managed with nd:Yag punctures: A case report." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): NP15—NP17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119853105.

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Background: To describe the successful management of a massive iridoschisis after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus, using the nd:YAG punctures. Case presentation: A 73-year-old male patient has undergone four penetrating keratoplasties for keratoconus. Nine months after the last surgery, patient presented with massive iridoschisis involving the visual axis. Patient was successfully treated with nd:YAG laser iridopunctures. Conclusion: Massive iridoschisis could be a potential complication of keratoconus, especially after penetrating keratoplasty. This condition can be potentially treated with nd:YAG iridopunctures.

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Zhu, Zhanda, Weichong Wu, Luda Wang, Yongling Hui, Hong Lei, and Qiang Li. "Dual-wavelength laser source by spectral beam combining of two Nd:YAG pulse lasers." Applied Optics 62, no. 8 (March 2, 2023): 1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.481107.

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We present a dual-wavelength laser source obtained by spectral beam combining of two solid-state Nd:YAG pulsed lasers. The central wavelengths were locked at 1061.5 and 1064.6 nm. The output energy was the sum of the energy of the individually locked Nd:YAG lasers. The beam quality M2 of the combined beam is 2.8×2.2, which is nearly the same as that of a single Nd:YAG laser beam. This work should be helpful to provide an effective dual-wavelength laser source for applications.

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Feng, Tao, Pankaj K. Sahoo, Francisco R. Arteaga-Sierra, Christophe Dorrer, and Jie Qiao. "Pulse-Propagation Modeling and Experiment for Femtosecond-Laser Writing of Waveguide in Nd:YAG." Crystals 9, no. 8 (August 20, 2019): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9080434.

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In this work, unidirectional pulse propagation equation (UPPE) modeling is performed to study the nonlinear laser-mater interaction in silicon and Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) crystals. The simulation results are validated with reported experimental results for silicon and applied to Nd:YAG crystals with experimental validation. Stress-induced waveguides are written in Nd:YAG crystals using 515 nm, 300 fs pulses at a 1 kHz repetition rate. Waveguides having a mean propagation loss of 0.21 ± 0.06 dB/cm are obtained, which is lower than the previous reported values for Type-II waveguides written in Nd:YAG crystals. The modeling and experimental results consistently show that the modification (waveguide track) depth increases with input energy. A detailed analysis is presented to control the modal properties of the waveguide in the context of UPPE simulation.

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Sherniyozov, A. A., Sh D. Payziyev, G. A. Khalikov, Kh F. Zikrillayev, S. A. Bakhramov, Kh M. Makhmudov, M. Z. Ismailov, and D. E. Payziyeva. "Effect of color converters on the performance of solar or light-emitting diode pumped solid-state lasers." «Узбекский физический журнал» 22, no. 5 (November 28, 2020): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52304/.v22i5.193.

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The effect of using external frequency converters on the luminescence intensity of an Nd:YAG crystal is studied. The crystal is illuminated by light-emitting diode (LED) with and without Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ material as an external converter. Obtained experimental results show that the luminescence intensity of Nd:YAG crystal increased by 1.5 times when Nd:YAG crystal is illuminated by LED together with color converter based on Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ demonstrating that external frequency converters can be a potential candidate for creating more efficient solar or LED pumped lasers.

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Bains, Vivek K., and Rhythm Bains. "Lasers in Periodontics: An Overview." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 4, Spl (2010): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-4-spl-29.

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ABSTRACT Among commonly used lasers in dentistry viz CO2, Nd:YAG, Ho:YAG, Er: YAG, Er, Cr:YSGG, Nd:YAP, GaAs (diode) and argon, Er:YAG laser, at appropriate settings, possesses the best property for selective subgingival calculus removal without a thermal change of the root surface, soft tissue surgical procedures, root surface alterations, degranulation and implant surface decontamination alongwith proposed application in osseous surgery. Epithelial exclusion using CO2 laser has been suggested to retard its downward growth. Waterlase® and PeriowaveTM systems are recent devices that have further revolutionised the laser techonology for its favourable clinical applications; however, the procedural cost with the laser device still constitutes an obstacle for its routine application.

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Potirak, Prayut, Monludee Ranusawud, Pichet Limsuwan, and Prathan Buranasiri. "Investigation of the Characteristic of the Nd:YAG Laser for Standard Wavelength in Metrology." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.398.

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This research studied characteristics of the Nd:YAG laser with second harmonic generation (SHG) at 532 nm. It can be develop as a standard wavelength according to the recommendation made by the Comite International des Poids et Measures (CIPM). This study investigates various parameters that effect wavelength and laser power of the Nd:YAG laser such as injection current of diode laser, temperature of Nd:YAG crystal and second harmonic generator crystal. Its wavelength can be tuned in the range of standard wavelength at 532.24503 nm with 10-7 of stability.

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Lindholm, Juha-Matti, Ilkka Laine, and Raimo Tuuminen. "Intraocular Lens Power, Myopia, and the Risk of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy after 15,375 Cataract Surgeries." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (September 24, 2020): 3071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103071.

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The present study estimated the 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy according to the diopter power of implanted hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs). Data were retrospectively collected of 15,375 eyes having cataract surgery and in-the-bag implantation of hydrophobic acrylic monofocal IOLs at the Ophthalmology Unit of Kymenlaakso Central Hospital, Kotka, Finland between the years 2007 and 2016. The cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy was calculated by Kaplan–Meier estimates, and potential risk factors were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model. The 5-year cumulative probability of Nd:YAG capsulotomy after cataract surgery was 27.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 22.9–32.6%) for low-diopter (5–16.5 D) IOLs, 14.6% (13.8–15.5%) for mid-diopter (17–24.5 D) IOLs, and 13.6% (11.7–15.6%) for high-diopter (25–30 D) IOLs. A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low-diopter IOLs (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.38–2.25; p < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of Nd:YAG capsulotomy compared to mid-diopter IOLs over the follow-up period after accounting for other predictors. Real-world evidence shows that low-diopter IOLs are associated with significantly higher risk of Nd:YAG capsulotomy within five years following implantation. Estimation should help in evaluating the risks of cataract surgery in myopic eyes.

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Hou, Xiuxiu, Keyong Yuan, Zhengwei Huang, and Rui Ma. "Effects of Bleaching Associated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG Laser on Enamel Structure and Bacterial Biofilm Formation." Scanning 2021 (December 20, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6400605.

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Objective. To compare the effects of bleaching associated with Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser on enamel structure and mixed biofilm formation on teeth surfaces. Materials and Methods. Sixty-eight enamel samples were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 17 ), control, Opalescence Boost only, Opalescence Boost plus Er: YAG laser, and Opalescence Boost plus Nd:YAG laser. The structure was observed using SEM after bleaching. Subsequently, the treated enamel samples were also cultured in suspensions of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) for 24 and 48 h. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining, and the structure was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis method. Results. The enamel structure significantly changed after bleaching. There was no obvious difference in the biofilm formation after 24 h; however, after 48 hours, the amount of biofilm increased significantly. Remarkably, the amount was significantly higher on enamel bleached only, however, there was no significant difference between samples bleached with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser compared to the control. Conclusions. Bleaching only appeared to markedly promote biofilm formation after 48 h, and the biofilms on samples bleached with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser did not change significantly, showing that bleaching with Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser can be safely applied in clinical practice.

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Vas, Krisztina, Magdolna Gaál, Erika Varga, Réka Kovács, Balázs Bende, Ádám Kocsis, and Lajos Kemény. "Effects of the Combined PDL/Nd:YAG Laser on Surgical Scars: Vascularity and Collagen Changes Evaluated byIn VivoConfocal Microscopy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/204532.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the sequential combined 585 nm PDL and the 1064 nm neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser (PDL/Nd:YAG) in the treatment of surgical scars and to evaluate the short-term effects byin vivoconfocal microscopy (RCM) and the long-term effects by clinical assessment of the scars. Twenty-five patients were enrolled with 39 postoperative linear scars; each scar was divided into two fields. One half was treated with the combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser, whereas the other half remained untreated. Each scar was treated three times at monthly intervals. Scars were evaluated by an independent examiner, using the Vancouver Scar Scale. The combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser significantly improved the appearance of the scars. In order to study the short-term effects of combined laser treatment, six additional patients were enrolled with 7 postoperative linear scars. One half of scars was treated once with the combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser. One week after this laser treatment, both the treated and the nontreated parts of the scars were examined by dermoscopy and RCM. The dermoscopic pictures revealed improvements even in treated areas. In conclusion, the combined PDL/Nd:YAG laser was found to be effective in improving the quality and appearance of the surgical scars.

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EICHLER, H. J., A. HAASE, and R. MENZEL. "SBS-PHASE CONJUGATION FOR THERMAL LENS COMPENSATION IN 100 W AVERAGE POWER SOLID-STATE LASERS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 03, no. 03 (July 1994): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199194000201.

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The thermal lensing effect in high-average power Nd:YAG-laser amplifiers is compensated by stimulated Brillouin scattering in CS 2. Nearly diffraction limited laser beams with average powers above 100 Watts were obtained. The system emitted bursts of 10 to 30 pulses with 40 ns width. The bursts have a repetition rate of 100 Hz and a duration of 100 µs. The beam quality degrades by depolarization effects at the highest pump and output powers. This degradation is avoided using polarization preserving Nd:YALO-laser crystals.

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Zou, Xiang Yu, Hong Bo Zhang, and Chun Hui Su. "Synthesis of Nd:YAG Powders by the Co-Precipitation Method." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 3306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.3306.

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Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) transparent ceramic doped with Nd have predominantly chemical stability, excellent optical quality and high temperature stability, it is becomeing a substitute for single crystal, had already become new generation laser material, have important strategic sense in the laser and the superelevation powders laser system. Al(NO3)3·9H2O, Y2O3, Nd2O3,(NH4)2SO4 and NH4HCO3 are raw material, TEOS is additive and ethylene glycol(EG). Nd:YAG precursor powders witch is Homogeneously dispersed, little agglomerated, pure YAG phase, different Nd3+ doped density were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The Nd:YAG ceramic powders were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, FT-IR.

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Shields, Bridget E., Molly S. Moye, Rodrigo Bayon, Steven M. Sperry, and Karolyn A. Wanat. "A Hairy Situation: Laser Hair Removal after Oral Reconstruction." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 127, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489417750930.

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Objectives: To present a case series of 4 patients who underwent postoperative hair removal using the long-pulsed Alexandrite or Nd:YAG laser following intraoral cutaneous flap reconstruction. Methods: Patients underwent epilation in dermatology clinic with long-pulsed Alexandrite or Nd:YAG lasers, spaced 8 weeks apart, until hair removal was achieved. Results: All patients achieved improvement in hair removal regardless of initial flap donor site with significant improvement in quality of life and minimal side effects. Conclusions: The long-pulsed Alexandrite and Nd:YAG represent safe and effective treatment options to improve patient quality of life following intraoral flap repair following excision of malignancy.

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Rogazhinskas, P. V., B. B. Dobryakov, N. V. Ermakovich, and S. V. Sidorov. "The usage of Nd:YAG laser in SMAS lifting of the middle and lower third of the face." Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery 25, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52581/1814-1471/82/07.

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The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of vertical face lifting by introducing into surgical practice a laser system of the Fotona SP Spectro model with a Nd:YAG laser source. The technique of intraoperative exposure of the Fotona SP Spectro laser system with an Nd:YAG laser source to the superficial muscular-aponeurotic system (SMAS) of the middle and lower third of the face is proposed. The authors conclude that the use of Nd:YAG laser in a single procedure shortens the rehabilitation period and significantly increases the rejuvenation effect in cases with hypermobile and thinned SMAS.

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Li, Jun, Yong Zhu, and Chuang Tian Chen. "Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Transparent Nd:YAG Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.278.

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Transparent Nd:YAG ceramics which are very hard and brittle materials, are very difficult to be polished. There are many micro scratches or damages on the surface after mechanical polishing with Al2O3. In order to remove micro scratches or damages, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was adopted to manufacture Nd:YAG ceramics. In the polishing experiment, Pellon and Chemcloth pads were utilized for chemical mechanical polishing of Nd:YAG ceramics. Colloidal SiO2 was selected as the polishing slurry in two different polishing environments, acidity and alkalinity. The surface roughness was determined by using atomic force microscope. In this study, four polishing experimental combinations that each combination contains one of the two pads and one of the two polishing environments were carried out in the optimum polishing condition. Then the high quality surface of transparent Nd:YAG ceramics with the best surface roughness of < 0.2 nm RMS and few micro scratches or damages is obtained by adopting CMP process with Chemcloth pad and colloidal SiO2 in acidic condition.

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Strugar, John, and Douglas Chyatte. "In situ photocoagulation of spinal dural arteriovenous malformations using the Nd:YAG laser." Journal of Neurosurgery 77, no. 4 (October 1992): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1992.77.4.0571.

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✓ Spinal dural arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) are the most common type of AVM involving the spinal cord in adults. Direct obliteration of the fistula nidus located in the dura is the preferred method of treatment. Five cases of spinal dural AVM were treated by open surgical exposure, microsurgical disconnection of the dural nidus from the coronal venous plexus, and in situ obliteration of the nidus using the Nd:YAG laser. Use of the Nd:YAG laser reduced nidus obliteration to a simple 10-minute technical exercise. All patients improved neurologically following surgery, and complete obliteration of all lesions was verified by delayed angiography. There were no permanent complications related to either the surgical exposure or the use of the Nd:YAG laser. Open surgical treatment of spinal dural AVM's using the Nd:YAG laser appears to be a safe, effective, and durable method of treating these lesions. Photocoagulation is discussed in the context of the other treatment modalities available.

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Hasheminia, Seyed Mohsen, Reza Birang, Mahboobe Feizianfard, and Mina Nasouri. "A Comparative Study of the Removal of Smear Layer by Two Endodontic Irrigants and Nd:YAG Laser: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study." ISRN Dentistry 2012 (July 16, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/620951.

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The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 17% EDTA, 5% maleic acid, and Nd:YAG laser on smear layer removal by SEM. Eighty single-rooted teeth were divided into three groups of 25 according to the final procedure for smear layer removal: irrigation by 17% EDTA or 5% maleic acid or Nd:YAG laser irradiation. The other five teeth was used as control. Roots were sectioned into buccal and lingual parts, and smear layer presence was recorded in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds under SEM. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests. There was no significant difference between smear layer removal of 17% EDTA and 5% maleic acid. Nd:YAG laser showed the least effect significantly. The coronal part of samples was significantly cleaner than the middle, and the middle was cleaner than the apical section. 17% EDTA and 5% maleic acid were more effective in smear layer removal compared to Nd:YAG laser.

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Chen, Hung-Chi, Chia-Yi Lee, Chun-Fu Liu, Yi-Jen Hsueh, Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir, Chao-Min Cheng, and Wei-Chi Wu. "Corneal Endothelial Changes Following Early Capsulotomy Using Neodymium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser." Diagnostics 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2022): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12010150.

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We aimed to survey whether the timing of neodymium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy would alter the corneal endothelial morphology and density. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, and 48 patients with unilateral posterior capsular opacity (PCO) and Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy performance were enrolled. The participants were divided into the early Nd:YAG group (timing ≤ 12 months, n = 20) and late Nd:YAG group (timing > 12 months, n= 28) depending on elapsed months between phacoemulsification and Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variant (CV), hexagonality (HEX), and central corneal thickness (CCT) between the two groups were collected. A generalized estimate equation was conducted to evaluate the corneal endothelial parameters between the two groups with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The CDVA was improved after treatment in both groups (both p < 0.001). Chronically, ECD in the early group was significantly decreased one week after treatment (2221.50 ± 327.73/mm2 vs. 2441.55 ± 321.80/mm2, p < 0.001), which recovered to 2369.95 ± 76.37/mm2 four weeks after the treatment but was still lower than the preoperative status (p < 0.001). In addition, the HEX percentage showed a significant reduction at four weeks after treatment (p = 0.028). The ECD in the early group was significantly lower than that in the late group (aOR: 0.167, 95% CI: 0.079–0.356, p = 0.003) in both week 1 (p < 0.001) and week 4 (p = 0.004) after laser treatment. In conclusion, the early application of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy within one year after cataract surgery may be the reason for postoperative ECD decrement without known etiology.

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Ursell, Paul G., Mukesh Dhariwal, Derek O’Boyle, Javeed Khan, and Alessandra Venerus. "5 year incidence of YAG capsulotomy and PCO after cataract surgery with single-piece monofocal intraocular lenses: a real-world evidence study of 20,763 eyes." Eye 34, no. 5 (October 15, 2019): 960–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41433-019-0630-9.

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Abstract Objectives To evaluate the 3- and 5-year incidence of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) capsulotomy in patients following cataract surgery, comparing results for different single-piece acrylic hydrophilic and hydrophobic monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) models and other patient factors. Patients and methods Electronic medical record data collected from seven United Kingdom (UK) National Health Service (NHS) ophthalmology clinics for routine, age-related (≥65 years) cataract surgeries that implanted single-piece acrylic monofocal IOLs during 2010–2013 were used to calculate 3- and 5-year incidence of Nd:YAG and PCO. IOL models of Alcon Acrysof, AMO Tecnis, Bausch & Lomb (B & L) Akreos, LenStec Softec, and Rayner Flex were analyzed. Pairwise comparisons were conducted between AcrySof IOLs and other IOLs using Bonferroni adjustment for multiplicity. Multivariate analyses were conducted adjusting for known confounders. Results The incidence of Nd:YAG capsulotomy ranged between 2.4–12.6% at 3 years and 5.8–19.3% at 5 years post-cataract surgery. Similarly, the incidence of PCO ranged between 4.7–18.6% at 3 years and 7.1–22.6% at 5 years. When comparing all of the single-piece IOLs, AcrySof demonstrated the lowest incidence rates for both PCO and Nd:YAG (P < 0.001 for each comparison). From adjusted logistic regression analysis, AcrySof were associated with lower 3- and 5-year odds of Nd:YAG and PCO incidence. Conclusions Following cataract surgery with single-piece monofocal IOLs different incidence rates of PCO were observed with different IOLs. AcrySof IOLs were associated with significantly lower incidence of PCO requiring Nd:YAG treatment over periods of 3 and 5 years.

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Lu Tingting, 陆婷婷, 王君涛 Wang Juntao, 黄敏捷 Huang Minjie, 刘丹 Liu Dan, and 朱小磊 Zhu Xiaolei. "Simultaneous Multi-Wavelength Pulsed Laser in Diode-End-Pumped Nd:YLF/Nd:YAG." Chinese Journal of Lasers 39, no. 9 (2012): 0902002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201239.0902002.

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Pollnau, M., P. J. Hardman, M. A. Kern, W. A. Clarkson, and D. C. Hanna. "Upconversion-induced heat generation and thermal lensing in Nd:YLF and Nd:YAG." Physical Review B 58, no. 24 (December 15, 1998): 16076–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.58.16076.

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Pfistner, C., R. Weber, H. P. Weber, S. Merazzi, and R. Gruber. "Thermal beam distortions in end-pumped Nd:YAG, Nd:GSGG, and Nd:YLF rods." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 30, no. 7 (July 1994): 1605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.299492.

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Biller, Marvin Lucas, Michael Müller, and Thomas Kohnen. "How to … Nd:YAG-Iridotomie." Die Ophthalmologie 119, no. 9 (September 2022): 970–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00347-022-01711-6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nd:YAG'

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