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Journal articles on the topic 'Nd-YAG lasers'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Abdulwaahb, Hala Mahmood, Bassam G. Rasheed, and Hanadi H. Altawil. "Deposition of MgO Nanoparticles by Laser Pyrolysis." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 25, no. 1 (April 3, 2022): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.25010020.

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Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were deposited by laser pyrolysis process. Three types of lasers were employed CW CO2, Q-switched Nd-YAG (short pulses) and long pulses Nd-YAG lasers. The size and density of nanoparticles vary with laser energy, power, pulse duration and the scanning speed of the laser. In this method, MgO nanoparticles were deposited by a laser beam on a quartz substrate from aqueous solution of magnesium nitrate. AFM images reveal formation of small nanoparticle size of 24.5 nm with surface roughness 6.97nm by Q-switched Nd-YAG laser (10 ns) when the energy was 1J. While for CO2 laser, the smallest size was 18.8 nm at 0.4mm/s scanning speed with surface roughness 5.21nm at the same scanning speed. Moreover, long Nd-YAG pulses laser produces relatively larger average size of 37.5nm at 0.8ms pulse duration. The absorption spectra from UV-Visible spectroscopy were also conducted. The best absorption intensity was obtained at a wavelength ranging between 420-430 nm for both lasers. Finally, Thermal analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics software for the deposition process reveals that maximum temperature about 440Kfor Q-Switched Nd-YAG laser at 1J laser energy. While for RF CO2 laser, the maximum temperature obtained at 0.4mm/s scanning speed is 850K.This work provides a good knowledge for the deposition of nanoparticles using laser beams.
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2

Al-Hosiny, N. M., A. A. El-Maaref, and R. M. El-Agmy. "Mitigation of Thermal Effects in End Pumping of Nd : YAG and Composite YAG/Nd : YAG Laser Crystas, Modelling and Experiments-=SUP=-1-=/SUP=-." Журнал технической физики 91, no. 8 (2021): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.08.51103.38-21.

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In this work, we have presented a finite element (FE) numerical modelling simulations to study and analyze the thermal effects in Nd : YAG and composite YAG/Nd : YAG laser rods. We have calculated the temperature distributions, stress intensity and thermal focal lengths at different pump powers for both rods. The FE simulations showed that using composite laser rod of undoped cap reduces the maximum value of stress intensity and thermal focal length by ~35% and ~ 50%, respectively. We have verified the FE calculations experimentally by direct measurement of focal length of thermally induced lens by using Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. Good agreement was obtained between FE calculations and experimental measurements. Keywords: Nd : YAG lasers, Thermal lens, Wavefront sensing, solid state lasers.
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3

Basu, S. "Nd-YAG and Yb-YAG rotary disk lasers." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 11, no. 3 (May 2005): 626–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2005.850238.

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4

Saiki, T., T. Iwashita, J. Sakamoto, T. Hayashi, T. Nakamachi, Y. Fujimoto, Y. Iida, and M. Nakatsuka. "Rod-Type Ce/Cr/Nd : YAG Ceramic Lasers with White-Light Pump Source." International Journal of Optics 2022 (September 19, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8480676.

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Ceramic is promising for use as a solid-laser material pumped with solar or lamp light. We developed a Cr3+ ion doped Nd : YAG ceramic laser that converts white light into near-infrared laser light more efficiently. Investigation of its optical properties has revealed that large gain can be realized with excitation power that is one order of magnitude less than that in the case of Nd : YAG. Ce3+ ion doping also makes it possible to utilize the excitation light components with wavelengths of 350 nm or less, preventing generation of color centers. A rod-type Ce3+/Cr3+/Nd : YAG ceramic pumped by white light such as solar light or flash lamp light was developed. Fluorescence lifetime of ceramic was measured. Laser oscillations at free running mode were observed. Also, numerical calculation for output laser power and gain at lasing threshold was performed. Fluorescence lifetime increased as temperature rose, which was observed in Cr/Nd : YAG ceramic. This increase suggests the existence of a cross-relaxation effect. Maximum output laser energy of 73 mJ with the peak power of 330 W was obtained. Obtained output laser energy was around twice more than that in case of Cr3+/Nd : YAG ceramic with the same Nd and Cr ion concentration.
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5

Al-Bakaa, Muhammad K., Muhsin A. Al-Dhalimi, Prabhatchandra Dube, and Fatimah K. Khalaf. "Evaluating the Roles of Different Types of Laser Therapy in Becker’s Nevus Treatment." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 4230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11144230.

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Becker’s nevus (BN) is a cutaneous hamartoma of benign nature that develops through adolescence and affects mostly young men. The nevus is usually located unilaterally and is characterized by hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation. Despite recent advances in treatment modalities, no effective treatment has been established for BN hyperpigmentation. We sought to assess the efficacy and safety of fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm and Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm lasers in the treatment of BN hyperpigmentation. Twenty-three patients with BN were included in a prospective, randomized-controlled, observer-blinded, split-lesion comparative technique trial. In each patient, two similar square test regions were randomized to either be treated with a fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm laser or with a Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm laser. Each patient was treated with three sessions at six-week intervals. At the follow-up, clearance of hyperpigmentation was assessed by physician global assessment, visual analogue scale, grade of improvement, patient global assessment, and patient satisfaction. Regions treated with the fractional Erbium: YAG 2940 nm laser demonstrated significantly better improvement compared to ones treated with the Q-switched Nd: YAG 1064 nm (p-value = 0.001) laser. Adverse effects such as repigmentation and hypertrophic scarring were not reported during the follow-up period. The outcomes were cosmetically acceptable with overall high satisfaction among the included patients. Our data suggest a superior role for the fractional Erbium: YAG (2940 nm) laser in the treatment of BN hyperpigmentation compared to the Q-switched Nd: YAG (1064 nm) laser, along with being a safer method and having no reported side effects.
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6

Gueorgieva, Tzvetelina G., and Raina T. Gergova. "INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ND: YAG - LASER AND STANDARD ENDODONTIC TREATMENT." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 27, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 3736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2021272.3736.

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Introduction: The microbial infection is one of the main causes of the dental pulp and periodontal diseases. Previously used methods for its elimination are not fully effective, and often some microorganisms in root canals (RC) remain unaffected after treatment. Another modern method for disinfection of root canal system is laser disinfection. Different types of lasers are used - Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, Diode laser. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to compare the antibacterial activity of ND: YAG laser and conventional endodontic therapy in the treatment of infected root canals. Materials and methods The study involved 36 teeth of patients diagnosed with pulp gangrene or chronic periapical periodontitis, requiring endodontic treatment. They were divided into two groups of 18 teeth each one. The teeth in both groups are prepared by Protaper Universal rotary instruments (Maillefer Instruments SA, Ballaigues, Switzerland). In group 1the root canals disinfection is performed with a Nd: YAG laser (source of Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm) is the AT Fidelis - Fotona d.d., Ljubljana laser system). In group 2 was used the following protocol of root canal disinfection: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and 17% EDTA divided by irrigation with distilled water. Then a sterile paper point is placed in the root canals, and a microbiological sample is taken again. Results: In all compared pairs, there was no significantly different effect regarding the number of microorganisms. Conclusions: The disinfection rinsing method with NaOCl has the strongest antimicrobial effect in clinical studies (90% against all microbial isolates). The use of Nd: YAG laser independently is not always sufficient for root canal disinfection - the effect is about 66%.
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7

Angela Toshie Araki, Alexandre Gomes Bezerra, Priscila Alonso Henriques, Andrea Kanako Yamazaki Arasaki, Igor Prokopowitsch, and Celso Luis Caldeira. "Analysis of apical sealing of canals irradiated with Er: YAG and Nd: YAG lasers and filled with AH Plus®." RSBO 10, no. 1 (March 28, 2014): 20–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v10i1.889.

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Laser technology is gaining increasing importance in dental practice and also in the field of Endodontics with its ability to promote disinfection and experimentally in the preparation of root canal. The action of different types of lasers results in changes representing the increase in permeability of dentinal tissue (Er: YAG) or sometimes by a decrease in melting and recrystallization of dentin (Nd: YAG). Objective: this study assessed through apical dye leakage, the influence of irradiation with two types of laser, regarding to the quality of apical sealing of endodontic fillings. Material and methods:Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were used after being prepared with the ProFile system up to size #40 instrument and then divided into four experimental and two control groups. The technique used previously to the filling was as follows: G1 – not irradiated; G2 – irradiated with Er: YAG; G3 – irradiated with Nd: YAG and G4 – irradiated with Er: YAG followed by Nd: YAG. After external waterproofing and dry, the specimens were filled with a cold vertical condensation technique, using AH Plus sealer, and immediately immersed into 0.5% methylene blue solution for subsequent cleavage. The linear values of apical marginal leakage were obtained with the aid of an optical microscope connected to a computer using the Image Lab® software. Results: Data analysis showed the non-existence of statistically significant (p = 0.05) differences between different groups. Conclusion: It was concluded that the laser does not have influence on the apical sealing.
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8

KREISNER, Paulo Eduardo, Vinicius Nery VIEGAS, Ana Cláudia Lustosa PEREIRA, and Rogério Miranda PAGNONCELLI. "Excisão cirúrgica de hemangioma labial com laser de Nd: YAG." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Porto Alegre 45, no. 2 (October 4, 2004): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2177-0018.7664.

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Hemangiomas são neoplasias benignas de vasos sangüíneos. Na cavidade buical ocorrem com maior prevalência em língua, lábios e mucosa jugal. Os lasers cirúrgicos constituem uma excelente alternativa terapêutica para este tipo de malformação vascular. As propriedades coagulativas e de corte destes lasers permitem procedimentos de excisão cirúrgica dos hemangiomas sem riscos de sangramento, proporcinando melhor padrão cicatricial e aspecto pós-operatório. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma revista de literatura sobre o uso de lasers cirúrgicos no tratamento de hemangiomas e relatar um caso clínico no qual o laser de Nd: YAG foi utilizado para excisão cirúrgica de hemangioma em lábio inferior.
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9

Xu Jinjin, 徐瑾瑾, 张行愚 Zhang Xingyu, 丛振华 Cong Zhenhua, 刘兆军 Liu Zhaojun, 陈晓寒 Chen Xiaohan, 秦增光 Qin Zengguang, 高飞龙 Gao Feilong, 王鹏 Wang Peng, 王泽城 Wang Zecheng, and 明娜 Ming Na. "Tunable Nd 3+∶YAG/KTiOAsO4 Raman Lasers." Chinese Journal of Lasers 47, no. 6 (2020): 0601002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202047.0601002.

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10

A.alkarem A.albaqi1, Marwan, Awatef Saber Jasem1, and Adnan Fathel A.azawai2. "The Influence of molecular Effects on Laser Nd:YAG and Diode on Trichophyton Rubrum fungi using RAPD marker." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 6 (November 3, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i6.896.

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This study was carried out to assess the morphological and molecular effects of the Nd: yag and Diode (semiconductor) lasers on Trichophyton rubrum Fungi using RAPD marke . Sixty samples of skin patches, nail clippings and parts of hair were collected from infected patients of both sexes (34 males and 26 females) for the age group (1-60) year of patients who have attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital. The T.rubrum fungi was the most common among the skin fungi, T.rubrum radiated by using two lasers: the Nd: yag laser with a wavelength (530) nm and energy (300, 500, 700) mJ and for two times exposing 20 and 30 seconds by six coefficients and control sample, the low-density diode (5 mW) for 3 times 10, 20 and 30 seconds on distance 20 cm with three treatments and a control sample. DNA was extracted from the fungus after direct exposure and after leaving it to grow for a whole generation and then was used to complete RAPD reactions using five primers. The RAPD marker gave excellent results with all primers, It was noted that the exposure of T. rubrum to the Nd: yag and Diode lasers with different cards and times had different effects on DNA and caused significant changes in the RAPD patterns compared with the control group, new bands appear and others disappear. The energy affecting the fungus T.rubrum for the first laser Nd: yag is 500 mj at time 30 sec while the power of the laser Diode was 5 mw at time 20 sec. The results suggested that the diode laser is highly effective and has a great effect on the genetic material of fungi compared with the effect of the first laser. The conclusion that the use of laser can affect DNA of skin fungi and may lead to mutations which means that it can be used in the treatment of skin fungal infections and the RAPD was effective in detecting the effect of laser at the molecular level as a simple, and inexpensive. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.117
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11

AN, JING, SHENGZHI ZHAO, GUIQIU LI, KEJIAN YANG, DECHUN LI, JING WANG, and MING LI. "LASER-DIODE END-PUMPED DOUBLY PASSIVELY Q-SWITCHED INTRACAVITY-FREQUENCY-DOUBLING Nd:YVO4/KTP GREEN LASER WITH Cr4+:YAG AND GaAs SATURABLE ABSORBERS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 02 (January 20, 2011): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979211056743.

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Doubly passively Q-switched Nd : YVO 4/ KTP green lasers with Cr 4+: YAG and GaAs saturable absorbers have been realized. Different small-signal transmissions T0 of Cr 4+: YAG are used and when T0 = 0.71, the highest average output power can be generated by the doubly passively Q-switched green laser. The experimental results reveal that the output characteristics of doubly passively Q-switched green lasers depend on the small-signal transmissions of two saturable absorbers. The suitable small-signal transmissions of two saturable absorbers should be reasonably chosen to meet the needs of applications.
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12

Kurtz, Bryan R., and James F. Daniell. "The role of lasers in the laparoscopic treatment of infertility and endometriosis." Reproductive Medicine Review 2, no. 2 (July 1993): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962279900000636.

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Lasers have now been used laparoscopically in infertility surgery for over a decase. Use of the CO2 laser at laparoscopy began independently in France, Israel and North America. Investigators have subsequently reported use of the argon, Nd-YAG, and the KTP lasers for laparoscopic laser surgery. All of these surgical lasers are now widely available and have been used clinically for many laparoscopic procedures. This review will examine the laparoscopic use of both infrared and visible laser light energy in the treatment of infertility and endometriosis.
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13

Feng, Yan, Jianren Lu, Kazunori Takaichi, Ken-ichi Ueda, Hideki Yagi, Takagimi Yanagitani, and Alexander A. Kaminskii. "Passively Q-switched ceramic Nd^3+:YAG/Cr^4+:YAG lasers." Applied Optics 43, no. 14 (May 10, 2004): 2944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.43.002944.

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14

Rajagopal, Sangeetha, Nivean Madhivanan, Lakshmi Mayilvakanam, and Pratheebadevi Nivean. "Choroidal Detachment Following Multi-spot Double Frequency Nd-YAG Retinal Photocoagulation – A Case Report." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 11, no. 3 (June 21, 2020): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2020.55.

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Introduction: Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) remains the gold standard treatment for severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), as it reduces the risk of severe visual loss by more than 50%. In the conventional single-spot laser, the procedure involves the application of moderate-intensity burns of 200-500 microns, placed one spot-size apart to achieve a total of 1200-2000 applications in 2 or 3 sessions. The more advanced retina lasers like the Pattern Scan Laser (PASCAL) and the VITRA multi-spot laser are 532 nm frequency-doubled (Nd: YAG) solid-state lasers. These modern lasers enable the application of multiple laser burns in a rapid pre-determined sequence with reduced pulse duration (10-20 ms) to facilitate the PRP to be completed in a single sitting with lesser collateral tissue damage. Case Report: Though multi-spot lasers have significantly reduced the adverse events when compared with the conventional single-spot lasers, we report a case of rare adverse events (serous choroidal detachment) following PRP with the VITRA multi-spot double frequency NdYAG (532 nm) laser. Conclusion: Most of the serious choroidal detachments following PRP are self-limiting. We recommend complete retinal evaluation post laser procedure even with modern multisport laser to look for such adverse events.
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15

Olsen, F. O., and L. Alting. "Pulsed Laser Materials Processing, ND-YAG versus CO 2 Lasers." CIRP Annals 44, no. 1 (1995): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)62293-8.

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16

Hendawy, Alyaa Farouk, Dalia Gamal Aly, Hisham Aly Shokeir, and Nevien Ahmed Samy. "Comparative Study Between the efficacy of Long-Pulsed Neodymium- YAG Laser and Fractional Co2 Laser in the Treatment of Striae Distensae." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 12, no. 1 (October 9, 2021): e57-e57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2021.57.

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Introduction: Stretch marks, or striae distensae (SD), are the lesions of the dermis caused by its linear atrophy at the sites of stretching. They occur in more than 70% of pregnant women and adolescents as a result of cutaneous stretching. This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the clinical and histological efficacy of the fractional CO2 laser versus the long pulsed (LP) Nd: YAG laser in the treatment of striae alba. Methods: Thirty female subjects having bilateral symmetrical stretch marks were managed by the LP Nd: YAG laser on the right side and the fractional CO2 laser on the left side. The laser treatment course consisted of 3 sessions with an interval of 3 weeks. The patient satisfaction score and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) were employed in the study in order to assess the improvement 3 months after therapy. Punch biopsies measuring 4 mm were extracted from one lesion on each side at baseline and after the last treatment session by 3 months to evaluate the thickness of both collagen and epidermis Results: Clinical improvement was more significant in the lesions treated by the LP Nd:YAG laser than those treated with the fractional CO2 laser. The patient satisfaction score and the GAIS were higher with a statistically significant value in the side treated by the LP Nd:YAG laser. Collagen and epidermal thickness increased more in the LP Nd: YAG laser-treated lesions in comparison to their thickness in the fractional CO2 laser-managed lesions, but this difference did not have a statistical significance. Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of the LP Nd-YAG laser exceeded that of the fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of striae alba without severe side effects in spite of the insignificant histological difference between the two lasers.
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17

UEDA, Ken-ichi, Jianren LU, Kazunori TAKAICHI, Hideki YAGI, Takakimi YANAGITANI, and Alexander KAMINSKII. "Nd-Doped Ceramic YAG Lasers and Their Future." Review of Laser Engineering 31, no. 7 (2003): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.465.

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18

Al-doori1, Aidah Abd, Awatef Saber Jasem1, and Adnan F. AL-Azzawie2. "Effects of Nd:Yag Laser on some virulence factor genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v25i2.962.

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The aim of this study was to assess effects of the 532nm Nd-yag laser on the genes of Tox A, Exo S, and Opr L, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria isolated from clinical (wounds, burns, otitis media) and environmental (water, soil) samples. Clinical samples were collected from patients coming to Saladdin General Hospital from wound, burns and middle ear infections while environmental samples were extracted from water and soil for Saladdin General Hospital . Bacterial samples irradiated by Nd-Yag laser with wavelength of 532 nm using energies (300mj,500mj) with (15 and 25 sec) and genomic DNA were extracted from all samples after the diagnosis of P. aeruginosa bacteria depending on the macroscopic and biochemical examination, then the PCR technique was performed. The results have shown an impact on P. aeruginosa bacteria of Nd-Yag laser by comparing PCR results of treated samples with control (unexposed) as loss of normal bands. This indicates that the laser had a genetic effect on the P. aeruginosa bacteria. We conclude that the laser induces genetic changes in P. aeruginosa's DNA so that lasers can be used in treatment and sterilization for clinical and environmental . The PCR technique could be used as a biomarker study to determine the biological effects of radiation on bacteria. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.034
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Yang, Hao, Jian Zhang, Dewei Luo, Hui Lin, Deyuan Shen, and Dingyuan Tang. "Novel transparent ceramics for solid-state lasers." High Power Laser Science and Engineering 1, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2013): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2013.18.

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AbstractRecent progress on rare-earth doped polycrystalline YAG transparent ceramics has made them an alternative novel solid-state laser gain material. In this paper we present results of our research on polycrystalline RE:YAG transparent ceramics. High optical quality YAG ceramics doped with various rare-earth (RE) ions such as ${\rm Nd}^{3+}$, ${\rm Yb}^{3+}$, ${\rm Er}^{3+}$, ${\rm Tm}^{3+}$, and ${\rm Ho}^{3+}$ have been successfully fabricated using the solid-state reactive sintering method. Highly efficient laser oscillations of the fabricated ceramics are demonstrated.
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Wu, Xiao Hong. "Study on Laser Brazing for Copper." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.141.

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The power at 400 Watts Nd: YAG laser is used for laser brazing on copper. By improving the process parameter,a good joint will be achieved. Because of the stainless steel material, more lasers will be absorbed, which can actualize the small power laser weld the thicker red copper. The test of the joint pull shows that the tensile strength of the copper brazing joint can reach more than 80% of its base mental.
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Striova, Jana, Raffaella Fontana, Ilaria Barbetti, Luca Pezzati, Annamaria Fedele, and Cristiano Riminesi. "Multisensorial Assessment of Laser Effects on Shellac Applied on Wall Paintings." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 12, 2021): 3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103354.

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The assessment of five different laser treatments in the conservation of wall paintings was devised on the basis of the surface temperature monitoring by infrared thermography (IRT), ultraviolet-induced fluorescence-visible (UV-VIS) imaging, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). A series of yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) lasers were tested for removal of shellac layers from wall painting mock-ups. The mock-ups were realized as buon fresco with different mineral based pigments (earths and iron oxide) on a lime- and sand-based mortar. After the carbonatation process, all the samples were treated with shellac (5% in ethanol). The effects of neodymium (Nd):YAG, holmium (Ho):YAG, and erbium (Er):YAG laser sources, in different operative modes, on average temperature of the surface, color, and morphology were inspected with complementary sensors. The results show the necessity to adopt a combined approach in establishing safe laser operating conditions to avoid any undesired effects induced on the artefacts by the laser treatments. We demonstrate, for the first time, the performance of the Ho:YAG laser in the removal of a conservation treatment.
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22

Lippert, Burkard M., and Jochen A. Werner. "Comparison of Carbon Dioxide and Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Lasers in Surgery of the Inferior Turbinate." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 12 (December 1997): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710601207.

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At the Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Kiel, 533 patients with hyperplastic inferior turbinates were treated between 1987 and 1994 with various carbon dioxide (CO2) and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser techniques. We report on the therapeutic results of both types of laser turbinectomy and compare their long-term results with those of submucosal diathermy. Among the different techniques, we preferred the following approaches. The CO2 laser technique involved the application of a few laser spots (laser energy density 6,100 J/cm2 per lesion) to the head of the turbinate under the operating microscope. In the Nd: YAG laser procedure, diffuse, low-power irradiation (laser energy density < 53 kJ/cm2) of the entire concha was performed under endoscopic control. The CO2 laser procedure involved little bleeding and hardly any pain. It produced a positive effect after only a few days and required no follow-up treatment. The success of Nd: YAG laser treatment, by contrast, only became evident after weeks or months, due to the slow scarring process. Compared to submucosal diathermy, both laser methods produced better long-term results. Two years postoperatively, the overall success rate, as defined by patient satisfaction, was 79.6% for the CO2 laser, 68.3% for the Nd: YAG laser, and 36% for submucosal diathermy.
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Ren Xikui, 任席奎, 谢建 Xie Jian, 阮双琛 Ruan Shuangchen, 裴继红 Pei Jihong, 王欣 Wang Xin, 于浩海 Yu Haohai, 张怀金 Zhang Huaijin, et al. "First-Stokes Raman Lasers Based on ZnWO4/Nd∶YAG." Chinese Journal of Lasers 47, no. 6 (2020): 0601003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202047.0601003.

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24

Shibata, K., T. Iwase, H. Sakamoto, M. Kasukawa, K. Chiba, and H. Saeki. "Welding of aluminium tailored blanks by Nd: YAG lasers." Welding International 17, no. 4 (January 2003): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/wint.2003.3088.

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25

Ievlev, Ivan V., Igor' V. Koryukin, Yu S. Lebedeva, and Pavel A. Khandokhin. "Continuous two-wave lasing in microchip Nd : YAG lasers." Quantum Electronics 41, no. 8 (August 31, 2011): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2011v041n08abeh014541.

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26

Banerjee, Amit Jyoti, Manoja Kumar Biswal, A. K. Lohar, H. Chattopadhyay, and Naga Hanumaiah. "Review on experimental study of Nd:YAG laser beam welding, with a focus on aluminium metal matrix composites." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 5, no. 3 (August 26, 2016): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v5i3.5984.

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The demand for high performance materials particularly in aviation and automobile industries gradually increases, CO2 and Nd: YAG lasers are becoming most popular in processing these advanced materials. In this context, one of the most important process is joining by welding. It has been a constant endeavour by researchers to explore various methods and techniques to enhance the process efficiency of autogenous Nd: YAG laser welding of various materials i.e. without any filler materials. In this work, we present a comprehensive review of major research findings for the last decades or so, obtained by researchers about the effect of process parameters on autogenous laser beam welding (LBW) process performance. Main objective of such experimental research was to improve laser weld quality such as tensile strength, weld micro structure, heat affected zone (HAZ), weld penetration etc. In this paper, discussions are also made about different parameter optimisation techniques, design of experiments (DOE), modelling and simulation techniques, adopted by different researchers to achieve optimum weld quality. This review tries to bring out a foresight for direction of further research needed in this field.
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Momma, C., M. Hube, A. T�nnermann, K. Mossavi, and B. Wellegehausen. "Infrared recombination lasers pumped by low energy Nd: YAG and excimer lasers." Applied Physics B Photophysics and Laser Chemistry 54, no. 3 (March 1992): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00325509.

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Dantas, Ruth Venâncio Fernandes, Rachel de Queiroz Ferreira Rodrigues, João Nilton Lopes de Sousa, Raimundo Euzébio da Costa Neto, Ivalter José Ferreira, and Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino. "Uso do Laser de Alta Intensidade como Alternativa à Cirurgia Convencional de Melanoplastia: Uma Revisão Sistemática." ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 11, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v11i2.5341.

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Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências científicas atuais sobre os resultados do laser de alta intensidade em comparação com as técnicas convencionais para correção da hiperpigmentação gengival. Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática seguindo o checklist PRISMA. O protocolo de revisão sistemática foi registrado na base de dados PROSPERO CRD42020173752. Sete bases de dados eletrônicas foram acessadas como fontes primárias de estudo. A "literatura cinzenta" também foi incluída para evitar vieses de seleção e publicação. O risco de viés entre os estudos incluídos foi avaliado com a Ferramenta de Avaliação Crítica do Instituto Joanna Briggs para Revisões Sistemáticas. Resultados: Os lasers utilizados nos estudos foram laser diodo; laser Er, Cr: YSGG; laser Er: YAG e laser de Nd: YAG, sendo o de diodo o mais testados. Quando comparado o laser de diodo com raspagem utilizando bisturi, o uso do laser apresentou pouco ou ausência de sangramento durante o tratamento, menor dor durante e após a cirurgia, dor ausente ou leve no pós-operatório, cicatrização levemente mais demorada e procedimento mais aceito pelo paciente. Na comparação do laser de Nd: YAG e bisturi os resultados foram semelhantes ao laser de diodo. Conclusão: O uso do laser de alta intensidade apresenta resultados clínicos satisfatórios e constitui uma alternativa segura ao tratamento cirúrgico com lâmina de bisturi para despigmentação gengival. No entanto, os resultados precisam ser analisados com cautela, devido ao risco de viés moderado ou alto da maioria dos estudos elegíveis e da heterogeneidade em relação aos protocolos testados.
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Wu, Qi, and Jun Wang. "Development in Laser Polishing of Polycrystalline Diamond Tools." Advanced Materials Research 135 (October 2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.135.1.

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Laser polishing is a surface finishing technology for polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools by removing uneven diamond particles from the diamond film through graphitization, melting and sublimation. While various types of lasers are used for the polishing of PCD tools, pulsed excimer and Nd: YAG lasers are among the most commonly used ones. The current development in laser polishing of PCD tools is reviewed. The reported experimental and modelling studies to improve the process performance are discussed. It reveals that there is a severe dearth of understanding of the process and the associated models for the efficient and effective use of the technology. The direction of future research in laser polishing is finally discussed.
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Al-Tamimi, Haneen M., Ahmed O. Al-Roubaiy, and Nawal Mohammed Dawood. "Improvement of Microstructure and Wear resistance of X12 Tool Steel by Using Laser Surface Re-Melting Technique." Materials Science Forum 1021 (February 2021): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1021.260.

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Nd-YAG lasers have been successfully used in recent years as reliable heat source to surface modification of engineering materials such as laser surface re-melting. In the present study, X12 tool steel was surface modified by using pulse Nd-YAG laser technique. Laser parameters are selected of 12 J pulse energy, 15 Hz frequency, 20 mm defocus length, 6 ms pulse duration, and 5.6 mm /s mm scanning speed. These parameters were chosen after undertaking trials to give suitable parameters in this process. Optical microscopy and backscattered scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS and X-ray diffraction techniques were used to analyse the microstructure changes of the surface of tool steel. Wear resistance test was achieved by using a pin on disk method. The reason for this work is to improve the wear resistance for surface layer of tool steel after changes the morphology of the structure by rapid solidification during laser re-melting. In general, the structure consists of the dendrite and cellular structures with δ ferrite formed under conditions of rapid solidification without the primary coarse carbides. After laser melting, the results of the structure at the surface layers show an increase in wear resistance.
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Mohammed, Muneer Khan, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, and Usama Umer. "Assessment of Direct Laser Writing using Nd YAG Lasers for Microfluidic Applications." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 5, no. 2 (April 2015): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2015040103.

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The rapid growth in the use of Micro/Nano products in variety of industries such as Micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), microelectronics, Biomedical/Bio-MEMS, automotive (motion sensors), telecommunications etc, has demanded new micro manufacturing methods. The challenge with the manufacturing of Microfluidic devices/biochips is that they often make use of broad range of materials within a single chip, making it difficult to manufacture these devices with conventional photolithographic based techniques. Laser processing of materials has proved to be an important tool for the development of these devices because of the accuracy, flexibility and the most important one material independence it offers. This research focus on optimization of laser process parameters for the machining of Microfluidic channels with AISI 1045 steel. Design of experiments (DOE) technique was used in order to study the effect of laser process parameters on rectangular and semicircular cross-section channels.
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Dascalu, T., G. Philipps, and H. Weber. "Investigation of a Cr4+: YAG passive Q-switch in CW pumped Nd: YAG lasers." Optics & Laser Technology 29, no. 3 (April 1997): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-3992(96)00064-3.

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Buryy, O. A., S. B. Ubiszkii, S. S. Melnyk, and A. O. Matkovskii. "The Q-switched Nd : YAG and Yb : YAG microchip lasers optimization and comparative analysis." Applied Physics B 78, no. 3-4 (February 2004): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00340-003-1367-4.

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İşman, Eren, Rıdvan Okşayan, Oral Sökücü, and Serdar Üşümez. "Temperature Changes of Pulp Chamber duringIn VitroLaser Welding of Orthodontic Attachments." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/589461.

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The use of lasers has been suggested for orthodontists to fabricate or repair orthodontic appliances by welding metals directly in the mouth. This work aimed to evaluate the temperature changes in the pulp chamber during welding of an orthodontic wire to an orthodontic molar band using Nd : YAG laserin vitro. A freshly extracted human third molar with eliminated pulpal tissues was used. J-type thermocouple wire was positioned in the pulp chamber. A conductor gel was used in the transferring of outside temperature changes to the thermocouple wire. An orthodontic band was applied to the molar tooth and bonded using light cured orthodontic cement. Twenty five mm length of 0.6 mm diameter orthodontic stainless steel wires was welded to the orthodontic band using Nd : YAG laser operated at 9.4 watt. Temperature variation was determined as the change from baseline temperature to the highest temperature was recorded during welding. The recorded temperature changes were between 1.8 and 6.8°C (mean: 3.3 ± 1.1°C). The reported critical 5.5°C level was exceeded in only one sample. The results of this study suggest that intraoral use of lasers holds great potential for the future of orthodontics and does not present a thermal risk. Further studies with larger samples and structural analysis are required.
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Takkar, D., K. K. Roy, A. Kriplani, M. Chaudhari, and T. S. Jayalaxmi. "Laparoscopic assited vaginal hysterectomy with application of ND: yag lasers." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 70 (2000): E26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(00)82417-0.

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36

DeRowe, Ari, Roy Landsberg, Yaron Leonov, Abraham Katzir, and Dov Ophir. "Subjective Comparison of Nd:YAG, Diode, and CO2 Lasers for Endoscopically Guided Inferior Turbinate Reduction Surgery." American Journal of Rhinology 12, no. 3 (May 1998): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065898781390145.

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Lasers using different wavelengths and delivery systems have been used to reduce the inferior turbinate mass when hypertrophic inferior turbinates obstruct the nasal airway. Different laser systems produce different laser-tissue interactions. This study presents a comparison between three laser systems: CO2, Nd:YAG, and Diode lasers for inferior turbinate reduction surgery, all performed under endoscopic control. A total of 46 patients were randomized into three treatment groups and followed for more than 1 year. Subjective and objective data were collected. Subjective impressions of improved nasal airway was achieved in 41% (Diode), 47% (Nd: YAG) and 57% (CO2) and was not statistically significant. There was more postoperative bleeding in the CO2 laser group, with 3 patients requiring tamponade. The CO2 laser procedure also took longer to perform. These results failed to show a significant difference between the different lasers for inferior turbinate reduction. Overall, the results were not impressive.
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Hamoudi, Walid K., Qusay K. Alhashimi, Muna B. Mustafa, Noor R. Abdulhameed, and Hiba H. maqdasi. "Pre-calculated relevant Nd: YAG laser parameters for optimized varicose veins treatment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2114, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2114/1/012053.

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Abstract Full clearance of enlarged veins, without side effects, had always been the ultimate dream of patients. Varicose veins’ treatment protocols were not very decisive and mostly associated with some side effects. The aim of this work is to demystify the exact dose of laser parameters; namely fluence and pulse duration, to successfully treat enlarged blood vessels in face, legs and arms without side effects. This necessitated the calculation of exact temperature rise of the targeted tissue before laser irradiation. The pre-calculated laser parameters required, for successful treatment, without side effects were tested to achieve optimum clinical results; using 1064nm pulsed Nd: YAG lasers for all skin photo types. For this work, two values of spot size (5mm and 3mm), variable pulse duration (15-30 ms), variable fluences (110-190 J/cm2) and variable skin cooling temperature (3-18 °C) were used. Pre and post-cooling were found necessary to ensure positive results and minimal discomfort.
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38

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Study The effect of central ion to the dithene complexes on spectral shifting of saturable absorber band." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2011): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.465-472.

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In this work dithine complexes prepared from dithiol benzil ligand and central ion to the Ni,Pd,Pt, element the ligand and complexes have been investigated using FTIR spectrophotometer and uv-vis-NIR spectral reigns show higher intensity represents the ?-?* transition in the chromopher cycle .These absorption which appear in visible and near IR spectral regions ,According to the complexes of one group ,the spectral shifting due to the change of central ion has been found to be related to atomic number of central ion .This shifting is increased while decreasing the central ion atom number These complexes have been implemented in Nd+2:YAG cavity because each posses resonant absorption band near Nd+2:YAG, Nd+2:Glass emitting at (1060nm). pulse duration measured to complexes dissolved in dioxin(2*10-3M) is very short compared with free running pulse duration ,therefore the complexes work as Q-switch to the NIR lasers.
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Sandu, O., G. Salamu, N. Pavel, T. Dascalu, D. Chuchumishev, A. Gaydardzhiev, and I. Buchvarov. "High-peak power, passively Q-switched, composite, all-polycrystalline ceramic Nd : YAG/Cr4+:YAG lasers." Quantum Electronics 42, no. 3 (March 31, 2012): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2012v042n03abeh014745.

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40

Keckstein, J., A. Wolf, and R. Kirchmayr. "Die Anwendung des ND-YAG-Lasers im Rahmen der operativen Pelviskopie." Gynäkologisch-geburtshilfliche Rundschau 27, no. 2 (1987): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000270439.

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41

Sisti, Karin Ellen, Idelmo Rangel Garcia JR., Antonio Carlos Guastaldi, Andréia C. M. B. Antoniolli, Rafael De Rossi, and Álvaro de L. Brochado Neto. "Analyse titanium surface irradiated with laser, with and without deposited of durapatite." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 21, suppl 4 (2006): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502006001000013.

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PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyse the surface of titanium implants using disc irradiated with lasers. METHODS: Titanium discs were irradiated with laser high insensitive (Nd-YAG), deposited durapatite and used thermal treatment. Sample received qualitative morphological analyse trough micrographics with many size in SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). RESULTS: Surface laser irradiation shows roughness and isomorphic characteristic. The durapatite amplified the titanium surface area by method biomimetic. CONCLUSION: The surface treatment presented more deposition of durapatite, roughness on the surface, better isomorphic characteristic and increase quantitative in titanium surface area, samples shows rugous, roughness and homogeneity there is not found in the implants available at the market.
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42

Jiang, Man, Zhao Yu Ren, Yu Ping Zhang, Bao Le Lu, Ren Jian Zhang, Jia Xi Guo, Yi Xuan Zhou, and Jin Tao Bai. "Passive Q-Switching with Graphene Saturable Absorber in Nd:YAG Operating at 1064nm." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 700–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.700.

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A graphene-PVA film is fabricated by using polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), which provides excellent mechanical property and easy operation. Based on the numerous advantages of graphene in optical and mechanical characteristics,Graphene was used as absorber with passively Q-switched Nd:YAG solid laser in our experiment. Furthermore, there are no changes in the structure and characteristics of graphene. Inserting our graphene-PVA SA mirror to the Nd: YAG laser, we ultimately get that the single pulse energy is about 7.68μJ, and that the shortest pulse width is about 640ns. The experiment results prove that our graphene-PVA SA mirror is feasible and suitable for Q-switched lasers.
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43

Alhallak, Kamal, Adel Abdulhafid, Salem Tomi, and Dima Omran. "Pigmentation and Scaring Management after Hypodermoclysis, a Case Report." Cosmetics 9, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9010010.

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Hypodermoclysis is the continuous subcutaneous infusion of a parenteral solution into dermal tissue, which is typically associated with skin lesions and cosmetic issues in the majority of patients. Scarring and pigmentation are two of the potential skin lesions after hypodermoclysis. The way skin diseases and cosmetic issues are treated has altered dramatically as a result of laser technology. This is the first article to our knowledge that describes the treatment of pigmentation and scarring produced by Hypodermoclysis cutaneous damage by using laser treatment. It was vital to select the appropriate endpoint, technology, and configuration parameters. The lesion was completely resolved after five months of treatment with four laser sessions. The first session used a fractional Er-Yag laser to perform cold ablation. The remaining sessions used 1064 and 585 nm Nd-Yag Q-switch lasers to operate in the nanosecond region. To minimize the danger of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), the treated region was prepped between laser treatments with 4% hydroquinone (HQ) cream. Our protocol may reduce scars and pigmentation while minimizing adverse effects and downtime.
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44

Dai, Q., Y. Geng, Y. J. Liu, and Y. Q. Li. "Single LD Pumped Nd: YAG Intra-Cavity Frequency Doubling Blue Pulse Lasers." Advanced Materials Research 529 (June 2012): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.529.159.

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To design and achieve a 473nm Q-switched blue laser, with single LD side-pumping structure, this dissertation firstly made 946nm operation of quasi-three-level system possible. After inserting the frequency doubling crystal-LBO and the passively Q-switched crystal-Cr: YAG into the laser cavity, the 473nm blue laser output was obtained at high repetition. When pumped currency reaches 4A, laser pulses of 25ns are generated with average power of 0.11w, repetition rate of 8.3 KHz which satisfies many applications’ requirements.
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45

Lee, Woan-Ruoh, Chien-Yu Hsiao, Zi-Yu Chang, Pei-Wen Wang, Ibrahim A. Aljuffali, Jie-Yu Lin, and Jia-You Fang. "Cutaneous Delivery of Cosmeceutical Peptides Enhanced by Picosecond- and Nanosecond-Domain Nd:YAG Lasers with Quick Recovery of the Skin Barrier Function: Comparison with Microsecond-Domain Ablative Lasers." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (February 19, 2022): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020450.

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Picosecond or nanosecond-domain non-ablative lasers generate faster photothermal effects and cause less injury than microsecond lasers. In this study, we investigated the enhancing effect of 1064 nm picosecond- and nanosecond-domain neodymium (Nd):yttrium–aluminum–garnet (YAG) lasers on the cutaneous delivery of cosmeceutical peptides. Microsecond-domain fractional ablative CO2 and fully ablative erbium (Er):YAG lasers were also used for comparison. In the Franz diffusion cell study, pig or mouse skin was treated with a laser before exposure to palmitoyl tripeptide (PT)-1, PT-38, and copper tripeptide (CT)-1 at a concentration of 150 μM. Psoriasiform, atopic dermatitis (AD)-like, and photoaged skins were also developed as permeation barriers. The non-ablative laser elicited the ultrastructural disruption of the stratum corneum and epidermal vacuolation. All laser modalities significantly increased the skin permeation of peptides in vitro. The non-ablative laser chiefly enhanced peptide delivery to the receptor compartment, whereas the ablative laser mainly increased the intracutaneous peptide deposition. The picosecond- and nanosecond-domain Nd:YAG lasers elevated the amount of PT-1 in the receptor up to 40- and 22-fold compared with untreated skin, respectively. Laser treatment promoted peptide delivery in barrier-deficient and inflamed skins, although this enhancement effect was less than that observed in healthy skin. Fluorescence microscopy indicated the capability of the non-ablative laser to deliver peptides to deeper skin strata. The ablative laser confined the peptide distribution in the epidermis. Confocal microscopy showed that peptides penetrated the skin along the microdots created by the fractional Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers. The skin barrier function determined by transepidermal water loss suggested quick recovery when using a nanosecond-domain laser (within 4 h). A longer period was needed for the skin treated with the fully ablative Er:YAG laser (76−84 h). Nanosecond non-ablative laser-facilitated peptide delivery may become an efficient and safe approach for cosmeceutical applications.
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46

Firoozeh, Karimi Moghadam. "Study of End Surfaces’ Deformation and Thermal Stress in Solid State Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 4140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.4140.

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High power solid state lasers have wide applications; they have extensively attracted many attentions. When laser pumped, a lot of heat produces in it causes thermal effects such as stresses end effect and variations of refraction index. In this paper, we analytically study the thermal effects in an Nd: YAG solid state laser crystal which is pumped in longitude with a second order Gaussian (super Gaussian) profile. In this survey we neglect z derivatives of temperature distribution and also consider a statement in which thermal condition of cooler system is much more than thermal condition of laser crystal. Then we apply proper boundary conditions to probe thermal distribution function and related thermal effects. It will be shown that use of second order Gaussian profile for output beam of diode lasers is a better approximation for calculating the thermal distribution and estimating the thermal lensing than the Gaussian profile.
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47

Bogdanovich, M. V., V. N. Dudikov, K. V. Lepchenkov, V. A. Loiko, Yu M. Popov, A. G. Ryabtsev, G. I. Ryabtsev, P. V. Shpak, and M. A. Shchemelev. "Specific features of radiation flux formation in diode-pumped lasers and amplifiers with active elements made of Nd : YAG ceramics." Quantum Electronics 52, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qel18041.

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Abstract The spatial, temporal, and spectral characteristics of the output radiation of diode-pumped laser systems and optical amplifiers with active elements made of Nd : YAG ceramics are studied. It is shown that the divergence of radiation in the subthreshold regime has the form of concentric nested cones emerging from the active element (AE) faces at angles of 2 – 4°. A model explaining the experimentally observed phenomenon is proposed based on the mechanism of scattering of the generated beam from the granular structure of the optical ceramics. Analysis of the divergence pattern makes it possible to estimate the grain size and the optical quality of ceramics. The output beam divergence in the lasing regime is determined mainly by the cavity parameters and does not exceed several milliradians. The scattering events in this case serve as sources of additional optical losses. Luminescence enhancement and parasitic oscillations in the AE volume restrict the possibility of using Nd : YAG ceramics for fabricating AEs of high-power optical amplifiers.
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48

Payziyev, Sh, A. Sherniyozov, S. Bakhramov, Kh Zikrillayev, G. Khalikov, Kh Makhmudov, M. Ismailov, and D. Payziyeva. "Luminescence sensitization properties of Ce: Nd: YAG materials for solar pumped lasers." Optics Communications 499 (November 2021): 127283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127283.

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49

Wu Zhenhai, 吴振海, 徐浏 Xu Liu, 王君涛 Wang Juntao, 汪丹 Wang Dan, 周唐建 Zhou Tangjian, and 胡浩 Hu Hao. "Depolarization Feature and Polarization Control in End-Pumped Nd∶YAG Slab Lasers." Acta Optica Sinica 37, no. 1 (2017): 0114001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201737.0114001.

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Wang Juntao, 王君涛, 童立新 Tong Lixin, 徐浏 Xu Liu, 吴振海 Wu Zhenhai, 李密 Li Mi, 陈小明 Chen Xiaoming, 陈月健 Chen Yuejian, et al. "5 kW End-Pumped Nd∶YAG Slab Lasers and Beam Quality Improvement." Chinese Journal of Lasers 45, no. 1 (2018): 0101003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201845.0101003.

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