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Journal articles on the topic "Nd-YAG lasers Effect of noise on":
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Kibria, G., B. Doloi, and B. Bhattacharyya. "Parametric Study and Optimization of Nd: YAG Laser Micro-Turning Process of Different Grade of Alumina Ceramics Based on Taguchi Methodology." International Journal of Surface Engineering and Interdisciplinary Materials Science 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 15–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijseims.2014010102.
The present paper addresses an investigation on the effect of process parameters during Nd:YAG laser micro-turning operation of different grade of alumina (Al2O3) ceramic materials. Considering different levels of various process parameters i.e. laser beam average power, pulse frequency, workpiece rotational speed and Y feed rate, Taguchi method based experimental design has been used to construct the set of experiments. The same set of experiments has been utilized to machine 10 mm diameter cylindrical workpiece made of different grades of Alumina ceramics i.e. K60 and K80. Surface roughness (Ra) and micro-turning depth deviation were considered as the process characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed for each grade of alumina ceramic to find out the significant process parameters during laser micro-turning process. The optimum process parameters settings for individual responses were obtained by analyzing the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio. Mathematical models, which correlate the response and process variables, have been developed for all the grades of ceramics. Multi-objective optimization i.e. simultaneous minimization of surface roughness (Ra) and micro-turning depth deviation has been done through combined approach of Taguchi methodology and Grey Relational Analysis.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Study The effect of central ion to the dithene complexes on spectral shifting of saturable absorber band." Baghdad Science Journal 8, no. 2 (June 12, 2011): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.8.2.465-472.
In this work dithine complexes prepared from dithiol benzil ligand and central ion to the Ni,Pd,Pt, element the ligand and complexes have been investigated using FTIR spectrophotometer and uv-vis-NIR spectral reigns show higher intensity represents the ?-?* transition in the chromopher cycle .These absorption which appear in visible and near IR spectral regions ,According to the complexes of one group ,the spectral shifting due to the change of central ion has been found to be related to atomic number of central ion .This shifting is increased while decreasing the central ion atom number These complexes have been implemented in Nd+2:YAG cavity because each posses resonant absorption band near Nd+2:YAG, Nd+2:Glass emitting at (1060nm). pulse duration measured to complexes dissolved in dioxin(2*10-3M) is very short compared with free running pulse duration ,therefore the complexes work as Q-switch to the NIR lasers.
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Gueorgieva, Tzvetelina G., and Raina T. Gergova. "INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ND: YAG - LASER AND STANDARD ENDODONTIC TREATMENT." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 27, no. 2 (May 24, 2021): 3736–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2021272.3736.
Introduction: The microbial infection is one of the main causes of the dental pulp and periodontal diseases. Previously used methods for its elimination are not fully effective, and often some microorganisms in root canals (RC) remain unaffected after treatment. Another modern method for disinfection of root canal system is laser disinfection. Different types of lasers are used - Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, Diode laser. Purpose: The purpose of our study is to compare the antibacterial activity of ND: YAG laser and conventional endodontic therapy in the treatment of infected root canals. Materials and methods The study involved 36 teeth of patients diagnosed with pulp gangrene or chronic periapical periodontitis, requiring endodontic treatment. They were divided into two groups of 18 teeth each one. The teeth in both groups are prepared by Protaper Universal rotary instruments (Maillefer Instruments SA, Ballaigues, Switzerland). In group 1the root canals disinfection is performed with a Nd: YAG laser (source of Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm) is the AT Fidelis - Fotona d.d., Ljubljana laser system). In group 2 was used the following protocol of root canal disinfection: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution and 17% EDTA divided by irrigation with distilled water. Then a sterile paper point is placed in the root canals, and a microbiological sample is taken again. Results: In all compared pairs, there was no significantly different effect regarding the number of microorganisms. Conclusions: The disinfection rinsing method with NaOCl has the strongest antimicrobial effect in clinical studies (90% against all microbial isolates). The use of Nd: YAG laser independently is not always sufficient for root canal disinfection - the effect is about 66%.
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Dagenais, D. M., K. P. Koo, and A. Dandridge. "Demonstration of low-frequency intensity noise reduction for fiber sensors powered by diode-pumped Nd-YAG lasers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 4, no. 5 (May 1992): 519–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.136507.
Mohammed, Muneer Khan, Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari, and Usama Umer. "Assessment of Direct Laser Writing using Nd YAG Lasers for Microfluidic Applications." International Journal of Manufacturing, Materials, and Mechanical Engineering 5, no. 2 (April 2015): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmmme.2015040103.
The rapid growth in the use of Micro/Nano products in variety of industries such as Micro electromechanical systems (MEMS), microelectronics, Biomedical/Bio-MEMS, automotive (motion sensors), telecommunications etc, has demanded new micro manufacturing methods. The challenge with the manufacturing of Microfluidic devices/biochips is that they often make use of broad range of materials within a single chip, making it difficult to manufacture these devices with conventional photolithographic based techniques. Laser processing of materials has proved to be an important tool for the development of these devices because of the accuracy, flexibility and the most important one material independence it offers. This research focus on optimization of laser process parameters for the machining of Microfluidic channels with AISI 1045 steel. Design of experiments (DOE) technique was used in order to study the effect of laser process parameters on rectangular and semicircular cross-section channels.
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Lippert, Burkard M., and Jochen A. Werner. "Comparison of Carbon Dioxide and Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Lasers in Surgery of the Inferior Turbinate." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 12 (December 1997): 1036–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710601207.
At the Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Kiel, 533 patients with hyperplastic inferior turbinates were treated between 1987 and 1994 with various carbon dioxide (CO2) and neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser techniques. We report on the therapeutic results of both types of laser turbinectomy and compare their long-term results with those of submucosal diathermy. Among the different techniques, we preferred the following approaches. The CO2 laser technique involved the application of a few laser spots (laser energy density 6,100 J/cm2 per lesion) to the head of the turbinate under the operating microscope. In the Nd: YAG laser procedure, diffuse, low-power irradiation (laser energy density < 53 kJ/cm2) of the entire concha was performed under endoscopic control. The CO2 laser procedure involved little bleeding and hardly any pain. It produced a positive effect after only a few days and required no follow-up treatment. The success of Nd: YAG laser treatment, by contrast, only became evident after weeks or months, due to the slow scarring process. Compared to submucosal diathermy, both laser methods produced better long-term results. Two years postoperatively, the overall success rate, as defined by patient satisfaction, was 79.6% for the CO2 laser, 68.3% for the Nd: YAG laser, and 36% for submucosal diathermy.
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A.alkarem A.albaqi1, Marwan, Awatef Saber Jasem1, and Adnan Fathel A.azawai2. "The Influence of molecular Effects on Laser Nd:YAG and Diode on Trichophyton Rubrum fungi using RAPD marker." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 24, no. 6 (November 3, 2019): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v24i6.896.
This study was carried out to assess the morphological and molecular effects of the Nd: yag and Diode (semiconductor) lasers on Trichophyton rubrum Fungi using RAPD marke . Sixty samples of skin patches, nail clippings and parts of hair were collected from infected patients of both sexes (34 males and 26 females) for the age group (1-60) year of patients who have attended to Tikrit Teaching Hospital. The T.rubrum fungi was the most common among the skin fungi, T.rubrum radiated by using two lasers: the Nd: yag laser with a wavelength (530) nm and energy (300, 500, 700) mJ and for two times exposing 20 and 30 seconds by six coefficients and control sample, the low-density diode (5 mW) for 3 times 10, 20 and 30 seconds on distance 20 cm with three treatments and a control sample. DNA was extracted from the fungus after direct exposure and after leaving it to grow for a whole generation and then was used to complete RAPD reactions using five primers. The RAPD marker gave excellent results with all primers, It was noted that the exposure of T. rubrum to the Nd: yag and Diode lasers with different cards and times had different effects on DNA and caused significant changes in the RAPD patterns compared with the control group, new bands appear and others disappear. The energy affecting the fungus T.rubrum for the first laser Nd: yag is 500 mj at time 30 sec while the power of the laser Diode was 5 mw at time 20 sec. The results suggested that the diode laser is highly effective and has a great effect on the genetic material of fungi compared with the effect of the first laser. The conclusion that the use of laser can affect DNA of skin fungi and may lead to mutations which means that it can be used in the treatment of skin fungal infections and the RAPD was effective in detecting the effect of laser at the molecular level as a simple, and inexpensive.
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.117
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Park, Chan, and Sang Wook Rhee. "The effect of combined application of argon and Nd-YAG lasers on iridectomy in rabbits." Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 3, no. 2 (1989): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.1989.3.2.47.
Al-doori1, Aidah Abd, Awatef Saber Jasem1, and Adnan F. AL-Azzawie2. "Effects of Nd:Yag Laser on some virulence factor genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 25, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/j.v25i2.962.
The aim of this study was to assess effects of the 532nm Nd-yag laser on the genes of Tox A, Exo S, and Opr L, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacteria isolated from clinical (wounds, burns, otitis media) and environmental (water, soil) samples. Clinical samples were collected from patients coming to Saladdin General Hospital from wound, burns and middle ear infections while environmental samples were extracted from water and soil for Saladdin General Hospital . Bacterial samples irradiated by Nd-Yag laser with wavelength of 532 nm using energies (300mj,500mj) with (15 and 25 sec) and genomic DNA were extracted from all samples after the diagnosis of P. aeruginosa bacteria depending on the macroscopic and biochemical examination, then the PCR technique was performed. The results have shown an impact on P. aeruginosa bacteria of Nd-Yag laser by comparing PCR results of treated samples with control (unexposed) as loss of normal bands. This indicates that the laser had a genetic effect on the P. aeruginosa bacteria. We conclude that the laser induces genetic changes in P. aeruginosa's DNA so that lasers can be used in treatment and sterilization for clinical and environmental . The PCR technique could be used as a biomarker study to determine the biological effects of radiation on bacteria.
http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.25.2020.034
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Yaniv, Eitan, Tuvia Hadar, Jacob Shvero, Rami Tamir, and Ben Nageris. "KTP/532 YAG Laser Treatment for Allergic Rhinitis." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 23, no. 5 (September 2009): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2009.23.3346.
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the KTP/532 YAG laser to reduce nasal congestion and discharge in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods Forty-eight patients with symptoms of allergic rhinitis were treated with the KTP/532 laser. All had positive skin tests for common allergens. Treatments were provided on an ambulatory basis in one to three sessions under local anesthesia with lidocaine nose spray. Outcome was determined by daily symptom reports and regular endoscopy examination and interviews for 12 months. Results Treatment was very well tolerated. There were no major side effects. At examination after 1 year, nasal obstruction was improved in 69% and nasal discharge in 40% of cases. Conclusion The KTP/532 YAG laser is effective for the treatment of nasal obstruction and discharge. Comparison with other techniques showed it to be the most effective in reducing nasal discharge. It can be done as an office procedure and does not damage the nasal mucous membrane. The KTP/532 YAG laser is effective as an additional treatment for patients refractory to medication.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nd-YAG lasers Effect of noise on":
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Hill, Timothy J. "Interference of intensity noise in a multimode Nd:YAG laser." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh6484.pdf.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-163). Investigates the behaviour of the intensity noise in a multimode Nd:YAG laser. The collective modes of oscillation are excited by broadband ambient noise. Because the phase of the excitation is unknown, a cross spectral technique to measure the antiphase dynamics directly and form a picture of the intensity noise interference for two to five mode operation is developed. For three mode operation, the contributions of the longitudinal modes to collective modes is measured.
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Zhang, Tao. "Laser surface hardening of AISI 1518 alloy steel." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/723.
The laser surface hardening process will enhance the hardness profile of automotive components and ensure better process control and predictability of quality as compared to the conventional hardening processes. A 2KW Nd-YAG laser system was used to harden the surface of alloy steel with various process parameters (laser power, focal spot diameter and beam velocity). The results (microhardness, microstructure change and residual stress distribution) were measured and analyzed with Vickers microhardness tester, optical/electron microscope and hole-drilling residual stress equipment. Statistical analyses of the experimental data were used for explaining the relationships between process parameters, microhardness and microstructure. General thermal hardening was applied in the research to show the influence of heating temperature and cooling method on microstructure and mechanical properties. Also, the results were compared with laser surface hardening process from microhardness, microstructure and residual stress to show the advantage of laser surface hardening. Through analysis of the results of the laser surface hardening experiments, a suitable laser power density and interaction time for optimum hardening was obtained. The presented laser surface hardening process can also be applied to other alloy steel surface hardening process.
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Stamatescu, Laurentiu. "Antiphase dynamics in solid state lasers with Fabry-Perot cavity / by Laurentiu Stamatescu." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22000.
Bibliography: leaves 154-156. 156 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. This thesis describes the construction of a low-power end pumped Nd:YAG laser and the subsequent theoretical and experimental investigation of the antiphase dynamics exhibited by the laser. The end pumped laser was modelled by extending the classical model of Tang Statz deMars to non-uniform pump along the active medium. The anomalous threshold behaviour of the laser, where modes with lower gain can supass modes with higher gain as the pump power increases, was accounted for. The antiphase dynamics were explored by modulating the pump power and measuring the transfer functions from this input to various outputs. The laser's response to various sources of noise was also studied. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Chemistry and Physics, Discipline of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 2003?
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Ho, Chia Yin, and 何佳音. "Effect of CO2 and Nd-YAG lasers irradiation on the electrical impedance of dentine." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10647243164672394833.
Book chapters on the topic "Nd-YAG lasers Effect of noise on":
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Ohshiro, Toshio. "A Comparative Study of the Wavelength Dependent Effect of the Argon, Nd: YAG and CO2 Lasers in ddY Mouse Skin." In LASER Optoelectronics in Medicine, 550–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72870-9_140.
Conference papers on the topic "Nd-YAG lasers Effect of noise on":
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Nowicki, Natalie L. "Effects of Density on Mixing of Low Reynolds Number Vertical Jets." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-16353.
Laser sheet smoke visualization experiments were performed on vertical air/helium jets to quantify the effects of low density driven bursts on the jet structure and entrainment. The parameters of relative jet density, S, and jet exit Reynolds number, Re, are of most importance in determining the bursting. Previous research has shown that vertical jets of S ≤ 0.5, in a range of Rej = 1300 – 2500, display strong side ejections due to the baroclinic instability in the strained vorticity sheet between the primary torroidal vortices. The objective of this work was to determine if this phenomenon resulted in a significant increase in the mixing and jet entrainment compared to standard jets. The present study demonstrated that the strong and clearly visible burst phenomenon had a very minor impact on the time averaged spreading and mixing in the shear layer surrounding the potential core. Experiments were performed using laser sheet illumination with a YAG pulse laser and cylindrical lens with oil smoke droplet seeding. The images were acquired using a 12 bit CCD camera with a 1024 × 1280 pixel array. All images were acquired at a low enough frequency to ensure their statistical independence. The laser sheet was estimated to be 0.5 mm thick with a pulse duration of 6 ns. Planar instantaneous images both coplanar and normal to the jet centerline were obtained. The jet emerged into room air from an 11 mm diameter bicubic nozzle with a contraction ratio of 5.5. Mixed flows of air and helium were fed into a settling chamber and then passed through a flow straightening honeycomb upstream of the jet. Flow rates and Reynolds numbers were controlled using choked flow nozzles that fed the settling chamber. Oil droplet smoke was added to the air flow with an adiabatic venturi-jet oil atomizer. In the instantaneous images of the jets, the bursts were clearly visible in individual frames and qualitatively appeared to play a significant role in the downstream mixing of the jet. However, quantitative analysis of time averages of many sequential images revealed that the bursts are much less significant to the mixing and entrainment of the jet than they appear. Longitudinal images were acquired in sets of 100 or 200 and used to obtain averaged images of the plume from the source out to approximately 10 jet diameters. The pixel noise floor was subtracted from the mean images. These mean images were interpreted as an analogue for scalar concentration, and thus used to quantitatively estimate the plume spread. From these mean images, concentration profiles were obtained and plotted. The bursting phenomenon was shown to be insignificant on an engineering scale after analyzing the mean images. In fact, the mass in the region where the bursts occurred was only visible when a function which showed very small gradient differences was applied to the images. While the baroclinic instability bursting is interesting from a scientific point of view, it has been shown through the quantitative analysis of the means of instantaneous images that there is only a slight effect on the overall jet entrainment compared with regular jets.
