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1

Andersson, Martin, and Martin Svensson. "Nd YAG laser welding in Titanium-6242." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-764.

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2

Rodriguez-Pena, Luis. "Assemblage aluminium : Acier par faisceau laser Nd : YAG." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lrodriguezpena.pdf.

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Les réductions de consommation de carburant imposées par les nouvelles normes internationales imposent un allégement des véhicules et l'utilisation d'alliages légers pour certaines parties des structures. Se pose alors le problème de l'assemblage de ces parties en aluminium sur celles en acier. Le principal problème rencontré lors de la réalisation de telles soudures par des procédés conventionnels est la formation de composés intermétalliques qui réduisent les performances des assemblages. En revanche, le procédé de soudure par faisceau laser autorise un contrôle optimal des conditions thermiques au sein de la soudure et permet de limiter la formation de ces phases fragiles. Ce travail présente les résultats de l'étude de faisabilité réalisée en utilisant deux fils d'apport différents à savoir le ZnAl-30 et le AlSi-12. L'étude a montré la forte influence du type de configuration utilisée sur la présence d'inermétalliques et les propriétés mécaniques finales de l'assemblage
The reduction of consumption of fuel of internal combustion motors, imposed by the new anti-pollution and energy saving laws may be attained by reducing the weight of vehicles, introducing, for example, aluminium sections into the main steel car-body. Laser brazing is a process which can be used to perform such a junction. The main problem of welding this kind of combination of materials with conventional processes is the potential formation of inter-metallic phases, which reduces the good performance of the joint. Laser brazing allows a very good control of the thermal development of the joint, with a limited precipitation of these brittle phases. This work presents the results of a feasibility study made with ZnAl-30 and AlSi-12 as filler metal. The study shows that the type of configuration used for the assembly has a particular influence on the formation of brittle phases and consequently on the mechanical performance of the joint
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3

Ribau, Humberto Miranda. "Soldadura laser pulsado Nd: YAG entre metais dissimulares." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23358.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
A presente investigação consiste no estudo experimental das propriedades mecânicas induzidas pela soldadura laser em chapas de materiais metálicos dissimilares, nomeadamente, aço de alta resistência dual-phase (DP) 600 com aço de alta resistência dual-phase (DP) 1000 e liga de alumínio AA6060-T6 com liga de titânio Ti-6Al-4V. No caso dos aços dual-phase, o estudo foi realizado em amostras de 0,8 mm de espessura, numa junta do tipo topo a topo. Após a seleção dos parâmetros mais adequados para a soldadura, foram efetuados ensaios de tração aos provetes soldados, com o objetivo de determinar as propriedades mecânicas e avaliar a influência dos parâmetros do laser. Em relação à ligação de alumínio com titânio, esta foi feita numa junta de sobreposição dupla em amostras de 1,9 e 0,9 mm de espessura, respetivamente. Do mesmo modo que os aços, foram também variados os parâmetros do laser, de modo a se obter os mais adequados, para posteriormente se efetuar ensaios de tração. Variou-se também o sítio onde o feixe laser incide na junta de sobreposição para melhor avaliar a soldadura.
The aim of this thesis consists of an experimental study of the mechanical properties induced by the laser welding in dissimilar metal, namely, dual-phase steel 600 with dual-phase steel 1000 and aluminium alloy AA6060-T6 with titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. In the case of the dual-phase steels, the study was carried out on 0,8 mm plates, in a butt joint type. After selecting the most appropriate parameters for the welding, tensile tests were performed on welded specimens with the purpose to find the mechanical properties and evaluate the influence of the laser parameters. The aluminium - titanium union was accomplished on a double-lap joint on 1,9 mm and 0,9 mm plates, respectively. Just like the situation of the steels, the laser parameters were too varied with aim to obtain the most appropriate parameters, to later perform tensile tests. It was also changed the place where the laser beam impacts on the specimen, to better analyse the welding.
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4

Rodriguez-Pena, Luis Langlade Cécile. "Assemblage aluminium Acier par faisceau laser Nd : YAG /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lrodriguezpena.pdf.

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5

Bonati, Guido. "Integration von Diodenlasern in modulare Hochleistungs-Nd: YAG-Laser." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965090531.

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6

Zarour, Hassane. "Lasers et malformations vasculaires superficielles : mise au point : etude preliminaire sur un nouveau type de laser (le laser yag dedouble en frequence)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20819.

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7

Hill, Timothy J. "Interference of intensity noise in a multimode Nd:YAG laser." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh6484.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-163). Investigates the behaviour of the intensity noise in a multimode Nd:YAG laser. The collective modes of oscillation are excited by broadband ambient noise. Because the phase of the excitation is unknown, a cross spectral technique to measure the antiphase dynamics directly and form a picture of the intensity noise interference for two to five mode operation is developed. For three mode operation, the contributions of the longitudinal modes to collective modes is measured.
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8

De, Kock Trevor Neil. "The development and evaluation of a Nd:YAG laser incorporating an unstable resonator." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008566.

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Introduction: For approximately the last eight years the Laser Section of the National Physical Research Laboratory (NPRL) has been interested in inter alia, pulsed solid-state lasers and in particular, Nd:YAG. Investigations of various resonator types were undertaken with a view to the improvement of the laser parameters such as output energy, pulse width, beam quality and sensitivity to mirror misalignment. In 1980 a Nd: YAG laser employing a rotating prism Q-switch was constructed (Preussler (1980)). It involves rotating one of the two cavity reflectors so that they are parallel for only a brief instant in time. Typically the prism must rotate at a speed of 20 000 r.p.m. to ensure a single pulse output. Such lasers suffer from the tendency to emit multiple pulses, they are very noisy and they require frequent maintenance because of the short lifetime of the bearings. A resonator employing conventional curved mirrors and an electro-optical Q-switch was constructed in 1980 (Robertson & Preussler (1982)). In 1981 an electro-optically Q-swi tched laser making use of a crossed Porro-prism resonator was investigated due to its relative insensitivity to misalignment of the reflectors compared with the conventional mirror resonator (Nortier (1981)). Improvements in terms of output power, beam divergence and beam quality can be achieved by making use of a so-called unstable resonator. Such a laser has been investigated and is reported on in this study. Chapter 2 provides some background into laser theory and operation while chapter 3 deals with the theory of the unstable resonator. Chapter 4 provides details of the experimental equipment and techniques used in the work and chapter 5 discusses the evaluation of the project and results obtained.
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9

CHEVALLIER, NATHALIE. "Le traitement des lesions endobronchiques par laser nd-yag : a propos de 153 cas, d'aout 1982 a mai 1987." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31106.

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10

Martial, Igor. "Systèmes laser pompés par diode à fibres cristallines : oscillateurs Er : yAG, amplificateurs Nd : yAG." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00705198.

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Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à deux applications nécessitant des sources laser impulsionnelles : l'imagerie active et l'usinage laser. L'imagerie active nécessite des sources laser efficaces émettant dans la gamme de sécurité oculaire (entre 1,5 µm et 1,7 µm) à des cadence de l'ordre du kilohertz et produisant des énergies par impulsion de plusieurs millijoules. Les sources efficaces émettant dans la gamme de sécurité oculaire utilisent l'ion erbium. Cependant la structure électronique complexe de l'ion erbium entraîne de nombreux effets parasites qui limitent fortement l'énergie accessible lors d'un fonctionnement à haute cadence. Pour diminuer l'influence de ces effets parasites nous avons utilisé le concept de fibres cristallines dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre le Laboratoire Charles Fabry et l'entreprise Fibercryst. La géométrie des fibres cristallines, combinant les propriétés des cristaux massifs et les avantages des fibres en verre nous a permis de dépasser les limites des sources actuelles. L'usinage de matériaux requière des sources laser impulsionnelles émettant dans le proche infrarouge (1 µm) et alliant forte énergie, forte puissance crête et forte puissance moyenne. Pour réaliser de telles sources, il est nécessaire d'utiliser des milieux à gain permettant de limiter les phénomènes thermiques et les effets induit par la puissance crête (effets non-linéaires). Pour cela nous avons utilisé à nouveau le concept de fibre cristalline, dopée cette fois ci par l'ion néodyme. Ces fibres cristallines ont été utilisées comme amplificateur de puissance pour amplifier des micro-lasers fonctionnant à haute cadence (de 1 à 100 kHz) et produisant des impulsions courtes (< 1 ns).
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11

LABALETTE, MARIE-LUCE. "Iridotomie au laser argon et/ou yag : a propos de 103 yeux." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M148.

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12

PEIXOTO, CLARISSA FERREIRA. "SURFACE CLEANING OF HISTORICAL PAPER DOCUMENTS USING ND: YAG LASER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22327@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A conservação e restauração de obras de arte e objetos de interesse histórico se afirma como ciência que agrega várias áreas do conhecimento. O processo de limpeza superficial se impõe como ponto fundamental e crítico em todas as intervenções, pois, tradicionalmente, envolve processos invasivos e de difícil controle. O método de limpeza a laser se coloca como solução viável, e amplamente difundida em intervenções realizadas em mármores e metais. Estudos demonstram a viabilidade na utilização do laser Nd YAG para a limpeza de papel. O suporte a ser tratado é um papel de pasta mecânica, da década de 30, que foi irradiado com feixe de 532nm. Visando a otimização do modo operacional, os parâmetros tempo de exposição, frequência, energia depositada e distância focal foram alterados. A fim de comparação, foi realizado limpeza aquosa para estabelecer a eficiência dos métodos tradicional e à laser. A análise dos resultados foi baseada na avaliação óptica, utilizando o método CIELab, e através da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura MEV.
Conservation and restoration of artworks and objects of historical interest is a science that combines several areas of knowledge. The surface cleaning step is an essential and critical process in every conservation procedure, because it involves traditionally invasive processes that are hard to control. The laser cleaning method is a viable solution, and in widespread interventions in marble and metal. Studies demonstrate the viability of the use Nd YAG laser for cleaning paper. The support to be treated is a paper of mechanical pulp, from the 30s, by 532nm laser beam. The evaluated parameters were the operational mode, the exposure time, the energy deposited and the focal length parameters. Classical wet method was used for comparison, aqueous cleaning was performed to establish the efficiency of traditional methods and laser. The paper surface was characterized by visual inspection, CIELab method and scanning electron microscopy SEM. Some conditions did clean the surface with minor damage.
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13

Mondin, Linda. "Stabilisation de fréquence de laser Nd-YAG pour applications spatiales." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4046.

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Les lasers stabilisés à long terme sont utilisés dans de nombreux domaines en métrologie et constituent la base de toute la recherche expérimentale en spectroscopie à très haute résolution. Ce mémoire décrit mon travail de thèse sur les lasers à Nd:YAG stabilisés en vue d'applications spatiales (missions de physique fondamentale ou géodésie). Les montages doivent satisfaire critères de compacité, stabilité mécanique, robustesse et fiabilité. On traite les références utilisables pour le long (moléculaire) et le court (mécanique) terme ainsi que leurs limitations principales. L'analyse et le choix de ces références de stabilisation seront couplés avec le choix des techniques de stabilisation (PDH, Tilt-Locking, Modulation Transfer). Dans les techniques de stabilisation, celle de Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) est devenue un classique car elle donne les meilleurs performances connues à ce jour surtout à court terme. Pour réduire le nombre de composants actifs, nous avons aussi implanté une technique dite de Tilt-Locking, que je compare avec celle de PDH dans le cas d'une référence Fabry-Perot monolithique. Les performances théoriques sur le long terme et les efficacités quantiques sont inter-comparées. On présente les montages expérimentaux et les résultats obtenus (lasers stabilisés sur Fabry-Perot et Iode moléculaire). On a calibrer les dérives de fréquence du Fabry-Perot, ce qui permettra de présenter des solutions obtenues analytiquement et numériquement pour l'asservissement en longueur de cette référence mécanique. Des suggestions de prolongation de ces travaux sont suggérés en conclusion et, en appendices, les détails de dimensionnement des bruits de LISA, le rappel théorique des ondes de gravitation, ainsi que divers simulations de calculs effectués, sont présentées
Long term stabilised lasers are used in a multitude of metrological applications and are the basis of experimental research in very high resolution spectroscopy. This document describes my thesis work on stabilised Nd:YAG lasers in view of space applications (for fundamental physics experiments and geodesy). All experiments must satisfy criteria of compactness, mechanical stability, robustness and reliability. I will describe the possible references for the long (molecules) and the short (resonators) term time intervals with their principal limitations. The discussion leading to their choice is actually connected to the stabilisation techniques to be adequately implemented (PDH, Tilt-Locking, Modulation transfer). Among the stabilisation techniques, the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique is now a classic as it produces the best performance in short term, so far. To reduce active components, we have also implemented a DC technique called Tilt-Locking and I will compare with PDH in the case of a monolithic Fabry-Perot reference. Theoretical performances on the long term and quantum efficiencies will be compared for different techniques. The schematic principles of the experiences and the results I have obtained for stabilised lasers on Fabry-Perot and molecular iodine are presented. We calibrated the Fabry-Perot drifts, this allows me to point out analytical and numerical solutions to control the length of this mechanical reference. Finally suggestions for further work will be approached and, in the appendices, details about noise order of magnitudes for LISA, a theoretical overview of gravitational waves as well as different simulations and calculations are presented
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14

Faria, Irval Cardoso de. "Geração de pulsos laser ultracurtos por auto injeção no laser de Nd : YAG." [s.n.], 1986. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277323.

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Orientadores: Antonio G. J. Balbin Villaverde, Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Não informado
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Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
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15

DAMON, HENRI. "Traitement palliatif par le laser nd-yag des cancers du rectosigmoide." Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET6405.

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16

Delen, Xavier. "Amplificateurs laser à cristaux massifs pompés par diode : fibres cristallines Yb : YAG et cristaux Nd : YVO4." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00996931.

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Un grand nombre d'applications réclament des sources laser en régime impulsionnel toujours plus puissantes et énergétiques. Les progrès continus des technologies laser permettent non seulement d'améliorer les performances de l'outil laser mais aussi d'ouvrir la voie à de nouvelles applications. Cependant, l'augmentation de la puissance des sources laser est aussi accompagnée par une complexification des systèmes. Cette thèse porte sur l'étude d'amplificateurs laser de puissances qui se distinguent par la simplicité de leurs architectures : avec un ou deux passages dans le milieu laser. Dans la première partie, nous étudions le potentiel de la fibre cristalline Yb: YAG pompée par diode en tant qu'amplificateur. Les effets de confinement de l'intensité de pompe au centre de la fibre cristalline par guidage sont étudies théoriquement et expérimentalement. Deux expériences démontrent ensuite l'intérêt de la fibre cristalline Yb:YAG en tant qu'amplificateur de puissance de sources laser à fibres, l'une en régime femtoseconde et l'autre avec un laser mono-fréquence. Par ailleurs, nous explorons le potentiel de notre concept en régime de forte puissance. Une puissance de 250 W en oscillateur et une extraction de 100 W en amplificateur ont été obtenues avec une diode de pompe de 600 W. La deuxième partie traite de l'étude d'amplificateurs à base de cristaux de Nd:YVO4. Le dimensionnement de notre système est réalisé en s'appuyant sur une étude des propriétés du Nd:YVO4. L'amplificateur ainsi obtenu affiche des performances inédites qui se caractérisent par un très fort gain optique (40-60 dB) couplé à une forte extraction de puissance moyenne (10 à 15 W).
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17

Anders, Stephanie. "Spätergebnisse in der Therapie der Besenreiservarikosis Nd-Yag Laser versus Hydroxypolyethoxydodecan." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-51243.

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18

Bonnin, Jean-Philippe, and Alain Mercier. "Etude comparative des brasages des alliages dentaires selon la méthode conventionnelle du chalumeau avec les soudages au laser Yag." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN13401.

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19

Shori, Ramesh K. "A Study of Spiking and Relaxation Oscillations in Nd:YAG Laser Using Measured Laser Parameters." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4641.

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It was shown analytically and experimentally that when the cavity losses are perturbed, the output intensity experiences an amplitude modulation or becomes a regular train of spikes, with the frequency depending on both the frequency of perturbation as well as pump power. Coupled nonlinear rate equations including the cavity perturbation term, are solved numerically by a Runga-Kutta method using experimentally-measured parameter values for Nd: Y AG laser. A continuously pumped Nd: Y AG laser was used to verify this theory.
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20

Ayyalasomayajula, Narasimha Rao. "Nd:YAG mini slab laser hybrid integration and Raman sensor application /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10437.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 170 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164).
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21

VIALET, ALLOMBERT CHRISTINE. "Traitement par laser ndyag de 115 patients porteurs d'un adenome du rectum en dysplasie severe ou foyer de cancer superficiel : resultats a long terme." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M207.

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22

Bécquart, Jean-Philippe. "Le traitement par le laser nd-yag a titre palliatif et curatif de 80 tumeurs recto-coliques." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25380.

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23

Benet, Vincent. "Traitement palliatif endoscopique par laser Nd YAG des cancers de l'oesophage et du cardia : à propos de 91 malades." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M153.

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24

CHEN, GUOSEN. "Synchronisation intermodale d'un laser yag/nd picoseconde par propagation de faisceaux solitons." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0043.

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25

LE, NEVE MARC. "Etude d'un laser nd : yag de forte energie pompe par diodes et declenche par absorbant saturable cr:yag." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10133.

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Nous etudions un laser pompe transversalement par diodes et declenche passivement. L'extraction de fortes energies et la demonstration de rendements eleves sont recherches. Les capacites de differentes matrices dopees neodyme a offrir des rendements d'absorption eleves sont analysees en fonction de leur spectre d'absorption. A cet effet, un code de calcul prealablement qualifie experimentalement, ainsi que les caracterisations effectuees permettent d'acceder a la repartition spatiale de l'energie des diodes dans une section du barreau. Une etude parametree du depot d'energie est effectuee. Nous caracterisons ensuite les absorbants saturables (cr#4#+:yag, colorants bdn) par l'etude de la saturation de l'absorption. La mesure simultanee de la transmission et de l'intensite de fluorescence avec le cr#4#+, nous permet de remettre en cause l'importance de l'absorption dans l'etat excite et de proposer une autre origine a l'absorption residuelle de ces sites aux fortes fluences d'excitation. En declenchement actif, le laser demontre une energie de sortie disponible de 80 mj soit un rendement optique d'environ 10%. Ces resultats sont bien ajustes a l'aide des equations du bilan. Le fonctionnement de ce laser est totalement multimode (longitudinal et transverse). Puis, nous etudions le declenchement passif. Le resonateur plan-concave multimode de base presente un comportement spatio-temporel tres complexe et non reproductible. L'impulsion de sortie comporte plusieurs composantes temporelles distinctes. La repartition d'energie dans le faisceau ne reproduit nullement la carte de depot d'energie. La competition entre les modes transverses est a l'origine de ce comportement. Pour s'en affranchir, il faut tendre vers un oscillateur monomode transverse. Nous y parvenons en definissant des cavites dont le rayon du mode fondamental est eleve. Ainsi, avec une cavite telescopique nous obtenons des impulsions stables temporellement et spatialement, tout en offrant des valeurs de rendement et d'energie interessantes. En declenchement actif et passif, les perspectives d'optimisation du rendement du laser sont egalement quantifiees
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26

Medeiros, Júnior Rui. "Avaliação Clínica de Pacientes Submetidos à Frenectomias Labiais com Laser de Nd:YAG e Cirurgia Convencional." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12609.

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O objetivo do estudo foi comparar resultados clínicos pré, trans e pós-operatórios relacionados às frenectomias labiais realizadas pela técnica convencional e com laser de Nd:YAG. Quarenta pacientes foram distribuídos em 2 grupos: G1 - cirurgia pela técnica convencional (n=22) e G2 – cirurgia com laser de Nd:YAG (n=18). O tipo de inserção do frênulo, sangramento, tempo cirúrgico, necessidade de sutura, medo pré-operatório e desconforto pós-operatório foram avaliados. A maioria dos frênulos (90%) foi classificado como de inserção papilar ou transpapilar e não houve diferença relacionada ao medo pré-operatório entre os grupos (p=0,593). Os pacientes do G2 não necessitaram de sutura (p<0,001) e apresentaram ausência de sangramento trans-operatório na maioria dos casos (p<0,001), acarretando em uma redução do tempo cirúrgico (p<0,001). Este estudo revelou algumas vantagens da terapia realizada com laser de Nd:YAG relacionadas ao ato operatório, entretanto não foi observada uma superioridade nos resultados clínicos pós-operatórios de dor e função oral.
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27

Rotger, Maud. "Contribution à l'étude d'un laser Nd-YAG industriel de puissance : réalisation d'un lambdamètre pour lasers impulsionnels." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS013.

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La première partie de ce mémoire est consacrée à l'étude de nouvelles cavités résonnantes pour des lasers Nd-YAG industriels de puissance. Une cavité instable SFUR en anneau n'a pas donné expérimentalement les résultats escomptés, tant du point de vue de la puissance de sortie que de celui de la qualité du faisceau. Une cavité plane, en anneau symétrique, donne un bon facteur de qualité et ne présente qu'une seule et grande zone de stabilité, allant du fonctionnement tir-a-tir du laser jusqu'a sa puissance nominale. De plus, la position toujours fixe du beam-waist quel que soit le pompage doit éviter aux utilisateurs tout réajustement vertical de leur plan de travail. Cette cavité nous semble sous différents aspects le meilleur choix dans le domaine des cavités stables. La seconde partie, concerne la réalisation d'un lambdamètre performant pour lasers impulsionnels monomodes en vue notamment de mesurer avec précision la longueur d'onde d'un laser nd-yag injecté. Une étude théorique préalable a permis, compte tenu de l'objectif fixe, d'opter pour la réalisation d'un dispositif optique constitue d'interféromètres de Fabry-Pérot plans. Cet appareil, associé à un système d'acquisition en temps réel et à un logiciel de traitement des données en langage C, travaille à une cadence de 10 Hz avec une résolution de 20 mhz
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Pradal, Philippe. "Utilisation du laser néodyme-yag dans la chirurgie conservatrice de la rate." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11061.

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Zerbinati, Lívia Prates Soares. "Avaliação da adaptação marginal após apicectomia e selamento apical com laser Nd: YAG." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/409.

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The new methods and materials used in paraendodontic surgery lead to a higher success rates in dental practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of apicoectomy, retrofilling with MTA and the apical seal with Nd: YAG laser (10Hz, 150mJ, 1. 5 W, 60s). For these propose was used 40 teeth endodontically treated and cut by diamond bur at 90 ° with the long axis of the tooth. Four groups of samples was randomly assigned (n = 10): (A - apicoectomy, B - apicoectomy and Nd:YAG laser, C - MTA retrofilling, D - MTA retrofilling and Nd:YAG laser). The samples were embedded in epoxy resin and cut lengthwise first, then crosswise. SEM analysis showed a more homogeneous surface without apical sealing of dentinal tubules in groups B and D (p <0. 01). Horizontal and transverse marginal gaps were observed between dentin and filling material. The descending order of gap, was the group B (resection and irradiation Nd:YAG laser), followed by group A (apicoectomy), group D (MTA retrofilling irradiation and Nd: YAG laser) and at last group C (retrofilling MTA) (p <0. 01). The EDS analysis indicated a higher rates of phosphorus ions and lower of calcium in the groups treated by Nd:YAG laser. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the positive effect of application of Nd:YAG laser in apical sealing of the dentin surface, despite the dimensional effect that had on its association with the MTA.
As periapicopatias recidivantes são patologias de difícil resolução. Os novos métodos e materiais, aplicados na cirurgia paraendodôntica, têm adicionado índices de sucesso mais altos à prática odontológica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as manobras de apicectomia associadas à retrobturação com MTA e ao selamento apical com laser Nd:YAG (10Hz, 150mJ, 1,5W, 60s). Utilizou-se 40 dentes endodonticamente tratados e apicectomizados com broca diamantada em 90° com o longo eixo do dente. Foram formados, randomicamente, quatro grupos de amostras (n=10): (A – apicectomia, B – apicectomia e irradiação laser Nd:YAG, C – apicectomia+retrobturação com MTA, D – apicectomia+retrobturação com MTA e irradiação laser Nd:YAG). As amostras foram incluídas em resina epóxi e cortadas, primeiramente no sentido longitudinal, depois no sentido transversal. A análise por MEV demonstrou uma superfície apical mais homogênea e sem canalículos dentinários nos grupos B e D (p<0,01). Foram observadas fendas marginais, entre dentina e material obturador, em ordem decrescente de tamanho, desde o grupo B, grupo A, grupo D e grupo C (p<0,01). A análise por EDS indicou uma porcentagem maior de íons fósforo e menor de cálcio nos grupos irradiados com laser Nd:YAG. Em conclusão, esta pesquisa demonstra o efeito positivo da aplicação do laser Nd:YAG no selamento da superfície dentinária, apesar do efeito dimensional que causou na sua associação com o MTA.
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Chan, Ambrose. "Neodymium:yag laser induced pulpal anaesthesia : a study investigating clinical efficacy and effects in teeth." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4634.

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31

Gilbert, Philippe-Louis. "Traitement des tumeurs malignes rectosigmoidiennes du sujet age par laser nd-yag : a propos de 51 observations." Amiens, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AMIEM055.

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32

Charton, Stephane. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle en ligne des opérations de soudage par laser ND : Yag impulsionnel." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS047.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'un système de contrôle en ligne des assemblages par laser Nd 3 : YAG pulsé. Lors d'une opération de soudage, l'interaction laser-matière est à l'origine de l'émission de signaux (optiques, acoustiques, électriques, thermiques), caractéristiques de son comportement. Le contrôle en ligne est basé sur l'hypothèse que leurs évolutions, mesurées par des capteurs tels que des photodiodes ou des microphones, doivent être corrélées aux défauts de soudure. Le contrôle qualité d'un assemblage par faisceau laser peut être assuré par la qualification préalable de la machine, et par le suivi en ligne de l'opération de soudage proprement dite. La similitude des signaux issus des lasers pulsés (machine et interaction), nous a conduits à développer un système spécifique d'acquisition et de traitement de données. L'utilisation d'outils de traitement du signal (transformation de Fourier, transformation en ondelettes) associés à des techniques de classification de données (polytopes de contraintes), introduit une approche innovante du contrôle en ligne. La détermination des paramètres discriminants (corrélation signaux/défauts) devient ainsi automatique et non subjective. Le prototype réalisé peut être utilisé pour la détection de tout type de défaut, puisque l'opérateur de classification retenu est supervise et repose donc sur une phase d'apprentissage. Il a été validé sur des défauts de soudure simples à maitriser, pour être finalement appliqué à un problème de contrôle de fabrication au département fabrications et technologies nucléaires du centre d'études de Valduc du Commissariat à l'energie atomique.
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33

Confolent, Anne Sophie. "Cyclo-photocoagulation transclérale au laser Nd : Yag en mode thermique dans les glaucomes néo-vasculaires : étude réalisée à partir de 20 cas." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11007.

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Zerbib, Frank. "Photocoagulation par le laser ND : YAG des tumeurs villeuses recto-coliques : expérience de 100 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23114.

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CANUTO, Thais Sayonara Romão. "Avaliação comparativa do uso do laser de Nd:YAG ou cirurgia convencional no tratamento de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/26360.

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CAPES
O objetivo desse estudo preliminar foi avaliar e comparar resultados clínicos pré, trans e pós-operatórios relacionados às exéreses de lesões diagnosticadas como hiperplasia fibrosa realizadas pela técnica convencional e com laser de Nd:YAG. Vinte pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos: G1 - cirurgia com laser de Nd:YAG (n=10) e G2 – cirurgia pela técnica convencional (n=10). O tamanho da lesão de hiperplasia fibrosa, consistência, tipo de inserção, medo pré-operatório, quantidade de tubetes anestésicos, intensidade de sangramento, tempo cirúrgico, necessidade de sutura e desconforto pós-operatório foram avaliados. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados com valor de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença relacionada ao medo pré-operatório entre os grupos (p=0,485). Do ponto de vista transcirúrgico foi observado um tempo médio de 2,7 minutos para o procedimento a laser contra 7,8 minutos no procedimento convencional (p=0,037). Os pacientes do grupo G1 apresentaram menor intensidade de sangramento (p=0,001), não necessitaram de sutura (p<0,001) e menor uso de analgésico no pós-cirúrgico (p=0,05). A presente pesquisa aponta vantagens nos resultados clínicos trans e pós-operatórios em tratamentos de hiperplasias fibrosas realizadas com laser de Nd:YAG, quando comparados com a cirurgia convencional. Estudos adicionais com um maior número de pacientes são necessários para melhor elucidar as vantagens da cirurgia a laser.
The aim of the study was to compare pre, trans and post surgery clinical results related to the exeresis of lesions diagnosed as imflammatory fibrous hyperplasia performed by the conventional technique compared to Nd: YAG laser. Twenty patients were divided into 2 groups: G1 - Nd: YAG laser surgery (n = 10) and G2 - conventional surgery (n = 10). The data were evaluated with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). From the transsurgical point of view, an average time of 2.7 minutes was observed for the laser procedure versus 7.8 minutes in the conventional procedure (p = <0.05). Patients in the G1 group had less bleeding (p = <0.05), discomfort only in the first hour after the surgical procedure and need for analgesics in only 10% of the patients, in the first 6 days after the procedure. Regarding the G2 group, there was a need for suture in all the exesions (p> 0.05), a greater bleeding and 50% of the patients used analgesics until eight days after surgery. The results of the present study indicate advantages in the accomplishment of exéreses of IFH lesions with the use of Nd:YAG laser when compared to conventional surgery. Additional studies with a greater number of patients are needed to better elucidate the advantages of laser therapy.
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Dalgliesh, William Robert. "A theoretical and experimental study of the polarization states of a Nd³§+:YAG laser." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/NQ35138.pdf.

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Espírito, Santo Rachel Bertolani do. "Estudo de casos de pacientes portadores de onicomicose tratados com laser Nd : YAG 1.064 nm." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1127.

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Onicomicose é a doença ungueal mais frequente, com prevalência estimada entre 2 e 8% da população. As estratégias de tratamentos atuais incluem uso de antifúngicos tópicos e orais, ambos geralmente com baixos índices de cura. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a resposta terapêutica ao laser Nd:YAG 1.064 nm no tratamento da onicomicose, bem como o método de avaliação clínica dessa terapia e os possíveis efeitos colaterais de seu uso. Foram revisados prontuários de 20 pacientes submetidos à laserterapia. Ao todo, 34 unhas afetadas foram avaliadas de acordo com o Índice de Severidade de Onicomicose (ISO). Esse índice analisa a área de envolvimento da unha, a proximidade da doença com a matriz ungueal, a ocorrência de dermatofitoma e a presença de hiperqueratose subungueal > 2 mm, gerando uma pontuação que classifica a onicomicose como leve, moderada ou grave. A determinação do ISO foi realizada antes do tratamento e após um período de acompanhamento, em média, de oito meses. A comparação entre o ISO Inicial e o ISO Final nas 34 unhas submetidas à laserterapia mostrou diferença significativa, porém, com baixa associação entre essas variáveis. Com relação à área de envolvimento e à pontuação numérica referente ao ISO, houve, no geral, uma redução dessas medidas. Esses dados apontam para uma tendência à melhora da onicomicose por meio do tratamento com o laser Nd:YAG 1.064 nm. O ISO permitiu uma análise clínica adequada da resposta à laserterapia. Os efeitos colaterais locais apresentados durante a aplicação do laser não causaram desconforto acentuado na maioria dos pacientes, demonstrando que o procedimento é bem tolerado.
Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease, with an estimated prevalence rate between 2 and 8% of the population. Current treatment strategies include the use of oral and topical antifungals, both having usually low cure rates. The aims of this study were to evaluate the therapeutic response to the 1.064 nm Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of onychomycosis, to evaluate the clinical assessment method of such therapy and the possible side-effects of the use of laser. The records of 20 patients undergoing laser therapy were reviewed. A total of 34 affected nails were assessed according to the Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI). This index examines the nail involvement area, the proximity of the disease to the nail matrix, the occurrence of dermatophytoma and the presence of subungual hyperkeratosis > 2 mm, generating a score that ranks onychomycosis as mild, moderate or severe. Determination of the OSI was performed before treatment and after in a follow-up period of 8 months on average. The comparison between the Initial and the Final OSI in the 34 nails undergoing laser therapy showed significant difference, with, however, weak association between those variables. In relation to the involvement area and the numerical score regarding the OSI there was, in general, a reduction in these measurements. These data indicate a trend towards the improvement of onychomycosis by means of treating with the 1.064 nm Nd:YAG laser. The OSI provided an adequate clinical analysis of the response to the laser therapy. The local side-effects experienced during the laser application did not cause accentuated discomfort in most patients, thus demonstrating that the treatment is well tolerated.
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38

Cecchini, Silvia Cristina Mafra. ""Desinfecção da Dentina Radicular pela Irradiação dos Lasers de Nd: YAG e Er: YAG: um Modelo "in vitro""." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23135/tde-30082001-094604/.

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RESUMO Desinfecção da dentina radicular pela irradiação dos lasers de ND:YAG, HO:YAG e ER:YAG: um modelo in vitro A provável causa do insucesso da terapia endodôntica é a persistência de microrganismos colonizando os túbulos dentinários. Para reduzir o risco de insucesso e, se possível, o tempo despendido no tratamento endodôntico, novos equipamentos e materiais são constantemente desenvolvidos. O objetivo desta investigação foi estudar o efeito da irradiação laser intracanal na desinfecção dos túbulos dentinários de dentes bovinos recém-extraídos, utilizando-se um modelo in vitro. Os grupos irradiados pelos vários lasers foram comparados ao tratamento com hidróxido de cálcio, freqüentemente utilizado como medicação intracanal. O cemento radicular foi removido, o canal preparado e os dentes, cortados, resultando em 180 corpos de prova padronizados. Para promover a colonização bacteriana, os corpos de prova foram incubados, a 37 o C, em frascos contendo caldo de tripticase de soja e Enterococcus faecalis, o qual continha um plasmídeo que permitiu o seu crescimento em um meio seletivo com cloranfenicol. Os corpos de prova foram divididos em cinco grupos experimentais e três grupos-controle. Para irradiação foram utilizados os lasers pulsados de: Ho:YAG a 2,1 µm; Nd:YAG (1,06 µm); e Er:YAG (2,94 µm) com e sem refrigeração ar/água. Os grupos tratados receberam três parâmetros diferentes de irradiação com cada tipo de laser: energia abaixo do limiar de modificação física (physical modification threshold - ½ do PMT) por 60s; no limiar (PMT) por 60s; e, acima do limiar (120s). O Grupo 5 recebeu sete dias de tratamento com hidróxido de cálcio. Como controles, três espécimes para cada grupo receberam água estéril (controle negativo), três receberam KI3, após exposição à bactéria (controle negativo) e três não receberam tratamento após exposição à bactéria (controle positivo). A quantidade de bactérias foi estimada mediante a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (u.f.c.). De modo a avaliar, paralelamente, se os comprimentos de onda laser utilizados no experimento poderiam ser absorvidos pelo E. faecalis, foram obtidos espectros de absorção no UV, VIS e IR, por meio de espectroscopia. A análise estatística mostrou uma redução bacteriana como segue: Ho:YAG > hidróxido de cálcio > Nd:YAG > Er:YAG com refrigeração ar/água > Er:YAG sem refrigeração ar/água. Houve uma significativa redução bacteriana no grupo irradiado pelo Ho:YAG no limiar de modificação – PMT (50 mJ, 10 Hz, 66 J/cm 2 , por 120s), seguida pelo Ho:YAG a 50 mJ, 10 Hz, 33J/cm 2 , por 60s e pelo grupo que recebeu hidróxido de cálcio. Os dois últimos grupos não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas significativas. O espectro de absorção pelas bactérias (E. faecalis) nas faixas dos comprimentos de onda do UV e VIS apresentou picos de absorção em 361 nm e em 377 nm (UV). Já o infravermelho próximo revelou uma baixa absorção pelo microrganismo testado.
SUMMARY Disinfection of intracanal dentin by Nd:YAG, Ho:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation: an in vitro model A possible cause for root canal failure is the persistence of bacteria that have colonized dentinal tubules. To reduce this risk and, if possible, to also shorten the time-consuming endodontic therapy, new equipment and materials are constantly being introduced. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of disinfection of dentinal tubules by intracanal laser irradiation using an in vitro model. The groups irradiated by various lasers were compared with calcium hydroxide, a material frequently used as intracanal medication between appointments. Freshly extracted, intact bovine incisors were used. The root cementum was removed and the teeth cut to produce 180 standardized specimens. For bacterial colonization, specimens were incubated at 37 o C in test tubes with Tryptic Soy Broth and Enterococcus faecalis, which carried a plasmid that allowed the growth in a selective medium containing chloramphenicol. The specimens were divided in five treatment groups and three control groups. For irradiation, pulsed delivered Ho:YAG laser at 2.1 µm, Nd:YAG laser (1.06 µm), and Er:YAG and Er:YAG laser (2.94µm) with and without air/water coolant, were used. Lasers groups received three different laser settings for treatment: output energy below the physical modification threshold (½ of PMT) for 60 sec, at the PMT for 60 sec and above the PMT (120 sec). Group 5 received a seven-day treatment with calcium hydroxide. As controls, three specimens for each treatment group received sterile water instead of bacteria (negative control), three received iodine potassium-iodide after bacterial exposure (negative control), and three did not receive treatment after bacterial exposure (positive control). The number of bacteria was estimated by counting CFU. In order to evaluate whether the lasers used in the experiment could be absorbed by the bacteria E. faecalis, an UV, VIS and NIR spectra were obtained using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis showed the bacterial reduction as follow: Ho:YAG laser > hidróxido de cálcio> Nd:YAG laser > Er:YAG laser with air/water coolant > Er:YAG laser without air/water coolant. There was a significantly higher bacterial reduction in the group irradiated by the Ho:YAG at the PMT (50mJ, 10 Hz, 66 J/cm 2 for 120 sec), followed by Ho:YAG irradiated at 50mJ, 10 Hz, 33 J/cm 2 for 60 sec, and the group that received calcium hydroxide. The latter two groups were not significantly different. The UV and VIS absorbance spectrum presented two absorbance peaks at 361nm and 337nm (UV). The NIR spectrum revealed a very low absorbance by the E. faecalis.
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39

Origo, Fabio Dondeo. "Cristalização epitaxial de ligas de SiGe sobre GaAs por laser pulsado." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278005.

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Orientador: Ivan E. Chambouleyron
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Neste trabalho se estudou pela primeira vez a cristalização e a epitaxia por laser pulsado para a obtenção de filmes de SixG e1-x(x = 0, 0.1, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 e 1) sobre substratos de GaAs. Foram utilizados pulsos de laser de Nd:Yag ¿ l =532 nm ¿ com duração de 7ns e spot size de 2 a 3 mm. Camadas ou multicamadas amorfas de Ge, Si ou SiGe foram depositadas por , Ion Beam Sputtering sobre substratos epiready e não epiready de GaAs (100) à temperatura de 200 ºC. A espessura total dos filmes depositados era da ordem de 100 nm. Mostramos a eficácia da remoção de óxidos superficiais do GaAs (Ga2O3, As2O3 e As2O5) e contaminantes (C) através do bombardeamento do GaAs por feixe de H2+ (30 eV) após aquecimento a 350ºC. Demonstramos que filmes de a-Si0.1Ge0.9:H depositados com gás Kr são mais compactos que aqueles produzidos com Ar devido ao efeito de bombardeamento por partículas refletidas no alvo e por essa razão todos os filmes preparados para cristalização foram produzidos com Kr. Após irradiação com pulso entre 70 e 170 mJ, os filmes de Ge depositados sobre GaAs foram completamente liquefeitos por intervalo de até 20 ns e foram cristalizados. Dentro da área irradiada, quatro regiões foram identificadas, em ordem crescente da fluência ¿F- do laser: A) material que permaneceu amorfo (F<400 mJ/cm2), B) região policristalina (400 mJ/cm2 Abstract: In this work we studied, for the first time, the pulsed laser crystallization and epitaxy of SixGe1-x films (x = 0, 0.1, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 and 1) on GaAs substrates. Nd:Yag laser pulses ( g =532 nm), 7 ns wide and 2 to 3 mm spot size, were applied. Amorphous layers and multilayers of Ge, Si or SiGe were deposited, by Ion Beam Sputtering, on epiready and nonepiready GaAs (100) substrates at 200ºC. The total thicknesses are close to 100 nm. We have shown the efficacy of superficial oxide removal (Ga2O3, As2O3 and As2 O5) and contaminants (C) bombarding the substrate surface with H2+ beam (30 eV) after heating at 350ºC. We demonstrated that a-Si0.1Ge0.9:H films deposited with Kr are more compact than those produced with Ar due to the bombardment effect by particles reflected on the target; therefore, all the films prepared for laser crystallization were deposited with Kr. After laser irradiation with 70mJ-170 mJ pulses, the SiGe films were completely liquefied up to 20 ns and crystallized. Inside the irradiated area, four different regions were identified according to the increasing of laser fluency - F: A) amorphous material (F<400 mJ/cm2 ); B) polycrystalline material (400 mJ/cm2 Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
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RAMEIRO, Ana Carine Ferraz. "Avaliação comparativa entre o uso do laser de Nd: YAG ou cirurgia convencional em lesões compatíveis com granuloma piogênico." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25458.

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O Granuloma piogênico (GP) é uma proliferação de tecido conjuntivo a um estímulo ou lesão, geralmente solitária, séssil benigna apresentando-se como crescimento hemorrágico. O laser de Nd:YAG (λ=1.064 nm) é uma importante ferramenta de tratamento cirúrgico dos tecidos moles bucais, principalmente lesões vasculares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar à exérese de lesões diagnosticadas como granuloma piogênico através da técnica convencional em comparação com o laser de Nd: YAG (λ=1.064 nm) com base em parâmetros clínicos pré, trans e pós- cirúrgicos. Neste trabalho foram incluídos 30 pacientes, 15 deles submetidos à exéreses de lesões de granuloma piogênico pelo uso do Laser de Nd:YAG (λ=1.064 nm) (G1) e os demais pela técnica convencional (G2). Os dados foram avaliados com um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). No grupo submetido ao laser de Nd:YAG (λ=1.064 nm) observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os pacientes quanto ao tempo médio gasto para a realização dos procedimentos cirúrgicos onde uso do laser reduziu o tempo em cerca de 3 minutos (p<0,001), houve uma menor ocorrência de sangramento durante a cirurgia (p<0,001) e uma reduzida necessidade de sutura. Os pacientes tratados através do método convencional relataram menor sensação de medo antes da cirurgia (p<0,001), necessitaram de uma menor quantidade de tubetes para anestesia infiltrativa (p<0,001). Com relação à dor sentida pelos pacientes no período pós-operatório foi observado que em ambos os grupos, passados quinze dias da cirurgia, não houve relato de dor moderada ou severa entre os pacientes. Os resultados apresentados são indicativos da superioridade do uso do laser de alta potência Nd:YAG (λ=1.064 nm) em cirurgias na cavidade oral.
Piogenic Granuloma (GP) is a proliferation of connective tissue to a stimulus or lesion, usually solitary, benign sessile presenting as hemorrhagic growth. The Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) is an important tool for the surgical treatment of oral soft tissues, mainly vascular lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exertion of lesions diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma by the conventional technique in comparison with the Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) based on pre, trans and post- surgical clinical parameters. In this study 30 patients were included, 15 of them submitted to exogenous lesions of granuloma pyogenic by the use of Nd: YAG laser technique (λ = 1064 nm) (G1) and the others by the conventional technique (G2). The data were evaluated with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). In the group submitted to Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm), a statistically significant difference was observed among patients regarding the average time spent performing the surgical procedures where laser use reduced the time in about 3 minutes (p < 0.001), there was a lower occurrence of bleeding during surgery (p <0.001) and a reduced need for suturing. Patients treated using the conventional method reported a lower sensation of fear of fear before surgery (p <0.001), requiring a smaller number of tubes for infiltrative anesthesia (p <0.001). Regarding the pain felt by the patients in the postoperative period, it was observed that in both groups, after fifteen days of surgery, there was no report of moderate or severe pain among the patients. The results presented are indicative of the superiority of the use of the high power laser Nd: YAG (λ = 1,064 nm) in surgeries in the oral cavity.
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41

Fossa, João Sergio. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema óptico para microperfuração de materiais cerâmicos,metálicos e poliméricos utilizando laser nanopulsado de Nd:YAG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-19082015-114631/.

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Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido e caracterizado um aparato óptico para geração de padrões de perfurações em escala micrométrica em diversas classes de materiais. Este sistema, fundamentado nas técnicas de percussão e trepanação, foi acoplado a um laser industrial nanopulsado de Nd:YAG operando em 532 nm. Sua viabilidade foi analisada em amostras de alumínio metálico, cerâmica de α−alumina, poli(cloreto de vinila) (PVC) e silício cristalino. Verificou-se que as melhores condições para a obtenção de microperfurações de precisão são proporcionadas pelo método de trepanação assistido por um alto fluxo de ar. Micrografias eletrônicas comprovaram que estes parâmetros resultam em microperfurações simétricas, precisas e, geralmente, desprovidas de rebarbas. Suas dimensões, comparadas ao método de percussão, são evidentemente superiores devido à maior quantidade de material processado nesta técnica. Verificou-se que os diâmetros de microperfurações por percussão variaram de 25 a 200 µm enquanto que pelo método de trepanação estes resultados foram de aproximadamente 50 a 240 µm, dependendo das propriedades do material e da fluência aplicada. Um estudo sobre a velocidade de perfuração em função da fluência incidente comprovou a alta dependência da taxa de ablação com relação às propriedades térmicas e ópticas dos materiais. A análise de secções retas transversais em microperfurações obtidas por percussão e trepanação também indicou a formação de deformações internas em materiais com baixas velocidades de perfuração, tais como alumínio metálico e α−alumina. Esse fenômeno está diretamente associado ao plasma formado no interior de algumas microcavidades, sobretudo pelo método de trepanação sob baixos regimes de fluência. Estudos da região termicamente afetada em silício cristalino por espectroscopia micro−Raman também indicaram a ausência de tensões induzidas por ambas as técnicas empregadas e evidências de transições cristalinas entre a fase cúbica do diamante (Si−I) e hexagonal compacta (Si−IV); as quais foram mais pronunciadas em altos regimes de fluências. De maneira geral estes resultados contribuíram para a comprovação da eficiência e viabilidade do sistema desenvolvido e para a caracterização de microperfurações de precisão em materiais metálicos, cerâmicos e poliméricos
In this work, it was developed and characterized an optical apparatus that was used to generate holes in micrometric scale in several classes of materials. This system, based on the techniques of percussion and trepanning drilling, was connected to an industrial nanopulsed Nd:YAG laser operating in 532 nm. Its viability was analyzed for metallic aluminum, α−alumina ceramic, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and single crystalline silicon samples. It was verified that the trepanning method assisted by intense air jet had given the best conditions for the attainment of precise microdrillings. Electronic micrographs has proved that this technique results in symmetrical and precise microholes, generally without burrs. Their dimensions are evidently superior to those obtained by the percussion method, probably due to the different amounts of material processed in each technique. It was verified that the microholes diameters had varied approximately from 25 to 200 µm for percussion, while for the trepanning method they has varied from 50 to 240 µm, depending on the material properties and the applied fluence. A study about the drilling velocity in function of the incident fluence had proved the high dependence of the ablation rate with relation to the thermal and optical materials properties. The analysis of transversal cross−sections in microholes obtained by percussion and trepanning methods has also indicated the formation of internal deformations in materials with low drilling velocities, such as metallic aluminum and α−alumina. This phenomenon is directly associated with the plasma formed inside of some microcavities, mainly appling the trepanning method under lower fluence regimes. Studies in the thermally affected region in crystalline silicon, by micron-Raman spectroscopy, has also indicated the absence of induced tensions for both techniques employed, as well as indications of crystalline transitions between the cubic phase of the diamond (Si−I) and compact hexagonal (Si−IV); which were more pronounced in high incident fluences. In general way these results has contributed to the verification of the efficiency and viability of the developed system and to the precise characterization of microholes in metallic, ceramic and polymeric materials
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42

Reda, Claude. "Cyclophotocoagulation transclérale de contact au laser Nd:Yag dans le traitement des glaucomes réfractaires : étude à propos de 47 cas." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11194.

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43

Favre, Sébastian. "Génération de deuxième et troisième harmonique avec un laser Nd : YAG en régime pulsé libre /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2349.

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44

Crespo, Gillian da Silva [UNESP]. "Influência da potência de laser Nd: YAG na soldagem do aço inoxidável duplex UNS S32205." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113854.

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Conduziu-se um estudo da soldagem laser na condição “bead on plate” no aço inoxidável duplex UNS S 32205 na forma de chapas com 3,0 x 20 x 45 mm (A x L x P). Realizou-se 12 soldas em atmosfera de gás argônio com fluxo de gás de 15 l/min, diâmetro de feixe de 0,2 mm, ângulo de 90º, taxa de repetição de 9 Hz, velocidade de soldagem de 150 mm/min, profundidades de foco iguais a 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mm abaixo da superfície da peça e energia do pulso (Ep) fixada em 6,0 J. A variação de potência foi obtida variando as larguras temporais (Lt) em valores de 4, 6, 8 e 10 ms. Os resultados foram analisados com base na relação entre potência, geometria do cordão de solda, balanço de fases ferrita/austenita, dureza Vickers e análise química. Para revelação dos metais de solda utilizou-se reagentes Behara modificado e eletrolítico com solução oxálica 10%. As medidas de geometria (largura e profundidade) dos cordões de solda foram realizadas através de imagens obtidas através de câmera digital em um microscópio óptico comum. O processamento das imagens foi realizado através do programa “Image J”, um software de edição de imagens de domínio público pautado na plataforma Java. Os maiores valores de largura e profundidade foram encontrados nos maiores valores de potência e o aumento do valor da posição focal acarretou em um aumento da variabilidade da média desses parâmetros geométricos. O valor do balanço ferrita/austenita para o metal base e metal de solda foi de 52/48 % e 70/30 % respectivamente. O valor médio da dureza para o metal base foi igual a 286 HV. Nos metais de solda e nas ZTAs a posição focal -1,5 mm apresentou os menores valores de dureza, independente da potência utilizada. A composição química dos elementos de liga não apresentou grandes variações entre os dados de fábrica e os obtidos para o metal base e o metal de solda
We carried out a study of laser welding provided bead on plate in duplex stainless steel UNS S 32205 in the form of plates with 3,0 x 20 x 45 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argon gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9 Hz, welding speed of 150 mm / min, gas depths focus equal to 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 6,0 J. The power variation was obtained by varying the time width (Lt) at values of 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, balance ferrite/austenite phases, Vickers hardness and chemical analysis. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Behara modified and electrolyte with 10% oxalic solution reagents. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Image processing was performed using the Image J program, a graphics editing software in the public domain lined on Java platform. The highest values of width and depth were found in higher values of power and increasing the value of the focal position resulted in an increase in the variability of the mean of these geometrical parameters. The balance sheet value of the ferrite/austenite for the base metal and weld metal was 52/48 % and 70/30% respectively. The average hardness for the base metal was equal to 286 HV. In weld metals and the ZTAs focal position -1.5 mm had the lowest hardness values, regardless of power used. The chemical composition of alloying elements did not show large variations between factory data and those obtained for the base metal and the weld metal
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45

Sanitá, Willian Roberto Valicelli [UNESP]. "Análise de juntas soldadas de aço API 5L X-70 com laser Nd: YAG pulsado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149831.

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Conduziu-se um estudo da soldagem laser na condição “bead on plate” no aço microligado ARBL API 5L Gr. X70 na forma de chapas com 1,0 x 20 x 120 mm (A x L x P). Realizou-se 12 soldas em atmosfera de gás argônio com fluxo de gás de 15 l/min, diâmetro de feixe de 0,2 mm, ângulo de 90º, taxa de repetição de 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 Hz, velocidade de soldagem de 1 mm/s, profundidades de foco iguais a 0,57 mm abaixo da superfície da peça e energia do pulso (Ep) fixada em 10,0 J. A largura temporal (Lt) foi mantida em 10 ms. O aporte térmico foi variado em 90, 80, 70, 60 e 50 J/ mm. Os resultados foram analisados com base na relação entre potência, geometria do cordão de solda, corrosão, dureza Vickers e microestrutura. Para revelação dos metais de solda utilizou-se reagente Nital 5%. As medidas de geometria (largura e profundidade) dos cordões de solda foram realizadas através de imagens obtidas em câmera digital em um microscópio óptico comum. Foram realizados ensaios de microscopia em microscópio eletrônico de varredura em detector retroespalhado (BSD), afim de verificar com maior clareza as microestruturas das amostras. Para verificação da resistência mecânica foi ensaio de tração nas amostras e no metal de base sem a inserção de entalhe. Para verificação de dureza foram analisados quatro parâmetros sendo eles três linhas horizontais e uma linha vertical no centro do cordão de solda. Para verificação da corrosão foi conduzido ensaio em um potenciostato para ensaio de polarização potenciodinâmica onde foram analisadas as curvas de polarização. Os maiores valores de largura profundidade foram encontrados em maiores valores de potência e largura temporal. As microestruturas das amostras apresentaram formações de ferrita acicular, ferrita alotriomórfica e possíveis elevados teores de martensita no caso das amostras de menor aporte térmico (60 e 50 J/ mm). Todas as amostras apresentaram maior resistência mecânica do que o metal de base, visto que todas romperam no metal de base. Os coeficientes de dureza se mostraram mais elevados para amostras de menor aporte térmico. As resistência de corrosão se mantiveram próximas ao metal base e alguns casos superiores (Ap 70 J/ mm) , visto que provavelmente tenha se formado um filme passivo de óxido após processo de soldagem, resultando em maior resistência.
We carried out a study of laser welding provided "bead on plate" in micro-alloyed steel ARBL API 5L Gr. X70 in the form of plates with 1,0 x 20 x 120 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argonic gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 Hz, welding speed of 1 mm/s, gas depths focus equal to 0,57 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 10,0 J. The time width (Lt) set at 10 ms. The heat input was varied at 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 J/mm. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, corrosion, Vickers hardness, chemical analysis and microstructure. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Nital 5%. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Microscopy tests were carried out using a scanning electron microscope in a backscattered detector (BSD), in order to verify with greater clarity the microstructures of the samples. For verification of mechanical strength was tensile test on samples and base metal without notch insertion. For verification of hardness were analyzed four parameters being three horizontal lines and a vertical line in the center of the weld bead. To verify the corrosion, a potentiostat test was conducted for potentiodynamic polarization test where the polarization curves were analyzed. The greatest values of depth width were found in higher values of power and temporal width. The microstructures of the samples showed formations of acicular ferrite, allotriomorphic ferrite and possible high martensite contents in the case of samples with lower heat input (60 and 50 J / mm). All samples showed higher mechanical strength than the base metal, since all of them broke in the base metal. The coefficients of hardness were higher for samples with lower thermal input. The corrosion resistance remained close to the base metal and some higher cases (Ap 70 J / mm), since a passive oxide film probably formed after welding, resulting in higher strength.
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46

Crespo, Gillian da Silva. "Influência da potência de laser Nd: YAG na soldagem do aço inoxidável duplex UNS S32205 /." Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113854.

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Orientador: Vicente Afonso Ventrella
Co-orientador: Ruís Camargo Tokimatsu
Banca: Wyser José Yamakami
Banca: Angelo Caporalli Filho
Resumo: Conduziu-se um estudo da soldagem laser na condição "bead on plate" no aço inoxidável duplex UNS S 32205 na forma de chapas com 3,0 x 20 x 45 mm (A x L x P). Realizou-se 12 soldas em atmosfera de gás argônio com fluxo de gás de 15 l/min, diâmetro de feixe de 0,2 mm, ângulo de 90º, taxa de repetição de 9 Hz, velocidade de soldagem de 150 mm/min, profundidades de foco iguais a 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mm abaixo da superfície da peça e energia do pulso (Ep) fixada em 6,0 J. A variação de potência foi obtida variando as larguras temporais (Lt) em valores de 4, 6, 8 e 10 ms. Os resultados foram analisados com base na relação entre potência, geometria do cordão de solda, balanço de fases ferrita/austenita, dureza Vickers e análise química. Para revelação dos metais de solda utilizou-se reagentes Behara modificado e eletrolítico com solução oxálica 10%. As medidas de geometria (largura e profundidade) dos cordões de solda foram realizadas através de imagens obtidas através de câmera digital em um microscópio óptico comum. O processamento das imagens foi realizado através do programa "Image J", um software de edição de imagens de domínio público pautado na plataforma Java. Os maiores valores de largura e profundidade foram encontrados nos maiores valores de potência e o aumento do valor da posição focal acarretou em um aumento da variabilidade da média desses parâmetros geométricos. O valor do balanço ferrita/austenita para o metal base e metal de solda foi de 52/48 % e 70/30 % respectivamente. O valor médio da dureza para o metal base foi igual a 286 HV. Nos metais de solda e nas ZTAs a posição focal -1,5 mm apresentou os menores valores de dureza, independente da potência utilizada. A composição química dos elementos de liga não apresentou grandes variações entre os dados de fábrica e os obtidos para o metal base e o metal de solda
Abstract: We carried out a study of laser welding provided "bead on plate" in duplex stainless steel UNS S 32205 in the form of plates with 3,0 x 20 x 45 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argon gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9 Hz, welding speed of 150 mm / min, gas depths focus equal to 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 6,0 J. The power variation was obtained by varying the time width (Lt) at values of 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, balance ferrite/austenite phases, Vickers hardness and chemical analysis. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Behara modified and electrolyte with 10% oxalic solution reagents. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Image processing was performed using the "Image J" program, a graphics editing software in the public domain lined on Java platform. The highest values of width and depth were found in higher values of power and increasing the value of the focal position resulted in an increase in the variability of the mean of these geometrical parameters. The balance sheet value of the ferrite/austenite for the base metal and weld metal was 52/48 % and 70/30% respectively. The average hardness for the base metal was equal to 286 HV. In weld metals and the ZTAs focal position -1.5 mm had the lowest hardness values, regardless of power used. The chemical composition of alloying elements did not show large variations between factory data and those obtained for the base metal and the weld metal
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47

Sanitá, Willian Roberto Valicelli. "Análise de juntas soldadas de aço API 5L X-70 com laser Nd : YAG pulsado /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149831.

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Abstract:
Orientador: Vicente Afonso Ventrella
Resumo: We carried out a study of laser welding provided "bead on plate" in micro-alloyed steel ARBL API 5L Gr. X70 in the form of plates with 1,0 x 20 x 120 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argonic gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 Hz, welding speed of 1 mm/s, gas depths focus equal to 0,57 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 10,0 J. The time width (Lt) set at 10 ms. The heat input was varied at 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 J/mm. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, corrosion, Vickers hardness, chemical analysis and microstructure. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Nital 5%. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Microscopy tests were carried out using a scanning electron microscope in a backscattered detector (BSD), in order to verify with greater clarity the microstructures of the samples. For verification of mechanical strength was tensile test on samples and base metal without notch insertion. For verification of hardness were analyzed four parameters being three horizontal lines and a vertical line in the center of the weld bead. To verify the corrosion, a potentiostat test was conducted for potentiodynamic polarization test where the polarization curves were analyzed. The greatest values of depth width were found i... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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48

Theron, Maritha. "Quenching and tempering effects on Rheo-cast F357 aluminium alloy during Nd: YAG laser welding." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26148.

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Al-Si-Mg casting alloys are being used in automotive applications, aerospace applications and other applications requiring heat-treatable permanent mould castings that combine good weldability with high strength and toughness (ASM). These casting alloys are also known for their excellent castability, corrosion resistance and, in particular, .a range of mechanical properties in the heattreated condition. A357 aluminum alloy has been extensively used for semi-solid processing for more than three decades, and a large amount of components like fuel rails, engine mounts, engine brackets and suspension parts have been produced. This alloy is also included in the Statement for Work between the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and Boeing Co, USA. F357, a hypo-eutectic aluminium alloy, Al-7%Si-0.6%Mg without beryllium, was processed with CSIR-Rheo technology to the Semi-Solid Metal (SSM) state and cast in plates with a 50 Ton High Pressure Die Casting machine. The castings were either left in the as-cast (F) condition or subjected to T4, T4+ or T6 heat treatments prior to laser welding. Welding of aluminium alloys poses many problems like porosity, loss of alloying elements, poor bead geometry and softening of the heat affected zone. Laser welding is however widely used in industrial production owing to the advantages such as low heat input, high welding speed and high production rate. Due to these unique advantages, the potential of autogenous Nd: Y AG laser welding as manufacturing process for this cast aluminium alloy was evaluated. A welding operating window was established and the optimum parameters were found to be a laser power of 3.8 kW at the workpiece and a welding speed of 4 m/min with a twin spot laser light configuration. These laser welding parameters were applied for the welding of the heat treated plates and resulted in very low weld joint porosity and almost no loss of alloying elements. The mechanical properties of age-hardenable Al-Si-Mg alloys are dependent on the rate at which the alloy is cooled after the solution heat treatment Because of the high cooling rate during laser welding, the possibility of producing weld seams through deep penetration laser welding, with mechanical properties matching those of the T6 temper condition, but without a post-weld solid solution heat treatment, was investigated. The quench rate after laser welding was measured and compared well with that measured after solution treatment. The resulting mechanical properties of F357 aluminium welded in the T4 condition and only artificially aged after welding (T4+ condition), compares very well with the T6 base material properties. The strengthening mechanisms obtained during laser welding and the different heat treatments were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and are consistent with the expected precipitation hardening processes in Al-Si-Mg alloys. The quench sensitivity of SSM F357 aluminium alloy is thus sufficiently low to obtain such an increase in strength values during laser welding, that no postweld solution heat treatment is necessary to achieve mechanical properties to the T6 performance specification.
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49

Haboudou, Aïcha. "Caractérisation, modélisation et maîtrise des porosités créées lors du soudage laser Nd-YAG d'alliages d'aluminium." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECDL0001.

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Les alliages d'aluminium font l'objet d'un intérêt croissant (aéronautique, automobile. . . ) dans l'optique de réduire le poids des composants et permettre ainsi un gain d'énergie. L'emploi de ces matériaux nécessite de développer des procédés d'assemblage tel que le soudage laser. Ce procédé apparaît prometteur pour les alliages d'aluminium, toutefois on met en évidence des porosités, attribuées à des vaporisations d'éléments alliés, type magnésium, ainsi que de nombreux dégazages. Ces porosités de taille millimétrique sont néfastes à la tenue mécanique des cordons. Lors de cette étude, nous évaluerons la soudabilité sous faisceau laser de deux alliages d'aluminium, respectivement, le 5083 et l'AS7G03. Les facteurs métallurgiques (vaporisation, état de surface) et procédé (dédoublement du faisceau) seront analysés. Pour ce faire, une caractérisation métallurgique (radiographie, densitométrie, duretés) des cordons sera mise en oeuvre ainsi qu'un suivi du procédé (par caméra et pyrométrie)
Aluminium alloys have received an increasing interest (aeronautics, car manufacturing) in the view of lightening the structures allowing an economy of energy. The use of these materials needs to develop joining processes as the laser welding. This process seems promising for aluminium alloys. Nevertheless, porosities are evidences attributed to the vaporisation of elements like aluminium and degazing of hydrogen. These porosities are harmful for mechanical properties of the welds. In this study, we will evaluate the weldability by laser beam of two aluminium alloys, respectively, the AA5083 and the A356. The metallurgical factors (vaporisation, surface state) and process parameters (dual beam configuration) will be analysed. A metallurgical characterisation of the welds (X-ray radiographs, densitometry results, hardness) and also a process visualisation would be carried out
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50

Damião, Alvaro Jose. "Processo de deposição e propriedades de filmes de dióxido de titânio obtidos por "laser ablation"." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278417.

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Orientador: Mario Antonio Bica de Moraes
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Este trabalho descreve os estudos do processo de deposição a laser de TiO2, assim como algumas propriedades dos alvos utilizados e dos filmes depositados. O objetivo era a obtenção de filmes para serem utilizados como elemento de composição em componentes ópticos de precisão. Foram utilizados três diferentes lasers pulsados: CO2, Nd:YAG e Vapor de Cobre, oscilando nos comprimentos de onda tradicionais, ou seja, sem dobrar freqüências de emissão. A taxa de repetição dos lasers variou de 1 Hz para o laser de CO2 até 18 kHz para o laser de vapor de co-bre. Os lasers e a câmara de evaporação foram desenvolvidos no Instituto de Estudos Avançados IEAv - CTA, onde os trabalhos de deposição foram realizados. A espessura dos filmes depositados foi obtida por três processos diferentes: balança, osci-lador/cristal de quartzo e interferometria, a fim de verificar se havia influência do processo de de-posição no comportamento do cristal de quartzo. Como não houve influência, foram obtidos então os resultados de taxa de deposição, como função do tempo para diferentes condições de deposi-ção. Os alvos foram tratados termicamente, para verificar a influência do material de partida, não tendo sido observadas diferenças nos filmes obtidos. Os filmes foram caracterizados por téc-nicas ópticas (Método do Envelope), difração de raios X, XPS e microscopia eletrônica de varre-dura. Foram obtidos filmes uniformes, aparentemente sem os defeitos normalmente causados pela deposição a laser. Os filmes, como depositados, apresentaram alguma absorção, o que invia-biliza a sua utilização sem tratamento térmico
Abstract: This work presents the results of a laser deposition process of TiO2, target and thin film properties. The aim was to obtain thin films to be part of a multilayer coating for precision optical components. Three different pulsed lasers were used to deposit the films: CO2, Nd:YAG and Copper Vapor Lasers, LVC, all of them oscillating in their natural modes, i.e., without any apparatus to double the emission frequency. The repetition rate of the laser was as low as 1 Hz for CO2 and as high as 18kHz for LVC. The evaporation chamber and the lasers were developed at the Instituto de Estudos Avançados, IEAv-CTA, where the films were deposited. Mass measurement, quartz crystal oscillator and interferometry evaluated the films thick-ness, to check if the deposition process could affect the results obtained by the crystal oscillator. As no influence was detected, the crystal oscillator was used to measure the deposition rate of the films, as function of time, for different deposition conditions. The targets received a thermal treatment, to verify the influence of starting materials on the obtained films. The films were analyzed by Envelop Method (optical properties), X-ray, XPS and SEM. Uniform films were obtained, without the defects normally found when using laser deposi-tion. Films deposited at room temperature (as deposited) presented some absorption, which obliges the use of thermal treatment
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
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