Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nd:YAG laser'
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Andersson, Martin, and Martin Svensson. "Nd YAG laser welding in Titanium-6242." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-764.
Full textRodriguez-Pena, Luis. "Assemblage aluminium : Acier par faisceau laser Nd : YAG." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lrodriguezpena.pdf.
Full textThe reduction of consumption of fuel of internal combustion motors, imposed by the new anti-pollution and energy saving laws may be attained by reducing the weight of vehicles, introducing, for example, aluminium sections into the main steel car-body. Laser brazing is a process which can be used to perform such a junction. The main problem of welding this kind of combination of materials with conventional processes is the potential formation of inter-metallic phases, which reduces the good performance of the joint. Laser brazing allows a very good control of the thermal development of the joint, with a limited precipitation of these brittle phases. This work presents the results of a feasibility study made with ZnAl-30 and AlSi-12 as filler metal. The study shows that the type of configuration used for the assembly has a particular influence on the formation of brittle phases and consequently on the mechanical performance of the joint
Ribau, Humberto Miranda. "Soldadura laser pulsado Nd: YAG entre metais dissimulares." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23358.
Full textA presente investigação consiste no estudo experimental das propriedades mecânicas induzidas pela soldadura laser em chapas de materiais metálicos dissimilares, nomeadamente, aço de alta resistência dual-phase (DP) 600 com aço de alta resistência dual-phase (DP) 1000 e liga de alumínio AA6060-T6 com liga de titânio Ti-6Al-4V. No caso dos aços dual-phase, o estudo foi realizado em amostras de 0,8 mm de espessura, numa junta do tipo topo a topo. Após a seleção dos parâmetros mais adequados para a soldadura, foram efetuados ensaios de tração aos provetes soldados, com o objetivo de determinar as propriedades mecânicas e avaliar a influência dos parâmetros do laser. Em relação à ligação de alumínio com titânio, esta foi feita numa junta de sobreposição dupla em amostras de 1,9 e 0,9 mm de espessura, respetivamente. Do mesmo modo que os aços, foram também variados os parâmetros do laser, de modo a se obter os mais adequados, para posteriormente se efetuar ensaios de tração. Variou-se também o sítio onde o feixe laser incide na junta de sobreposição para melhor avaliar a soldadura.
The aim of this thesis consists of an experimental study of the mechanical properties induced by the laser welding in dissimilar metal, namely, dual-phase steel 600 with dual-phase steel 1000 and aluminium alloy AA6060-T6 with titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. In the case of the dual-phase steels, the study was carried out on 0,8 mm plates, in a butt joint type. After selecting the most appropriate parameters for the welding, tensile tests were performed on welded specimens with the purpose to find the mechanical properties and evaluate the influence of the laser parameters. The aluminium - titanium union was accomplished on a double-lap joint on 1,9 mm and 0,9 mm plates, respectively. Just like the situation of the steels, the laser parameters were too varied with aim to obtain the most appropriate parameters, to later perform tensile tests. It was also changed the place where the laser beam impacts on the specimen, to better analyse the welding.
Rodriguez-Pena, Luis Langlade Cécile. "Assemblage aluminium Acier par faisceau laser Nd : YAG /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/lrodriguezpena.pdf.
Full textBonati, Guido. "Integration von Diodenlasern in modulare Hochleistungs-Nd: YAG-Laser." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965090531.
Full textZarour, Hassane. "Lasers et malformations vasculaires superficielles : mise au point : etude preliminaire sur un nouveau type de laser (le laser yag dedouble en frequence)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20819.
Full textHill, Timothy J. "Interference of intensity noise in a multimode Nd:YAG laser." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh6484.pdf.
Full textDe, Kock Trevor Neil. "The development and evaluation of a Nd:YAG laser incorporating an unstable resonator." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008566.
Full textCHEVALLIER, NATHALIE. "Le traitement des lesions endobronchiques par laser nd-yag : a propos de 153 cas, d'aout 1982 a mai 1987." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU31106.
Full textMartial, Igor. "Systèmes laser pompés par diode à fibres cristallines : oscillateurs Er : yAG, amplificateurs Nd : yAG." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00705198.
Full textLABALETTE, MARIE-LUCE. "Iridotomie au laser argon et/ou yag : a propos de 103 yeux." Lille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL2M148.
Full textPEIXOTO, CLARISSA FERREIRA. "SURFACE CLEANING OF HISTORICAL PAPER DOCUMENTS USING ND: YAG LASER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22327@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A conservação e restauração de obras de arte e objetos de interesse histórico se afirma como ciência que agrega várias áreas do conhecimento. O processo de limpeza superficial se impõe como ponto fundamental e crítico em todas as intervenções, pois, tradicionalmente, envolve processos invasivos e de difícil controle. O método de limpeza a laser se coloca como solução viável, e amplamente difundida em intervenções realizadas em mármores e metais. Estudos demonstram a viabilidade na utilização do laser Nd YAG para a limpeza de papel. O suporte a ser tratado é um papel de pasta mecânica, da década de 30, que foi irradiado com feixe de 532nm. Visando a otimização do modo operacional, os parâmetros tempo de exposição, frequência, energia depositada e distância focal foram alterados. A fim de comparação, foi realizado limpeza aquosa para estabelecer a eficiência dos métodos tradicional e à laser. A análise dos resultados foi baseada na avaliação óptica, utilizando o método CIELab, e através da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura MEV.
Conservation and restoration of artworks and objects of historical interest is a science that combines several areas of knowledge. The surface cleaning step is an essential and critical process in every conservation procedure, because it involves traditionally invasive processes that are hard to control. The laser cleaning method is a viable solution, and in widespread interventions in marble and metal. Studies demonstrate the viability of the use Nd YAG laser for cleaning paper. The support to be treated is a paper of mechanical pulp, from the 30s, by 532nm laser beam. The evaluated parameters were the operational mode, the exposure time, the energy deposited and the focal length parameters. Classical wet method was used for comparison, aqueous cleaning was performed to establish the efficiency of traditional methods and laser. The paper surface was characterized by visual inspection, CIELab method and scanning electron microscopy SEM. Some conditions did clean the surface with minor damage.
Mondin, Linda. "Stabilisation de fréquence de laser Nd-YAG pour applications spatiales." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4046.
Full textLong term stabilised lasers are used in a multitude of metrological applications and are the basis of experimental research in very high resolution spectroscopy. This document describes my thesis work on stabilised Nd:YAG lasers in view of space applications (for fundamental physics experiments and geodesy). All experiments must satisfy criteria of compactness, mechanical stability, robustness and reliability. I will describe the possible references for the long (molecules) and the short (resonators) term time intervals with their principal limitations. The discussion leading to their choice is actually connected to the stabilisation techniques to be adequately implemented (PDH, Tilt-Locking, Modulation transfer). Among the stabilisation techniques, the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique is now a classic as it produces the best performance in short term, so far. To reduce active components, we have also implemented a DC technique called Tilt-Locking and I will compare with PDH in the case of a monolithic Fabry-Perot reference. Theoretical performances on the long term and quantum efficiencies will be compared for different techniques. The schematic principles of the experiences and the results I have obtained for stabilised lasers on Fabry-Perot and molecular iodine are presented. We calibrated the Fabry-Perot drifts, this allows me to point out analytical and numerical solutions to control the length of this mechanical reference. Finally suggestions for further work will be approached and, in the appendices, details about noise order of magnitudes for LISA, a theoretical overview of gravitational waves as well as different simulations and calculations are presented
Faria, Irval Cardoso de. "Geração de pulsos laser ultracurtos por auto injeção no laser de Nd : YAG." [s.n.], 1986. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277323.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Mestre em Física
DAMON, HENRI. "Traitement palliatif par le laser nd-yag des cancers du rectosigmoide." Saint-Etienne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STET6405.
Full textDelen, Xavier. "Amplificateurs laser à cristaux massifs pompés par diode : fibres cristallines Yb : YAG et cristaux Nd : YVO4." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00996931.
Full textAnders, Stephanie. "Spätergebnisse in der Therapie der Besenreiservarikosis Nd-Yag Laser versus Hydroxypolyethoxydodecan." Diss., lmu, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-51243.
Full textBonnin, Jean-Philippe, and Alain Mercier. "Etude comparative des brasages des alliages dentaires selon la méthode conventionnelle du chalumeau avec les soudages au laser Yag." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN13401.
Full textShori, Ramesh K. "A Study of Spiking and Relaxation Oscillations in Nd:YAG Laser Using Measured Laser Parameters." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4641.
Full textAyyalasomayajula, Narasimha Rao. "Nd:YAG mini slab laser hybrid integration and Raman sensor application /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10437.
Full textTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 170 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164).
VIALET, ALLOMBERT CHRISTINE. "Traitement par laser ndyag de 115 patients porteurs d'un adenome du rectum en dysplasie severe ou foyer de cancer superficiel : resultats a long terme." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M207.
Full textBécquart, Jean-Philippe. "Le traitement par le laser nd-yag a titre palliatif et curatif de 80 tumeurs recto-coliques." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25380.
Full textBenet, Vincent. "Traitement palliatif endoscopique par laser Nd YAG des cancers de l'oesophage et du cardia : à propos de 91 malades." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR1M153.
Full textCHEN, GUOSEN. "Synchronisation intermodale d'un laser yag/nd picoseconde par propagation de faisceaux solitons." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0043.
Full textLE, NEVE MARC. "Etude d'un laser nd : yag de forte energie pompe par diodes et declenche par absorbant saturable cr:yag." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10133.
Full textMedeiros, Júnior Rui. "Avaliação Clínica de Pacientes Submetidos à Frenectomias Labiais com Laser de Nd:YAG e Cirurgia Convencional." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2012. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12609.
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O objetivo do estudo foi comparar resultados clínicos pré, trans e pós-operatórios relacionados às frenectomias labiais realizadas pela técnica convencional e com laser de Nd:YAG. Quarenta pacientes foram distribuídos em 2 grupos: G1 - cirurgia pela técnica convencional (n=22) e G2 – cirurgia com laser de Nd:YAG (n=18). O tipo de inserção do frênulo, sangramento, tempo cirúrgico, necessidade de sutura, medo pré-operatório e desconforto pós-operatório foram avaliados. A maioria dos frênulos (90%) foi classificado como de inserção papilar ou transpapilar e não houve diferença relacionada ao medo pré-operatório entre os grupos (p=0,593). Os pacientes do G2 não necessitaram de sutura (p<0,001) e apresentaram ausência de sangramento trans-operatório na maioria dos casos (p<0,001), acarretando em uma redução do tempo cirúrgico (p<0,001). Este estudo revelou algumas vantagens da terapia realizada com laser de Nd:YAG relacionadas ao ato operatório, entretanto não foi observada uma superioridade nos resultados clínicos pós-operatórios de dor e função oral.
Rotger, Maud. "Contribution à l'étude d'un laser Nd-YAG industriel de puissance : réalisation d'un lambdamètre pour lasers impulsionnels." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS013.
Full textPradal, Philippe. "Utilisation du laser néodyme-yag dans la chirurgie conservatrice de la rate." Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11061.
Full textZerbinati, Lívia Prates Soares. "Avaliação da adaptação marginal após apicectomia e selamento apical com laser Nd: YAG." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/409.
Full textThe new methods and materials used in paraendodontic surgery lead to a higher success rates in dental practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of apicoectomy, retrofilling with MTA and the apical seal with Nd: YAG laser (10Hz, 150mJ, 1. 5 W, 60s). For these propose was used 40 teeth endodontically treated and cut by diamond bur at 90 ° with the long axis of the tooth. Four groups of samples was randomly assigned (n = 10): (A - apicoectomy, B - apicoectomy and Nd:YAG laser, C - MTA retrofilling, D - MTA retrofilling and Nd:YAG laser). The samples were embedded in epoxy resin and cut lengthwise first, then crosswise. SEM analysis showed a more homogeneous surface without apical sealing of dentinal tubules in groups B and D (p <0. 01). Horizontal and transverse marginal gaps were observed between dentin and filling material. The descending order of gap, was the group B (resection and irradiation Nd:YAG laser), followed by group A (apicoectomy), group D (MTA retrofilling irradiation and Nd: YAG laser) and at last group C (retrofilling MTA) (p <0. 01). The EDS analysis indicated a higher rates of phosphorus ions and lower of calcium in the groups treated by Nd:YAG laser. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the positive effect of application of Nd:YAG laser in apical sealing of the dentin surface, despite the dimensional effect that had on its association with the MTA.
As periapicopatias recidivantes são patologias de difícil resolução. Os novos métodos e materiais, aplicados na cirurgia paraendodôntica, têm adicionado índices de sucesso mais altos à prática odontológica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as manobras de apicectomia associadas à retrobturação com MTA e ao selamento apical com laser Nd:YAG (10Hz, 150mJ, 1,5W, 60s). Utilizou-se 40 dentes endodonticamente tratados e apicectomizados com broca diamantada em 90° com o longo eixo do dente. Foram formados, randomicamente, quatro grupos de amostras (n=10): (A – apicectomia, B – apicectomia e irradiação laser Nd:YAG, C – apicectomia+retrobturação com MTA, D – apicectomia+retrobturação com MTA e irradiação laser Nd:YAG). As amostras foram incluídas em resina epóxi e cortadas, primeiramente no sentido longitudinal, depois no sentido transversal. A análise por MEV demonstrou uma superfície apical mais homogênea e sem canalículos dentinários nos grupos B e D (p<0,01). Foram observadas fendas marginais, entre dentina e material obturador, em ordem decrescente de tamanho, desde o grupo B, grupo A, grupo D e grupo C (p<0,01). A análise por EDS indicou uma porcentagem maior de íons fósforo e menor de cálcio nos grupos irradiados com laser Nd:YAG. Em conclusão, esta pesquisa demonstra o efeito positivo da aplicação do laser Nd:YAG no selamento da superfície dentinária, apesar do efeito dimensional que causou na sua associação com o MTA.
Chan, Ambrose. "Neodymium:yag laser induced pulpal anaesthesia : a study investigating clinical efficacy and effects in teeth." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4634.
Full textGilbert, Philippe-Louis. "Traitement des tumeurs malignes rectosigmoidiennes du sujet age par laser nd-yag : a propos de 51 observations." Amiens, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AMIEM055.
Full textCharton, Stephane. "Contribution à l'étude du contrôle en ligne des opérations de soudage par laser ND : Yag impulsionnel." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS047.
Full textConfolent, Anne Sophie. "Cyclo-photocoagulation transclérale au laser Nd : Yag en mode thermique dans les glaucomes néo-vasculaires : étude réalisée à partir de 20 cas." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11007.
Full textZerbib, Frank. "Photocoagulation par le laser ND : YAG des tumeurs villeuses recto-coliques : expérience de 100 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR23114.
Full textCANUTO, Thais Sayonara Romão. "Avaliação comparativa do uso do laser de Nd:YAG ou cirurgia convencional no tratamento de hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/26360.
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CAPES
O objetivo desse estudo preliminar foi avaliar e comparar resultados clínicos pré, trans e pós-operatórios relacionados às exéreses de lesões diagnosticadas como hiperplasia fibrosa realizadas pela técnica convencional e com laser de Nd:YAG. Vinte pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos: G1 - cirurgia com laser de Nd:YAG (n=10) e G2 – cirurgia pela técnica convencional (n=10). O tamanho da lesão de hiperplasia fibrosa, consistência, tipo de inserção, medo pré-operatório, quantidade de tubetes anestésicos, intensidade de sangramento, tempo cirúrgico, necessidade de sutura e desconforto pós-operatório foram avaliados. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados com valor de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Não houve diferença relacionada ao medo pré-operatório entre os grupos (p=0,485). Do ponto de vista transcirúrgico foi observado um tempo médio de 2,7 minutos para o procedimento a laser contra 7,8 minutos no procedimento convencional (p=0,037). Os pacientes do grupo G1 apresentaram menor intensidade de sangramento (p=0,001), não necessitaram de sutura (p<0,001) e menor uso de analgésico no pós-cirúrgico (p=0,05). A presente pesquisa aponta vantagens nos resultados clínicos trans e pós-operatórios em tratamentos de hiperplasias fibrosas realizadas com laser de Nd:YAG, quando comparados com a cirurgia convencional. Estudos adicionais com um maior número de pacientes são necessários para melhor elucidar as vantagens da cirurgia a laser.
The aim of the study was to compare pre, trans and post surgery clinical results related to the exeresis of lesions diagnosed as imflammatory fibrous hyperplasia performed by the conventional technique compared to Nd: YAG laser. Twenty patients were divided into 2 groups: G1 - Nd: YAG laser surgery (n = 10) and G2 - conventional surgery (n = 10). The data were evaluated with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). From the transsurgical point of view, an average time of 2.7 minutes was observed for the laser procedure versus 7.8 minutes in the conventional procedure (p = <0.05). Patients in the G1 group had less bleeding (p = <0.05), discomfort only in the first hour after the surgical procedure and need for analgesics in only 10% of the patients, in the first 6 days after the procedure. Regarding the G2 group, there was a need for suture in all the exesions (p> 0.05), a greater bleeding and 50% of the patients used analgesics until eight days after surgery. The results of the present study indicate advantages in the accomplishment of exéreses of IFH lesions with the use of Nd:YAG laser when compared to conventional surgery. Additional studies with a greater number of patients are needed to better elucidate the advantages of laser therapy.
Dalgliesh, William Robert. "A theoretical and experimental study of the polarization states of a Nd³§+:YAG laser." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/NQ35138.pdf.
Full textEspírito, Santo Rachel Bertolani do. "Estudo de casos de pacientes portadores de onicomicose tratados com laser Nd : YAG 1.064 nm." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFES, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/1127.
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Onicomicose é a doença ungueal mais frequente, com prevalência estimada entre 2 e 8% da população. As estratégias de tratamentos atuais incluem uso de antifúngicos tópicos e orais, ambos geralmente com baixos índices de cura. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a resposta terapêutica ao laser Nd:YAG 1.064 nm no tratamento da onicomicose, bem como o método de avaliação clínica dessa terapia e os possíveis efeitos colaterais de seu uso. Foram revisados prontuários de 20 pacientes submetidos à laserterapia. Ao todo, 34 unhas afetadas foram avaliadas de acordo com o Índice de Severidade de Onicomicose (ISO). Esse índice analisa a área de envolvimento da unha, a proximidade da doença com a matriz ungueal, a ocorrência de dermatofitoma e a presença de hiperqueratose subungueal > 2 mm, gerando uma pontuação que classifica a onicomicose como leve, moderada ou grave. A determinação do ISO foi realizada antes do tratamento e após um período de acompanhamento, em média, de oito meses. A comparação entre o ISO Inicial e o ISO Final nas 34 unhas submetidas à laserterapia mostrou diferença significativa, porém, com baixa associação entre essas variáveis. Com relação à área de envolvimento e à pontuação numérica referente ao ISO, houve, no geral, uma redução dessas medidas. Esses dados apontam para uma tendência à melhora da onicomicose por meio do tratamento com o laser Nd:YAG 1.064 nm. O ISO permitiu uma análise clínica adequada da resposta à laserterapia. Os efeitos colaterais locais apresentados durante a aplicação do laser não causaram desconforto acentuado na maioria dos pacientes, demonstrando que o procedimento é bem tolerado.
Onychomycosis is the most common nail disease, with an estimated prevalence rate between 2 and 8% of the population. Current treatment strategies include the use of oral and topical antifungals, both having usually low cure rates. The aims of this study were to evaluate the therapeutic response to the 1.064 nm Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of onychomycosis, to evaluate the clinical assessment method of such therapy and the possible side-effects of the use of laser. The records of 20 patients undergoing laser therapy were reviewed. A total of 34 affected nails were assessed according to the Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI). This index examines the nail involvement area, the proximity of the disease to the nail matrix, the occurrence of dermatophytoma and the presence of subungual hyperkeratosis > 2 mm, generating a score that ranks onychomycosis as mild, moderate or severe. Determination of the OSI was performed before treatment and after in a follow-up period of 8 months on average. The comparison between the Initial and the Final OSI in the 34 nails undergoing laser therapy showed significant difference, with, however, weak association between those variables. In relation to the involvement area and the numerical score regarding the OSI there was, in general, a reduction in these measurements. These data indicate a trend towards the improvement of onychomycosis by means of treating with the 1.064 nm Nd:YAG laser. The OSI provided an adequate clinical analysis of the response to the laser therapy. The local side-effects experienced during the laser application did not cause accentuated discomfort in most patients, thus demonstrating that the treatment is well tolerated.
Cecchini, Silvia Cristina Mafra. ""Desinfecção da Dentina Radicular pela Irradiação dos Lasers de Nd: YAG e Er: YAG: um Modelo "in vitro""." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23135/tde-30082001-094604/.
Full textSUMMARY Disinfection of intracanal dentin by Nd:YAG, Ho:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation: an in vitro model A possible cause for root canal failure is the persistence of bacteria that have colonized dentinal tubules. To reduce this risk and, if possible, to also shorten the time-consuming endodontic therapy, new equipment and materials are constantly being introduced. The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of disinfection of dentinal tubules by intracanal laser irradiation using an in vitro model. The groups irradiated by various lasers were compared with calcium hydroxide, a material frequently used as intracanal medication between appointments. Freshly extracted, intact bovine incisors were used. The root cementum was removed and the teeth cut to produce 180 standardized specimens. For bacterial colonization, specimens were incubated at 37 o C in test tubes with Tryptic Soy Broth and Enterococcus faecalis, which carried a plasmid that allowed the growth in a selective medium containing chloramphenicol. The specimens were divided in five treatment groups and three control groups. For irradiation, pulsed delivered Ho:YAG laser at 2.1 µm, Nd:YAG laser (1.06 µm), and Er:YAG and Er:YAG laser (2.94µm) with and without air/water coolant, were used. Lasers groups received three different laser settings for treatment: output energy below the physical modification threshold (½ of PMT) for 60 sec, at the PMT for 60 sec and above the PMT (120 sec). Group 5 received a seven-day treatment with calcium hydroxide. As controls, three specimens for each treatment group received sterile water instead of bacteria (negative control), three received iodine potassium-iodide after bacterial exposure (negative control), and three did not receive treatment after bacterial exposure (positive control). The number of bacteria was estimated by counting CFU. In order to evaluate whether the lasers used in the experiment could be absorbed by the bacteria E. faecalis, an UV, VIS and NIR spectra were obtained using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis showed the bacterial reduction as follow: Ho:YAG laser > hidróxido de cálcio> Nd:YAG laser > Er:YAG laser with air/water coolant > Er:YAG laser without air/water coolant. There was a significantly higher bacterial reduction in the group irradiated by the Ho:YAG at the PMT (50mJ, 10 Hz, 66 J/cm 2 for 120 sec), followed by Ho:YAG irradiated at 50mJ, 10 Hz, 33 J/cm 2 for 60 sec, and the group that received calcium hydroxide. The latter two groups were not significantly different. The UV and VIS absorbance spectrum presented two absorbance peaks at 361nm and 337nm (UV). The NIR spectrum revealed a very low absorbance by the E. faecalis.
Origo, Fabio Dondeo. "Cristalização epitaxial de ligas de SiGe sobre GaAs por laser pulsado." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278005.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Neste trabalho se estudou pela primeira vez a cristalização e a epitaxia por laser pulsado para a obtenção de filmes de SixG e1-x(x = 0, 0.1, 0,25, 0,5, 0,75 e 1) sobre substratos de GaAs. Foram utilizados pulsos de laser de Nd:Yag ¿ l =532 nm ¿ com duração de 7ns e spot size de 2 a 3 mm. Camadas ou multicamadas amorfas de Ge, Si ou SiGe foram depositadas por , Ion Beam Sputtering sobre substratos epiready e não epiready de GaAs (100) à temperatura de 200 ºC. A espessura total dos filmes depositados era da ordem de 100 nm. Mostramos a eficácia da remoção de óxidos superficiais do GaAs (Ga2O3, As2O3 e As2O5) e contaminantes (C) através do bombardeamento do GaAs por feixe de H2+ (30 eV) após aquecimento a 350ºC. Demonstramos que filmes de a-Si0.1Ge0.9:H depositados com gás Kr são mais compactos que aqueles produzidos com Ar devido ao efeito de bombardeamento por partículas refletidas no alvo e por essa razão todos os filmes preparados para cristalização foram produzidos com Kr. Após irradiação com pulso entre 70 e 170 mJ, os filmes de Ge depositados sobre GaAs foram completamente liquefeitos por intervalo de até 20 ns e foram cristalizados. Dentro da área irradiada, quatro regiões foram identificadas, em ordem crescente da fluência ¿F- do laser: A) material que permaneceu amorfo (F<400 mJ/cm2), B) região policristalina (400 mJ/cm2
Física
Doutor em Ciências
RAMEIRO, Ana Carine Ferraz. "Avaliação comparativa entre o uso do laser de Nd: YAG ou cirurgia convencional em lesões compatíveis com granuloma piogênico." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25458.
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O Granuloma piogênico (GP) é uma proliferação de tecido conjuntivo a um estímulo ou lesão, geralmente solitária, séssil benigna apresentando-se como crescimento hemorrágico. O laser de Nd:YAG (λ=1.064 nm) é uma importante ferramenta de tratamento cirúrgico dos tecidos moles bucais, principalmente lesões vasculares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar à exérese de lesões diagnosticadas como granuloma piogênico através da técnica convencional em comparação com o laser de Nd: YAG (λ=1.064 nm) com base em parâmetros clínicos pré, trans e pós- cirúrgicos. Neste trabalho foram incluídos 30 pacientes, 15 deles submetidos à exéreses de lesões de granuloma piogênico pelo uso do Laser de Nd:YAG (λ=1.064 nm) (G1) e os demais pela técnica convencional (G2). Os dados foram avaliados com um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). No grupo submetido ao laser de Nd:YAG (λ=1.064 nm) observou-se uma diferença estatisticamente significante entre os pacientes quanto ao tempo médio gasto para a realização dos procedimentos cirúrgicos onde uso do laser reduziu o tempo em cerca de 3 minutos (p<0,001), houve uma menor ocorrência de sangramento durante a cirurgia (p<0,001) e uma reduzida necessidade de sutura. Os pacientes tratados através do método convencional relataram menor sensação de medo antes da cirurgia (p<0,001), necessitaram de uma menor quantidade de tubetes para anestesia infiltrativa (p<0,001). Com relação à dor sentida pelos pacientes no período pós-operatório foi observado que em ambos os grupos, passados quinze dias da cirurgia, não houve relato de dor moderada ou severa entre os pacientes. Os resultados apresentados são indicativos da superioridade do uso do laser de alta potência Nd:YAG (λ=1.064 nm) em cirurgias na cavidade oral.
Piogenic Granuloma (GP) is a proliferation of connective tissue to a stimulus or lesion, usually solitary, benign sessile presenting as hemorrhagic growth. The Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) is an important tool for the surgical treatment of oral soft tissues, mainly vascular lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the exertion of lesions diagnosed as pyogenic granuloma by the conventional technique in comparison with the Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) based on pre, trans and post- surgical clinical parameters. In this study 30 patients were included, 15 of them submitted to exogenous lesions of granuloma pyogenic by the use of Nd: YAG laser technique (λ = 1064 nm) (G1) and the others by the conventional technique (G2). The data were evaluated with a significance level of 5% (p <0.05). In the group submitted to Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm), a statistically significant difference was observed among patients regarding the average time spent performing the surgical procedures where laser use reduced the time in about 3 minutes (p < 0.001), there was a lower occurrence of bleeding during surgery (p <0.001) and a reduced need for suturing. Patients treated using the conventional method reported a lower sensation of fear of fear before surgery (p <0.001), requiring a smaller number of tubes for infiltrative anesthesia (p <0.001). Regarding the pain felt by the patients in the postoperative period, it was observed that in both groups, after fifteen days of surgery, there was no report of moderate or severe pain among the patients. The results presented are indicative of the superiority of the use of the high power laser Nd: YAG (λ = 1,064 nm) in surgeries in the oral cavity.
Fossa, João Sergio. "Desenvolvimento de um sistema óptico para microperfuração de materiais cerâmicos,metálicos e poliméricos utilizando laser nanopulsado de Nd:YAG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-19082015-114631/.
Full textIn this work, it was developed and characterized an optical apparatus that was used to generate holes in micrometric scale in several classes of materials. This system, based on the techniques of percussion and trepanning drilling, was connected to an industrial nanopulsed Nd:YAG laser operating in 532 nm. Its viability was analyzed for metallic aluminum, α−alumina ceramic, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and single crystalline silicon samples. It was verified that the trepanning method assisted by intense air jet had given the best conditions for the attainment of precise microdrillings. Electronic micrographs has proved that this technique results in symmetrical and precise microholes, generally without burrs. Their dimensions are evidently superior to those obtained by the percussion method, probably due to the different amounts of material processed in each technique. It was verified that the microholes diameters had varied approximately from 25 to 200 µm for percussion, while for the trepanning method they has varied from 50 to 240 µm, depending on the material properties and the applied fluence. A study about the drilling velocity in function of the incident fluence had proved the high dependence of the ablation rate with relation to the thermal and optical materials properties. The analysis of transversal cross−sections in microholes obtained by percussion and trepanning methods has also indicated the formation of internal deformations in materials with low drilling velocities, such as metallic aluminum and α−alumina. This phenomenon is directly associated with the plasma formed inside of some microcavities, mainly appling the trepanning method under lower fluence regimes. Studies in the thermally affected region in crystalline silicon, by micron-Raman spectroscopy, has also indicated the absence of induced tensions for both techniques employed, as well as indications of crystalline transitions between the cubic phase of the diamond (Si−I) and compact hexagonal (Si−IV); which were more pronounced in high incident fluences. In general way these results has contributed to the verification of the efficiency and viability of the developed system and to the precise characterization of microholes in metallic, ceramic and polymeric materials
Reda, Claude. "Cyclophotocoagulation transclérale de contact au laser Nd:Yag dans le traitement des glaucomes réfractaires : étude à propos de 47 cas." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11194.
Full textFavre, Sébastian. "Génération de deuxième et troisième harmonique avec un laser Nd : YAG en régime pulsé libre /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=2349.
Full textCrespo, Gillian da Silva [UNESP]. "Influência da potência de laser Nd: YAG na soldagem do aço inoxidável duplex UNS S32205." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113854.
Full textConduziu-se um estudo da soldagem laser na condição “bead on plate” no aço inoxidável duplex UNS S 32205 na forma de chapas com 3,0 x 20 x 45 mm (A x L x P). Realizou-se 12 soldas em atmosfera de gás argônio com fluxo de gás de 15 l/min, diâmetro de feixe de 0,2 mm, ângulo de 90º, taxa de repetição de 9 Hz, velocidade de soldagem de 150 mm/min, profundidades de foco iguais a 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mm abaixo da superfície da peça e energia do pulso (Ep) fixada em 6,0 J. A variação de potência foi obtida variando as larguras temporais (Lt) em valores de 4, 6, 8 e 10 ms. Os resultados foram analisados com base na relação entre potência, geometria do cordão de solda, balanço de fases ferrita/austenita, dureza Vickers e análise química. Para revelação dos metais de solda utilizou-se reagentes Behara modificado e eletrolítico com solução oxálica 10%. As medidas de geometria (largura e profundidade) dos cordões de solda foram realizadas através de imagens obtidas através de câmera digital em um microscópio óptico comum. O processamento das imagens foi realizado através do programa “Image J”, um software de edição de imagens de domínio público pautado na plataforma Java. Os maiores valores de largura e profundidade foram encontrados nos maiores valores de potência e o aumento do valor da posição focal acarretou em um aumento da variabilidade da média desses parâmetros geométricos. O valor do balanço ferrita/austenita para o metal base e metal de solda foi de 52/48 % e 70/30 % respectivamente. O valor médio da dureza para o metal base foi igual a 286 HV. Nos metais de solda e nas ZTAs a posição focal -1,5 mm apresentou os menores valores de dureza, independente da potência utilizada. A composição química dos elementos de liga não apresentou grandes variações entre os dados de fábrica e os obtidos para o metal base e o metal de solda
We carried out a study of laser welding provided bead on plate in duplex stainless steel UNS S 32205 in the form of plates with 3,0 x 20 x 45 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argon gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9 Hz, welding speed of 150 mm / min, gas depths focus equal to 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 6,0 J. The power variation was obtained by varying the time width (Lt) at values of 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, balance ferrite/austenite phases, Vickers hardness and chemical analysis. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Behara modified and electrolyte with 10% oxalic solution reagents. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Image processing was performed using the Image J program, a graphics editing software in the public domain lined on Java platform. The highest values of width and depth were found in higher values of power and increasing the value of the focal position resulted in an increase in the variability of the mean of these geometrical parameters. The balance sheet value of the ferrite/austenite for the base metal and weld metal was 52/48 % and 70/30% respectively. The average hardness for the base metal was equal to 286 HV. In weld metals and the ZTAs focal position -1.5 mm had the lowest hardness values, regardless of power used. The chemical composition of alloying elements did not show large variations between factory data and those obtained for the base metal and the weld metal
Sanitá, Willian Roberto Valicelli [UNESP]. "Análise de juntas soldadas de aço API 5L X-70 com laser Nd: YAG pulsado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149831.
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Conduziu-se um estudo da soldagem laser na condição “bead on plate” no aço microligado ARBL API 5L Gr. X70 na forma de chapas com 1,0 x 20 x 120 mm (A x L x P). Realizou-se 12 soldas em atmosfera de gás argônio com fluxo de gás de 15 l/min, diâmetro de feixe de 0,2 mm, ângulo de 90º, taxa de repetição de 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 Hz, velocidade de soldagem de 1 mm/s, profundidades de foco iguais a 0,57 mm abaixo da superfície da peça e energia do pulso (Ep) fixada em 10,0 J. A largura temporal (Lt) foi mantida em 10 ms. O aporte térmico foi variado em 90, 80, 70, 60 e 50 J/ mm. Os resultados foram analisados com base na relação entre potência, geometria do cordão de solda, corrosão, dureza Vickers e microestrutura. Para revelação dos metais de solda utilizou-se reagente Nital 5%. As medidas de geometria (largura e profundidade) dos cordões de solda foram realizadas através de imagens obtidas em câmera digital em um microscópio óptico comum. Foram realizados ensaios de microscopia em microscópio eletrônico de varredura em detector retroespalhado (BSD), afim de verificar com maior clareza as microestruturas das amostras. Para verificação da resistência mecânica foi ensaio de tração nas amostras e no metal de base sem a inserção de entalhe. Para verificação de dureza foram analisados quatro parâmetros sendo eles três linhas horizontais e uma linha vertical no centro do cordão de solda. Para verificação da corrosão foi conduzido ensaio em um potenciostato para ensaio de polarização potenciodinâmica onde foram analisadas as curvas de polarização. Os maiores valores de largura profundidade foram encontrados em maiores valores de potência e largura temporal. As microestruturas das amostras apresentaram formações de ferrita acicular, ferrita alotriomórfica e possíveis elevados teores de martensita no caso das amostras de menor aporte térmico (60 e 50 J/ mm). Todas as amostras apresentaram maior resistência mecânica do que o metal de base, visto que todas romperam no metal de base. Os coeficientes de dureza se mostraram mais elevados para amostras de menor aporte térmico. As resistência de corrosão se mantiveram próximas ao metal base e alguns casos superiores (Ap 70 J/ mm) , visto que provavelmente tenha se formado um filme passivo de óxido após processo de soldagem, resultando em maior resistência.
We carried out a study of laser welding provided "bead on plate" in micro-alloyed steel ARBL API 5L Gr. X70 in the form of plates with 1,0 x 20 x 120 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argonic gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 Hz, welding speed of 1 mm/s, gas depths focus equal to 0,57 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 10,0 J. The time width (Lt) set at 10 ms. The heat input was varied at 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 J/mm. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, corrosion, Vickers hardness, chemical analysis and microstructure. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Nital 5%. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Microscopy tests were carried out using a scanning electron microscope in a backscattered detector (BSD), in order to verify with greater clarity the microstructures of the samples. For verification of mechanical strength was tensile test on samples and base metal without notch insertion. For verification of hardness were analyzed four parameters being three horizontal lines and a vertical line in the center of the weld bead. To verify the corrosion, a potentiostat test was conducted for potentiodynamic polarization test where the polarization curves were analyzed. The greatest values of depth width were found in higher values of power and temporal width. The microstructures of the samples showed formations of acicular ferrite, allotriomorphic ferrite and possible high martensite contents in the case of samples with lower heat input (60 and 50 J / mm). All samples showed higher mechanical strength than the base metal, since all of them broke in the base metal. The coefficients of hardness were higher for samples with lower thermal input. The corrosion resistance remained close to the base metal and some higher cases (Ap 70 J / mm), since a passive oxide film probably formed after welding, resulting in higher strength.
Crespo, Gillian da Silva. "Influência da potência de laser Nd: YAG na soldagem do aço inoxidável duplex UNS S32205 /." Ilha Solteira, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113854.
Full textCo-orientador: Ruís Camargo Tokimatsu
Banca: Wyser José Yamakami
Banca: Angelo Caporalli Filho
Resumo: Conduziu-se um estudo da soldagem laser na condição "bead on plate" no aço inoxidável duplex UNS S 32205 na forma de chapas com 3,0 x 20 x 45 mm (A x L x P). Realizou-se 12 soldas em atmosfera de gás argônio com fluxo de gás de 15 l/min, diâmetro de feixe de 0,2 mm, ângulo de 90º, taxa de repetição de 9 Hz, velocidade de soldagem de 150 mm/min, profundidades de foco iguais a 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 mm abaixo da superfície da peça e energia do pulso (Ep) fixada em 6,0 J. A variação de potência foi obtida variando as larguras temporais (Lt) em valores de 4, 6, 8 e 10 ms. Os resultados foram analisados com base na relação entre potência, geometria do cordão de solda, balanço de fases ferrita/austenita, dureza Vickers e análise química. Para revelação dos metais de solda utilizou-se reagentes Behara modificado e eletrolítico com solução oxálica 10%. As medidas de geometria (largura e profundidade) dos cordões de solda foram realizadas através de imagens obtidas através de câmera digital em um microscópio óptico comum. O processamento das imagens foi realizado através do programa "Image J", um software de edição de imagens de domínio público pautado na plataforma Java. Os maiores valores de largura e profundidade foram encontrados nos maiores valores de potência e o aumento do valor da posição focal acarretou em um aumento da variabilidade da média desses parâmetros geométricos. O valor do balanço ferrita/austenita para o metal base e metal de solda foi de 52/48 % e 70/30 % respectivamente. O valor médio da dureza para o metal base foi igual a 286 HV. Nos metais de solda e nas ZTAs a posição focal -1,5 mm apresentou os menores valores de dureza, independente da potência utilizada. A composição química dos elementos de liga não apresentou grandes variações entre os dados de fábrica e os obtidos para o metal base e o metal de solda
Abstract: We carried out a study of laser welding provided "bead on plate" in duplex stainless steel UNS S 32205 in the form of plates with 3,0 x 20 x 45 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argon gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9 Hz, welding speed of 150 mm / min, gas depths focus equal to 1,0; 1,5 and 2,0 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 6,0 J. The power variation was obtained by varying the time width (Lt) at values of 4, 6, 8 and 10 ms. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, balance ferrite/austenite phases, Vickers hardness and chemical analysis. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Behara modified and electrolyte with 10% oxalic solution reagents. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Image processing was performed using the "Image J" program, a graphics editing software in the public domain lined on Java platform. The highest values of width and depth were found in higher values of power and increasing the value of the focal position resulted in an increase in the variability of the mean of these geometrical parameters. The balance sheet value of the ferrite/austenite for the base metal and weld metal was 52/48 % and 70/30% respectively. The average hardness for the base metal was equal to 286 HV. In weld metals and the ZTAs focal position -1.5 mm had the lowest hardness values, regardless of power used. The chemical composition of alloying elements did not show large variations between factory data and those obtained for the base metal and the weld metal
Mestre
Sanitá, Willian Roberto Valicelli. "Análise de juntas soldadas de aço API 5L X-70 com laser Nd : YAG pulsado /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149831.
Full textResumo: We carried out a study of laser welding provided "bead on plate" in micro-alloyed steel ARBL API 5L Gr. X70 in the form of plates with 1,0 x 20 x 120 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argonic gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 Hz, welding speed of 1 mm/s, gas depths focus equal to 0,57 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 10,0 J. The time width (Lt) set at 10 ms. The heat input was varied at 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 J/mm. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, corrosion, Vickers hardness, chemical analysis and microstructure. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Nital 5%. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Microscopy tests were carried out using a scanning electron microscope in a backscattered detector (BSD), in order to verify with greater clarity the microstructures of the samples. For verification of mechanical strength was tensile test on samples and base metal without notch insertion. For verification of hardness were analyzed four parameters being three horizontal lines and a vertical line in the center of the weld bead. To verify the corrosion, a potentiostat test was conducted for potentiodynamic polarization test where the polarization curves were analyzed. The greatest values of depth width were found i... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Theron, Maritha. "Quenching and tempering effects on Rheo-cast F357 aluminium alloy during Nd: YAG laser welding." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26148.
Full textHaboudou, Aïcha. "Caractérisation, modélisation et maîtrise des porosités créées lors du soudage laser Nd-YAG d'alliages d'aluminium." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECDL0001.
Full textAluminium alloys have received an increasing interest (aeronautics, car manufacturing) in the view of lightening the structures allowing an economy of energy. The use of these materials needs to develop joining processes as the laser welding. This process seems promising for aluminium alloys. Nevertheless, porosities are evidences attributed to the vaporisation of elements like aluminium and degazing of hydrogen. These porosities are harmful for mechanical properties of the welds. In this study, we will evaluate the weldability by laser beam of two aluminium alloys, respectively, the AA5083 and the A356. The metallurgical factors (vaporisation, surface state) and process parameters (dual beam configuration) will be analysed. A metallurgical characterisation of the welds (X-ray radiographs, densitometry results, hardness) and also a process visualisation would be carried out
Damião, Alvaro Jose. "Processo de deposição e propriedades de filmes de dióxido de titânio obtidos por "laser ablation"." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278417.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Este trabalho descreve os estudos do processo de deposição a laser de TiO2, assim como algumas propriedades dos alvos utilizados e dos filmes depositados. O objetivo era a obtenção de filmes para serem utilizados como elemento de composição em componentes ópticos de precisão. Foram utilizados três diferentes lasers pulsados: CO2, Nd:YAG e Vapor de Cobre, oscilando nos comprimentos de onda tradicionais, ou seja, sem dobrar freqüências de emissão. A taxa de repetição dos lasers variou de 1 Hz para o laser de CO2 até 18 kHz para o laser de vapor de co-bre. Os lasers e a câmara de evaporação foram desenvolvidos no Instituto de Estudos Avançados IEAv - CTA, onde os trabalhos de deposição foram realizados. A espessura dos filmes depositados foi obtida por três processos diferentes: balança, osci-lador/cristal de quartzo e interferometria, a fim de verificar se havia influência do processo de de-posição no comportamento do cristal de quartzo. Como não houve influência, foram obtidos então os resultados de taxa de deposição, como função do tempo para diferentes condições de deposi-ção. Os alvos foram tratados termicamente, para verificar a influência do material de partida, não tendo sido observadas diferenças nos filmes obtidos. Os filmes foram caracterizados por téc-nicas ópticas (Método do Envelope), difração de raios X, XPS e microscopia eletrônica de varre-dura. Foram obtidos filmes uniformes, aparentemente sem os defeitos normalmente causados pela deposição a laser. Os filmes, como depositados, apresentaram alguma absorção, o que invia-biliza a sua utilização sem tratamento térmico
Abstract: This work presents the results of a laser deposition process of TiO2, target and thin film properties. The aim was to obtain thin films to be part of a multilayer coating for precision optical components. Three different pulsed lasers were used to deposit the films: CO2, Nd:YAG and Copper Vapor Lasers, LVC, all of them oscillating in their natural modes, i.e., without any apparatus to double the emission frequency. The repetition rate of the laser was as low as 1 Hz for CO2 and as high as 18kHz for LVC. The evaporation chamber and the lasers were developed at the Instituto de Estudos Avançados, IEAv-CTA, where the films were deposited. Mass measurement, quartz crystal oscillator and interferometry evaluated the films thick-ness, to check if the deposition process could affect the results obtained by the crystal oscillator. As no influence was detected, the crystal oscillator was used to measure the deposition rate of the films, as function of time, for different deposition conditions. The targets received a thermal treatment, to verify the influence of starting materials on the obtained films. The films were analyzed by Envelop Method (optical properties), X-ray, XPS and SEM. Uniform films were obtained, without the defects normally found when using laser deposi-tion. Films deposited at room temperature (as deposited) presented some absorption, which obliges the use of thermal treatment
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências