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Journal articles on the topic 'NC Verification'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Oliver, J. H., and E. D. Goodman. "Direct dimensional NC verification." Computer-Aided Design 22, no. 1 (January 1990): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(90)90023-6.

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2

KIM, C. B., S. PARK, and M. Y. YANG. "Verification of NC tool path and manual and automatic editing of NC code." International Journal of Production Research 33, no. 3 (March 1995): 659–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207549508930172.

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3

Zhun, Wang. "Research to the Overall Design of 4-Axis VMC Based on CAD and NC Mfg Verification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 607 (July 2014): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.607.577.

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The author studied the 4-axis Vertical MC (VMC)，designed and created its general layout feature mode in one CAD platform (the author used Solidworks) with the engineer’s natural thought manner: topdown. The 4-axis VMC’s NC machining simulation is also carried out in one NC mfg verification tool (the author selected Vericut), and the conformability and compatibility are confirmed. The following conclusions can be summarized: the modern NC machine tool designer and user can promote their production quality, efficiency, cost reduction goals with the help of the integration between the CAD and NC mfg verification technology.
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4

Yang, Jingzhou, and Karim Abdel-Malek. "Verification of NC machining processes using swept volumes." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 28, no. 1-2 (June 29, 2005): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-004-2352-8.

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5

WEIN, RON, OLEG ILUSHIN, GERSHON ELBER, and DAN HALPERIN. "CONTINUOUS PATH VERIFICATION IN MULTI-AXIS NC-MACHINING." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 15, no. 04 (August 2005): 351–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195905001749.

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We introduce a new approach to the problem of collision detection between a rotating milling-cutter of an NC-machine and a model of a solid workpiece, as the rotating cutter continuously moves near the workpiece. Having five degrees of motion freedom, this problem is hard to solve exactly and we approximate the motion of the tool by a sequence of sub-paths of pure translations interleaved with pure rotations. The collision-detection problem along each sub-path is then solved by using radial projection of the obstacles (the workpiece and the static parts of the NC-machine) around the tool axis to obtain a collection of critical surface patches in ℝ3, and by examining planar silhouettes of these surface patches. We thus reduce the problem to successive computations of the lower envelope of a set of planar curves, which we intersect with the profile of the tool. Our reduction is exact, and incurs no loss of accuracy. We have implemented our algorithm in the IRIT environment for solid modeling, using an extension package of the CGAL library for computing envelopes. The algorithm, combined with the proper data structures, solves the collision detection problem in a robust manner, yet it yields efficient computation times as our experiments show. Our approach produces exact results in case of purely translational motion, and provides guaranteed (and good) approximation bounds in case the motion includes rotation.
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6

Li, Xian Yi, Jian Zhong Fu, and Ji Qiang Li. "Key Technologies Research for Impellers Machining Based on NX." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 1031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.1031.

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Tool path generation, post-processing and verification and simulation of NC program are key technologies which are investigated in this research for manufacturing impellers. Generation of tool path aims at producing the cutting tool path. Post-processing transforms the cutter location file (CLSF file) of the tool path to the NC code which NC machine can recognize. Verification and simulation of NC program aims at proving the accuracy of program, thus the interference and collision can be avoided. When tool path is planned, increasing the machining efficiency during the rough and semi-finish milling process is the main consideration. Increasing machining accuracy is an important consideration for final finish milling.
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7

Han, Liu, and Ping He. "A Rapid Cam Design and Manufacturing System and its Verification." Advanced Materials Research 320 (August 2011): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.320.185.

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A rapid cam design and manufacturing simulation system is developed. The system consists of some modules which can be easily extended or updated. In the design module, the profile of disc cam is generated by defining some parameters – rise allowable pressure angle, return allowable pressure angle, the radius of curvature of cam profile etc. And the kinematics analysis of cam is also calculated in this module. Then the profile is transferred into Catia for generating a three dimensional geometry of the cam, and NC program is generated. Last, the NC program is verified by Yulong NC simulation system.
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8

Srinivasa Rao, S., B. Satyanarayana, and M. M. M. Sarcar. "Simulated verification of NC part programs from 2D images." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 24, no. 9 (September 2011): 800–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2011.575180.

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9

Miao, Ying, Xiaowen Song, Jun Wang, and Zhonghua Lu. "NC machining verification algorithm based on the STL model." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 110, no. 5-6 (August 20, 2020): 1153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05867-w.

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10

Liu, Chonglin, Donald M. Esterling, Josep Fontdecaba, and Eric Mosel. "Dimensional verification of NC machining profiles using extended quadtrees." Computer-Aided Design 28, no. 11 (November 1996): 845–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(95)00077-1.

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11

Yang, Minyang, and Eungki Lee. "NC verification for wire-EDM using an R-map." Computer-Aided Design 28, no. 9 (September 1996): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4485(95)00079-8.

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12

Vorkapić, Nikola, Saša Živanović, Zoran Dimić, Branko Kokotović, and Nikola Slavković. "Virtual horizontal machining center LOLA HBG 80 for program verification and monitoring." FME Transactions 49, no. 3 (2021): 696–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fme2103696v.

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This paper describes configuring the virtual horizontal machining center LOLA HBG80 within the programming and verification system and the open architecture control system. The horizontal machining center LOLA HBG 80 is represented by an equivalent virtual machine in a CAD/CAM environment (PTC Creo and Catia), STEP-NC Machine environment, and the control system. Virtual simulation is essential for machining, and the developed virtual machines are used for program verification and monitoring of the machining process. The virtual machine in the programming system allows the verification of the program before sending it to the real machine and includes verification of the tool path (CLF-Cutter Location File) and G-code. The paper also discusses the possibility of applying a new programming method known as STEP-NC and preparing an adequate environment that includes a virtual machine. The virtual machine in the control system represents the last level for the final program verification and the process monitoring system.
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13

Zhang, Li Qiang, Yu Han Wang, and Ming Chen. "The Study of Five-Axis Graphic Simulation by Swept Volume Algorithm." Key Engineering Materials 375-376 (March 2008): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.375-376.569.

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Five-axis NC machining tools can improve the efficiency and accuracy obviously in today’s machining industries, but the machining errors and tool interference are likely to happen due to the complexity of tool motion. So the verification of the tool path is very important and necessary before machining the part. A new algorithm for 5-axis machining verification based on the swept volume has been presented in the paper. Based on the machine tool path and the cutter geometry, the cutter’s instantaneous swept profile is determined. By integrating the intermediate swept volume, the cutter’s swept envelope can be constructed and applied to NC verification. The algorithm has been implemented through Visual C++ and OpenGL language on Windows XP platform; a few examples are to verify the reliability of the proposed algorithms effectively. The experiment results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the traditional methods on the processing time and image quality. This proposed algorithm can be further applied to machining error analysis, collisions interference and NC path optimization, etc.
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14

Gao, Dong, Ying Xue Yao, Wing Bun Lee, and Chi Fai Cheung. "A Framework of a NC Program Translator for Virtual Machining." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 782–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.782.

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Virtual manufacturing (VM) is an emerging technology that provides a digital tool for the optimization of the production efficiency through simulations prior to the start of actual production. A NC program translator is one of the crucial components for virtual machining which allows the simulation and verification of NC tool path before actual machining. In this paper, a framework of a NC program translator for diamond turning of precision optics is presented.
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15

Wang, Zhen Bo, Shu Zhi Li, and Liang Zhang. "High-Speed Machining Time Model Prediction of Combination Framework Based on BP Neutral Network." Materials Science Forum 800-801 (July 2014): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.800-801.296.

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The process parameter prediction and analysis of high-speed NC machining of cast aluminum combination framework is one of the important research directions of mechanical processing. In order to make sure predicting the high-speed NC machining parameters of cast aluminum framework while machining、improve production efficiency、reduce the requirement for machine tool accuracy and technology level of operating personnel, established high-speed NC machining system time forecast model of combination framework applying BP neural network, doing corresponding verification of high-speed NC machining process parameters, then designed a set of process suitable for cast aluminum combination framework high-speed NC machining, providing feasible solution for high precision machining.
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16

Li, Tie Gang, Dong Mei Liu, Zhi Guang Fan, Chun Lin Fu, and Wan Shan Wang. "Design of a Generic Postprocessor Based on UG." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 625–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.625.

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With the development of NC machine tool and NC machining, the postprocessor is play a vital role increasingly, which is an interface of operations in CAM and NC machine tools transformed cutter location data into machining control data. The general kinematics model of various machine tools was constructed by analysis of machine tools configuration and NC control systems. The coordinates were of machining files calculated using Coordinate transformation matrix in the process of post-processing. Finally, a postprocessor develop by VC++ and secondary development tool in UG, through the implementation of the postprocessor and the verification with the commercial NC simulation software VERICUT as well as the machining experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed methods were demonstrated.
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17

SIELING, DETLEF, and INGO WEGENER. "NC-ALGORITHMS FOR OPERATIONS ON BINARY DECISION DIAGRAMS." Parallel Processing Letters 03, no. 01 (March 1993): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626493000022.

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(Ordered) binary decision diagrams are a powerful representation for Boolean functions and are widely used in logical synthesis, verification, test pattern generation or as part of CAD tools. NC-algorithms are presented for the most important operations on this representation, e.g. evaluation for a given input, minimization, satisfiability, redundancy test, replacement of variables by constants or functions, equivalence test and synthesis. The algorithms have logarithmic run time on CRCW COMMON PRAMs with a polynomial number of processors.
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18

Chung, Yun C., Jung W. Park, Hayong Shin, and Byoung K. Choi. "Modeling the surface swept by a generalized cutter for NC verification." Computer-Aided Design 30, no. 8 (July 1998): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4485(97)00033-x.

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19

Baek, Dae Kyun, and Tae Jo Ko. "Feedrate scheduling for free-form surface using an NC verification model." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 48, no. 2 (February 2008): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2007.08.024.

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20

Wang, Yu Han, Li Qiang Zhang, and Ming Chen. "The Study of Five-Axis NC Simulation by Stencil Buffer Algorithm." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 869–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.869.

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Five-axis CNC machining tools can improve the efficiency and accuracy obviously in machining industries, but the machining errors and tool interference are likely to happen due to the complexity of tool motion. So the verification of the tool path is very important and necessary before machining the part. A new algorithm for 5-axis machining verification based on the stencil buffer has been presented in the paper. Based on the tool path and the cutter geometry, the cutter’s swept profile is determined. The swept envelope is subtracted from the sliced blank part model by using the stencil buffer. Considering the complexity of five-axis tool motions, examples are necessary to verify the reliability of the proposed algorithms. The experiment results indicate that the method is superior to the traditional methods on the processing time and the image quality. This proposed method can further be applied to machining error analysis, collisions interference.
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21

Chen, Tian, Zhong Hai Yu, Di Shi Liu, and Jing Wang. "NC Machining and Simulation for Large Channel Head." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2110.

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As one of the key components of nuclear power equipment, large nuclear power head has a complicate shape, great allowance of processing and difficult to produce. There is no any successful experience for reference. In this paper, one type of nuclear power head is our research object. We mainly researched on the NC processing programming of large nuclear power head and implemented processing simulation by alternative applying variety of processing methods, including calculation and simulation of tool path, generation of pre-processing files, and development of post-processor based on specific milling processing center, and the generation of NC codes. Finally, through Vericut, the simulation software platform, simulation verification of NC codes was implemented. The results indicated that the processing scheme was reasonable, NC codes were right and there was no phenomenon of over-cutting and under-cutting happening.
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22

Leu, Ming C., Liping Wang, and Denis Blackmore. "A Verification Program for 5-Axis NC Machining with General APT Tools." CIRP Annals 46, no. 1 (1997): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-8506(07)60856-7.

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23

Abdel-Malek, Karim, Walter Seaman, and Harn-Jou Yeh. "NC Verification of Up to 5 Axis Machining Processes Using Manifold Stratification." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 123, no. 1 (November 1, 1999): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286168.

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A numerically controlled machining verification method is developed based on a formulation for delineating the volume generated by the motion of a cutting tool on the workpiece (stock). Varieties and subvarieties that are subsets of some Eucledian space defined by the zeros of a finite number of analytic functions are computed and are characterized as closed form equations of surface patches of this volume. The motion of a cutter tool is modeled as a surface undergoing a sweep operation along another geometric entity. A topological space describing the swept volume will be built as a stratified space with corners. Singularities of the variety are loci of points where the Jacobian of the manifold has lower rank than maximal. It is shown that varieties appearing inside the manifold representing the removed material are due to a lower degree strata of the Jacobian. Some of the varieties are complicated and will be shown to be reducible because of their parametrization and are addressed. Benefits of this method are evident in its ability to depict the manifold and to compute a value for the volume.
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24

Nakamoto, K., K. Shirase, Akifumi Morishita, E. Arai, and T. Moriwaki. "A New Architecture of Tool Path Generation for Five-Axis Control Machining." Key Engineering Materials 291-292 (August 2005): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.291-292.501.

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NC machine tools, which are widely employed in manufacturing systems, are basically driven by NC programs. However, it requires extensive amount of time and efforts to generate high quality tool paths before a machining operation. An NC program for five-axis control machining is more difficult to generate because the motion of machine tool is more complicated. In this paper, a new architecture is proposed to autonomously control the machine tool without an NC program for more rapid and flexible machining. A technique called digital copy milling is developed to generate the tool paths in real time based on the principle of copy milling. It means that the cutting parameters can be adaptively controlled in order to maintain stable cutting process and to avoid the cutting troubles. In the experimental verification, the improved digital copy milling system for five-axis control milling successfully detected and avoided tool collision in real-time.
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25

Ge, Shu Yun, Xiang He Qiao, Yao Ye, Hao Hao Chen, and Yong Xiang Li. "Application Analysis of Machining Simulation and Post-Processing of NC Turning Center." Key Engineering Materials 620 (August 2014): 522–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.522.

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NC machining simulation, as one of the key technology in the field of CAD/CAM, can effectively check out the interference collisions that may occur in the machining process, significantly improve the safety usage of NC machine tools, has important practical significance to prevent the occurrence of machine accidents. Based on the integrated simulation module of UG NX software, this paper established the simulation model of NC turning center and elaborated the establishing process of machining simulation system, including the creation and verification of tool path, the digital model assembly, machine driver and motion model and so on. So tool path simulation and processing simulation were achieved, and the phenomenon of over-cutting and under-cutting between the parts and the cutting tool can be discovered timely. Meanwhile, on the basis of UG/Post module, the special postprocessor for NC turning center was developed to automatically output NC program, and the generated NC program can directly enter the NC machine tool for processing without manual modification, which will improve the efficiency and quality of automatic programming of machine tools, thereby shortening production cycle and reducing processing costs. Finally, the product processing examples verify the correctness and practicability of the special post-processor and process simulation system.
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26

Sikora, Piotr, Marcin Sobiegraj, and Andrzej Zaborski. "Computer verification of the production cycle implemented on swiss-type lathe." Mechanik 91, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 558–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2018.7.83.

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The study presents the possibility of using CAD/CAM systems for computer simulation of the process of making the detail on a numeric processing machine. The paper describes an exemplary process of verification of the element’s creation using SD EDITOR software and the actual creation of the product on the Star ECAS-20 longitudinal automatic machine based on the verified NC code.
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27

Petrů, Jan, Michal Kludka, Vladislav Krivda, Ivana Mahdalova, and Karel Zeman. "VERIFICATION OF CENSUS DEVICES IN TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH." Acta Polytechnica 55, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2015.55.0415.

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The article presents a comparison of three devices and two methods that are used to count traffic flow. All measurements were carried out at a roundabout in Ostrava, where the following devices were used: Viacount II, Icoms TSM-SA, and Nu-Metrics NC-200 traffic analyzers. The methods of manual counting of vehicles and of counting vehicles based on video footage were used. The article also provides a comparison of the results obtained, namely in terms of traffic intensity, and of the measurements of the length and speed of vehicles. Further, we evaluate the results and explore the deviations from reality and the reasons why they occur. The article concludes with the recommended procedure designed to eliminate the identified problems, in order to ensure the most accurate results, with no significant deviations.
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28

Zhou, Yuan Sheng, Xu Jing Yang, and Ze Zhong Chevy Chen. "Vector Calculation for Tool Envelope Surface in Five-Axis NC Machining." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1242.

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A vector calculation method is proposed to compute the tool envelope surface in five-axis machining. By introducing the typical five-axis machine tool motion, the velocity of cutter is obtained with rigid body motion theory. Based on envelope theory and some geometric characteristic of the cutter, the envelope condition is be simplified to find the grazing point with vector calculation method. The results can be applied to NC machining simulation, toolpath verification and optimization.
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29

Blackmore, D., MC Leu, and L. P. Wang. "The sweep-envelope differential equation algorithm and its application to NC machining verification." Computer-Aided Design 29, no. 9 (September 1997): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-4485(96)00101-7.

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30

Oliver, J. H. "Efficient Intersection of Surface Normals With Milling Tool Swept Volumes for Discrete Three-Axis NC Verification." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2916944.

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An efficient algorithm is presented for intersecting vectors with swept solids which represent three-axis numerically controlled (NC) milling tool motions. The intersection calculation proceeds in hierarchical steps through a series of progressively more exact definitions of the shape of the tool swept volume. At each step, results of intermediate calculations are used to determine whether intersection with an exact representation of the solid is possible and, if so, where and how the swept volume model must be refined for the next step. This structure ensures that superfluous intersection calculations are minimized. This intersection technique has been successfully implemented as part of an algorithm for automatic verification of three-axis NC milling programs, and may also be useful for applications in robotics and factory automation.
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31

Chen, Yan, Jian Hao Tan, Xiang Jun Zou, Li Juan Chen, Bo Li, and Jing Wang. "Research on the NC Woodworking Curve Band Saw CAM." Key Engineering Materials 621 (August 2014): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.621.101.

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To achieve the processing program and simulation verification on NC Woodworking Curve Band Saw (WCBS) that facilitates the industrialization and practicality of the woodworking machinery, the articles proposes the CAM system modules by the analysis of its composition structure and working principle of the machine and the building-up of its kinematics model. The article also explains the basic functions for each module and develops the CAM systems of MJS1325 WCBS with the use of VC++ and OpenGL. Reading and analyzing the CAD work piece graphics files, the CAM systems is able to generate the NC program and realize the simulation of machining in whole visual process environment including saws, fixtures, belt saw and work piece, etc. The CAM systems pass the prototype test and see a favorable effect.
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32

Zhou, Li Bo, Fu Lin Xu, and Zhi Xiong Shen. "Research on Simulation of Virtual NC Lathe Machining Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 552 (June 2014): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.552.381.

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Virtual NC lathe machining simulation system is carried out with Visual C++ and Open Inventor software. The system possesses visible UI, interactive inputting workpiece and machining parameters, the integration of geometric simulation and physical simulation, all the simulation functions including real-time display machining process, tool moving, workpiece geometry shape change, the generation and movement of iron simulation, workpiece pressure shape change could be realized. Tool temperature analysis and stress & strain analysis are simulated in the cutting process by FEM. The simulation results show the high efficiency of the simulation algorithm, reasonable simulation results, lifelike. The practice and training could be replaced by the virtual one. The system is applied to verification of NC code, quality evaluation of machine operators, operators, CNC programming staff training and other functions.
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33

Zhu, Hu, Nan Li, and Jin Ju. "Research on the Simulation for Sheet Metal NC Incremental Forming." Applied Mechanics and Materials 441 (December 2013): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.441.498.

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In the sheet metal CNC incremental forming, the forming is realized by its tool's step by step and point by point extrusion movements along the pre-programmed contour tool path in the outline of the sheet part. Therefore, the correctness of the forming path used to control the tool's movement has a magnificent impact on the forming quality. And a NC incremental forming process simulation method which is used to verify the correctness is showed in this paper. Meanwhile the simulation software system is developed by using VC++ and OpenGL. The case study shows that the software system can be used in the verification of NC incremental forming path and the motion analysis of forming tool, and the software system runs steadily and reliably.
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34

Dhamija, Dinesh, David A. Koonce, and Robert P. Judd. "Development of a unified data meta-model for CAD-CAPP-MRP-NC verification integration." Computers & Industrial Engineering 33, no. 1-2 (October 1997): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-8352(97)00031-4.

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35

She, Chen Hua, Wen Yuh Jywe, and Jheng Jie Huang. "Measuring Path without Tool Center Point Function for B-Type Five-Axis Machine Tool." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.493.

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Five-axis machine tools with three linear axes and two rotary axes can produce complex products with free-form surfaces requiring a high degree of precision. However, motion errors of each axis and its assembly error are accumulated in the positioning error of the cutting tool relative to a workpiece. There are many devices reported in the literature on the identification of kinematic errors based on the measurement of the motion error. According to the measurement paths in the ISO draft, ISO/CD 10791-6, the kinematic tests can be applicable to different configurations of five-axis machine tools. However, the advanced controller with tool center point (TCP) function is required while performing kinematic tests. This paper proposed the methodology of generating measurement path without TCP function for B-type five-axis machine tool. The developed module can transform the measuring path into an NC program used for lower hand controller. Verification using VERICUT solid cutting simulation software demonstrated the veracity of the generated five-axis NC code. The proposed methodology is applicable in a wide range of five-axis machine tool configurations; however, further testing with actual measuring applications will be required for further verification.
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36

Luther, Mark E., Guy Meadows, Earle Buckley, Sherryl A. Gilbert, Heidi Purcell, and Mario N. Tamburri. "Verification of Wave Measurement Systems." Marine Technology Society Journal 47, no. 5 (September 1, 2013): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.5.11.

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AbstractGiven the societal importance of reliable and accurate ocean observations, the wave monitoring community (including academic researchers, agency scientists, resource managers, and representatives from wave instrument manufacturers) came together to develop a set of protocols for the test and evaluation of wave measurement systems in support of the 2009 National Operational Wave Observation Plan. These protocols are focused on a wide range of wave measurement instruments and their respective performance in successfully recovering the “First-5” Fourier components of the incident wave field. Performance is determined by comparing each system’s output with a verifiable reference method over a predetermined range of wave frequencies. It is recommended that permanent wave test facilities are created on the West Coast (Monterey Bay, CA—deep water) and the East Coast (Duck, NC—shallow water) for continued evaluations of existing and new technologies. It was recognized that no absolute standard exists for the determination of the “First-5” across all spatial domains. Therefore, it was agreed that the Directional Waverider DWR-MkIII system was the best available reference/standard for the deep and intermediate water wave evaluations as verified by the laser array (LASAR) at the ConocoPhillips Ekofisk offshore platform complex in the North Sea. The long linear array at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Field Research Facility could be used as the standard for shallow water wave evaluations. Finally, given the significance of wave measurements, an appropriate level of quality assurance and quality control procedures must be included as part of any test and evaluation effort. The details of the proposed protocols for the verification of wave measurement systems are described.
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37

Liu, Guangjun, Wangmei Guo, Ximeng Liu, and Jinbo Xiong. "Security Analysis and Improvements on a Remote Integrity Checking Scheme for Regenerating-Coding-Based Distributed Storage." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (April 21, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6652606.

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Enabling remote data integrity checking with failure recovery becomes exceedingly critical in distributed cloud systems. With the properties of a lower repair bandwidth while preserving fault tolerance, regenerating coding and network coding (NC) have received much attention in the coding-based storage field. Recently, an outstanding outsourced auditing scheme named NC-Audit was proposed for regenerating-coding-based distributed storage. The scheme claimed that it can effectively achieve lightweight privacy-preserving data verification remotely for these networked distributed systems. However, our algebraic analysis shows that NC-Audit can be easily broken due to a potential defect existing in its schematic design. That is, an adversarial cloud server can forge some illegal blocks to cheat the auditor with a high probability when the coding field is large. From the perspective of algebraic security, we propose a remote data integrity checking scheme RNC-Audit by resorting to hiding partial critical information to the server without compromising system performance. Our evaluation shows that the proposed scheme has significantly lower overhead compared to the state-of-the-art schemes for distributed remote data auditing.
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38

Cheng, Hsin Yu, and Yung Chou Kao. "Studies on the Exchangeability of Different APT Interpreters for 5-Axis Machine Tool Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 1924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.1924.

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Generally, the NC format is the description for the positioning and/or the movement of its linear and rotary axes. As the multi-axis machine tools have a variety of configurations, their NC codes are not exchangeable. This issue leads to some inconvenience and confounding in the manufacturing processing schedule. Furthermore, when the specifications of tool such as length, diameter or shape are reset, the NC program must be regenerated accordingly. That is to say, the exchangeability of NC program among different five-axis machine configurations is an important issue in making better usage of industrial five-axis machine tools for efficient applications. An APT program records the tool path, tool vector and cutting information, etc. In particular, the recent development of APT format can provide the capability recording the motion posture of the tool such as the tool orientation, the position and its normal vector of the tool contact point. Therefore, it can solve the problems of the exchangeability for the different machine tools as well as the online resetting of tool specifications, even the tool posture. In this paper, a new method was proposed to interpret the APT code into tool movement data including toolpath, location, tool orientation, the contact point and its contact vector, etc., which can be applied to the conversion of different NC codes, or be connected to the controller of the machine tool so as to proceed the interpolation calculation for directly machining control. Moreover, the application scope can be extended to the verification of machining and to drive a virtual machine tool for previewing. Since the APT format varies according to different CAD/CAM systems, a common intermediate interchange standard (CMIS) was proposed, designed and verified in this paper as a feasible solution for the exchangeability of different APT formats. The process of the proposed method includes interpreting a variety of APT program into a common standard format, and then transforming this intermediate standard code into various NC programs for the corresponding machine configurations. An example was used to demonstrate how to convert an APT generated by CATIA software into intermediate code for a Table-Table five-axis machine tool with two rotary axes attached on table (XYZAC configuration). As the APT contains the definition of inclined plane, so the homogeneous coordinate transformation was adopted to transform the coordinate system of the inclined plane into the work coordinate system; it was further transformed into the corresponding NC program via an inverse kinematics transformation. This example has shown the feasibility of the method proposed. Moreover, the research can be applied not only to the exchangeability of different APT format but also to the other related applications such as the verification of machining error and the drive of virtual machine tool.
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39

Kawashima, Yasumasa, Kumiko Itoh, Tomotoshi Ishida, Shiro Nonaka, and Kazuhiko Ejiri. "A flexible quantitative method for NC machining verification using a space-division based solid model." Visual Computer 7, no. 2-3 (March 1991): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01901185.

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Luo, Yong Shun, Yong Yang, Yu Zhong Li, and Xiao Jun Wang. "Malfunction Signal Analysis of NC Machine Tool Gear Based on Kalman." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.28.

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Malfunction prediction is a trend of NC machine tool malfunction diagnosis development and the diagnosis accuracy is heavily dependent on the real and online acquisition of malfunction parameters. Gear malfunction is one of main mechanical malfunctions, and it is very meaningful to forecast its malfunction. The shock vibration of gear malfunction is non-stationary, so it should be processed by time frequency algorithms. Kalman filtering and Laplace wavelet are time frequency algorithms. Klaman filtering is self-adapting algorithm, and can filter noise in real-time. Laplace wavelet can obtain malfunction parameters by correlation filtering when correlation parameter k is the maximum. The proposed technique features two appealing advantages, which include self-adapting Kalman filter-based time-frequency algorithm and a Laplace wavelet-based parameters extraction. A set of simulating gear vibration data was used for verification. It provides a quantitative and more efficient means for obtaining the malfunction parameters to malfunction forecasting system.
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41

Jacso, Adam, Tibor Szalay, Juan Carlos Jauregui, and Juvenal Rodriguez Resendiz. "A discrete simulation-based algorithm for the technological investigation of 2.5D milling operations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218757267.

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Many applications are available for the syntactic and semantic verification of NC milling tool paths in simulation environments. However, these solutions – similar to the conventional tool path generation methods – are generally based on geometric considerations, and for that reason they cannot address varying cutting conditions. This paper introduces a new application of a simulation algorithm that is capable of producing all the necessary geometric information about the machining process in question for the purpose of further technological analysis. For performing such an analysis, an image space-based NC simulation algorithm is recommended, since in the case of complex tool paths it is impossible to provide an analytical description of the process of material removal. The information obtained from the simulation can be used not only for simple analyses, but also for optimisation purposes with a view to increasing machining efficiency.
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42

Tao, Li. "Researching on the Selection and Verification of Ball Screw Pair Based on Reforming of CNC Lathe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.167.

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Numerical control reform of ordinary lathe has the advantages of economy, practicality and stability. In order to ensure the accuracy of the feed system, vertical screw pair must be exchanged for a ball screw pair. The processing precision of the work piece can be guaranteed. Combined with the practice, this paper discusses the ball screw pair selecting in the reforming process of NC lathe. And the aspects of its size, precision, bearing capacity is checked.
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43

Shao, Zhi Xiang, Rui Feng Guo, Jie Li, and Jian Jun Peng. "Accurate 3D Tool Swept Volume Generation Method for 5-Axis NC Machining Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 989–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.989.

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Presented in this article is a new accurate tool swept volume generation algorithm based on a generalized cutter for five-axis NC simulation and verification. Based on the surface envelope theory and the differential geometry, using analytical method, the strict deduction process of critical curve equation and swept envelope equation for generalized cutter are given. The motion feature of the cutter in five-axis machining is analyzed and the moving frame is established; Then, the detailed solving method of the cutter’s velocity is presented. Further, the accurate swept volume expression method and generation algorithm for generalized cutter are achieved. At last, the correctness and efficiency of the algorithm is verified by a fillet-end cutter’s experimental result.
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44

Kráľ, Ján, and Ján Kráľ. "Verification of Manufacturing Accuracy of Mathematically Defined Shaped Surfaces on 3D CNC Milling Machine." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.423.

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Verification of programming of various control systems and production of mathematically defined shaped surfaces on 3D CNC milling machine is a challenging technological process. Appropriate design and optimization of tool path is essential for the production of high-quality surfaces with the required accuracy and roughness. This paper presents the design of shaped surfaces in various programming means in order to evaluate both the accuracy of the shape manufactured by the production machine and also by program created shapes for control systems of 3D milling machines. Based on the analysis of mathematically defined shaped surfaces to evaluate both accuracy of shape of 3D milling machine and also applied programs for the programming of the selected control system the shaped surface "Interface" was chosen. The advantage of mathematically described surface is a better way to evaluate the accuracy compare to surface modeled e.g. by Bezier ́s curves. Mathematically described surfaces enable us to optimize their shapes by available mathematical functions. Typical example the derivatives are, which make it possible to search extremes. Verification of the shaped surfaces accuracy according to created control programs was solved using the 3D Carl-Zeiss coordinate system and also HOLOS software. Verified programs for the NC machine programming were in CATIA V5, Pro/Engineer and EqCAM. The result is an optimally designed original EqCAM program for 3D CNC milling machine programming, which generates optimal NC codes and bypasses various built-in interpolations, and by precise control at every step it is possible to achieve maximum accuracy and quality of machined surface for each 3D CNC milling machine.
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Liu, Zhi Gang. "Research on CNC Machining Model and Error Analysis for Spiral Bevel Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.517.

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This paper analyzed the adjustment principle and calculation method of parameters for CNC spiral bevel gear milling machine, and establish the models of NC machining of spiral bevel gear milling machine. Through the calculation of examples, we acquire the machine tool axes of the instantaneous position when CNC spiral bevel gear milling machine process. The paper establish simulation machine model of spiral bevel gear milling machine and the simulation processing. The simulation results meet the spiral bevel gear milling machine functional verification requirements.
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46

Ren, Yongfu, Yuan Shin Lee, and Wen Teng Wang. "High performance manufacturing of complex surfaces using inverse cutting profiles and NC verification of virtual models." International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering 1, no. 1/2 (2006): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijise.2006.009058.

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47

Takanashi, Yuki, Hideki Aoyama, and Song Cheol Won. "Generation Method of Cutting Tool Paths for High-Speed and High-Quality Machining of Free-Form Surfaces." International Journal of Automation Technology 15, no. 4 (July 5, 2021): 521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2021.p0521.

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In general, NC programs for machining free-form surfaces using a computer numerical control (CNC) machine tool are generated using a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system. The tool paths (CL data) generated by a CAM system are approximated straight-line segments based on tolerance (allowable error). As a result, the tolerance affects the machining accuracy and time. If the tolerance is set to a small value, the lengths of the segments are shortened, and the machining accuracy is improved. The process in which a CNC machine tool reads and analyzes an NC program and controls the motors requires a minimum processing time of an NC program block (block-processing time). Therefore, if the lengths of the approximated straight-line segments are too small, it will be impossible to reach the indicated feed speed, and the machining time will be longer. In this study, by identifying the block-processing time of a CNC controller and deriving the appropriate length of the approximated straight-line segment based on the block-processing time, a CL data creation method that is capable of high-speed and high-accuracy free-form surface machining is proposed. In addition, experimental verification tests of the method are conducted.
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48

Hirooka, Toshihiko, Tomokazu Kobayashi, Atsushi Hakotani, Ryuta Sato, and Keiichi Shirase. "Surface Roughness Control Based on Digital Copy Milling Concept to Achieve Autonomous Milling Operation." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 4 (July 5, 2013): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0401.

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An autonomous and intelligent machine tool that performs machining operations by referring to CAD product data was developed in our previous study to solve fundamental issues with the conventional command method, which uses NC programs. A system, Digital Copy Milling (DCM), digitizing the principle of copymilling, was developed to generate tool paths during milling operations for dynamic tool motion control. In the DCM, the cutting tool is controlled dynamically to follow the surface of a CAD model corresponding to product shape, eliminating the need for the preparation of NC programs. Active tool motion controls were also realized to enhance the function of DCM. In this study, surface roughness control of the finished surface is realized as an additional enhanced function of DCM to achieve autonomous milling operations. This function allows the DCM to select cutting conditions and generates tool paths dynamically to produce the desired surface roughness: from rough, through semi-finished, to finished. The verification experiment is successfully carried out.
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49

Zhao, Yu Xia, Jie Jian Di, and De Wen Gao. "Tool Path Planning and Machining Experiment for a Centrifugal Impeller Based on Five-Axis Machine Tool." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 629–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.629.

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An impeller is the core of aviation engine components, the processing quality have a decisive impact on the performance of the engine. An impeller is one of most important basic components of centrifugal compressor. However, it is very difficult to machine and model because of the twisted blades. For such geometric complexity, it is the general practice to adopt five-axis machining. Based on the actual engineering data, pro/Engineer software is applied to produce three-dimensional geometric model of the integrated impeller, some general principles followed by machining and modeling the impeller are brought forward. Furthermore, analysis and research were made for tool path of the integrated impeller machining. NC program is exported successfully to DEMAGE five-axis machine from PowerMill software where machining verification as a centrifugal impeller example was carried on. The results of verification show that the machining methodology and procedure adopted are successful.
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50

Rybakov, V. "Algorithm for Decision Procedure in Temporal Logic Treating Uncertainty, Plausibility, Knowledge and Interacting Agents." International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies 6, no. 1 (January 2010): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jiit.2010100903.

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Our article studies logic UIALTL, which is a combination of the linear temporal logic LTL, a multi-agent logic with operation for passing knowledge via agents’ interaction, and a suggested logic based on operation of logical uncertainty. The logical operations of UIALTL also include (together with operations from LTL) operations of strong and weak until, agents’ knowledge operations, operation of knowledge via interaction, operation of logical uncertainty, the operations for environmental and global knowledge. UIALTL is defined as a set of all formulas valid at all Kripke-Hintikka like models NC. Any frame NC represents possible unbounded (in time) computation with multi-processors (parallel computational units) and agents’ channels for connections between computational units. The main aim of our article is to determine possible ways for computation logical laws of UIALTL. Principal problems we are dealing with are decidability and the satisfiability problems for UIALTL. We find an algorithm which recognizes theorems of UIALTL (so we show that UIALTL is decidable) and solves satisfiability problem for UIALTL. As an instrument we use reduction of formulas to rules in the reduced normal form and a technique to contract models NC to special non-UIALTL-models, and, then, verification of validity these rules in models of bounded size. The article uses standard results from non-classical logics based on Kripke-Hintikka models.
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