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Journal articles on the topic 'NButGT'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 September 2024

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1

Oulehri, Walid, Antoine Persello, Angelique Blangy-Letheule, Charles Tacquard, Bertrand Rozec, Anne-Laure Charles, Bernard Geny, Benjamin Lauzier, Paul Michel Mertes, and Olivier Collange. "NButGT Reinforces the Beneficial Effects of Epinephrine on Cardiac Mitochondrial Respiration, Lactatemia and Cardiac Output in Experimental Anaphylactic Shock." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6 (March 14, 2024): 3316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063316.

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Anaphylactic shock (AS) is the most severe form of acute systemic hypersensitivity reaction. Although epinephrine can restore patients’ hemodynamics, it might also be harmful, supporting the need for adjuvant treatment. We therefore investigated whether NButGT, enhancing O-GlcNAcylation and showing beneficial effects in acute heart failure might improve AS therapy. Ovalbumin-sensitized rats were randomly allocated to six groups: control (CON), shock (AS), shock treated with NButGT alone before (AS+pre-Nbut) or after (AS+post-Nbut) AS onset, shock treated with epinephrine alone (AS+EPI) and shock group treated with combination of epinephrine and NButGT (AS+EPI+preNBut). Induction of shock was performed with an intravenous (IV) ovalbumin. Cardiac protein and cycling enzymes O-GlcNAcylation levels, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, cardiac output (CO), left ventricle shortening fraction (LVSF), mitochondrial respiration, and lactatemia were evaluated using Western blotting experiments, invasive arterial monitoring, echocardiography, mitochondrial oximetry and arterial blood samples. AS decreased MAP (−77%, p < 0.001), CO (−90%, p < 0.001) and LVSF (−30%, p < 0.05). Epinephrine improved these parameters and, in particular, rats did not die in 15 min. But, cardiac mitochondrial respiration remained impaired (complexes I + II −29%, p < 0.05 and II −40%, p < 0.001) with hyperlactatemia. NButGT pretreatment (AS+pre-Nbut) efficiently increased cardiac O-GlcNAcylation level as compared to the AS+post-Nbut group. Compared to epinephrine alone, the adjunction of NButGT significantly improved CO, LVSF and mitochondrial respiration. MAP was not significantly increased but lactatemia decreased more markedly. Pretreatment with NButGT increases O-GlcNAcylation of cardiac proteins and has an additive effect on epinephrine, improving cardiac output and mitochondrial respiration and decreasing blood lactate levels. This new therapy might be useful when the risk of AS cannot be avoided.

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2

Dupas, Thomas, Antoine Persello, Angélique Blangy-Letheule, Manon Denis, Angélique Erraud, Virginie Aillerie, Aurélia A. Leroux, et al. "Beneficial Effects of O-GlcNAc Stimulation in a Young Rat Model of Sepsis: Beyond Modulation of Gene Expression." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 6430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126430.

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The young population, which is particularly at risk of sepsis, is, paradoxically, rarely studied. Acute stimulation of O-GlcNAcylation, a post-translational modification involved in metabolic regulation, cell survival and stress response, is beneficial in young rats with sepsis. Considering that sepsis impacts the gene expression profile and that O-GlcNAcylation is a regulator of transcription, the aims of this study are to (i) unveil beneficial mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation and (ii) decipher the relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and transcription during sepsis. Endotoxemic challenge was induced in 28-day-old male rats using a lipopolysaccharide injection (E. coli O111:B4, 20 mg·kg−1) and compared to control rats (NaCl 0.9%). One hour after, rats were assigned to no therapy or fluidotherapy (NaCl 0.9%, 10 mL.kg−1) ± NButGT (10 mg·kg−1) to stimulate O-GlcNAc levels. Cardiac O-GlcNAcylation levels were evaluated via Western blot and gene transcription using 3′ SRP analysis. Lipopolysaccharide injection favorizes inflammatory state with the overexpression of genes involved in the NF-κB, JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. NButGT treatment increased cardiac O-GlcNAcylation levels (p < 0.05). Yet, the mRNA expression was not impacted two hours after fluidotherapy or NButGT treatment. In conclusion, O-GlcNAc stimulation-induced beneficial effects are not dependent on the gene expression profile at the early phase of sepsis.

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3

Denis, Manon, Thomas Dupas, Antoine Persello, Justine Dontaine, Laurent Bultot, Charlotte Betus, Thomas Pelé, et al. "An O-GlcNAcylomic Approach Reveals ACLY as a Potential Target in Sepsis in the Young Rat." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 9236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179236.

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Sepsis in the young population, which is particularly at risk, is rarely studied. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification involved in cell survival, stress response and metabolic regulation. O-GlcNAc stimulation is beneficial in adult septic rats. This modification is physiologically higher in the young rat, potentially limiting the therapeutic potential of O-GlcNAc stimulation in young septic rats. The aim is to evaluate whether O-GlcNAc stimulation can improve sepsis outcome in young rats. Endotoxemic challenge was induced in 28-day-old rats by lipopolysaccharide injection (E. Coli O111:B4, 20 mg·kg−1) and compared to control rats (NaCl 0.9%). One hour after lipopolysaccharide injection, rats were randomly assigned to no therapy, fluidotherapy (NaCl 0.9%, 10 mL·kg−1) ± NButGT (10 mg·kg−1) to increase O-GlcNAcylation levels. Physiological parameters and plasmatic markers were evaluated 2h later. Finally, untargeted mass spectrometry was performed to map cardiac O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Lipopolysaccharide injection induced shock with a decrease in mean arterial pressure and alteration of biological parameters (p < 0.05). NButGT, contrary to fluidotherapy, was associated with an improvement of arterial pressure (p < 0.05). ATP citrate lyase was identified among the O-GlcNAcylated proteins. In conclusion, O-GlcNAc stimulation improves outcomes in young septic rats. Interestingly, identified O-GlcNAcylated proteins are mainly involved in cellular metabolism.

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4

Champattanachai, Voraratt, Richard B. Marchase, and John C. Chatham. "Glucosamine protects neonatal cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury via increased protein O-GlcNAc and increased mitochondrial Bcl-2." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 294, no. 6 (June 2008): C1509—C1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00456.2007.

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We have previously reported that glucosamine protected neonatal rat ventricular myocytes against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and this was associated with an increase in protein O-linked- N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) levels. However, the protective effect of glucosamine could be mediated via pathways other that O-GlcNAc formation; thus the initial goal of the present study was to determine whether increasing O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expression, which catalyzes the formation of O-GlcNAc, had a protective effect similar to that of glucosamine. To better understand the potential mechanism underlying O-GlcNAc-mediated cytoprotection, we examined whether increased O-GlcNAc levels altered the expression and translocation of members of the Bcl-2 protein family. Both glucosamine (5 mM) and OGT overexpression increased basal and I/R-induced O-GlcNAc levels, significantly decreased cellular injury, and attenuated loss of cytochrome c. Both interventions also attenuated the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H2O2 and were also associated with an increase in mitochondrial Bcl-2 levels but had no effect on Bad or Bax levels. Compared with glucosamine and OGT overexpression, NButGT (100 μM), an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase, was less protective against I/R and H2O2 and did not affect Bcl-2 expression, despite a 5- to 10-fold greater increase in overall O-GlcNAc levels. Decreased OGT expression resulted in lower basal O-GlcNAc levels, prevented the I/R-induced increase in O-GlcNAc and mitochondrial Bcl-2, and increased cellular injury. These results demonstrate that the protective effects of glucosamine are mediated via increased formation of O-GlcNAc and suggest that this is due, in part, to enhanced mitochondrial Bcl-2 translocation.

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5

Wang, Xia, Jin Yang, Haichao Hu, Tangyu Yuan, Yingjie Zhao, Ying Liu, Wei Li, and Jiaqian Liu. "Genome-Wide Analysis and Identification of UDP Glycosyltransferases Responsive to Chinese Wheat Mosaic Virus Resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana." Viruses 16, no. 4 (March 22, 2024): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16040489.

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Glycosylation, a dynamic modification prevalent in viruses and higher eukaryotes, is principally regulated by uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in plants. Although UGTs are involved in plant defense responses, their responses to most pathogens, especially plant viruses, remain unclear. Here, we aimed to identify UGTs in the whole genome of Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) and to analyze their function in Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) infection. A total of 147 NbUGTs were identified in N. benthamiana. To conduct a phylogenetic analysis, the UGT protein sequences of N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana were aligned. The gene structure and conserved motifs of the UGTs were also analyzed. Additionally, the physicochemical properties and predictable subcellular localization were examined in detail. Analysis of cis-acting elements in the putative promoter revealed that NbUGTs were involved in temperature, defense, and hormone responses. The expression levels of 20 NbUGTs containing defense-related cis-acting elements were assessed in CWMV-infected N. benthamiana, revealing a significant upregulation of 8 NbUGTs. Subcellular localization analysis of three NbUGTs (NbUGT12, NbUGT16 and NbUGT17) revealed their predominant localization in the cytoplasm of N. benthamiana leaves, and NbUGT12 was also distributed in the chloroplasts. CWMV infection did not alter the subcellular localization of NbUGT12, NbUGT16, and NbUGT17. Transient overexpression of NbUGT12, NbUGT16, and NbUGT17 enhanced CWMV infection, whereas the knockdown of NbUGT12, NbUGT16 and NbUGT17 inhibited CWMV infection in N. benthamiana. These NbUGTs could serve as potential susceptibility genes to facilitate CWMV infection. Overall, the findings throw light on the evolution and function of NbUGTs.

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6

Herridge, David F. "Validation of NBudget for estimating soil N supply in Australia's northern grains region in the absence of soil test data." Soil Research 55, no. 6 (2017): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16336.

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Effective management of fertiliser nitrogen (N) inputs by farmers will generally have beneficial productivity, economic and environmental consequences. The reality is that farmers may be unsure of plant-available N levels in cropping soils at sowing and make decisions about how much fertiliser N to apply with limited information about existing soil N supply. NBudget is a Microsoft (Armonk, NY, USA) Excel-based decision support tool developed primarily to assist farmers and/or advisors in Australia’s northern grains region manage N. NBudget estimates plant-available (nitrate) N at sowing; it also estimates sowing soil water, grain yields, fertiliser N requirements for cereals and oilseed crops and N2 fixation by legumes. NBudget does not rely on soil testing for nitrate-N, organic carbon or soil water content. Rather, the tool relies on precrop (fallow) rainfall data plus basic descriptions of soil texture and fertility, tillage practice and information about paddock use in the previous 2 years. Use is made of rule-of-thumb values and stand-alone or linked algorithms describing, among other things, rates of mineralisation of background soil organic N and fresh residue N. Winter and summer versions of NBudget cover the 10 major crops of the region: bread wheat, durum, barley, canola, chickpea and faba bean in the winter crop version; sorghum, sunflower, soybean and mung bean in the summer crop version. Validating the winter crop version of NBudget estimates of sowing soil nitrate-N against three independent datasets (n=65) indicated generally close agreement between measured and predicted values (y=0.91x+16.8; r2=0.78). A limitation of the tool is that it does not account for losses of N from waterlogged or flooded soils. Although NBudget also predicts grain yields and fertiliser N requirements for the coming season, potential users may simply factor predicted soil N supply into their fertiliser decisions, rather than rely on the output of the tool. Decisions about fertiliser N inputs are often complex and are based on several criteria, including attitudes to risk, history of fertiliser use and costs. The usefulness and likely longevity of NBudget would be enhanced by transforming the current Excel-based tool, currently available on request from the author, to a stand-alone app or web-based tool.

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7

Zhou, Rui Xue, Yun Yan Zhang, Shi Zhao Kang, Xiang Qing Li, and Jin Mu. "Preparation of HgS Nanoparticles with Adjustable Dispersibility at Water/n-butyl Alcohol Interface." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 994–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.994.

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HgS nanoparticles with adjustable dispersibility have been synthesized at the water/n-butyl alcohol interface and characterized with Xray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, the dispersibility of the asprepared HgS nanoparticles in water and nbutyl alcohol were measured, respectively. The results indicate that the cubic HgS nanoparticles could be obtained; and the dispersibility of the HgS nanoparticles can be simply tuned. When Hg (CH3COO)2 aqueous solution and nbutyl alcohol solution of thioacetamide are used, the asprepared HgS nanoparticles can be dispersed in water to form a solutionlike suspension. In contrast, when thioacetamide aqueous solution and nbutyl alcohol solution of Hg (CH3COO)2 are used, the oil dispersible HgS nanoparticles are obtained. Moreover, the mechanism about the adjustable dispersibility of HgS nanoparticles is discussed.

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8

Berger, Raphael J. F., Surajit Jana, Roland Fröhlich, and Norbert W. Mitzel. "A diethylhydroxylaminate based mixed lithium/beryllium aggregate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2015-0014.

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AbstractA mixed lithium/beryllium diethylhydroxylaminate compound containing nbutyl beryllium units of total molecular composition nBe(ONEt2)2 [(LiONEt2)2nBuBeONEt2]2 (1) was isolated from a reaction mixture of nbutyl lithium, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine and BeCl2 in diethylether/thf. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The aggregate is composed of two ladder-type subunits connected in a beryllium-centered distorted tetrahedron of four oxygen atoms. Only the lithium atoms are engaged in coordination with the nitrogen donor atoms. The DFT calculations support the positional occupation determined for Li and Be in the crystal structure. The DFT and the solid-state structure are in excellent agreement, indicating only weak intermolecular interactions in the solid state. Structural details of metal atom coordination are discussed.

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9

Zhang, Shuhong, and Xiaohu Li. "Some New Results on the Moment Generating Function Order and Related Life Distributions." Journal of Applied Probability 47, no. 4 (December 2010): 923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1294170509.

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In this paper we study the moment generating function order and the new better than used in the moment generating function order (NBUMG) life distributions. A closure property of this order under an independent random sum is deduced, and stochastic comparisons among the block replacement policy, the age replacement policy, the complete repair policy, and the minimal repair policy of an NBUMG component are investigated.

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10

Zhang, Shuhong, and Xiaohu Li. "Some New Results on the Moment Generating Function Order and Related Life Distributions." Journal of Applied Probability 47, no. 04 (December 2010): 923–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200007269.

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In this paper we study the moment generating function order and the new better than used in the moment generating function order (NBUMG) life distributions. A closure property of this order under an independent random sum is deduced, and stochastic comparisons among the block replacement policy, the age replacement policy, the complete repair policy, and the minimal repair policy of an NBUMG component are investigated.

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11

Li, Xiaohu. "Some properties of ageing notions based on the moment-generating-function order." Journal of Applied Probability 41, no. 3 (September 2004): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1091543435.

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Classes of life distributions based on the moment-generating-function order are investigated in this paper. It is shown firstly that the class ℳ is closed under both convex linear combination and geometric compounding. Secondly, the class NBUmg (new better than used in the moment-generating-function order) is proved to be closed under increasing star-shaped transformations. Finally, the interplay between the stochastic comparison of the excess lifetime of a renewal process and the NBUmg interarrivals is studied.

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12

Li, Xiaohu. "Some properties of ageing notions based on the moment-generating-function order." Journal of Applied Probability 41, no. 03 (September 2004): 927–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200020647.

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Classes of life distributions based on the moment-generating-function order are investigated in this paper. It is shown firstly that the class ℳ is closed under both convex linear combination and geometric compounding. Secondly, the class NBUmg (new better than used in the moment-generating-function order) is proved to be closed under increasing star-shaped transformations. Finally, the interplay between the stochastic comparison of the excess lifetime of a renewal process and the NBUmg interarrivals is studied.

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13

Hevia, Eva, Alan R. Kennedy, Robert E. Mulvey, and Susan Weatherstone. "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of[{nBuMg(μ-TMP)}2] and of a Homometallic Inverse Crown in Tetranuclear[{nBuMg2[μ-N(H)Dipp]2(μ3-OnBu)}2]." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43, no. 13 (March 19, 2004): 1709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200353286.

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14

Hevia, Eva, Alan R. Kennedy, Robert E. Mulvey, and Susan Weatherstone. "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of[{nBuMg(μ-TMP)}2] and of a Homometallic Inverse Crown in Tetranuclear[{nBuMg2[μ-N(H)Dipp]2(μ3-OnBu)}2]." Angewandte Chemie 116, no. 13 (March 19, 2004): 1741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.200353286.

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15

Belzunce, Félix, Eva-María Ortega, and José M. Ruiz. "On ageing properties of first-passage times of increasing Markov processes." Advances in Applied Probability 34, no. 1 (March 2002): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1019160959.

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The purpose of this paper is to study ageing properties of first-passage times of increasing Markov chains. We extend the literature to some new ageing classes, such as the IFR(2), NBU(2), DRLLt and NBULt classes. We also give sufficient conditions in the finite case, that are more efficient computationally, just in terms of the transition matrix K, in the discrete case, or the generator matrix Q, in the continuous case. For the uniformizable, continuous-time Markov processes, we derive conditions in terms of the discrete uniformized Markov chain for the NBU(2) and the NBULt classes. In the last section, a review of the main results in this direction in the literature is given, and we compare some of the conditions stated in this paper with others given in the literature about some other ageing classes. Some examples where these results are applied are given.

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16

Belzunce, Félix, Eva-María Ortega, and José M. Ruiz. "On ageing properties of first-passage times of increasing Markov processes." Advances in Applied Probability 34, no. 01 (March 2002): 241–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800011484.

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The purpose of this paper is to study ageing properties of first-passage times of increasing Markov chains. We extend the literature to some new ageing classes, such as the IFR(2), NBU(2), DRLLt and NBULt classes. We also give sufficient conditions in the finite case, that are more efficient computationally, just in terms of the transition matrix K, in the discrete case, or the generator matrix Q, in the continuous case. For the uniformizable, continuous-time Markov processes, we derive conditions in terms of the discrete uniformized Markov chain for the NBU(2) and the NBULt classes. In the last section, a review of the main results in this direction in the literature is given, and we compare some of the conditions stated in this paper with others given in the literature about some other ageing classes. Some examples where these results are applied are given.

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17

Chernega, Alexander N., Malcolm L. H. Green, and Alehandra G. Suárez. "ansa-Metallocene imide niobium compounds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-142.

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The ansa-metallocene imide compounds of niobium {Nb[Me2C(η5-C5H4)(σ-C5H4)](η5-C5H5)(NBut)} and {Nb[Me2C(σ-C5H4)(η3-C9H6)](η5-C5H5)(NBut)} have been prepared and their crystal structures have been determined. Keywords: ansa, metallocene, niobium, cyclopentadienyl.

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18

Wang, Li Qin, Shou Zhi Pu, Liu Shui Yan, and Shi Qiang Cui. "Synthesis, Photochromism and Optical Storage of a New Type of Diarylethene Compound." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.945.

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A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene 1-(2-methylbenzothiophene-3-yl)-2-(2-nbutyl-5-(2,2′-dicyanovinyl)thiophene-3-yl)perfluoroncyclopen-tene (1a), was synthesized and its optoelectronic properties, such as photochromism in solution as well as in poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) amorphous films, and the fluorescence spectra of diarylethene 1a was investigated. The photochromic reaction kinetics indicated that the cyclization process of 1a belongs to the zeroth order reaction and the cycloreversion process belongs to the first order reaction. The diarylethene can be potentially used as holographic optical recording medium.

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19

Wang, Li Qin, Shou Zhi Pu, Liu Shui Yan, and Shi Qiang Cui. "Synthesis, Properties and Optical Recording of a Novel Unsymmetrical Photochromic Diarylethene." Advanced Materials Research 327 (September 2011): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.327.57.

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A new unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene, 1-(2-methyl -3-benzothienyl)-2-(2-nbutyl-5-methylol-3-thienyl)perfluoroncyclopentene (1a), was synthesized and its optoelectronic properties, such as photochromism in solution as well as in poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) amorphous films and fluorescences were investigated. Using diarylethene 1b/PMMA film as recording medium and a linearly polarized 633 nm laser diode for recording and readout, polarization multiplexed image recording can be carried out in this film, which illustrated that the diarylethene can be potentially used as holographic optical recording medium.

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20

Herberhold, Max, and Wolfgang Jellen. "Neue Selen-Stickstoff-Verbindungen tert-Butyl-seleninylamin, ButNSeO, und Di(tert-butyl)selendiimid, Se(NBut)2/New Selenium-Nitrogen Compounds tert-Butyl-seleninylamine, ButNSeO, and Di(tert-butyl)selenium Diimide, Se(NBut)2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 41, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1986-0202.

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The first seleninylamine, tBuNSeO, was prepared from tert-butylamine, tBuNH2, and SeOCl2 (3:1). The selenium diimide Se(NBut)2 was isolated from the corresponding reaction of tBuNH2 and SeCl4 (6:1); it decomposes at ambient temperature to give cyclic Se3(NBut)2. The new compounds were characterized on the basis of their IR , 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectra.

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21

Kobayashi, Akio, Mohd Ilham Adenarr, Shin-ichiro Kajiyama, Hiroshi Kanzaki, and Kazuyoshi Kawazu. "A Cytotoxic Principle of Tamarindus indica, Di-w-butyl Malate and the Structure-Activity Relationship of Its Analogues." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1996): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-3-415.

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Abstract Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract of Tamarindus indica fruits led to the isolation of L -(-)-di-nbutyl malate which exhibited a pronounced cytotoxic activity against sea urchin embryo cells. In order to study structure-activity relationships, close-structure relatives of di-n-butyl malate were synthesized using d -(+) -and L -(-)-malic acid as starting materials, and their cytotoxic activities were exam in ed for the sea urchin em bryo assay. L -(-)-D i-n-pentyl malate was the most effective inhibitor to the development of the fertilized eggs. Significant inhibitory activity was not seen in the esters of D -(-)-isomer .

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22

Baker, Murray V., Maria C. Palermo, Brian W. Skelton, and Allan H. White. "Titanium(IV) Imido Complexes of 1,3,5-Trialkyl-1,3,5-triazacyclohexanes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 52, no. 3 (1999): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c98173.

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Reactions of the imido complex Ti(NBut)Cl2(py)3 (py = pyridine) with 1,3,5-trialkyl-1,3,5-triazacyclo- hexanes (R3tach) produce the corresponding imido complexes TiCl2(NBut)(R3tach) (R = Et, But). The new complexes have been characterized by n.m.r. spectroscopy and, for the R = Bu t case, by X-ray diffraction studies. The absence of a C3v axis of symmetry for the new complexes allowed complete and unequivocal assignment of their 1H n.m.r. spectra by consideration of proton{proton coupling and nuclear Overhauser effects.

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23

Danopoulos, Andreas A., Geoffrey Wilkinson, Bilquis Hussain-Bates, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "tert-Butylimido complexes of osmium-(VIII), -(VII) and -(VI). X-Ray crystal structures of [(ButN)2Os(µ-NBut)2Os(NBut)(µ-O)]2, [Os(NBut)2(µ-NBut)]2and [Os(NBut)2(µ-NBut)]2[BF4]2." J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., no. 2 (1991): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9910000269.

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24

Cole, Marcus L., Matthew R. Gyton, and Jason B. Harper. "Metal Complexes of an Ionic Liquid-Derived Carbene." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 8 (2011): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11227.

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A range of metal carbene complexes containing the ionic liquid-derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1-nbutyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene (IBuMe, 1) have been prepared by (i) direct ligand substitution using the free NHC ([Mo(CO)5(IBuMe)] 2), (ii) transmetallation using the silver salt [AgCl(IBuMe)] (3) ([RhCl(NBD)(IBuMe)] (4) and [IrCl(COD)(IBuMe)] (5), NBD = 2,5-norbornadiene, COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and (iii) direct reaction of a metal acetate with the hydrochloride salt of 1 (trans-[PdCl2(IBuMe)] (6)). The dicarbonyl cis-[RhCl(CO)2(IBuMe)] (7) has been prepared by diene substitution under a carbon monoxide atmosphere. The molecular structures of 2, 4, 5 and 6 are reported and the sigma donation and steric properties of 1 are discussed relative to those of common imidazol-2-ylidene ligands.

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25

Danopoulos, Andreas A., Geoffrey Wilkinson, Tracy K. N. Sweet, and Michael B. Hursthouse†. "A new type of iminophosphine ligand from interaction of Li2M(NBut)4, M = W, Mo and PX3, X = Cl, Br. Crystal structures of W(NBut)Br2[P2(NBut)3] and W(NBut)Cl(SC6F5)[P2(NBut)3]." Polyhedron 13, no. 20 (October 1994): 2899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)86623-1.

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26

de Lima, Geraldo M., and David J. Duncalf. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Structure of [{Sn(μ-NBut)2W(NBut)2}2]." Organometallics 18, no. 23 (November 1999): 4884–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om9903543.

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27

Danopoulos, Andreas A., Geoffrey Wilkinson, Bilquis Hussain-Bates, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "Some reactions of tetrakis(tert-butylimido)osmium(VIII). X-Ray crystal structures of Os(NBut)O(O2CBut)2(NH2But)2·ButCO2H, (ButN)2Os(µ-NBut)2Os(µ-NBut)X2(X = Cl or I) and [Os2(NBut)4(µ-NBut)2]I3." J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., no. 8 (1991): 1855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9910001855.

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28

Pihtili, Güzin, Seda Hekim, and Mustafa Ersin Pekdemir. "Molecular Structure, Vibrational, Spectral Investigation and Quantum Chemical DFT Calculations of Poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-nbutyl methacrylate)." Polymer Korea 46, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2022.46.5.559.

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29

Kurt, Adnan. "Thermal decomposition kinetics of poly(nButMA-b-St) diblock copolymer synthesized by ATRP." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 114, no. 1 (October 5, 2009): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.30576.

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30

Clegg, William, R. John Errington, David C. R. Hockless, and Carl Redshaw. "A new tetratungstate, [W4O4Cl10(NBut)4]2–, and its degradation to the mononuclear complex [WOCl2(NBut)-(bipy)] or [WCl2(NBut)2(bipy)](bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine)." J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., no. 13 (1993): 1965–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9930001965.

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31

Gutierrez, Angel, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Bilquis Hussain-Bates, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "t-Butylimido and t-butylimido oxo aryls of rhenium. X-ray crystal structures of Re(NBut)2(2,6-Me2C6H3)2, Re(NBut)(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)(C27H32), Re(NBut)3(2,4,6-Me3C6H2), [(ButN)Br(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)Re(μ-NBut)(μ-O)(OC6H2Me2CH2)(NBut)], [Re(NBut)(O)Ar(μ-O)]2, Ar = 2,6-C6H3 and 2,4,6-C6H2." Polyhedron 9, no. 17 (January 1990): 2081–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)84039-5.

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32

İDİL SOYLU, Ayşegül, Fatih UZUNKAYA, Ümit BELET, and Hüseyin AKAN. "Transarterial Embolization of Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 38, SI-1 (March 18, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52142/omujecm.38.si.gastro.8.

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Transarterial embolization (TAE) is a minimally invasive treatment method developed alternative to surgery for acute gastrointestinal bleeding (AGIB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of TAE in AGIB patients. The data of 30 patients who underwent TAE with complaint of AGIB between January 2007- May 2020 was collected retrospectively. The etiology of hemorrhage, localization and type of lesion, embolizing agent used, and postprocedural complications were recorded. Lesions were classified as pseudoaneurysm (PA), extravasation, pathological tumor vascularity and vasospasm. A total of 22 patients, 5 females, were included in the study. The most common underlying cause was tumors (n=15, 50%). The most common lesion detected on angiograms was pathological tumor vascularity. Embolizing agents used were Nbutyl-2-cyanoacrylate in five patients, coils in three patients, polyvinyl alcohol particles in six patients and microsphere in seven patients. The technical success rate was 90.9%, and two patients developed rebleeding in the early postprocedural period. TAE is a safe, effective and minimally invasive method in emergency treatment of patients with AGIB.

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33

Ahmad, I. A., M. Kayid, and X. Li. "The NBUT Class of Life Distributions." IEEE Transactions on Reliability 54, no. 3 (September 2005): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tr.2005.853277.

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34

Sullivan, Alice C., Geoffrey Wilkinson, Majid Motevalli, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "Synthesis and reactions of doimido aryl derivatives of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Crystal structures of Cr(NBut)2(C6H2Me3-2,4,6)2, Mo(NBut)2(C6H3Me2-2,6)2, and Cr(NBut)2[C(C6H2Me3-2,4,6)NBut](C6H2Me3-2,4,6)." J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., no. 1 (1988): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9880000053.

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35

Herberhold, Max, Wolfgang Bühlmeyer, Alfred Gieren, Thomas Hübner, and J. Wu. "Ru2(CO)6(ButNS) − Ein tert-Butylschwefelimid-Komplex mit Ru2NS-Tetrahedrangerüst / Ru2(CO)6(BUtNS) - A tert-Butyl Sulfur Imide Complex Containing a Ru2NS Tetrahedrane Skeleton." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 42, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1987-0113.

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Abstract Fragmentation of bis(rm-butyl) sulfur diimide, S(NBut)2 (1a), in the presence of Ru3(CO)12 leads to a yellow tetrahedrane-type complex Ru2(CO)6(ButNS) (3a) containing tert-butyl sulfur imide as a six-electron ligand. According to the X-ray structure determination the N−S bond (1.716 Å) is arranged perpendicular to the Ru−Ru axis (2.661 Å).

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36

Huo, Yanan, Qi Wan, Xinzhu Hou, Zhiyong Zhang, Jinchuan Zhao, Zhiyi Wu, and Xiuming Jin. "Therapeutic Effect of Intense Pulsed Light in Patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome Related Dry Eye." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051377.

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This prospective randomized study evaluated the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (IPL) and meibomian gland expression (MGX) as polytherapy for Sjögren’s Syndrome-related dry eye (SS-DE). The study enrolled 55 participants with SS-DE, 27 for the treatment group and 28 for the control group. The treatment group underwent three IPL-MGX treatments, three weeks apart. A randomly-selected eye from each patient was assessed at baseline and on weeks 9, 12, and 15 for Snellen best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, conjunctival congestion, tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear breakup time (NBUT), Schirmer’s I test (SIT), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), meibomian gland (MG) dropout, eyelid margin abnormality, MGX and meibum quality. OSDI, NBUT, CFS, MGX, and meibum quality were significantly improved in both groups, particularly in the treatment group. The eyelid margin abnormality improved significantly in the treatment but not in the control group on weeks 12 and 15. Snellen BCVA, conjunctival congestion, and SIT improved significantly in the treatment group, but the two groups were statistically similar. Our results indicated that three IPL-MGX sessions could significantly improve the subjective and objective characteristics of SS-DE, representing a promising treatment strategy.

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Leung, Wa-Hung, Andreas A. Danopoulos, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Bilquis Hussain-Bates, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "tert-Butylimido complexes of chromium and vanadium. X-Ray crystal structures of Cr(NBut)Cl3(MeOCH2CH2OMe), Cr[C6H4(NH)2-o]Cl2(PMe2Ph)2, Cr(NBut)2(OSiPh3)2, Cr(NBut)-Cl(OC9H6N)2 and [(PPh3)2][Cr(NBut){S2C2(CN)2}2]." Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, no. 8 (1991): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9910002051.

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38

Danopoulos, Andreas A., Geoffrey Wilkinson, Bilquis Hussain-Bates, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "Dilithium tetra(t-butylimido)-molybdate(VI) and -tungstate(VI) and some reactions thereof. X-Ray crystal structures of W[(µ-NBut)2AlX2]2(X = Cl or Me), [W(NBut)2(NH2But)Cl(µ-Cl)]2, and [W2Cu5(NBut)2(µ-NBut)6(NHBut)2]BF4." J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., no. 9 (1990): 2753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9900002753.

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39

Gómez-Ortiz, L. Adriana, Raymundo Cea-Olivares, Verónica Garcı́a-Montalvo, and Simón Hernández-Ortega. "Dimeric dithiocarbamates of stannolane. An example of the presence of secondary bonds in the formation of an inorganic ring. Molecular and crystal structure of 2-nbutyl-2-(dimethyldithiocarbamate)-1,3,2-oxathiastannolane and 2-nbutyl-2-(piperidyldithiocarbamate)-1,3,2-oxathiastannolane." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 654, no. 1-2 (July 2002): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-328x(02)01373-6.

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40

Pirdankar, Onkar H., Vaishal P. Kenia, Merlin Saldanha, and Raj V. Kenia. "Effectiveness of eye-light therapy in improving dry eye symptoms." Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 7, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijceo.2021.101.

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: We aimed to examine the effectiveness of eye-light therapy in improving the dry eye symptoms.: The retrospective case series where patients who underwent eye-light therapy between March 2019 to May 2020 were analyzed. Twenty patients aged ≥18 years with dry eyes were included. Patients with ocular infections, complications, contact lens users and missing data were excluded. OSDI scores and tear parameters such as noninvasive break up time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear meniscus height, meibography of upper and lower lid were evaluated pre and post one month Eye-Light therapy.: Twenty patients with mean±SD age of 43.55±20.53 years and mean spherical equivalent refractive error of 0.69±1.79 diopters were analyzed. OSDI was significantly associated with NBUT (r=-0.50, P = 0.02), lipid layer thickness (r=-0.45, P=0.047) and tear height (r =-0.45, P=0.046). OSDI was positively associated with upper lid meibography (r=0.74, P=<0.001) and lower lid meibography (r=0.45, P=0.045). Post-therapy, reduction in OSDI score post-therapy was present, NBUT was similar, lipid layer thickness and tear height were increased, meibography of upper lid was reduced, and meibography of lower lid did not alter much. Eye-light therapy is effective in reducing dry eye related symptoms with minimal immediate effect on tear film parameters post therapy. Eye-light therapy acts as an adjunct to ameliorate MGD. MGD being a chronic disease requires sustained therapy with environmental changes. Long term evaluation is required to assess the tear film changes and the pattern of efficacy of light therapy.

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41

Sheard, Michael. "Co-critical points of elementary embeddings." Journal of Symbolic Logic 50, no. 1 (March 1985): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2273800.

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Probably the two most famous examples of elementary embeddings between inner models of set theory are the embeddings of the universe into an inner model given by a measurable cardinal and the embeddings of the constructible universeLinto itself given by 0#. In both of these examples, the “target model” is a subclass of the “ground model” (and in the latter case they are equal). It is not hard to find examples of embeddings in which the target model is not a subclass of the ground model: ifis a generic ultrafilter arising from forcing with a precipitous ideal on a successor cardinalκ, then the ultraproduct of the ground model viacollapsesκ. Such considerations suggest a classification of how close the target model comes to “fitting inside” the ground model.Definition 1.1. LetMandNbe inner models (transitive, proper class models) of ZFC, and letj:M→Nbe an elementary embedding. Theco-critical pointofjis the least ordinalλ, if any exist, such that there isX⊆λ, X∈NbutX∉M. Such anXis called anew subsetofλ.It is easy to see that the co-critical point ofj:M→Nis a cardinal inN.

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42

Zhang, Wei, Hua Shen, Long Ma, Baixin Shen, Zicheng Xu, and Xinru Wang. "Differential expression of peroxiredoxin 6 in fetal rat testis following in utero exposure to di(nbutyl) phthalate." Toxicology 240, no. 1-2 (October 2007): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2007.07.021.

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43

Gielen, M., and J. Nasielski. "Substitution Électrophile Aliphatique. Mécanisme et Vitesse de la Réaction D'Iododémétallation des Tétraméthyl, Éthyl, nPROPYL, nBUTYL et Allylétains." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 71, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2010): 32–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19620710104.

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44

Chiu, Hsin-Tien, Wen-Yu Ho, and Shiow-Huey Chuang. "Deposition of molybdenum carbonitride thin films from Mo(NBut)2(NHBut)2." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 7 (July 1994): 1622–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.1622.

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Mo(NBut)2(NHBu1)2 is used as a single-source precursor to deposit thin films of cubic phase molybdenum carbonitride, MoCxNy (x: 0.2-0.55, y: 0.1-0.47), by chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates. In general, the C/Mo ratios increased from 0.2 to 0.55 and the N/Mo ratios decreased from 0.47 to 0.1 with increasing the temperature of deposition from 773 to 923 K. Based on the elemental composition and the composition of the gas phase products, it is proposed that the carbon atoms were incorporated through β-methyl activation of the ligands.

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45

Mommertz, Andreas, Roland Leo, Werner Massa, Klaus Harms, and Kurt Dehnicke. "Synthese eines Titana-Oxacyclohexanringes durch kontrollierte Ringöffnung von Tetrahydrofuran. Kristallstrukturen von [Ti(CH2)4O{Me2Si(NBut)2}]2, [TiCl{Me2Si(NBut)2}]3(μ3-O)(μ3-Cl) und [Li2(THF)3{Me2Si(NBut)2}]." Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 624, no. 10 (October 1998): 1647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-3749(199810)624:10<1647::aid-zaac1647>3.0.co;2-4.

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46

Danopoulos, Andreas A., Geoffrey Wilkinson, Tracy K. N. Sweet, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "Reactions of electrophiles with [ButN)2ReVI(µ-NBut)]2." J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans., no. 14 (1996): 2995–3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/dt9960002995.

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47

Hwang, J. S., P. Pollet, and M. M. Saleem. "ESR line shape studies ofN‐(4‐nbutyl benzilidine) 4‐amino 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl piperidine 1‐oxide (BBTMPO) in toluene." Journal of Chemical Physics 84, no. 2 (January 15, 1986): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.450603.

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48

SOUZA, Everton Igor Severino, Gabriel Luiz PIATI, Christian Rones Wruck de Souza OSÓRIO, Hugo Manoel DE SOUZA, Osvaldir Feliciano DOS SANTOS, and Diógenes Martins BARDIVIESSO. "AGRONOMIC AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF UREA TREATED WITH N-(nbutyl) thiophosphoric triamide APPLIED IN MAIZE CULTIVATION TOP-DRESSING." Nucleus 17, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/1982.2278.2853.

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49

Mosquera, Marta E. G., Alexander D. Hopkins, Paul R. Raithby, Alexander Rothenberger, Anthony D. Woods, Dominic S. Wright, and Alexander Steiner. "Synthesis and structure of [{Sn4(NBut)3P}{Sn4(NBut)3(OSiMe3)}]; a low-oxidation state p-block metal complex containing a P3− anion." Chemical Communications, no. 4 (2001): 327–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b008108f.

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50

Danopoulos, Andreas A., Wa-Hung Leung, Geoffrey Wilkinson, Bilquis Hussain-Bates, and Michael B. Hursthouse. "t-Butylimido complexes of chromium. X-ray crystal structures of Cr(NBut) 2(PMe2Ph)Cl2 and [Cr(NBut)2(C5H4N)2(η1- O3SCF3)]O3SCF3." Polyhedron 9, no. 21 (January 1990): 2625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5387(00)86839-4.

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