Academic literature on the topic 'NBU air showers'
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Journal articles on the topic "NBU air showers"
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Bhadra, A., S. K. Sarkar, C. Chakrabarti, B. Ghosh, and N. Chaudhuri. "The NBU extensive air shower telescope for observation of UHE point sources." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 414, no. 2-3 (September 1998): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(98)00625-1.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "NBU air showers"
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Spies, Franziska Caroline Verfasser], and D. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Horns. "Searching for Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of Electromagnetic Air Showers at TeV energies with H.E.S.S. / Franziska Caroline Spies. Betreuer: Dieter Horns." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-77366.
Full textBooks on the topic "NBU air showers"
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Williams, Sonja D. Struggling to Fly. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039874.003.0010.
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This chapter focuses on Richard Durham's career as a scriptwriter for television. Durham had been wanting to write for television since the early 1950s. The year 1969 brought the promise of creating a unique TV series, to be called More from My Life. The show, to air on noncommercial station WTTW-TV, would be a soap opera about black life in Chicago. In the past, Durham's TV scriptwriting desires had been dashed while he legally sparred with NBC. But after that fight ended, Durham served as a ghostwriter for science fiction shows like One Step Beyond, Climax, and The Outer Limits, as well as other TV dramas during the late 1950s. By the time Durham began his stint with WTTW, Blacks were becoming more visible on America's TV screens, especially in advertisements and public service announcements. Durham transformed More from My Life into Bird of the Iron Feather, which made its broadcast debut on January 19, 1970. After only seven weeks on the air, however, it was terminated by WTTW.
Book chapters on the topic "NBU air showers"
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Widelska, Ewelina, Barbara Sowińska-Świerkosz, and Wojciech Walczak. "Natural Water Reservoirs as an Example of Effective Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)." In Environmental Sciences. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106070.
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) include actions that are inspired and/or powered by nature. The level of human intervention can vary from no or minimum intervention to the creation of the entire new ecosystems. One of the types of such solutions are natural water reservoirs (NWRs) with recreational and bathing functions, in which natural water self-purification processes are used. Mechanical, biological, and chemical self-purification processes are used to filter water in natural swimming pools. The elimination of nutrients (nutrients) and bacterial contamination takes place through the use of biological filter beds, usually planted with aquatic vegetation. Implementation of natural water reservoirs also showed a multitude of positive effects on the environment benefits including: enhancing the natural capital, promoting biodiversity, creating new habitats, mitigating water runoff, enhancing water resilience, contribution to urban heat island (UHI) mitigation, increasing air quality, and improvement of local climate.
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Crease, Stephanie Stein. "Sing Me a Swing Song." In Rhythm Man, 166—C13P60. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190055691.003.0014.
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Abstract Between 1933 and 1936, the Savoy Ballroom was ground zero for a cross-country cultural wave: swing music and swing dance. Dancers, celebrities, and lookers-on came to the Savoy for its up-to-the-minute music and to dance the Lindy Hop. Chick Webb and His Orchestra were early adapters of the swing beat, which was perfect for the Lindy style and became the Savoy’s soundtrack. At the Savoy, a man named Herbert “Whitey” White organized the top dancers, including France Manning and Norma Miller, into small groups to perform at parties for a few dollars, most of which he would pocket. Later on, some of Whitey’s Lindy Hoppers teams appeared in theater shows, on international tours, and in movies. Webb’s NBC nationwide spots (on WJZ in New York) and the band’s broadcasts from the Savoy kept their music on the air throughout the spring and summer of 1935 and put more of the spotlight on their new vocalist Ella Fitzgerald. On March 31, 1935, Webb and his rhythm section played at the New York Metropolitan Opera’s annual fundraising gala, and Webb received the most press attention ever in Black and white newspapers across the country.
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Burlingame, Jon. "“You are there”Documentaries, News, and Information Programming." In Music for Prime Time, 282—C8.P127. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190618308.003.0009.
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Abstract Richard Rodgers’s Victory at Sea score was a landmark moment in TV scoring, the first time a major Broadway songwriter contributed instrumental themes for a documentary series. Equally stellar names, mostly from the classical field, followed: Norman Dello Joio for Air Power, George Antheil for 20th Century, Morton Gould for World War I. Composers Elmer Bernstein and Lalo Schifrin contributed to David L. Wolper’s 1960s documentaries, including Bernstein’s National Geographic fanfare, and other major composers (Alex North for Africa) followed. Walter Scharf scored dozens of National Geographic and Jacques Cousteau specials, and In Search Of stretched the boundaries of documentary programming, including synth-based scores. News themes at the networks started out simply but eventually became more important, attracting Oscar-winning composers: Henry Mancini for election night music, John Williams at NBC, James Horner at CBS, Bill Conti at ABC. The chapter discusses the origins of the famous Olympics fanfares and themes for PBS documentaries, including a famous theme for The Civil War. Entertainment Tonight boasted a tune everyone can sing; and reality shows demanded a different kind of musical score (largely library based).
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Rabin, Shari. "Reminding Myself That I Am a Jew." In Jews on the Frontier. NYU Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479830473.003.0003.
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Jewish migrants to the United States reveled in their ability to move, but also struggled to adapt to the distinctive social and economic relations of the United States, which was a “world of strangers.” This chapter shows how Jews created a wide range of social ties and institutions—not just congregations—in search of stability, trust, and identity. They entered into friendships and voluntary societies with non-Jews, but also sought out coreligionists through informal ties, newspapers, kosher boardinghouses, fraternalism, and worship services. Gradually, they moved to create Jewish organizations that were public and recognized by the state, including mutual aid societies, literary societies, fraternal lodges, charities, and congregations. Voluntarism did not perfectly map onto Jewish communalism, however, even more so because mobile Jews were rarely consistent, stable, or religiously uniform. This was especially problematic for congregations, which struggled to determine the boundaries and meaning of “membership” as well as the nature of congregational identity, liturgy, and worship.
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Oberlin, Kathleen C. "What Audiences Think of the Creation Museum." In Creating the Creation Museum, 166–92. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479881642.003.0006.
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Preceding chapters largely draw upon data collected on-site to examine internally why the Creation Museum emerged and how it operates. But what does it do for the movement? Who pays attention to the Creation Museum? Tracing perspectives of various audiences outside of the movement provides an external vantage point necessary for determining the extent to which AiG’s efforts have an impact. Analyzing news media coverage of and social media attention to the Creation Museum, this chapter shows the museum attracted attention because of its ability to draw together temporarily bombastic mobilization efforts with its non-disruptive character. It is a building, open every day, hosting large numbers of people and events. Conflict occurs on-site, like counter-demonstrators, rather than in the streets and additional movement efforts are grounded in the place itself. Media attention suggests that AiG and its Creation Museum have already succeeded: so many other social movement organization’s tactics never receive coverage let alone sustain it.
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Sijuade Bamigboye, Olufemi. "Exploration for Fe-Mn Oxides Using Geochemical Signatures in Soil: A Case Study of Part of Northwestern Nigeria." In Geochemistry. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92081.
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Part of northwestern Nigeria was investigated with the aim of delineating concealed mineralization using geochemical signatures in soils. To achieve this, 30 selected soil samples were analysed geochemically. The result of the elemental analysis was subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and isograde plotting, while selected elements were correlated. From the geochemical result, most of the analysed elements have anomalous value in the southern part of the area, while the least values are in the southwestern. From the PCA analysis, six factor groups were distinct. The factor groups were interpreted geochemical to fingerprint mineralization in the area. The result of correlation analysis shows that Fe is negatively correlated with most of the correlated elements. The study concluded that the central part of the study area is mineralized with both manganite and goethite. In addition, manganese mineralization is indicated by elemental association: Zn+As+Be+Bi+Co+Nb+Ni+CsP+Al+Ca+Cd+Li+K, while iron mineralization is indicated with Zr+Th+Pd+Mo+V+Sn+Cr+Ce+InSc+P+Pb association.
Conference papers on the topic "NBU air showers"
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Dong, Xianping, Lin Zhao, Feng Sun, and Lanting Zhang. "Strengthening of an Al-Containing Austenitic Stainless Steel at High Temperature." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95494.
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Three Al-containing austenitic steels with slightly different contents of Nb, V and C in the Fe-19.95Ni-14.19Cr-2.25Al-2.46Mo-1.95Mn-0.15Si-0.01B (wt.%) system were designed to study the effect of precipitations on creep/rupture resistance. After induction melting, alloys were cast into a metal mold followed by thermo-mechanical treatment. A continuous Al-rich oxide scale was formed on the surface after exposure at 800°C for 146 hrs in air. By decreasing the C content from 0.07 to 0.04%, coarse NbC precipitates in the as-cast microstructure could be removed during annealing treatment. Thermo-mechanical treatment enabled nano-scale precipitation of NbC in the alloys containing 0.04% C. Although the yield strength of the alloy with 0.07% C was relatively high at 750°C, its creep/rupture life was 164 hrs at 700°C/150 MPa. Alloys having low carbon content formed a uniform fine MC precipitation around 10–20 nm and showed a creep/rupture life between 1002 and 1530 hrs at 700°C/150 MPa. This is comparable with that of super304H tested under the same condition. Fe2(Mo,Nb) Laves phase was found in the microstructure after creep/rupture testing. NiAl precipitated in alloys after creep/rupture testing for more than 1000 hrs. However, strengthening effect from these two phases is not obvious, indicating that nano-scale NbC precipitates are the major source of strengthening during creep/rupture at high temperature. In addition, nano-scale (Nb,V)C was found in V containing alloy corresponding to the longest creep/rupture life.
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Yin, Jixiang, Guojun Li, and Zhenping Feng. "Effects of Corrugation Angle on Flow and Heat Transfer in Cross Corrugation Channels With Sinusoidal Waves." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68282.
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Fluid field and heat transfer in a cross-corrugated (CC) geometry with sinusoidal wavy plates have been investigated with laminar flow assumption. The 7 × 7 multiple channels configuration with six different corrugation intersection angles θ are studied. For air mass flow rates in the range of 50 ≤ Re ≤ 2000 and P/Hi = 2.2, average Nu and Fanning friction factor f are analyzed. Numerical results show that Fanning friction factors increase with corrugation intersection angle θ. But the Re of transition to turbulence decreases when θ > 90°. Moreover, the absence of a sharp transition is demonstrated for θ ≤ 90°. The distribution of local Nu becomes slightly flatter along the width when θ increases. The maximal Nu locates near the main flow trailing position and at the entrances of the neighborhood outflows, the minimum Nu locates at the contact points of top plate and bottom plate. Average Nu shows different variety with various ranges of corrugation intersection angle θ and Re, the maximum average Nu is obtained with 120° plate. Predictive correlations of f and Nu with Re have been carried out base on the numerical results. The sinusoidal wavy plates have a Nu which is about 6.5 times higher than that of a parallel-plate channel. And the concomitant f is about 54 times higher than that of the sinusoidal wavy plates. At last, the comprehensive assessment of the surfaces performance shows that the 30° plate surface has the optimal performance, while the one with 150° angle has the worst performance.
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Huh, Michael, Jiang Lei, and Je-Chin Han. "Influence of Channel Orientation on Heat Transfer in a Two-Pass Smooth and Ribbed Rectangular Channel (AR=2:1) Under Large Rotation Numbers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22190.
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Experiments were conducted in a rotating two-pass cooling channel with an aspect ratio of 2:1 (Dh = 16.9 mm). Results for two surface conditions are presented: smooth and one ribbed configuration. For the ribbed channel, the leading and trailing walls are roughened with ribs (P/e = 10, e/Dh = 0.094) and are placed at an angle (α = 45°) to the mainstream flow. For each surface condition, two angles of rotation (β = 90°, 135°) were studied. For each angle of rotation, five Reynolds numbers (Re = 10K–40K) were considered. At each Reynolds number, five rotational speeds (Ω = 0–400 rpm) were considered. The maximum rotation number and buoyancy parameter reached were 0.45 and 0.85, respectively. Results showed that rotation effects are minimal in ribbed channels, at both angles of rotation, due to the strong interaction of rib and Coriolis induced vortices. In the smooth case, the channel orientation proved to be important and a beneficial heat transfer increase on the leading surface in the first pass (radially outward flow) was observed at high rotation numbers. The correlations developed in this study for predicting heat transfer enhancement due to rotation using the buoyancy parameter showed markedly good agreement with experimental data (+/-10%). Finally, heat transfer under rotating conditions on the tip cap showed to be quite dependent on channel orientation. The maximum tip cap Nu/Nus ratio observed was 2.8.
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Sleiti, A. K., and J. S. Kapat. "Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Rotating Curved Duct at High Rotation and Density Ratios." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53028.
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Prediction of flow field and heat transfer of high rotation numbers and density ratio flow in a square internal cooling channels of turbine blades with U-turn as tested by Wagner et. al (1991) is the main focus of this study. Rotation, buoyancy and strong curvature affect the flow within these channels. Due to the fact that RSM turbulence model can respond to the effects of rotation, streamline curvature and anisotropy without the need for explicit modeling, it is employed for this study as it showed improved prediction compared to isotropic two-equation models. The near wall region was modeled using enhanced wall treatment approach. RSM was validated against available experimental data (which are primarily at low rotation and buoyancy numbers). The model was then used for cases with high rotation numbers (as much as 1.29) and high-density ratios (up to 0.4). Particular attention is given to how secondary flow, velocity and temperature profiles, turbulence intensity and Nusselt number area affected by coriolis and buoyancy/centrifugal forces caused by high levels of rotation and buoyancy in the immediate vicinity of the bend. The results showed that 4-side-average Nu, similar to low Ro cases, increases linearly by increasing rotation number and, unlike low Ro cases, decreases slightly by increasing density ratio.
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Lan, Jiang, Lei Zhu, and Jingquan Zhao. "Modeling and Analysis of Cross-Flow Heat Exchanger Based on the Distributed Parameter Method." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86235.
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The cross-flow heat exchanger model based on distributed parameter method which could be applied further in a complex system simulation is established in this paper. Then both steady and transient simulations of a triangle plate-fin cross-flow heat exchanger are achieved. The conclusion indicates that there is a critical point, when the number of distributed elements continues to increase, errors can be neglected. In dry air condition, steady results are proved identical to the ones of the well-known effectiveness-NTU method. Transient simulations are also participated under both dry air and moist air conditions in the interest of discussing the dynamic performance of the heat exchanger, and latent heat shows a great influence on the outlet temperature in moist air condition. Moreover, the effect of fouling is studied as a modification. All the simulations are performed on the commercial software Flowmaster.
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Ma, Chao, Jianfei Wang, Shusheng Zang, and Yongbin Ji. "Comparative Study of Impinging Jet Array Heat Transfer on a Flat Plate Cooled by Superheated Steam and Air." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25493.
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In modern gas turbine, using superheated steam to cool the vane and the liner of combustion chamber is a promising alternative to traditional compressor air. Infrared camera was applied to measure the spatial distribution of the impingement heat transfer coefficient on a flat plate cooled by superheated steam and air in this paper. The experimental study revealed the distribution of local heat transfer coefficients over a flat plate cooled by steam and air in an array of 3×5 impinging jets module. Results showed that the impingement cooling heat transfer is enhanced by the increase of mass flow rate, and the superheated steam cooling could improve area averaged heat transfer performance 35.3∼83.0% more than air cooling in the same mass flow rate conditions in the experiment. The influence of the jet-to-plate spacing ratio (Zn/d) and the jet-to-jet spacing ratio (Yn/d) on heat transfer were also investigated. It was concluded that the heat transfer is enhanced with the increase of Yn/d or the decrease of Zn/d based on the same area. Furthermore, three-dimensional and steady state computations had been carried out for experimental operating conditions. The Numerical results and experimental data have good agreements with each other for both the area averaged Nu and the local Nu, so results of the numerical model are expecting reliable. Results based Numerical models showed detailed characteristics of the distribution of the velocity and turbulence level, which revealed underlying mechanisms of pressure loss and flow structure for steam cooing and air cooling respectively.
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Ibrahim, Mounir B., Bejoy J. Kochuparambil, Srinath V. Ekkad, and Terrence W. Simon. "CFD for Jet Impingement Heat Transfer With Single Jets and Arrays." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68341.
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CFD experiments were conducted for heat transfer with jet impingement over solid surfaces. The parameters include: 1) Jet Reynolds number from 3,000 to 23,000, 2) Jet-to-target-plate spacing (z/d), from 2 to 14 (single jet), d is jet diameter, 3) Target plate shape: 3a) flat, 3b) concave, 3c) convex, (single jet), 4) One row of seven jets impinging on a flat surface, the channel has one end closed (at 24d away from the most upstream jet axis), 5) Three rows of seven jets each in-line arrangement impinging on a flat surface, the channel has one end closed (at 24d away from the most upstream jet axis). Four CFD models (utilizing FLUENT commercial code) have been considered: 1) laminar flow (no turbulent transport), and turbulent flow with turbulence modeling by 2) the standard k–ε model, 3) the k–ω model, and 4) the v2–f model. The predictions of Nu number for each case were compared with experimental data available from the literature. It is shown that the v2–f model gives the best overall performance, though the k–ω model gives good predictions for most of the flow, with the exception of near the stagnation zone for some cases. The models are in much better agreement (with the data) as z/d grows and at larger radial locations from the jet axis, as expected. For multiple jets in one row (z/d = 2), again the v2–f showed the best overall agreement with the experimental data. The k–ω model is not as good while k–ε clearly overpredicts the Nusselt numbers. For multiple jets in three inline rows (z/d = 5), all the three models were in overall agreement with the experimental data. However, k–ε and k–ω exhibit an important phenomenon, reported by the experiments: a decrease of the stagnation Nu from the upstream jet to the downstream ones. The v2–f model did not reproduce this feature.
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Hwang, Jieun, and Keumnam Cho. "Prediction of Non-Uniform Frost Distribution on a Fin Tube Heat Exchanger." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17753.
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Heat exchanger experiences frost on its surface when it operates below 0°C under heating condition of the heat pump. Since frost blocks air flow through the fin tube heat exchanger, it increases air-side pressure drop and deteriorates heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger. Prediction of the frost profiles on the heat exchanger is needed to minimize the unfavorable effect on the heat exchanger by frost. The present study predicts non-uniform frost distribution on the surface of fin-tube heat exchanger and shows its accuracy by comparing with measured profiles. Fin and tube heat exchanger for heat pump was considered for the frost prediction under practical refrigerant and air conditions. Non-uniform frost pattern was predicted by using segment by segment method of the heat exchanger. Heat transfer rate and exit temperature of air and refrigerant for each segment were calculated by applying ε-NTU method. Air volume flow rate in the front of the heat exchanger was decreased as frost goes on. It was utilized for the prediction of the frost formation. Numerically predicted results were compared with measured local data. They agreed within ±10.4% under the ISO 5151 condition.
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Ito, Ryuta, Kenichiro Takeishi, Yutaka Oda, and Naoki Yoshida. "Heat Transfer for Round Air Jets Flowing Along a Concave Surface." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32616.
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Local Nusselt number distributions for a square array of round air jets impinging on a flat surface and a concave surface were measured in high resolution by naphthalene sublimation techniques. Corresponding numerical simulations using a realizable k-ε model were also conducted to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of the multiple jets and to clarify the complex flow structure. The experiments were conducted for Re = 5000, 10000, and 15000 at the non-dimensional nozzle to plate distance of 3.75. The Nusselt number for both flat and concave surfaces increased as Reynolds number increased from 5000 to 10000. Unexpectedly, experimental results showed the tendency of Nu to be saturated for Re = 15000, while showing a monotonic increase in numerical simulations. Most amount of wall jets from a central impinging jet formed large-scale recirculating flows, which surrounded free jet region of each jet, while some other wall jet were entrained by a small vortical structure near the target wall and merged into large-scale recirculating flow of the neighboring jets.
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Chen, Tony D. "Effectiveness of 3-Row Crossflow Heat Exchangers With Alternating Circuitry." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47104.
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Air-cooled heat exchangers with three tube rows are commonly seen in domestic air-conditioning systems. The analytical solutions of heat exchanger effectiveness for three-row plate fin-and-tube heat exchangers with alternating circuitries have been derived and expressed explicitly in terms of heat capacity ratio and number of transfer units in the recent study. These set of exact solutions serve as a basic tool in designing heat exchanger circuitry to its most accurate possible effectiveness. Comparison of plate-fin-tube heat exchanger effectiveness between airside unmixed and mixed for three-row configurations shows that the effectiveness could be different from 0.3 to 2.4% for the NTUs (Number of Thermal Units) range from 1.0 to 3.0. On the other hand, the result of the comparison of effectiveness between identical and alternating circuiting for 3-row crossflow heat exchangers shows that alternating circuiting could have less effectiveness than identical circuiting from 0.4 to 8.8% in the NTUs range from 1.0 to 3.0. Nevertheless, alternating circuit has its benefit for lower NTU cases, result shows that it could have 1.7 to 0.1% advantages over identical flow arrangement for 2-row heat exchangers with NTUs range from 1.0 to 2.0.
Reports on the topic "NBU air showers"
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Fluhr, Robert, and Maor Bar-Peled. Novel Lectin Controls Wound-responses in Arabidopsis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697123.bard.
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Innate immune responses in animals and plants involve receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecules. In plants, one set of this defense system is characterized by large families of TIR–nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat (TIR-NBS-LRR) resistance genes. The direct interaction between plant proteins harboring the TIR domain with proteins that transmit and facilitate a signaling pathway has yet to be shown. The Arabidopsis genome encodes TIR-domain containing genes that lack NBS and LRR whose functions are unknown. Here we investigated the functional role of such protein, TLW1 (TIR LECTIN WOUNDRESPONSIVE1). The TLW1 gene encodes a protein with two domains: a TIR domain linked to a lectin-containing domain. Our specific aim in this proposal was to examine the ramifications of the TL1-glycan interaction by; A) The functional characterization of TL1 activity in the context of plant wound response and B) Examine the hypothesis that wounding induced specific polysaccharides and examine them as candidates for TL-1 interactive glycan compounds. The Weizmann group showed TLW1 transcripts are rapidly induced by wounding in a JA-independent pathway and T-DNA-tagged tlw1 mutants that lack TLW1 transcripts, fail to initiate the full systemic wound response. Transcriptome methodology analysis was set up and transcriptome analyses indicates a two-fold reduced level of JA-responsive but not JA-independent transcripts. The TIR domain of TLW1 was found to interact directly with the KAT2/PED1 gene product responsible for the final b-oxidation steps in peroxisomal-basedJA biosynthesis. To identify potential binding target(s) of TL1 in plant wound response, the CCRC group first expressed recombinant TL1 in bacterial cells and optimized conditions for the protein expression. TL1 was most highly expressed in ArcticExpress cell line. Different types of extraction buffers and extraction methods were used to prepare plant extracts for TL1 binding assay. Optimized condition for glycan labeling was determined, and 2-aminobenzamide was used to label plant extracts. Sensitivity of MALDI and LC-MS using standard glycans. THAP (2,4,6- Trihydroxyacetophenone) showed minimal background peaks at positive mode of MALDI, however, it was insensitive with a minimum detection level of 100 ng. Using LC-MS, sensitivity was highly increased enough to detect 30 pmol concentration. However, patterns of total glycans displayed no significant difference between different extraction conditions when samples were separated with Dionex ICS-2000 ion chromatography system. Transgenic plants over-expressing lectin domains were generated to obtain active lectin domain in plant cells. Insertion of the overexpression construct into the plant genome was confirmed by antibiotic selection and genomic DNA PCR. However, RT-PCR analysis was not able to detect increased level of the transcripts. Binding ability of azelaic acid to recombinant TL1. Azelaic acid was detected in GST-TL1 elution fraction, however, DHB matrix has the same mass in background signals, which needs to be further tested on other matrices. The major findings showed the importance of TLW1 in regulating wound response. The findings demonstrate completely novel and unexpected TIR domain interactions and reveal a control nexus and mechanism that contributes to the propagation of wound responses in Arabidopsis. The implications are to our understanding of the function of TIR domains and to the notion that early molecular events occur systemically within minutes of a plant sustaining a wound. A WEB site (http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/hormonometer/) was set up that enables scientists to interact with a collated plant hormone database.