Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nb3Sn superconductor

Academic literature on the topic 'Nb3Sn superconductor'

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Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Nb3Sn superconductor":

1

Talantsev, Evgeny F., Evgeniya G. Valova-Zaharevskaya, Irina L. Deryagina, and Elena N. Popova. "Characteristic Length for Pinning Force Density in Nb3Sn." Materials 16, no. 14 (July 24, 2023): 5185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16145185.

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The pinning force density, Fp, is one of the main parameters that characterize the resilience of a superconductor to carrying a dissipative-free transport current in an applied magnetic field. Kramer (1973) and Dew-Hughes (1974) proposed a widely used scaling law for this quantity, where one of the parameters is the pinning force density maximum, Fp,max, which represents the maximal performance of a given superconductor in an applied magnetic field at a given temperature. Since the late 1970s to the present, several research groups have reported experimental data on the dependence of Fp,max on the average grain size, d, in Nb3Sn-based conductors. Fp,maxd datasets were analyzed and a scaling law for the dependence Fp,maxd=A×ln1/d+B was proposed. Despite the fact that this scaling law is widely accepted, it has several problems; for instance, according to this law, at T=4.2 K and d≥650 nm, Nb3Sn should lose its superconductivity, which is in striking contrast to experiments. Here, we reanalyzed the full inventory of publicly available Fp,maxd data for Nb3Sn conductors and found that the dependence can be described by the exponential law, in which the characteristic length, δ, varies within a remarkably narrow range of δ=175±13 nm for samples fabricated using different technologies. The interpretation of this result is based on the idea that the in-field supercurrent flows within a thin surface layer (thickness of δ) near grain boundary surfaces (similar to London’s law, where the self-field supercurrent flows within a thin surface layer with a thickness of the London penetration depth, λ, and the surface is a superconductor–vacuum surface). An alternative interpretation is that δ represents the characteristic length of the exponential decay flux pinning potential from the dominant defects in Nb3Sn superconductors, which are grain boundaries.
2

Rodrigues, D., A. J. Garratt-Reed, and S. Foner. "Experimental determination of k-factors for grain boundary analysis of alloyed Nb3Sn superconductor wires." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 1008–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172772.

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In superconductors the critical current densities are limited by the ability of the pinning centers in the material to pin flux lines. In A15-type superconductor wires, such as Nb3Sn, the pinning centers are the boundaries of A15 grains formed during the reaction heat treatment between the Nb and Sn at 650-750°C. The pinning behavior in these wires usually relates the average grain size and average composition of the A15 phase to the pinning force measured for the same wire. Few publications described the variations of the pinning behavior due to changes in the grain and grain-boundary compositions. In order to better understand the pinning behavior in regular A15 wires or in new wires with artificial pinning centers, the concentrations of elements across the grains and at the grain boundaries must be analyzed. These concentrations change the chemical potential of the region and, consequently, the interaction energy between the flux line lattice and the pinning centers. For our superconductor wires, the Nb3Sn grains could contain Nb, Sn, Cu, and Ta or Ti.
3

Hall, Ernest L., Lee E. Rumaner, and Mark G. Benz. "Interfacial studies in Nb3Sn superconductors." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087264.

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The intermetallic compound Nb3Sn is a type-II superconductor of interest because it has high values of critical current density Jc in high magnetic fields. One method of forming this compound involves diffusion of Sn into Nb foil containing small amounts of Zr and O. In order to maintain high values of Jc, it is important to keep the grain size in the Nb3Sn as small as possible, since the grain boundaries act as flux-pinning sites. It has been known for many years that Zr and O were essential to grain size control in this process. In previous work, we have shown that (a) the Sn is transported to the Nb3Sn/Nb interface by liquid diffusion along grain boundaries; (b) the Zr and O form small ZrO2 particles in the Nb3Sn grains; and (c) many very small Nb3Sn grains nucleate from a single Nb grain at the reaction interface. In this paper we report the results of detailed studies of the Nb3Sn/Nb3Sn, Nb3Sn/Nb, and Nb3Sn/ZrO2 interfaces.
4

Han, Xuheng. "The Manufacture and Performance of Low Temperature Superconductors." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2152, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2152/1/012049.

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Abstract The application of Nb3Sn superconductor joints is an important part in the production of ITER, MRI and so on. This paper first introduced the application, like coil of MRI, and basic information including the micro crystal structure of Nb3Sn superconductor, which includes the theoretical critical temperature of 18.1K, even mostly, experiments take place under 4.2K, which is the boiling point of liquid helium. Second, it talked a little about the production of CICC joints in industry. Then, mainly introduced the testing device, material parameters and testing procedures of resistance testing of Nb3Sn joints. Concluded all the data from several tests and summarized it. At last, it displayed some of its mechanical property especially about its brittle property and discussed some details in manufacture. Finally conclude about them all.
5

Schiesaro, Irene, Simone Anzellini, Rita Loria, Raffaella Torchio, Tiziana Spina, René Flükiger, Tetsuo Irifune, Enrico Silva, and Carlo Meneghini. "Anomalous Behavior in the Atomic Structure of Nb3Sn under High Pressure." Crystals 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040331.

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In the present study, the local atomic structure of a Nb3Sn superconductor sample has been probed by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) as a function of hydrostatic pressure (from ambient up to 26 GPa) using a diamond anvil cell set-up. The analysis of the Nb-K edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data was carried out combining standard multi shell structural refinement and reverse Monte Carlo method to provide detailed in situ characterization of the pressure-induced evolution of the Nb local structure in Nb3Sn. The results highlight a complex evolution of Nb chains at the local atomic scale, with a peculiar correlated displacement of Nb–Nb and Nb–Nb–Nb configurations. Such a local effect appears related to anomalies evidenced by X-ray diffraction in other superconductors belonging to the same A15 crystallographic structure.
6

Pramono, Andika Widya. "Preliminary Observation on Macro Texture of Nb3Sn Low Temperature Superconductor (LTS)." Advanced Materials Research 789 (September 2013): 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.789.193.

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The macro texture of Nb3Sn superconductor was observed in order to identify the tendency of crystallographic orientation of such A15 compound. The Nb3Sn samples were prepared through the powder metallurgy process with the composition of 24at%Sn-76at%Nb. The well-blended Nb-Sn powder was consolidated by means of the uni-axial compression method, while the subsequent sintering was performed at T = 700°C for t = 96 hr. The macro texture of the sintered samples was measured using D8 Advance XRD Goniometer and the corresponding results were analyzed in the form of pole figures. Preliminary results indicate that the crystallographic orientations of Nb3Sn for both green compact and sintered samples show the strong textures in {112}-pole figures. The intensity of Nb3Sn textures decreases from green compact sample to sintered sample, probably due to the mechanism of recovery recrystallisation following the Nb-Sn inter-diffusion process during sintering.
7

Hidaka, M., H. Fujii, and S. Yamashita. "Structural phase transitions in superconductor Nb3Sn." Phase Transitions 58, no. 4 (August 20, 1996): 247–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411599608241822.

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8

Cantoni, M., V. Abächerli, D. Uglietti, B. Seeber, and R. Flükiger. "Analytical TEM of Nb3Sn Multifilament Superconductor Wires." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S2 (August 2008): 1146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608087175.

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9

Zhang, Zhichao, and Lifan Shi. "Elastic–Plastic Mechanical Behavior Analysis of a Nb3Sn Superconducting Strand with Initial Thermal Damage." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 8313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168313.

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It is well known that the parameters of Nb3Sn superconducting strands are strain sensitive, and the internal brittle Nb3Sn filament can easily break under deformations. A temperature difference from the preparation temperature of about 1000 K to the cryogenic working environment of 4.2 K damages brittle Nb3Sn fibers before working. Based on the Curtin–Zhou model, the damage theory for fiber-reinforced composites is utilized to study the influence of filament fractures caused by thermal stress. According to the typical multi-scale geometric of the EAS-Nb3Sn strand (European Advanced Superconductor, EAS), an efficient hierarchical homogenized calculation model considering filament fracture and matrix plasticity was established. In this work, we took the filament fracture caused by both thermal stresses and mechanical loads into consideration using the secant modulus and simultaneously had the impact of the plastic constitutive of the bronze matrix and the copper protective layer. Mechanical parameters, such as the homogenized secant modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio in different directions of level scale, were predicted at various temperatures. The elastoplastic mechanical behavior of the strands subjected to axial load was analyzed, and the results were in good agreement with the experiment. The initial thermal fiber fracture has non-negligible effects on the mechanical properties of the EAS-Nb3Sn superconducting strand and play the role in accelerating the increase in fiber breakage.
10

Fang, Liu, Weng Peide, Wu Yu, and Long Feng. "Magnetization of Multifilamentary Superconductor Nb3Sn in Perpendicular Field." Plasma Science and Technology 10, no. 6 (December 2008): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1009-0630/10/6/19.

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Journal articles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nb3Sn superconductor":

1

Abdel, Hafiz Mahmoud. "Étude de l'état mécanique des conducteurs en Nb3Sn durant le traitement thermique pour les futurs électro-aimants d'accélérateurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST221.

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Le Nb3Sn est un matériau supraconducteur utilisé dans la fabrication de conducteurs d'électro-aimants à haut champ, et est essentiel pour les futurs accélérateurs de particules. Différentes méthodes de mise en forme existent pour ces conducteurs, mais toutes nécessitent un traitement thermique à des températures supérieures à 600°C afin de permettre la formation du Nb3Sn. Pendant ce traitement thermique, différentes phases intermédiaires se forment, entraînant une évolution des déformations des conducteurs. Il est nécessaire de quantifier ces déformations afin d'assurer l'intégrité de l'électro-aimant et du champ magnétique qu'il génère. Cependant, les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces déformations ne sont pas encore entièrement compris, et il n'existe actuellement pas de modèle permettant d'évaluer l'état thermomécanique du conducteur pendant le traitement thermique.Le travail présenté traite de l'étude des phénomènes mécaniques qui se produisent pendant le traitement thermique du Nb3Sn. Une analyse microscopique des phénomènes a été menée au niveau du sous-élément, et a permis d'identifier et de quantifier la dynamique des changements de phase. Une mesure expérimentale in situ des déformations des câbles et des brins à l'aide de la corrélation d'images numériques a été réalisée : les changements de dimensions longitudinaux ont permis de confirmer des comportements reportés dans la littératures pour des conducteurs similaires, et a fourni pour la première fois des valeurs de changements de dimensions transverses. Une modélisation thermo-chemo-élastique du brin a enfin été proposée, en prenant en compte les phénomène de changements de phase à l'échelle des sous-élements, ainsi que l'état thermomécanique à l'échelle du brin. Ces modèles permettent pour la première fois d'estimer l'état mécanique d'un conducteur pendant le traitement thermique. Un enrichissement des modèles est nécessaire afin de mieux correspondre aux observations expérimentales
The Nb3Sn phase is a superconducting material used in the fabrication of high-field electro-magnet conductors, and is essential for future particle accelerators. Several methods exist for shaping these conductors, but all require a heat treatment at temperatures above 600°C in order to forme the Nb3Sn. During this heat treatment, different intermediate phases appear, resulting an evolution of conductors deformations. It is necessary to quantify these deformations to ensure the integrity of the electro-magnet and the generated magnetic field. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these deformations are not yet fully understood, and currently, there is no model available to estimate the thermo-mechanical state of the conductor during the heat treatment.The present work focuses on studying the mechanical phenomena occuring during the heat treatment of Nb3Sn conductors. A microscopic analysis of the phenomena was conducted at the sub-element level, allowing the identification and quantification of phase change dynamics. An experimental measurement in situ of cable and strand deformations using digital image correlation was performed. The longitudinal dimensional changes confirmed behaviors reported in the literature for similar conductors and provided, for the first time, values for transverse dimensional changes. A thermo-chemo-elastic modeling of the strand was proposed, taking into account the phase change phenomena at the sub-element scale, as well as the thermomechanical state at the strand scale. These models provide, for the first time, an estimation of the mechanical state of a conductor during thermal processing. Further enrichment of the models is necessary to better align with experimental observations
2

Deambrosis, Silvia Maria. "6 GHz cavities: a method to test A15 intermetallic compounds rf properties." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425962.

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We needed a fast, easy and performing way to produce and measure A15 superconducting resonators. The idea is to build micro-cavities completely equal in shape to the real scale model. 6 GHz resonators can become our cavity shaped samples. Since the International Committee for Future Accelerators recommended that the Linear Collider design has to be based on the superconducting technology, the scientifc world interest is now focused on further developments of new resonant cavities fabrication techniques and cost reduction. It is important to pursue research on new materials: the goal will be the achievement of superconducting cavities working better than the Nb ones at 4.2 K. For superconducting alloys and compounds, at a given operating temperature, the best rf performances (low surface resistance and ?, high relevant critical fields) are obtained for high Tc and low ?n materials. Among the possible candidates, A15 compounds appear to be the most promising. Two of them were chosen: V3Si that has a really high RRR value and Nb3Sn that is the only A15 material already used for a resonant accelerating structure. The process parameters optimization necessary to improve the A15 phase superconducting properties, crystal structure and morphology is going on through the small samples production: this is fundamental but still not enough. We are perfectly aware that having satisfactory results with A15 samples, doesn't mean obtaining good superconducting cavities with ease. That's why we decided to look for the best way to overcome this problem. Our solution is to work directly with cavities. Obviously it would be foolish to use 1.5 GHz resonant structures: it would be too onerous both for the material cost and the cryogenic expense. The idea is to build 6 GHz cavities. They are made from larger cavities fabrication remaining material, they don't need welding (even for flanges) and they can be directly measured inside a liquid helium dewar. Finally it is possible to perform more than one rf test per day. We can check the A15 production experimental procedure directly on a small resonator without modifying the apparatus and shortly verify its quality.
3

Santra, Sangeeta. "Diffusion Controlled Growth of A15-Based Nb3Sn and V3Ga Intermetallic Compounds." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3928.

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The A15-based Nb3Sn and V3Ga superconducting compounds are an integral part of synchrotrons and magnetic fusion reactor technology, especially where a magnetic field higher than 10 T is required, which lies beyond the limit of conventional Nb-Ti superconductors (~8 T). These brittle intermetallic compounds are difficult to manufacture in the form of wires, required for the application purpose, using the traditional wire-drawing process. Hence, bronze technique is adopted to fabricate such filamentary wires. This is based on the solid-state diffusion where A3B compound (A=Nb or V, B=Sn or Ga) forms during the interaction of Cu(B) and A. The operation of pure superconducting wires gets restricted to the field of 12 T, however, the ever-increasing demands for an improved efficiency have promoted the development of these A15 wires with the addition of alloying elements such as Ti and Zr. Many important physical and mechanical properties of such wires depend on the growth behaviour of these compounds. Therefore, understanding the growth of such compounds necessitates an in-depth analysis on diffusion behaviour of various elements in both bronze-based solid solutions as well as A15-intermetallics. Estimation of diffusion parameters makes use of the most commonly used diffusion couple technique. There are mainly three methods available for the estimation of the interdiffusion coefficients, proposed by Matano-Boltzmann (MB), Den Broeder (dB), same as Sauer-Freise (SF) and Wagner. Among these three, MB treatment is known to be the least accurate method, especially when there is a deviation of molar volume in a system from the ideality. At the same time molar volume might affect the estimation process differently for dB and Wagner’s approach. MB method is still being used neglecting the actual molar volume variation. On the other hand, the implementation of dB or Wagner’s approach for the estimation remains to be random. For the first time, we have critically examined the role of molar volume on estimated diffusion parameters and indicated the more accurate approach. Similar analysis for the estimation of the intrinsic diffusion coefficient is conducted considering Heumann and van Loo’s methods. Furthermore, the discussion is extended to the estimations of various diffusion parameters considering the measured composition profile in the V-Ga system. A detailed diffusion study has been conducted on Cu(Ga) and Cu(Sn) solid solutions to examine the role of the vacancy wind effect on interdiffusion. The interdiffusion, intrinsic and impurity diffusion coefficients are determined to facilitate the discussion. It is found that Ga and Sn are the faster diffusing species in the respective systems. The trend of the interdiffusion coefficients is explained with the help of the driving force. Following that, the tracer diffusion coefficients of the species are calculated with and without consideration of the vacancy wind effect. We found that the role of the vacancy wind is negligible on the minor element in a dilute solid solution, which is the faster diffusing species in this system and controls the interdiffusion process. However, consideration of this effect is important to understand the diffusion rate of the major element, which is the slower diffusing species in this system. Major drawback of studying diffusion in multi-component systems is the lack of suitable techniques to estimate the diffusion parameters. In this study, a generalized treatment to determine the intrinsic diffusion coefficients in multi-component systems is developed utilizing the concept of pseudo-binary approach. This is explained with the help of experimentally developed diffusion profile in the Cu(Sn, Ga) solid solution. Based on an interdiffusion study using an incremental diffusion couple in the V-Ga binary system, we have shown that V diffuses via lattice, whereas Ga does so via grain boundaries for the growth of the V3Ga phase. We could estimate the contributions from two different mechanisms, which are, usually, difficult to delineate in an interdiffusion study. Available tracer diffusion studies and the atomic arrangement in the crystal structure have been considered for a discussion on the diffusion mechanisms. Diffusion–controlled growth rate of V3Ga at the Cu(Ga)/V changes dramatically because of a small change in Ga content in Cu(Ga). One atomic percent increase in Ga leads to more than double the product phase layer thickness and a significant decrease in activation energy. Kirkendall marker experiment indicates that V3Ga grows because of diffusion of Ga. Role of different factors influencing the diffusion rate of Ga and high growth rate of V3Ga are discussed. The growth of Nb3Sn by bronze technique on two different single crystals and deformed Nb is studied. The grain boundary diffusion-controlled growth rate is found to be different for each of these three specimens. The difference is explained on the basis of the grain size of Nb3Sn. Elemental additions such as Ti and Zr to either bronze or metal are found to improve the superconducting properties. We have examined their effects on the growth rates of A15-phase formed in Cu(B,x)/A and Cu(B)/(A,x), where x is Ti or Zr. In either cases Ti and Zr-additions result in an improved growth rate of the product phase and reduces activation energy with increase in alloying addition; however few precipitates are formed in the interdiffusion zone for Cu(B,x)/A. Wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS)-mapping reveals these to be x-rich. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-analysis suggests having composition gradient inside a single precipitate. TEM-diffraction demonstrates these to be Ti(A) solid solution crystallizing as BCC-structure for Cu(B,Ti)/A. These are located on grain boundaries of A15-phase. Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD)-analysis demonstrates grain morphology of product phase and found the average grain size to exhibit a decreasing trend with increasing x content. Columnar grains, on Ti and Zr addition tend to form as equiaxed ones. Based on the morphology and grain size pattern, the role of grain boundary diffusion is speculated to have a dominant effect with increase in elemental additions. The texture evolution of the product phase is also investigated and found the product phase to grow as a strongly textured one with the elemental additions. A peculiar pattern is observed for the texture of the product phase and its adjacent A or A(x) grains.
4

Santra, Sangeeta. "Diffusion Controlled Growth of A15-Based Nb3Sn and V3Ga Intermetallic Compounds." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3928.

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Abstract:
The A15-based Nb3Sn and V3Ga superconducting compounds are an integral part of synchrotrons and magnetic fusion reactor technology, especially where a magnetic field higher than 10 T is required, which lies beyond the limit of conventional Nb-Ti superconductors (~8 T). These brittle intermetallic compounds are difficult to manufacture in the form of wires, required for the application purpose, using the traditional wire-drawing process. Hence, bronze technique is adopted to fabricate such filamentary wires. This is based on the solid-state diffusion where A3B compound (A=Nb or V, B=Sn or Ga) forms during the interaction of Cu(B) and A. The operation of pure superconducting wires gets restricted to the field of 12 T, however, the ever-increasing demands for an improved efficiency have promoted the development of these A15 wires with the addition of alloying elements such as Ti and Zr. Many important physical and mechanical properties of such wires depend on the growth behaviour of these compounds. Therefore, understanding the growth of such compounds necessitates an in-depth analysis on diffusion behaviour of various elements in both bronze-based solid solutions as well as A15-intermetallics. Estimation of diffusion parameters makes use of the most commonly used diffusion couple technique. There are mainly three methods available for the estimation of the interdiffusion coefficients, proposed by Matano-Boltzmann (MB), Den Broeder (dB), same as Sauer-Freise (SF) and Wagner. Among these three, MB treatment is known to be the least accurate method, especially when there is a deviation of molar volume in a system from the ideality. At the same time molar volume might affect the estimation process differently for dB and Wagner’s approach. MB method is still being used neglecting the actual molar volume variation. On the other hand, the implementation of dB or Wagner’s approach for the estimation remains to be random. For the first time, we have critically examined the role of molar volume on estimated diffusion parameters and indicated the more accurate approach. Similar analysis for the estimation of the intrinsic diffusion coefficient is conducted considering Heumann and van Loo’s methods. Furthermore, the discussion is extended to the estimations of various diffusion parameters considering the measured composition profile in the V-Ga system. A detailed diffusion study has been conducted on Cu(Ga) and Cu(Sn) solid solutions to examine the role of the vacancy wind effect on interdiffusion. The interdiffusion, intrinsic and impurity diffusion coefficients are determined to facilitate the discussion. It is found that Ga and Sn are the faster diffusing species in the respective systems. The trend of the interdiffusion coefficients is explained with the help of the driving force. Following that, the tracer diffusion coefficients of the species are calculated with and without consideration of the vacancy wind effect. We found that the role of the vacancy wind is negligible on the minor element in a dilute solid solution, which is the faster diffusing species in this system and controls the interdiffusion process. However, consideration of this effect is important to understand the diffusion rate of the major element, which is the slower diffusing species in this system. Major drawback of studying diffusion in multi-component systems is the lack of suitable techniques to estimate the diffusion parameters. In this study, a generalized treatment to determine the intrinsic diffusion coefficients in multi-component systems is developed utilizing the concept of pseudo-binary approach. This is explained with the help of experimentally developed diffusion profile in the Cu(Sn, Ga) solid solution. Based on an interdiffusion study using an incremental diffusion couple in the V-Ga binary system, we have shown that V diffuses via lattice, whereas Ga does so via grain boundaries for the growth of the V3Ga phase. We could estimate the contributions from two different mechanisms, which are, usually, difficult to delineate in an interdiffusion study. Available tracer diffusion studies and the atomic arrangement in the crystal structure have been considered for a discussion on the diffusion mechanisms. Diffusion–controlled growth rate of V3Ga at the Cu(Ga)/V changes dramatically because of a small change in Ga content in Cu(Ga). One atomic percent increase in Ga leads to more than double the product phase layer thickness and a significant decrease in activation energy. Kirkendall marker experiment indicates that V3Ga grows because of diffusion of Ga. Role of different factors influencing the diffusion rate of Ga and high growth rate of V3Ga are discussed. The growth of Nb3Sn by bronze technique on two different single crystals and deformed Nb is studied. The grain boundary diffusion-controlled growth rate is found to be different for each of these three specimens. The difference is explained on the basis of the grain size of Nb3Sn. Elemental additions such as Ti and Zr to either bronze or metal are found to improve the superconducting properties. We have examined their effects on the growth rates of A15-phase formed in Cu(B,x)/A and Cu(B)/(A,x), where x is Ti or Zr. In either cases Ti and Zr-additions result in an improved growth rate of the product phase and reduces activation energy with increase in alloying addition; however few precipitates are formed in the interdiffusion zone for Cu(B,x)/A. Wavelength dispersive spectrometry (WDS)-mapping reveals these to be x-rich. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)-analysis suggests having composition gradient inside a single precipitate. TEM-diffraction demonstrates these to be Ti(A) solid solution crystallizing as BCC-structure for Cu(B,Ti)/A. These are located on grain boundaries of A15-phase. Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD)-analysis demonstrates grain morphology of product phase and found the average grain size to exhibit a decreasing trend with increasing x content. Columnar grains, on Ti and Zr addition tend to form as equiaxed ones. Based on the morphology and grain size pattern, the role of grain boundary diffusion is speculated to have a dominant effect with increase in elemental additions. The texture evolution of the product phase is also investigated and found the product phase to grow as a strongly textured one with the elemental additions. A peculiar pattern is observed for the texture of the product phase and its adjacent A or A(x) grains.

Book chapters on the topic "Nb3Sn superconductor":

1

Miyazaki, T., N. Matsukura, T. Miyatake, M. Shimada, K. Takabatake, K. Itoh, T. Kiyoshi, A. Sato, K. Inoue, and H. Wada. "Improvement of Critical Current Density in the Bronze-Processed Nb3Sn Superconductor." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 943–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9056-6_124.

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2

Yu, D., K. DeMoranville, M. Takayasu, and T. Wong. "A New Technique to Fabricate Multifilament Nb3Sn Superconductor Using Cabled Monocore Subelements." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 911–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9056-6_120.

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3

Ekin, J. W., and S. L. Bray. "High Compressive Axial Strain Effect on the Critical Current and Field of Nb3Sn Superconductor Wire." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1407–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_182.

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4

Okamoto, Hiroyuki, Yutaka Ishihara, and Kitomi Tsutsumi. "Critical Fields of Anisotropic Superconductor Nb3S4." In Advances in Superconductivity III, 249–52. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68141-0_53.

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5

Hazelton, D. W., G. M. Ozeryansky, M. S. Walker, B. A. Zeitlin, K. Hemachalam, E. N. C. Dalder, and L. Summers. "Internal Tin Process Nb3Sn Superconductors for 18 Tesla." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1003–9. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9871-4_119.

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Tachikawa, K., M. Natsuume, H. Tomori, and Y. Kuroda. "High-Field Nb3Sn Superconductors Prepared through a New Route." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1359–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_176.

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Tachikawa, K., Y. Kuroda, H. Tomori, and M. Ueda. "High-Field Performance of Nb3Sn Superconductors Prepared from Intermediate Compound." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 895–902. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9056-6_118.

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Miyazaki, T., N. Matsukura, T. Miyatake, M. Shimada, K. Takabatake, K. Itoh, T. Kiyoshi, A. Sato, K. Inoue, and H. Wada. "Development of Bronze-Processed Nb3Sn Superconductors for 1GHz NMR Magnets." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 935–41. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9056-6_123.

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Summers, L. T., M. J. Strum, and J. R. Miller. "The Characterization of Nb3Sn Superconductors for Use in Magnets of 19 T and Greater." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 77–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9880-6_10.

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Nikulin, A., A. Shikov, A. Vorobjova, N. Khlebova, O. Malafeeva, V. Pantsyrnyi, A. Silaev, N. Beliakov, and M. Semin. "The Investigation of the Effect of Niobium Artificial Doping with Titanium on Nb3Sn Superconductors Properties." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering Materials, 1337–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9059-7_173.

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Conference papers on the topic "Nb3Sn superconductor":

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Renaud, C. V. "Nb3Sn Powder-in-Tube Superconductor: Processing, Design Optimization and Properties." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING: Transactions of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference - ICMC. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1774591.

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Renaud, C. V. "High Field Nb3Sn Superconductor Fabricated by the Internal-Tin-Tube Process." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2192387.

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Gregory, E. "Various Methods of Reducing AC Losses and Improving Stability of Internal-Tin Nb3Sn Superconductors." In ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2192432.

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Reports on the topic "Nb3Sn superconductor":

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Carr, Jr, Wagner W. J., and G. R. Nb3Sn Superconductor Loss Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada262113.

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Herath Mudiyanselage, Dinusha. Terahertz Second Harmonic Generation Form Nb3Sn Superconductor. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1386.

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Author, Not Given. Novel Low-Cost Method of Manufacturing Nb3Sn Multifilamentary Superconductors with Multiple-Tin-Sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1040713.

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Xu, Xingchen. Development of Advanced $Nb_3Sn$ Superconductors for Future Energy-Frontier Colliders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1592123.

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Fermi Research Alliance, LLC. A Novel Low-Cost Method of Manufacturing Nb3Sn Superconductors with Multiple-Tin-Tube Sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617221.

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Sperry, E. Dynamic Stability Threshold in High-Performance Internal-Tin Nb3Sn Superconductors for High Field Magnets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1661619.

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To the bibliography