Journal articles on the topic 'Navigation (Aeronautics)'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Navigation (Aeronautics).
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Navigation (Aeronautics).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
De Oliveira, Patrick Luiz Sullivan. "Martyrs made in the sky: the Zénith balloon tragedy and the construction of the French Third Republic's first scientific heroes." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 74, no. 3 (September 18, 2019): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2019.0022.
Full textAbstract:
Following the balloon's invention in 1783, the French greeted the technology with enthusiasm, speculating extensively about its potential scientific and practical applications. However, the lack of progress in navigating against the winds discredited ballooning, and in the following decades it became the domain of spectacular forms of entertainment and of swindlers trying to defraud public subscriptions. All of this changed after the 1870–1871 Franco-Prussian War, during which balloons were used to breach the siege of Paris. This essay explores how the aeronautical community, led by the recently established Société Française de Navigation Aérienne, mobilized the memory of the war to transform the balloon into a symbol of a heroic republican science. Paramount in that process was the Zénith 's 1875 high-altitude ascent that killed two aeronauts—Joseph Crocé-Spinelli and Théodore Sivel. The tragedy reverberated beyond France's scientific community, and through popular acclaim the two aeronauts became the Third Republic's first scientific martyrs, anticipating the eventual apotheoses of figures like Claude Bernard and Louis Pasteur. The ballooning revival in the last third of the century helped strengthen the association between France and aeronautics, thus setting the stage for the country to acquire a central position in the field by the early twentieth century.
2
Tripathi, Veenu, and Stefano Caizzone. "Virtual Validation of In-Flight GNSS Signal Reception during Jamming for Aeronautics Applications." Aerospace 11, no. 3 (March 5, 2024): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11030204.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate navigation is a crucial asset for safe aviation operation. The GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is set to play an always more important role in aviation but needs to cope with the risk of interference, possibly causing signal disruption and loss of navigation capability. It is crucial, therefore, to evaluate the impact of interference events on the GNSS system on board an aircraft, in order to plan countermeasures. This is currently obtained through expensive and time-consuming flight measurement campaigns. This paper shows on the other hand, a method developed to create a virtual digital twin, capable of reconstructing the entire flight scenario (including flight dynamics, actual antenna, and impact of installation on aircraft) and predicting the signal and interference reception at airborne level, with clear benefits in terms of reproducibility and easiness. Through simulations that incorporate jamming scenarios or any other interference scenarios, the effectiveness of the aircraft’s satellite navigation capability in the real environment can be evaluated, providing valuable insights for informed decision-making and system enhancement. By extension, the method shown can provide the ability to predict real-life outcomes even without the need for actual flight, enabling the analysis of different antenna-aircraft configurations in a specific interference scenario.
3
Weisbin, C., and D. Perillard. "R & D Profile Jet Propulsion Laboratory Robotic Facilities and Associated Research." Robotica 9, no. 1 (January 1991): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700015526.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYThis paper describes the robotics facilities and associated research program of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, lead center in telerobotics for the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Emphasis is placed on evolution from teleoperation to remote System automation. Research is described in manipulator modelling and control, real-time planning and monitoring, navigation in outdoor terrain, real-time sensing and perception, human-machine interface, and overall System architectures. Applications to NASA missions emphasize robotic spacecraft for solar System exploration, satellite servicing and retrieval, assembly of structures, and surveillance. Applications to military missions include battlefield navigation, surveillance, logistics, command and control.
4
Šmelko, Miroslav, Dušan Praslička, and Josef Blažek. "Advanced Magnetic Materials for Aeronautics." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2013, no. 5 (August 21, 2014): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fas-2013-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the field of magnetic sensors, magnetic microwires with positive magnetostriction are the materials of the future. Their mechanical and magnetic properties render them ideal materials for applications in aeronautics. A single microwire with a 40 jj.m diameter and a length of 10 mm is capable of capturing information about tensile stresses, magnetic fields, temperature and distance. This information is carried by a parameter called the Switching Field, HSW, which is specific for different types of microwire. Numerous physical qualities affect the HSW and through sensing of HSW, these qualities may be quantified. (A number of physical qualities affecting HSW can be sensed and quantified by means of a contactless induction method.) What distinguishes the system developed by the present authors from other measuring systems based on magnetic microwires is the positioning of a microwire outside the coil system. Thanks to this improvement it is possible to use microwires embedded directly in the construction material. Small dimensions microwires do not damage the structure of the construction material. The absence of a galvanic connection makes this technology even more interesting compared with traditional forge gauges. Offering the possibility of the simultaneous measuring of four parameters, this technology can be used in a wide range of aviation applications. Measurements of an external magnetic field can be usedfor the navigation and stabilization of an aerial vehicle. Tensile stress and distance measuring can be helpful to understand some processes occurring under the surface of the construction material and also to perform fatigue monitoring or structure load monitoring. Another big advantage of magnetic microwires is the low price. Just 1 gram of base material is sufficient to prepare about 40 km of microwire. All these features combine to offer us a material ideal for Smart Sensors, possibly available for use in the near future.
5
Gruszecki, Jan, Andrzej Tomczyk, Boguslaw Dołega, Tomasz Rogalski, and Pawel Rzucidło. "THE POSSIBILITIES OF CHOSEN APPLICATIONS OF CONTROL AND NAVIGATION SYSTEMS IN GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT AND UNMANNED AIR VEHICLES." Aviation 11, no. 2 (March 31, 2007): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2007.9635957.
Full textAbstract:
The development of informatics and sensor techniques has extended the possibilities of flight parameter measurement. It allows for extensive modification of control and navigation systems in air vehicles. This advance can also be noticed in the research of the Department of Avionics and Control at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology. Research in the area of digital flight control systems was initiated at the Department of Avionics and Control over twenty years ago.
6
Liu, Ruihua, and Chang Liu. "GBAS flight test integrity simulation evaluation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2290, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2290/1/012022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In order to improve the navigation performance of the conventional ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) Category I precision approach phase, the performance ver ification of the integrity technology of the GBAS based on BeiDou satellite navigation system is studied. The integrity and system pseudo-range error models of the CAT I precision approach based on BeiDou are investigated, combined with the provisions in relevant standards and the calculation method of integrity. The experimental results show that the integrity data calculated by the system meets the CAT I precision approach integrity requirements of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics specification and provides a timely warning when anomalies occur in the pseudo-rang error model through changes in the protection level.
7
Dzięgielewski, Wojciech, Bartosz Gawron, and Andrzej Kulczycki. "Low Temperature Properties Of Fuel Mixtures Of Kerosene And Fame Type Used To Supply Turbine Engines In Marine And Other Non-Aeronautical Applications." Polish Maritime Research 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2015-0023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract A worldwide trend to popularise gradually increasing use of biofuels in various applications was a motivation for gaining interest in FAME as a commonly available biocomponent to fuels combusted in turbine engines. These engines are mainly used in aeronautics, but many of them are also used in other, non-aeronautical areas, including marine navigation. Specific conditions in which fuels are combusted in turbine engines used in these applications are the reason why fuel mixtures of kerosene and FAME type should reveal relevant low temperature characteristics. The article presents results of tests of low temperature properties of mixtures of the jet fuel Jet A-1 and methyl esters of higher fatty acids (FAME). The prepared mixtures contained different contents of FAME. The obtained results present changes of: viscosity, cloud point, pour point, crystallising point, and cold filter plugging point, depending on the percentage by volume of FAME. They also prove that the course of changes of low temperature properties of these mixtures is affected by chemical structure of the biocomponent.
8
Volinsky, Irina. "A New Approach for Stabilization Criteria of n-Order Function Differential Equation by Distributed Control Function." Symmetry 15, no. 4 (April 14, 2023): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15040912.
Full textAbstract:
In the current paper, we demonstrate a new approach for an stabilization criteria for n-order functional-differential equation with distributed feedback control in the integral form. We present a correlation between the order of the functional-differential equation and degree of freedom of the distributed control function. We present two cases of distributed control function in the integral form. Such a case of stabilization control functions plays a very important role in physics, aeronautics, aerospace, ship navigation and traffic network control management. Structure of functional-differential equations is based on the symmetry properties.
9
Caizzone, Stefano, Mihaela‐Simona Circiu, Wahid Elmarissi, Christoph Enneking, Michael Felux, and Kazeem Yinusa. "Antenna influence on Global Navigation Satellite System pseudorange performance for future aeronautics multifrequency standardization." Navigation 66, no. 1 (January 2019): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/navi.281.
Full text
10
Ćwiklak, Janusz, Marek Grzegorzewski, and Kamil Krasuski. "The Application of the BSSD Iono-Free Linear Combination Method in the Processing of Aircraft Positioning." Journal of KONES 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0052.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The article presents the results of research into the use of the differentiation technique of BSSD (Between Satellite Single Difference) observations for the Iono-Free LC combination (Linear Combination) in the GPS system for the needs of aircraft positioning. Within the conducted investigations, a positioning algorithm for the BSSD Iono-Free LC positioning method was presented. In addition, an experimental test was conducted, in which raw observational data and GPS navigation data were exploited in order to recover the aircraft position. The examination was conducted for the Cessna 172 and the on-board dual-frequency receiver Topcon HiperPro. The experimental test presents the results of average errors of determining the position of the Cessna 172 in the XYZ geocentric frame and in the ellipsoidal BLh frame. Furthermore, the article presents the results of DOP (Dilution of Precision) coefficients, the test of the Chi square internal reliability test and the HPL and VPL confidence levels in GNSS precision approach (PA) in air transport. The calculations were performed in the original APS software (APS Aircraft Positioning Software) developed in the Department of Air Navigation of the Faculty of Aeronautics at the Polish Air Force University.
11
González Huarte, Javier González, and Aitor Ibarguren. "Visual Servoing Architecture of Mobile Manipulators for Precise Industrial Operations on Moving Objects." Robotics 13, no. 5 (May 2, 2024): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics13050071.
Full textAbstract:
Although the use of articulated robots and AGVs is common in many industrial sectors such as automotive or aeronautics, the use of mobile manipulators is not widespread nowadays. Even so, the majority of applications separate the navigation and manipulation tasks, avoiding simultaneous movements of the platform and arm. The capability to use mobile manipulators to perform operations on moving objects would open the door to new applications such as the riveting or screwing of parts transported by conveyor belts or AGVs. This paper presents a novel position-based visual servoing (PBVS) architecture for mobile manipulators for precise industrial operations on moving parts. The proposed architecture includes a state machine to guide the process through the different phases of the task to ensure its correct execution. The approach has been validated in an industrial environment for screw-fastening operations, obtaining promising results and metrics.
12
Caizzone, Stefano, Georg Buchner, Mihaela-Simona Circiu, Manuel Cuntz, Wahid Elmarissi, and Emilio Pérez Marcos. "A Miniaturized Multiband Antenna Array for Robust Navigation in Aerial Applications." Sensors 19, no. 10 (May 16, 2019): 2258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102258.
Full textAbstract:
Satellite navigation is more and more important in a plethora of very different application fields, ranging from bank transactions to shipping, from autonomous driving to aerial applications, such as avionics as well as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Due to the increasing dependency on satellite navigation, the need for robust systems able to counteract unintentional or intentional interferences is growing. When considering interference-robust designs; however, the complexity increases. Top performance is obtained through the use of multi-antenna receivers capable of performing spatial nulling in the direction of the interference signals. In particular, mobile applications (aeronautics, UAVs, automotive) have a substantial interest in robust navigation, but they also have the strongest constraints on the weight and available places for installation, with the use of bigger and heavier systems posing a substantial problem. In order to overcome this limitation, the present work shows a miniaturized five element (4+1) antenna array, which operates at the L1/E1 band (with array capability), as well as at the L5/E5 band (as a single antenna). The proposed antenna array is able to fit into a 3.5-inch footprint, i.e., is compliant with the most widespread footprints for single antennas. Moreover, it is capable of multiband operation and meets the requirements of dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) systems. Thanks to its extreme miniaturization and its compliance with current airborne single antenna footprints, the presented antenna array is suitable for easy integration in future aerial platforms, while enabling robustness and enhancing interference mitigation techniques using multi-antenna processing.
13
Chen, Cheng, Xiaogang Wang, Wutao Qin, and Naigang Cui. "Vision-based relative navigation using cubature Huber-based filtering." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 5 (July 2, 2018): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2017-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose A novel vision-based relative navigation system (VBRNS) plays an important role in aeronautics and astronautics fields, and the filter is the core of VBRNS. However, most of the existing filtering algorithms used in VBRNS are derived based on Gaussian assumption and disregard the non-Gaussianity of VBRNS. Therefore, a novel robust filtering named as cubature Huber-based filtering (CHF) is proposed and applied to VBRNS to improve the navigation accuracy in non-Gaussian noise case. Design/methodology/approach Under the Bayesian filter framework, the third-degree cubature rule is used to compute the cubature points which are propagated through state equation, and then the predicted mean and the associated covariance are taken. A combined minimum l1 and l2-norm estimation method referred as Huber’s criterion is used to design the measurement update. After that, the vision-based relative navigation model is presented and the CHF is used to integrate the line-of-sight measurements from vision camera with inertial measurement of the follower to estimate the precise relative position, velocity and attitude between two unmanned aerial vehicles. During the design of relative navigation filter, the quaternions are used to represent the attitude and the generalized Rodrigues parameters are used to represent the attitude error. The simulation is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Findings By this means, the VBRNS could perform better than traditional VBRNS whose filter is designed by Gaussian filtering algorithms. And the simulation results demonstrate that the CHF could exhibit robustness when the system is non-Gaussian. Moreover, the CHF has more accurate estimation and faster rate of convergence than extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) in face of inaccurate initial conditions. Originality/value A novel robust nonlinear filtering algorithm named as CHF is proposed and applied to VBRNS based on cubature Kalman filtering (CKF) and Huber’s technique. The CHF could adapt to the non-Gaussian system effectively and perform better than traditional Gaussian filtering such as EKF.
14
McNoldy, Brian, Bachir Annane, Sharanya Majumdar, Javier Delgado, Lisa Bucci, and Robert Atlas. "Impact of Assimilating CYGNSS Data on Tropical Cyclone Analyses and Forecasts in a Regional OSSE Framework." Marine Technology Society Journal 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe impact of assimilating ocean surface wind observations from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is examined in a high-resolution Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) framework for tropical cyclones (TCs). CYGNSS is a planned National Aeronautics and Space Administration constellation of microsatellites that utilizes existing GNSS satellites to retrieve surface wind speed. In the OSSE, CYGNSS wind speed data are simulated using output from a “nature run” as truth. In a case study using the regional Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation scheme, analyses of TC position, structure, and intensity, together with large-scale variables, are improved due to the assimilation of the additional surface wind data. These results indicate the potential importance of CYGNSS ocean surface wind speed data and furthermore that the assimilation of directional information would add further value to TC analyses and forecasts.
15
Lee, Cunbiao, and Shiyi Chen. "Recent progress in the study of transition in the hypersonic boundary layer." National Science Review 6, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy052.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Turbulence is a universal form of fluid motion. It is the key issue in fluid mechanics. Very recently, it has become a bottleneck in some key engineering research of national importance, such as aeronautics, astronautics and navigation. Developed turbulence and the onset of turbulence, i.e. transition, are two interrelated parts of turbulence. The hypersonic boundary-layer transition is a strategic focus in the fluid mechanics community. This article reviews recent developments in the study of the hypersonic boundary-layer transition, research facilities and experimental techniques. The hypersonic quiet wind tunnel is introduced as a necessary device to obtain real flight data in near space. Near-wall measurement techniques, such as temperature-sensitive paint, near-wall particle image velocimetry and Rayleigh-scattering visualization, are shown. The most important issues in the recent development of the transition in the hypersonic boundary layer are addressed. The instability and nonlinear interaction of different instability modes are discussed. The recent contributions from China, especially at Peking University, are also introduced.
16
Cao, Yueling, Jinping Chen, Li Liu, Xiaogong Hu, Yuchen Liu, Jie Xin, Liqian Zhao, Qiuning Tian, Shanshi Zhou, and Bin Wu. "Development Status and Service Performance Preliminary Analysis for BDSBAS." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2022): 4314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174314.
Full textAbstract:
The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) provides positioning, navigation and timing services for global users, moreover, it provides BDS satellite-based augmentation system (BDSBAS) single-frequency (SF) and dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) services for users in China and its surrounding areas. The BDSBAS SF service is in accordance with Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) standard protocol (RTCA MOPS) and augment GPS constellation, while the BDSBAS DFMC service is in line with SBAS L5 DFMC standard protocol and is aimed at supporting any combination of BDS/GPS/Galileo/GLONASS constellations, including only a single constellation operation. We introduced the development status of the BDSBAS system, including the system architecture and navigation user algorithms. Based on the GPS measurements, the accuracy, integrity and availability of the BDSBAS SF service were evaluated, and with the BDS measurements, the accuracy of the BDSBAS DFMC service was preliminarily analyzed. The integrity and availability of the BDSBAS DFMC service will be discussed in future work as some of the DFMC integrity parameters are still under discussion for optimization. The results show that, for BDSBAS SF service, the horizontal and vertical position accuracy were about 1.0 m and 2.0 m (95%), respectively, which were improved by 39% and 33%, respectively, compared with the GPS SF position accuracy. For BDSBAS DFMC service, the horizontal and vertical position accuracy were about 0.6 m and 1.2 m (95%), respectively, which were improved by about 25% and 20% compared with the BDS dual-frequency position accuracy. No system integrity risk event was detected during the testing period for BDSBAS SF service. The average availability of the BDSBAS SF service was about 98% which was mainly affected by the availability of ionospheric grid delay corrections.
17
Carreno-Luengo, Hugo, Guido Luzi, and Michele Crosetto. "Above-Ground Biomass Retrieval over Tropical Forests: A Novel GNSS-R Approach with CyGNSS." Remote Sensing 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12091368.
Full textAbstract:
An assessment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA’s Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) mission for biomass studies is presented in this work on rain, coniferous, dry, and moist tropical forests. The main objective is to investigate the capability of Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) for biomass retrieval over dense forest canopies from a space-borne platform. The potential advantage of CyGNSS, as compared to monostatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) missions, relies on the increasing signal attenuation by the vegetation cover, which gradually reduces the coherent scattering component σ coh , 0 . This term can only be collected in a bistatic radar geometry. This point motivates the study of the relationship between several observables derived from Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs) with Above-Ground Biomass (AGB). This assessment is performed at different elevation angles θ e as a function of Canopy Height (CH). The selected biomass products are obtained from data collected by the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) instrument on-board the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-1). An analysis based on the first derivative of the experimentally derived polynomial fitting functions shows that the sensitivity requirements of the Trailing Edge TE and the reflectivity Γ reduce with increasing biomass up to ~ 350 and ~ 250 ton/ha over the Congo and Amazon rainforests, respectively. The empirical relationship between TE and Γ with AGB is further evaluated at optimum angular ranges using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)-derived Vegetation Optical Depth ( VOD ), and the Polarization Index ( PI ). Additionally, the potential influence of Soil Moisture Content (SMC) is investigated over forests with low AGB.
18
Brachet, Christophe, Alice Andral, Georges Gulemvuga Guzanga, Blaise Léandre Tondo, Pierre-Olivier Malaterre, and Sébastien Legrand. "Suivi hydrologique par altimétrie spatiale dans le bassin du Congo." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 384 (November 16, 2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-37-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Le satellite SWOT sera lancé fin 2022 par le Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) français et la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) américaine. L'altimétrie spatiale permet de compléter les données hydrométriques in situ à travers l'établissement de «stations virtuelles», au croisement de la trace au sol du satellite avec un cours d'eau. SWOT améliorera encore la couverture des zones observées ainsi que la précision grâce à une technologie innovante. Un projet d'appui à la Commission Internationale du bassin Congo-Oubangui-Sangha (CICOS) développé depuis 2016 sur financement de l'Agence Française de Développement (AFD) et facilité par l'Office International de l'Eau (OiEau) permet de promouvoir l'hydrologie spatiale à travers un groupe d'institutions françaises, en appui à la CICOS. Diverses activités ont été développées dont la fourniture d'une base de données spatiales par l'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ainsi que la comparaison avec des données in situ. Une méthodologie innovante a été proposée par l'Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE) pour passer des altitudes aux débits aux stations virtuelles. Des applications spécifiques ont par ailleurs été développées par la Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR) pour l'hydroélectricité et la navigation fluviale.
19
Elgamoudi, Abulasad, Hamza Benzerrouk, G. Arul Elango, and René Landry. "A Survey for Recent Techniques and Algorithms of Geolocation and Target Tracking in Wireless and Satellite Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 6079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136079.
Full textAbstract:
A single Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) is a disturbance source of modern wireless systems depending on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Satellite Communication (SatCom). In particular, significant applications such as aeronautics and satellite communication can be severely affected by intentional and unintentional interference, which are unmitigated. The matter requires finding a radical and effective solution to overcome this problem. The methods used for overcoming the RFI include interference detection, interference classification, interference geolocation, tracking and interference mitigation. RFI source geolocation and tracking methodology gained universal attention from numerous researchers, specialists, and scientists. In the last decade, various conventional techniques and algorithms have been adopted in geolocation and target tracking in civil and military operations. Previous conventional techniques did not address the challenges and demand for novel algorithms. Hence there is a necessity for focussing on the issues associated with this. This survey introduces a review of various conventional geolocation techniques, current orientations, and state-of-the-art techniques and highlights some approaches and algorithms employed in wireless and satellite systems for geolocation and target tracking that may be extremely beneficial. In addition, a comparison between different conventional geolocation techniques has been revealed, and the comparisons between various approaches and algorithms of geolocation and target tracking have been addressed, including H∞ and Kalman Filtering versions that have been implemented and investigated by authors.
20
Huang, Liangke, Lijie Guo, Lilong Liu, Hua Chen, Jun Chen, and Shaofeng Xie. "Evaluation of the ZWD/ZTD Values Derived from MERRA-2 Global Reanalysis Products Using GNSS Observations and Radiosonde Data." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 6440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226440.
Full textAbstract:
Tropospheric delay is one of the main errors affecting high-precision positioning and navigation and is a key parameter of water vapor detection in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) is the latest generation of reanalysis data collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which can be used to calculate tropospheric delay products with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, there is no report analyzing the accuracy of the zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) and zenith wet delay (ZWD) calculated from MERRA-2 data. This paper evaluates the performance of the ZTD and ZWD values derived from global MERRA-2 data using global radiosonde data and International GNSS Service (IGS) precise ZTD products. The results are as follows: (1) Taking the precision ZTD products of 316 IGS stations from around the world from 2015 to 2017 as the reference, the average root mean square (RMS) of the ZTD values calculated from the MERRA-2 data is better than 1.35 cm, and the accuracy difference between different years is small. The bias and RMS of the ZTD values show certain seasonal variations, with a higher accuracy in winter and a lower accuracy in summer, and the RMS decreases from the equator to the poles. However, those of the ZTD values do not show obvious variations according to elevation. (2) Relative to the radiosonde data, the RMS of the ZWD and ZTD values calculated from the MERRA-2 data are better than 1.37 cm and 1.45 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the bias and RMS of the ZWD and ZTD values also show some temporal and spatial characteristics, which are similar to the test results of the IGS stations. It is suggested that MERRA-2 data can be used for global tropospheric vertical profile model construction because of their high accuracy and good stability in the global calculation of the ZWD and ZTD.
21
Carreno-Luengo, Hugo, Juan A. Crespo, Ruzbeh Akbar, Alexandra Bringer, April Warnock, Mary Morris, and Chris Ruf. "The CYGNSS Mission: On-Going Science Team Investigations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (May 6, 2021): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091814.
Full textAbstract:
In 2012, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) selected the CYclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission coordinated by the University of Michigan (UM) as a low-cost and high-science Earth Venture Mission. The CYGNSS mission was originally proposed for ocean surface wind speed estimation over Tropical Cyclones (TCs) using Earth-reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, as signals of opportunity. The orbital configuration of each CYGNSS satellite is a circular Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with an altitude ~520 km and an inclination angle of ~35°. Each single Delay Doppler Mapping Instrument (DDMI) aboard the eight CYGNSS microsatellites collects forward scattered signals along four specular directions (incidence angle of the incident wave equals incidence angle of the reflected wave) corresponding to four different transmitting GPS spacecrafts, simultaneously. As such, CYGNSS allows one to sample the Earth’s surface along 32 tracks simultaneously, within a wide range of the satellites’ elevation angles over tropical latitudes. Following the Earth Science Division 2020 Senior Review, NASA announced recently it is extending the CYGNSS mission through 30 September 2023. The extended CYGNSS mission phase is focused on both ocean and land surface scientific investigations. In addition to ocean surface wind speed estimation, CYGNSS has also shown a significant ability to retrieve several geophysical parameters over land surfaces, such as Soil Moisture Content (SMC), Above Ground Biomass (AGB), and surface water extent. The on-going science team investigations are presented in this article.
22
Liu, Yuchen, Yueling Cao, Chengpan Tang, Jinping Chen, Liqian Zhao, Shanshi Zhou, Xiaogong Hu, Qiuning Tian, and Yufei Yang. "Pseudorange Bias Analysis and Preliminary Service Performance Evaluation of BDSBAS." Remote Sensing 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 4815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13234815.
Full textAbstract:
To satisfy the demands of civil aviation organizations and other users of satellite navigation systems for high-precision and high-integrity service performance, many countries and regions have established satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) referring to the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) service standards and agreements. The BeiDou SBAS (BDSBAS) provides both single-frequency service, which augments Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 C/A signal, and dual-frequency multi-constellation (DFMC) service, which augments BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) B1C and B2a dual frequency signals presently, meeting the requirements of the RTCA DO-229D protocol and the SBAS L5 DFMC protocol requirements, respectively. As one of the main error sources, the pseudorange bias errors of BDSBAS monitoring receivers were estimated and their effect on the performance of the BDSBAS service was analyzed. Based on the user algorithms of SBAS differential corrections and integrity information, the service accuracy, integrity, and availability of the BDSBAS were evaluated using real observation data. The results show that the maximum of monitoring receiver pseudorange bias errors between L1P and L1P/L2P can reach 1.57 m, which become the most important errors affecting the performance of the BDSBAS service. In addition, the results show that the pseudorange bias of GPS BlockIII is the smallest, while that of GPS BlockIIR is the largest. Compared with the positioning accuracy of the open service of the core constellation, the positioning accuracy of the BDSBAS service can be improved by approximately 47% and 36% for the RTCA service and DFMC service, respectively. For RTCA services, the protection limit (PL) calculated with the integrity information can 100% envelop the positioning error (PE) and no integrity risk event is detected. The service availability of BDSBAS for APV-I approach is approximately 98.8%, which is mainly affected by the availability of ionospheric grid corrections in the service marginal area. For DFMC service, the integrity risk is not detected either. The service availability for CAT-I approach is 100%. Improving the availability of ionospheric grid corrections is one of the important factors to improve service performance of BDSBAS RTCA service.
23
Thomas, R. M., K. Lehmann, H. Nguyen, D. L. Jackson, D. Wolfe, and V. Ramanathan. "Measurement of turbulent water vapor fluxes using a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle system." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 4, no. 4 (August 23, 2011): 5529–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-4-5529-2011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We present here the first application of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system designed to measure turbulent properties and vertical latent heat fluxes (λE). Such measurements are crucial to improve our understanding of linkages between surface moisture supply and boundary layer clouds and phenomena such as atmospheric rivers. The application of UAVs allows for measurements on spatial scales complimentary to satellite, aircraft, and tower derived fluxes. Key system components are: a turbulent gust probe; a fast response water vapor sensor; an inertial navigation system (INS) coupled to global positioning system (GPS); and a 100 Hz data logging system. We present measurements made in the continental boundary layer at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Research Flight Facility located in the Mojave Desert. Two flights consisting of several horizontal straight flux run legs up to ten kilometers in length and between 330 and 930 m above ground level (m a.g.l.) are compared to measurement from a surface tower. Surface measured λE ranged from −53 W m−2 to 41 W m−2, and the application of a Butterworth High Pass Filter (HPF) to the datasets improved agreement to within ± 12 W m−2 for 86 % of flux runs, by removing improperly sampled low frequency flux contributions. This result, along with power and co-spectral comparisons and consideration of the differing spatial scales indicates the system is able to resolve vertical fluxes for the measurement conditions encountered. Challenges remain, and the outcome of these measurements will be used to inform future sampling strategies and further system development.
24
Thomas, R. M., K. Lehmann, H. Nguyen, D. L. Jackson, D. Wolfe, and V. Ramanathan. "Measurement of turbulent water vapor fluxes using a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle system." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-5-243-2012.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We present here the first application of a lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system designed to measure turbulent properties and vertical latent heat fluxes (λE). Such measurements are crucial to improve our understanding of linkages between surface moisture supply and boundary layer clouds and phenomena such as atmospheric rivers. The application of UAVs allows for measurements on spatial scales complimentary to satellite, aircraft, and tower derived fluxes. Key system components are: a turbulent gust probe; a fast response water vapor sensor; an inertial navigation system (INS) coupled to global positioning system (GPS); and a 100 Hz data logging system. We present measurements made in the continental boundary layer at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Research Flight Facility located in the Mojave Desert. Two flights consisting of several horizontal straight flux run legs up to ten kilometers in length and between 330 and 930 m above ground level (m a.g.l.) are compared to measurement from a surface tower. Surface measured λE ranged from −53 W m−2 to 41 W m−2, and the application of a Butterworth High Pass Filter (HPF) to the datasets improved agreement to within +/−12 W m−2 for 86% of flux runs, by removing improperly sampled low frequency flux contributions. This result, along with power and co-spectral comparisons and consideration of the differing spatial scales indicates the system is able to resolve vertical fluxes for the measurement conditions encountered. Challenges remain, and the outcome of these measurements will be used to inform future sampling strategies and further system development.
25
Shi, Yajie, Chao Ren, Zhiheng Yan, and Jianmin Lai. "High Spatial-Temporal Resolution Estimation of Ground-Based Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) Soil Moisture Using the Genetic Algorithm Back Propagation (GA-BP) Neural Network." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 9 (September 17, 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090623.
Full textAbstract:
Soil moisture is one of the critical variables in maintaining the global water cycle balance. Moreover, it plays a vital role in climate change, crop growth, and environmental disaster event monitoring, and it is important to monitor soil moisture continuously. Recently, Global Navigation Satellite System interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technology has become essential for monitoring soil moisture. However, the sparse distribution of GNSS-IR soil moisture sites has hindered the application of soil moisture products. In this paper, we propose a multi-data fusion soil moisture inversion algorithm based on machine learning. The method uses the Genetic Algorithm Back-Propagation (GA-BP) neural network model, by combining GNSS-IR site data with other surface environmental parameters around the site. In turn, soil moisture is obtained by inversion, and we finally obtain a soil moisture product with a high spatial and temporal resolution of 500 m per day. The multi-surface environmental data include latitude and longitude information, rainfall, air temperature, land cover type, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and four topographic factors (elevation, slope, slope direction, and shading). To maximize the spatial and temporal resolution of the GNSS-IR technique within a machine learning framework, we obtained satisfactory results with a cross-validated R-value of 0.8660 and an ubRMSE of 0.0354. This indicates that the machine learning approach learns the complex nonlinear relationships between soil moisture and the input multi-surface environmental data. The soil moisture products were analyzed compared to the contemporaneous rainfall and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s soil moisture products. The results show that the spatial distribution of the GA-BP inversion soil moisture products is more consistent with rainfall and NASA products, which verifies the feasibility of using this experimental model to generate 500 m per day the GA-BP inversion soil moisture products.
26
Li, Xiaohui, Dongkai Yang, Jingsong Yang, Guoqi Han, Gang Zheng, and Weiqiang Li. "Validation of NOAA CyGNSS Wind Speed Product with the CCMP Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 1832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091832.
Full textAbstract:
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CyGNSS) mission was launched in December 2016, which can remotely sense sea surface wind with a relatively high spatio-temporal resolution for tracking tropical cyclones. In recent years, with the gradual development of the geophysical model function (GMF) for CyGNSS wind retrieval, different versions of CyGNSS Level 2 products have been released and their performance has gradually improved. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of CyGNSS wind product v1.1 produced by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) analysis wind (v02.0 and v02.1 near real time) products produced by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) were used as the reference. Data pairs between the NOAA CyGNSS and RSS CCMP products were processed and evaluated by the bias and standard deviation SD. The CyGNSS dataset covers the period between May 2017 and December 2020. The statistical comparisons show that the bias and SD of CyGNSS relative to CCMP-nonzero collocations when the flag of CCMP winds is nonzero are –0.05 m/s and 1.19 m/s, respectively. The probability density function (PDF) of the CyGNSS winds coincides with that of CCMP-nonzero. Furthermore, the average monthly bias and SD show that CyGNSS wind is consistent and reliable generally. We found that negative deviation mainly appears at high latitudes in both hemispheres. Positive deviation appears in the China Sea, the Arabian Sea, and the west of Africa and South America. Spatial–temporal analysis demonstrates the geographical anomalies in the bias and SD of the CyGNSS winds, confirming that the wind speed bias shows a temporal dependency. The verification and comparison show that the remotely sensed wind speed measurements from NOAA CyGNSS wind product v1.1 are in good agreement with CCMP winds.
27
Li, Xuanli, John R. Mecikalski, and Timothy J. Lang. "A Study on Assimilation of CYGNSS Wind Speed Data for Tropical Convection during 2018 January MJO." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 14, 2020): 1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081243.
Full textAbstract:
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission was launched in December 2016. CYGNSS provides ocean surface wind speed retrieval along specular reflection tracks at an interval resolution of approximately 25 km. With a median revisit time of 2.8 h covering a ±35° latitude, CYGNSS can provide more frequent and accurate measurements of surface wind over the tropical oceans under heavy precipitation, especially within tropical cyclone cores and deep convection regions, than traditional scatterometers. In this study, CYGNSS v2.1 Level 2 wind speed data were assimilated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using the WRF Data Assimilation (WRFDA) system with hybrid 3- and 4-dimensional variational ensemble technology. Case studies were conducted to examine the impact of the CYGNSS data on forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) Irving and a westerly wind burst (WWB) during the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) event over the Indian Ocean in early January 2018. The results indicate a positive impact of the CYGNSS data on the wind field. However, the impact from the CYGNSS data decreases rapidly within 4 h after data assimilation. Also, the influence of CYGNSS data only on precipitation forecast is found to be limited. The assimilation of CYGNSS data was further explored with an additional experiment in which CYGNSS data was combined with Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) hourly precipitation and Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) wind vector and were assimilated into the WRF model. A significant positive impact was found on the tropical cyclone intensity and track forecasts. The short-term forecast of wind and precipitation fields were also improved for both TC Irving and the WWB event when the combined satellite data was assimilated.
28
Menon, Anil S., David Jourdan, Derek M. Nusbaum, Alejandro Garbino, Daniel M. Buckland, Sean Norton, Johnathan B. Clark, and Erik L. Antonsen. "Crew Recovery and Contingency Planning for a Manned Stratospheric Balloon Flight – the StratEx Program." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 5 (August 30, 2016): 524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000601.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe StratEx program used a self-contained space suit and balloon system to loft pilot Alan Eustace to a record-breaking altitude and skydive from 135,897 feet (41,422 m). After releasing from the balloon and a stabilized freefall, the pilot safely landed using a parachute system based on a modified tandem parachute rig. A custom spacesuit provided life support using a similar system to NASA’s (National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Washington, DC USA) Extravehicular Mobility Unit. It also provided tracking, communications, and connection to the parachute system. A recovery support team, including at least two medical personnel and two spacesuit technicians, was charged with reaching the pilot within five minutes of touchdown to extract him from the suit and provide treatment for any injuries. The team had to track the flight at all times, be prepared to respond in case of premature release, and to operate in any terrain. Crew recovery operations were planned and tailored to anticipate outcomes during this novel event in a systematic fashion, through scenario and risk analysis, in order to minimize the probability and impact of injury. This analysis, detailed here, helped the team configure recovery assets, refine navigation and tracking systems, develop procedures, and conduct training. An extensive period of testing and practice culminated in three manned flights leading to a successful mission and setting the record for exit altitude, distance of fall with stabilizing device, and vertical speed with a stabilizing device. During this mission, recovery teams reached the landing spot within one minute, extracted the pilot, and confirmed that he was not injured. This strategy is presented as an approach to prehospital planning and care for improved safety during crew recovery in novel, extreme events.MenonAS, JourdanD, NusbaumDM, GarbinoA, BucklandDM, NortonS, ClarkJB, AntonsenEL. Crew recovery and contingency planning for a manned stratospheric balloon flight – the StratEx program. Prehosp Disaster Med.2016;31(5):524–531.
29
Ricker, Robert, Steven Fons, Arttu Jutila, Nils Hutter, Kyle Duncan, Sinead L. Farrell, Nathan T. Kurtz, and Renée Mie Fredensborg Hansen. "Linking scales of sea ice surface topography: evaluation of ICESat-2 measurements with coincident helicopter laser scanning during MOSAiC." Cryosphere 17, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 1411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-1411-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Information about sea ice surface topography and related deformation is crucial for studies of sea ice mass balance, sea ice modeling, and ship navigation through the ice pack. The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2), part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System, has been on orbit for over 4 years, sensing the sea ice surface topography with six laser beams capable of capturing individual features such as pressure ridges. To assess the capabilities and uncertainties of ICESat-2 products, coincident high-resolution measurements of sea ice surface topography are required. During the yearlong Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition in the Arctic Ocean, we successfully carried out a coincident underflight of ICESat-2 with a helicopter-based airborne laser scanner (ALS), achieving an overlap of more than 100 km. Despite the comparably short data set, the high-resolution centimeter-scale measurements of the ALS can be used to evaluate the performance of ICESat-2 products. Our goal is to investigate how the sea ice surface roughness and topography are represented in different ICESat-2 products as well as how sensitive ICESat-2 products are to leads and small cracks in the ice cover. Here, we compare the ALS measurements with ICESat-2's primary sea ice height product, ATL07, and the high-fidelity surface elevation product developed by the University of Maryland (UMD). By applying a ridge-detection algorithm, we find that 16 % (4 %) of the number of obstacles in the ALS data set are found using the strong (weak) center beam in ATL07. Significantly higher detection rates of 42 % (30 %) are achieved when using the UMD product. While only one lead is indicated in ATL07 for the underflight, the ALS reveals many small, narrow, and only partly open cracks that appear to be overlooked by ATL07.
30
Azmin, Nurul Shafiqah Hazelin Noor, Muhammad Faiz Pa’suya, Ami Hassan Md Din, Mohamad Azril Che Aziz, and Noorhurul Ain Othman. "Evaluating the Impact of the Recent Combined and Satellite-Only Global Geopotential Model on the Gravimetric Geoid Model." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1316, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1316/1/012006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Geoid represents Earth’s surface, ocean, and gravitational field, which influence the elevations, shape, and mass distribution of the geopotential surface, a hypothetical surface that is perpendicular to the direction of gravity at every point. This geopotential surface serves as a reference for measuring elevations and is used as a fundamental reference surface for geodetic and surveying purposes. In this study, the Least Squares Modification of Stokes Formula (LSMS) with Additive Corrections (AC), also known as the KTH method, is used to generate a new gravimetric geoid model for Peninsular Malaysia. The KTH method was developed at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm-Sweden. The dataset used is the most recent global digital elevation model, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 1 Arc-Second Global, generated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). In addition to this elevation data, the dataset includes the Global Geopotential Model (GGM), which is composed of the XGM2016, XGM2019e, Tongji_GGMG2021S, and Tongji-Grace02k models. Furthermore, it incorporates sets of regional gravity data, including terrestrial gravity, airborne gravity, and marine gravity anomalies, all of which are derived from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU 21). The actual 45 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-levelling points data have been compared to the gravimetric geoid model developed in this study and the geoid acquired from Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM). According to the statistical results, NXGM2019e provides better accuracy, with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) geoid model errors of ±0.033 m, compared to the deviations in free-air anomalies, XGM2019e, which has the minimum RMSE of 10.291 mGal. Meanwhile, Tongji-GMMG2021S has the maximum RMSE of 14.792 mGal. The geoid is derived from the XGM2019e model and has maximum and minimum values of 0.032 m and 0.147 m, respectively, with mean residuals of 0.089 m. In conclusion, the XGM2019e has the potential to determine a precise local geoid model for Peninsular Malaysia
31
Mayalu, Alfred, Kevin Kochersberger, Barry Jenkins, and François Malassenet. "Lidar Data Reduction for Unmanned Systems Navigation in Urban Canyon." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 1724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111724.
Full textAbstract:
This paper introduces a novel protocol for managing low altitude 3D aeronautical chart data to address the unique navigational challenges and collision risks associated with populated urban environments. Based on the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) 3D Tiles standard for geospatial data delivery, the proposed extension, called 3D Tiles Nav., uses a navigation-centric packet structure which automatically decomposes the navigable regions of space into hyperlocal navigation cells and encodes environmental surfaces that are potentially visible from each cell. The developed method is sensor agnostic and provides the ability to quickly and conservatively encode visibility directly from a region by enabling an expanded approach to viewshed analysis. In this approach, the navigation cells themselves are used to represent the intrinsic positional uncertainty often needed for navigation. Furthermore, we present in detail this new data format and its unique features as well as a candidate framework illustrating how an Unmanned Traffic Management (UTM) system could support trajectory-based operations and performance-based navigation in the urban canyon. Our results, experiments, and simulations conclude that this data reorganization enables 3D map streaming using less bandwidth and efficient 3D map-matching systems with limited on-board compute, storage, and sensor resources.
32
Eshmuradov, D. E., and T. D. Elmuradov. "Mathematical modelling of aeronautical environment." Civil Aviation High Technologies 23, no. 5 (October 28, 2020): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-5-67-75.
Full textAbstract:
On the basis of the study of air flight control, as well as the need to take into account the regional parameters of the airspace, the expediency and the need for mathematical modeling of the air navigation environment were identified. The article deals with the features of the model of air navigation environment, in which the base of the study adopted the basic information used to describe the plan for the execution of air flight. In the study, it was found that in navigation main feature is the geodesic of abstraction, however, such information was found, is not complete for the plan for air flight. The study emphasized the role of taking into account all the restrictions by which certain prohibitions on the use of specific volumes of airspace are imposed. Based on the results obtained, a graph of the geometric representation of the airspace with constraints was constructed. The results of the study allow us to conclude that the construction of a mathematical model of the air navigation environment allows us to achieve the following results: optimization of the distribution of the EAP loads by sectors, visualization of the air navigation situation in the region, the establishment of critical load directions, the collection of data on the load, the study of the factor effects on the regularity and safety of the aircraft movement. The mathematical model of the aeronautical situation was built with the help of a composition of hierarchical type. As a result of such construction of mathematical model its transformation with addition of new models is possible. Using the proposed mathematical model in the framework of discrete event systems can be used to simulate complex air navigation environment with a large number of aircraft. The use of the formalism presented in this study allows a clear distinction between the mechanism of information processing and the information itself in the process of modeling.
33
Takács, B., Z. Siki, and R. Markovits-Somogyi. "EXTENSION OF RTKLIB FOR THE CALCULATION AND VALIDATION OF PROTECTION LEVELS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W2 (July 5, 2017): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w2-161-2017.
Full textAbstract:
System integrity (i.e. the capability of self-monitoring) and the reliability of the positions provided need to be ensured within all safety critical applications of the GPS technology. For the sake of such applications, GPS augmentations, for example Space Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) are to be applied to achieve the required level of integrity. SBAS provides integrity in a multi-step procedure that is laid out in the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for airborne navigation equipment using GPS. Besides integrity, SBAS also improves accuracy of positioning via broadcasting corrections to reduce the most important systematic errors on standalone positioning. To quantify integrity, the protection level is defined, which is calculated from the standard deviation of the models broadcast in SBAS. <br><br> Air Navigation Service Providers, airspace users and aviation authorities need to evaluate the performance of GPS systems and their augmentations. This is a necessary step to define the conditions under which GPS systems can be operationally used and which operations can be supported. For this evaluation two proprietary software are used widely in Europe: Pegasus from Eurocontrol (Butzmühlen et al., 2001) and magicGemini from GMV. Both tools provide several functionalities such as computation of position simulating MOPS-compliant receivers and determination of GNSS augmentation attributes like accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability. <br><br> RTKLIB is an open source GNSS data processing and analysis tool (Takasu, 2009). The actual version (2.4.3) of RTKLIB has SBAS augmented positioning mode, but no protection level calculation is included. There is an open source project on GitHub3, a fork of RTKLIB 2.4.2 version with an option for WAAS MOPS compliant position calculation, including protection level calculation, too. This was developed by the Houghton Associates, Inc. and tested on Cygwin platform. Their development was finished in 2014. We have merged the WAAS MOPS position calculation into the newer RTKLIB release (2.4.3 beta) and made closer integration into the original RTKLIB utility program RNX2RTKP. Our enhanced RTKLIB version is also available on GitHub4 as a fork of the original RTKLIB project of Tomoji Takasu. This enhanced version was developed and tested on Ubuntu Linux 14.04 and 16.04. <br><br> Raw static and kinematic data were post-processed by our enhanced RTKLIB version. Calculated SBAS positions and protection levels were compared to the results of Pegasus and magicGemini. Although the RTCA standard defines the exact formula to calculate protection levels, the numerical results of the tested software are slightly different. Accurate tests regarding the possible sources of this kind of discrepancies were carried on in order to validate our open source solution. <br><br> The aim of our work is to provide an open source alternative to the available proprietary software. The open source solution might be a good basis for the evaluation of GPS and SBAS performance monitoring.
34
Shen, Xiaoyi, Chang-Qing Ke, Yubin Fan, and Lhakpa Drolma. "A new digital elevation model (DEM) dataset of the entire Antarctic continent derived from ICESat-2." Earth System Science Data 14, no. 7 (July 6, 2022): 3075–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-3075-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Antarctic digital elevation models (DEMs) are essential for fieldwork, ice motion tracking and the numerical modelling of the ice sheet. In the past 30 years, several Antarctic DEMs derived from satellite data have been published. However, these DEMs either have coarse spatial resolution or aggregate observations spanning several years, which limit their further scientific applications. In this study, the new generation satellite laser altimeter Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) is used to generate a new Antarctic DEM for both the ice sheet and ice shelves. Approximately 4.69 × 109 ICESat-2 measurement points from November 2018 to November 2019 are used to estimate surface elevations at resolutions of 500 m and 1 km based on a spatiotemporal fitting method. Approximately 74 % of Antarctica is observed and the remaining observation gaps are interpolated using the normal kriging method. The DEM is formed from the estimated elevations in 500 m and 1 km grid cells, and is finally posted at the resolution of 500 m. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Operation IceBridge (OIB) airborne data are used to evaluate the generated Antarctic DEM (hereafter called the ICESat-2 DEM) in individual Antarctic regions and surface types. Overall, a median bias of −0.19 m and a root-mean-square deviation of 10.83 m result from approximately 5.2 × 106 OIB measurement points. The accuracy and uncertainty of the ICESat-2 DEM vary in relation to the surface slope and roughness, and more reliable estimates are found in the flat ice sheet interior. The ICESat-2 DEM is comparable to other DEMs derived from altimetry, stereophotogrammetry and interferometry. Similar results are found when comparing to elevation measurements from kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) (GPS and the Russian GLONASS) transects. The elevations of high accuracy and ability of annual updates make the ICESat-2 DEM an addition to the existing Antarctic DEM groups, and it can be further used for other scientific applications. The generated ICESat-2 DEM (including the map of uncertainty) can be downloaded from National Tibetan Plateau Data Center, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences at https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/disallow/9427069c-117e-4ff8-96e0-4b18eb7782cb/ (last access: 27 June 2022) (Shen et al., 2021a, https://doi.org/10.11888/Geogra.tpdc.271448).
35
Antrobus, Vicki, David Large, Gary Burnett, and Chrisminder Hare. "Enhancing Environmental Engagement with Natural Language Interfaces for In-Vehicle Navigation Systems." Journal of Navigation 72, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331800108x.
Full textAbstract:
Four on-road studies were conducted in the Clifton area of Nottingham, UK, aiming to explore the relationships between driver workload and environmental engagement associated with ‘active’ and ‘passive’ navigation systems. In a between-subjects design, a total of 61 experienced drivers completed two experimental drives comprising the same three routes (with overlapping sections), staged one week apart. Drivers were provided with the navigational support of a commercially-available navigation device (‘satnav’), an informed passenger (a stranger with expert route knowledge), a collaborative passenger (an individual with whom they had a close, personal relationship) or a novel interface employing a conversational natural language ‘NAV-NLI’ (Navigation Natural Language Interface). The NAV-NLI was created by curating linguistic intercourse extracted from the earlier conditions and delivering this using a ‘Wizard-of-Oz’ technique. This term describes a research experiment in which subjects interact with a computer system that they believe to be autonomous, but which is actually being operated or partially operated by an unseen human being. The different navigational methods were notable for their varying interactivity and the preponderance of environmental landmark information within route directions. Participants experienced the same guidance on each of the two drives to explore changes in reported and observed behaviour. Results show that participants who were more active in the navigation task (collaborative passenger or NAV-NLI) demonstrated enhanced environmental engagement (landmark recognition, route-learning and survey knowledge) allowing them to reconstruct the route more accurately post-drive, compared to drivers using more passive forms of navigational support (SatNav or informed passenger). Workload measures (the Tactile Detection Task (TDT) and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX)) indicated no differences between conditions, although SatNav users and collaborative passenger drivers reported lower workload during their second drive. The research demonstrates clear benefits and potential for a navigation system employing two-way conversational language to deliver instructions. This could help support a long-term perspective in the development of spatial knowledge, enabling drivers to become less reliant on the technology and begin to re-establish associations between viewing an environmental feature and the related navigational manoeuvre.
36
Reid, Ken. "Authenticity and Verification of Aeronautical Data." Journal of Navigation 47, no. 2 (May 1994): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012029.
Full textAbstract:
Aviation is becoming more and more reliant on information held in electronic databases for flight planning and for en route navigation use whilst airborne. Twenty or more years ago, aircraft were flight-planned along canned routes developed by specialist navigation departments with information derived from charts, flight guides and from the source Aeronautical Information Publications, the AIPS, themselves. The data was then output in the form of a paper flight plan. The move toward computerization occurred in the mid 1970s and the early systems relied on the construction of waypoint to waypoint routes. Today, aircraft are planned to fly on canned or random routes based on airway to airway segments dependent on characteristics derived from an aeronautical database. Though correlation with paper data exists, the industry has moved a significant way along the path to database dependence for ground-based flight planning. Moreover, the move towards reliance is not limited to the ground alone for, in the case of British Airways at least, all aircraft are equipped with some form of electronic navigation database. Few airlines, if any, with the notable exception of Swissair, have invested in the creation of a comprehensive global navigation database. The costs of creating, maintaining and verifying such a product are more than even large and relatively successful airlines are willing to pay. Instead, they buy in the required ground and air systems products from Jeppesen, Swissair, Racal and the rest. They procure a service secure in the knowledge that the data has been collated, verified and authenticated before publication and use. However, is this reliance misplaced perhaps?
37
Нгиа, Б. Ч., Н. В. Чонг, Ф. Ф. Пащенко, В. Х. Фук, and Л. Д. Тиеп. "Improving methods and processes to ensure the reliability of the radio navigation system of medium-haul aircraft." Vestnik of Russian New University. Series «Complex systems: models, analysis, management», no. 3 (October 8, 2023): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/rnu.v9187.23.03.p.60.
Full textAbstract:
В практике полетов продолжают встречаться случаи полных и функциональных отказов навигационных датчиков и компьютеров, погрешностей измерения навигационных параметров, которые выходят за допустимые пределы, а также различные нарушения в функционировании аэронавигационной системы обеспечения полетов среднемагистральных самолетов. Такие ситуации снижают способность навигации соответствовать требованиям к аэронавигационной точности из-за возможных отклонений, которые приводят к снижению навигационных возможностей воздушных судов. Для этого рассмотрена методика совершенствования интегрированных инерциально-спутниковых радионавигационных систем для увеличения точности среднемагистральных самолетов. In the practice of flights, there continue to be cases of complete and functional failures of navigation sensors and computers, errors in measuring navigation parameters that go beyond the permissible limits, as well as various violations in the functioning of the aeronautical system for ensuring flights of medium-haul aircraft. Such situations reduce the ability of navigation to meet the requirements for aeronautical accuracy due to possible deviations that lead to a decrease in the navigation capabilities of aircraft. For this purpose, the methodology of improving integrated inertial satellite radio navigation systems to increase the accuracy of medium-haul aircraft is considered.
38
Steele, Philip. "Air Navigation Systems: Chapter 6. Navigation and the Pioneering Flights: Part I." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 1 (January 1997): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300023596.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is the sixth chapter of a series on the history of air navigation systems which have appeared from time to time in the pages of the Journal since 1988. Part II of this chapter will appear in the next issue of the Journal.The author acknowledges the assistance of Bath College of Higher Education and, in particular, Dr Terence Rodgers, The Royal Aeronautical Society, The Royal Air Force Museum, and Philip Saxon of the Royal Air Force Historical Society.
39
Borisov, I. V. "System approach to organization of aeronautical air traffic service." Management and Business Administration, no. 4 (December 2019): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2019-4-80-86.
Full textAbstract:
The article substantiates the need for technological, organizational and economic modernization of the domestic system for the provision of air navigation services. The characteristic of the organization of air navigation services for air traffic as a high-tech system that is ergatic in nature is given. It is shown that ergatic functions serve as the basis for the professional activity of an aviation dispatcher, providing a reduction in the uncertainty in the relationships between the intra-system elements and external conditions in order to minimize risks during flights. The importance of creating an adequate job post for the dispatcher based on the SHEL model is disclosed. The measures of maximizing the approximation of operational training of duty dispatcher shifts to the conditions of actual flight operations are substantiated. It is proved that for a systematic solution to the problems of organizing state air navigation services, it is necessary to supplement their heterogeneous regulatory acts with the development of a full-fledged Federal Law «On Air Navigation Services in the Russian Federation».
40
Syamsudin, Rosidin. "Kalibrasi Peralatan Navigasi Penerbangan Dalam Mengantisipasi Keselamatan Penerbangan." WARTA ARDHIA 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v36i3.90.262-277.
Full textAbstract:
Flight safety is a major factor that needs attention not only from the government as a regulator but the organizers airport as infrastructure providers, and airlines as the airport service users.Facilities/ flights operated navigation equipment at the airport for flight navigation services shall be calibrated periodically to keep it operating feasibility (accurate). Facilities / aviation navigation equipment consists of telecommunications facilities, aviation, aeronautical information facilities and amenities aviation meteorological information.
41
Iatsouk, Victor. "Development of standards for aeronautical satellite navigation system." Acta Astronautica 54, no. 11-12 (June 2004): 961–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.01.039.
Full text
42
Henderson, Geoff. "Applied Mathematics in Integrated Navigation Systems – Third edition R.M. Rogers American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344, USA. 2007. 408pp. Illustrated. $69.95 (AIAA Members), $94.95 (Non-Members). ISBN 1-56347-927-3." Aeronautical Journal 113, no. 1141 (March 2009): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000087947.
Full text
43
Eshmuradov, D. E., T. D. Elmuradov, and N. M. Turayeva. "Automation of aeronautical information processing based on multi-agent technologies." Civil Aviation High Technologies 25, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2022-25-1-65-76.
Full textAbstract:
Progress in the development of computer engineering provides an opportunity to address a wider variety of challenges using computer software systems. The task of automatic aeronautical navigation information processing is referred to the number of such issues. This stipulates the necessity to adopt new approaches to design and develop similar systems. One of these approaches is based on the application of the collective activity idea of a set of agents – multi-agent technologies. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to consider the features of the automated aeronautical navigation information processing implementation on the basis of multi-agent technologies. To achieve this goal, the problem-structural methodology of hybrid systems synthesis, which allows us to create self-organizing models, was selected. Each element of which develops, obtaining data and knowledge from other elements. In the research process, a formal definition of the multi-agent system of automatic aeronautical information processing is presented, which involves a set of agents, environment of agent functioning, a set of permissible relations between agents, description of rules for forming a network of agents, a set of individual and joint actions, communication interactions, behavior and actions strategies, a possibility of system evolution. Furthermore, an emphasis is placed on the description of each agent. For this purpose, the authors propose to use four elements: a set of variables, inputs and outputs, an autonomous technique that performs appropriate changes over a set of variables. As agents, the paper comes up with the idea to use the following: Pilots Notification Agent, Preflight Information Bulletin Agent, Data Generation Agent, Aviation Processes Agent, Aviation Database Generation Agent, Aeronautical Maps Creation Agent, Aeronautical Data Set Export/Import Agent, Publications and References Agent. In addition, the article presents the multi-agent system diagram of automated aeronautical information processing and describes in detail processing an application in the agent using the mathematical expression. The results, obtained in the course of investigations, can be used to improve the effectiveness of the analytical component in the structure of the system to form the direct and reverse coordination relationship while solving aerial navigation problems.
44
Kumar, J., B. Basu, F. A. Talukdar, and A. Nandi. "Graphene-based wideband antenna for aeronautical radio-navigation applications." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 31, no. 18 (August 3, 2017): 2046–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2017.1359686.
Full text
45
Tang, Ji Xiang, and Zhi Gang Zhu. "The Test System of PXI-Based Aeronautic Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1133.
Full textAbstract:
By analyzing the interface characteristics and test requirements of certain aeronautic equipment, using PXI instrument as test platform, integrated using SPIB instrument, virtual instrument, simulation technologies, independent developed video output collection equipment, SRU testing equipment modules and other hardware device, developed integrated automatic test equipment which based on PXI and GPIB bus instrument technology, provide airborne work environment for weapons, instrument, electrical, communication, navigation, identification, reactance systems airborne LRU, automatic complete the control, incentive, performance and function test of LRU.
46
Bolton, Ronald M. "The Impact of the Implementation of The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) on Aeronautical Navigation in the United States." Cartographic Perspectives, no. 14 (March 1, 1993): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp14.983.
Full textAbstract:
On October 15, 1992, the horizontal geodetic reference system used for all aeronautical charts and chart-related products published by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Ocean Service (NOS) changed from the North American Datum of 1927 (NAO 27) to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAO 83). The Global Positioning System (GPS) now allows satellites to define much more accurately geographic locations in terms of latitude and longitude, utilizing an earth centered reference system; the NAO 83 is based on this new technology. As a result, the latitude and longitude of almost all points in the National Airspace System (NAS) were revised. The greatest coordinate s hifts were in Hawaii and Alaska where latitude moved by as much as 1200 feet and longitude by up to 950 feet. In the conterminous U.S., the largest changes were approximately 165 feet in latitude and 345 feet in longitude. The impact to aeronautical navigation in the C.S. of the datum shift from NAO 27 to NAO 83 was not limited to aeronautical charts and related publications. All Flight Management Systems (FMSs) and Air Traffic Control Systems (ATCs) had to be modified to accept and utilize the NAO 83 coordinates. The impact of the implementation of NAO 83 on aeronautical navigation in the United States was s gnificant.
47
Deque, R., and P. Bachelier. "Future aeronautic environment FMS/ATC/Pilot." Aeronautical Journal 94, no. 940 (December 1990): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000023290.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The scope of the air-ground data links, which have been developed over the last ten years to meet the airlines' operational requirements, will be extended in future years.Air traffic control is one of the fields which will certainly make extensive use of this type of link. Indeed, it appears to be necessary to deal with the problem of traffic saturation globally by taking account of the navigation capabilities of modern aircraft as regards precision and the considerable automated flight/ground exchange possibilities which will be provided by future telecommunication networks.The contents of the messages exchanged between aircraft and air traffic control centres, and the interfaces with the human operators concerned, i.e. pilots and controllers, must form the subject of thorough investigations conducted with all the parties involved: constructors, equipment manufacturers, traffic control organisations, and airlines. Aerospatiale have already taken this problem into account in the various studies being performed within the framework of the PREFACE and FANSTIC programmes.
48
Ladetto, Quentin, Bertrand Merminod, Philippe Terrier, and Yves Schutz. "On Foot Navigation: When GPS Alone is Not Enough." Journal of Navigation 53, no. 2 (May 2000): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300008894.
Full textAbstract:
Integration of GPS/INS navigation systems is a common topic for aeronautical and road applications. The use of these technologies for personal localisation requires more than just portable sensors and a change of ergonomics; it requires a totally different approach for dead reckoning algorithms. This paper will focus on different human applications and reveals the particular problem encountered.
49
Sarbach, Adrian, Thierry Weber, Katharina Henggeler, Luis Lutnyk, and Martin Raubal. "Evaluating and Comparing Airspace Structure Visualisation and Perception on Digital Aeronautical Charts." AGILE: GIScience Series 4 (June 6, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/agile-giss-4-12-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Given the challenge of visualising 3D space on a 2D map, maps used for in-flight navigation by pilots should be designed especially carefully. This paper studies, based on existing aeronautical charts, the visualisation, interaction, and interpretation of airspace structures with aviation infrastructure and the base map.We first developed a three-tiered evaluation grid for a cartographic analysis of existing aeronautical charts. Subsequently, we evaluated four countries’ maps based on our evaluation grid. To validate our analysis, we conducted a user study with 27 pilots, the users of aeronautical charts.The results of our cartographic analysis show that aeronautical charts produced by different countries all fulfil the need of pilots being able to orient themselves. According to our evaluation, the Swiss aeronautical chart scored slightly more favourably than the other evaluated charts for effective map-reading. These findings were confirmed in the results of the user study.The major contribution of this work is the evaluation grid for the cartographic analysis. With its different layers, adaptable main- and sub-topics, it can be used to compare and improve the design not only of aeronautical charts, but for a broad spectrum of thematic maps.
50
Stojce Ilcev, Dimov. "Implementation of innovative aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS) systems." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 4 (November 17, 2019): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.30014.
Full textAbstract:
This paper introduces implementation of innovative Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) systems in function of Global Satellite Augmentation System (GSAS) integrated by the current and new projected Regional Satellite Augmentation System (RSAS) worldwide. The satellite communication and navigation systems are presently in use, however the main aspect of any hypothetical RSAS network is implementation of satellite surveillance system employing previous and new CNS solutions for improved Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Air Traffic Management (ATM) in all phases of flight, approaching to airports and during landing. The CNS network also enhances safety and emergency systems, transport security and control of transportation freight, logistics and the security of the crew and passengers onboard aircraft. The proposals for modern multifunctional space segment, DVB-RCS network, RSAS infrastructure, Satellite Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast SADS-B system for surveillance and movement guidance and control are also discussed as special solutions in airports environments.