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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nature study – United States – History

Academic literature on the topic 'Nature study – United States – History'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nature study – United States – History"

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Semerikov, Serhiy, Nataliia Kiianovska, and Natalya Rashevska. "The early history of computer-assisted mathematics instruction for engineering students in the United States: 1965-1989." Educational Technology Quarterly 2021, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.55056/etq.18.

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The article discusses ICT development issues in teaching mathematics to engineering students in the United States. The nature of trends in the convergence of information systems in higher technical education and other tendencies in the United States are described in the article. The primary historical stages of computer-assisted mathematics training for engineering students in the United States are defined. The study of historical sources has allowed six stages to be recognized. The use of ICT for teaching mathematics is examined at each stage. It demonstrates the inconsistencies and key elements of using ICT to teach mathematics to engineering students. This article covers the first three stages (1965-1989) of computer-assisted mathematics training for engineering students in the United States.

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Long, S. R. Joey. "Mixed up in power politics and the Cold War: The Americans, the ICFTU and Singapore's labour movement, 1955–1960." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 29, 2009): 323–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409000174.

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The United States had a hand in shaping Singapore's labour developments between the period 1955 and 1960. Utilising materials from archives in Britain, the Netherlands and the United States, this study details the impetus for, the nature of, and the outcome of the US attempt to strengthen non-communist labour institutions in Singapore.

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French, Michael. "Structural Change and Competition in the United States Tire Industry, 1920–1937." Business History Review 60, no. 1 (1986): 28–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3115922.

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In this case study, Dr. French examines the responses to overcapacity in a mass production industry and traces the development of oligopolistic competition. Previous studies have emphasized technology and the growth of “big business,” but here the author argues that the structure of the U.S. tire industry must be understood in terms of large, medium, and small firms. He finds, moreover, that the extent of competition and cooperation was significantly influenced by the nature of the tire market. Dr. French provides new evidence on the relationships between structural factors and the dynamics of business policy, and points to the need for a more comprehensive account of the evolution and nature of oligopolistic competition.

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Jiwandono, Haryo Pambuko, and Edeliya Relanika Purwandi. "Playful Curation: A Case Study of Doki-Doki Station Museum’s Role in Preserving Digital Game History in Indonesia." International Public History 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iph-2021-2024.

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Abstract Digital game preservation is a key element in framing the historical importance of digital game culture. Digital game preservation processes in the global north, particularly in countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, is well documented because of a well-established game culture. By contrast, digital game preservation in the global south is not as well documented because of the peripheral nature of game culture in those societies. This article seeks to correct this imbalance by asserting the importance of digital game preservation in two ways. First, digital game culture is situated in local practices and culture while acknowledging its near-global presence. Second, we argue that digital games need to be understood as localized formative elements of culture. Our discussion focuses on the Doki-Doki Station Museum located in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.

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ChÁvez-GarcÍa, Miroslava. "The Interdisciplinary Project of Chicana History." Pacific Historical Review 82, no. 4 (November 2012): 542–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2013.82.4.542.

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Chicana history has come a long way since its inception in the 1960s and 1970s. While initially a neglected area of study limited to issues of labor and class, today scholars in history, literature, anthropology, and sociology, among others, study topics of gender, culture, and sexuality, as well as youth culture, reproductive rights, migration, and immigration. In the process, these scholars contribute to the collective project of Mexican and Mexican American women’s history in the United States, making it diverse in its analytical themes, methodologies, and sources. Indeed, Chicana history is not confined by disciplinary boundaries. Rather, its cross-disciplinary nature gives it life. This article charts that interdisciplinarity and demonstrates its significance in expanding and recasting Chicano history more broadly.

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HRYSHCHUK, Oksana V., Pavlo B. PYLYPYSHYN, Marta R. ROMANYNETS, and Khrystyna V. HORETSKA. "Formation of the Philosophy of Law of Ukraine and the USA under the Influence of Individualist Views: A Consideration through History Aspect." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 4 (June 15, 2020): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.4(50).11.

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The relevance of such a study is that when considering modern Ukraine there is an active interest of philosophers, scientists, lawyers in the study, definition and reconstruction of philosophical and legal studies of the legal system of Ukraine, due to the previous loss of uniqueness because of the totalitarian Soviet regime. The concept of individualism and its impact on the legal system plays an important role in many modern states, including the United States. Individualism, first of all, substantiates personal freedoms, emphasizes the value of an individual. This approach creates a human rights institution that is defined in each state and is protected from interference as a matter of priority. The aim is to study and reveal the concept and nature of the concept of individualism in the philosophy of law, determine its role in shaping the legal system of modern Ukraine and compare the impact of the concept of individualism on the legal system of Ukraine and the United States. This study used the dialectical method, historical and legal method, comparison, analysis and synthesis. The result of this article is a comparison that will allow to understand the influence of individualism on the formation of the system of Ukrainian social consciousness in contrast to the assertion of the consciousness of society under the influence of individualism in the United States.

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Nuti, Leopoldo. "The United States, Italy, and the Opening to the Left, 1953–1963." Journal of Cold War Studies 4, no. 3 (July 2002): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152039702320201067.

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Drawing on newly declassified U.S. and Italian documentation, this article as-sesses U.S. policy toward Italy under the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations and uses this test case to draw some general conclusions about the nature of U.S. -Italian relations during the Cold War. The first part of the article focuses on issues that have been neglected or misinterpreted in the existing literature on the subject, and the second part presents some of the lessons that can be learned from the study of U.S. -Italian relations in the 1950s and 1960s. The aim is to cast broader light on the current debate about the role and influence of the United States in Western Europe after World War II.

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Dapaah, EdwardOpoku. "Ghanaian Sects in the United States of America and their Adherents within the Framework of Migration Challenges since the 1970s." African and Asian Studies 5, no. 2 (2006): 231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920906777906763.

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AbstractGhanaian culture revolves around religion hence it is not surprising that Ghanaians have established sects upon resettlement in the United States of America. However, the sects have changed the social organization of the adherents. Instead of mainstream institutions, adherents depend on the spiritual leaders of their sect in dealing with immigration, unemployment, illness and other social problems. The study contends that there are relevant characteristics of some Ghanaians that make it likely that they would be drawn to the sects. Some adherents are drawn to the sects as a result of profound post-migration insecurities including the threat of deportation and limited entitlements such as the denial of employment and educational rights. To such adherents the sects are an important avenue for resolving their post-migration insecurities. Results of this research also suggest that some Ghanaians are drawn to the sects by religious aspirations including the unique theology of the sect. Overall, the sects are not just a transfer of an important segment of indigenous life in Ghana to the United States of America, they also represent a miniature portrait of the changing nature of religion in the United States.

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Ramos, Donald. "Community, Control and Acculturation: A Case Study of Slavery in Eighteenth Century Brazil." Americas 42, no. 4 (April 1986): 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007059.

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Interest in the nature of Brazilian slavery has increased dramatically during the last ten years. In part this interest has been stimulated by the desire of North American social scientists to examine what was initially viewed to be the striking differences between patterns of race relations and slavery as they developed in the United States and Brazil. Among Brazilians the interest in slavery is older, beginning as an aspect of the larger evolution of cultural nationalism which sought to demonstrate the unique nature of the Brazilian solution to a multiracial society. Among both North American and Brazilian writers the initial tendency was to emphasize the more “humane” nature of slavery in Brazil. This was attributed to a number of factors of which the Portuguese concept of the slave as a human being based on cultural and religious traits was paramount. Increasingly this view has been subjected to intense criticism and recent works have focused on the harshness of Brazilian slavery and have sought to stress the similarities between the two systems.

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DeVault, Ileen A. "“Too Hard on the Women, Especially”: Striking Together for Women Workers' Issues." International Review of Social History 51, no. 3 (November 1, 2006): 441–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859006002550.

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This essay draws upon a larger study of over forty strikes which involved both male and female strikers in the United States between the years 1887 and 1903. Here the focus of analysis is on those strikes which began with demands raised by women workers. The essay examines the nature of women workers' demands, the ways in which cooperation with male co-workers altered those demands, and the affect that formal union involvement had on women strikers and their strike demands. Because the original set of case studies examines strikes across the United States, the strikes explored here also highlight a variety of geographic locations. The insights gained suggest future paths for research on the distinction between women's and men's strike demands.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nature study – United States – History"

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Abdoo, Jayma Ann. "The Scourge of "Discovery": A Case Study of the Genocide of Native Americans in English North America." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625768.

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Barragan, Denise Eileen. "Native Americans in social studies curriculum: An Alabama case study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278722.

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This study describes how some members of the Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama, a state recognized community, reacts to the ways in which Native peoples are represented in the social studies curriculum of DeKalb County, Alabama. Tribal members, ages 30--80 were interviewed about their educational experiences, as well as about their perspectives on the current curriculum. Social studies curricula of this school district, as well as elsewhere in the Alabama public school system, portrays Native peoples in a negative manner, and through the interviews and an extensive analysis of the curriculum, specific examples of these negative portrayals are pinpointed. This study specifically looks at the content, language and illustrations of seven state adopted textbooks, resulting in some specific recommendations on how teachers, as well as administrators, could improve the curriculum.

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Bayless, Brittany N. ""The show windows of a state" a comparative study on classification of Michigan, Indiana , and Ohio parks /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1143423813.

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Dildine, James Lowell 1951. "When the dust settles: A case study of the effects of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act on a National Park Service repository." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278575.

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This thesis is based on research conducted at the National Park Service (NPS) Western Archeological and Conservation Center (WACC) for the purpose of making determinations regarding funerary objects according to the guidelines required by the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA Public Law 101-601). The analysis is intended to show that only a nominal amount of artifacts stored at WACC are actually subject to NAGPRA guidelines regarding funerary objects and perhaps more importantly that the curation procedures and conditions surrounding the acquisition of these objects has negatively impacted their research value.

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Hart, Hilary 1969. "Sentimental spectacles : the sentimental novel, natural language, and early film performance." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/297.

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Advisor: Mary E. Wood. xii, 181 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm. Print copy also available for check out and consultation in the University of Oregon's library under the call number: PS374.S714 H37 2004.
The nineteenth-century American sentimental novel has only in the last twenty years received consideration from the academy as a legitimate literary tradition. During that time feminist scholars have argued that sentimental novels performed important cultural work and represent an important literary tradition. This dissertation contributes to the scholarship by placing the sentimental novel within a larger context of intellectual history as a tradition that draws upon theoretical sources and is a source itself for later cultural developments. In examining a variety of sentimental novels, I establish the moral sense philosophy as the theoretical basis of the sentimental novel's pathetic appeals and its theories of sociability and justice. The dissertation also addresses the aesthetic features of the sentimental novel and demonstrates again the tradition's connection to moral sense philosophy but within the context of the American elocution revolution. I look at natural language theory to render more legible the moments of emotional spectacle that are the signature of sentimental aesthetics. The second half of the dissertation demonstrates a connection between the sentimental novel and silent film. Both mediums rely on a common aesthetic storehouse for signifying emotions. The last two chapters of the dissertation compare silent film performance with emotional displays in the sentimental novel and in elocution and acting manuals. I also demonstrate that the films of D. W. Griffith, especially The Birth of a Nation, draw upon on the larger conventions of the sentimental novel.

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Weber, Jerry Dean. "The Concept of Human Nature in New England." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625414.

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Coffin, Tammis. "Finding Poetry in Nature." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CoffinT2001.pdf.

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Bosworth, David. "The view of human nature in the United States constitution as expressed in The federalist papers." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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Burns, Barbara B. "The changing American conception of the wilderness as evidenced in the development of the national park system." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52051.

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Throughout the development of our country attitudes toward wilderness have gradually evolved, reflecting ever changing values and concerns. While colonial man viewed wilderness with fear and distaste and believed the worth of such areas was solely dependent on the economic value of its resources, his modern counterpart has begun to realize that the absolute preservation of wilderness is desirable and necessary in order to protect important inspirational, educational and ecological values generated from these lands. It follows that the federal agency we consider to be one of the largest holders of wilderness lands—the National Park Service—has not always employed wilderness preservation as a major criterion for national park establishment. The intent of this thesis is, thus, to trace the evolution of national attitudes toward wilderness through an examination of the development of the national park system, focusing on the types of parks created in different periods of time and the rationale used to justify park establishment. In this investigation the national park system was divided into five peak periods of establishment. Two parks were then selected from each period for examination as representative case studies. It was found that the parks of each period tended to possess similar physical characteristics, featured objects of preservation and rationale for inclusion into the system. As the park system developed a gradual broadening of concerns was apparent. With the introduction of new rationale and featured objects of preservation from peak to peak, rarely were previous concerns displaced entirely. Thus, the overall development of the park system can be interpreted as an additive process, resulting in the representation of an entire spectrum of environmental concerns by the fifth period of park establishment.
Master of Landscape Architecture

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Ridley, Cameron C. "Perceptions of Public Land Usage in the Eastern Sierra Nevada and the Effect of Environmental Regulation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1049.

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This senior thesis is a study of the change over time of American perceptions of how natural public lands are to be utilized. American interactions with nature are analyzed and synthesized into the role of the conqueror, conservationist, and preservationist. These competing ideologies have shaped our nation and public lands. Looking specifically at the Eastern Sierra Nevada of California, the thesis investigates how the federal land management agency of the United States Forest Service has incorporated these competing roles into one management plan. The thesis analyzes a visitor guide to the area from 1925 and 2014 to see how different ideals were incorporated into the management and promotion of the area to tourists. Additionally, the thesis investigates how the environmental preservation ideology has limited access to public land and how the resort model of tourism has grown while primitive recreation opportunities have been diminished.

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Books on the topic "Nature study – United States – History"

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Bob, Garrison, ed. Northern California nature weekends: Fifty-two adventures in nature. Guilford, Conn: Globe Pequot Press, 2005.

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Teaching children science: Hands-on nature study in North America, 1890-1930. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

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McGregor, Robert Kuhn. A wider view of the universe: Henry Thoreau's study of nature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.

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Wolgemuth, Ken. The old Marlborough Road: A journey into wonder. Cambridge, Mass: Zoland Books, 1991.

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Solomon, Allen M. Guide to graduate education in ecology in the United States and Canada. Tempe, AZ: Ecological Society of America, 1988.

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The Forest Unseen: A Year's Watch in Nature. New York: Viking, 2012.

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Carson, Rachel. The sense of wonder. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1998.

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A field guide to your own back yard. Woodstock, Vt: Countryman Press, 1999.

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A field guide to your own back yard. New York: Norton, 1985.

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Terres, John K. From Laurel Hill to Siler's Bog: The walking adventures of a naturalist. Chapel Hill, N.C: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Nature study – United States – History"

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Barrett, Terry L., and Gary W. Barrett. "Transforming Fields of Study in Landscape Ecology." In History of Landscape Ecology in the United States, 125–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2275-8_8.

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VanGeest, Jonathan B., Timothy P. Johnson, and Sonia A. Alemagno. "History of Substance Abuse Research in the United States." In Research Methods in the Study of Substance Abuse, 3–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55980-3_1.

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Ní Léime, Áine, and Debra Street. "Gender, Transitions and Turning Points: The Life Course and Older Workers’ Trajectories in Different US Occupations." In Older Workers and Labour Market Exclusion Processes, 19–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11272-0_2.

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AbstractThis chapter interrogates the proposition that extending working life is an unproblematic policy measure introduced to address demographic ageing and increased pension costs. The implications of extending working life varies for workers in different occupations. The chapter draws on interview data from a qualitative study of 17 men and 20 women workers in the United States. Interviewees working either as teachers or in physically-demanding jobs such as care-giving for older people or cleaning narrated their work-life history and discussed their current work, future plans and their views on working longer.Analysis of different strands of their work-life trajectories – work, family, health – from a life course perspective reveals that workers may be channelled into particular kinds of employment and that advantage or disadvantage can accumulate across the life course. It supports previous research showing that physically-demanding work adversely affects workers’ health. Gendered expectations regarding the provision of care can result in disrupted careers for women, leading to lower pension provision and the need to continue working later. Such processes, combined with pension reforms and the increasingly precarious nature of employment can lead to poor economic and health outcomes for some workers. The implications of these findings for policy are discussed.

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Krämer, Peter. "Hollywood and Its Global Audiences: A Comparative Study of the Biggest Box Office Hits in the United States and outside the United States Since the 1970s." In Explorations in New Cinema History, 171–84. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444396416.ch9.

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McComas, William F. "Nature of Science in the Science Curriculum and in Teacher Education Programs in the United States." In International Handbook of Research in History, Philosophy and Science Teaching, 1993–2023. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_61.

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Cain, Timothy Reese. "The History and Study of Faculty Unions and Collective Bargaining in the United States." In Collective Bargaining in Higher Education, 2–29. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003138990-2.

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Bolkhovitinov, N. N. "New Thinking and the Study of the History of the United States in the Soviet Union." In Western and Russian Historiography, 179–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12980-5_10.

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Maleki, Shadi, Jason P. Julian, Russell C. Weaver, Christina Lopez, and Mike Kraft. "Social Demand for Urban Wilderness in Purgatory." In Human-Nature Interactions, 247–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_20.

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Significance StatementIn a rapidly urbanizing world, urban wilderness areas offer unique opportunities to connect with raw nature. After examining social demand for urban wilderness in one of the fastest growing cities in the United States, we found that high levels of naturalness positively influence visitors’ use and perception of natural areas. Age and youth experiences with nature were the most significant, positive correlates with perception of wildlife. Regardless of race/ethnicity, income, and education, visitors recognized the importance of wildlife in urban wilderness. Overall, this study found that social demand for urban wilderness is a multi-dimensional balance between natural amenities and cultural conveniences. This knowledge is useful to city planners to properly plan and protect the natural areas within urban environments.

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Olsza, Małgorzata. "Towards Feminist Comics Studies: Feminist Art History and the Study of Women’s Comix in the 1970s in the United States." In Palgrave Studies in Comics and Graphic Novels, 185–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93507-8_10.

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Miller, Camden, and Alex Bitterman. "Commemorating Historically Significant Gay Places Across the United States." In The Life and Afterlife of Gay Neighborhoods, 339–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66073-4_15.

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AbstractThe stories of gay spaces across the United States are largely unrecorded, undocumented, and are not centrally collected or archived beyond informal reports and oral histories. Evidence demonstrates that the preservation of historic sites allows for future generations to benefit from intangibles related to community and identity. However, the LGBTQ+ community has been unable to gain benefits that place-based, historic sites can provide, due to an inability to commemorate spaces that have shaped LGBTQ+ history in significant ways. This chapter explores the disparities between the preservation and commemoration of significant LGBTQ+ spaces and the amount of funding distributed to these sites. As of 2016, LGBTQ+ sites comprised only 0.08 percent of the 2,500 U.S. National Historic Landmarks and 0.005 percent of the more than 90,000 places listed in the National Register of Historic Places. This representation is well short of the share of American adults that identify as LGBTQ+ , which in 2017 was approximately five percent of the United States population. In 2010 the Administration of President Barack Obama launched the LGBTQ Heritage Initiative under the National Historic Landmarks Program. This effort underscored a broader commitment to include historically underrepresented groups, including LGBTQ+ individuals. As a result, LGBTQ+ communities became eligible to receive funding for projects through the Underrepresented Community Grant Program. An analysis of the distribution of Underrepresented Community Grant Program funds revealed that the LGBTQ+ community receives considerably less funding compared to other underrepresented communities. The findings from this study suggest that there is still a significant amount of work that remains to be done to integrate LGBTQ+ histories into historic preservation programs that exist at various levels of programming (local, state, and federal).

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Conference papers on the topic "Nature study – United States – History"

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Miyamoto, Takuto, and Yuya Kajikawa. "A Comparative Study of Evidence-Based Policy Making on History and Introduction Process in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Japan." In 2022 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/picmet53225.2022.9882641.

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Huang, Yin-Nan. "Correlation of Near-Fault Ground Motions for Western United States." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78872.

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Design standards for safety-related nuclear facilities such as ASCE Standard 4-98 and ASCE Standard 43-05 require the correlation coefficient for two orthogonal components of ground motion for response-history analysis to be less than 0.3. The technical basis of this requirement was developed by Hadjian three decades ago using 50 pairs of recorded ground motions that were available at that time. Since then a significant number of ground-motion records have been acquired. The limiting value of 0.3 presented in ASCE Standards 4-98 and 43-05 is re-evaluated in this study using records from large ground-motion databases compiled recently for the near-fault WUS sites. In the past several years, research has addressed the correlation of spectral demand at different periods as well as its impact on the performance of structures. In this paper, the correlation coefficients of maximum spectral demands at different periods were computed and compared with those for geomean spectral demand developed by Baker and Jayaram.

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Haviland, David R. "Case study 1: From introduction to IPM — history of the invasion of spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in the western United States." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.116702.

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White, Nancy J., Sigitas Mitkus, and Renata Cibulskienė. "Classification of a defect as breach of contract or tort: a comparative study of the U.S. and the Republic of Lithuania." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.067.

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Purpose – this paper compares the approach of United States’ law and Lithuanian law in classifying a construction defect as a breach of contract or tort. Research methodology – the paper uses case studies to analyze. Unites States’ law approach divides damages into damages for breach of contract and tort damages. According to Lithuanian law, civil liability is assigned to contractual and non-contractual (tort) liability depending on the nature of the unlawful actions. Findings – the cases demonstrate that a defect usually is considered a breach of contract. Different types of damages are recoverable: compensatory damages according to United States’ law and direct and indirect damages are recoverable according to Lithuanian law. Research limitations – both contractual and non-contractual liability are analyzed. In addition, defects to construction by an act of fraud are covered. More research is needed on how the law affects the extension of the warranty period or the statute of limitations. Originality/Value – the paper provides a new interpretation of classification a construction defect as a breach of contract or tort and offers new insights comparing the different approach of law. Practical implications – the paper will be instructive to developers, contractors, management corporations

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Burkhanov, A. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND NATURAL-GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS OF THE CHOICE OF THE CAPITAL TERRITORY AND THE KHAN DOMAIN IN THE MEDIEVAL TATAR STATES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ULUS DZHUCHI AND THE KAZAN KHANATE)." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2591.s-n_history_2021_44/99-105.

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In this article, the author characterizes the main socio-economic and naturalgeographical factors in the choice of the capital territory and the valley of the rulers (khans) based on materials from the study of the history of the medieval Tatar states - Ulus Jochi (Golden Horde) and the Kazan Khanate. The analysis of the materials under study is based on the study of the natural conditions of the lands in question, the study of archaeological materials and medieval written sources

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Salomon, David. "Foreign Objects: Architectural History in the Age of Globalization." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.58.

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This paper addresses the theme of global and disglobal networks via the lens of architectural history, pedagogy and historiography. Specifically, it will argue that as currently defined in the United States the teaching of global architectural history is in danger of 1) losing its focus on architectural objects, and 2) of repeating the very gentrifying effects associated with globalization that it seeks to overcome. In what follows I will propose a mode of architectural history that avoids these traps by focusing first on architectural forms and types. Clorinda Testa’s design of the Bank of London and South America in Buenos Aires, Argentina will be used to test this theory. Before examining that object, we must first examine the historiographical context that makes it a relevant case study.

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Mađanović, Milica, Cameron Moore, and Renata Jadresin Milic. "The Role of Architectural History Research: Auckland’s NZI Building as William Gummer’s Attempt at Humanity." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4007piywz.

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In response to the third thematic sub-stream of the 38th Annual SAHANZ Conference, this paper will discuss the role of architectural research in the architecture of Gummer and Ford, the Auckland-based practice, often described as one of the most prolific bureaus in interwar New Zealand. The paper is a fraction of a three-staged project, “Gummer and Ford,” developed by a team of researchers from the Unitec Institute of Technology in response to an event recognised as a milestone in the New Zealand architectural calendar – the 2023 centenary of the firm’s establishment. This paper explores the design principles of William Gummer, the principal designer of the firm. From 1914 to 1935, Gummer consistently published his view that the goal of the architect was to cater to humanity’s highest instincts. He was unwavering but vague on how this is achieved; through composition, unity, contrast, proportion and scale, appropriate use of materials is all needed to produce buildings of good character. But what did he really mean by this? A close reading of three books Gummer considered invaluable to architectural students – The Essentials of Composition as Applied to Art by John Vredenburgh Van Pelt, Architectural Composition by Nathaniel Cortlandt Curtis, and The Mistress Art by Reginald Bloomfield – offers a direct insight into the influences behind his thinking about architecture and his architectural production. Directly traceable to Gummer, the three titles include clear, precise instructions on both the functional and artistic nature of architectural design. Interestingly, this paper employs a method not dissimilar to Gummer’s design method. These books taken together, along with Gummer’s own writing, a study of renderings and construction drawings, and close observation of the buildings, an architectural analysis of Gummer’s work becomes possible – it is what Gummer himself referred to as Architectural Research. This historically focused study will bring a new perspective to understanding the value and contribution of traditional architects, not only in New Zealand but other English-speaking countries.

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Bergman, Christopher A., Steven Law, Crista Haag, John Hein, and Donald Brice. "Some Strategies for Effective Cultural Resources Management in Pipeline Permitting." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64102.

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The inventory, evaluation and treatment of cultural resources represent a significant challenge for siting and permitting natural gas pipelines. Project sponsors assist the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission’s Office of Energy Projects with meeting its obligations under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The increasing sophistication of compliance with Section 106 is reflected in the Office of Energy Project’s 2002 Guidelines for Reporting on Cultural Resources Investigations for Pipeline Projects. Recent pipeline projects in the United States have involved environmental study corridors that are both wide and extensive, a combination that results in the identification of large numbers of cultural properties. The process of cultural resources management begins in the project planning stage with the development of site location modeling, analysis of previous investigations within or near Areas of Potential Effect, and consideration of the likelihood for encountering potentially eligible National Register of Historic Places properties. Using this information, site detection survey strategies can be developed that intensively target only sensitive portions of the Area of Potential Effect. During the survey, identification of archaeological sites, historic structures, or cultural landscapes requires prompt evaluation of National Register eligibility status for the purposes of avoidance or development of treatment plans. This presentation considers the Section 106 compliance process and how project sponsors can effectively manage cultural resources to ensure cost effectiveness and maintenance of restricted project schedules, while meeting the objectives of the National Historic Preservation Act.

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Dyachkov, V. "MIGRATION OF RUSSIAN POPULATION FROM 1880s TO 1940s: CONDITIONS, METHODOLOGY AND TECHNIQUE OF INVESTIGATION." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2592.s-n_history_2021_44/106-114.

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The article states the methodological and research technique conditions for the historical disclosure of the socio-natural synergy of social history in the specific case of Russian population migrations in the more than eventful period from the reign of Alexander III to the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years, inclusive. The requirements for a modern researcher of social processes on long continuous series of complex sociographic and demographic information are formulated. The public and author's mass sources are named, which are necessary for identifying and comparing the synergisms of migrations at five levels of populations of individual settlements, a subregion, a region, a macro-region and the country as a whole, and an algorithm for their processing is shown. Some of the most important results of the study of migration as a complex socio-natural mechanism of regulation and control of populations are presented in graphs, diagrams, histograms and maps.

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Smith, Lynne K., and Mary L. Bisesi. "The Role of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in the Cleanup of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Complex." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4791.

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As a result of nuclear weapons production, the United States of America produced significant quantities of transuranic waste, which consists of clothing, tools, rags, residues, debris and other items contaminated with small amounts of radioactive man-made elements — mostly plutonium — with an atomic number greater than that of uranium. Transuranic waste began accumulating in the 1940s and continued through the Cold War era. Today, most transuranic waste is stored at weapons production sites across the United States. In 1957, the National Academy of Sciences concluded that the most promising disposal option for radioactive wastes was disposal in deep geologic repositories situated in the salt formations. After nearly a decade of study, the United States Department of Energy decided in January 1981 to proceed with construction of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) at a site 41.6 km (26 miles) southest of Carlsbad, New Mexico. After years of study, construction, and permitting, the WIPP facility became operational in early 1999. As the United States continues to clean up and close its former nuclear weapon facilities, the operation of WIPP will continue into the next several decades. This paper will provide on overview of the history, regulatory, and public process to permit a radioactive repository for disposal of transuranic wastes and the process to ensure its long-term operation in a safe and environmentally compliant manner.

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Reports on the topic "Nature study – United States – History"

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Antonov, Volodymyr. Natural history BBC documentaries: history and functions. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11402.

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This scientific article studies natural history documentaries produced by BBC and traces important stages of the development of the attitude towards such genre as natural history documentary. This research is about understanding why this kind of programmes is important, particularly for Ukrainians, and why we should study the genre thoroughly, including the BBC’s experience in the field. Accordingly, the main objectives of the study were: 1. To substantiate the necessity for Ukrainian scholars to study natural history documentaries and BBC’s experience in the field. 2. To trace back and describe the main stages of development in the sphere of producing natural history documentaries by British Broadcasting Corporation. 3. To analyze the obstacles which modern journalists, filmmakers are dealing with and to draw attention of Ukrainian specialists to those philosophical questions that modern era is searching for answers to. In the result of the research these main tasks which were outlined above were fulfilled. The author of this article concluded that natural history documentaries help to understand our place in the world we live in. In addition, through the shared environment we can feel unity with those who inhabit our region, country, inhabited it before, will inhabit in future. Documentaries help us understand who we are. And this function of identification is very important for contemporary Ukraine. To understand how to create proper natural history documentary it’s important to learn the global history of creating such programmes and especially that part which covers BBC’s achievements. The achievements of the corporation which gave birth to such prominent figure as David Attenborough. In addition to this, the article described some modern challenges which documentary makers face and those questions which contemporary society needs to have answered. Because you cannot create a proper natural history programme if you know past but do not know modern challenges. To sum up, the topic which is deeply connected with process of self-identification is very important and perspective for Ukrainian society which suffers hybrid war and endeavours of Russian Federation to assimilate Ukrainian people, Ukrainian culture.

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Balarin, María, and Mauricio Saavedra. Reforming Education in the Context of Weak States: The Political Economy of Education Reforms in Peru 1995-2020. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-2023/pe04.

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In this paper, we explore the political economy of education reforms in Peru through an analysis of the recent history of education policies in the country. Starting in 1995, arguably the inception point for quality-oriented reforms, we follow policy developments in three selected areas – curriculum, teachers and assessment – up to 2020, the year when the study was conducted. Through a detailed reconstruction of policies and policy changes that was based on documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, we analyse the changing nature of agendas throughout this period and the factors that may explain changes and continuities.

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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.

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Wells, Aaron, Tracy Christopherson, Gerald Frost, Matthew Macander, Susan Ives, Robert McNown, and Erin Johnson. Ecological land survey and soils inventory for Katmai National Park and Preserve, 2016–2017. National Park Service, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287466.

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This study was conducted to inventory, classify, and map soils and vegetation within the ecosystems of Katmai National Park and Preserve (KATM) using an ecological land survey (ELS) approach. The ecosystem classes identified in the ELS effort were mapped across the park, using an archive of Geo-graphic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) datasets pertaining to land cover, topography, surficial geology, and glacial history. The description and mapping of the landform-vegetation-soil relationships identified in the ELS work provides tools to support the design and implementation of future field- and RS-based studies, facilitates further analysis and contextualization of existing data, and will help inform natural resource management decisions. We collected information on the geomorphic, topographic, hydrologic, pedologic, and vegetation characteristics of ecosystems using a dataset of 724 field plots, of which 407 were sampled by ABR, Inc.—Environmental Research and Services (ABR) staff in 2016–2017, and 317 were from existing, ancillary datasets. ABR field plots were located along transects that were selected using a gradient-direct sampling scheme (Austin and Heligers 1989) to collect data for the range of ecological conditions present within KATM, and to provide the data needed to interpret ecosystem and soils development. The field plot dataset encompassed all of the major environmental gradients and landscape histories present in KATM. Individual state-factors (e.g., soil pH, slope aspect) and other ecosystem components (e.g., geomorphic unit, vegetation species composition and structure) were measured or categorized using standard classification systems developed for Alaska. We described and analyzed the hierarchical relationships among the ecosystem components to classify 92 Plot Ecotypes (local-scale ecosystems) that best partitioned the variation in soils, vegetation, and disturbance properties observed at the field plots. From the 92 Plot Ecotypes, we developed classifications of Map Ecotypes and Disturbance Landscapes that could be mapped across the park. Additionally, using an existing surficial geology map for KATM, we developed a map of Generalized Soil Texture by aggregating similar surficial geology classes into a reduced set of classes representing the predominant soil textures in each. We then intersected the Ecotype map with the General-ized Soil Texture Map in a GIS and aggregated combinations of Map Ecotypes with similar soils to derive and map Soil Landscapes and Soil Great Groups. The classification of Great Groups captures information on the soil as a whole, as opposed to the subgroup classification which focuses on the properties of specific horizons (Soil Survey Staff 1999). Of the 724 plots included in the Ecotype analysis, sufficient soils data for classifying soil subgroups was available for 467 plots. Soils from 8 orders of soil taxonomy were encountered during the field sampling: Alfisols (<1% of the mapped area), Andisols (3%), Entisols (45%), Gelisols (<1%), Histosols (12%), Inceptisols (22%), Mollisols (<1%), and Spodosols (16%). Within these 8 Soil Orders, field plots corresponded to a total of 74 Soil Subgroups, the most common of which were Typic Cryaquents, Typic Cryorthents, Histic Cryaquepts, Vitrandic Cryorthents, and Typic Cryofluvents.

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Carty, Anthony, and Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.

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Pryshliak, Yaryna. DESTRUCTIVE OF CURRENT INFORMATION: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE HEADLINES OF NEWS AGGREGATORS IN UKRAINE, USA AND RUSSIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11102.

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The article outlines the impact of negative news on the minds of recipients, describes the reasons for the audience’s demand for negative information and represents the quantitative data of destructive information in the media space of Ukraine, USA and Russia. The rapid development of communication technologies, which contributes to the creation and dissemination of the largest volumes of information in human history, and therefore negative news, explains the relevance of the chosen topic. The main objectives of the study are news headlines that appear in the feed of the Google News aggregator (regional versions of the United States, Ukraine and Russia).

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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.

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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.

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Hunter, Martha S., and Einat Zchori-Fein. Rickettsia in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci: Phenotypic variants and fitness effects. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594394.bard.

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The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major pest of vegetables, field crops, and ornamentals worldwide. This species harbors a diverse assembly of facultative, “secondary” bacterial symbionts, the roles of which are largely unknown. We documented a spectacular sweep of one of these, Rickettsia, in the Southwestern United States in the B biotype (=MEAM1) of B. tabaci, from 1% to 97% over 6 years, as well as a dramatic fitness benefit associated with it in Arizona but not in Israel. Because it is critical to understand the circumstances in which a symbiont invasion can cause such a large change in pest life history, the following objectives were set: 1) Determine the frequency of Rickettsia in B. tabaci in cotton across the United States and Israel. 2) Characterize Rickettsia and B. tabaci genotypes in order to test the hypothesis that genetic variation in either partner is responsible for differences in phenotypes seen in the two countries. 3) Determine the comparative fitness effects of Rickettsia phenotypes in B. tabaci in Israel and the United States. For Obj. 1, a survey of B. tabaci B samples revealed the distribution of Rickettsia across the cotton-growing regions of 13 sites from Israel and 22 sites from the USA. Across the USA, Rickettsia frequencies were heterogeneous among regions, but were generally at frequencies higher than 75% and close to fixation in some areas, whereas in Israel the infection rates were lower and declining. The distinct outcomes of Rickettsia infection in these two countries conform to previouslyreported phenotypic differences. Intermediate frequencies in some areas in both countries may indicate a cost to infection in certain environments or that the frequencies are in flux. This suggests underlying geographic differences in the interactions between bacterial symbionts and the pest. Obj. 2, Sequences of several Rickettsia genes in both locations, including a hypervariableintergenic spacer gene, suggested that the Rickettsia genotype is identical in both countries. Experiments in the US showed that differences in whitefly nuclear genotype had a strong influence on Rickettsia phenotype. Obj. 3. Experiments designed to test for possible horizontal transmission of Rickettsia, showed that these bacteria are transferred from B. tabaci to a plant, moved inside the phloem, and could be acquired by other whiteflies. Plants can serve as a reservoir for horizontal transmission of Rickettsia, a mechanism that may explain the occurrence of phylogenetically-similarsymbionts among unrelated phytophagous insect species. This plant-mediated transmission route may also exist in other insect-symbiont systems, and since symbionts may play a critical role in the ecology and evolution of their hosts, serve as an immediate and powerful tool for accelerated evolution. However, no such horizontal transmission of Rickettsia could be detected in the USA, underlining the difference between the interaction in both countries, or between B. tabaci and the banded wing whitefly on cotton in the USA (Trialeurodes sp. nr. abutiloneus) and the omnivorous bug Nesidiocoristenuis. Additionally, a series of experiments excluded the possibility that Rickettsia is frequently transmitted between B. tabaci and its parasitoid wasps Eretmocerusmundus and Encarsiapergandiella. Lastly, ecological studies on Rickettsia effects on free flight of whiteflies showed no significant influence of symbiont infection on flight. In contrast, a field study of the effects of Rickettsia on whitefly performance on caged cotton in the USA showed strong fitness benefits of infection, and rapid increases in Rickettsia frequency in competition population cages. This result confirmed the benefits to whiteflies of Rickettsia infection in a field setting.

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