Dissertations / Theses: 'Nature – social aspects'

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Tench, Elizabeth. "The nature of social cognition in high-performance adolescent team athletes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0006/NQ38987.pdf.

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Magosha, Tendani Amos. "Social development versus saving nature? : a case study in environmental ethics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49787.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research project has been purposed at shedding light and bringing clarity and practical resolution to the ethical dilemma brought about by seemingly incompatible principles and value positions associated with the two contentious issues: social development and nature conservation. In view of exposing the contentions between the two above-mentioned value positions, this project has pitted anthropocentrism against biocen trism / ecocen trism. However, as alluded to in this research, many people in developing countries, South Africa included, are victims of poverty and hunger which need redress. Unfortunately the alleviation of the same has been made possible through ruthless exploitation and maximum expansion of natural resources and in the process, the environment suffered much. However, with social development, the natural environment is often sacrificed and conversely with the protection and preservation of nature, man is then condemned to destitution. With the introduction and the case expose forming the introduction of this research project in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 is devoted to the research methodology used throughout this project. Also, given the problem statement, endeavours to search for answers to the central questions are outlined. An analysis of the case study is also made in this chapter. Chapter 3 deals with the weighing of the classical dilemmas namely: anthropocentrism versus biocentrism / ecocentrism and this further entails the notion of justice versus conservation pertaining the case in point. These classical dilemmas are put into critical perspective in Chapter 4 wherein monistic value approaches are exposed in terms of their failures. Precisely, the either-or choices following from pure theoretical principles are put into question with reference to the case under discussion. An alternative, namely the pragmatic approach, which maintains a multiplicity of values, is hereby brought into play. Chapter 5 entails a critical appraisal of the decision to be taken by the Makhado Municipality Council with regard to the development of the shopping complex or the protection of the indigenous tree sanctuary. In conclusion, recommendations and suggestions are stated within the context of the case in point. However, it is imperative to note that these recommendations and suggestions should be read in conjunction with one another, and not in isolation from one another. Furthermore, the same should not in anyway be indiscriminately used as a universal standard in any similar or related case. Further research on this ethical debate is encouraged.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek is om helderheid en 'n praktiese oplossing te kry met betrekking tot die etiese dilemma wat voortspruit uit die oeriskynlik onversoenbare beginsels en waardeposisies wat geassosieer word met twee omstrede kwessies, naamlik sosiale ontwikkeling en natuurbewaring. Met die oog daarop om die kwelpunte rondom bogenoemde twee waardeposisies aan die lig te bring, stel hierdie projek antroposentrisme teenoor biosentrisme / ekosentrisme. Baie mense in ontwikkelende lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, IS slagoffers van armoede en hongersnood, soos aangedui word in die loop van hierdie navorsing. Hierdie situasie noodsaak regs telling. Pogings om verligting te bring in hierdie verband, lei egter tot die genadelose eksploitasie en maksimum ontwikkeling van natuurlike hulpbronne. In hierdie proses word die omgewing ernstig beskadig. Die ongelukkige toedrag van sake is dus dat sosiale ontwikkeling dikwels geskied ten koste van die omgewing, terwyl die beskerming en bewaring van die omgewing op sy beurt dikwels die mens behoeftig laat. Hoofstuk 1 van hierdie navorsingsprojek bevat 'n inleiding en beskrywing van die geval onder bespreking, terwyl Hoofstuk 2 gewy word aan die navorsingsmetodologie wat in hierdie projek gebruik word. Dit bevat ook 'n skets van die pogings om antwoorde te soek op die sentrale vrae van die probleemstelling, en 'n analise van die gevallestudie. In Hoofstuk 3 word die klassieke dilemmas wat verband hou met die betrokke probleem opgeweeg, naamlik antroposentrisme teenoor biosentrismej ekosentrisme, en die idee van geregtigheid teenoor die idee van bewaring. Bogenoemde klassieke dilemmas word in 'n kritiese lig beskou in Hoofstuk 4 deurdat die tekortkominge van monistiese waardebenaderings uitgewys word. Die 6f-6f keuses wat volg uit suiwer teoretiese beginsels word bevraagteken met verwysing na die geval onder bespreking. 'n Pleidooi word uiteindelik gelewer vir 'n alternatiewe pragmatiese benadering wat eerder 'n veelheid van waardes betrek. Hoofstuk 5 bevat 'n kritiese beoordeling van die keuse wat die Makhado Munisipaliteitsraad moet maak tussen die ontwikkeling van 'n winkelkompleks of die beskerming van 'n inheemse boomreservaat. Ter afsluiting word aanbevelings en voorstelle gemaak in verband met die kwessie onder bespreking. Dit is egter belangrik om daarop te let dat hierdie aanbevelings en voorstelle nie apart van mekaar beskou moet word nie, maar eerder saam gelees moet word. Dit is verder ook belangrik dat die aanbevelings en voorstelle wat met betrekking tot hierdie geval gemaak word nie sonder meer gebruik moet word as 'n universele standaard vir soortgelyke of verwante gevalle nie. Verdere navorsing oor hierdie etiese debat word aangemoedig.

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Carter, May Elizabeth. "Health and the nature of urban green spaces." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1838.

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Recognition that city-dwelling people can benefit from contact with nature is not new. The urban open air movement of the 19th century advised retention of greenways and development of urban parks and gardens to stop disease spread through lack of fresh air, poor sanitation and overcrowding. Now, in the early 21st century, urban green spaces are under threat from inner city infill projects and clearing of remnant vegetation to accommodate suburban sprawl. While much literature discusses positive health benefits of contact with nature, few studies explore explicit pathways between urban green space and health, despite mounting concern that disassociation between people and nature in urban communities may be detrimental to physical and mental health. This study explored how people’s attitudes toward nature might influence perceptions of nearby green spaces and feelings of attachment to living in their neighbourhood, and in turn, whether people with positive attitudes towards nature and positive perceptions of nearby green space would report better health. A mixed method research design was adopted in this study. Exploration of research questions required objective measurement of relationships between different aspects of health and nature, and interpretation of the subjective meanings people attach to those relationships. Study design involved distribution of a cross-sectional survey to residents in four neighbourhoods in Perth, Western Australia with respondents invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Neighbourhoods were selected based on location (either an inner or outer suburban area), age of neighbourhood (established or new), diversity of nearby green space, and socio-demographic characteristics. Data from 440 surveys and 25 interviews were analysed. Attitudes towards urban nature were diverse and it was clear that feelings about natural environments strongly influenced preference and perceptions of useable green spaces, and for some people, their choice of neighbourhood. In essence, people who enjoyed spending time in nature were more inclined to seek green spaces within their neighbourhood environment that provided complexity and opportunities for exploration or escape. Those who professed little connection to nature and saw bushland areas as untidy, uninviting or unsafe, tended to be more concerned about aesthetic and functional aspects of green space design and preferred to visit ‘civilised’ parks and gardens with manicured lawns, formal paths and playgrounds. Green spaces were important sites for physical activity, relaxation and social interaction and proximity to useable green space was a significant factor in predicting better selfreported health. In addition, neighbourhoods with trees and greenways were described as healthier places to live. People who lived in close proximity to parks and green spaces where social interaction regularly occurred, who reported that diverse green spaces and bushland areas were being retained in their neighbourhood, who cared about environmental issues and were interested in being involved in conservation activities, were more likely to report better physical function, general health, mental health and feelings of vitality. People who regularly visited nearby green spaces described feeling happier and more satisfied with living in their neighbourhood. Encouraging people to regularly visit and become actively involved in caring for local nature reserves and parklands can play an important role in health promotion and preventive health strategies. Conservation, useability and management of diverse green spaces must be considered as a critical element of urban planning. This will only occur with continuing recognition of the health benefits that can be achieved by retaining diverse, quality green spaces within suburban neighbourhoods.

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Chui, Chi Fai. "Rethinking the nature of motherhood and its influence on women's economic life." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1996. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/60.

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Warburton, John (John Harcourt). "The social nature of corrupt networks in the Queensland police force 1960-1987." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28112.

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Most corruption research is into what causes corruption, rather than how it functions, on institutional causal factors rather than how it works. There are strong practical reasons for this, given the difficulty in gaining reliable data about actual corruption. The political economy model of corruption is the most influential, coherent and popular. It describes corruption in terms of “rent seeking" behaviour by “rational optimisers”, and has the advantage of access to political economy tools and concepts such as game theory and principal agent theory. This thesis contests the assumptions of the rational choice influences on the political economy approach, using evidence from an in—depth case study of corruption in the Queensland Police Force between 1960 and 1987. The results show that the corrupt network in the Queensland Police Force involved highly complex social behaviour that displayed many “non rational” characteristics. Far from being rational optimisers focused on material benefits, corrupt network members were found to be willing to accept small material or non material rewards, even though their behaviour involved significant personal risk. Corrupt network members were also found to highly value social interactions and belonging to the corrupt network as a group. This is not to say that individuals in the corrupt network did not seek corrupt payments, as a large amount of cash was actually involved. However, the evidence shows that a very small number of “inner sanctum” power holders received a hugely disproportionate amount of the money while bearing disproportionately less of the risk. Corruption has to be holistically understood as an outcome of continuously functioning networks rather than as an episode with a distinct beginning and end. Using the data from the Queensland Police Force corrupt network, this thesis examines the nature of interactions between all the corrupt network actors using some of the tools and methodology of social network analysis. The evidence suggests that corrupt police networks are self contained and highly adaptive to threatsand opportunities from their environment. The network has a shape and function that transcends individuals, even though in the case of the Queensland Police Force corrupt network certain individuals were clearly important to its successful operation. The network is highly flexible and resilient, able to maintain itself while reducing activity even during periods of sustained external threat, and also to efficiently increase activity and access to resources when the environment is more favourable. The corrupt network is able to achieve these outcomes, both through using directly corrupt interactions between actors in the corrupt network, and other interactions that bear little relation to traditional conceptions of corruption. In particular this thesis finds that considerable energy is expended by corrupt network members in conducting interactions that: protect the network from external attack using network resources; promote the network to grow in directions that give it greater control of relevant resources; are of a social nature; and, promote the development of influence relations, access to resources, the swapping of information and the trading of favours. In fact, referring to a corrupt network underestimates the complexity of its interaction with its environment. The corrupt network within the Queensland Police Force interacted with several self contained networks that had links with each other: the corrupt police network; the criminal milieu; and, the adjacent influence network. The inter—relationships between all three networks were crucial to the operation of the police corrupt network, which at its highest point was receiving over $56,000 a month in corrupt payments from criminals. The evidence shows that without links to the criminals the corrupt conduct could not occur, but that links to the adjacent influence network were also highly important to corrupt network operation. The adjacent influence network consisted of a socially connected group of actors from Queensland’s primary social institutions including: the political sphere (and in particular the ruling National Party); the judiciary; and, the media. Access to powerholders in these institutions allowed the corrupt network to receive information and resourCes, thus ensuring it could protect and sustain itself over a long period of time. Anti-corruption measures need to take into account these social and network characteristics of corruption to be successful.

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Gurses, Mehmet. "Wealth and Regime Formation: Social and Economic Origins of the Change Toward Democracy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3966/.

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This study explores the relationship between economic development, social mobility, elites, and regime formation. I argue that the genesis of regime formation, in general, and of democratic regimes, in particular, is determined by the type of economic structure a society possesses, on the one hand, and on the degree the to which demands from disfranchised groups do or do not pose a substantial threat to the interests of elites who occupy the upper strata of the social and economic status hierarchy. Second I demonstrate that the dynamics of transition to wider political participation, as the core element of a democratic system of governance, and the survival of such change are different. In what follows I illustrate that some factors that have been found to dampen the chances for wider participation or have been found to be unrelated to onset of a democratic system of governance have considerable impacts on the durability of the democratic regimes. In a nutshell, the analysis points to the positive effects of mineral wealth and income inequality on the prospects of a democratic survival. Using a cross-national time series data set for all countries for the period between 1960 and 1999 I put the hypotheses to the test. I use binary logit, ordered logit, and ordinary least squares (OLS) to delineate the link between socioeconomic changes and the transition to wider participation. Survival analyses are employed to test for what factors account for the durability of a democratic regime.

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Van, der Riet Mary Boudine. "Mediation and the nature of cognitive socialization in the crèche and the home in a black rural context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002586.

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This thesis examines socialization in the homes and crèches of a rural area in a time of change. Change which is controlled and initiated from outside the local context, creates a dilemma for socialization agents when it introduces a knowledge paradigm different from that operating locally. Rural South African communities frequently experience exogenous change. The introduction of rural preschools, locally known as crèches, provides one example of such change challenging local socialization agents. While rural residents may not operate within knowledge paradigms to deal effectively with such change, they are not necessarily defeated by it. They "grapple" with the uncertainty, developing ways of coping and containing the change. This forms the focus of this thesis. Vygotsky's concept of mediation and conceptualization of the individual/society relationship, informs the examination of "grappling" with change. Two central questions are addressed: In an unfamiliar situation, what is mediated and what resources are drawn on? The research was designed around the recognition of the process nature of research, the constructivism inherent in research and the significance of the social context. Two central mediators, the mother and the crèche teacher, and the broader social context of the home and the creche, were examined. Three levels of investigation were utilised. An analysis of mediation in dyads working on an unfamiliar task provided insight into the social/psychological dynamics. Interviews with residents highlighted socialization beliefs and practices and the social context. Analysis of verses and stories taught to children revealed the inherent ideology of socialization. The main findings of this study are that: Rural residents "grapple" with social change by drawing on their own resources; in "grappling" with the unfamiliar what is mediated is an adult/child interactional status based on the inherent ideology of socialization and the dominant resource drawn on is the "culture of orality". It is argued that in the situation of neither mastery nor defeat, rural residents have used intermediary strategies of coping and containing the effect of the preschool as an agent of exogenous, social change. Recommendations are made for integrating "socialized" and "learned" knowledge from the home and the crèche.

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Sadkowski, Marie. "Place-identity and homelessness : The restorative nature of the home." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1993. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1456.

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This research aims to address deficiencies in the Place-Identity literature and establish whether the home is a central and mediating environment within this theory. An exploration of the association between homelessness and Place-Identity provides a vehicle for clarifying the psychological role of the home and in doing so an increased awareness of this social problem is promoted. Korpela's (1989) and Kaplan's (1983) theories on place, accentuating active self-regulatory mechanisms and restorative environments, act as a catalyst and provide a solid foundation for this current research. The extensive literature on the home highlights the different conceptions that abound and the lack of consensus regarding the impact of this environment. The environmental psychology paradigm promotes an understanding of the mutuality between people and their environments and in line with this belief it is Sixsmith's (1986) model of the home emphasizing the complementarity of the physical, social and emotional components that is the most influential, raising questions as to whether privacy and socialization are central adaptive functions and whether the physical environment can create a means for them to be fostered. The accent of the research is placed on a comparative analysis between homeless and non-homeless youth aged between 12-20 living in Perth's inner and outer suburbs. A random sampling procedure was used to obtain the sample (40 homeless and 40 non-homeless). An exploratory study provided some verification for the connection between Place-identity and homelessness and directed the methodology. A structured interview format was used with the instrument for the main inquiry being devised through a collaborative process with input from the researcher, administrative personnel and homeless youth. Fndings consolidate the importance of Place-Identity theory and the role places potentially have in promoting a sense of self and in maintaining self-equilibrium. An appreciation of the perceptions held of the original and current home environments by the two groups (homeless/non-homeless) suggests that it is the home that has the potential to contribute substantially to self identity. Links are made with Korpela (1989) and Kaplan (1983) demonstrating how the current home environment can reduce the impact of prior negative experiences in the original home. This finding stimulates the development and extrapolation of tentative models of Place-Identity clarifying the role of the home in creating a sense of self and maintaining self-equilibrium whilst emphasizing the importance of Promoting active self-regulation particularly pertaining to privacy and socialization. The most salient feature being the way in which these two latter qualities are stimulated by the design of homes and how they impact on self-identity. From these models an appreciation of the role of the original home as a possible causative factor for homelessness is acknowledged and importantly suggestions as to how the current home can potentially 'break' the homeless cycle proposed. The ramifications of this research extend primarily into the areas of counselling and design with the information obtained being useful for youth workers, school counsellors, parents and all concerned with youth. There are also implications for designers and architects suggesting that more conducive environments emerge from a collaborative process which encourages a shared conception of place needs. Future research is needed to broaden an understanding of the homeless group by incorporating greater numbers to include a more extensive coverage of the three types of accomodation (short, medium and long term) and those 'on the streets'. Developmental influences on Place-Identity are intimated and also warrant further investigation. This research stimulates questions about the influence of places throughout the various stages of life. It creates a foundation for determining how the physical environment can be restorative for other alienated groups in society such as those in prisons, hospitals and refuges. It also lends itself to an exploration of cultural influences such as Aboriginality and Place-Identity where such information might assist integration in a similar way as a knowledge of Place-Identity might for the homeless. It is hoped that this research might prove instrumental in impacting on policy related to accommodation services for the homeless, promote an increased understanding of this issue and lead to a continuing interest in the promotion of self-identity through the physical environment.

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Kapp, Sébastien. "L'immersion fictionnelle collaborative : une étude de la posture d'engagement dans les jeux de rôles grandeur nature." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209549.

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Qu’implique concrètement le fait de s’engager dans une fiction ?La question que pose cette thèse

est celle des efforts, des activités ou des « travaux » que doit effectuer le joueur de jeux de rôles

grandeur nature quand il veut s’immerger dans un univers fictionnel. Cette activité ludique demande

l’adoption d’une posture d’engagement dont le trait principal est qu’elle fonctionne sur un mode

collaboratif. Sollicitant les cadres théoriques d’Howard Becker (approche par mondes et division du

travail créatif), de Jean-Marie Schaeffer (dispositifs d’immersion fictionnelle), de Laurent Thévenot et

de Nicolas Auray (régimes d’engagement), j’examine trois de ces efforts, essentiellement grâce à une

ethnographie poussée. Le premier effort consiste à accéder à l’univers en créant un personnage actif

et autonome ;le second revient à interagir au sein du monde fictionnel dans un double mouvement

qui consiste à repousser ses cadres tout en les renforçant ;le troisième implique d’imaginer des

modes d’organisation pour donner un cadre à l’action.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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McLeman, Robert Andrew. "A management strategy for potential human population movements as a result of climate change." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14040190.

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Guy, Stephen. "The nature of community in the Newfoundland rock underground /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81493.

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Twenty-five years of independent, underground, or punk rock music-making in St. John's, Newfoundland, have been defined by geographic isolation. In tracing a historical record of the small city's punk/indie scene, this project seeks to evaluate recent academic discussion surrounding the role of collectivity in artistic 'independence' and examine the impact of prevailing international aesthetics and changing communication technologies on local practice. The self-containment and self-sufficiency of the St. John's music community, largely the product of the city's isolated position on the extreme eastern tip of a large island off the east coast of North America, provide a unique backdrop against which to foreground a discussion of the distance between indie/punk rhetoric and reality. I contend that 'scene' in popular and academic use refers to the casual aggregation occasioned by similar interest and shared location, while 'community' hints at effort, co-operation and productive support.

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Campos, Simone Vieira de. "Jau em jogos : mudanças sociais e conservação ambiental no Parque Nacional do Jau (AM)." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280527.

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Orientador: Lucia da Costa Ferreira
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T05:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_SimoneVieirade_D.pdf: 11587065 bytes, checksum: 687aa83fcd27cb0b3f8a2a69d88acf67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O estabelecimento de áreas ambientalmente restritivas figura como um dos principais instrumentos de conservação ambiental do país. Partindo do fato de que a maioria das áreas de proteção integral no Brasil é habitada, buscamos desvendar os processos de mudança social em curso nessas áreas partindo do estudo de uma área de proteção integral específica: O Parque Nacional do Jaú, na Amazônia brasileira. O objetivo central desta pesquisa é compreender os modos de ação dos moradores deste parque frente à situação de anomia legal, de suspensão de direitos provocados pela implantação de uma área de proteção integral em seu local de moradia. Algumas das perguntas centrais que direcionaram nosso trabalho foram: de que modo os moradores são sujeitos ativos no direcionamento do rumo das transformações sociais no parque? Será que as ações dos moradores frente às restrições de uso e acesso a recursos a que foram submetidos caminham num único sentido possível? De que modo a heterogeneidade desses sujeitos em relação aos seus objetivos e em relação aos seus modos de agir influencia e/ou constitui a direção das mudanças sociais no parque? Verificamos que os modos de ação dos moradores frente à essa situação são bastante heterogêneos. Algumas das principais estratégias de ação observadas foram: estabelecimento de acordos e parcerias institucionais (acordo de pesca) e informais {parceria com empresários de pesca esportiva), mudança nas estratégias de sobrevivência, na forma de utilização dos recursos, na relação com demais sujeitos sociais participantes dessa arena negociatória; êxodo e posterior mobilização de ex-moradores no município vizinho de Novo Airão
Abstract: The establishment of restrictive environmental areas figures as one of the main instruments of environmental conservation in the country. Beginning with the fact that the majority of integrally protected areas in Brazil is inhabited, we seek to reveal the processes of social change in course in these areas, based on the study of a specific integrally protected area: the Jaú National Park, in the Brazilian Amazon. The central objective of this research is the comprehension of the inhabitants' modes of action in the park while facing a situation of legal Anomia, of suspension of rights provoked by the implantation of an area of integral protection where they live. Some of the central questions that gave direction to our work were: in what way are the inhabitants active subjects in deciding the course of the social transformations in the park? Subjected to use and access restrictions in the park, are the inhabitants' actions leading to a unique possible solution? In relation to their objectives and to their manners of action, how does the heterogeneity of these subjects influence and/or determine the direction of the social changes in the park? We verified that, in the face of this situation, the inhabitants' modes of action are quite heterogeneous. Some of the main strategies of action observed were: establishment of agreements and institutional partnerships (fishing agreements) and informal partnerships (partnership with sportive fishing entrepreneurs), changes in survival strategies in the form of resource utilization, in relationship with other social subjects participating in this arena of negotiation, exodus and posterior mobilization of ex-inhabitants in the neighboring town of Novo Airão
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências Sociais

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Brickle, Tyler A. "In Defense of Wilderness: A Documentation of the Social and Cultural Aspects of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984123/.

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My thesis research provides an alternative argument for the protection of the wilderness that extends far beyond that of the purely biological and instead looks at wilderness for the intrinsic value, focusing on the social and cultural aspects. Through an ethnographic approach, I uncovered the how, why, and in what context people connect with wilderness and how people lean on these experiences. Through analysis of the interviews and data that was collected, I was able to identify tangible and intangible values associated with wilderness exploration and understand how these social and cultural aspects manifest themselves in people's day-to-day lives.

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Rettie, Kathleen. "At home in national parks : a study of power, knowledge and discourse in Banff National Park and Cairngorms National Park." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2819.

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National Parks bear greater implications than simply preserving or conserving pockets of landscape. They evoke values of conservation versus development, livelihood economics, environmental stewardship and personal enrichment; they fulfil positions in relation to the national and the international stage. Social characteristics are revealed though this comparative study of Banff National Park and the Cairngorms National Park. Perceptions of space, place and boundaries crucially imply different meanings to the people living inside the national park boundaries and those living outside the boundaries. 'Insiders' are long-term permanent residents for whom being in the park is a practical activity; 'outsiders' include scientists, conservationists, bureaucrats, and tourists, who take various ideological positions regarding the park's purpose. Both sides take a serious interest in the park and how it is managed and regard it as a place where they are 'at home'. Groups within these spaces considers their values and rights superior to others and conflict often arises. Non-violent means of gaining power as theorized by Foucault and Bourdieu, employing knowledge and discourse, are highly suggestive in the study of national parks. Discourse of nature is strategically significant as it influences purpose and policy that drive government's decisions on how the park will be managed - in this way discourse shapes the culture of how we use nature. Knowledge, as symbolic capital and as the basis for truth, sparks divisiveness - in particular scientific knowledge versus experiential knowledge. Changes to the exclusive North American model, such as those instituted in the Caimgorms, mark the increased social utility and inclusive nature of national parks. The challenge remains for park managers to reconcile values connected with nationalism and environmental ethics with values connected with local livelihoods.

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Ruge, Jenny M. "The nature and role of peer assistance in the literacy learning of children aged six and seven years." Thesis, View thesis, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26849.

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This thesis investigates the ways in which young children assist each other as meaning makers in relation to written language as they interact in classroom writing sessions. It examines the nature of peer assistance in young children's self-selected writing tasks, and the role of social interaction in literacy knowledge construction. It documents the patterns of interaction evident among a group of Year 1 students, and describes differences in the teacher's and students' perceptions of peer assistance in the classroom. Based on extensive observations in a Year 1 classroom, the study explores the potential of peer interactions to contribute to the literacy learning of individuals, and the construction of literacy within the group.

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Steyn, Carly. "Work value change in South Africa : its nature, direction and distribution between 1990 and 2001." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53227.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recent literature on values suggests that advanced, industrial societies are displaying a marked shift away from traditional values that stress material prosperity, physical and economic security towards values that are more expressive of individual freedom, autonomy and growth. According to Inglehart, forces of modernisation and globalisation have initiated a number of systemic level changes, that have ushered in processes of objective and subjective individualisation, dramatically altering the nature and structure of human value orientations and societal norms. Work values, as expressions of general life values in the work context, are no exception to this process. In the new world of work, intrinsic work values that stress personal growth, development and self-determination should gradually replace extrinsic work values such as good pay, job security and status. An understanding of the nature, direction and distribution of such value change could prove invaluable to the organizational practitioner and policy maker, since work values playa pivotal role in shaping organisational structure, process and policy. According to Inglehart, a number of developing countries are displaying similar shifts towards individualised values. Although classified as a middle-income, developing economy, South Africa has undergone a number of prolific economic, political and cultural changes over the last decade that would undoubtedly have altered the nature, direction and distribution of work values in the country. It is in the light of these political, economic and cultural developments that the current study embarked on an analysis of the nature, direction and distribution of work value change in South Africa between 1990 and 2001. The analysis was informed by the proposition that the work values of South Africans citizens should reflect a shift in the direction of individualised work values between 1990 and 2001. South Africans have, however, been exposed to and socialized within vastly different social, economic and political environments. The study has therefore taken cognisance of the fact that work value change in South Africa should reflect the stark cleavages and differences that exist within the population, and attempted to plot the differences in the nature and direction of work values between the various social categories defined by race, gender, educational and occupational level. The secondary analysis of survey data from the South African components of the 1990, 1995 and 2001 World Values Survey was performed in order to fulfil the objectives of the study. Work values of South African citizens were measured in terms of four dimensions, namely work centrality; work values relating to the distribution of power in the organization; work values relating to work preferences; and work values relating to authority systems in the workplace. Use was made of simple uni-variate and bi-variate analysis, as well as the comparison of means where appropriate. The results of the analysis suggest that work values relating to work centrality and the distribution of power in the organisation have become increasingly individualised. Work values relating to work preferences and authority have, however, displayed a trend in opposition to individualisation. Comparisons of work value change across the various sub-groups of the population reflect the changing economic, social and political landscape of South Africa. The data suggests that as various sub-groups of the population are exposed to the systemic level changes characteristic of the new South Africa, traditional value differences informed by race, gender, educational and occupational level will be gradually transformed and replaced by new value patterns untainted by the inequalities of the apartheid era. The analysis concludes by examining a number of explanations for the value changes described, and attempts to infer implications for the formulation and implementation of workplace policy and practice in South Africa. The high and increasing levels of unemployment and the increasing participation of women and previously excluded racial groupings into the South African labour market have increased perceptions of job insecurity in South Africa and have resulted in an expanding number of South Africans placing increased emphasis on traditional work preferences and systems of authority. Should this trend persist, the development of individualised work values will continue to be hindered, rendering the South African business environment less competitive and increasingly fraught with high levels of distrust and uncertainty. We suggest, therefore, that human resource practitioners and policy makers embark on the challenging task of reframing individual perceptions surrounding the meaning of work in South Africa, so as to better prepare South Africans for the challenges brought about by the new world of work
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onlangse literatuur oor waardes dui daarop dat vooruitstrewende industriële gemeenskappe 'n merkbare verskuiwing toon weg van tradisionele waardes wat materialistiese welvaart, tasbare en ekonomiese sekuriteit beklemtoon, na waardes wat groter klem lê op individuele vryheid, outonomie en ontwikkeling. Volgens Inglehart het kragte van modernisering en globalisering 'n aantal sistemiese veranderinge teweeg gebring wat op hul beurt prossesse van objektiewe en subjektiewe individualisasie ingelei het en wat aanleiding gegee het tot 'n dramatiese verandering in die aard en struktuur van menslike waarde-orientasies en gemeenskapsnorme. Werkwaardes as uitdrukking van algemene lewenswaardes in die werkkonteks is nie 'n uitsondering in die proses nie. In die nuwe wêreld van werk behoort intrinsieke waardes wat persoonlike groei, ontwikkeling en selfbeskikking beklemtoon, geleidelik ekstrinsieke waardes soos goeie besoldiging, werksekuriteit en status te vervang. 'n Begrip van die aard, rigting en verspreiding van sodanige waarde-verandering kan van onskatbare waarde wees vir die organisatoriese praktisyn en beleidmaker aangesien werkswaardes 'n sentrale rol speel in die vorming van organisatoriese struktuur, prosesse en beleid. Volgens Inglehart vertoon 'n aantalontwikkelende lande 'n soortgelyke verskuiwing na geïndividualiseerde waardes. Alhoewel Suid-Afrika as 'n middel inkomste ontwikkelende ekonomie geklassifiseer word, het dit die afgelope dekade 'n verskeidenheid van ekonomiese, politieke en kulturele veranderinge ondergaan wat ongetwyfeld die aard, rigting en verspreiding van werkswaardes beïnvloed het. Met hierdie politieke, ekonomiese and kulturele ontwikkelinge as agtergrond, onderneem hierdie studie 'n analise van die aard, rigting en verspreiding van die verandering in werkswaardes in Suid-Afrika tussen 1990 en 2001. Die analise is in die veronderstelling dat die werkswaardes van die Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap 'n verskuiwing in die rigting van geïndividualiseerde werkswaardes sal weerspieël tussen 1990 en 2001. Suid-Afrikaners is egter blootgestel aan verskillende sosiale, ekonomiese en politieke omgewings. Die studie neem dus kennis van die feit dat werkswaarde-veranderinge in Suid- Afrika die skeiding en verskille wat voorgekom het in die bevolking sal weerspieël en poog om die verskille in die aard en rigting van werkswaardes te demonstreer tussen die verskillende kategorieë gedefinieer volgens ras, geslag, opvoedings- en beroepsvlak. Die sekondêre analise van opname data van die Suid Afrikaanse komponente van die 1990, 1995 en 2001 "World Values Survey" is ontleed ten einde uitvoering te gee aan die doelstellings van die studie. Werkwaardes van Suid-Afrikaners is gemeet aan die hand van vier dimensies, nl. werksentraliteit; werkswaardes wat verband hou met die verspreiding van mag in die organisasie; werkswaardes wat verband hou met werksvoorkeure, en werkswaardes wat gerig is op gesagstelsels in die werkplek. Gebruik is gemaak van enkelvariansie en dubbelvariansie analise asook die vergelyking van middelpunt, waar van toepassing. Die resultate van die ondersoek dui daarop dat werkswaardes wat verband hou met werksentraliteit en die verspreiding van mag in die organisasie toenemend geïndividualiseerd geraak het. Werkswaardes verwant aan werksvoorkeure en gesag demonstreer egter 'n duidelike neiging in stryd met individualisasie. Vergelyking van werkswaarde-veranderinge oor die verskillende sub-groepe van die bevolking weerspieël die veranderende ekonomiese, sosiale en politieke landskap van Suid-Afrika. Die data dui aan dat soos verskillende sub-groepe van die bevolking blootgestel word aan die sistemiese-vlak veranderings eie aan die nuwe Suid-Afrika, tradisionele waarde-verskille as gevolg van ras, geslag, opvoeding- en beroepsvlak, geleidelik sal verander en vervang word deur nuwe waarde-oriëntasies onbevlek deur die ongelykhede van die apartheidsera. Die analise sluit af deur 'n aantal verduidelikings vir die waarde-veranderings te ondersoek en poog om implikasies af te lei vir die formulering en implementering vir werkplekbeleid en praktyk in Suid-Afrika. Die hoë en steeds toenemende vlakke van werkloosheid, die toenemende toetrede van vrouens en voorheen benadeelde rassegroeperings tot die Suid Afrikaanse arbeidsmark het die persepsie van lae werksekuriteit in Suid-Afrika verhoog en het tot gevolg dat 'n toenemende aantal Suid-Afrikaners groter klem plaas op tradisionele werksvoorkeure en sisteme van gesag. Sou die tendens voortduur, sal dit die ontwikkeling van geïndividualiseerde werkswaardes belemmer, wat tot gevolg sal hê dat die Suid-Afrikaanse besigheidsomgewing minder kompeterend sal wees, met toenemende vlakke van wantroue en onsekerheid. Ek stel dus voor dat menslike hulpbron praktisyns en beleidsmakers begin met die uitdagende taak om individuele persepsies te beïnvloed met betrekking tot die betekenis van werk in Suid-Afrika ten einde Suid-Afrikaners beter voor te berei vir die uitdagings daargestel deur die nuwe wêreld van werk.

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Miller, Gilbert David. "Scientists, Uncertainty and Nature, An Analysis of the Development, Implementation and Unintended Consequences of the Northwest Forest Plan." Thesis, Portland State University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13807499.

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The conflict in the Pacific Northwest between competing visions of how federal forests should be managed resulted in a political stalemate in the early 1990s. The Northwest Forest Plan (NWFP) was initiated to resolve the demands for maintaining ecosystem processes and biological diversity with the social and economic needs for timber harvest. The foundation for the plan rested with the development of ecosystem management. The intent of this research is to explore the events which led up to the adoption of the NWFP, how it was implemented by the US Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management and the subsequent reactions to and consequences of the plan.

The primary research consisted of thirty-eight semi-structured interviews with individuals responsible for the development of the initial plan, those tasked with implementing the plan and current federal agency personnel from the land management agencies and regulatory agencies. With the use of thematic analysis, key meanings were captured as expressed by the interviewees. The data was analyzed using institutional theory, capturing the organizational relations within the organizational field of the land management agencies.

Research findings suggest that the NWFP was unsuccessful in meeting the goal of addressing the social and economic issues as well as the goals for ecosystem management. This dissertation explores the organizational practices and cultural meanings that led to the final instantiation of the plan. It seeks to shed light on the reasons why these goals were not met and how future forest plans can move beyond the current stalemate between conservation and preservation.

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18

Tam, Pou U. "Machines in Faulkner's Mississippi garden." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2554101.

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19

Lima, Nabylla Fiori de. "Maria Lacerda de Moura na Revista Estudios (1930-1936): anarquismo individualista e filosofia da natureza." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1993.

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CAPES
Este trabalho apresenta uma análise dos artigos publicados pela pensadora brasileira Maria Lacerda de Moura na revista espanhola Estudios (1930-1936). Nestes artigos identificamos elementos para a constituição de uma filosofia unicista libertária da natureza, de onde vem o nosso objetivo de compreender a proposta desta autora, além das suas contribuições críticas à relação estabelecida entre natureza e humanidade na sociedade burguesa industrial. A imprensa foi instrumento privilegiado no final do século XIX para a organização do movimento anarquista bem como difusão de conhecimento e ideais e valores contraculturais à ideologia dominante. Visando a transformação social, editoriais de viés anarquista emergiram trazendo elementos críticos à sociedade vigente e atentos às descobertas científicas da época. Além da difusão do conhecimento, os libertários também questionavam o papel da classe científica e ressignificavam conhecimentos e conceitos a fim de transformá-los em instrumentos para a mudança revolucionária. Neste sentido, identificamos nos artigos publicados na Revista Estudios, ligada ao campo do anarco-individualismo espanhol, a construção de diversas filosofias da natureza com vistas à sociedade libertária. Neste período de fortalecimento a nível mundial dos Estados-nação após a Primeira Guerra Mundial e a ascensão dos Estados totalitários, os militantes e pensadores anarquistas questionavam o avanço tecnológico, a democracia e as instituições da sociedade burguesa. Nesta perspectiva, constituíam diferentes visões da natureza que se opunham à das classes dirigentes, base de um conhecimento científico normalizador e de uma sociedade de controle. Releituras críticas e emancipatórias de temas científicos tão diversos como a eugenia, o neomalthusianismo, o naturismo, a educação sexual, o vegetarianismo, o proteanismo, a plasmogenia, aliados ao combate anticlerical e a um pacifismo radical, baseavam a crítica libertária às políticas autoritárias exercidas pelos governos fascistas. A partir dos artigos da brasileira Maria Lacerda de Moura, publicados neste periódico entre os anos de 1930 e 1936, procuraremos demonstrar a constituição de saberes e de uma “ciência radical”, crítica à sociedade vigente e voltada para a construção de uma nova ética, de uma nova sociedade harmônica através da cooperação, educação, emancipação, avanço tecnológico e participação democrática direta. Na revista Estudios, Maria Lacerda de Moura constrói pontes ibero-americanas a fim de combater inimigos em comum e desativar quaisquer mecanismos de dominação. Neste caminho, a partir das resistências locais e cotidianas, a construção de uma filosofia unicista da natureza se faz evidente.
This work presents an analysis of articles published by brazilian thinker Maria Lacerda de Moura in the spanish journal Estudios (1930-1936). In these articles we identified elements for the creation of a libertarian unicist philosophy of nature, hence our goal to understand the purpose of this author beyond their critical contributions to the relationship established between nature and humanity in the industrial bourgeois society. The press was a privileged instrument in the late nineteenth century to the organization of the anarchist movement and diffusion of knowledge and countercultural ideals and values of the dominant ideology. Aimed at social transformation, editorials with anarchist bias emerged, attentive to the scientific discoveries of the time and bringing critical elements to the existing society. In addition to the dissemination of knowledge, libertarians also questioned the role of class and they gave their own meanings to scientific knowledge and concepts in order to turn them into an instrument for revolutionary change. In this sense, we identify in articles published in the journal Estudios, linked to the field of spanish anarcho-individualism, the construction of various philosophies of nature with a view to libertarian society. In this period of strengthening of global nation-states after the First World War and the rise of totalitarian states, militants and anarchist thinkers questioned the technological progress, democracy and the institutions of bourgeois society. In this perspective, they constituted different views of nature which opposed the one defended by the ruling class, based on a normalizing scientific knowledge and a society of control. Libertarian critique of authoritarian policies exercised by fascist governments was based on critical and emancipatory reinterpretations of scientific topics as diverse as eugenics, neomalthusianism, naturism, sex education, vegetarianism, the "proteanismo", the "plasmogenia", allies to combat anti-clerical and radical pacifism. From the articles published by the Brazilian Maria Laceda de Moura. in this journal between the years 1930 and 1936, we will seek to demonstrate the constitution of knowledges and a "radical science," critique of current society and toward the construction of a new ethics, of a new harmonious society through cooperation, education, empowerment, technological advances and direct democratic participation. In Estudios magazine, Maria Lacerda de Moura built Ibero- American bridges in order to combat enemies in common and disable any mechanisms of domination. In this way, from local and daily resistance, the construction of a unicist philosophy of nature is evident.

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20

Eckley, Michael C. "Aesthetic Values of Five Primary Wood Transporting Methods Common to Northern New England." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/EckleyMC2004.pdf.

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21

Mak'ochieng, Alice Atieno. "A case study of the strategic nature of DaimlerChrysler South Africa's corporate social investment programmes in the local communities of the Border-Kei region in the Eastern Cape Province." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002781.

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Corporate social responsibility has become the business issue of the 21st century. Heightened expectations of the business sector, globalisation and increased media attention on the role of business in society are casting an intense spotlight on this issue. As a result, pressure has built on business to play a larger role in bringing about socio-economic development to many local communities where they operate. While for a long time companies have been involved in the community on a philanthropy basis, many companies today are reassessing the manner in which they conduct their corporate social responsibility programmes. Many companies are including corporate social responsibility issues into their strategic planning process and overall corporate strategy. Emphasis is given to certain strategic indicators that must be present in order for a company to be said to have taken a strategic approach to corporate social responsibility. This study adopted a critical-realist approach using a case study method to evaluate DaimlerChrysler South Africa’s corporate social investment programmes in the local community of the Border-Kei region against these strategic indicators. This new form of engagement is even challenging for a multinational corporation, which may feel that it is only obliged to assist the local community where its corporate headquarters is located. But as companies derive an everlarger share of revenue and profits from international operations, multinational companies are being called upon to redefine “community”, by looking beyond local, domestic and geographical communities to include those in regions where they have factories or factories operated by key suppliers. This study found that DCSA was strategically involved and had a good relationship with its local community. However, the company needs to be more connected with the rural communities to make local projects more successful especially after handover.

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22

Adams, Terry Rachael. "Overcoming Barriers to Teaching Action-Based Environmental Education: A Multiple Case Study of Teachers in the Public School Classroom." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1230.

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As the human population increases, it becomes increasingly more important for society to understand the impact of humans on the environment. Preserving fixed resources by engaging in sustainable practices is necessary to ensure those resources are available for future generations. Since the early 1960s, policy makers and educators alike have sought to ensure that students graduate environmentally literate. Previous research has identified a multitude of barriers that limit classroom teacher’s ability to integrate environmental education into their curriculum. The purpose of this study was to investigate how teachers overcome those barriers that restrict the integration of action based environmental education into the public school classroom. This was a three case study of public high school teachers. Data were gathered for this qualitative study through observations, interviews, and the collection of documents. Constant comparative method was utilized to analyze data. The researcher conducted a within-case analysis for each case and a cross-case analysis as well. Through the use of coding, the researcher identified patterns and themes across cases. Barriers identified by participants included resources, time, and risk. The primary factors uncovered by this study, which potentially affect teacher efficacy, are personal and educational background, the availability of mentors, and support of outside agencies. The implications for policy makers and institutions of higher education that can be drawn from this study are that, through the course of teacher undergraduate and graduate education, teachers should be provided with field experiences in the area of environmental education. In addition to providing field experiences, finding ways to link teachers to outside environmentally focused agencies and mentors increases teacher efficacy by providing support and resources.

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Yasan, Nehir. "Exploring The Research Assistants&#039." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613700/index.pdf.

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The aim of this qualitative study was to explore research assistants&rsquo
opinions regarding the courses they take during their graduate study in terms of improving their science perception and research skills. The research questions include research assistants&rsquo
assessments about the effectiveness of graduate courses on research skills and science perception, their evaluation of the graduate programs in terms of improving science perception, and their suggestions on the improvement of the quality of the graduate program regarding science perception and research skills. The sample for the present study contains 12 interviewees from four different v institutes of Middle East Technical University. The interviewees are all PhD candidates at METU. The sample was chosen by using purposive sampling. In this study, the data collection instrument was a semi-structured interview guide designed by the researcher. There were 8 main questions and 9 sub-questions. The collected data was analyzed through content analysis. The results of the study are presented under four main themes, which were derived from the research questions. First theme was the assessment of research skills which was about usefulness of courses, competence about research methods, reasons for not taking courses, problems because of not taking them. The second theme was the assessment of science perception which was about contributions of courses, reasons for not taking courses. The third theme was the evaluation of the graduate programs which consisted of should-be-developed and positive aspects. The last theme was about suggestions which could be realized by university administration and by personal efforts. In conclusion, the findings revealed that the research assistants are aware of the importance of research methods course for enhancing research skills, and of effectiveness of history and philosophy of science course regarding the improving of science perception. In this respect, based on literature review and the research assistants&rsquo
views it is suggested that history and philosophy of science course utilizing explicitly-reflective inquiry approach should be included curriculum of graduate programs.

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24

Huggins, Gregory Bryan. "Social aspects of natural resource management in rural Kwazulu." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21612.

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Bibliography: pages 201-214.
Environmental degradation is widely regarded as an integral part of South Africa's homeland areas. Conventional thinking often blames so-called traditional farming practices, attitudes and values for this situation. In other words, the blame is placed with the residents of the areas and environmental degradation is explained away as the result of a particular cultural make-up. Following this line of thought, education via agricultural extension is mooted as the primary solution to what is regarded as an inherent problem. The central concern of this dissertation is to examine the dynamics of natural resource management by residents of a rural area in KwaZulu known as oBivane. The thesis shows that the conditions leading to environmental degradation are best seen as the result of particular historical and political processes and not simply as the results of particular patterns of behaviour that are culturally driven. These processes, given primary impetus by massive population influx onto a restricted land base and combined with the peculiarities of differential access to resources and the need to preserve the interests of elite groups, have forced sectors of the South African population into situations where physical survival has necessarily had grave environmental cost. One of the consequences of apartheid policies has been to institutionalise environmental degradation in particular areas of the country.

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25

De, Kock-Wiesener Cornelia. "Teken, landskap en kennis : 'n ondersoek na die rol van teken in Suid-Afrikaanse kuns." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53613.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis explores the role played by drawings in the creation of knowledge. The study specifically focuses on drawings of the South African landscape and how it led to knowledge of our country. The Western perception of the concept of nature in relation to culture or civilisation is investigated by brief reference to a few periods in Western history. It is argued that man and nature was separated in Western thought by the establishment of rational thinking. This concept led to man's exploitation of nature to his own advantage. The division between man and nature was broadened in the quest for technological advancement. The first European travellers came to South Africa with a Western mind set, hoping for better economical conditions. The illustrated traveller's report reflects the verbal and visual capturing and exploitation of the South African landscape. It is further argued that European travellers tried to structure the landscape according to Western aesthetical traditions. Drawings appear to be picturesque but have radical political, economical and social implications. Colonial depictions created knowledge, but in fact symbolically legitimise the expansion of power. Until the middle of the twentieth century Western aesthetic traditions were applied to visual depictions of the South African landscape. During this period, artists were uncritical of the oppressive political system and in doing so gave their tacit consent. Ever since the middle of the twentieth century, several artists voiced their opinions against the unfair policy of the ruling political party. Visual images asked subtle questions and gave radical judgements; thus knowledge was created and a contribution made to the freedom of all South Africans. My drawings of South African landscapes are to be understood against this theoretical background. I use drawings to ask questions about the relationship between the visual image and the establishment of knowledge. I also refer to the relationship between the original and the copy, reality, the photo and the drawing. I conclude the following: drawings lead to the creation of knowledge and landscape depictions have implications of power. The solution to this problem lies, in the end, once more III drawings.My depictions of South African landscapes are given as an answer.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n ondersoek na die rol wat visuele beelde kan speel in die oordrag van idees. Daar word spesifiek gekyk na hoe tekeninge van die Suid-Afrikaanse landskap gelei het tot die totstandkoming van kennis oor ons land. Die Westerse verstaan van die begrip natuur in verhouding tot kultuur of beskawing word ondersoek deur kortliks te verwys na 'n paar periodes gedurende die Westerse geskiedenis. Daar word aangevoer dat Westerse denke die mens en die natuur van mekaar geskei het deur die instelling van rasionele denke. So het daar 'n geloof in menslike rede ontstaan. Dié beskouing het daartoe gelei dat die mens die natuur begin uitbuit het tot eie voordeel. Die kloof tussen mens en natuur het al hoe dieper geword in 'n strewe na tegnologiese vooruitgang. Die eerste Europese reisigers het vanuit 'n Westerse verwysingsraamwerk na Suid-Afrika gekom met die hoop op beter ekonomiese vooruitsigte. Die geïllustreerde reisverslag weerspieël die inneming en uitbuiting van die Suid-Afrikaanse landskap visueel en verbaal. Daar word aangevoer dat Europese reisigers die landskap deur middel van tekeninge, uitgevoer volgens Westerse estetiese tradisies, probeer struktureer het. Tekeninge kom skilderagtig voor, maar het radikale politiese, ekonomiese en sosiale implikasies. Koloniale tekeninge het kennis geskep en in werklikheid magsuitbreiding simbolies gelegitimeer. Westerse estetiese tradisies is tot die middel van die twintigste eeu toegepas op visuele uitbeeldings van die Suid-Afrikaanse landskap. Gedurende dié tydperk het kunstenaars die onderdrukkende, heersende politieke stelsel in werklikheid ondersteun deur totaalonkrities daarteenoor te staan. Teen die middel van die twintigste eeu het verskillende kunstenaars in opstand gekom teen die onregverdige beleid van die regerende party. Visuele beelde is gebruik om subtiele vrae te stel sowel as radikale uitsprake te lewer en het so kennis geskep en bygedra tot die bevryding van alle Suid- Afrikaners. My tekeninge van Suid-Afrikaanse landskappe moet teen dié teoretiese agtergrond gelees word. Ek gebruik teken om vrae steloor die verhouding tussen die visuele beeld en kennis wat so tot stand kom. Daar word verwys na die verhouding tussen oorspronklike en kopie, werklikheid, foto en tekening. Die gevolgtrekking is dat tekeninge kan lei tot die totstandkoming van kennis en dat uitbeeldings van landskappe magsimplikasies kan hê. Die oplossing vir hierdie probleem lê uiteindelik weer in tekeninge. My uitbeeldings van Suid-Afrikaanse landskappe word as antwoord gebied.

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26

Landman, Leanne. "Restoring Shalom in the economy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51899.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis investigates why human poverty and environmental degradation still exist to the extent that they do in a world where there appears to be sufficient scientific and social knowledge to reduce them considerably. It asserts that the reason they continue to exist on such a large scale is because their root cause - a mistaken understanding of humanity's role in creation - has not been sufficiently examined. Humanity's mistaken understanding of ourselves as the Cartesian lords of creation is addressed by introducing the Biblically-based concept of Shalom, as interpreted by theologians Ulrich Duchrow and Gerhard Liedke in their book, Shalom. Biblical Perspectives on Creation, Justice and Peace (1987). The concept stresses how our exploitative relationship towards creation results in destructive relationships with our fellow human beings and ultimately with God. The thesis argues that global capitalism's central value of accumulating wealth for its own sake has severely disrupted Shalom in society and the rest of creation. Using a second work of theologian Ulrich Duchrow, Alternatives to Global Capitalism. Drawn from Biblical History Designed for Political Action (1995), the social and environmental poverty inducing structures within the world economy are highlighted. It is asserted that in order to reduce poverty and environmental degradation within the economy, this central value of wealth accumulation for its own sake has to be replaced with one that seeks to satisfy the basic needs of all people. The thesis also discusses the inability of the South African government's macro economic strategy - the Growth, Employment and Redistribution plan (GEAR)- to create Shalom. In order for the macro-economic strategy of South Africa to address the exploitative relationships that exist within the economy, it is argued that a more critical attitude towards the values and structures of the market economy is needed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis ondersoek die vraag hoekom armoede en omgewingsaftakeling steeds bestaan in 'n wêreld waar genoegsame wetenskaplike en sosiale kennis beskikbaar is om dit aansienlik te verminder. Dit argumenteer dat die rede waarom hierdie probleme op so 'n groot skaal voortbestaan, is omdat hulle grondoorsaak - 'n verkeerde verstaan van die mens se rol in die skepping - nie voldoende ondersoek is nie. Die mensdom se misverstaan van sigself as die Cartesiaanse meesters van die skepping word aangespreek deur die ondersoek van die Bybels-gebasseerde konsep van Shalom, soos geïnterpreteer deur die teoloë Ulrich Duchrow and Gerhard Liedke in hulle boek Shalom. Biblical Perspectives on Creation, Justice and Peace (1987). Die konsep benadruk hoe ons eksploiterende verhouding tot die skepping resulteer in 'n vernietigende verhouding met ons medemens en uiteindelik, met God. Die tesis argumenteer dat globale kapitalisme, met die akkumulasie van welvaart vir sigself as sentrale waarde, Shalom ondermyn in die wêreld en die res van die skepping. Deur gebruik te maak van 'n tweede werk van die teoloog Ulrich Duchrow, Alternatives to Global Capitalism. Drawn from Biblical History Designed for Political Action (1995), word die strukture wat sosiale- en omgewings-armoede veroorsaak binne die wêreldekonomie, ondersoek. Dit word gestel dat, ten einde armoede en omgewingsvernietiging te verminder, hierdie sentrale waarde van welvaartakkumulasie vir sigself vervang moet word met een wat daarna streef om die basiese behoeftes van mense te bevredig. Die onvermoë van die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se makro-ekonomiese strategie, naamlik die Groei-, Werkskeppings- en Herverdelingsprogram (GEAR) - om Shalom te skep, word ook bespreek. Dit word geargumenteer dat, ten einde 'n situasie te bereik waar die makro-ekonomiese strategie van Suid Afrika die eksploiterende verhoudings binne die ekonomie aanspreek, 'n meer kritiese houding ten opsigte van die waardes en strukture van die vryemark ekonomie benodig word.

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Radoll, Gabriella Roesler. "A criação do Parque Natural Municipal Itaim e sua potencialidade como catalisador de transformações socioambientais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-15082014-155117/.

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O acordo entre a DERSA, a municipalidade e o Estado de São Paulo, criou quatro parques naturais no município de São Paulo, decorrente da política de compensação ambiental do licenciamento do Rodoanel Trecho Sul. Dentre esses destacamos o Parque Natural Municipal Itaim. Diante de seu contexto de implantação, a pesquisa trabalha na perspectiva de que esse novo equipamento, voltado à conservação ecológica, tem potencial para catalisar transformações socioambientais. Tais transformações podem ser alcançadas a partir da sensibilização, da interpretação ambiental e de práticas socioeducativas promovidas pelo parque. A partir do diálogo com seu entorno define-se a sua contribuição como promotor da integração social, em um possível sistema de áreas de conservação e uso público na região. Uma vez que, a par de sua importância ambiental, também analisada por essa pesquisa, o parque está inserido na periferia de São Paulo, no avanço do urbano sobre o rural. Uma região marcada pela extrema espoliação de sua população, carente de espaços de lazer, equipamentos culturais e educativos. A pesquisa parte do entendimento que o parque tem uma função social a cumprir e, para que sua implantação e gestão tenha êxito, a interação entre esse novo equipamento e a comunidade local é vista como essencial. Trabalha com análises cartográficas, dados socioeconômicos, sobreposição de cartas temáticas integrados às percepções obtidas a partir da vivência em campo, da rede e dos atores sociais mapeados, bem como do acompanhamento do processo de implantação do parque. A pesquisa resgata as propostas para o parque incitadas pelas equipes da área social do Plano de Manejo e seus estudos decorrentes, por entender que na situação atual o parque caminha para visões reducionistas ancoradas no discurso da inviabilidade orçamentária, da escassez de recursos humanos e das dificuldades institucionais verificadas. Defende-se o caráter singular e inovador do Parque Natural Municipal Itaim, onde a figura de seu gestor se destaca pela articulação e potencialização das redes de relações existentes, a partir de projetos e ações pilotos.
Four natural parks are being created in the city of Sao Paulo as result from an agrément reached by the Brazilian Road Authority (Dersa), municipal and State authorities. These parks were designed to compensate the environmental impact of the new Rodoanel Trecho Sul highway. This study analyses the impact of the \"Parque Natural Municipal Itaim\", not only from an environmental perspective, but also as a catalyst for social transformation in its neighboring communities. This park is situated in the poor suburbs of Sao Paulo, an area where rural and urban settings co-exist. The communities in the surroundings of the park are extremely poor and marginalized, lacking all sorts of service, leisure, cultural and educative activities. In this context, the park plays a fundamental role, not only from its inherent environmental benefits, but also by offering a place where the local communities can meet, enjoy and where they have access to social and educative initiatives promoted by the park. In this context, the park has also a central social role providing a jump-start in offering access to leisure and incorporating these poor communities in the city. This park should have a key social importance to them, marginalized communities that are usually neglected by local authorities, with limited access to basic public services. The study emphasizes the importance of the park in facilitating the regional environmental connectivity and as a fundamental transformation agent for the surrounding communities by analyzing demographical and socioeconomic data, cartographs and thematic charts combined with the qualitative data and interviews collected in loco. The study also made extensive use of qualitative data gathered in loco in order to understand how the park is viewed from the perspective of the individuals who live in its vicinity - how they perceive and appreciate their landscape and the educational role of the park in sensitizing and stimulating the local populations to the importance and role of the local green areas, either the ones that exist today or that will be created in the future. The singular and innovative aspects of the park are reemphasized in a moment when authorities discuss budgetary cuts, under staffing and face organizational challenges. This could potentially limit the scope of this project that is still being developed. However, there is still time and we (NEP-FAUUSP) hope there is enough commitment to deliver the full scope of the park, that would have a key role in improving the life of adjacent communities.

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Maestrutti, Marina. "Les imaginaires des nanotechnologies." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100196.

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Cette thèse analyse les imaginaires des nanotechnologies en soulignant leur enracinement culturel et leur contribution à l'intégration culturelle de ces innovations technologiques. La première partie montre l’importance des constructions narratives dans les rapports officiels publiés entre 2000 et 2006. Un récit historique aux dimensions mythiques et le récit d’exploits techniques permettant la maîtrise de l’invisible ont façonné l’identité des nanotechnologies. La deuxième partie met en relief l’importance que prend le futur dans le présent des nanotechnologies. Dans le contexte actuel où la foi dans le progrès semblait ébranlée, les nanotechnologies suscitent de grandes promesses autant que des menaces d’apocalypse qui réactivent les figures anciennes de salut et de damnation. La troisième partie se concentre sur les techno-utopies qui concernent le corps. Les transhumanistes qui prônent une utilisation transformative des technologies convergentes (nano et biotechnologies, sciences de l’information et sciences cognitives), adoptent une vision de l’humain désormais affranchi des limites naturelles et culturelles « humanistes »
This dissertation dedicated to the imaginaries accompanying nanotechnology (NST), analyzes their cultural background and their potential impact on the cultural integration of technological innovations. The first section points the significance of narrative constructions in the official reports published between 2000 and 2006. A historical account with mythical proportions and a narrative of technological tools allowing for the mastery of the invisible have both shaped the identity of nanotechnologies. The second section is concerned with the key role of the Future in the Present of nanotechnologies. In the current context where the faith in progress seems to be undermined, nanotechnologies raise great promises as well as apocalyptic threats, which rejuvenate ancient notions of salvation and damnation. The third section focuses on techno-utopias that concern the body. The transhumanists, who encourage the transformative use of converging technologies (nano- and biotechnologies, information technology and cognitive science), advocate a vision of humans emancipated from their “humanistic” natural and cultural limitations

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Revet, Sandrine. "Anthropologie d'une catastrophe : les coulées de boue de 1999 au Venezuela." Paris Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&docl̲ibrary=BVB01&docn̲umber=016778841&linen̲umber=0001&funcc̲ode=DBR̲ECORDS&servicet̲ype=MEDIA.

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Merron, James Lawrence. "Wattle we do? alien eradication and the 'ecology of fear' on the fringes of a world heritage site, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002655.

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In their article ―Naturing the Nation: Aliens, the Apocalypse and the Post Colonial State (2001) Jean and John Comaroff look at ―the contemporary predicament of South Africa through the prism of environmental catastrophe. Through it they reveal the context in which alien plants have become an urgent affair of the state. Following their lead, I show how alien plants (particularly Australian wattle) continue to provide grounds for new social and political aspirations in South Africa, though in a different setting. With reference to a group of private landowners on the fringe of a World Heritage Site -- the Baviaanskloof Mega-Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa -- I show how an increasingly apocalyptic and xenophobic environmental agenda has influenced local activists seeking to address social and ecological issues in tandem with alien-eradication. These local activists adhere to a particular brand of environmentalism which Milton (1993) argues can be considered a social, cultural and religious phenomenon. The subjects of my main empirical investigation offer practical ways of achieving a transformational end through a new ritual activity in relation to a spread and exchange of environmental ideas and practices on a world-wide scale. On the ground this group practices ecosocietal restoration through which they aspire to mend the bond between people and the land in a spiritual and moral sense, bolstering intrinsic incentives for environmental stewardship and achieving ―cultural reconciliation in an attempt to reimagine what South Africa could be.

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Le, Bouil Anne. "Vers une anthropo-bio-sociologie de la personne vieillissante en établissement médico-social." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20040.

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A la fois expérimentale et théorique, cette recherche s’attache à aborder la problématique de l’avancée en âge en combinant sociologie et clinique. Ainsi, l’établissement médico-social devient terrain d’enquête et laboratoire, pour éclairer les phénomènes relatifs aux personnes vieillissantes. Par-delà la complexité et l’hétérogénéité des vieillissements, c’est l’articulation nature/culture qui est ici interrogée au regard des processus anthropologiques. En rupture avec la dichotomie « individuel et collectif », cette thèse invite à aborder le social par la dialectique du singulier et de l’universel. Prenant appui sur une anthropologie, il s’agit de distinguer cliniquement l’incorporation qui relève du traitement gestaltique biologique ; et l’appropriation/négociation qui relève de l’analyse sociologique. Cette approche conceptuelle et clinique permet d’analyser les situations sociales en interrogeant la prise et déprise historique relative au vieillissement. Par analogie, la problématique du désir est questionnée à partir de la valorisation naturelle et de l’appréciation/autorisation qui pose axiologiquement l’engagement et le désengagement éthique. Ce mode de pensée, compris comme autant d’hypothèses vérifiables par la clinique, sert de cadre théorique pour initier une discussion épistémologique et une justification méthodologique. Cette démarche favorise l’élaboration d’une approche sociologique par le métier, au fondement de l’altérité. En posant les prémices d’une alliance professionnelle dans le secteur médico-social, cette thèse vise à revisiter les savoirs sur l’humain dans sa spécificité
Both experimental and theoretical, this research focuses on the problem of advancing age by combining sociology and clinical. Thus, the medico-social establishment becomes a field of investigation and laboratory to illuminate the phenomena relating to aging people. Beyond the complexity and heterogeneity of aging, it is the nature/culture linkage that is questioned here in terms of anthropological processes. In a break with the « individual and collective » dichotomy, this thesis invites us to approach the social through the dialectic of the singular and the universal. Based on an anthropology, it is a question of clinically distinguishing the incorporation, which concerns the biological gestaltic treatment ; and ownership/negotiation, which is sociological analysis. This conceptual and clinical approach makes it possible to analyse social situations by questioning the historical take and decline related to aging. By analogy, the problem of desire is questioned starting from the natural valuation and the appreciation/authorization which axiologically pose the commitment and ethical disengagement. This way of thinking, understood as clinicaly verifiable hypothesis serves as theoretical framework for initiating an epistemological discussion and a methodological justification. This approach favors the developpment of a sociological approach by the profession, at the foundation of otherness. By posing the beginnings of professional alliance in the medico-social sector, this thesis aims to revisit knowledge about the human in its specificity

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Tang, Shiu-wai, and 鄧紹偉. "Reproduction has never been natural: the social construction of reproduction in the age of new reproductivetechnologies." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31225202.

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Serje, Margarita. "L'envers de la nation : la nature et la nature des choses dans les territoires sauvages et no man's lands en Colombie." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0146.

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Des armées privées de guérilleros et de groupes para-militaires disputent à l'Etat colombien le contrôle sur les no man's lands qui ont échappé aux contrôles colonial et républicain. La violence constitutive de ces régions et la difficulté qu'elles ont à s'articuler à la nation, ne sont pas une réponse aux caractéristiques sociales de la population ni à l'absence de symboles, de mythes ou d'institutions. Elles répondent plutôt à la forme particulière qu'ont prise ces derniers, ainsi qu'à l'imaginaire géopolitique qui sous-tend les projets d'intégration nationale; à la façon dont le territoire national et ses habitants ont été catégorisés et aux moyens utilisés pour se les approprier. Cet imaginaire, qui oppose la nation andine et urbaine à la non-nation des sauvages des basses-terres, est une façon de contextualiser la relation de l'Etat avec les groupes qui constituent son "Autre".

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Westfahl, Backlund Martina. "Implementation of the European network: Natura 2000 : Determined according to overarching EU directives or through compromising ecological aspects?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1794.

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Global biodiversity is currently being lost at an unprecedented rate, posing a threat to vital ecosystems and hence the generation of ecosystem services that human society is entirely reliant upon. Within the European Community, the EU has set a target of halting biodiversity loss within the territory by 2010. This goal is intended to be operationalized by the implementation of the Habitats Directive and the Birds Directive. These directives constitute the framework for the establishment of a coherent ecological network, referred to as the Natura 2000 network.

This study examines and analyses the socio-ecological complexities surrounding the designation of Natura 2000 sites in Östhammar municipality, Sweden. The use of a case study-approach to focus on this area is applied in pursuit of identifying and explaining the inherent intricacies in the designation processes and linking them to the broader global context. Throughout Europe, biodiversity exists in a rich variety of grasslands, but only a few studies have been performed to establish appropriate conservation management strategiesrequired for each habitat. This study makes a significant contribution towards shedding light on the Natura 2000 designation process, a phenomenon which has previously been only modestly documented, especially in Sweden. Ecosystem management is discussed and utilized as the theoretical basis for managing ecosystems sustainably, and an important aspect of note is the recognition that the distinction between man and nature needs to be understood as artificial and arbitrary.

The study explains how social-ecological factors have had a prominent effect on the designation process of Natura 2000 sites. The main determining factor behind the designation process has been the time-constraints, which have affected the designation of SCIs as well as the interaction between the Uppsala CAD and local stakeholders. The lack of adequate participatory approaches used during this process has heightened the risk of compromising the aim of the network: to achieve Favourable Conservation Status (FCS) for natural habitat types as well as species.

Biodiversiteten världen över minskar i en tidigare aldrig skådad hastighet vilket resulterar i ett hot mot fundamentala ekosystem, samt dess produktion av de ekosystemtjänster som det mänskliga samhället är beroende av. På grund av detta har EU satt upp målet att stoppa förlusten av biodiversitet inom unionens gränser tills 2010. Detta mål skall uppnås genom implementeringen av Habitat- och Fågeldirektivet. Dessa direktiv utgör ramen för etableringen av ett sammanhängande ekologiskt nätverk, det så kallade Natura 2000 nätverket.

Denna studie utreder samt analyserar de socio-ekologiska aspekter som omger utpekandet av Natura 2000 områden i Östhammars kommun, i Uppsala län i Sverige. Genom appliceringen av en fallstudie av området söker denna uppsats att identifiera samt förklara inneboende svårigheter i processen av dessa utpekanden, samt att sätta dem i ett globalt sammanhang. Inom Europa existerar biodiversitet bland annat i olika typer av ängar, dock har endast ett fåtal studier tagit sig an uppgiften att formulera anpassade förvaltningsstrategier för dessa habitat. Denna studie bidrar till att sprida ljus över implementeringen av Natura 2000, ett fenomen som tidigare endast studerats i blygsam utsträckning, speciellt i Sverige. Den teoretiska grunden utgörs ekosystemansatsen, som appliceras för att utvärdera ett uthålligtförvaltande av ekosystem. Vidare understryks vikten av att betrakta ekosystem och mänsklig aktivitet som ett och samma system, och att synen på dem som skilda system bör anses artificiell och motsägelsefull.

Denna uppsats förklarar hur socio-ekologiska aspekter har påverkat utpekandeprocessen av Natura 2000-områden i Östhammars kommun. De avgörande faktorerna bakom detta är en identifierad tidsbrist, vilket har influerat utpekandet av områden av gemenskapsintresse samt interaktionen mellan Länsstyrelsen i Uppsala och lokala markägare. Bristen på samverkan och information har resulterat i en förhöjd risk av att målet med nätverket inte kommer att nås: att åstadkomma gynnsam bevarandestatus för arter och habitat.

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Gagné, Emmanuelle. "La nature anthropomorphisée en publicité sociale pour encourager un comportement pro-environnemental : le rôle du souci empathique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28285.

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Dans le but ultime d’encourager le comportement pro-environnemental, les campagnes d’information, plus particulièrement les publicités sociales pro-environnementales, ont souvent recours à l’anthropomorphisme – l’attribution de caractéristiques humaines à des entités non humaines, comme des composantes de la nature. Des études révèlent que l’anthropomorphisme encourage le comportement pro-social et pro-environnemental par l’intermédiaire de différents mécanismes, dont le souci empathique pour l’entité. À notre connaissance, cette relation n’a pas été montrée empiriquement dans le contexte de la publicité sociale; l'anthropomorphisme ayant été rarement étudié dans ce champ des causes sociales. Une expérimentation sur le terrain a permis d’examiner, d’une part, l’efficacité de publicités sociales avec anthropomorphisme sur le comportement pro-environnemental, et, d’autre part, le rôle médiateur du souci empathique dans la relation entre l’anthropomorphisme dans ces publicités et le comportement pro-environnemental. Cette expérimentation a été menée dans des salles de toilettes publiques d’un centre commercial et a inclus trois conditions : une condition témoin sans publicités et deux conditions expérimentales avec des publicités promouvant l’usage du séchoir plutôt que du papier à mains soit avec un arbre anthropomorphisé à l’expression humaine souffrante, soit sans anthropomorphisme. Dans les trois conditions, le comportement effectif – les moyennes estimées de feuilles de papier à mains consommées par visiteur des salles – a été mesuré. Notre étude compte parmi les rares où un comportement effectif a été directement mesuré dans le contexte de la publicité sociale dont le but suprême est l’actualisation de comportements plus responsables. Pour tester le rôle médiateur du souci empathique, un sous-échantillon de visiteurs des salles de toilettes a rempli un questionnaire, lequel a été administré dans les deux conditions expérimentales et a mesuré l’exposition aux publicités, le souci empathique, ainsi que le comportement auto-rapporté – l’usage du séchoir vs du papier à mains. Les résultats ont indiqué que la présence des publicités sociales a significativement fait diminuer la consommation moyenne de feuilles par visiteur, en comparaison à l’absence des publicités dans la condition témoin. L’anthropomorphisme dans les publicités n’a cependant pas augmenté leur efficacité globale. Or, les résultats du questionnaire ont révélé que l’anthropomorphisme a été efficace pour encourager un comportement pro-environnemental chez les individus de moins de 50 ans, mais pas chez ceux de 50 ans ou plus. Le souci empathique n’a pas expliqué, toutefois, l’efficacité de l’anthropomorphisme chez les individus de moins de 50 ans. Notre étude suggère que les publicités sociales encourageant un comportement pro-environnemental peuvent être efficaces et devraient exploiter l’anthropomorphisme, une stratégie peu coûteuse, dans des lieux comparables visités par les plus jeunes.
To ultimately encourage pro-environmental behavior, information campaigns, more particularly social cause advertisements about the environment, often employ anthropomorphism – the application of human characteristics to nonhuman entities, such as natural entities. Anthropomorphism is believed to encourage pro-social and pro-environmental behaviors through various mechanisms, such as eliciting empathic concern for the entity. To our knowledge, empirical evidence on this relationship has been lacking in social cause advertising context, since anthropomorphism has rarely been studied in that field of social causes. A field experiment was used to examine, on the one hand, the effectiveness of social cause advertisements using anthropomorphism on pro-environmental behavior and, on the other hand, the mediating role of empathic concern between anthropomorphism in these ads and pro-environmental behavior. The field experiment was conducted in public restrooms of a shopping mall and included three conditions: a no-advertisement control condition and two advertisement treatment conditions in which the use of a hand-dryer was promoted over the use of paper hand towels either with a suffering, anthropomorphized tree or with no anthropomorphism. In the three conditions, the actual behavior – the estimated average use of paper hand towels per user – was measured. Our study is one of the few where actual behavior was directly measured in the context of social cause advertising, whose ultimate goal is to influence more responsible actual behaviors. To test the mediating role of empathic concern, a subset of restroom users completed a questionnaire, which was administered under both treatment conditions, and assessed exposure to the advertisements, empathic concern, and self-reported behavior – the hand-dryer vs. paper hand towel use. Results indicated that the presence of the social cause advertisements significantly decreased the average use of paper hand towels per user relative to the no-advertisement control condition. Anthropomorphism in the ads, however, did not increase their overall effectiveness. Questionnaire results revealed that anthropomorphism was effective in encouraging pro-environmental behavior with people younger than 50, but not with those over 50. Empathic concern did not, nonetheless, explain the effectiveness of anthropomorphism on people younger than 50. Our study suggests that social cause advertisements encouraging a pro-environmental behavior can be effective, and should employ anthropomorphism, a low-cost strategy, in comparable venues frequented by younger people.

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Lafont, Lucile. "Modalités sociales d'acquisition d'habiletés motrices complexes : rôles de la démonstration explicitée et d'autres procédures de guidage selon la nature des habiletés." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H026.

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Le but de cette recherche est de contribuer à élucider les mécanismes psychologiques mis en jeu dans l'acquisition des habiletés motrices. Au plan théorique il s'agit de situer l'apprentissage "observationnel" parmi les différentes modalités sociales de développement et ou d'acquisition. La place de cette relation est alors envisagée en relation avec les différents types d'habiletés motrices et les messages pédagogiques privilegiés actuellement. Cette analyse montre, enfin, en quoi les théories de l'apprentissage moteur et de l'apprentissage social interagissent et se complètent en fonction de la nature des habiletés. Au plan expérimental on montre que la démonstration explicitée est plus efficace que la démonstration silencieuse et que l'organisation du champ dans le cas de séquences chorégraphiques. Dans le cas d'une tâche a double but si la nature des habiletés doit être prise en compte, des questions émergent quant aux caractéristiques des apprenants. Enfin, une enquête par questionnaire auprès de futurs enseignants en E. P. S. Vise à cerner et expliquer les jugements à l'égard de dix procédures d'enseignement, dont la démonstration explicitée, pour six tâches de nature différente
The purpose of this research is to investigate psychological processes involved in motor skills acquisition. First, observational learning is situated within the framework of social interactions. Then different taxonomies of motor skills and different ways of teaching are examinated. Last the research analyses the interactions and the complementarity between motor learning theories and social learning theories. Two experiments test the effectivness of observational learning as a function of the nature of cues and the nature of motor skills. A verbal model is more effective than a silent one and than visual cues in the environment for the acquisition of a choreographic sequence. For a dual-goal task (form and outcome), if we take into account the nature of the skill, learner caracteristics are important as well. Last, an investigation ins conducted with two samples of student in physical education. Ten guidance procedures are to be juged for six different tasks. The purpose is to examine representations changes in relation with grade, sport pratice and other variables

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Rouadjia, Anna. "La place de la "nature" dans la gestion et les usages des villes en Méditerranée : héritages, ruptures et perspectives : une comparaison Alger-Marseille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0056.

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Cette thèse analyse les représentations, les normes et les pratiques relatives à la nature urbanisée dans deux agglomérations, situées de part et d'autre de la Méditerranée, où ces écarts sont particulièrement saillants. La comparaison permet d'opérer un parallèle entre deux projets urbains, visant à faire de Marseille une ''ville-nature'' et d'Alger une ''ville-jardin''. Entre Alger et Marseille, se pose la question des héritages et des ruptures historiques, mais aussi celle des impératifs liés aux politiques internationales, qui s'imposent sans pour autant infléchir les dynamiques de consommation foncière, d'inégalités socio-territoriales ou de fragilisation des écosystèmes locaux. En partant des travaux issus de la sociologie de l'environnement, de l'urbain et du politique, et en s'appuyant sur un corpus réunissant des données qualitatives, cette recherche explore les dimensions symboliques, sociales et politiques de la « nature » urbanisée. L'étude comparée des modalités de gestion et de planification des espaces verts publics, puis des mobilisations sociales au sujet de l'environnement, et enfin celle des pratiques et des représentations culturelles du végétal, permet d'expliquer les motifs de la marginalisation de la question écologique dans ces contextes socio-politiques. La comparaison montre que la notion de « nature » renvoie à des acceptations culturellement différenciées, qui en contexte méditerranéen, ne sauraient être réduites à un déterminisme anthropocentrique
This thesis examines the representations, norms and practices pertaining to nature in an urban context in two large cities situated on either side of the Mediterranean, and where such discrepancies are particularly salient. The comparative approach allows for a parallel to be established between two urban projects, one seeking to make Marseille into a “nature city” and the other Algiers into a “garden city”. Between Algiers and Marseille, we need to take into account historical legacies and transitions, but also the requirements linked to international policies that actors have to observe without, however, such requirements altering the dynamics of land consumption, socio-spatial inequalities or the weakening of local ecosystems. Based on work stemming from the sociology of the environment, urban sociology and political sociology, and bringing together a corpus of qualitative data, this research examines the symbolic, social and political aspects of “nature” in its urban context. The comparative study of the ways in which public green spaces are managed and planned, of social campaigning relating to the environment, and of public park practices and cultural representations of plants can explain the reasons for the marginalisation of the ecological question in these socio-political contexts. It also shows that the notion of “nature” relates to culturally-specific understandings which, in the Mediterranean context, cannot be limited to anthropocentric determinism

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Piquette, Elodie. "Le Rhin : "projet" local ? : les modalités d'appropriation sociale d'un espace fluvial complexe." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG007.

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Le propos de ce travail de thèse est de déterminer les conditions sociales qui favorisent la mise en relation ou non de deux configurations socio-naturelles présentes sur le tronçon canalisé du Rhin : d’un côté l’espace fluvial, territoire d’usages spécialisés et de décisions déterritorialisées ; et de l’autre côté le territoire riverain, espace politique local transfrontalier construit à la marge de l’espace fluvial rhénan. La mise en projet du fleuve est appréhendée à partir de l'appropriation sociale, processus d’actualisation des différentes idéologies caractérisant les rapports sociaux sur le territoire riverain et l’espace fluvial. Ce choix théorique nous amène ainsi à nous intéresser à la portée politique du fleuve : dans quelle mesure et sous quelles conditions le fleuve peut-il redéfinir les rapports sociaux ? Les territoires riverains peuvent-ils jouer un rôle dans la gouvernance rhénane largement déterritorialisée ? Les dispositifs de gestion de la nature et les acteurs de l’environnement offrent-ils une opportunité pour ce changement social ? La thèse examine l’ensemble de ces questions en croisant les problématiques contemporaines des territoires communaux et intercommunaux et expériences vécues des habitants, aux pratiques de gestion de la nature
The aim of this work is to determine social conditions which help to link two separated socio-natural configurations on the canalized Rhine section : on one hand the river space, territory caracterized by specialized uses and global decisions ; on the other hand, the riverside territory, local and cross-border political space built among the river space. In order to understand the opening of Rhine planning process to local territories, the social appropriation will be analyzed as the actualization of various ideologies caracterizing social relations on the riverside territory and the Rhine space. This theoretical choice leads us to question about the political aspect of the Rhine river : how does it help to redefine social relations ? In which conditions ? Do the riverside territories have a function in the Rhine river governance mostly globalized ? Do the plans of management of nature take a part in the social change ?The thesis examine the whole of these questions in linking to contemporary territorial problematics social experiences of ordinary inhabitants, and pratical of management of nature

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Wong, Suet Yee Catherine. "Language attitude of Hong Kong native Cantonese speakers towards mainland-dialect-accented Cantonese." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/399.

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Conrado, Vinícius Nascimento. "Estudo de caso sobre as relações de uma empresa florestal brasileira com a comunidade: diagnóstico e proposta de aperfeiçoamento do processo." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6952.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O segmento florestal do Brasil vem experimentando inúmeros avanços tecnológicos, que têm lhe permitido alcançar recordes de produtividade e atender o mercado nacional e uma expressiva parcela do internacional. Sendo assim, na administração dos seus ativos, projetos e planos a executar, necessita considerar os princípios de Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE) para bem se relacionar com as comunidades do entorno de seus empreendimentos, assim como com funcionários, acionistas, fornecedores, clientes, representantes de órgãos públicos e de entidades não governamentais, entre outros. Ou seja, todos aqueles capazes de interferirem na imagem e na capacidade produtiva da empresa. Diante desta situação, este estudo teve por objetivo geral diagnosticar e interpretar as ações realizadas no campo socioambiental de uma destacada empresa florestal brasileira, qual seja, a Celulose Nipo- Brasileira S/A (CENIBRA), por meio do seu Instituto, e de forma complementar propor aperfeiçoamentos do processo. Como estudo de caso, concentrou-se na análise de relatórios de instituições públicas e privadas e em material acadêmico, na forma de teses e artigos científicos. Também teve foco nos relatórios anuais de sustentabilidade da CENIBRA; nas informações divulgadas e fornecidas pelo site do Instituto CENIBRA; em dados sobre o Índice Mineiro de Responsabilidade Social (IMRS), fornecido pela Fundação João Pinheiro (FJP); e em dados sobre o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM), idealizado pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). O estudo abrangeu a área de atuação da CENIBRA, região na qual o instituto que leva o seu nome desenvolve as ações de RSE. Esta área compreende 54 municípios mineiros, distribuídos nas mesorregiões do Vale do Rio Doce, Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e Zona da Mata, além de Carmésia. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o Instituto CENIBRA desenvolve ações da maior importância para as comunidades atendidas, haja vista que os indicadores sociais da região são normalmente baixos. Em sintonia com esta situação, detectou-se concentração de ações no trinômio emprego e renda, cultura e meio ambiente. Além das ações promovidas diretamente pela empresa ou pelo instituto no campo socioambiental, ela executou, em 2013, o investimento de R$ 595 mil em infraestrutura, como melhoria de estradas e construções de pontes, que podem ser utilizadas pela população em geral, bem como direcionou 13,08% da receita líquida em projetos sociais e 0,54% em projetos relacionados com meio ambiente. Nestes termos, destacaram-se duas conclusões: a empresa não faz autopromoção por meio de suas ações ou de seu Instituto, pois o foco é o público alvo, ou seja, os seus stakeholders (atores sociais); e o aprimoramento da relação da empresa com as comunidades surge como efeito secundário, uma vez que as pessoas atendidas passam naturalmente a reconhecê-la como sua legítima parceira. Bem assim, como proposta de aperfeiçoamento do processo, a necessidade de expandir as ações para as outras áreas, haja vista a concentração de esforços na mesorregião do Vale do Rio do Doce. Por fim, como recomendação geral, na medida em que se reconhece que a CENIBRA e o Instituto CENIBRA se constituem num modelo a seguir, que outras empresas do segmento florestal brasileiro incorporem esta filosofia de trabalho em sua rotina e no relacionamento com as comunidades inseridas em seu raio de influência.
The forest segment of Brazil is experiencing numerous technological advances, which have allowed to achieve productivity records and to meet the domestic market and a large portion of the international one. Therefore, in the administration of their assets, projects, and plans to run, it needs to consider the principles of Corporate Social responsibility (RSE) to relate to the surrounding communities of their ventures, as well as with employees, shareholders, suppliers, customers, representatives of government agencies and non-governmental entities, among others. Namely, all those able to interfere in the image and in the productive capacity of the company. In the face of this situation, this paper had as general objective to diagnose and interpret the actions taken in the socio- environmental field of a prominent Brazilian forestry company, which is Celulose Nipo-Brasileira S/A (CENIBRA), through its office, and in a complementary manner to propose improvements in the process. As a case study, this paper has focused on the analysis of reports from public and private institutions and academic stuff, in the form of theses and scientific articles. It also had a focus on sustainability annual reports by CENIBRA; on the information disclosed and provided by the CENIBRA Institute website; on the Minas Gerais Social Responsibility Index (IMRS), provided by João Pinheiro Foundation (FJP); and data on the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM), designed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). The study covered the area of activity of CENIBRA, region in which the Institute that bears its name develops RSE actions. This area comprises 54 municipalities in the State of Minas Gerais, distributed in the meso-regions of the Vale do Rio Doce, metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte and Zona da Mata, besides Carmésia. The results obtained show that the CENIBRA Institute develops actions of greatest importance to the communities served, given that the social indicators in the region are usually low. In tune with this situation, actions concentration were detected in the trinomial employment and income, culture and environment. In addition to the actions promoted directly by the company or by the Institute in the socioenvironmental field, it ran in 2013 the investment of R$595 million in infrastructure, such as improving roads and construction of bridges, constructs that can be used by the general population, as well as targeted 13.08% of net revenues in social projects and 0.54% in environment-related projects. In these terms, two findings stood out: the company does not make self-promotion through its actions or its Institute, because the focus is the target audience, its stakeholders; and the enhancement of the company's relationship with communities emerged as secondary effect, since people tended to pass naturally to recognize it as its lawfully wedded partner. Therefore, as a proposal for improvement of the process, the need to expand the actions for the other areas, given the concentration of efforts on the meso-regions of the Vale does Rio Doce. Finally, as a general recommendation, as it is recognized that CENIBRA and CENIBRA Institute constitute a role model that other companies in the Brazilian forestry segment incorporate this philosophy of work into your routine and relationship with the inserted communities its radius of influence.

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Marie-Vivien, Delphine. "Le droit des Indications Géographiques en Inde, un pays de l'Ancien monde face aux droits français, communautaire et international." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587307.

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Depuis la signature de l'Accord sur les aspects de droit de propriété intellectuelle touchant au commerce (ADPIC), les membres de l'OMC doivent prévoir les moyens juridiques de protection des indications géographiques définies comme des indications identifiant un produit dont une qualité, réputation ou autre caractéristique déterminée peut être attribuée essentiellement à son origine géographique. Ainsi l'Inde, pays émergent à l'histoire ancienne, doté de nombreux produits d'origine, a mis en place un cadre juridique sui generis pour la protection des indications géographiques qui éclaire d'un jour nouveau le concept de lien entre un produit et son origine formalisé en France au début du 20ème siècle avec l'appellation d'origine puis étendu au niveau européen en 1992. La thèse montre premièrement comment l'Inde, pays de l'Ancien monde comme la France, utilise activement le droit des indications géographiques pour protéger les produits de l'artisanat et les variétés anciennes, reflets de son identité culturelle, en réponse aux menaces de la mondialisation. L'expérience indienne questionne le droit français et européen quant à la prise en compte des savoir-faire traditionnels en l'absence de facteurs naturels pour justifier l'ancrage au lieu, tout en confirmant l'intérêt des indications géographiques pour protéger la diversité des variétés végétales. Deuxièmement, le rôle omniprésent de l'Etat en Inde dans la protection des indications géographiques contraste avec le retrait de l'intervention des pouvoirs publics en France lié au contexte de libéralisation économique. L'intervention du gouvernement indien qui aboutit à l'enregistrement d'indications géographiques au nom de l'Etat se justifie par la défense des producteurs défavorisés, et la nécessité de préserver les produits de l'identité indienne. Le modèle indien de dualité des sujets de droit entre le propriétaire des indications géographiques, qui s'avère être directement ou indirectement l'Etat, et les utilisateurs des indications géographiques qui doivent être enregistrés auprès de l'Office compétent interroge la nature juridique de l'indication géographique, que ce soit son caractère collectif ou sa dimension de droit public. Nous défendons l'idée que l'indication géographique doit être qualifiée de droit d'usage, le principe de propriété devant être rejeté.

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Herrera, José Antonio 1979. "Desenvolvimento capitalista e realidade da produção agropecuária familiar na Amazônia Paraense." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286138.

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Orientador: Pedro Ramos
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O atrelamento do Brasil aos países desenvolvidos fez com que suas atividades econômicas fossem mais influenciadas por demandas externas do que pelas necessidades internas. Tal fato contribuiu para participações regionais desiguais. Nesse contexto a Amazônia é integrada à economia nacional de modo que o capital se aproveita das assimetrias das trocas não leais e desiguais para se expandir no território. Esse fenômeno se fez alterando as relações sociais e os meios de produção, estabelecendo mecanismos de geração de lucros facilitados na utilização dos recursos naturais. A exploração dos recursos passam ser mais intensa, degradando o meio ambiente e agravando os problemas sociais. A imposição do capital nas relações estabelecidas apesar de transformar a produção agropecuária familiar, não a eliminou, e essa apresenta distintas formas de produção e diferentes relações sociais. Partindo dessa premissa, buscou-se estudar a integração da Amazônia à economia nacional como resultado da expansão do desenvolvimento capitalista brasileiro, compreendendo como ocorre a interferência do capital no espaço agrário amazônico, principalmente na unidade de diversidade que constitui a produção agropecuária familiar no Sudoeste Paraense. O estudo foi realizado em três municípios que apresentavam diferentes formas de ocupação: Pacajá, área de Colonização Antiga; Anapu, área de PDS - Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável; e Senador José Porfírio, a área de Projeto de Assentamento Convencional do INCRA - Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária. Com base na teoria marxista, fez-se o estudo da integração da região à economia nacional, da estruturação do espaço agrário amazônico e principalmente como ocorreu a interferência do capital na realidade vivenciada por cento e cinquenta (150) famílias durante o ciclo agropecuário 2007-2008. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram utilizados parâmetros qualitativos (interpretação da realidade) e quantitativos (análise estatística) para compreender as determinações da atividade produtiva e o desempenho econômico. O fulcro do estudo está em entender como o desenvolvimento capitalista se aproveita das adversidades para se apropriar dos meios de produção no espaço agrário amazônico, compreendendo as diferentes formas de produção que os produtores agropecuários familiares estabelecem para permanecerem em meio às interferências do capital
Abstract: The linkage to the developed economies of Brazil made their economic activities were more influenced by external demands than by internal needs, this fact has contributed to unequal regional participation. In this context the Amazon is integrated into the national economy so that capital takes advantage of the asymmetries of unequal and not loyal exchanges to expand in the territory. This phenomenon was made changing social relations and the means of production, establishing mechanisms for generating easily gains using the natural resources. The exploitation of resources increase, degrading the environment and worsening social problems. Despite the imposition of capital in established relationships have transformed the family farm production, not eliminated it, and this presents different forms of production and different social relations. From this premise, we sought to study the integration of the Amazon to the national economy as a result of the expansion of capitalist development in Brazil, realizing as it does the interference of the capital in an Amazonian agrarian landscape, especially in the unity of diversity that constitutes the family agricultural production in Southwest of the state of Pará. The study was conducted in three counties, with different forms of occupation: Pacajá, Old Colony area; Anapu area PSD - Project for Sustainable Development, and Senador José Porfírio, the area of Conventional Settlement Project NICAR - National Institute of colonization and Agrarian Reform. Based on Marxist theory, it was studded the integration of the region to the national economy, the structure of Amazonian agrarian space and, especially, as was the interference of the capital actually experienced by one hundred fifty (150) households during the 2007-2008 agricultural cycle. In the methodological procedures were used qualitative (interpretation of reality) and quantitative parameters (statistical analysis) to understand the determination of productive activity and economic performance. The focus of the study is to understand how capitalist development takes advantage of adversity to take ownership of the means of agricultural production in the Amazon area, including the different forms of production that provide family farmers to remain amid the interferences of the capital
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento Economico, Espaço e Meio Ambiente
Doutor em Desenvolvimento Economico

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Marino, Mariana Cristina Pinto. "Fugere urbem et locus amoenus quaerere: uma análise ecocrítica de Marcovaldo ou As estações na cidade, de Italo Calvino." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3127.

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A presente pesquisa propôs a análise de todos os vinte contos que compõem a obra Marcovaldo ou As estações na cidade (2015 [1963]), de Italo Calvino. O foco das análises voltou-se para o protagonista, Marcovaldo, um trabalhador pobre e em permanente estado de desconforto com as mudanças ocorridas no contexto social pós-guerra, especialmente na Itália, no período de seu milagre econômico, que foi impulsionado pelo fim de medidas protecionistas na economia (GINSBORG, 2003). Ao tentar romper com esse cenário, buscando a beleza genuína da natureza, Marcovaldo vê-se experienciando situações que sempre o levam ao descontentamento, intrinsecamente ligado a um novo tipo de relação humana e social, construída a partir não somente da consolidação das sociedades capitalistas modernas, como igualmente da imposição de um padrão único de comportamento à sociedade — a mutação antropológica, como proposto por Pier Paolo Pasolini (1978, 1997). A pesquisa debruçou-se sobre o olhar Ecocrítico (GARRARD, 2006), despertado pela obra em questão, que sugere, a partir da Literatura (e da incorporação de outras áreas como a Sociologia, a Biologia, a Antropologia), o estudo da natureza, suas relações com a mulher e o homem e o refinamento da percepção acerca de questões ecológicas frágeis, captadas com mais afinco a partir da década de 1960 (PIGA; MANSANO, 2015), apesar de as mudanças de perspectiva sobre a sensibilidade em relação à natureza estarem em constante modificação principalmente desde o Iluminismo (THOMAS, 2010 [1983]). A esta pesquisa foram igualmente incorporados pressupostos da Ecosofia (GUATTARI, 2006 [1989]), que sugere um ressignificar de procedimentos e discursos hegemônicos advindos do sistema sócio-político-econômico capitalista. Para tanto, fez-se necessário, conjuntamente, compreender problemáticas concernentes à conjuntura ambiental do século XX e seu impacto sobre as classes menos favorecidas economicamente (BOFF, 1995), assim como assimilar os desdobramentos referentes ao ecologismo dos pobres (via econômica baseada na justiça social), preconizado por Joan Martínez Alier (2014 [2007]), tendo em vista a classe social à qual Marcovaldo pertence. Alicerçada nos princípios descritos, a esta pesquisa coube, portanto, analisar as interações de Marcovaldo e sua família com a natureza e suas possibilidades, suas modificações e incorporação a um efervescente mercado consumidor, com vistas a refletir sobre a crise ecológica (das três ecologias, conforme Guattari) e assinalar hipóteses de superação para a mesma, por meio da apologia de um convívio menos predatório do ser humano relativamente aos outros seres que ao seu lado coabitam na Terra.
The present research proposed the analysis of all twenty short stories that compose the book Marcovaldo or the seasons in the city (2015 [1963]), by Italo Calvino. The analyses focused on the protagonist, Marcovaldo, an impoverished proletarian that finds himself in a continuous state of discomfort with the changes that occurred in the post-war social context, especially in Italy during the period of the economic miracle, which was driven by the end of protectionist measures in the economy (GINSBORG, 2003). In trying to break away from this scenario, seeking the genuine beauty of nature, Marcovaldo ends up experiencing situations that always lead him to a discontent that is inextricably linked to a new kind of human and social relationship, built not only on the consolidation of modern capitalist societies, but also on the imposition of a single standard of behavior on society – an anthropological mutation, as proposed by Pier Paolo Pasolini (1978, 1997). The research focused on the Ecocritical approach (GARRARD, 2006), awakened by the object, which suggests the study (incorporating references from areas such as Sociology, Biology and Anthropology to Literary Theory) of nature, its relationship with women and men, and the refining of perceptions about delicate ecological issues, captured more intensively since the 1960s (PIGA, MANSANO, 2015), although the changes in perspective on sensitivity to nature are constantly shifting, mainly since the Enlightenment (THOMAS, 2010 [1983]). This research also integrated the assumptions of Ecosophy (GUATTARI, 2006 [1989]), which suggests a re-signifying of hegemonic procedures and discourses derived from the capitalist socio-political-economic system. In order to do so, it was necessary, jointly, to understand issues related to the environmental context of the twentieth century and its impact on economically disadvantaged classes (BOFF, 1995), as well as to assimilate the consequences related to the environmentalism of the poor, advocated by Joan Martínez Alier (2014 [2007]), in view of the social class to which Marcovaldo belongs. Based on the principles described, this research therefore had to analyze the interactions of Marcovaldo and his family with nature and its possibilities, its modifications and assimilation into an effervescent consumer market, aiming to reflect on the ecological crisis (of the three ecologies, according to Guattari) and point out hypotheses of overcoming it, by means of the apology of a less predatory human conviviality in relation to the other beings that, with them, live on planet Earth.

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Rigas-Panagiotacopoulos, Anastasia-Valentine. "L'enfant naturel en Grèce : une proposition méthodologique de la recherche psycho-sociale : le modèle d'identité Ego-Ecologique en psychologie sociale-clinique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30015.

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Cette étude est un essai de développer la méthode ego-écologique, dans le champs de la psychologie sociale-clinique. Nous-nous référons à une analyse de contenu qualitative. Notre approche s’ancre au point de rencontre des approches postpositivistes et socio-cognitives avec les théories des Symboles de Jung et des images de Desoille. Il n’est point de lieu plus propice que pour cette rencontre que le champ de la biographie du sujet, parce que le matériaux biographique jette un point entre l’imagination et l’intellect, l’individuel et le social le discours et l’action, à travers d’une part les symboles des mots-images et d’autre part l’interaction symbolique entre chercheur et sujet de la recherche, dont elle est le produit. Notre objectif est de montrer pourquoi et comment cette partialité des techniques analytiques peut être surmontée en replaçant la fonction symboliste dans la méthode ego-écologique à travers le protocole de recherche d’une adolescente née hors mariage. Ce travail se structure en quatre parties et en plus les annexes. La première partie est consacrée des trois directions théoriques : l’ego-écologie, les théories des symboles/images et l’approche biographique. En deuxième partie nous étudions trois groupes par l’ego-écologie et la méthode biographique : la mère célibataire, la famille d’accueil et les enfants naturels. La troisième partie est consacrée aux conclusions générales et la quatrième partie présente la bibliographie. La méthode d’analyse de contenu du matériaux biographique fonctionnait chez les sujets, comme une catharsis émotionnelle, en créant des conditions plus favorables leur permettant de faire face à leurs problèmes psychosociaux
This study its an essay to develop the ego-ecology identity method, an content analysis on the field of Social-Clinical Psychology. Our investigation treats the issues of post-positivist and socio-cognitive approaches under a point of view of the theories of Ego-ecology. Jung symbols and Desoille’s images. The field of biography approach is a convenient moment to joint with, because the biographical material bridges over imagination and intelligence, individual and social, discourse and action, though on the one hand of the symbolism between words/images and on the other hand of the symbolic interaction between investigator/individual, that is the product. Our objective will be why and how this partial analytical techniques could be surmount replaced the symbolic function of the ego-ecology method, through the protocol of an illegitimate adolescent.. The structure of this work has been divided into four parts and the annexes. On the first part is consecrated to the three central theoretical directions: the ego-ecology, the theories of symbols/images and the biographical one. On the second part we search three social groups adopted on three conditions through the methods of ego-ecology and biography: the unmarried mother, the foster family and the illegitimate children living in an institution. On the third part we present the general conclusions and on the fourth part are presented the references. The proposed content analysis technique through the critical view of the subjects themselves, provides the respondents through their biography life course in a therapeutic way towards self-observation and self-analysis

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Björkman, Barbro. "Ethical aspects of owning human biological material." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Philosophy and History of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-610.

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Duclos, Denis. "Le risque industriel : de l'identité institutionnelle au sujet civil : les acteurs sociaux face aux impacts des activités techniques et industrielles sur l'environnement naturel et humain." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0014.

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L'auteur étudie d'un point de vue sociologique comment les différents acteurs sociaux réagissent par rapport aux dangers présentés par l'industrie, en s'appuyant sur des exemples pris dans les sociétés développées, et particulièrement aux Etats-Unis et en France. Que l'on prenne les experts du danger (savants, ingénieurs, économistes du risque), les acteurs politiques et administratifs, les industriels, les mouvements syndical et écologiste, il apparait un "biais social" plus ou moins généralisé, selon lequel on tend à minimiser le risque que l'on représente soi-même pour les autres, et à dramatiser celui qui vient de l'extérieur. Plus globalement, il semble que chaque acteur social tende à ne percevoir le danger qu'à l'intérieur d'un modèle de construction de la réalité, elle-même dépendante d'une "dramaturgie" qui donne sens au monde pour les membres de l'institution. L'auteur soutient cette hypothèse en utilisant les résultats d'enquêtes empiriques (sur la perception des risques dans l'industrie chimique, en France et aux Etats-Unis) montrant que c'est de l'interaction entre individu et institution que surgit la nécessité de symboliser le risque. L'une des conséquences importantes de ce fait est que l'institution, dans la mesure ou elle tend à devenir un univers de références de plus en plus clos, peut permettre l'existence de systèmes symboliques éloignés de la réalité, et, par conséquent, des risques plus élevés. Inversement, l'individu qui entre en relation avec plusieurs institutions différentes peut devenir le support d'une perception plus réaliste des dangers, et donc d'une réduction des risques
The author analyses, from a sociological point of view, how institutional actors react to technical and industrial hazards, taking examples in developped countries, and especially in France and the United States. He reviews the existing litterature about the experts facing risks, (scientists, safety engineers, economists), the industrial and business behaviour insafety issues, political and administrative attitudes, environmental movements and trade unions dealing with both occupational and environmental risks. The author undertakes the similarities between various institutions: there is a general "cultural bias" which can be characterized as a strong tendency to "euphemize" dangers coming from one's own activity, and, reversedly, to "emphasize" hazards to be attributed to other instances. More generally, social actors tend to perceive risk only within the limits of a "dramatic" construction of reality in which dangers which are not symbolised are simply "non existing". The author tries to sustain this statement by exploring the relationships emerging between the individual and the institution, when they are confronting industrial hazards. The main empirical results (including interviews in American and French situations - in chemical plants) lead the author to the conclusion that reciprocal "implication" (Individual vs. Institution) explains the cultural bias in risk perception. According to this, as far as they tend to become "closed worlds", institutions may develop risk perception systems which are more and more severed from reality. On the contrary, individuals, who deal with different social worlds at the same time, may be "risk reducing factors"

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Chaves, Ellen Cristina. "Obrigações tributárias acessórias: aspectos positivos e negativos de sua instituição." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5401.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ellen Cristina Chaves.pdf: 1517008 bytes, checksum: 2ec583e6494211e14cfeee85b6d5b48c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26
The objective of this thesis is to study Brazilian s accessory tax obligations system focusing on its nature, history and formal structure, its positive and negative aspects, while analyzing some specific accessory obligations and related court decisions. The author chose to review this subject mainly due to its current nature and growing importance in Brazilian´s revenue collection system for instance the introduction of taxation by electronic means that improved gross collection figures and enabled superior scrutiny while increasing the burden for taxpayers. The research included books and journal articles on the matter from well-known authors, data collected from the website of the Brazilian Internal Revenue Service, Federal Supreme Court and the Superior Court of Justice as well as a study from PriceWaterhouseCoopers and World Bank Group written in 2010. The result of the thesis illustrates both the theoretical and practical approaches on the subject, in order to analize the positive and negative aspects of the institution of accessory tax obligations
O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as obrigações tributárias acessórias, sobretudo a natureza, fonte e a estrutura formal do instituto; seus aspectos positivos, negativos e consequentes limites de imposição; bem como analisar algumas obrigações tributárias acessórias em espécie e decisões judiciais sobre o assunto. A escolha do estudo justifica-se em razão da atualidade e importância do tema, pois crescente a imposição de deveres instrumentais no cenário brasileiro, principalmente por meios eletrônicos, o que por um lado facilita a atividade arrecadatória e fiscalizatória da Administração Tributária, mas por outro implica cada vez maiores exigências e ônus para os administrados. A pesquisa do tema baseou-se principalmente em obras doutrinárias e artigos de periódicos; também houve coleta de dados no sítio eletrônico da Receita Federal do Brasil, do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, bem como estudos da PriceWaterhouseCoopers e do Banco Mundial em 2010. O resultado do trabalho revela a abordagem tanto de aspectos teóricos quanto práticos sobre o assunto, a fim de analisar os aspectos positivos e negativos da instituição das obrigações tributárias acessórias

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Pickel, Chevalier Sylvine. "Représentations et pratiques de la nature dans les stations atlantiques françaises : Une construction sociale évolutive." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070064.

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Dans le contexte de l'essor de la notion de "sustainable tourism", qui sous-entend une révolution du tourisme par rapport à l'environnement cette étude s'est efforcée de comprendre les représentations et pratiques de la Nature diffusées sur les plus importantes stations du littoral atlantique français - Biarritz, Royan et La Baule. Et ce, afin de savoir si la Nature est réellement appréhendée comme une composante fondamentale des sites touristiques. De plus, dans le but de confirmer ou d'infirmer le caractère prétendu innovant de l'attention environnementaliste, on s'est intéressé à l'évolution de ses représentations et utilisations depuis la fondation des stations. Or, cette recherche a permis de constater qu'à défaut de recouvrir une réalité scientifique immuable, la Nature est une construction sociale évolutive. Une construction sociale, qui est exploitée sur les stations, définies depuis leur création comme des sites associant l'attrait de la centralité urbaine et celui-ci d'un environnement de qualité. Ce caractère durable de la composante Nature n'induit pas la constance de ses interprétations, qui n'ont eu de cesse de se transformer depuis le XIXème siècle. Toutefois, ces évolutions affectent plus les représentations que les pratiques de la Nature qui, dans des stations dédiées à la recréation intégrant la récréation, demeure surtout utilisée dans un cadre ludique. Ce constat remet donc en cause l'aptitude des formes de tourisme dites "écologiques" remplacer ses pratiques traditionnelles étant donné que leurs adeptes restent avant tout épris de loisirs offerts par l'alliance du littoral de la ville, et ce malgré une sensibilité environnementaliste prononcée
In the context of the development of the notion of "Sustainable Tourism", that implies the revolution of tourism towards environment, this study tried to understand the perceptions and uses of Nature spread on the most important seaside resorts of the French Atlantic coast - Biarritz, Royan and La Baule. This research has the objective to know if Nature is really seen like an essential element of the seaside resorts. Beside, in order to confirm or deny the so-called "new" character of this environmentalist attention, we have studied the evolution of its perceptions and uses since the foundation of the seaside resorts. So, this research leads to establish that, far from being an immutable scientific reality, Nature is a dynamic social construction. A social construction that is used on the seaside resorts, defined since their creation like places combining the appeal of the urban centrality and the appeal of an environment of high quality. The long-standing of the Nature element doesn't mean the constancy of its interpretations that have being changing since the XIXth century. However, these evolutions affect more the perceptions than the practices of Nature that stays essentially used in a recreational context, in those seaside resorts dedicated to the re-creation including the recreation. This fact denies the ability of the forms of tourism so-called "ecologist" to replace its traditional uses, since the tourists are still above all looking for the leisure brought by the union of the coastline and the city, and this, despite a strong environmentalist feeling

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Blanc, Nathalie. "La nature dans la cité." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010509.

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Cette recherche interroge la place de la nature dans la pensée sur la ville et la relation des citadins à la nature. Elle pose une question jusqu'ici insuffisamment travaillée : quelle est la place idéelle en matérielle de la nature dans la ville ? Nous voulons, tout d'abord, comprendre si l'effacement de la dimension naturelle dans la géographie urbaine affecte de manière plus générale les autres disciplines urbaines et même l'ensemble de la pensée sur la ville. Nous tentons d'apprécier, ensuite, les recherches en matières de nature dans la ville en étudiant un corpus de textes se référant à l'écologie urbaine. Mais la question de la nature dans la cité, pour un géographe qui a comme volonté de réarticuler le versant humain et physique de la géographie et de réintroduire la question de la nature dans la géographie urbaine, ne s'arrête pas à celle du constat de l'effacement ou même à l'analyse de la place de la nature dans la ville selon les disciplines : elle implique d'utiliser une démarche expérimentale pour vérifier l'hypothèse du bien-fondé de la réintroduction de la nature dans l'analyse urbaine. Nous avons choisi de réintroduire la nature dans l'analyse à travers l'étude de la relation homme-animal. Cette étude comporte un versant physique et matériel objective par les disciplines qui l'analysent : qu'est-ce que la nature en ville, quelle spécificité, quelle nature ? Un versant culturel allant jusqu’au subjectif : quelle est la relation des citadins a la nature, au naturel urbain, dans les représentations et les pratiques ?
This research concerns the place allocated to nature in the citi today. We try to understand if the unsignificant role nature has in urban geography today extends to the thinking of the city. Besides we tempt to reintroduce nature in the geographical analysis through the study of the relation man animal

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Boudjemadi, Valérian. "L'âgisme : étude de la nature, des théories explicatives et des mesures directes et indirectes d'un phénomène psychosocial." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN21007/document.

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Quelle est la vraie nature de l’âgisme, comment l’explique-t-on et comment le mesure-t-on ? Voici les trois principales interrogations qui ont guidé notre travail. Nous avons essayé d’étudier ce phénomène sous l’angle des théories et des paradigmes les plus récents de la cognition sociale qu’elle soit explicite ou implicite. Cette thèse se compose de deux parties : une partie théorique et une autre empirique. Dans la première, nous avons tenté d’explorer la nature de l’âgisme : est-il une attitude, un stéréotype ? Comment fonctionne-t-il ? Comment agit-il? Comment l’explique-t-on ? Plusieurs théories explicatives ont été explorées telles que la perspective sociocognitive des stéréotypes de l’âge, la théorie de l’identité sociale, la théorie de la double norme du vieillissement ou encore la théorie de gestion de la terreur. Sans oublier le rôle de certains aspects de la personnalité dans les différences individuelles liées à l’âgisme. Un autre aspect majeur abordé est celui de l’âgisme implicite présenté sous l’angle de la cognition sociale implicite. La seconde partie présente six études empiriques. Les deux premières portent sur l’âgisme explicite et se proposent d’adapter et valider une mesure directe de l’âgisme, ainsi que de soumettre à l’épreuve des faits un modèle structural mettant en jeu certaines variables de personnalité explicatives des préjugés. A notre connaissance, nous offrons à travers ce travail, la première mesure directe francophone de l’âgisme, dûment validée. Les quatre autres études expérimentales portent sur l’âgisme implicite. Les deux premières concernent la construction et la validation d’une mesure indirecte de l’âgisme. Nous avons retenu le Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) pour construire une mesure indirecte absolue par opposition à une mesure relative produite par le célèbre Implicit Association Test (IAT). Nous offrons aussi à travers ce travail, la première mesure indirecte absolue de l’âgisme en opposition aux mesures indirectes relatives utilisant l’IAT. La troisième explore l’âgisme implicite à la lumière du paradigme des stéréotypes multiples de l’âge et de la théorie de la gestion de la terreur. Enfin, la dernière explore l’âgisme implicite à la lumière de la double norme du vieillissement
What is the real nature of ageism? How do we explain and measure it? Here are the three main questions which have guided our work. We have tried to study this phenomenon from the theories and most recent paradigms perspectives of the social cognition whether they are explicit or implicit. The thesis is divided in two parts: One is theoretical while the other one is empirical. In the first one, we have tried to explore the nature of ageism: Is it an attitude, a stereotype? How does it function? How does it act? How do we explain it? Several explicative theories have been explored such as the social cognitive perspective of age stereotypes, the social identity theory, the double standard of aging and the terror management theory without omitting the role of certain aspects of personality in the individual differences linked to ageism. Another important factor is the implicit ageism as seen in the implicit social cognition. The second part deals with 6 empirical studies. The first two parts are about explicit ageism and try to adapt and validate a direct measure on ageism. This measure is therefore integrated to a structural model which includes certain personality variables related to generalized prejudice. To our knowledge, we introduce through this study the first French direct measure on ageism duly validated. The other four experimental studies deal with implicit ageism when the first two studies concerned the construction and validation of an indirect measure of ageism. We have used the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) to build an absolute indirect measure as opposed to a relative measure produced by the famous Implicit Association Test (IAT). The third study explores the implicit ageism through the paradigm of multiple stereotypes due to age and terror management theory. Finally, the last one explores implicit ageism through the double standard of aging

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nature – social aspects'

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