Academic literature on the topic 'Nature – social aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nature – social aspects"
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Mineva, Darina. "THE SOCIAL NATURE OF QUALITY." Knowledge International Journal 30, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij30061735m.
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The article examines aspects of the quality of products and services, defines its social character and the factors that determine it. Three factors form the social character of the quality of products and services: the needs of society and individuals; market relations; the insurance of consumers against risks (health insurance and insurance).The question of the difference between consumer value and utility value and value and value is fundamental to determining the social quality of the quality. User value and utility are the two aspects of quality. Your quality is in the product or service. Consumer value is a property and value is a public property. It reflects the public nature of the work of the commodities producers through the exchange of the market. The basis of this exchange is the merciful value of the commodity.The social nature of the quality of products and services is "the commitment of producers to the needs of society and the individual", irrespective of the type of production. The social aspect is at the heart of all other aspects. Therefore, when assessing the quality of a hospital, we are actually evaluating not so much the organization itself but its commitment to the health of society.
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Shpytalenko, H. A., D. P. Melnychuk, and Yu V. Bohoiavlenska. "SOCIAL NATURE OF CRIMES: HISTORICAL AND GNOSEOLOGICAL ASPECTS." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 3 (2020): 356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2020-3/85.
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Myrzabaeva, Balmira, Aigul Imataeva, and Gulnaz Kydyrbayeva. "Ethnolinguistic aspects of social policy." Adam alemi 95, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2023.1/1999-5849.10.
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The article analyzes the ethno-linguistic aspects of social policy in the context of the formation of Kazakhstani identity, their relationship with socio-political stability, political modernization. Practice has shown that reliance on ethno-national identity leads to an aggravation of inter-ethnic relations, which results in an increase in tension and an increase in emigration, which peaked in 1994. Expectations of a socio-economic nature (the dynamics of economic growth, and, as a result, expectations of an improvement in the financial situation, an increase in the social and property status), and, on the contrary, pessimistic expectations are variable, and the ethnic and linguistic characteristics of society are stable and constant. Social policy is aimed at solving current, medium-term and long-term economic, social problems, fulfilling strategic tasks, but the fruitfulness of social policy is determined by whether the goal of a strategic nature is set - the integration of social groups into a single community. The relationship between the state and society, social policy should take into account the ethnic and linguistic characteristics of society for such integration and the formation of a supra-ethnic, civic identity.
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MIRSKI, Andrzej. "Social and cognitive aspects of children’s play." EUROPEAN HUMANITIES STUDIES: State and Society, no. 3 (June 25, 2015): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.38014/ehs-ss.2015.3.07.
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The article provides an overview and analysis of social and cognitive aspects of children’s games. The nature of the game with the positions of psychology and other social sciences. Predstaveno analysis of classical and modern sources and research on the nature of children’s play. A structural dynamic model of children’s games as part of social behavior, and - as an important tool of cognitive development.
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Marchenko, Galina, and Svetlana Murzina. "Social aspects of environmental problems." E3S Web of Conferences 458 (2023): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345806009.
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The social aspects of environmental problems are no less important for preserving the quality parameters of the environment than numerous energy and technical aspects. In the context of increasing environmental problems and difficulties in the relationship between man and nature, it seems extremely important to appeal to the consciousness and thinking of man and humanity. An effective means of influencing a person’s system of beliefs and values is education. Therefore, the article’s appeal to pedagogical potential as one of the significant means of solving environmental problems seems quite relevant. Education system prepares specialists capable of solving environmental problems associated with industrial production and energy-saving technologies.
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Kireeva-Genenko, I. A., E. M. Lopina, L. I. Belousova, A. М. Mitryaykina, and L. S. Goncharova. "THE SOCIAL-GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF NATURE MANAGEMENT IN RURAL AREAS." Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences), no. 5 2020 (2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/use.37390.
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Kleiner, I., and N. Movshovitz-Hadar. "Aspects of the pluralistic nature of mathematics." Interchange 21, no. 1 (March 1990): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01809608.
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Morera, Jaime Alonso Caravaca, Maria Itayra Padilha, Denise Guerreiro Vieira da Silva, and Jaime Sapag. "THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS." Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem 24, no. 4 (December 2015): 1157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-0707201500003440014.
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ABSTRACT This manuscript is aimed at discussing the plural nature of the main conceptual, theoretical and methodological features of the social representations in their various manifestations. As a base to discuss the topics, we used the main texts that amalgamated the vision of the main researchers of psychology, sociology and nursing. According to Moscovici, social representations correspond to acts of thoughts in which subjects relate to the object, and that object through some process is replaced by symbols, turning it into a representation in the subject's mind. This process involves different mechanisms of contextualization, processing, construction and interpretation by sociocultural and linguistic aspects. In the transdisciplinary perspective, social representations emerge as a multidimensional field that permits questioning the nature of knowledge and the relationship individual-society, implanted in the main post-modern epistemological currents.
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Gál, Katalin, and Rita-Gizella Pásztor. "Theoretical Aspects of Social Enterprises." Papers in Arts and Humanities 2, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52885/pah.v2i2.109.
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Social enterprises are given special attention from a scientific and public policy point of view. In everyday life, we see them as organizations that can provide solutions to various social problems. From an academic perspective, they represent a new research topic with its own interdisciplinary nature. They have been examined mainly from the point of view of management and organizational culture. In terms of scientific analysis, the newly developed research area of social economy and social enterprises is still in the conceptualization phase. The theoretical and methodological framework for research measurements need to be finalized. In this study, we seek to answer the question of how social economy—in particular, the perception of social enterprises in international and Romanian literature—is changing as a result of economic and social changes in space and time. We examine the factors along which definitions of the social enterprise within social economy are attempted, and the indicators that facilitate the investigation of the social impact of social enterprises.
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Valiev, Rafail. "Legal regulation: positive and negative aspects." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 4 (2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520018448-3.
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The article is devoted to the actualization and substantiation of the dual nature of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is a pluralistic approach to law and dualistic dialectics. In the aspect of the conflict nature of social development as one of the determinants of the social nature of law, the author states the methodological significance of conflictological legal understanding for the actualization of the dualistic nature of legal regulation in the unity of its regulatory and protective principles. The author proceeds from the hypothesis that legal regulation has as its subject the ordering and protection of social relations in the order of establishing regulatory and protective norms, which corresponds to the essence of law. The indicated dualism of the subject of legal regulation is used for its dual characterization at the level of positive and negative aspects, expressing the correlation of the dichotomy of the regulatory and protective functions of law with the dichotomy of positive and negative types of social relations. The argumentation of the positive and negative principles of legal regulation is based on institutional and legal means.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nature – social aspects"
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Tench, Elizabeth. "The nature of social cognition in high-performance adolescent team athletes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0006/NQ38987.pdf.
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Magosha, Tendani Amos. "Social development versus saving nature? : a case study in environmental ethics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49787.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research project has been purposed at shedding light and bringing clarity and practical resolution to the ethical dilemma brought about by seemingly incompatible principles and value positions associated with the two contentious issues: social development and nature conservation. In view of exposing the contentions between the two above-mentioned value positions, this project has pitted anthropocentrism against biocen trism / ecocen trism. However, as alluded to in this research, many people in developing countries, South Africa included, are victims of poverty and hunger which need redress. Unfortunately the alleviation of the same has been made possible through ruthless exploitation and maximum expansion of natural resources and in the process, the environment suffered much. However, with social development, the natural environment is often sacrificed and conversely with the protection and preservation of nature, man is then condemned to destitution. With the introduction and the case expose forming the introduction of this research project in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 is devoted to the research methodology used throughout this project. Also, given the problem statement, endeavours to search for answers to the central questions are outlined. An analysis of the case study is also made in this chapter. Chapter 3 deals with the weighing of the classical dilemmas namely: anthropocentrism versus biocentrism / ecocentrism and this further entails the notion of justice versus conservation pertaining the case in point. These classical dilemmas are put into critical perspective in Chapter 4 wherein monistic value approaches are exposed in terms of their failures. Precisely, the either-or choices following from pure theoretical principles are put into question with reference to the case under discussion. An alternative, namely the pragmatic approach, which maintains a multiplicity of values, is hereby brought into play. Chapter 5 entails a critical appraisal of the decision to be taken by the Makhado Municipality Council with regard to the development of the shopping complex or the protection of the indigenous tree sanctuary. In conclusion, recommendations and suggestions are stated within the context of the case in point. However, it is imperative to note that these recommendations and suggestions should be read in conjunction with one another, and not in isolation from one another. Furthermore, the same should not in anyway be indiscriminately used as a universal standard in any similar or related case. Further research on this ethical debate is encouraged.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek is om helderheid en 'n praktiese oplossing te kry met betrekking tot die etiese dilemma wat voortspruit uit die oeriskynlik onversoenbare beginsels en waardeposisies wat geassosieer word met twee omstrede kwessies, naamlik sosiale ontwikkeling en natuurbewaring. Met die oog daarop om die kwelpunte rondom bogenoemde twee waardeposisies aan die lig te bring, stel hierdie projek antroposentrisme teenoor biosentrisme / ekosentrisme. Baie mense in ontwikkelende lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, IS slagoffers van armoede en hongersnood, soos aangedui word in die loop van hierdie navorsing. Hierdie situasie noodsaak regs telling. Pogings om verligting te bring in hierdie verband, lei egter tot die genadelose eksploitasie en maksimum ontwikkeling van natuurlike hulpbronne. In hierdie proses word die omgewing ernstig beskadig. Die ongelukkige toedrag van sake is dus dat sosiale ontwikkeling dikwels geskied ten koste van die omgewing, terwyl die beskerming en bewaring van die omgewing op sy beurt dikwels die mens behoeftig laat. Hoofstuk 1 van hierdie navorsingsprojek bevat 'n inleiding en beskrywing van die geval onder bespreking, terwyl Hoofstuk 2 gewy word aan die navorsingsmetodologie wat in hierdie projek gebruik word. Dit bevat ook 'n skets van die pogings om antwoorde te soek op die sentrale vrae van die probleemstelling, en 'n analise van die gevallestudie. In Hoofstuk 3 word die klassieke dilemmas wat verband hou met die betrokke probleem opgeweeg, naamlik antroposentrisme teenoor biosentrismej ekosentrisme, en die idee van geregtigheid teenoor die idee van bewaring. Bogenoemde klassieke dilemmas word in 'n kritiese lig beskou in Hoofstuk 4 deurdat die tekortkominge van monistiese waardebenaderings uitgewys word. Die 6f-6f keuses wat volg uit suiwer teoretiese beginsels word bevraagteken met verwysing na die geval onder bespreking. 'n Pleidooi word uiteindelik gelewer vir 'n alternatiewe pragmatiese benadering wat eerder 'n veelheid van waardes betrek. Hoofstuk 5 bevat 'n kritiese beoordeling van die keuse wat die Makhado Munisipaliteitsraad moet maak tussen die ontwikkeling van 'n winkelkompleks of die beskerming van 'n inheemse boomreservaat. Ter afsluiting word aanbevelings en voorstelle gemaak in verband met die kwessie onder bespreking. Dit is egter belangrik om daarop te let dat hierdie aanbevelings en voorstelle nie apart van mekaar beskou moet word nie, maar eerder saam gelees moet word. Dit is verder ook belangrik dat die aanbevelings en voorstelle wat met betrekking tot hierdie geval gemaak word nie sonder meer gebruik moet word as 'n universele standaard vir soortgelyke of verwante gevalle nie. Verdere navorsing oor hierdie etiese debat word aangemoedig.
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Carter, May Elizabeth. "Health and the nature of urban green spaces." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1838.
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Recognition that city-dwelling people can benefit from contact with nature is not new. The urban open air movement of the 19th century advised retention of greenways and development of urban parks and gardens to stop disease spread through lack of fresh air, poor sanitation and overcrowding. Now, in the early 21st century, urban green spaces are under threat from inner city infill projects and clearing of remnant vegetation to accommodate suburban sprawl.
While much literature discusses positive health benefits of contact with nature, few studies explore explicit pathways between urban green space and health, despite mounting concern that disassociation between people and nature in urban communities may be detrimental to physical and mental health. This study explored how people’s attitudes toward nature might influence perceptions of nearby green spaces and feelings of attachment to living in their neighbourhood, and in turn, whether people with positive attitudes towards nature and positive perceptions of nearby green space would report better health.
A mixed method research design was adopted in this study. Exploration of research questions required objective measurement of relationships between different aspects of health and nature, and interpretation of the subjective meanings people attach to those relationships. Study design involved distribution of a cross-sectional survey to residents in four neighbourhoods in Perth, Western Australia with respondents invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Neighbourhoods were selected based on location (either an inner or outer suburban area), age of neighbourhood (established or new), diversity of nearby green space, and socio-demographic characteristics. Data from 440 surveys and 25 interviews were analysed.
Attitudes towards urban nature were diverse and it was clear that feelings about natural environments strongly influenced preference and perceptions of useable green spaces, and for some people, their choice of neighbourhood. In essence, people who enjoyed spending time in nature were more inclined to seek green spaces within their neighbourhood environment that provided complexity and opportunities for exploration or escape. Those who professed little connection to nature and saw bushland areas as untidy, uninviting or unsafe, tended to be more concerned about aesthetic and functional aspects of green space design and preferred to visit ‘civilised’ parks and gardens with manicured lawns, formal paths and playgrounds.
Green spaces were important sites for physical activity, relaxation and social interaction and proximity to useable green space was a significant factor in predicting better selfreported health. In addition, neighbourhoods with trees and greenways were described as healthier places to live. People who lived in close proximity to parks and green spaces where social interaction regularly occurred, who reported that diverse green spaces and bushland areas were being retained in their neighbourhood, who cared about environmental issues and were interested in being involved in conservation activities, were more likely to report better physical function, general health, mental health and feelings of vitality. People who regularly visited nearby green spaces described feeling happier and more satisfied with living in their neighbourhood.
Encouraging people to regularly visit and become actively involved in caring for local nature reserves and parklands can play an important role in health promotion and preventive health strategies. Conservation, useability and management of diverse green spaces must be considered as a critical element of urban planning. This will only occur with continuing recognition of the health benefits that can be achieved by retaining diverse, quality green spaces within suburban neighbourhoods.
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Chui, Chi Fai. "Rethinking the nature of motherhood and its influence on women's economic life." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1996. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/60.
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Warburton, John (John Harcourt). "The social nature of corrupt networks in the Queensland police force 1960-1987." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28112.
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Most corruption research is into what causes corruption, rather than how it
functions, on institutional causal factors rather than how it works. There are
strong practical reasons for this, given the difficulty in gaining reliable data about
actual corruption. The political economy model of corruption is the most
influential, coherent and popular. It describes corruption in terms of “rent
seeking" behaviour by “rational optimisers”, and has the advantage of access to
political economy tools and concepts such as game theory and principal agent
theory.
This thesis contests the assumptions of the rational choice influences on the
political economy approach, using evidence from an in—depth case study of
corruption in the Queensland Police Force between 1960 and 1987. The results
show that the corrupt network in the Queensland Police Force involved highly
complex social behaviour that displayed many “non rational” characteristics. Far
from being rational optimisers focused on material benefits, corrupt network
members were found to be willing to accept small material or non material
rewards, even though their behaviour involved significant personal risk. Corrupt
network members were also found to highly value social interactions and
belonging to the corrupt network as a group. This is not to say that individuals in
the corrupt network did not seek corrupt payments, as a large amount of cash
was actually involved. However, the evidence shows that a very small number of
“inner sanctum” power holders received a hugely disproportionate amount of the
money while bearing disproportionately less of the risk.
Corruption has to be holistically understood as an outcome of continuously
functioning networks rather than as an episode with a distinct beginning and end.
Using the data from the Queensland Police Force corrupt network, this thesis
examines the nature of interactions between all the corrupt network actors using
some of the tools and methodology of social network analysis.
The evidence suggests that corrupt police networks are self contained and highly
adaptive to threatsand opportunities from their environment. The network has a
shape and function that transcends individuals, even though in the case of the
Queensland Police Force corrupt network certain individuals were clearly
important to its successful operation. The network is highly flexible and resilient,
able to maintain itself while reducing activity even during periods of sustained
external threat, and also to efficiently increase activity and access to resources
when the environment is more favourable.
The corrupt network is able to achieve these outcomes, both through using
directly corrupt interactions between actors in the corrupt network, and other
interactions that bear little relation to traditional conceptions of corruption. In
particular this thesis finds that considerable energy is expended by corrupt
network members in conducting interactions that: protect the network from
external attack using network resources; promote the network to grow in
directions that give it greater control of relevant resources; are of a social nature;
and, promote the development of influence relations, access to resources, the
swapping of information and the trading of favours.
In fact, referring to a corrupt network underestimates the complexity of its
interaction with its environment. The corrupt network within the Queensland
Police Force interacted with several self contained networks that had links with
each other: the corrupt police network; the criminal milieu; and, the adjacent
influence network. The inter—relationships between all three networks were
crucial to the operation of the police corrupt network, which at its highest point
was receiving over $56,000 a month in corrupt payments from criminals. The
evidence shows that without links to the criminals the corrupt conduct could not
occur, but that links to the adjacent influence network were also highly important
to corrupt network operation. The adjacent influence network consisted of a
socially connected group of actors from Queensland’s primary social institutions
including: the political sphere (and in particular the ruling National Party); the
judiciary; and, the media. Access to powerholders in these institutions allowed
the corrupt network to receive information and resourCes, thus ensuring it could
protect and sustain itself over a long period of time. Anti-corruption measures
need to take into account these social and network characteristics of corruption
to be successful.
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Gurses, Mehmet. "Wealth and Regime Formation: Social and Economic Origins of the Change Toward Democracy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3966/.
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This study explores the relationship between economic development, social mobility, elites, and regime formation. I argue that the genesis of regime formation, in general, and of democratic regimes, in particular, is determined by the type of economic structure a society possesses, on the one hand, and on the degree the to which demands from disfranchised groups do or do not pose a substantial threat to the interests of elites who occupy the upper strata of the social and economic status hierarchy. Second I demonstrate that the dynamics of transition to wider political participation, as the core element of a democratic system of governance, and the survival of such change are different. In what follows I illustrate that some factors that have been found to dampen the chances for wider participation or have been found to be unrelated to onset of a democratic system of governance have considerable impacts on the durability of the democratic regimes. In a nutshell, the analysis points to the positive effects of mineral wealth and income inequality on the prospects of a democratic survival. Using a cross-national time series data set for all countries for the period between 1960 and 1999 I put the hypotheses to the test. I use binary logit, ordered logit, and ordinary least squares (OLS) to delineate the link between socioeconomic changes and the transition to wider participation. Survival analyses are employed to test for what factors account for the durability of a democratic regime.
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Van, der Riet Mary Boudine. "Mediation and the nature of cognitive socialization in the crèche and the home in a black rural context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002586.
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This thesis examines socialization in the homes and crèches of a rural area in a time of change. Change which is controlled and initiated from outside the local context, creates a dilemma for socialization agents when it introduces a knowledge paradigm different from that operating locally. Rural South African communities frequently experience exogenous change. The introduction of rural preschools, locally known as crèches, provides one example of such change challenging local socialization agents. While rural residents may not operate within knowledge paradigms to deal effectively with such change, they are not necessarily defeated by it. They "grapple" with the uncertainty, developing ways of coping and containing the change. This forms the focus of this thesis. Vygotsky's concept of mediation and conceptualization of the individual/society relationship, informs the examination of "grappling" with change. Two central questions are addressed: In an unfamiliar situation, what is mediated and what resources are drawn on? The research was designed around the recognition of the process nature of research, the constructivism inherent in research and the significance of the social context. Two central mediators, the mother and the crèche teacher, and the broader social context of the home and the creche, were examined. Three levels of investigation were utilised. An analysis of mediation in dyads working on an unfamiliar task provided insight into the social/psychological dynamics. Interviews with residents highlighted socialization beliefs and practices and the social context. Analysis of verses and stories taught to children revealed the inherent ideology of socialization. The main findings of this study are that: Rural residents "grapple" with social change by drawing on their own resources; in "grappling" with the unfamiliar what is mediated is an adult/child interactional status based on the inherent ideology of socialization and the dominant resource drawn on is the "culture of orality". It is argued that in the situation of neither mastery nor defeat, rural residents have used intermediary strategies of coping and containing the effect of the preschool as an agent of exogenous, social change. Recommendations are made for integrating "socialized" and "learned" knowledge from the home and the crèche.
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Sadkowski, Marie. "Place-identity and homelessness : The restorative nature of the home." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1993. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1456.
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This research aims to address deficiencies in the Place-Identity literature and establish whether the home is a central and mediating environment within this theory. An exploration of the association between homelessness and Place-Identity provides a vehicle for clarifying the psychological role of the home and in doing so an increased awareness of this social problem is promoted. Korpela's (1989) and Kaplan's (1983) theories on place, accentuating active self-regulatory mechanisms and restorative environments, act as a catalyst and provide a solid foundation for this current research. The extensive literature on the home highlights the different conceptions that abound and the lack of consensus regarding the impact of this environment. The environmental psychology paradigm promotes an understanding of the mutuality between people and their environments and in line with this belief it is Sixsmith's (1986) model of the home emphasizing the complementarity of the physical, social and emotional components that is the most influential, raising questions as to whether privacy and socialization are central adaptive functions and whether the physical environment can create a means for them to be fostered. The accent of the research is placed on a comparative analysis between homeless and non-homeless youth aged between 12-20 living in Perth's inner and outer suburbs. A random sampling procedure was used to obtain the sample (40 homeless and 40 non-homeless). An exploratory study provided some verification for the connection between Place-identity and homelessness and directed the methodology. A structured interview format was used with the instrument for the main inquiry being devised through a collaborative process with input from the researcher, administrative personnel and homeless youth. Fndings consolidate the importance of Place-Identity theory and the role places potentially have in promoting a sense of self and in maintaining self-equilibrium. An appreciation of the perceptions held of the original and current home environments by the two groups (homeless/non-homeless) suggests that it is the home that has the potential to contribute substantially to self identity. Links are made with Korpela (1989) and Kaplan (1983) demonstrating how the current home environment can reduce the impact of prior negative experiences in the original home. This finding stimulates the development and extrapolation of tentative models of Place-Identity clarifying the role of the home in creating a sense of self and maintaining self-equilibrium whilst emphasizing the importance of Promoting active self-regulation particularly pertaining to privacy and socialization. The most salient feature being the way in which these two latter qualities are stimulated by the design of homes and how they impact on self-identity. From these models an appreciation of the role of the original home as a possible causative factor for homelessness is acknowledged and importantly suggestions as to how the current home can potentially 'break' the homeless cycle proposed. The ramifications of this research extend primarily into the areas of counselling and design with the information obtained being useful for youth workers, school counsellors, parents and all concerned with youth. There are also implications for designers and architects suggesting that more conducive environments emerge from a collaborative process which encourages a shared conception of place needs. Future research is needed to broaden an understanding of the homeless group by incorporating greater numbers to include a more extensive coverage of the three types of accomodation (short, medium and long term) and those 'on the streets'. Developmental influences on Place-Identity are intimated and also warrant further investigation. This research stimulates questions about the influence of places throughout the various stages of life. It creates a foundation for determining how the physical environment can be restorative for other alienated groups in society such as those in prisons, hospitals and refuges. It also lends itself to an exploration of cultural influences such as Aboriginality and Place-Identity where such information might assist integration in a similar way as a knowledge of Place-Identity might for the homeless. It is hoped that this research might prove instrumental in impacting on policy related to accommodation services for the homeless, promote an increased understanding of this issue and lead to a continuing interest in the promotion of self-identity through the physical environment.
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Kapp, Sébastien. "L'immersion fictionnelle collaborative : une étude de la posture d'engagement dans les jeux de rôles grandeur nature." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209549.
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Qu’implique concrètement le fait de s’engager dans une fiction ?La question que pose cette thèseest celle des efforts, des activités ou des « travaux » que doit effectuer le joueur de jeux de rôles
grandeur nature quand il veut s’immerger dans un univers fictionnel. Cette activité ludique demande
l’adoption d’une posture d’engagement dont le trait principal est qu’elle fonctionne sur un mode
collaboratif. Sollicitant les cadres théoriques d’Howard Becker (approche par mondes et division du
travail créatif), de Jean-Marie Schaeffer (dispositifs d’immersion fictionnelle), de Laurent Thévenot et
de Nicolas Auray (régimes d’engagement), j’examine trois de ces efforts, essentiellement grâce à une
ethnographie poussée. Le premier effort consiste à accéder à l’univers en créant un personnage actif
et autonome ;le second revient à interagir au sein du monde fictionnel dans un double mouvement
qui consiste à repousser ses cadres tout en les renforçant ;le troisième implique d’imaginer des
modes d’organisation pour donner un cadre à l’action.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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McLeman, Robert Andrew. "A management strategy for potential human population movements as a result of climate change." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14040190.
Full textBooks on the topic "Nature – social aspects"
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Strange, John G. Nature and technology: Bioeconomics. Appleton, Wis. (P.O. Box 357, Appleton 54912-0357): Graphic Communications Center, 1985.
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Wolpert, L. The unnatural nature of science. London: Faber and Faber, 1992.
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3
Bernd, Hamm, Jałowiecki Bohdan, and Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju., eds. The Social nature of space. Warszawa: Państwowe Wydawn. Nauk., 1990.
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A, Kosiński Leszek, Pádua José Augusto, Mendes Candido 1928-, International Social Science Council, and Conjunto Universitário Cândido Mendes, eds. Ecological disorder in Amazonia: Social aspects. 2nd ed. Paris: Unesco, 1992.
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Carter, Bob. Nature, society and environmental crisis. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2010.
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Kabilsingh, Chatsumarn. Buddhism and nature conservation. Bangkok: Thammasat University Press, 1998.
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D, Ives Jack, and Pitt David C, eds. Deforestation: Social dynamics in watersheds and mountain ecosystems. London: Routledge, 1988.
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Johnston, R. J. Environmental problems: Nature, economy, and state. London: Belhaven Press, 1989.
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Cacioppo, John T. Loneliness: Human nature and the need for social connection. New York: Norton, 2008.
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Dahms, Harry F. Nature, knowledge and negation. Bingley, UK: Emerald, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Nature – social aspects"
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Edmonds, Bruce. "The Nature of Noise." In Epistemological Aspects of Computer Simulation in the Social Sciences, 169–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01109-2_13.
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Arango, Héctor, Vinicius Braga Ferreira da Costa, Carolina Cortez, Lucas Gustavo Arango, Lígia Cintra Pereira, Letícia dos Santos Benso Maciel, Élcio Deccache, and Benedito Donizeti Bonatto. "Economics, Regulatory Aspects, and Public Policies." In Interdisciplinary and Social Nature of Engineering Practices, 131–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88016-3_8.
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Chun, Shan. "The Buddha Nature Theory and Its Social Value." In Major Aspects of Chinese Religion and Philosophy, 95–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29317-7_7.
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Emelianova, N. N., and A. A. Dementyev. "Cryptocurrency, Taxation and International Law: Contemporary Aspects." In Artificial Intelligence: Anthropogenic Nature vs. Social Origin, 725–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39319-9_80.
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Fedotov, Mingiyan N., Alexander V. Sukhinin, Oksana A. Kovalenko, Viktoriya M. Romadikova, and Olga N. Kuznetsova. "Digital Profile: Special Aspects of Legal Regulation." In Artificial Intelligence: Anthropogenic Nature vs. Social Origin, 766–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39319-9_85.
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Leme, Rafael Coradi. "Analytical Optimization Applied to Social Aspects and Public Policies." In Interdisciplinary and Social Nature of Engineering Practices, 235–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88016-3_11.
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Young, Ingrid. "Anticipating Policy, Orienting Services, Celebrating Provision: Reflecting on Scotland’s PrEP Journey." In Social Aspects of HIV, 59–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69819-5_5.
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AbstractPrEP in Scotland came with great expectation and celebration. As the first country in the UK to offer PrEP through the National Health Service (NHS), Scotland was heralded as a leader in HIV prevention. This chapter asks: how has the anticipation of PrEP shaped provision and use within the health system; how does the emergent and ongoing orientation of PrEP towards specific risk practices affect awareness, access and use, but also wider narratives of prevention, inequalities and ‘progress’; and, what kinds of biosexual citizens does it demand and produce? The chapter explores how the implementation of PrEP and the specific nature of its roll-out contribute to an orientation towards certain (gendered) PrEP users and PrEP use. It considers how the anticipation of PrEP as a biotechnology for particular risk practices, bodies and communities shapes promissory HIV prevention futures and determines what success and ‘celebration’ could be.
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Verkerk, Maarten J., Paulo Fernando Ribeiro, and Rafael S. Salles. "Key Concepts for Frameworks: Values, Aspects Normativity and Enkaptic Structures." In Interdisciplinary and Social Nature of Engineering Practices, 45–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88016-3_3.
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Zhilkina, Anna N., Oleg N. Zhilkin, and Vladimir K. Krylov. "Financial and Economic and Information Aspects of Smart City – AI at Citizens’ Service." In Artificial Intelligence: Anthropogenic Nature vs. Social Origin, 148–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39319-9_16.
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Tschebann, Saskya. "Cemetery Enchanted, Encore: Natural Burial in France and Beyond." In Bioarchaeology and Social Theory, 249–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03956-0_11.
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AbstractOver the past three decades, a silent revolution in funerary practices and cemetery design known as the ‘natural burial movement’ has swept over various national contexts and created a transnational narrative that is embedded in local funerary cultures. Seeking out environmentally-friendly burial alternatives, new cemetery and commemoration concepts take into account the urban lack of space and changing family structures and combine these with a desire for autonomy from economically and ecologically costly burial practices. A salient feature of these new burial sites are their naturalistic design and enchanting appeal. Presenting ethnographic research at France’s first natural cemetery« Cimetière naturel de Souché », which opened in 2014, this chapter examines and reflects on the changes in material as well as immaterial funeral settings within a contemporary European context. The research reveals insights into a heterogenous set of values concerning human body disposal, nature and culture, gift giving and reciprocity, and purity and respect. The main objectives of the cemetery officials originally were geared towards the creation of a place as close to nature’s makeup as possible, a reduction of the ecological footprint of burials, and cost decrease. The most significant aspects for the bereaved and other visitors are, however, an appeal beyond economic and ecologic objectives. Spiritualities, therapeutic death contemplation, and continuous kin care point to an enduring enchantment: meditations veiled in a green hue.
Conference papers on the topic "Nature – social aspects"
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Nefedev, S. "SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIVE EFFECTS." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2585.s-n_history_2021_44/51-62.
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The article, from the standpoint of the «memetic» and «network» paradigms, examines the factors, mechanisms and socio-ecological consequences of information and communication influences. The phenomenon and mechanisms of information infection, the role of meme-viral influences in the processes of socio-cultural evolution are analyzed. The prospects for the development of effective research and socio-performative methods and technologies based on the joint use of the principle of viral information and communication influences and the «network» approach are studied. The ways of determining the intensity of «information infection» of the social space and the degree of «cognitive damage» of the population are discussed. It is shown that important socio-ecological problems of an information civilization are: the problem of uncontrollable side effects of information and communication influences and a tendency to the loss of human-centeredness (dehumanization) of network forms of social organization and control over them by a person.
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Игумнов, О. А., Е. Д. Платонова, and М. М. Мусарский. "Social and Humanitarian Aspects of Entrepreneurship: Social Capital and Social Entrepreneurship." In Современное образование: векторы развития. Роль социально-гуманитарного знания в подготовке педагога: материалы V международной конференции (г. Москва, МПГУ, 27 апреля – 25 мая 2020 г.). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37492/etno.2020.47.49.024.
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предпринимательство как специфический вид социальной практики, существующий достаточно длительное время, закономерно становится объектом научного интереса исследователей социальных проблем современного общества. Интерес вызывают как мотивы, побуждающие заниматься данным видом деятельности, так и социальные основания предпринимательства как социальной практики. В частности, значительное количество исследований посвящено проблеме профессиональных и личностных качеств предпринимателя и их врожденного характера. Речь также идет о возможности и необходимости массового обучения предпринимательству и условиях его результативности. Авторами проведен анализ социально-гуманитарной составляющей предпринимательской деятельности, роли социально-культурного контекста в этом процессе. Указанные факторы проанализированы с позиции социальных установок, сложившихся в представлениях предпринимателей. Проведен анализ взаимосвязи самовосприятия предпринимателей и мотивации к занятию предпринимательством, а также природы неформального (социального) инвестирования как феномена в условиях социально-ориентированный рыночной экономики. entrepreneurship as a specific type of social practice, existing for quite a long time, naturally becomes the object of the scientific interest of the modern society social problems researchers. Both the motivations for engaging in this activity and the social foundations of entrepreneurship as a social practice are of interest. A considerable number of studies are devoted to the problem of professional and personal qualities of the entrepreneur and their innate nature. At the same time, it is about the possibility and necessity of mass training of entrepreneurship, as well as about the conditions of its performance. The authors have analyzed the social and humanitarian component of entrepreneurship and its role of the social and cultural context in this process. These factors have analyzed as the social attitudes established in the perceptions of entrepreneurs. An analysis of the relationship between self-perception of entrepreneurs and motivation to engage in entrepreneurship, as well as the nature of informal (social) investment as a phenomenon in a socially oriented market economy were carried out.
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Netesova, M., and I. Ardashkin. "ON THE QUESTION OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF APPLYING SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS TO SMART TECHNOLOGIES: KEY ASPECTS." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2584.s-n_history_2021_44/46-50.
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The article discusses the key aspests of the concepts of socio-philosophical analysis, applicable to the phenomenon of smart technologies in modern reality. The purpose, essence, and specificity of socio-philosophical analysis in the existing system of methods of scientific cognition are determined. Approaches to the study of socio – philosophical analysis as a significant means of understanding the essence and the most general laws of development and transformations of social life are considered. The article presents scientific and philosophical approaches to the problem of both domestic (Stepin V. S., Berkut V. P.,) and foreign authors (Michael M. Bell, Wenceslao J. Gonzalez), which require considering the social dimension of technology and the role of economic values in technology and the formation of a new type of society. The possibility of applying socio-philosophical analysis as a private scientific methodology in solving scientific problems is considered. The ambivalence of smart technologies in the social perception of society is demonstrated. The conclusion is formulated about the insufficient formation of a socio-philosophical framework that corresponds to the modern goals facing society, aimed at solving important problems for the present moment.
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Aslikyan, Alvard Hachaturovna, Votinova Votinova, and Yuri Alekseyevich Urgalkin. "SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ELECTRIFICATION OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-1-346/348.
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This article discusses the social and environmental aspects of the development of motor transport. The necessity of converting vehicles with internal combustion engines to electric traction is considered as a necessary condition for the harmonious development of nature and society
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TODOROVA, Ana, and Diana ANTONOVA. "ASPECTS OF THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFICIENCY OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN BULGARIA." In International Conference of Management and Industrial Engineering. Editura Niculescu, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/11icmie2023.58.
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This article examines problems of an institutional nature related to corporate social responsibility and the socialisation of labour. At the beginning of the third decade of the XXI century, the role of business in the public life of Bulgaria is increasing. As a result, its influence on the economic and social spheres is becoming more and more noticeable. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the possibilities and methods for state regulation of social responsibility, primarily from the point of view of the design of institutions related to corporate social activity and social investments. On the other hand, the obligations companies voluntarily undertake to implement social policy in the interest of stakeholders along the five-level chain to produce sustainable strategic economic-social solutions are also tracked.
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Ara, Nelofar, and Sukanya Das. "Social Aspects of Green Technology: A Review on Environmental Protection." In 7th GoGreen Summit 2021. Technoarete, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/978-93-92106-02-6.22.
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Over the last few years, a wide range of building materials, systems, and technologies have been produced around the world, and concern about the field’s sustainability challenges has been mandatory. Green technology refers to a variety of new and resourceful advancements in creating environmentally-friendly transforms in daily life. It has been prepared as well as used in such a way that natural resources along with the surroundings are protected. It is intended to be an optional source of technology that lowers the need for fossil fuels and causes not as much of damage to human, animal, in addition to plant health, as well as to the environment. The use of green technology is intended to diminish waste and pollution. Environmental technologies as well as clean technology are other terms for it. There have been studies on innovation that assumes environmentally friendly properties of materials, systems, and technologies; nevertheless, nothing has been said about the social aspects of sustainability. It is important to remember that sustainability encompasses not just environmental, but in addition financial and societal dimensions, the latter of which has direct repercussions for society’s well-being. Because worldwide concerns of environmental deterioration have compelled our society to take action, efforts aimed at this goal should be based on historical and cultural values, as well as the interaction between humans and nature to rethink development and evolve the concept of long-term sustainability. New ecologically friendly technologies are, without a doubt, critical to achieving long-term development. The purpose of this research is to emphasize the societal characteristics or features that contribute to environmental conservation through green technologies. The study is based on reviewing of secondary data sources like journals, articles, newspapers, social media, books, etc.
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Liao, Lizi, Xiangnan He, Zhaochun Ren, Liqiang Nie, Huan Xu, and Tat-Seng Chua. "Representativeness-aware Aspect Analysis for Brand Monitoring in Social Media." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/44.
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Owing to the fast-responding nature and extreme success of social media, many companies resort to social media sites for monitoring their brands’ reputation and the opinions of general public. To help companies monitor their brands, in this work, we delve into the task of extracting representative aspects and posts from users’ free-text posts in social media. Previous efforts have treated it as a traditional information extraction task, and forgo the specific properties of social media, such as the possible noise in user generated posts and the varying impacts; In contrast, we extract aspects by maximizing their representativeness, which is a new notion defined by us that accounts for both the coverage of aspects and the impact of posts. We formalize it as a submodular optimization problem, and develop a FastPAS algorithm to jointly select representative posts and aspects. The FastPAS algorithm optimizes parameters in a greedy way, which is highly efficient and can reach a good solution with theoretical guarantees. We perform extensive experiments on two datasets, showing that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art aspect extraction and summarization methods in identifying representative aspects.
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Mishatkina, Tatyana, and Vladimir Falko. "Human and Nature in the Conditions of Modern Technological Systems: Environmental and Ethical Aspects." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-19.2019.287.
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Sati, D., Y. Supriyati, and S. Sunaryo. "Nature of science research trends in physics learning." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL INTERDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “DIGITALIZATION AND SUSTAINABILITY FOR DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS”. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0183652.
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Lukashevich, Vladimir Konstantinovich. "Cognitive assimilation of resonant processes: problems and prospects." In 6th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2023-22.
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Based on the analysis of the results of the study of resonant processes in nature and social reality, topical problematic aspects of their theoretical understanding and actual applications are identified, in particular, in the context of the interaction of natural and socio-cultural factors of resonant processes in society
Reports on the topic "Nature – social aspects"
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo, and Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.
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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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BESTAEVA, E., and U. TEDEEVA. SOME ASPECTS OF THE WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-3-2-14-24.
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The purpose of the work is to determine the specifics of the worldview foundations of bioethics, their structure, nature and essence of man in the context of the “new experience” in the field of biotechnology. Research methods - philosophical and general logical.”New experience” in the field of biotechnology, as a stimulating discussion of anthropological, axiological and social problems, must be guided by the strategy of personal preservation and the methodology of human integrity and have value-worldview attitudes as real prerequisites. In the new ethics, the fundamental principles of two historically established systems - individualism and conciliarism (collectivism) are considered in the form of complement, not contradictory. We are only talking about their ratio and the degree of demand. At the same time, the state and society, and not “personal law”, are of decisive importance.
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Collins, Andrew, Tara Cornelisse, Suzanne Macey, and Mark Weckel. Community Buzz: Conservation of Trees and Native Bees in Urban Areas. American Museum of Natural History, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0146.
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The world is increasingly urbanized and yet, even in urban areas, humans remain dependent on the ecosystem services that nature provides. This case study-exercise explores selected aspects of the dynamic between humans and urban ecology in three parts. First, we briefly discuss urban ecosystems and the context of biodiversity conservation in urban areas. Then, through a case study of the Million Trees program in New York City, we provide evidence and start a discussion about the possible benefits—as well as potential negative social, ecological, and economic consequences—of urban trees. And finally, we introduce biodiversity conservation in urban green spaces through an exercise on native bees. After reading about the importance of, and threats to, native bees, students take on stakeholder roles to decide if their neighborhood should accept a grant to create and maintain bee habitat in an urban park. Students are tasked with conducting additional research and participating in a classroom town hall meeting to present and support their argument for or against the creation of native bee habitat.
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Kud, A. A. Figures and Tables. Reprinted from “Comprehensive сlassification of virtual assets”, A. A. Kud, 2021, International Journal of Education and Science, 4(1), 52–75. KRPOCH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26697/reprint.ijes.2021.1.6.a.kud.
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Figure. Distributed Ledger Token Accounting System. Figure. Subjects of Social Relations Based on the Decentralized Information Platform. Figure. Derivativeness of a Digital Asset. Figure. Semantic Features of the Concept of a “Digital Asset” in Economic and Legal Aspects. Figure. Derivativeness of Polyassets and Monoassets. Figure. Types of Tokenized Assets Derived from Property. Figure. Visual Representation of the Methods of Financial and Management Accounting of Property Using Various Types of Tokenized Assets. Figure. Visual Representation of the Classification of Virtual Assets Based on the Complexity of Their Nature. Table. Comparison of Properties of Various Types of Virtual Assets of the Distributed Ledger Derivative of the Original Asset. Table. Main Properties and Parameters of Types of Tokenized Assets. Table. Classification of Virtual Assets as Tools for Implementing the Methods of Financial and Management Accounting of Property.
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Toivonen, Tuuli, Aina Brias Guinart, Johanna Eklund, Hästbacka Matti, Leppämäki Tatu, and Torkko Jussi. Potential of mobile big data for visitor monitoring : Report of the MOBICON workshop held in Helsinki 28.9.2023. Digital Geography Lab, University of Helsinki, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31885/2024.030501.
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The Changes in Nature Visitation and the Potential of Mobile Big Data for Visitor Monitoring workshop was held in Helsinki on 28.9.2023. We organized the workshop as part of the five-year MOBICON research project (Mobile Big Data for Understanding People in Nature - Detecting short- and long-term changes and their implications for biodiversity conservation) funded by Kone Foundation. The aim of the workshop was to collect expert opinions related to the changes in the recreational use of nature, the monitoring needs related to the changing visitations, and to discuss the possibilities of various new data sources to meet managerial information needs. Eight experts from different organisations (Metsähallitus, City of Helsinki, Uusimaa Recreation Area Association Uuvi and Suomen Latu r.y.) participated in the event. Prior to the workshop, the participants had answered a survey about their experiences and information needs related to the changing visitations. The discussion progressed from the results of the survey to more in-depth discussions. Below we summarize the key results from the discussions. The recreational use of nature was seen to be changing. Recreational use is increasing and its temporal rhythms are changing. At the same time, the visitor base becomes more diverse because of the general diversification of society and the fact that new user-groups have started to explore nature. Activities and ways of being in nature are also diversifying. Approaching the changes through four megatrends (social, environmental, political and technological changes). The social and environmental drivers of change were seen as the most important. social changes were identified to be related to the ageing of the population and the diversification of nature visitors. Climate change, as an environmental factor, was identified as the most important driver of change, impacting both nature but also human behaviour. Among the political drivers of change, particularly the increasing polarisation of society emerged in the discussion. In addition, political decisions relating to everyone's rights, biodiversity protection and resources directed for the management of recreational areas were seen as important. Technological changes were identified as important and this change taking place as part of the broader technologization of society. On the one hand, this general technologization increases the opportunities for access to and sharing of information. On the other hand, the increased ‘measurement culture’ also affects the amounts of recreational use, as people are aiming to reach their kilometer or step targets. The information needs of organisations were recognized to include 1) planning of management actions, 2) justifying one's own activities for securing funding and 3) informing visitors. Information is needed on visitor flows and their spatial and temporal distribution. In addition, information about the visitors themselves was considered necessary, especially as the visitor base is becoming more diverse. The workshop participants also expressed concern about those who do not visit recreational areas: how get more information about them and the factors that limit nature visits. Collecting visitor data was seen as expensive and time-consuming, which is why finding new kinds of data sources has potential. Mobile data was evaluated as an interesting source of information and its various aspects were discussed through a SWOT analysis. However, it was clear that in operational use, information must be reliable and easily accessible and some doubts were raised on the potential of mobile big data from this aspect. The event was organised by Aina Brias Guinart, Matti Hästbacka, Tatu Leppämäki, Jussi Torkko and Tuuli Toivonen. Johanna Eklund participated in the workshop from maternity leave. More information about the event or research can be found on the project's website or by e-mail to the project's researchers: mobicon-project@helsinki.fi. The MOBICON project will operate from 2022 to 2026 and it is funded by Kone Foundation. Website: https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/digital-geography-lab/projects/mobicon.
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Straub, Stéphane. Empirical Determinants of Good Institutions: Do We Know Anything? Inter-American Development Bank, June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011558.
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Abundant empirical evidence links well-functioning institutions and good governance to better economic and social outcomes. It is thus an important challenge to determine which conjunction of factors produces better institutions. Along this line, the objective of this paper is twofold. First, it examines the existing results of the literature on this matter in a critical way, tries to assess their robustness, and explores alternative methodology. Second, it makes use of a more comprehensive database, including all the aspects previously analyzed in a separate manner, to derive systematic empirical results. After discussing the traditional robustness checks employed, for example, in the empirical growth literature, which appear to be of limited usefulness, we introduce factor analysis as a preliminary step toward model specification and subsequently perform multiple regression analysis. Of the four levels of explanation that we identify, namely control and historical variables, the nature of the political game, the size and nature of existing rents to be allocated, and the nature and quality of bureaucratic incentives, the later appears to be the more clearly linked to institutional quality. However, the results prove not robust when dealing with endogeneity problems. Various kinds of interactions and non-linear effects are also investigated, yielding no clear insights. We conclude regarding the fragility of existing data, in particular with respect to the incentive structure, and the need for a better theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Ahammad, Ronju, and Francisco X. Aguilar. Socio-economic indicators for the assessment of sustainability in the Swedish forest sector, and linkages with the national environmental quality objectives. SLU Future forests, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.6cbejge10k.
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Sweden’s Environmental Quality Objectives (EQOs) have been adopted to help describe the environment the country wishes to achieve, and are a promise to future generations of clean air, a healthy living environment, and rich opportunities to enjoy nature. Here, we assessed selected socio-economic indicators adapted from the Montréal Process for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests (MP) to examine trends in the Swedish forest sector of direct relevance to the EQOs. We did this with the aim of raising awareness about important socio-economic dimensions related to the EQOs, and to explore the linkages between the EQOs and the forest bioeconomy. We focused on the forest sector because of its central importance to meeting the EQOs, and fundamental social and economic roles it plays in Swedish society. The MP was chosen as our guiding framework because it was developed to assess national-level sustainable forest conservation and management, thus, incorporating critical economic, environmental and social dimensions. We applied a mixed methods approach based on a literature review, analyses of national and multilateral databases, and consultation with experts to identify and interpret selected indicators. We identified forest sector socio-economic indicators relevant to the EQOs related to forest property and ownership, economic value and consumption of wood and wood products, employment, wood energy, access to greenery, per capita forest availability, and cultural values. Interpretation of national-level indicators estimated for the 2000-2020 period point to overall progress toward maintaining forest conservation and production areas and a sector that has added substantial economic value through the processing of wood and wood products. Forests are an importance source of renewable energy and increasingly support the location of non-wood energy sources through the placement of wind power mills across forested lands. Downward trends were observed in fewer forest owners, a shrinking workforce, and per capita forest area which might be explained by processes of bequeathing, higher industry efficiencies and continued population growth. Selected indicators related to production forests, wood energy, per capita protected forests and cultural importance suggest these can directly support relevant EQOs including living forests, limited climate impact, rich plant and animal life. Through exports and hiring foreign workers, the Swedish forest sector has kept a direct linkage with the consumption of wood products abroad and in supporting economic wellbeing in lesser-developed nations through wages from forestry and non-wood seasonal employment, respectively. There is limited current information on cultural aspects such as heritage values and reindeer herding. Available data suggest a declining trend in damages to cultural remains within forest felling areas. We recommend regular and periodic assessment of the cultural and conservation values for Swedish forests to strengthen the ability to assess social and ecological sustainability relevant to the EQOs.
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Marshall, Katherine. Towards Enriching Understandings and Assessments of Freedom of Religion or Belief: Politics, Debates, Methodologies, and Practices. Institute of Development Studies, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.001.
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Promoting the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is a foreign policy priority for several countries, their concerns accentuated by considerable evidence of rising levels of violations of this right worldwide. This puts a premium on solid evidence and on clear assessment criteria to serve as objective guides for policy. This paper reviews the complex landscape of approaches to assessing and measuring both the status of FoRB and the degree to which this human right is being violated or protected. It introduces and describes various transnational methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative, which focus, in differing ways, on violations. Several are widely cited and have express policy applications, while others have more indirect application to FoRB. The analysis highlights the diversity of approaches, which both reflect and contribute to a tendency to politicise FoRB issues. Challenges include differing understandings of the nature and relative significance of violations and their comparability. Country analysis is crucial because the specific context has vital importance for a granular appreciation for causes and impact of FoRB violations. This granularity, however, is poorly reflected in broader quantitative transnational and time series indices that highlight trends and comparative impact. The review highlights the limited degree to which FoRB issues, specifically violations and religiously related discrimination, are integrated in the policies and practice of development approaches (including social change and progress towards wellbeing) internationally and nationally. Effective approaches to addressing violations are few and far between, especially at the international level. The review notes strengths and weaknesses of specific approaches to assessment and reflects on possible improvements focused on development challenges and better integration among aspects of human rights.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Mayfield, Colin. Capacity Development in the Water Sector: the case of Massive Open On-line Courses. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/mwud6984.
Full textAbstract:
The Sustainable Development Goal 6 targets are all dependent on capacity development as outlined in SDG 6a “Expand international cooperation and capacity-building support to developing countries in water- and sanitation related activities and programmes “. Massive Open On-line Courses (MOOCs) and distance learning in general have a significant role to play in this expansion. This report examines the role that MOOCs and similar courses could play in capacity development in the water sector. The appearance of MOOCs in 2010/11 led within 4 years to a huge increase in this type of course and in student enrollment. Some problems with student dropout rates, over-estimating the transformational and disruptive nature of MOOCs and uncertain business models remain, but less “massive” MOOCs with more engaged students are overcoming these problems. There are many existing distance learning courses and programmes in the water sector designed to train and/ or educate professionals, operators, graduate and undergraduate students and, to a lesser extent, members of communities dealing with water issues. There are few existing true MOOCs in the water sector. MOOCs could supply significant numbers of qualified practitioners for the water sector. A suite of programmes on water-related topics would allow anyone to try the courses and determine whether they were appropriate and useful. If they were, the students could officially enroll in the course or programme to gain a meaningful qualification or simply to upgrade their qualifications. To make MOOCs more relevant to education and training in the water sector an analysis of the requirements in the sector and the potential demand for such courses is required. Cooperation between institutions preparing MOOCs would be desirable given the substantial time and funding required to produce excellent quality courses. One attractive model for cooperation would be to produce modules on all aspects of water and sanitation dealing with technical, scientific, social, legal and management topics. These should be produced by recognized experts in each field and should be “stand-alone” or complete in themselves. If all modules were made freely available, users or mentors could assemble different MOOCs by linking relevant modules. Then extracts, simplified or less technical versions of the modules could then be used to produce presentations to encourage public participation and for other training purposes. Adaptive learning, where course materials are more tailored to individual students based on their test results and reactions to the material, can be an integral part of MOOCs. MOOCs efficiently provide access to quality courses at low or no cost to students around the world, they enable students to try courses at their convenience, they can be tailored to both professional and technical aspects, and they are very suitable to provide adaptive learning courses. Cooperation between institutions would provide many course modules for the water sector that collectively could provide excellent programmes to address the challenges of capacity development for SDG 6 and other issues within the water sector.