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1
Duncan, John C. "Nature, history and critical theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0012/NQ33530.pdf.
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Hall, Julie Maria. "Nature, frequency and natural history of intracranial cavernous malformations in adults." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9532.
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Scottish Intracranial Vascular Malformation Study was the first prospective, population-based study of the major types of intracranial vascular malformations; arteriovenous, cavernous and venous malformations including dural fistulae and carotid-cavernous fistulae. It was based in Scotland and designed in 1998 by my supervisor Professor Charles Warlow and the first Research Fellow Dr Rustam Al-Shahi supported by the SIVMS steering committee (www.saivms.scot.nhs.uk). Recruitment and follow-up began in January 1999. Recruitment and follow-up of all vascular malformation types was done by Dr Al-Shahi until March 2002 and this role then transferred to me in April 2002 until I left in August 2004. The main duties of the Research Fellow were to collect and review all the clinical material of cases notified to SIVMS and arbitrate with the relevant expertise where there was doubt whether the case met the criteria for inclusion in SIVMS. Apart from my clinical responsibilities in recruitment and follow-up, the post also involved supervision of the part-time study administrator and also weekly meetings with the study programmer. I was also responsible for convening and presenting updates of the study progress weekly to my supervisor Professor Charles Warlow, biannually to the Study steering committee meetings, and annually to my funding body, the Stroke Association. This Research Fellowship also allowed me to gain an appreciation of the efforts needed to sustain collaborators’ interest in a long running study and I made presentations to improve the profile of the study on the national and international stage. For my duration as the SIVMS Research Fellow, I recruited and followed-up all types of newly diagnosed intracranial vascular malformations (IVMs). This thesis, however, is based solely on the incident intracranial cavernous malformations (ICMs) recruited to the study by both Dr Al-Shahi and myself between January 1999 and December 2003. The follow-up data in this thesis were that available to me on August 31st 2004. The data cleaning and the analysis for this thesis has been performed by me alone under the supervision of Professor Warlow. Although the core study design was well-established and tested prior to my involvement with SIVMS, I did divise new studies such as the Sensitivity and Specificity of MRI in the diagnosis of intracranial CMs. This cavernoma imaging study was a separate study designed, executed and analysed by myself, a medical student Sue Liong, the Cavernoma Imaging Study Group [appendix 1] with guidance from Professor Warlow, Dr Al-Shahi, Dr Andrew Farrall (consultant neuroradiologist) and Dr Steff Lewis (Medical Statistician). Computing support was provided by Aidan Hutchison (SIVMS programmer).
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Finnane, Gabrielle. "Second nature : artifice and history in film." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/28326.
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The thesis comprises a screen play for a one hour film and dissertation examining artistic issues in the intersection of biography and history in fictional films. The aim was firstly to broaden the definition of what is involved in filming historical fictions, in terms of how both characters and historical settings are conceived. Secondly the work explores the artifice of historical representation on the screen through case studies of films which are experiments in filming history and biography. Thirdly both the screenplay and the dissertation consider the implication of fictions which deal with minor historical figures. Primarily the thesis elucidates conceptions of historical artiface in the cinema advanced by films themselves, films which had either a paradigmatic or an idiosyncratic role in the development of certain artistic practices. Films, like works of written fiction, have in many respects invented new meanings for, and associations with, the past. The thesis concludes that the different conceptions of historical artiface embodied in fictional films have implications for our sense of the past.
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Finnane, Gabrielle. "Second nature : artifice and history in film /." View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030909.115616/index.html.
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Davies, Gail. "Networks of nature : stories of natural history film-making from the BBC." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1998. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/5188/.
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In May 1953 the first natural history television programme was broadcast from Bristol by naturalist Peter Scott and radio producer Desmond Hawkins. By 1997 the BBC's Natural History Unit has established a global reputation for wildlife films, providing a keystone of the BBC's public service broadcasting charter, playing an important strategic role in television scheduling and occupying a prominent position in a competitive world film market. The BBC's blue-chip natural history programmes regularly bring images of wildlife from all over the globe to British audiences of over 10 million. This thesis traces the changing aesthetics, ethics and economics of natural history film-making at the BBC over this period. It uses archive material, interviews and participant observation to look at how shifting relationships between broadcasting values, scientific and film-making practices are negotiated by individuals within the Unit. Engaging with vocabularies from geography, media studies and science studies, the research contextualises these popular representations of nature within a history of post-war British attitudes to nature and explores the importance of technology, animals and conceptions of the public sphere as additional actors influencing the relationships between nature and culture. This history charts the construction of the actor networks of the Natural History Unit by film-makers and broadcasters as they seek to incorporate and exclude certain practices, technologies and discourses of nature. These networks provide the resources, values and constraints which members of the Unit negotiate to seek representation within the Unit, and present challenges as the Unit seeks to preserve its institutional identity as these networks shift. The thesis tells a series of stories of natural history film-making that reflect one institution's contributions and responses to the contemporary formations of nature, science, the media and modernity.
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Kelsch, Paul Joseph. "Cultivating natural history : the construction of nature in four American forest landscapes." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401729.
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Daigle, Cheryl Perusse. "A Portfolio of Science and Nature Writing." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DaigleCP2002.pdf.
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Perinetti, Dario. "Hume, history and the science of human nature." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38509.
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This thesis sets out to show that a philosophical reflection on history is, in the strongest possible way, an essential feature of Hume's project of a science of human nature: a philosophical investigation of human nature, for Hume, cannot be successful independently of an understanding of the relation of human beings to their history. Hume intended to criticize traditional metaphysics by referring all knowledge to experience. But it is almost always assumed that Hume means by "experience" the result of an individual's past sense perception or personal observation. Accordingly, Hume's criticism of traditional metaphysics is taken to lead to an individualistic conception of knowledge and human nature. In this thesis I claim that this picture of Hume's "empiricism" is simply wrong. He is not a philosopher who reduces "experience" to the merely private happenings within a personal psychology. On the contrary, Hume has a wider notion of experience, one that includes not only personal observation and memory, but, fundamentally, one that includes implicit knowledge of human history. Experience, so understood, brings about what I term a historical point of view, namely, the point of view of someone who seeks to extend his experience as far as it is possible in order to acquire the capacity to produce more nuanced and impartial judgments in any given practice. It is precisely this historical point of view that enables us to depart from the individualistic perspective that we would otherwise be bound to adopt not only in epistemology but, most significantly, in politics, in social life, in religion, etc.Chapter 1 presents the historical background against which Hume elaborates his views of history's role in philosophy. Chapter 2 discusses and criticizes the individualist reading of Hume by showing that he had a satisfactory account of beliefs formed via human testimony. Chapter 3 presents a view of Hume on explanation that underscores his interest in practical and informal explanations as those of history. Chapter 4 provides a discussion of Hume's notion of historical experience in relation both to his theory of perception and to his project of a "science of man."
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Freeberg, Andrew Harding. "Spectacular Nature: applying the 'cinema of attactions' to the natural history film genre." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/freeberg/FreebergA1208.pdf.
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The natural history film genre has long been reliant on the commoditizing of nature's beauty as visual spectacle. Associating Tom Gunning's "cinema of attractions" to the nature film genre therefore is an appropriate way to dissect the techniques that maintain its popularity. After understanding the basic rhetorical traditions that nature films employ, it is revealed how the same outdated and over-idealized portrayals of nature continue to be recycled as new technology in methods of production and exhibition continually reinvent the nature film experience.
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Coffin, Tammis. "Finding Poetry in Nature." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/CoffinT2001.pdf.
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Green, N. P. "The nature of the Bourgeoisie : Nature, art and cultural class formation in nineteenth century France." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372753.
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Buller, Cornelius A. "The unity of nature and history in Pannenberg's theology /." Lanham (Md.) ; London : Littlefield Adams books, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374990780.
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Roy, Travis Brandon. "The Edutainer: Walt Disney, Nature Films, and American Understandings of Nature in the Twentieth Century." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/345277.
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HistoryM.A.
Throughout much of the twentieth century Walt Disney wielded considerable influence in American culture. By identifying and commercially exploiting a strain of environmental thought that sentimentalized and romanticized nature, Walt Disney influenced the attitudes of millions of Americans concerning how they conceptualized environmental issues. The Walt Disney Company’s nature documentaries and their popularity as both entertainment as well as educational material helped disseminate the virtues of conservation within the American mindset. The Disney interpretation of conservation clashed with other post-war environmental understandings of the ethic, as did the company’s consistently inaccurate representations of nature on film. Disney’s particular strain of environmentalism, based on an Edenic appreciation for nature, the belief that to conserve land it must be developed, and practice of moralizing to humans through anthropomorphized depictions of animal behavior, stood out in contrast to other existing post-war environmental mindsets during the controversy surrounded the proposed construction of a vacation resort in Mineral King, California, following Disney’s death.
Temple University--Theses
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Withers, Kristine. "Detachment 101: a microcosm of the evolutionary nature of warfare." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8854.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of History
Mark P. Parillo
Detachment 101's experiences provide a microcosm view of the evolutionary nature of warfare, and also demonstrates the understanding of Fourth Generational Warfare concepts by the Detachment.
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Strömsten, Henrik. "Military and Nature : An environmental history of Swedish military landscapes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302652.
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This thesis, an environmental history of a selected number of Swedish military training environments, is based on observation of military landscapes with a permanent presence of military-related objects and activities, all of which leave their traces in the environment, and how continued military activity is legitimised with environmental arguments. By also observing military policies and documents, I look into how the Swedish military frame their own training environments, and how ‘environmentalist’ discourses is adopted to justify past and present activities. The military landscapes must also be considered in a wider context of geopolitics and security; hence I also include an historical analysis of military land appropriation and defense policy in Sweden. An important contribution with this thesis, besides provide a Swedish context to studies of military landscapes, lies also in testing a historical ecological framework in analyses and methods when approaching research on military landscapes, as I consider this thesis as a pilot-project on Swedish military landscapes providing incentives for further studies. The Swedish military landscapes studied in this thesis have both a centennial and decadal presence of military activities. Some training sites such as Marma and Revinge, which are also Natura 2000 areas, have had a military presence since the 19th century, and the various military structures and buildings promote a kind of military biography, an identity tied to landscapes, reinforcing military presence. The presentation of military sites as ecological refuges for rare species and habitats is evident in the management plans for the studied landscapes. The way military space is understood, legitimised and produced from the perspectives of the military policy level is, as I will argue, centred on two core motivations. First, it is that military presence in a landscape is the product of a militarisation processes, considering a geopolitical context and defense policies. The military presence has long-term effects in form of an alteration of physical nature and development of a high biodiversity. Second, the long-term positive effects, enhances an environmentalist discourse within the military when it comes to legitimise past and present military space, and to justify a continued military presence in a landscape.Denna uppsats, en miljöhistoria av ett utvalt antal svenska militära övningsområden, är baserat på en observation av militära landskap med en permanent närvaro av militärrelaterade objekt och aktiviteter vilka lämnar sina spår i miljön, och hur fortsatt militär aktivitet legitimeras genom miljöargument. Jag analyserar militära riktlinjer och dokument, för att se på hur svensk militär förhåller sig till dess övningsområden, och hur diskurser om miljövård används för att motivera fortsatt militär aktivitet. De militära landskapen bör studeras i en större geopolitisk säkerhetskontext; därför inkluderar jag också en historisk studie av svensk försvarspolitik och militära markanskaffningar. En viktig insats med denna uppsats, förutom att bidra med en svensk kontext till militära landskapsstudier, är att testa ett historiskt-ekologiskt ramverk i analys och metod vid studier av militära landskap då jag anser att denna uppsats är ett pilot-projekt för militära landskapsstudier i Sverige och ger incitament till vidare forskning i ämnet. De svenska militära landskapen som studeras här har upp till en hundraårig närvaro av militär aktivitet. Vissa övnings- och skjutfält såsom Marma och Revingehed, vilka också är Natura 2000- områden, har haft militär aktivitet sedan slutet av 1800- talet, och de varierande militära ytorna och byggnaderna främjar en militär biografi, en identitet knuten till landskapet, vilken förstärker fortsatt militär närvaro. Presentationen av de militära fälten som ekologiska refuger av sällsynta arter och habitat är uppenbar i skötsel- och vårdplanerna av de studerade landskapen. Sättet som det militära landskapet förstås, legitimeras och produceras ur militärperspektiv i policy och dokument är, som jag kommer argumentera, koncentrerade kring två faktorer. För det första, militär närvaro i ett landskap är ett resultat av en militariseringsprocess baserat på en geopolitisk kontext och försvarsbeslut. Militär närvaro har en långsiktig effekt i form av en förändring av den fysiska naturen och utvecklingen av en biologisk mångfald. För det andra, de långsiktiga positiva effekterna underbygger en naturvårdsdiskurs inom militären när det kommer till att motivera dåtida och nuvarande militär landskapsanvändning, och för att rättfärdiga en fortsatt militär närvaro.
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Michor, Daniel J. "People in Nature: Environmental History of the Kennebec River, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MichorDJ2003.pdf.
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Kim, Sun Young. "Genetics instruction with history of science nature of science learning /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1186971775.
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Thuraisingam, Pamela Chellappah. "Nature of talk and interaction in the Singapore history classroom." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1316.
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History is a complex subject. It is more propositional than procedural in nature (Nichol, 1984), and involves adductive thinking (Booth, 1983), where historical evidence and facts are 'teased out' and a convincing account of the past is then reconstructed through speculation, imagination and empathy (Nichol, 1984; Booth, 1983). The teaching and learning of history should not just be the transmission of knowledge, but rather it should involve a process whereby students and teachers interact in order to analyze evidence, raise questions and hypotheses, synthesize facts, and communicate their ideas, understand others' viewpoints, consider values, reflect and engage in moral reasoning (Brophy, 1996). It is through this interaction that development of thinking in history will occur (Coltnam, 1975). The main focus of the research is on the language used in the history classroom, particularly during critical episodes when the teachers and students appeared to be engaged in the process of historical thinking. This research is particularly concerned with historical thought embedded in the language used in history classrooms. To investigate this, both high and low inference coding systems were adopted to code, describe and analyze the verbal behaviour that occurred. The data were gathered in six classes from schools in Singapore. They constituted two classes of above average students (Special stream), two classes of average students (Express stream) and two classes of below average (Normal stream) students. Audio and video recordings were made of two lessons from each of the six classes. These lessons were transcribed, coded and analyzed to ascertain which contexts were more conducive for the production of higher order thought. It was found that a complex interrelationship of factors including pedagogic activity, type of teacher talk and student talk, and even more importantly the interaction between them, determined whether or not there was historical thinking. The findings revealed that there was historical thinking when explicit and implicit contact was established during interaction between the teacher and the students. For explicit contact to he made the teacher and the students needed to be language game (Wittgenstein, 1972). This is where the teacher made those moves that elicited student responses that demonstrated historical thinking. For implicit contact to be made the element of voice (as in the concept of “voice” described in Bakhtin's theory on the dual-voicing and polyphony) becomes essential. During such episodes the teacher mediated between the characters in history, his or her own talk and that of the students. These responses which were often dramatised, the teacher used first and second person forms (dual voicing) to evoke empathy and imagination. In doing so they also engaged in a dialogic interaction with the characters of the past and there was back channelling. There were evidences of such dialogues in all the Special, Express and Normal stream lessons but in various contexts. These dialogues reveal that the nature of talk and interaction is distinct to the subject history.
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Prendergast, Neil. "American Holidays, A Natural History." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204910.
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This dissertation examines the production and consumption of nature in middle-class American holidays. Focusing on the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it follows the creation of new symbols and practices associated with Easter, the Fourth of July, Thanksgiving and Christmas. In each of these holidays, members of the middle class used nature to narrate their new identity as Americans belonging less to local, regional, or ethnic communities and more to the nuclear family and the nation. In Thanksgiving, the turkey became an important symbol in the antebellum era, the same period in which the Easter rabbit was born, the Fourth of July picnic became popular, and the Christmas tree rose to prominence. These trends resulted from the middle-class desire to make the home an idealized private life complete with its own rituals and symbols that separated it from the public life of the street. While the middle class retreated into its imagined private sphere, it did so while simultaneously claiming that their families represented the core building blocks of the nation. By conflating family and nation, the middle class generated a large demand for the physical goods that made such symbolic meaning manifest--in particular, Thanksgiving turkeys and Christmas trees. Reproducing these plants and animals, however, created agroecological problems, including crop diseases. While middle-class family holidays reinforce the scales of popular culture and mass agriculture, they do so only tenuously.
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McCrum, Elizabeth M. "Teaching history in postmodern times : history teachers' thinking about the nature and purposes of their subject." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6266/.
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This thesis investigates how secondary school history teachers at the start of their teaching careers view the nature and purposes of their subject and how they think these views impact on their practice. Data were collected through in depth individual qualitative interviews with eleven teachers completing their initial training. These focused on: how these beginning teachers conceived of the nature of their discipline; the rationale they presented for the purposes of their subject in the school curriculum; the origins of their views on the nature and purposes of history; and how they are manifest in what and how they teach. In order to maintain coherence and to represent the richness and complexity of each teacher's own story these were written, analysed and presented as narrative accounts. A summary is given of each the accounts with three presented in full. The accounts show these beginning history teachers' views on the nature of history as reflecting the dominant discourse that characterises history as an academic subject, being largely Constructionist and emphasising the objective analysis of historical evidence. The teachers' rationales for the purpose of history emphasised broader educational, social and moral purposes. More postmodern perspectives are apparent in the emphasis given to the importance of historical interpretations. Family background, lived experiences, literature and the media are significant influences on the teachers' beliefs about the nature and purposes of history. These beliefs seem to impact on classroom practice and pupil learning in the subject. They influence teaching style, choice of learning activities and the areas of historical understanding emphasised, with, for example, views of the past as an uncontested body of knowledge leading to a pedagogy dominated by the transmission of substantive knowledge; and views which emphasise the more constructed nature of history leading to more pupil centred skills based approaches. Teachers' views on the nature and purpose of the subject are a significant influence on their mediation of the National Curriculum. The National Curriculum for History has increasingly provided opportunities for interpretations more sympathetic to the postmodern orientation but research and inspection evidence suggest that these opportunities are often poorly realised in schools. One reason for this is proposed as history teachers' lack of engagement with postmodern perspectives on history. It is important for teachers to engage with such approaches as without further consideration of their implications history teachers are unable to teach aspects of secondary History. Teachers also need to recognise and make explicit different orientations towards history in order to facilitate pupil learning, to engage pupils and to provide them with the skills necessary to be critical consumers of the range of histories presented to them in society. The research has implications for history teaching, pupil learning and the initial training and professional development of teachers. The case is made for further consideration being given to postmodern perspectives on the nature of history in initial and continuing teacher education in order to improve teaching and learning. The initial teacher education of history teachers needs to ensure that those on programmes have the syntactical knowledge necessary to develop effective teaching strategies and approaches, to enable pupil learning, and to develop their own subject knowledge and ability to reflect on their own practice and development. This research also emphasises the need for all those involved in training to critically engage with subject orientations as where beginning teachers' beliefs conflict with the dominant discourse of history teaching this can lead to problematic experiences of teaching and of teacher training.
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Thornton, Helen Clare. "State of nature or Eden? : Thomas Hobbes and his contemporaries on the natural condition of human beings." Thesis, University of Hull, 2001. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3531.
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Billinge, Richard. "Nature, grace and religious liberty in Restoration England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:18c8815b-4e57-45f5-b2c1-e31314a09d4f.
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This thesis demonstrates the importance of scholastic philosophy and natural law to the theory of religious uniformity and toleration in Seventeenth-Century England. Some of the most influential apologetic tracts produced by the Church of England, including Richard Hooker's Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Robert Sanderson's Ten lectures on humane conscience and Samuel Parker A discourse of ecclesiastical politie are examined and are shown to belong to a common Anglican tradition which emphasized aspects of scholastic natural law theory in order to refute pleas for ceremonial diversity and liberty of conscience. The relationship of these ideas to those of Hobbes and Locke are also explored. Studies of Seventeenth-Century ideas about conformity and toleration have often stressed the reverence people showed the individual conscience, and the weight they attributed to the examples of the magistrates of Israel and Judah. Yet arguments for and against uniformity and toleration might instead resolve themselves into disputes about the role of natural law within society, or the power of human laws over the conscience. In this the debate about religious uniformity could acquire a very philosophical and sometimes theological tone. Important but technical questions about moral obligation, metaphysics and theology are demonstrated to have played an important role in shaping perceptions of magisterial power over religion. These ideas are traced back to their roots in scholastic philosophy and the Summa of Aquinas. Scholastic theories about conscience, law, the virtues, human action and the distinction between nature and grace are shown to have animated certain of the Church's more influential apologists and their dissenting opponents. The kind of discourse surrounding toleration and liberty of conscience is thus shown to be very different than sometimes supposed. Perceptions of civil and ecclesiastical power were governed by a set of ideas and concerns that have hitherto not featured prominently in the literature about the development of religious toleration.
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Brockmann, Sophie Bettina. "Surveying nature : the creation and communication of natural-historical knowledge in Enlightenment Central America." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708150.
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Weber, Jerry Dean. "The Concept of Human Nature in New England." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625414.
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Hiemenz, Vanessa Serrao. "Reflexive filmmaking for wildlife and nature films." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/hiemenz/HiemenzV0809.pdf.
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Historically, wildlife and nature filmmakers have embraced the expository mode of filmmaking and a realistic style, attempting to influence their audience with compelling arguments. However, while their scripts may call for activism, their expository, realistic style, with hidden production methods, an authoritative tone, and pristine visuals, instead encourages voyeurism. In addition, standard theater and television distribution methods offer no outlet for action to viewers who do feel inspired. I offer a different model for influence in my wildlife series Nature Break: reflexive filmmaking. In this series I use such reflexive strategies to critique the voyeuristic way in which spectators consume wildlife and nature films. However, critiquing passive spectators with reflexivity is not the same as creating active spectators. Therefore, with Nature Break I go beyond simply making and distributing a film. Additionally, I will create a related website on the Internet as a platform for viewers to post their own films, discuss issues inspired by films on the site, and coordinate activism efforts. Through Internet distribution, the Nature Break series can finally live up to the reflexive filmmaker's goal of creating an art that leads to activism.
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Green, Katie Elizabeth. "The Mirror of Nature: Chesapeake Perceptions of Wilderness, 1650-1787." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05092008-234936/.
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This paper examines attitudes toward wilderness in the Chesapeake from 1650 to 1787. Traditionally scholars have argued that responses to wilderness during this time period were more ideological than pragmatic, but this paper argues the opposite, using as case studies four accounts by Chesapeake residents: The Discovery of New Brittaine (1650), by Edward Bland; The History and Present State of Virginia (1705), by Robert Beverley, The History of the Dividing Line Betwixt Virginia and North Carolina (1728), by William Byrd II; and Notes on the State of Virginia (1787), by Thomas Jefferson. Religious and intellectual views were not the primary influences of these responses; instead, settlers assessed wilderness according to the material value of its resources. This mode of evaluation perhaps stemmed from the pressures of a tobacco economy.
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Grunert, Jonathan D. "Strict Fidelity to Nature: Scientific Taxidermy, U.S. Natural History Museums, and Craft Consensus, 1880s to 1930s." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95836.
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As taxidermy increased in prominence in American natural history museums in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the idea of trying to replicate nature through mounts and displays became increasingly central. Crude practices of overstuffing skins gave way to a focus on the artistic modelling of animal skins over a sculpted plaster and papier-mâché form to create scientifically accurate and aesthetically pleasing mounts, a technique largely developed at Ward's Natural Science Establishment in Rochester, New York. Many of Ward's taxidermists utilized their authority in taxidermy practices as they formally organized into the short-lived Society of American Taxidermists (1880-1883) before moving into positions in natural history museums across the United States.
Through examinations of published and archival museum materials, as well as historic mounts, I argue that taxidermists at these museums reached an unspoken consensus concerning how their mounts would balance pleasing aesthetics with scientific accuracy, while adjusting their practices as they considered the priorities of numerous stakeholders. Taxidermists negotiated through administrative priorities, legacies of prominent craftsmen, and a battery of instructive materials, all claiming some authority as to what proper taxidermy could—and should—be. The shifts in taxidermy authority revealed truths about what taxidermy could mean, questions of how taxidermists identified themselves within the profession and to outsiders, practices for presenting taxidermy to museum visitors, and techniques for representing nature.
This project traces the paths of consensus for developing techniques to construct museum taxidermy from the 1883 end of the S.A.T until the founding of the Technical Section of the American Association of Museums (AAM) in 1929. Two critics who book-end this project—Robert Wilson Shufeldt, an army doctor, naturalist, and museum critic, and Lawrence Vail Coleman, director of preparation and exhibition, American Museum of Natural History, and director of the American Association of Museums—identified similar characteristics that suggest a like-minded approach as to what constituted proper museum taxidermy among museum taxidermists. Museum taxidermy carried with it a set of characteristics: accuracy and a pleasing aesthetic for Shufeldt; feeling, unity, action, balance, reality, and size for Coleman. These two sets of criteria complemented each other as they reified consensus. What complicated this finding was that taxidermists themselves did not acknowledge them specifically, only relating to them in passing, if at all. Regardless, taxidermic practice seemed to be consistent across these decades.
This study complicates the nature of scientific representation, in that it focuses a great deal on its artistry. Museum taxidermy is supposed to be an instructional tool, guiding museum visitors in the way they approach nature, and especially how they see animals, and focusing on teaching the science of animal behavior, biodiversity, and habitat, to name a few. It is a scientific object, representing the most up-to-date research in the field, but consensus surrounding it is not scientifically measurable. Instead, taxidermy consensus happened in hallways and back rooms (both literal and metaphorical), with little written down, and the mounts as the most substantial evidence that is had been achieved. Nevertheless, taxidermists negotiated the array of stakeholders present—museum administrators, naturalists, collectors, and the public—as they fashioned mounts that were both accurate and aesthetically pleasing representations of animal lives.Doctor of Philosophy
In this project I look at museum taxidermy in United States natural history museums, from the 1880s to 1930s. In that 50-year span, taxidermy practices coalesced around a primary technique for mounting animal skins, using a wooden form and papier-mâché as the structure for stretching the skin over it. But there was more to this consensus than using the same techniques, as two critics who book-end this project—Robert Wilson Shufeldt, an army doctor, naturalist, museum critic, etc., and Lawrence Vail Coleman, director of preparation and exhibition, American Museum of Natural History, and director of the American Association of Museums—identified similar characteristics that suggest a like-minded approach as to what constituted proper museum taxidermy among museum taxidermists. I argue in this project that taxidermists reached an unspoken consensus around their craft that balanced scientific accuracy with a pleasing aesthetic, to achieve mounts that would be both scientifically meaningful and not off-putting to museum visitors. Museum taxidermy carried with it a set of characteristics: accuracy and a pleasing aesthetic for Shufeldt; feeling, unity, action, balance, reality, and size for Coleman. And these two complement each other as they reify consensus. What complicated this finding was that taxidermists themselves did not acknowledge them specifically, only relating to them in passing, if at all. Regardless, taxidermy seemed to be consistent across these decades. This study complicates the nature of scientific representation, in that it focuses a great deal on its artistic nature. Museum taxidermy is supposed to be an instructional tool, guiding museum visitors in the way they approach nature, and especially how they see animals. Museum taxidermy generally shies away from terrifying visitors with animal size and ferocity, focusing instead on teaching the science of animal behavior, biodiversity, and habitat, to name a few. In this sense, it is a scientific object, representing the most up-to-date research in the field. Consensus in the realm of taxidermy, and in scientific representation more broadly, is not scientific consensus, but more consistent with an artistic approach, like a posteriori recognitions of characteristics unique to artists or artistic movements. Taxidermy consensus happened in hallways and back rooms, with little written down, and the mounts as the most substantial evidence. Nevertheless, taxidermists negotiated the array of stakeholders present—museum administrators, naturalists, collectors, and the public—as they consistently made these mounts both accurate and aesthetically pleasing. And they still make sense when we see them, as they can be repurposed to tell new stories consistent with current understandings of animal lives.
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Wu, Aaron. "Sustaining international law : history, nature, and the politics of global ordering." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3845/.
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This thesis investigates how the natural environment is conceptualised in international law. Environmental campaigners typically place great faith in the discipline's ability to restrain the onset of growing 'global' problems: such as species extinctions, clearing of forests, pollution, and climate change. Law has traditionally been a key domain for efforts to regulate, and curb, these problems. While a vast body of existing literature assesses the effectiveness and adequacy of these initiatives, this dissertation takes a different approach. It explores particular visions of the natural environment that inform such initiatives. I will proceed from the premise that international law, rather than merely reflecting the natural environment, shapes how we perceive it. With this in mind, I will investigate a selection of stories that international law tells about the natural environment, and consider the different, competing stories it deprivileges. The key question is: what role has international law played in making certain ways of thinking about nature come to seem normal or intuitive, and how does this affect efforts to curb environmental harms? Adopting historical and philosophical approaches informed by critical approaches to law, I will show how dominant manifestations of nature are articulated-and sustained-with regard to ideas of mastery and resources, national economies and conservation, the (human) environment, sustainable development, the green economy, and natural capital. I will use insights from radical ecological and postcolonial theory to highlight the ramifications of such conceptualisations. My discussion will focus on a series of key episodes in the history of international environmental law, as well as on the work of prominent scholars and institutions in the field of international environmental law. I will argue that international law is constrained in its efforts to deal with environmental problems insofar as the discipline is itself complicit in the use, abuse, and subjugation of environments. Furthermore, I will contend that the idea of the environment is continually reconstructed and repositioned, in ways that sustain a certain relationship, or form of global ordering. As we shall observe, debates in international fora over the scope and meaning of the environment fostered anxieties about the degree to which it was being adequately protected. Yet, I will suggest, these were neutralised-or co-opted-in ways that reinforced dominant logics. Put simply, international law and institutions have sustained a narrow understanding-or framing-of the environment. Ultimately, it has confined the outcomes of environmental policies to a set of largely predetermined outcomes. This undermines international law's contingency and potential dynamism. Added to this, is the implication that such framings are designed to preserve the power and privilege of a small minority of the world's peoples.
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Smurr, Robert Welling. "Perceptions of nature, expressions of nation : an environmental history of Estonia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10338.
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Milthorpe, Peter. "The History and Vegetation of Nombinnie and Round Hill Nature Reserve." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554319.
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Leone, Steven. "Grave Concerns: Decay, Death, and Nature in the Early Republic." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23829.
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While multiple questions drive this project, one fundamental query lays at its center. How did American approaches to mortality, their own and others, during the early national period (roughly 1770 to 1850) shape both their understanding of themselves and their environment? The answer to that question exposes a distinct set of values revolving around preparation for death, and acknowledgment and respect for their own (and others mortality), which Americans imbibed from various and disparate sources. More specifically, the first half of the project examines how the letters they wrote and read, the sermons they listened to, the mourning rituals they practiced, the burial grounds they utilized, and the novels and poetry they consumed all combined to create a shared knowledge base and approach to death during the early republic. Uniquely, these principles found strength through a conscious linking of mortality to the natural world. Americans understood their own death as part of a larger, both positive and negative, perfected natural system created and perpetuated by God.
The American approach towards mortality, however, was not static and the nineteenth century bore witness to the emergence of a sentimentalized, sanitized, and less human inclusive vision of mortality during 1830s and beyond. Ironically, nature remained central to the way Americans experienced death, however, in a consciously aesthetic, romantic, controlled manner. It is written into the present where rolling and manicured lawns combine together with still ponds to create bucolic scenes of peaceful rest among scenes of beauty. The old, grim, but no less natural lessons of worms, dirt, decay, and dissolution no longer hold sway, ignoring the vital and humbling connection between human bodies and the natural world that was understood in the early republic. This shift (and the focus of the second half of the dissertation), was spurred on by numerous interrelated but distinct factors ranging from urban growth, disease, foreign immigration, and changing cultural sentiments. Americans during the 1830s, 40s, and 50s redefined their relationship to death and in doing so consciously turned away from a vibrant, dynamic, and humbling vision of mortality grounded in the natural world.
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Hollsten, Laura. "Knowing nature : knowledge of nature in seventeenth century French and English travel accounts from the Caribbean /." Åbo : Institutionen för språk och kulture, Humanistiska fakulteten, Åbo Akademi, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0713/2006499859.html.
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Payton, Philip John. "Modern Cornwall : the changing nature of peripherality." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2071.
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The political events of the 1960s and 1970s in 'Celtic Britain' led to the demise of the Anglocentric conventional wisdom which had asserted the fundamental homogeneity of the United Kingdom, and ushered in a new orthodoxy which stressed diversity and the territorial dimension of the state. These events were mirrored to an extent in Cornwall, with competing explanations seeking to interpret 'peripheral protest', but with a more comprehensive model of emerging to emphasise the complexity of the relationship between 'centre' and 'periphery' in modern western European states, pointing in particular to the existence of historical phases of peripherality. In an initial phase of 'Older Peripheralism', Cornwall was isolated territorially and culturally from the core of the expanding English state, conquered and annexed but with an array of constitutionally 'accommodating' devices and a multi-faceted Celtic identity. However, political and economic change eroded this isolation, creating a new era of 'second Peripheralism'. This phase was marked by a rapid industrialisation which brought Cornwall into the forefront of technological innovation but which was over-specialised and incomplete, leading initially to a new, assertive sense of identity based upon technological prowess but precipitating in the longer term industrial collapse and a consequent Cornish social, economic and political paralysis. This paralysis endured from the end of the nineteenth century until after the Second World War, an experience which was highly distinctive when compared to that of England. However, this paralysis was at length disturbed, with post-war Regional Development policies facilitating the construction of a branch factory economy in Cornwall and encouraging a process of counterurbanisation Paradoxically, this socio-economic movement led not to the erosion of Cornwall's peripheral status but was in fact evidence of a 'Third Peripheralism', with the Cornish economy acquiring features which continued to contrast with those of England's core, and with an increasingly politicised 'Cornish Revival' injecting an important strand of antimetropolitanism into Cornish political behaviour, with its critiques of regional policy and demands for renewed constitutional 'accommodation'.
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de, Marcellus Henri Venable. "The origins and nature of the Attic ephebeia to 200 B.C." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f41d34a4-d3e9-4113-8694-1a58d92f4108.
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This thesis examines the Athenian ephebeia, from its creation to 200 B.C. The primary aim of the study is to examine the forces which led to the perception of a need for the ephebeia and which influenced its creation. After describing the institution and then investigating the available evidence for its foundation date, I argue that the "formal ephebeia" was created in 335 B.C. and was substantially different in form from anything which had preceded it. There were, however, some antecedent aspects of the ephebeia which can be traced to earlier times. The following two chapters examine forces in the fifth and early fourth century which contributed to the creation of the ephebeia. The first is an examination of Greek military innovation in the fourth century and of new Athenian defensive policy. The second investigates a "discourse" of educational thought which was present in the intellectual circles of Athens in the fourth century, the nature of which can be found in writings of the "Socratic" philosophers. In the fifth chapter I descrive the environment of "Lycurgan Athens" and argue that the ephebeia was a deliberately "invented tradition" which suited its ideological context. The final chapter examines all available evidence for the history of the organization from 322 to 200 B.C., charting a transformation of the institution. There are two appendices: one on the demography of late fourth century Athens and its relationship to the ephebeia, the other on the life-dates of Menander and the year of his ephebate. There are also two catalogues of inscriptions. The first provides all fourth century ephebic inscriptions since the publication of Reinmuth's collection (or changes to those). The second provides all published third century ephebic inscriptions and some from the early second century.
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Wlasiuk, Jonathan Joseph. "Refining Nature: Standard Oil and the Limits of Efficiency, 1863-1920." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1323373101.
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Singh, Priyaleen. "Changing attitudes to design with nature : the urban Indian context." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242194.
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Wang, Laura Li Ching. "Natural Law and the Law of Nature in Early British Beast Literature." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11234.
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In the tumultuous political environment of late fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century Britain, animal literature saw rapid development and innovation. Beast fable and epic, which already had a long tradition in Latin and French, gained new vigor and popularity in English and Scots renditions. Simultaneously, a new strain of political theory appeared in the vernacular. This dissertation makes a tripartite argument about the relationship between these two discourses. First, writers of literature and political theory alike struggled to reconcile an optimistic view of human society, inherent in the prevailing philosophical tradition of natural law, with the widespread corruption they witnessed in ecclesiastical and royal courts. The fruits of this struggle were darkly humorous works of beast epic and fable in the former case, and pragmatic political theory in the latter. Second, because of its literary character, beast literature actually proved more adventurous than political theory in demonstrating how one might use dissimulation to dominate the predatory world of politics, and in showing the moral and linguistic exhaustion that could result from such manipulation of others. Third, as political writers adapted their theories to reflect politics as it was actually practiced, they explicitly turned to beast literature for images and exempla, so that the animal characters of Aesopian fable and Reynardian epic stealthily crept into works of serious political inquiry.
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Malkasian, Carter. "The nature and history of wars of attrition : a case study analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327572.
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Reis, Ana Isabel Ribeiro Parente Cortez. "O espaÃo a serviÃo do tempo: a estrada de ferro de Baturità e a invenÃÃo do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=19864.
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nÃo hÃA edificaÃÃo da Estrada de Ferro de Baturità provocou a alteraÃÃo das paisagens em seu entorno, o que contribuiu para a construÃÃo de outro CearÃ, no final do sÃculo XIX e inÃcio do XX. Essa construÃÃo fazia parte do projeto de integraÃÃo nacional do paÃs, atravÃs da formaÃÃo de um Estado Territorial, que articulou a centralizaÃÃo administrativa do territÃrio, tendo as vias de comunicaÃÃo como caminho para as tarefas polÃticas do Estado, e contribuiu para a invenÃÃo da prÃpria naÃÃo brasileira. De outro lado, a Estrada de Ferro de Baturità foi apresentada como parte de um processo mais amplo de expansÃo do capitalismo, como instrumento para inversÃo e expansÃo do capital estrangeiro. Nesse sentido, a ferrovia foi considerada uma das portas de entrada do capitalismo no CearÃ. Essa compreensÃo norteou este estudo sobre a progressiva alteraÃÃo das paisagens em seu entorno, processo que significou o aparelhamento do espaÃo cearense em funÃÃo do tempo moderno e ideia de progresso nos moldes europeu ocidentais. Desse modo, as alteraÃÃes da paisagem â percebidas nos desmatamentos, destocamentos, produÃÃo de dormentes, presenÃa massiva de trabalhadores com suas famÃlias ao longo dos trilhos, sistematizaÃÃes de novos horÃrios de trabalho, na pauperizaÃÃo dos operÃrios e na disseminaÃÃo de doenÃas nos abarracamentos da EFB â significaram neste estudo um estabelecimento de relaÃÃes com o ambiente, profundamente influenciado pela introduÃÃo de relaÃÃes e concepÃÃes capitalistas de mundo.
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Kioussis, Sokratis I. "'Nature' and 'culture' in Greek contemporary museum practice : a study of the Goulandris Museum (of Natural History)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658703.
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In its various manifestations, 'art' could be described as a product of 'nature', on which it often reflects, alongside being a product of 'culture'. In recent and past scholarship 'nature' and 'culture' are often treated as opposed categories. Museums in particular have a role in the creation and maintenance ' of a nature/culture configuration. Representing the world in different ways, they have established boundaries between them in the very act of focusing attention on each and increasing understanding in both domains. Drawing on different museological traditions and responding to contemporary issues, the project of creating The Goulandris Museum has brought 'nature' and 'culture' together in its program, exploiting antiquities and other evocations of the ancient world to explain the natural world, especially in its latest schemes. This thesis· examines !he background to such practices, the ideas it embodies and the challenges it sets itself. However, it is more than a study of the history of one particular museum created in the second half of the twentieth century; this thesis also considers the history of other European museums, whose practices and development over time have contributed to the distinctive schema realised in Athens in recent decades. Chapter I introduces the Goulandris Museum and discusses the different ways in which museums have chosen to represent nature. Touching on the means by which they generate knowledge and awareness of the natural world, it discusses how the representation of nature in itself also reflects mankind's plasmatic relationship with the natural world. Chapter II looks back to 'cabinets of curiosity' and the founding and development of three influential institutions to reflect on the tradition of natural history museums in Europe. Chapter III continues with a conceptual and historical reading of London's Natural History Museum, an institution that greatly contributed to the rationale and public presentation of the Goulandris Museum, setting up its first displays. The detail of this particular institutional relationship is examined in Chapter IV, an analysis based on original archival research conducted at the Natural History Museum. . Chapter V examines the displays and practices of the Goulandris Museum prior to the emergence of its research and education centre ('Gaia Centre'), which we explore separately in Chapter VI in conjunction with the New Acropolis Museum, an institution that was designed by the same.architect, Michalis Photiadis. Interviews conducted with him and with the Director and several staff of the Goulandris Museum inform our analysis. That with Mrs. Goulandris is referenced throughout the thesis. The literature review is also · distributed through the thesis at the points where it is relevant and especially in Chapter V which discusses the literature on the history and conception of natural history museums as points of access to the 'real' world of nature. . This thesis is set in a conceptual but also in a historical conte:r:t, as indeed were the ambitions of the founders of the Goulandris Museum. It was the first natural history museum in Greece, and the Qoulandrises sought to situate their new project within both European traditions of natural history museums ' and the traditions of archaeological and classical collections, which had until then dominated the Greek understanding of the purposes of museums. Drawing on these sources, the Goulandris Museum has arrived at its latest scheme which deploys ideas of nature and of culture to shape a very particular identity within Greece ' and to engage and infOlID its visitors.
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Johnson, Tai Elizabeth. "The Shifting Nature of Food and Water on the Hopi Indian Reservation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612155.
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On the southern escarpment of Black Mesa lie the longest continually inhabited settlements in North America. In a land where water is scarce and fierce winds move shifting dunes of sand, the Hopi people continue to dry farm fields of blue corn, irrigate terrace gardens, and tend livestock in one of the world's most biologically diverse food systems. Rooted in an intimate knowledge of local resources and ecology, Hopis produced the majority of food consumed in their communities well into the 1930s. Over the course of the twentieth century a cataclysm of social, economic, and environmental forces reshaped Hopi food and water systems, shifting the use and management of Hopi resources including labor, crops, livestock, and water. As Hopi relationships with these resources changed, so too did the production and consumption of Hopi foods. Farming, ranching, and gardening declined, as did agrobiodiversity. Food from the grocery store replaced food from the fields, contributing to rates of diabetes and obesity significantly higher than the national average. At the same time domestic and industrial development of Hopi ground and surface water transformed Hopi water systems. Today Hopi agriculturalists report declines in the water resources upon which agricultural success depends. These declines are limiting the decision and ability of Hopis to continue traditional agricultural practices. The persistent and long-term ecological observations of farmers, gardeners, and ranchers who continue to interact with these specific resources and the local environment through their agricultural practices are valuable in understanding ecological change over time, including how natural resource development and climate change are affecting traditional subsistence practices.
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Van, Velsor Stanley W. "A qualitative investigation of the urban minority adolescent experience with wildlife." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4090.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 29, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Ericsson, Tysk Staffan. "Culture within nature : key areas for interpreting forest history in boreal Sweden /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6311-4.pdf.
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Kemp, Matthew L. "Characterizing the Depositional History of Three Ponds, Bath Nature Preserve, Bath, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1270834695.
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Morse, Kathryn Taylor. "The nature of gold : an environmental history of the Klondike gold rush /." Seattle : University of Washington Press, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390579433.
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Lambert, Robert A. "The history of nature conservation and recreation in the Cairngorms, 1880-1980." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14229.
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This thesis presents the history of nature conservation and recreation in the Cairngorms area of the eastern Highlands of Scotland, over the century 1880-1980. An introductory chapter sets the scene by describing the observations of travellers, sportsmen and naturalists who visited the area from c.1770. The study then traces the history of the National Park debate in the Cairngorms area (and to an extent, in Scotland), the history of the National Forest Park ideal focusing in on Glenmore, and the history of two National Nature Reserves, including the Cairngorms NNR (the largest in Great Britain). Other chapters address, within an historical framework, the public nature conservation success story of the Osprey on Speyside; the nineteenth and twentieth century rights of way debate and the question of access to mountains and moorland; the development of Aviemore and the Spey Valley as a year-round recreational playground and winter sports centre. Photography and film-making are highlighted as mediums through which nature conservation and recreation have been legitimised and popularised for a mass audience outside the Cairngorms area. The thesis discusses the background to the present landuse conflicts that have dogged the Cairngorms area from 1980, and may prove helpful to land-managers and policymakers in government, conservation and recreation bodies, as it charts the remarkable degree of change in attitudes to nature conservation and recreation witnessed in the Cairngorms. Recreation has always been seen to directly benefit more people, but it is the quality of the environment that supports that recreation. The Cairngorms represent a case study in this kind of conflict, which over the past century has become increasingly common in the UK, Europe and North America. The work is a contribution to the construction of a modem environmental history of Great Britain.
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Wynyard, Julia Claire. "The literary property market: the philosophy, nature, and history of copyright law." Thesis, Boston University, 2003. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27806.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
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Geisler, Johanna Conterio. "The Soviet Sanatorium: Medicine, Nature and Mass Culture in Sochi, 1917-1991." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11660.
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In this study, I trace the development and influence of a network of concepts, practices and ideas about nature and health in the Soviet Union from 1917 to 1991 that I call "turning to nature for health." Turning to nature for health sought to reform and re-frame the processes of urbanization and industrialization in Soviet culture. It provided a vocabulary that framed these processes in terms of their influence on health. "Nature" (priroda) was constructed as an antidote to the modern city. In nature, sanatorium visitors sought relief from various "maladies of civilization," understood to result from the poor material conditions, "Americanization," and alienation from nature of urban life. Nature was conceptualized as a source of spiritual renewal, aesthetic pleasure and rest as well as healing and medical therapy. At the center of the culture of turning to nature for health was a constructed division between the profane urban world and the idealized world of nature.History
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Barry, John. "Green political theory : nature, virtue and progress." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1523/.
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This thesis offers an immanent critique and reconstruction of green moral and political theory. In chapter 1, the critical-reconstructive approach and spirit of the thesis is outlined in terms of contributing to the process of developing a green political theory that is different from 'ecologism' or ideological accounts of green politics. In chapter 2, deep ecology is critically interrogated in terms of its metaphysical (2.3) and psychological claims (2.4). Its view of the 'ecological crisis' as a 'crisis' of western culture is criticised as is its a priori defence of environmental preservation over the human productive use of nature. While its ecocentrism is rejected as the normative basis for green politics, its concern with virtue ethics is held to be an important contribution. In chapter 3, a self-reflexive version of anthropocentrism is developed as the most appropriate moral basis for green politics. Some naturalistic arguments are presented in order to support 'speciesism', and defend it from claims of arbitrariness and as being akin to sexism or racism. Arguments centring on demonstrating the tenuous character of the differences between humans and nonhumans are argued to neglect the fundamental moral significance of the difference between 'human' and 'nonhuman'. I argue that an ethic of use, understood as a reflexive mode of interaction with the nonhuman world, is a defensible form of anthropocentrism for green political purposes. The basis of this reflexive anthropocentrism turns on the claim that while human interests are a necessary condition for justifying a particular human use of nature, it is not a satisfactory one. Issues pertaining to the 'seriousness' of the human interest which is fulfilled are held to be important in distinguishing 'use' from 'abuse'.
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Rees, William J. "Cassius Dio, human nature and the late Roman Republic." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:75230c97-3ac1-460d-861b-5cb3270e481e.
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This thesis builds on recent scholarship on Dio’s φύσις model to argue that Dio’s view of the fall of the Republic can be explained in terms of his interest in the relationship between human nature and political constitution. Chapter One examines Dio’s thinking on Classical debates surrounding the issue of φύσις and is dedicated to a detailed discussion of the terms that are important to Dio’s understanding of Republican political life. The second chapter examines the relationship between φύσις and Roman theories of moral decline in the late Republic. Chapter Three examines the influence of Thucydides on Dio. Chapter Four examines Dio’s reliance on Classical theories of democracy and monarchy. These four chapters, grouped into two sections, show how he explains the downfall of the Republic in the face of human ambition. Section Three will be the first of two case studies, exploring the life of Cicero, one of the main protagonists in Dio’s history of the late Republic. In Chapter Five, I examine Dio’s account of Cicero’s career up to the civil war between Pompey and Caesar. Chapter Six explores Cicero’s role in politics in the immediate aftermath of Caesar’s death, first examining the amnesty speech and then the debate between Cicero and Calenus. Chapter Seven examines the dialogue between Cicero and Philiscus, found in Book 38. In Section Four is my other case study, Caesar. Chapter Eight discusses Caesar as a Republican politician. In Chapter Nine, I examine Dio’s version of the mutiny at Vesontio and Caesar’s speech. Chapter Ten examines Dio’s portrayal of Caesar after he becomes dictator and the speech he delivers to the senate. The Epilogue ties together the main conclusions of the thesis and examines how the ideas explored by Dio in his explanation of the fall of the Republic are resolved in his portrait of the reign of Augustus.