Journal articles on the topic 'Nature – Moral and ethical aspects'
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Rasoal, Dara, Annica Kihlgren, Inger James, and Mia Svantesson. "What healthcare teams find ethically difficult." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 8 (August 3, 2016): 825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015583928.
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Background: Ethically difficult situations are frequently encountered by healthcare professionals. Moral case deliberation is one form of clinical ethics support, which has the goal to support staff to manage ethical difficulties. However, little is known which difficult situations healthcare teams need to discuss. Aim: To explore which kinds of ethically difficult situations interprofessional healthcare teams raise during moral case deliberation. Research design: A series of 70 moral case deliberation sessions were audio-recorded in 10 Swedish workplaces. A descriptive, qualitative approach was applied, using thematic content analysis. Ethical considerations: An advisory statement specifying no objections to the study was provided from an Ethical Review Board, and consent to be recorded was assumed by virtue of participation in the moral case deliberation. Findings: Three themes emerged: powerlessness over managing difficult interactions with patients and next-of-kin, unease over unsafe and unequal care, and uncertainty over who should have power over care decisions. The powerlessness comprised feelings of insufficiency, difficulties to respond or manage patient’s/next-of-kin’s emotional needs or emotional outbursts and discouragement over motivating patients not taking responsibility for themselves. They could be uncertain over the patient’s autonomy, who should have power over life and death, disclosing the truth or how much power next-of-kin should have. Discussion: The findings suggest that the nature of the ethically difficult situations brought to moral case deliberations contained more relational-oriented ethics than principle-based ethics, were permeated by emotions and the uncertainties were pervaded by power aspects between stakeholders. Conclusion: MCD can be useful in understanding the connection between ethical issues and emotions from a team perspective.
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Milliken, Aimee, and Pamela Grace. "Nurse ethical awareness: Understanding the nature of everyday practice." Nursing Ethics 24, no. 5 (December 10, 2015): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015615172.
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Much attention has been paid to the role of the nurse in recognizing and addressing ethical dilemmas. There has been less emphasis, however, on the issue of whether or not nurses understand the ethical nature of everyday practice. Awareness of the inherently ethical nature of practice is a component of nurse ethical sensitivity, which has been identified as a component of ethical decision-making. Ethical sensitivity is generally accepted as a necessary precursor to moral agency, in that recognition of the ethical content of practice is necessary before consistent action on behalf of patient interests can take place. This awareness is also compulsory in ensuring patient good by recognizing the unique interests and wishes of individuals, in line with an ethic of care. Scholarly and research literature are used to argue that bolstering ethical awareness and ensuring that nurses understand the ethical nature of the role are an obligation of the profession. Based on this line of reasoning, recommendations for education and practice, along with directions for future research, are suggested.
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Deschenes, Sadie, and Diane Kunyk. "Situating moral distress within relational ethics." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 3 (December 5, 2019): 767–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019884621.
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Nurses may, and often do, experience moral distress in their careers. This is related to the complicated work environment and the complex nature of ethical situations in everyday nursing practice. The outcomes of moral distress may include psychological and physical symptoms, reduced job satisfaction and even inadequate or inappropriate nursing care. Moral distress can also impact retention of nurses. Although research has grown considerably over the past few decades, there is still a great deal about this topic that we do not know including how to deal well with moral distress. A critical key step is to develop a deeper understanding of relational practice as it pertains to moral distress. In this article, exploration of the experience of moral distress among nurses is guided by the key elements of relational ethics. This ethical approach was chosen because it recognizes that ethical practice is situated in relationships and it acknowledges the importance of the broader environment on influencing ethical action. The findings from this theoretical exploration will provide a theoretical foundation upon which to advance our knowledge about moral distress.
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Robson, Angus. "Intelligent machines, care work and the nature of practical reasoning." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (October 31, 2018): 1906–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018806348.
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Background: The debate over the ethical implications of care robots has raised a range of concerns, including the possibility that such technologies could disrupt caregiving as a core human moral activity. At the same time, academics in information ethics have argued that we should extend our ideas of moral agency and rights to include intelligent machines. Research objectives: This article explores issues of the moral status and limitations of machines in the context of care. Design: A conceptual argument is developed, through a four-part scheme derived from the work of Alasdair MacIntyre. No empirical data are used. Ethical consideration: No primary data were gathered for this study. Secondary sources and authorship have been acknowledged throughout. Findings / discussion: Certain kinds of social experience, including the narrative unity of a life, and the giving and receiving of care, are essential for moral development. Machines, no matter how advanced, cannot participate in such experiences in key respects, and thus cannot develop as practical reasoners. Conclusion: It follows that they cannot be moral agents and that they cannot care. There are, it seems, no such things as care robots. In view of the institutional power of tech companies and commissioning bodies, care practitioners need to take more of a lead in developing new assistive technologies which are appropriate to their practice.
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Oelhafen, Stephan, Settimio Monteverde, and Eva Cignacco. "Exploring moral problems and moral competences in midwifery: A qualitative study." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 5 (March 27, 2018): 1373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018761174.
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Background: Most undergraduate midwifery curricula comprise ethics courses to strengthen the moral competences of future midwives. By contrast, surprisingly little is known about the specific moral competences considered to be relevant for midwifery practice. Describing these competences not only depends on generic assumptions about the moral nature of midwifery practice but also reflects which issues practitioners themselves classify as moral. Objective: The goal of this study was to gain insight into the ethical issues midwives encounter in their daily work, the key competences and resources they consider indispensable to understand and deal with them, and to assess phenomena linked to moral distress. Methods: We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with eight midwives and two other health professionals, varying in terms of years of experience and work setting. Interview transcripts were analyzed in an interdisciplinary research group, following thematic analysis. Ethical considerations: This study was not subject to approval according to the Swiss Law on Research with Humans. Participants were informed about the study goals and gave written informed consent prior to participation. Results: External constraints limiting the midwife’s and the patient’s autonomy and resulting interpersonal conflicts were found to be the most relevant ethical issues encountered in clinical practice and were most often associated with moral distress. These conflicts often arise in the context of medical interventions midwives consider as not appropriate and situations in which less experienced midwives in particular observe a lack of both interprofessional communication and trust in their professional competence. Ethical issues related to late abortions or prenatal diagnostics and selective abortions were also frequently addressed, but many midwives involved had learned to cope with them. Discussion: In the light of the ethical issues and factors contributing to phenomena of moral distress, an empirically grounded profile of moral competences is drafted. Curricular implications in the light of possible adaptations within undergraduate midwifery education are critically discussed.
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Lantukh, I. V., N. F. Merkulova, and V. M. Ostapenko. "Medical research and their ethical nature." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 25, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2021-25(1)-26.
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Annotation. The article examines the problem of medical researches, which is so relevant and necessary especially today, during the COVID-19 pandemic. It turns out that medical researches have an ethical nature, due to two interrelated aspects – the first aspect relates to professional medical practice, the second – to the patient's personality. Human medical research is based on the "rule of consent". This is necessary to protect the subject of medical research against various threats. The ethical implications of medical research stem from the need to comply with social requirements. The ratio of internal (professional) and external (public) control over medical research is both moral and social problems. Public control over medical research should be limited to such an extent as to leave room for the professional work of scientists. One aspect of this problem is related to the physical well-being of the subject of medical research: an adequate balance between risk and success is determined solely by the physician. The second aspect is related to the well-being of the person being studied as an individual and comes down to the question of who should determine this balance. Physicians attribute this right exclusively to themselves: only they can obtain the necessary information, without putting pressure on their patients. It is important to affirm the "principle of support" for medical research: the only one who can assess the human aspect of research is the subject himself. At first, the patient usually trusts his doctor, but later he must be able to decide how justified this trust was. The scientist-physician must realize that his future as a researcher depends not only on scientific but also moral qualities. On the other hand, fear of the sad consequences of the experiment should not be an obstacle to scientific progress. Important characteristics of the experiment are its reliability and validity. Therefore, medical experiments are an important tool for the development of medical knowledge about a person, about his health.
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Pesut, Barbara, Madeleine Greig, Sally Thorne, Janet Storch, Michael Burgess, Carol Tishelman, Kenneth Chambaere, and Robert Janke. "Nursing and euthanasia: A narrative review of the nursing ethics literature." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019845127.
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Background: Medical Assistance in Dying, also known as euthanasia or assisted suicide, is expanding internationally. Canada is the first country to permit Nurse Practitioners to provide euthanasia. These developments highlight the need for nurses to reflect upon the moral and ethical issues that euthanasia presents for nursing practice. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide a narrative review of the ethical arguments surrounding euthanasia in relationship to nursing practice. Methods: Systematic search and narrative review. Nine electronic databases were searched using vocabulary developed from a stage 1 search of Medline and CINAHL. Articles that analysed a focused ethical question related to euthanasia in the context of nursing practice were included. Articles were synthesized to provide an overview of the literature of nursing ethics and euthanasia. Ethical Considerations: This review was conducted as per established scientific guidelines. We have tried to be fair and respectful to the authors discussed. Findings: Forty-three articles were identified and arranged inductively into four themes: arguments from the nature of nursing; arguments from ethical principles, concepts and theories; arguments for moral consistency; and arguments from the nature of the social good. Key considerations included nursing’s moral ontology, the nurse–patient relationship, potential impact on the profession, ethical principles and theories, moral culpability for acts versus omissions, the role of intention and the nature of the society in which euthanasia would be enacted. In many cases, the same assumptions, values, principles and theories were used to argue both for and against euthanasia. Discussion: The review identified a relative paucity of literature in light of the expansion of euthanasia internationally. However, the literature provided a fulsome range of positions for nurses to consider as they reflect on their own participation in euthanasia. Many of the arguments reviewed were not nursing-specific, but rather are relevant across healthcare disciplines. Arguments explicitly grounded within the nature of nursing and nurse–patient relationships warrant further exploration.
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Pergert, Pernilla, Cecilia Bartholdson, Klas Blomgren, and Margareta af Sandeberg. "Moral distress in paediatric oncology: Contributing factors and group differences." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 7-8 (November 9, 2018): 2351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733018809806.
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Background: Providing oncological care to children is demanding and ethical issues concerning what is best for the child can contribute to moral distress. Objectives: To explore healthcare professionals’ experiences of situations that generate moral distress in Swedish paediatric oncology. Research design: In this national study, data collection was conducted using the Swedish Moral Distress Scale-Revised. The data analysis included descriptive statistics and non-parametric analysis of differences between groups. Participants and research context: Healthcare professionals at all paediatric oncology centres in Sweden were invited to participate. A total of 278 healthcare professionals participated. The response rate was 89%. Ethical considerations: In its advisory statement, the Regional Ethical Review Board decided that the study was of such a nature that the legislation concerning ethical reviews was not applicable. All participants received written information about the aim of the study and confidentiality. Participants demonstrated their consent by returning the survey. Findings: The two situations with the highest moral distress scores concerned lack of competence and continuity of personnel. All professional groups reported high levels of disturbance. Nurses rated significantly higher frequencies and higher total Moral Distress Scale scores compared to medical doctors and nursing assistants. Discussion: Lack of competence and continuity, as the two most morally distressing situations, confirms the findings of studies from other countries, where inadequate staffing was reported as being among the top five morally distressing situations. The levels of total Moral Distress Scale scores were more similar to those reported in intensive care units than in other paediatric care settings. Conclusion: The two most morally distressing situations, lack of competence and continuity, are both organisational in nature. Thus, clinical ethics support services need to be combined with organisational improvements in order to reduce moral distress, thereby maintaining job satisfaction, preventing a high turnover of staff and ensuring the quality of care.
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Preshaw, Deborah HL, Kevin Brazil, Dorry McLaughlin, and Andrea Frolic. "Ethical issues experienced by healthcare workers in nursing homes." Nursing Ethics 23, no. 5 (August 2016): 490–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015576357.
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Background: Ethical issues are increasingly being reported by care-providers; however, little is known about the nature of these issues within the nursing home. Ethical issues are unavoidable in healthcare and can result in opportunities for improving work and care conditions; however, they are also associated with detrimental outcomes including staff burnout and moral distress. Objectives: The purpose of this review was to identify prior research which focuses on ethical issues in the nursing home and to explore staffs’ experiences of ethical issues. Methods: Using a systematic approach based on Aveyard (2014), a literature review was conducted which focused on ethical and moral issues, nurses and nursing assistants, and the nursing home. Findings: The most salient themes identified in the review included clashing ethical principles, issues related to communication, lack of resources and quality of care provision. The review also identified solutions for overcoming the ethical issues that were identified and revealed the definitional challenges that permeate this area of work. Conclusions: The review highlighted a need for improved ethics education for care-providers.
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WANG, Jue. "疾病是倫理中性的嗎？." International Journal of Chinese & Comparative Philosophy of Medicine 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2014): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24112/ijccpm.121565.
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LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Professor Xianglong Zhang’s paper challenges contemporary bioethical discourse by foregrounding questions that have been ignored by modern theorists. One of these questions is whether illness is “ethically neutral.” In my paper, I offer three distinct perspectives on this question. First, I frame the question of ethical neutrality by considering the meaning of illness. Second, I clarify the relationship between ethics and illness. Finally, I discuss the role of illness as a metaphor for aspects of our social and ethical lives. The behavior of the medical profession is commonly linked with moral obligations. There is good reason to believe that the metaphorical relationship between medicine and moral discipline reflects a core dimension of human nature and thus offers useful insights into Wang’s “ethical cure.”DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 80 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.
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Lee, Susan, Ellen M. Robinson, Pamela J. Grace, Angelika Zollfrank, and Martha Jurchak. "Developing a moral compass: Themes from the Clinical Ethics Residency for Nurses’ final essays." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 1 (April 28, 2019): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019833125.
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Background: The Clinical Ethics Residency for Nurses was offered selectively to nurses affiliated with two academic medical centers to increase confidence in ethical decision-making. Research Question/Aim: To discover how effective the participants perceived the program and if their goals of participation had been met. Research design: A total of 65 end-of-course essays (from three cohorts) were analyzed using modified directed content analysis. In-depth and recursive readings of the essays by faculty were guided by six questions that had been posed to graduates. Ethical considerations: Institutional review board approval was granted for the duration of the program and its reporting period. Confidentiality was maintained via the use of codes for all evaluations including the essays and potentially identifying content redacted. Findings: An umbrella theme emerged: participants had developed ethical knowledge and skills that provided a “moral compass to navigate the many gray areas of decision-making that confront them in daily practice.” Six major themes corresponding to questions posed to the participants included the ability to advocate for good patient care; to support and empower colleagues, patients, and families; they experienced personal and professional transformation; they valued the multimodal nature of the program; and were using their new knowledge and skills in practice. However, they also recognized that their development as moral agents was an ongoing process. Discussion: Findings support that enhancing nurse confidence in their moral agency with a multimodal educational approach that includes mentored practice in ethical decision-making, enhancing communication skills and role-play can mitigate moral distress. A majority found the program personally and professionally transformative. However, they recognized that ongoing ethics discussion involvement and supportive environments would be important in their continued development of ethical agency. Conclusion: Multimodal ethics education programs have potential to be transformative and enhance nurse confidence in their ethical decision-making.
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Scott, P. Anne. "Aristotle, Nursing and Health Care Ethics." Nursing Ethics 2, no. 4 (December 1995): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309500200402.
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Even a brief consideration of the nature of nursing will indicate that an ethical dimension underlies much, if not all, of nursing practice. It is therefore important that students and practitioners are facilitated in developing an ethical awareness and sensitivity from early in their professional development. This paper argues that Aristotelian virtue theory provides a practice-based focus for health care ethics for a number of reasons. Also, because of his emphasis on the character of the moral agent, and on the importance of perception and emotion in moral decision-making, Aristotelian virtue theory provides a useful supplement to the traditional duty-based approaches to health care ethics analysis, which are increasingly being identified in the literature as having limits to their application within the health care context.
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Romanova, I., N. Laas, and E. Gurova. "Moral Standards in the Organization: the Regulatory Nature and Management of Ethical Behavior of Employees." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 10, no. 2 (May 26, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2021-10-2-23-30.
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The article presents the results of a study (questionnaire survey) of managers and ordinary employees of public and private Russian organizations on the problem of the regulatory role of ethical rules for labor / organizational behavior and the management of ethical actions of personnel. The answers of respondents to the questionnaire about the mission of moral standards in the organization and the importance of their observance are analyzed in detail and presented; on the state of compliance with ethical canons in the organization, detailed reasons and forms of their violation; on the preferred sanctions for violation / observance of moral standards; o the presence of Ethical Codes in companies and their purpose.
The results of the survey showed that ethical norms are the most important regulator of labor / organizational behavior, and their most important purpose is "the development of good relations between employees." Most of the respondents are satisfied with the state of observance of moral standards in their organizations, and also believe that the management pays sufficient attention to their observance. The study revealed that the main cause of violation of moral standards in companies is the personal characteristics of employees, then the management style, and then organizational factors. The most “popular” form of deviation from moral rules in the eyes of respondents is shirking orders. At the same time, the leading role of management is indicated as a role model, which is followed by ordinary employees when choosing ethical or unethical actions. For the most part, the organizations have not developed and do not have Codes of Ethics, the mission of which, according to the participants of the survey, is to orient staff towards ethical behavior and resolve the moral problems of the organization. At the same time, the respondents indicated that it is necessary to apply sanctions both for deviating from moral rules and for observing them.
The research results are practice-oriented. At the same time, they cannot reflect the entire variety of aspects of the influence of the regulatory essence of moral canons on labor / organizational behavior and its management system.
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Bjorklund, Pamela. "Invisibility, Moral Knowledge and Nursing Work in the Writings of Joan Liaschenko and Patricia Rodney." Nursing Ethics 11, no. 2 (March 2004): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733004ne677oa.
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The ethical ‘eye’ of nursing, that is, the particular moral vision and values inherent in nursing work, is constrained by the preoccupations and practices of the superordinate biomedical structure in which nursing as a practice discipline is embedded. The intimate, situated knowledge of particular persons who construct and attach meaning to their health experience in the presence of and with the active participation of the nurse, is the knowledge that provides the evidence for nurses’ ethical decision making. It is largely invisible to all but other nurses. Two nurse researchers, Joan Liaschenko of the University of Minnesota and Patricia Rodney of the University of Victoria, have investigated the ethical concerns of practising nurses and noted in their separate enquiries the invisible nature of critical aspects of nursing work. Noting the similarities in their respective observations, and with the feminist ethics of Margaret Urban Walker as a theoretical framework, this article examines the concept of ‘invisibility’ as it relates to nursing work and nursing ethics.
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Doane, Gweneth A. Hartrick. "Am I Still Ethical? the socially-mediated process of nurses’ moral identity." Nursing Ethics 9, no. 6 (November 2002): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733002ne556oa.
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In a recent, currently unpublished, research project that sought to examine the meaning and enactment of ethical nursing practice across a variety of clinical settings, the significance of moral identity was highlighted. This article describes the findings and illuminates how the moral identities of the nurse participants arose and evolved as they navigated their way through the contextual and systemic forces that shaped the moral situations of their practice. The study revealed the socially-mediated process of identity development and the narrative, dialogical, relational and contextual nature of nurses’ moral identities.
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Norvoll, Reidun, and Reidar Pedersen. "Patients’ moral views on coercion in mental healthcare." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 6 (October 27, 2016): 796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016674768.
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Background: Coercion in mental healthcare has led to ethical debate on its nature and use. However, few studies have explicitly explored patients’ moral evaluations of coercion. Aim: The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of patients’ moral views and considerations regarding coercion. Research design: Semi-structured focus-group and individual interviews were conducted and data were analysed through a thematic content analysis. Participants and research context: A total of 24 adult participants with various mental health problems and experiences with coercion were interviewed in 2012–2013 in three regions of Norway. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval and permissions were obtained according to required procedures. Informed consent and confidentiality were also secured. Findings: Ethical considerations regarding coercion included seven main themes: the need for alternative perspectives and solutions, the existence of a danger or harm to oneself or others, the problem of paternalism, the problem of discrimination and stigma, the need for proportionality, the importance of the content and consequences of coercion and concerns about way that coercion is carried out in practice. Discussion: The participants’ views and considerations are in line with previous research and reflect the range of normative arguments commonly encountered in ethical and legal debates. The study accentuates the significance of institutional factors and alternative voluntary treatment opportunities, as well as the legal and ethical principles of proportionality and purposefulness, in moral evaluations of coercion. Conclusion: Broader perspectives on coercion are required to comprehend its ethical challenges and derive possible solutions to these from a patient perspective.
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Van Holthoon, F. L. "Adam Smith and David Hume: with Sympathy." Utilitas 5, no. 1 (May 1993): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800005525.
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Why did Hume drop sympathy as a key concept of his moral philosophy, and why—on the other hand—did Smith make it into the ‘didactic principle’ of his Theory of Moral Sentiments? These questions confront us with the basic issue of ethical theory concerning human nature. My point in dealing with these questions is to show what views of human nature their respective choices involved. And my procedure will be to take a close look at the revisions they made to their ethical theories to bring out the contrasting aspects of their views of human nature.
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Arnold, Tracey C. "Moral distress in emergency and critical care nurses: A metaethnography." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 1681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733020935952.
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Background: Moral distress has detrimental effects on nurses which impacts the entire healthcare cycle. Described as a crescendo effect, resolved situations of moral distress leave residue on the nurse with three potential outcomes: moral numbing, conscious objection to the situation, and burnout. Objective: This metaethnography strives to achieve a fuller understanding of moral distress by interpreting the body of qualitative work of moral distress in emergency and critical care nurses. Method: This study used the Noblit and Hare’s approach of interpretative synthesis. Ten studies met the criteria and were used in this synthesis. Ethical considerations: Ethical issues were minimal since no human subjects were involved. Ethical requirements were respected in all study phases. Results: The synthesis of qualitative research on moral distress resulted in one central theme, “the battle within,” and five subthemes. Conclusions: The unique nature of this nursing specialty resulted in a lasting inner conflict for nurses that is consistent with the previously described crescendo effect. The effects are complex and long lasting and may potentially affect the nurses’ future patient care.
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Leonova, Olga M., and Alexander N. Salnikov. "Historical aspects and organizational issues of deontology in dental institutions." Medicine and Physical Education: Science and Practice, no. 9 (2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2658-7688-2021-3-1(9)-39-44.
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A large number of works are devoted to the problem of medical ethics and deontology. They mainly consider the relationship between a medical worker and a patient, a medical worker and society. The issue of adherence to medical deontology and ethics between doctors is not often raised in the professional literature. We considered issues of relationship of the health worker and patient, the personal qualities of the doctor and moral installations defining his behavior; relations with colleagues and rationing the vocational and ethical field of medicine in the form of a vocational and ethical code. The key principles of bioethics are the following: the principle of humanism, professionalism, the scientific nature of medical interventions, self-criticism. Modern successes in the field of science and technology, the transfer of their results to medical practice have determined the relevance of the relationship between the doctor and the patient from the point of view of law, morality and religious beliefs. This problem area is the subject of biomedical ethics, the task of which is to solve ethical problems closely related to medical practice and biomedical research. We defined modern medical ethics through correlation with the bioethical model.
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Marck, Patricia B. "Recovering Ethics After ‘Technics’: developing critical text on technology." Nursing Ethics 7, no. 1 (January 2000): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300000700103.
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Much modern science and ethics debate is on high-profile problems such as animal organ transplantation, genetic engineering and fetal tissue research, in discourse that assumes technical tones. Other work, such as narrative ethics, expresses the failed promise of technology in the vivid detail of human experience. However, the essential nature of contemporary technology remains largely opaque to our present ethical lens on health care and on society. The limited controversies of modern science and ethics perpetuate ‘technics’, a technical, problem-solving mindset that fails to grapple successfully with the complexity of technology. A critical dialectic between practice and scholarship widens the ethical conversation in nursing to consider technology as an ongoing set of daily and fundamental moral choices on how we live. Critical text on technology recovers ethics from the limits of technics, and assists nurses to develop an inherent knowedge of technology that is needed to provide ethical care in a technological world.
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Keyko, Kacey. "Work engagement in nursing practice." Nursing Ethics 21, no. 8 (April 8, 2014): 879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014523167.
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The concept of work engagement has existed in business and psychology literature for some time. There is a significant body of research that positively correlates work engagement with organizational outcomes. To date, the interest in the work engagement of nurses has primarily been related to these organizational outcomes. However, the value of work engagement in nursing practice is not only an issue of organizational interest, but of ethical interest. The dialogue on work engagement in nursing must expand to include the ethical importance of engagement. The relational nature of work engagement and the multiple levels of influence on nurses’ work engagement make a relational ethics approach to work engagement in nursing appropriate and necessary. Within a relational ethics perspective, it is evident that work engagement enables nurses to have meaningful relationships in their work and subsequently deliver ethical care. In this article, I argue that work engagement is essential for ethical nursing practice. If engagement is essential for ethical nursing practice, the environmental and organizational factors that influence work engagement must be closely examined to pursue the creation of moral communities within healthcare environments.
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Zadroga, Adam. "Professional Ethics of Social Entrepreneurs: The Perspective of Christian Personalist Ethics." Verbum Vitae 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.11462.
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The aim of the article is to indicate and describe the normative assumptions of the professional ethics of social entrepreneurs. The innovative nature of the proposed concept consists in taking into consideration the perspective of Christian personalist ethics. It is a theory of morality which includes considerations for the biblical and theological view of man, emphasizing above all their personal dignity. Referring to the principal axioms of this ethical doctrine allows for a presentation of a proposal of ethical principles and moral virtues – adequate to the mission, tasks, and vocation of social entrepreneurs. The article discusses the following issues: the essence of Christian personalist ethics, the mission and tasks of social entrepreneurs, the motivation and vocation of social entrepreneurs, ethical aspects of leadership in social enterprises, as well as the ethical principles and moral virtues of social entrepreneurs. A methodology characteristic of normative philosophical ethics and moral theology was applied. The results of the analysis of the methodically selected literature on the subject were processed by means of conceptual work, which allowed us to describe the professional ethics of social entrepreneurs from the point of view of Christian personalist ethics. Christian personalist ethics makes a valuable and original contribution to the description of the normative determinants of social entrepreneurship. The analysis of the mission and tasks of social entrepreneurs shows that they create social structures and processes that affirm the dignity of marginalized people and restore their capacity to participate in social and economic life.
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Olsman, Erik, Bert Veneberg, Claudia van Alfen, and Dorothea Touwen. "The value of metaphorical reasoning in bioethics: An empirical-ethical study." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 1 (April 25, 2017): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017703695.
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Background: Metaphors are often used within the context of ethics and healthcare but have hardly been explored in relation to moral reasoning. Objective: To describe a central set of metaphors in one case and to explore their contribution to moral reasoning. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 parents of a child suffering from the neurodegenerative disease CLN3. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and metaphors were analyzed. The researchers wrote memos and discussed about their analyses until they reached consensus. Ethical considerations: Participants gave oral and written consent and their confidentiality and anonymity were respected. Findings: A central set of metaphors referred to the semantic field of the hands and arms and consisted of two central metaphors that existed in a dialectical relationship: grasping versus letting go. Participants used these metaphors to describe their child’s experiences, who had to “let go” of abilities, while “clinging” to structures and the relationship with their parent(s). They also used it to describe their own experiences: participants tried to “grab” the good moments with their child and had to “let go” of their child when (s)he approached death. Participants, in addition, “held” onto caring for their child while being confronted with the necessity to “let go” of this care, leaving it to professional caregivers. Discussion: The ethical analysis of the findings shows that thinking in terms of the dialectical relationship between “grasping” and “letting go” helps professional caregivers to critically think about images of good care for children with CLN3. It also helps them to bear witness to the vulnerable, dependent, and embodied nature of the moral self of children with CLN3 and their parents. Conclusion: Metaphorical reasoning may support the inclusion of marginalized perspectives in moral reasoning. Future studies should further explore the contribution of metaphorical reasoning to moral reasoning in other cases.
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Bagnoli, Carla. "Kant's Contribution to Moral Epistemology." PARADIGMI, no. 1 (May 2012): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2012-001003.
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This paper argues that the most innovative aspect of Kant's ethical theory is not afirst-order normative ethics, even though the importance and long-lasting mark ofKant's ethics of autonomy cannot be questioned. Rather, it consists in a constructivistaccount of moral cognition. This claim may be perplexing in more than one way, sinceconstructivism is often characterized both as a first-order account of moral judgmentsand as a retreat from epistemological and ontological commitments. This characterizationis misleading in general, and mistaken for Kant's constructivism in particular.Kant's constructivism is a methodological claim about the authority and productivefunction of reason and an epistemological claim about the nature of moral cognitions.
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Volodymyr, ONYSHCHENKO. "THE NATURE OF THE ECONOMIC PROCESS." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 135, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2021(135)02.
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Background. Today there are questions that need to be answered, namely: what is the "uncertainty" in the discourse of economic theory and how to take it into account in our economic strategies and processes; how moral and ethical norms can affect our understanding and practice of formation and implementation of economic processes. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The studies of D. North, F. Knight, I. Prigozhin, and E. Laslo are devoted to the problem of uncertainty of economic processes, in which uncertainty is considered in the ontological aspect. Fundamental studies of moral and ethical norms of economic development were carried out by S. Bowles, J. Rawls and A. Sen etс. The aim of the article is to clarify the causal and axiological contexts of the economic process. Materials and methods. The works of native and foreign specialists were the materials of the research. General scientific research methods such as historical, analysis, synthesis and abstraction have been used in the article. Results. Uncertainty is inherent in a market economy and its processes. It is argued that the economic process is nonlinear, its outcome is probabilistic, and may be uncertain. Human economic behaviour is mainly determined by institutions, especially within the economic process. It is proved that there is an organic connection between neoclassical and behavioural theoretical concepts of human economic behaviour. The difference in approaches lies in the levels of generalization of the object and subject of research. The moral and ethical context of the economic process can be taken into account in the models of the economic process, but only as an imperative of "economic justice". The algorithm of finding a "fair solution" involves the approximation of the state of coordination of interests to equilibrium. Conclusion. It is necessary to continue researching the problems of causality of the economic process, which will contribute to the validity of forecasts. The moral and ethical context of the economic process requires expansion of the concept of its effectiveness and the development of modeling methods. Keywords: economic process, evolution, intentionality, uncertainty, institutions, economic behaviour, moral and ethical content, justice.
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Rickard, Maurice, Helga Kuhse, and Peter Singer. "Caring and Justice: A Study of two Approaches to Health Care Ethics." Nursing Ethics 3, no. 3 (September 1996): 212–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309600300304.
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This article presents an empirical study of approaches to ethical decision-making among nurses and doctors. It takes as its starting point the distinction between the perspectives of care and of justice in ethical thinking, and the view that nurses' thinking will be aligned with the former and doctors' with the latter. It goes on to argue that the differences in these approaches are best understood in terms of the distinction between partialist and impartialist modes of moral thinking. The study seeks to determine the distribution of these modes of thinking between nurses and doctors, and finds that there are no signif icant differences between them. A 'two-level' philosophical view of the nature of moral thinking is appealed to in order to explain the study findings.
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Haghighinezhad, Ghazaleh, Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, Tahereh Ashktorab, Jamileh Mohtashami, and Maasoumeh Barkhordari-Sharifabad. "Relationship between perceived organizational justice and moral distress in intensive care unit nurses." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 2 (July 28, 2017): 460–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017712082.
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Background: The nature of the nursing profession pays more attention to ethics of healthcare than its therapeutic dimension. One of the prevalent moral issues in this profession is moral distress. Moral distress appears more in intensive care units due to the widespread need for moral decision-making regarding treatment and care in emergency situations. In this connection, organizational justice is of high importance and, as a significant motivational tool, leaves important impacts upon attitude and behavior of personnel. Aim/objective: This study aimed at investigation of the relationship between perceived organizational justice and moral distress in intensive care unit nurses. Research design: This is a descriptive-correlational research which examined the relationship between perceived organizational justice and moral distress in intensive care unit nurses. Participants and research context: A total of 284 intensive care unit nurses were selected via census sampling. The data were collected through questionnaires and then were analyzed via SPSS-20 using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Medical Research. Completion of informed consent form, guarantee of the confidentiality of information, explanation on purposes of the research, and voluntary participation in the study were moral considerations observed in this study. Findings: There was a statistically significant negative correlation between the total perceived organizational justice and the total moral distress (p = 0.024, r = −0.137) and also between “procedural and interactional justice and errors” and “not respecting the ethics principles.” Meanwhile, no relationship was found by the findings between distributive justice and dimensions of moral distress. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, there was a reverse significant relationship between moral distress and perceived organizational justice; therefore, the head nurses are expected to contribute to reduce moral distress and to increase perceived organizational justice in nurses.
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Gray, Mary Tod. "Nursing Leaders' Experiences With the Ethical Dimensions of Nursing Education." Nursing Ethics 15, no. 3 (May 2008): 332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733007088358.
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This pilot study explores four nursing leaders' experiences with the ethical dimensions of leadership in education. Gathering and interpreting such data of experience fosters greater understanding of the nature of moral leadership as it is lived in nursing education. A phenomenological approach was used to collect and analyze the data. The results revealed four major themes: integrity, justice, wrestling with decisions in the light of consequences, and the power of information. These themes clarify the values that direct these leaders' actions as they mediate community needs common to educational and health care institutions.
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Neiman, Paul. "Nursing strikes: An ethical perspective on the US healthcare community." Nursing Ethics 18, no. 4 (June 6, 2011): 596–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011408050.
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Recent labor disputes between registered nurses and hospitals in Minnesota, California, and Pennsylvania raise moral questions about nurses’ professional obligations, nurses’ right to collectively bargain to preserve or improve wages, benefits, and working conditions, and patients’ right to medical care. Deontology and consequentialism focus too narrowly on nurses and patients, and thus ignore the nature of the healthcare community as a system of competing interests. When considered in this context, nurses’ strikes are shown to be consistent with this system of competing interests, and thus are morally permissible.
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Edwards, Steven D. "Is there a distinctive care ethics?" Nursing Ethics 18, no. 2 (March 2011): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733010389431.
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Is it true that an ethics of care offers something distinct from other approaches to ethical problems in nursing, especially principlism? In this article an attempt is made to clarify an ethics of care and then to argue that there need be no substantial difference between principlism and an ethics of care when the latter is considered in the context of nursing. The article begins by considering the question of how one could in fact differentiate moral theories. As is explained, this cannot be done merely in light of the moral judgements they defend, nor their ontological commitments (e.g. their view of the nature of persons). Following these methodological beginnings, care-based ethics is described and critically discussed. It is shown that ontological commitments embraced within care ethics do not themselves show that care ethics is distinct from other approaches. The idea of ‘psychological care’ is also discussed, which stems from the work of Margaret Little. Her claim that the ‘gestalts’ of justice and care cannot be combined is rejected in favour of an approach that does just that and which has been developed by Joan Tronto. It is then claimed that the moral commitments of principlism are certainly not incompatible with those of an ethics of care in the nursing context. A challenge to the idea that principlism and ethics of care might be compatible is anticipated in the work of Eva Feder Kittay. This challenge is responded to and it is concluded that care considered as a moral orientation and the moral values embedded in principlism are best combined in the nursing context. Care provides a moral orientation over which the obligations referred to in principlism can be laid.
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Tavakkoli, Amirpasha. "Aspects du mal et de la méchanceté chez Sade / Aspects of Evil and Villainy in Sade." Aletria: Revista de Estudos de Literatura 27, no. 1 (July 3, 2017): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2317-2096.27.1.303-314.
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Résumé: Influencé par la philosophie des Lumières et hostile à l’égard de la morale chrétienne, Sade envisage de déconstruire le discours philosophico-moral de son temps. Il s’intéresse à l’idée de l’état de nature sous un angle différent de celui des philosophes et des moralistes. En plaçant le Mal au centre de ses réflexions, l’objectif pour lui est de renverser le discours dominant de son temps en prenant l’inceste, le meurtre et les perversions comme étant les maximes conductrices de sa pensée. Malgré l’apparence immorale de ses écrits, Sade tombe dans un schéma moralisant reposant sur l’idéal du Mal qu’il adore. Agir et penser selon les commandements du Mal, deviennent les fondements de l’éthique sadienne. Une réflexion que nous allons approfondir à la lumière des réflexions de Klossowski, Bataille et Jacques Lacan.Mots-clés : mal; état de nature; loi; éthique; transgression.Abstract: Influenced by the philosophy of the Enlightment and hostile toward Christian morality, Sade endeavored to criticize the moral-philosophical discourse of his time, focusing on the idea of the state of nature in a radically different way from contemporary philosophers and moralists. By placing Evil at the center of his considerations, he aims to overturn the dominant discourse of his time by enlisting incest, murder, and perversions as the tenets guiding his thought. Despite the immoral appearance of his writings, Sade falls prey to a moralizing schema based on the ideal of Evil. Acting and thinking according to the commandments of Evil then becomes the fundaments of Sade’s ethics. The idea moving this paper is to deepen our understanding of this theory in light of reflections by Klossowski, Bataille, and Lacan.Keywords: Evil, state of nature, law, ethic, transgression.
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EGAN, ERIN A. "Organizational Ethics in Residency Training: Moral Conflict with Supervising Physicians." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 12, no. 1 (January 2003): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180103121159.
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It is inevitable that physicians in training will be exposed to behavior by supervising physicians that the trainees find unethical. By nature these events are rare. It is imperative within any residency training program that resident physicians have immediate access to a meaningful review process in cases of moral conflict with supervising physicians. Here, I discuss the reasons why this issue must be recognized and what it entails. Most important, I discuss the procedural steps that are essential for the training program to make this a meaningful safety mechanism in residency training. This issue is central to promoting conscious development of professionalism in clinical training. Physicians in training, especially resident physicians, need to be taught to value and protect their own professional integrity. The responsibility for fulfilling this ethical duty falls on the individual residency programs as well as the administrative organizations that regulate residency training. Thus, ensuring this process of review is an organizational ethical imperative. Availability of this process is fundamental to promoting and ensuring ethical behavior by all participants in residency training.
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Tomiltseva, D. A., and A. S. Zheleznov. "Inevitable Third: Ethical and Political Aspects of Interactions with Artificial Agents." Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia 4, no. 99 (December 12, 2020): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-2020-99-4-90-107.
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Artificial agents i.e., man-made technical devices and software that are capable of taking meaningful actions and making independent decisions, permeate almost all spheres of human life today. Being new political actants, they transform the nature of human interactions, which gives rise to the problem of ethical and political regulation of their activities. Therefore, the appearance of such agents triggers a global philosophical reflection that goes beyond technical or practical issues and makes researchers return to the fundamental problems of ethics. The article identifies three main aspects that call for philosophical understanding of the existence of artificial agents. First, artificial agents reveal the true contradiction between declared moral and political values and real social practices. Learning from the data on the assessments and conclusions that have already taken place, artificial agents make decisions that correspond to the prevailing behavioral patterns rather than moral principles of their creators or consumers. Second, the specificity of the creation and functioning of artificial agents brings the problem of responsibility for their actions to the forefront, which, in turn, requires a new approach to the political regulation of the activities of not only developers, customers and users, but also the agents themselves. Third, the current forms of the activity of artificial agents shift the traditional boundaries of the human and raise the question of redefining the humanitarian. Having carefully analyzed the selected aspects, the authors reveal their logic and outline the field for further discussion.
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Heilman, Mary Kathleen Deutscher, and Tracy J. Trothen. "Conscientious objection and moral distress: a relational ethics case study of MAiD in Canada." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105855.
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Conscientious objection has become a divisive topic in recent bioethics publications. Discussion has tended to frame the issue in terms of the rights of the healthcare professional versus the rights of the patient. However, a rights-based approach neglects the relational nature of conscience, and the impact that violating one’s conscience has on the care one provides. Using medical assistance in dying as a case study, we suggest that what has been lacking in the discussion of conscientious objection thus far is a recognition and prioritising of the relational nature of ethical decision-making in healthcare and the negative consequences of moral distress that occur when healthcare professionals find themselves in situations in which they feel they cannot provide what they consider to be excellent care. We propose that policies that respect the relational conscience could benefit our healthcare institutions by minimising the negative impact of moral distress, improving communication among team members and fostering a culture of ethical awareness. Constructive responses to moral distress including relational cultivation of moral resilience are urged.
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KOSYAN, Sirine, Tatevik POGHOSYAN, and Karine DANIELYAN. "On Moral Aspect of Sustainable Development Theory and Practice." wisdom 2, no. 7 (December 9, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v2i7.135.
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The paper deals with the modern processes of large-scale destabilization of the geosphere and the role of the scientific prediction of global environmental crisis. We also present an analysis of the reorientation process of civilization to sustainable development and ethical foundations of the relationship of humanity and nature.
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McDougall, Rosalind, Cade Shadbolt, and Lynn Gillam. "The practice of balancing in clinical ethics case consultation." Clinical Ethics 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477750919897377.
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Models for clinical ethics case consultation often make reference to ‘balancing’ or ‘weighing’ moral considerations, without further detail. In this paper, we investigate balancing in clinical ethics case consultation. We suggest that, while clinical ethics services cannot resolve ongoing deep philosophical debates about the nature of ethical reasoning, clinical ethicists can and should be more systematic and transparent when balancing considerations in case consultations. We conceptualise balancing on a spectrum from intuitive to deliberative, and argue that good balancing in case consultation involves articulating reasons for giving something more or less weight. We develop a framework of four practical strategies for better balancing in clinical ethics case consultation: intuitions as a launchpad, drilling down, pairwise comparison and group deliberation.
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Puneeta Goel. "Do Ethics Pay: A Study of Indian Companies." Think India 20, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v20i1.7776.
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Ethical corporate identity has become an important aspect of the global nature of the business. Ethical business behaviour is a way to a better world and may ultimately improve profits. This study establishes a link between different dimensions of ethical corporate identity and financial performance of the company in Indian context. Corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, and sustainability reporting are taken as indicators of business ethics. It was found that ethics and financial performance are significantly and positively correlated, however, only sustainability reporting has a significant impact on marketing ratios of Tobin Q, price to book value, accounting ratios of return on sales, return on capital employed, and return on equity for selected Indian companies. Corporate ethics policy should sensitise moral and ethical behaviour of business leaders.
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Potanina, Leila T., Julia V. Koinova-Zoellner, and Tatyana V. Sklyarova. "Teachers’ Readiness to Develop Students’ Moral Concepts in Innovative Educational Contexts." Integration of Education 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 608–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/1991-9468.101.024.202004.608-621.
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Introduction. The development of students’ moral beliefs about the world is an essential component in the process of moral education. Various issues concerned with the transmission of moral and ethical values across generations are investigated in the theory and practice of vocational education. However, the problem of teachers’ value perceptions about the world as a means of developing students’ value systems has attracted little research attention. For the first time, this study aims to identify the levels of teachers’ value perceptions about the world as their most important competence in developing students’ moral beliefs. Materials and Methods. The research sample included 216 teachers from different regions of the Russian Federation. On the basis of a review of available scientific publications, a theoretical analysis and systematization of Russian and foreign experience in the moral and ethical development of school-age students was carried out. The empirical research consisted in a survey aimed at revealing the respondents’ attitude towards improvement of their professional competencies in the field of moral and ethical education. The teachers’ value perceptions about the world were identified using two series of the projective technique “Incomplete sentence...”. Results. The conducted empirical research confirmed the hypothesis that teachers’ competence in implementing the moral and ethical education of schoolchildren is based on their existing value systems. An analysis of the respondents’ beliefs about objects and facts of reality from the standpoint of their own value system allowed two levels of value perceptions to be revealed: value-associative and meaning-generating, which differ in the nature of the moral categorization of objects and phenomena of the world. Discussion and Conclusion. The study confirmed the significance of teachers’ professional and personal competences in developing students’ moral and ethical values. The findings can be of interest for teachers, tutors, psychologists, professors and those investigating various aspects of the process of forming students’ moral values.
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Shea, Matthew. "Human Nature and Moral Status in Bioethics." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 43, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhx039.
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Brownsey, P. F. "The nature of moral thinking." Journal of Medical Ethics 19, no. 4 (December 1, 1993): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.19.4.242.
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Becker, Christian U., and Jack Hamblin. "Conceptualizing Personhood for Sustainability: A Buddhist Virtue Ethics Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 9166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169166.
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This conceptual paper addresses the role the individual plays in sustainability against the backdrop of the ethical dimensions of sustainability. We discuss the relevance of moral personhood as a basis for sustainability and develop a model of personhood for sustainability. The paper outlines the ethical dimensions of sustainability and discusses the role of individual morality for sustainability from a virtue ethics perspective. We employ a Buddhist virtue ethical approach for conceptualizing a model of the sustainable person that is characterized by sustainability virtues, interdependent personhood, and an inherent concern for the wellbeing of others, nature, and future beings. In contrast to many Western-based conceptions of the individual actor, our model of sustainable personhood conceptualizes and explains a coherent and inherent individual motivation for sustainability. The paper contributes to the methodological question of how to best consider the individual in sustainability research and sustainability approaches and suggests a conceptual basis for integrating individual, institutional, and systemic aspects of sustainability.
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Alba, Barbara. "Factors that impact on emergency nurses’ ethical decision-making ability." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 7 (November 10, 2016): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016674769.
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Background: Reliance on moral principles and professional codes has given nurses direction for ethical decision-making. However, rational models do not capture the emotion and reality of human choice. Intuitive response must be considered. Research purpose: Supporting intuition as an important ethical decision-making tool for nurses, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between intuition, years of worked nursing experience, and perceived ethical decision-making ability. A secondary aim explored the relationships between rational thought to years of worked nursing experience and perceived ethical decision-making ability. Research design and context: A non-experimental, correlational research design was used. The Rational Experiential Inventory measured intuition and rational thought. The Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale measured perceived ethical decision-making ability. Pearson’s r was the statistical method used to analyze three primary and two secondary research questions. Participants: A sample of 182 emergency nurses was recruited electronically through the Emergency Nurses Association. Participants were self-selected. Ethical considerations: Approval to conduct this study was obtained by the Adelphi University Institutional Review Board. Findings: A relationship between intuition and perceived ethical decision-making ability ( r = .252, p = .001) was a significant finding in this study. Discussion: This study is one of the first of this nature to make a connection between intuition and nurses’ ethical decision-making ability. Conclusion: This investigation contributes to a broader understanding of the different thought processes used by emergency nurses to make ethical decisions.
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Pang, Mei-che Samantha. "Information Disclosure: the moral experience of nurses in China." Nursing Ethics 5, no. 4 (July 1998): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309800500407.
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While the movement to ensure patient’s rights to information and informed consent spreads throughout the world, patient rights of this kind have yet to be introduced in mainland China. Nonetheless, China is no different from other parts of the world in that nurses are expected to shoulder the responsibility of safeguarding patients’ best interests and at the same time to uphold their right to information. This paper expounds on the principle of protectiveness grounded in traditional Chinese medical ethics concerning the practice of informed consent. Nurses in China have a moral obligation to treat patients with sincerity. This notion carries a strong sense of parental protectiveness. As far as information-giving is concerned, nurses in China are ambivalent about the notion of truthfulness. The findings of an empirical study undertaken in seven Chinese cities reveal that nurses in China experience similar difficulties related to the disclosure of information as their counterparts in other parts of the world. A nurse’s narrative, the Chan case, is used to illustrate the typical difficult situation that nurses in China often encounter in looking after vulnerable patients who would like to learn more about their therapeutic regimens. The moral tension embedded in nursing practice is analysed. It is found that most nurses would prefer to tell the truth to patients, but their primary ethical justification is not that of respect for patients’ autonomy or safeguarding patients’ right to self-determination. Rather, it is basically beneficent in nature; that is, they base their decision to reveal the truth on whether or not patients will receive more relevant treatment and better nursing care.
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Shagbanova, Khabiba Sadyrovna. "Role of fiction literature in formation of personality of a staff member of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation." NB: Административное право и практика администрирования, no. 1 (January 2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2306-9945.2020.1.33405.
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This article is dedicated to the influence of fiction literary works upon the moral, ethical and intellectual level of staff members, as well as increase of professionalism of the employees of law enforcement. It is noted that increase of professionalism is one of the multifaceted questions requiring integral approach in solution of the tasks of legal, ethical and psychological nature. Improvement of personal qualities of each employee is a determining factor of increasing efficiency and performance of the entire system of law enforcement agencies. It is claimed that personal development is the key to increasing professionalism. The article examines the content of educational aspect of fiction literature and its significant role in formation of personality of staff members of law enforcement agencies, namely moral qualities through a literary character. Analysis is conducted on the main aspects of the heritage of fiction literature as an essential condition for moral upbringing of the staff members, which is reflected in belonging to a noble actions, achievements and heroism of the previous generations. The author develops recommendations for the units on application of artistic means in the process of formation of personality of staff members of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation.
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Carnevale, Franco A. "A hermeneutical rapprochement framework for clinical ethics practice." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 3 (August 8, 2017): 674–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017722190.
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Background: A growing number of frameworks for the practice of clinical ethics are described in the literature. Among these, hermeneutical frameworks have helped highlight the interpretive and contextual nature of clinical ethics practice. Objectives: The aim of this article is to further advance this body of work by drawing on the ideas of Charles Taylor, a leading hermeneutical philosopher. Design/Findings: A Hermeneutical Rapprochement Framework is presented for clinical ethics practice, based on Taylor’s hermeneutical “retrieval” and “rapprochement.” This builds on existing hermeneutical approaches for the practice of clinical ethics by articulating a framework with interpretive and reconciliatory scope that extends beyond the presenting “local” context. A Hermeneutical Rapprochement Framework considers broader socio-historical horizons and imaginaries grounded on Taylor’s expansive work in epistemological, ontological, political, and moral philosophy. Discussion: The framework is discussed in terms of how it can be operationalized for clinical practice as well as normative development. Implications for the educational preparation of clinical ethicists are also discussed. Although this work is directly relevant for clinical ethicists, it can also help inform the ethical practice of all clinicians.
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Callahan, Daniel. "Can Nature Serve as a Moral Guide?" Hastings Center Report 26, no. 6 (November 1996): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3528749.
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Duderija, Adis. "A Case Study of Patriarchy and Slavery: The Hermeneutical Importance of Qurʾānic Assumptions in the Development of a Values-Based and Purposive Oriented Qurʾān-sunna Hermeneutic." HAWWA 11, no. 1 (2013): 58–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341239.
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Abstract It is the task of this paper to argue that the development of a new Qurʾān-sunna hermeneutic (and therefore Islamic legal theory) which hermeneutically privileges an ethico-religious and purposive approach to a Qurʾānic interpretation (based on ethically objectivist nature of ethical value) has the potential to engender a gender symmetrical Islamic law. In order for this to be achieved, it is argued further, that the hermeneutical importance of the mirroring of the various socio-cultural and ethico-moral assumptions prevalent in the Qurʾān’s revelatory milieu in the actual Qurʾānic text itself must be taken into account as evident in those passages pertaining to the patriarchal nature of socio-legal aspects of gender dynamics and existence of slavery, especially female concubinage. Additionally, in the first part of the paper, I briefly discuss one reason why I consider the classical Islamic scholarship failed to explore the hermeneutical significance of these assumptions and therefore did not engender a Qurʾānic hermeneutic and Islamic legal theory that hermeneutically privileges an ethico-religious and purposive based approach to interpretation of Qurʾān and sunna. I refer to this process as a hermeneutical shift from a Qurʾān-sunna interpretive dialogical approach to that of a sunna-ḥadith episteme.
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Pierce, Susan Foley. "A Model for Conceptualizing the Moral Dynamic in Health Care." Nursing Ethics 4, no. 6 (November 1997): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309700400605.
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Ethics involves an organized, reasoned approach to gathering and processing data in order to arrive at decisions about what to do, what to value, and/or what virtues to cultivate. A model is proposed for conceptualizing this complex dynamic, which incorporates elements of both rule-and-principle ethics and the ethic of care. The model suggested here has two levels. The first level identifies the components that comprise philosophical reasoning; the second contextualizes and operationalizes the model in relation to the processor’s philosophical stance on the nature of knowing. Three philosophical stances are identified and described: science-dominant, person-dominant, and science-person equilibrium. Physicians tend to process patients from first perspectives, nurses from second. Hence, health team collaboration in moral problem solving is critically important.
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Hanafin, John J. "Morality and the Market in China: Some Contemporary Views." Business Ethics Quarterly 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857645.
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Abstract:A significant effect of China’s rejection of a planned economy for a free market is the stimulus this has given to discussion of the relationship between morality and the market. Some Chinese believe that the introduction of a market economy has had a negative effect on public morality. Others disagree and maintain that it has had only a positive effect. Besides this particular debate there are two others. In the first of these debates, it is maintained on the one side that conduct in the market is amoral and essentially contractual or transactional in nature: a boundary must be drawn between economic conduct and conduct in other spheres of social life. Against this it is argued that ethical norms apply equally to all aspects of social life including the economy. In the second debate one side holds that the market engenders its own “ethical” norms. In opposition it is argued that the moral categories articulated in moral philosophy are applicable to behaviour in the market.
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Plechová, Viera. "Humanism and Ethos in the Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson." Ars Aeterna 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aa-2014-0006.
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Abstract The article deals with the ideas of humanity and morality as reflected in the works of R. W. Emerson, the main representative of an intellectual movement called American transcendentalism. It conveys basic facts about the movement and focuses on the key aspects of Emerson’s transcendental philosophy, particularly his concept of the Over-soul and his concept of Nature, which gave his humanistic philosophy a religious and moral accent. Due to it, Emerson’s religious humanism also became the basis of American democratic individualism. The article offers insight into Emerson’s ideas on morality and ethical behaviour, which challenge us to live in harmony with God and nature.