Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nature journals'
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Nelson, Mari E. "What is the nature of the knowledge base in student personnel work as reflected by three major journals /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143147692.
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Barata, Germana Fernandes. "Nature e Science: mudança na comunicação da ciência e a contribuição da ciência brasileira (1936-2009)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-25112010-102319/.
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A escolha dos meios em que se vai comunicar a ciência é uma importante estratégia para progredir na carreira científica ou, simplesmente, garantir o cumprimento da demanda cotidiana. Publicar em periódicos considerados de melhor qualidade e visibilidade tem sido uma exigência cada vez mais comum entre cientistas, sobretudo da área de ciências biomédicas e exatas. A comunicação da ciência nestes quase 350 anos, desde a criação dos primeiros periódicos, ganhou dimensão, prestígio e influência. Nesse cenário, Nature e Science, periódicos centenários e multidisciplinares, estão entre as publicações de maior prestígio na academia mundial. Esta tese de doutorado busca entender a mudança de papel dos periódicos científicos, desde a primeira metade do século XX, e o histórico das contribuições brasileiras para a ciência mundial. Um levantamento sobre tais contribuições foi realizado, por meio de busca no banco de dados internacional Web of Science, totalizando 370 contribuições na Nature (1937- 2009) e 254 contribuições na Science (1936-2009). Também foram realizadas entrevistas com 16 cientistas que publicaram nesses periódicos para entender suas escolhas e os impactos pessoais e profissionais de suas contribuições. À estratégia para difundir e compartilhar informações para a construção da ciência somou-se o marketing científico a priorizar veículos, autores, instituições, áreas do conhecimento, temas, visões, paradigmas. Nature e Science são representantes ativos e paradigmáticos desse novo ciclo da comunicação e da própria percepção sobre a construção da ciência. Suas páginas sugerem um desenvolvimento da ciência feito em saltos qualitativos e revolucionários, o que contribui para uma visão parcialmente deturpada sobre a construção da ciência e, inclusive, para uma percepção distorcida dos próprios cientistas sobre suas colaborações para a ciência mundial, que passam da prioridade do envolvimento intelectual, para a visibilidade e os resultados cientométricos.The choice of the means to communicate science becomes an important strategy to progress in the scientific career or, simply, to guarantee the fulfillments of daily demands. Publishing in journals considered of better quality and visibility has been a frequent requirement among scientists, mainly from the biomedical and hard sciences. The communication of science in the last 350 years, since the creation of the first journals, has acquired dimension, prestige and influence. In this scenario, Nature and Science, centenarian and multidisciplinary journals, are among the publications of greater prestige in the world-wide academy. This thesis aims at understanding the change of role of scientific journals, since the first half of 20th Century, and describing the Brazilian contributions for international science. A survey on such contributions was carried through, by searching in the international data base Web of Science, which totalized 370 contributions in Nature (1937-2009) and 254 in Science (1936-2009). Interviews had also been carried through with 16 scientists who had published in these journals to understand their choices and the personal and professional impacts of their contributions. The strategy to spread out and share information in order to build science up has been added to the science marketing which prioritizes journals and means of communication, authors, institutions, fields of knowledge, topics, opinions and paradigms according to the interest. Nature and Science represent active and paradigmatic assets of this new cycle of communication and of the perception of the construction of science. They suggest a development of science made in qualitative and revolutionary jumps, which contributes to a partially distorted perception about the construction of science and, also, about the scientists own contributions to science, that once has prioritized the intellectual involvement and now focuses on the visibility and the scietometric results.
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Pereira, João Pedro Moderno Neves. "What do editorial boards indicate about the nature, structure and directions of scholarly research?" Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14728.
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Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e InovaçãoO output científico no que diz respeito às publicações está relativamente restrito a determinadas regiões. Países cientificamente desenvolvidos representam uma maioria significativa no que toca ao número de publicações, aquando comparados com países em desenvolvimento. Neste caso, indicadores bibliométricos são ferramentas úteis para efetuar comparações e identificar assimetrias. Revistas académicas são o método mais comum de publicação de artigos científicos e a sua importância para a disseminação de conhecimento é inquestionável. Os artigos submetidos são sujeitos a escrutínio e seleção, sendo essa função praticada pelos conselhos editoriais. Esta dissertação tem como foco o estudo dos conselhos editoriais de revistas académicas na área da economia do desenvolvimento em três regiões: África, Ásia e América Latina. Com o intuito de comparar as revistas destas três regiões com mais reputadas, revistas líder na área da economia do desenvolvimento foram igualmente analisadas. Este estudo explora uma área pouco investigada, pois embora o interesse pelas estruturas dos conselhos editoriais tenha vindo a aumentar, não foram encontrados resultados sobre revistas focadas em estudos de regiões ou países. Agrupando os editores, várias variáveis foram estudadas: género, proveniência geográfica, afiliação institucional e relevância científica, no sentido de identificar características na intermediação científica. Regiões nativas ao foco das revistas são pouco representadas, especialmente África e América Latina. A representação feminina está em minoria, representando apenas pouco mais de um quarto da população editorial. Finalmente, foi calculada uma relação positiva entre o impacto das revistas e a performance dos editores.
Research output regarding publications is relatively polarized in a few regions. The majority of the published articles are written in English, but developed countries comprise an astounding difference when compared to developing ones. In this case, bibliometric indicators are used to measure these statistics, and asymmetries have been found through the time. Journals are the most common method of publication, and their importance to the dissemination of knowledge is undeniable since submitted articles are subjected to scrutiny and selection by their own internal governance. This dissertation focuses on the editorial boards' structure of leading journals covering development studies in three regions: Africa, Asia and Latin America, and in order to compare outlets covering studies in these regions with more impactful journals, leading ones from the development economics' subject field were also analysed. This study explores a relatively unknown area since although the interest about the journals' internal governance has been increasing, there are no significant findings on patterns and characteristics in the intermediation of studies focused on regions or countries. Gathering the editorial boards, several variables were studied: gender, geography, affiliation and research relevance. Native regions are found to be less represented in the respective studies' journals than expected, principally Africa and Latin America. Women editors are a minority, representing little over a quarter of the editorial population. A positive relation between the editors' relevance and impact of the journal was also found. Providing a scientometric analysis, patterns are discussed.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Hay, Alexander. "Hypernews and hyper-readers : hypertextual theory and the nature of electronic text journalism." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.697557.
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Draper, Electa M. ""Cold Fusion" A Comparison of Coverage in The New York Times, Science and Nature." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292190.
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Chappell, Catherine. "Hannah Arendt and Her Turn From Political Journalist To Political Philosopher." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1323.
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Thesis advisor: Rodrigo ChaconThesis advisor: Susan Shell
In this thesis, I will explore the natural tension that exists between philosophy and politics; theory and practice, and thought and action, especially as manifest in contemporary society. In order to investigate this tension, I will use a lens presented by Hannah Arendt and her writings, in particular the Human Condition and the Jewish Writings . I will use these works to illustrate Arendt's own conflict between the role of politics and philosophy in human affairs as experienced in her transition from a political journalist to a political theorist. I will argue that a comparison of these works shows Arendt's struggle with the tension between philosophy and politics; thought and action, and theory and practice. A comparison of these works also illustrates Arendt's paradoxical conclusion of the Human Condition: that in times of unprecedented crisis, although theory and philosophy are precisely what are necessary to prevent further destruction and tragedy, they unfortunately become superfluous, and then immediate (even if groundless) action becomes necessarily the only human capacity that can "save" the world
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Folayan, Oluseyi Olukemi. "Interactivity in online journalism : a case study of the interactive nature of Nigeria's online Guardian /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/59/.
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Thesis (M.A. (Journalism & Media Studies))--Rhodes University, 2004.A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Journalism and Media Studies.
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Peters, Gregory Merrill Deschaine. "Forever wild journeys through the North Fork /." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12292009-115313.
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Borlongan, Katherine. "Frontline: NGOs and the changing nature of news witnessing from disaster and conflict zones." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106598.
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Journalism as an institution has long sanctioned the status of witnessing as one of its favoured means of providing an accounting of reality. Due to shrinking resources and dwindling levels of public trust, many "traditional" news organizations are losing ground as the public's witnesses, especially with regard to conflict or disaster-stricken zones. One part of this erosion in professional foreign correspondence is that nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have begun to appropriate the witnessing practice of the news genre, and in so doing, position themselves—not just as news sources for journalists—but as news producers themselves. Such NGOs face the difficult demands of gaining and maintaining support from their publics and constituencies without the cultural authority that "official" journalists enjoy. Guided by a sociocognitive approach to genre, this thesis tells the survival story of news witnessing in disaster and conflict zones. It employs a multiple case study of three NGOS, namely Médecins Sans Frontières, Reporters sans frontières, and the Democratic Voice of Burma, to explore how NGOs consolidate themselves as witnesses in reference to three varying figures of a witnessing agent: 1) witness as a third party; 2) witness as a survivor; and 3) witness as an expert. In so doing, these NGOs transgress the jurisdictional boundary established and policed by professional newsmakers that hold sway over the conventions of news production practices. They also actively repurpose witnessing so as not to objectively depict a world as it is, as journalists are expected to do, but to help reconstruct it, as NGOs believe it ought to be.Le journalisme a depuis longtemps consacré le statut de témoin comme un maillon essentiel pour pouvoir rendre compte de la réalité. Mais en raison d'une diminution de leurs moyens et d'une crise de confiance du public à leur égard, beaucoup d'organisations médiatiques « traditionnelles » perdent du terrain en tant que témoins, particulièrement dans les zones touchées par un conflit ou un sinistre. Ce recul se traduit notamment par le fait que les organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) ont commencé à s'approprier depuis quelques années la pratique du témoignage journalistique, se positionnant ainsi comme source d'informations pour les journalistes mais aussi comme producteur d'informations. Dans ce rôle, les ONG font face au défi de devoir conquérir de nouveaux publics et satisfaire leurs sympathisants tout en souffrant d'un déficit de légitimité vis-à-vis des journalistes. Guidé par une approche sociocognitive du genre, nous analyserons dans ce mémoire l'évolution du genre du témoignage tel qu'il est pratiqué dans les zones de désastres et de conflits. Nous nous intéresserons plus précisément à trois ONG comme cas d'étude, à savoir Médecins Sans Frontières, Reporters sans frontières et Democratic Voice of Burma, afin de déterminer comment les ONG se construisent en tant que témoins selon les trois modèles suivant : 1) le témoin comme tierce personne, 2) le témoin comme rescapé, 3) le témoin comme expert. En agissant ainsi, les ONG franchissent les limites juridictionnelles établies et contrôlées par les professionnels de l'information, qui définissent les conventions et les pratiques de production de l'information. Les ONG réorientent également le témoignage de façon active, non pas pour décrire le monde tel qu'il est, comme on pourrait l'attendre de la part de journalistes, mais pour le transformer en ce que, selon elles, il devrait être.
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Dehghan, Azad. "Mining patient journeys from healthcare narratives." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/mining-patient-journeys-from-healthcare-narratives(69ebfa6d-764a-4dfe-bbf8-6aab1905a6f3).html.
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The aim of the thesis is to investigate the feasibility of using text mining methods to reconstruct patient journeys from unstructured clinical narratives. A novel method to extract and represent patient journeys is proposed and evaluated in this thesis. A composition of methods were designed, developed and evaluated to this end; which included health-related concept extraction, temporal information extraction, and concept clustering and automated work-flow generation. A suite of methods to extract clinical information from healthcare narratives were proposed and evaluated in order to enable chronological ordering of clinical concepts. Specifically, we proposed and evaluated a data-driven method to identify key clinical events (i.e., medical problems, treatments, and tests) using a sequence labelling algorithm, CRF, with a combination of lexical and syntactic features, and a rule-based post-processing method including label correction, boundary adjustment and false positive filter. The method was evaluated as part of the 2012 i2b2 challengeand achieved a state-of-the-art performance with a strict and lenient micro F1-measure of 83.45% and 91.13% respectively. A method to extract temporal expressions using a hybrid knowledge- (dictionary and rules) and data-driven (CRF) has been proposed and evaluated. The method demonstrated the state-of-the-art performance at the 2012 i2b2 challenge: F1-measure of 90.48% and accuracy of 70.44% for identification and normalisation respectively. For temporal ordering of events we proposed and evaluated a knowledge-driven method, with a F1-measure of 62.96% (considering the reduced temporal graph) or 70.22% for extraction of temporal links. The method developed consisted of initial rule-based identification and classification components which utilised contextual lexico-syntactic cues for inter-sentence links, string similarity for co-reference links, and subsequently a temporal closure component to calculate transitive relations of the extracted links. In a case study of survivors of childhood central nervous system tumours (medulloblastoma), qualitative evaluation showed that we were able to capture specific trends part of patient journeys. An overall quantitative evaluation score (average precision and recall) of 94-100% for individual and 97% for aggregated patient journeys were also achieved. Hence, indicating that text mining methods can be used to identify, extract and temporally organise key clinical concepts that make up a patient’s journey. We also presented an analyses of healthcare narratives, specifically exploring the content of clinical and patient narratives by using methods developed to extract patient journeys. We found that health-related quality of life concepts are more common in patient narrative, while clinical concepts (e.g., medical problems, treatments, tests) are more prevalent in clinical narratives. In addition, while both aggregated sets of narratives contain all investigated concepts; clinical narratives contain, proportionally, more health-related quality of life concepts than clinical concepts found in patient narratives. These results demonstrate that automated concept extraction, in particular health-related quality of life, as part of standard clinical practice is feasible. The proposed method presented herein demonstrated that text mining methods can be efficiently used to identify, extract and temporally organise key clinical concepts that make up a patient’s journey in a healthcare system. Automated reconstruction of patient journeys can potentially be of value for clinical practitioners and researchers, to aid large scale analyses of implemented care pathways, and subsequently help monitor, compare, develop and adjust clinical guidelines both in the areas of chronic diseases where there is plenty of data and rare conditions where potentially there are no established guidelines.
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Amner, Roderick John. "Deliberating the Dialogues: a critical examination of the nature and purpose of a Daily Dispatch public journalism project." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002870.
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This thesis critically examines the nature and purpose of a series of four town-hall-like meetings, the Community Dialogues, held in the townships and suburbs of East London, South Africa, in 2009. They were undertaken by a mainstream, commercial newspaper, the Daily Dispatch, under the banner of the worldwide public journalism movement. Following Christians et al (2009), the thesis sets out a normative framework of media performance in a democracy, including a detailed and critical normative theory of the ‘facilitative role’ proposed and developed by Haas (2007), one of the public journalism movement’s key advocate-theorists. It also draws on a variety of theoretical frameworks and perspectives in the fields of Political Studies and Media Studies to provide an analytical overview of the complex matrix of political and media contexts – at the macro (global), meso (national) and micro (local) levels – that have helped give impetus to the Community Dialogues and also shaped their ongoing operation as a public journalism strategy in the South African context. Following a critical realist case study design, the thesis goes on to provide a narrative account of the Dialogues based on in-depth interviews exploring the motivations, self-understandings and perceptions of those journalists who originated, directed and participated in this project, as well as observation of a Community Dialogue, and an examination of some of the journalistic texts related to the Dialogues. This primary data is then critically evaluated against normative theories of press performance, especially Haas’s ‘public philosophy’ of public journalism. The thesis found that apart from their undoubted success in generating a more comprehensive and representative news agenda for the newspaper, the Dialogues often fell short of Habermas’s (1989) proceduralist-discursive notion of the ‘deliberating public’, which sees citizens share a commitment to engage in common deliberation and public problem solving. This can be attributed to a number of problems, including some important theoretical/conceptual weaknesses in the Community Dialogues’ project design, the relative immaturity of the project, the domination of civil society by political society in the South African political context, and a number of organisational constraints at the Daily Dispatch. On the other hand, the newspaper’s editorial leadership has shown clear commitment to the idea of expanding the project in the future, establishing a more a more structured programme of community engagement, and nurturing a more sustainable public sphere, including the building of a more dialectical relationship between the Dialogues and civil society.
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Bagley, S. H. "Man Thinking about Nature: The Evolution of the Poet's Form and Function in the Journal of Henry David Thoreau 1837-1852." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1411121082.
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Crowther, Rebecca Louise. "Journeys to the ideal self : personal transformation through group encounters of rural landscape in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28941.
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This thesis focuses on explaining why group encounters with rural landscapes in Scotland are deemed to be positive for mental wellbeing. The relationship between greenspace and human wellbeing is a phenomenon that researchers across multiple disciplines are grappling with, though little research engages qualitatively. This thesis clarifies, ethnographically, why some people make excursions into rural spaces and why these excursions are believed to be positively transformational and associated with mental wellbeing. It outlines motivations for engaging in excursions from urban central Scotland to areas in rural Scotland. My research explores the intangible, ineffable and ephemeral experience of case study groups in ‘natural’ rural landscapes and what is relevant in the relations between the self and non-human in these circumstances. This thesis describes how and why group interactions within ‘natural’ space is adopted as a positive self-transformation strategy. It considers the ‘nature experience’ as relational between the self, the social and place - with what constitutes the social as ambiguous within case study interaction. This project was multi-sited: I travelled with my case study groups to rural spaces around the lowlands, highlands, and islands of Scotland. Case studies were multiple and diverse: A community living initiative, a youth development project, a mental health initiative, a forestry management project, and a loose community of artistic, neo-shamanic and psychotherapeutic practitioners. To remain responsive to my research communities and their activities I have developed a framework for a serendipitous ethnography which is outlined within the thesis. This project adopted a transdisciplinary research strategy, engaging with a theoretical framework spanning psychotherapy, psychology and eco-psychology, sociology, philosophy, human geography, anthropology and outdoor education as well as landscape and performance studies. This transdisciplinary thesis contributes to understandings of human and nature connectedness providing an account of cognitive, social and cultural experience. Primarily, this research was concerned with the self, the perception of the ideal and ought self in relation to motivations to journey in this manner and the self as part of a group and within the landscape as a dynamic and relational subject. I have considered the sense of self within these experiences as a metaphorical liminal site. I have discussed the group collectively as a site of dynamism and thus liminality. I then argue that this allows for the way that the landscape is perceived to be a site of liminality. With this we see the importance of temporality and structure, or indeed anti-structure, within these excursions as something which aids in the perspective that they are transformative. I have considered notions of perceived affordance and how this changes throughout experience with the increasing ability to associate ideas and abstract experience within one’s personal narrative. I explain how each group differs in how they perceive the rural landscape as something to instrumentalise, personify or anthropomorphise. With this comes an exploration of complex anthropocentric mindsets and the influence of these ways of thinking on experience. I suggest that individuals choose to journey to ‘natural’ rural environments to self-verify an aspect of their ought or ideal self with a desire to re-imagine the self through engagement with others. In self-verifying one’s ideal or ought sense of self, finding a sense of belonging within a group and believing oneself to be doing something good in relation to the ‘natural’ rural space, individuals and groups experience a sense of personal and social transformation.
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Vaughan, Margaret Ann M. ""How can you love the wolf and the Eskimo at the same time?": Representations of Indigenous peoples in nature magazines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280661.
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This research examined Audubon magazine's representations of Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Textual and image analysis spanned the years 1960 to 2002. Text and images were analyzed using cultural studies methods of critical textual analysis, critical discourse analysis, and ethnographic content analysis. Some of these representations were compared to other environmental magazines. Analysis included nature writing and news stories that covered the Keep America Beautiful Campaign, the use of eagles by Native Americans, the Nez Perce Wolf recovery project, the U'wa struggle against oil companies, and other issues. Contributors utilizing nature writing genre often utilized brief references to Indigenous peoples. These references provided a way to make points about nature, identities, and Indigenous peoples. I concluded that the imagery was not monolithic across time or across a particular topic. The "ecological Indian" image was both challenged and reinforced. A vast array of Indigenous images supported the magazine's goals, one goal being the encouragement of activism among readers. Letters-to-the-editor served as a dialogic space for perspectives not represented in the magazine's articles.
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Kerzazi, Rafika. "La nature et la fonction de la métaphore à travers des articles de presse extraits de 'L'Express" et "Le Point"." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H082.
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Ce travail a pour but de décrire les différents modes de fonctionnement de la métaphore à travers des articles de presse hebdomadaire extraits de l'express et le point, et ceci afin de saisir leurs spécificités, leurs fonctionnements linguistiques et leurs apports communicatifs. La première partie du travail est une discussion sur le figement, et un expose des principales théories linguistiques sur le processus métaphorique. La deuxième partie est une analyse descriptive de la métaphore, d'abord isolée de son contexte, et ensuite replacée dans son lieu de production, à savoir l'article. Cette analyse nous a permis d'insister sur quelques points essentiels concernant les métaphores dans les textes en question : - la récurrence de certaines métaphores figées et banales telles les métaphores du "jeu", du "spectacle", de la "guerre", etc. - les métaphores entretiennent des relations différentes avec leurs contextes. Elles sont isolables et locales quand on peut à la fois les identifier et les interpréter sans pour autant les assigner a contexte particulier, et elles sont filées ou continués quand elles nécessitent, pour être comprises, d'être rattachées à leur contexte linguistique ou extralinguistique. - la fonction principale de ces métaphores est une fonction d'évaluation. Elle permet effectivement d'amener le récepteur à concevoir un jugement, à se faire une opinion. Enfin, l'ensemble des effets produits par la métaphore s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une théorie générale ; celle de l'argumentation, plus précisément celle de la persuasion.
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Barker, Hazel. "A journey to learn about journeys : a practical examination of the nature of the relationship between the change manager and his change project." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26562/.
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This research is concerned with finding out about the nature of the relationship between the change manager and the change project. An action learning approach to the investigation and analysis was adopted throughout in order to achieve a 'practitioner's perspective' in a range of inter-related learning environments. The research tracks the progress of six change managers. To attempt to minimise the variables, six smaller organisations (i.e. those employing fewer than 250 employees) from the manufacturing and production sector were recruited; all were based within a 20 mile radius; and all were attempting to change to meet the key indicators of a national performance standard from a similar starting point. Please see Table 1 below for further details. From the work with the change managers and the action learning set, all of whom acted as co-researchers during the analysis phase, some conclusions were drawn. The most significant being that the relationship between the change manager and the change project could be described as being essentially symbiotic in its nature, insofar as the change project impacted directly and indirectly upon the change manager, and the change manager's direct and indirect actions influenced the degree of success of the change project. From the conclusions drawn, and as might be considered to befit an action learning approach to research, a practical solution was proposed for achieving more successful organisational change outcomes - a framework to enable the change manager to develop, within the context of the demands of the change project. The framework was not intended to be a constant, but rather a guide for action. Some conclusions were also drawn about the form of the development which might be required by those advising on change, as a consequence of the findings.
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Tachine, Amanda R. "Monsters and Weapons: Navajo Students' Stories on Their Journeys Toward College." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556873.
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The purpose of this story rug is to acquire a deeper understanding of 10 Navajo students' experiences as they journey toward college. Utilizing Indigenous theoretical frameworks including Tribal Critical Race Theory, Cultural Resilience, and Cultural Threads, this story rug centered attention on the systematic, structural forces and students' sources of strength that have shaped and continue to influence educational pathways for Navajo students. This story rug was guided by a qualitative mixed-method approach including Indigenous Storywork and narrative analysis. Through the assertion of the Navajo traditional oral story of the Twin Warriors, this story rug weaves in 10 Navajo students' experiences including the sociocultural and personal barriers, referred to as "monsters," that hindered their life and their college enrollment goals, how they internalized those "monsters," and then what were the sources of strength, referred to as "weapons," that guided them in life and toward college. The findings revealed systematic and personal monsters that intertwined within community, school, family, and self. The Financial Hardship Monster illustrated the struggles of poverty and its influence on students' educational aspirations. The Addiction Monster revealed how alcohol and drugs within community and family shaped students' pre-college journey. The Educational Deficit Monster uncovered Reservation schooling challenges that limited students' academic ability and college access. The final and more intimate monster, The Personal Struggles Monster, shed light on private and often unspoken challenges that students faced during a crucial time in the college-choice process. To overcome the monsters, students activated powerful weapons. The first set of weapons, Trusting Relationships and Vulnerability, entailed students' awareness of lessons learned during vulnerable moments and stories shared with mothers, grandmothers, and teachers. The Courage to Challenge Self weapons demonstrated that participation in college readiness opportunities and applying to high-stakes scholarships affirmed confidence that they were college material. The Transforming Obstacles to Positives weapons uncovered students' abilities to transform negative conditions into positive intentions, which motivated them to continue their journeys toward college. The final weapons, Faith in Spiritual Teachings, were spiritual and traditional teachings that reminded students that they were not alone and that they were unstoppable in proceeding toward college. This study underscored how context matters and penetrated in students' lives including systematic poverty, structural forces that fueled addiction, and systematic educational deficit and meritocracy ideologies. These stories have the power to transform discourses of deficiency to those of strength and honor for future Native student warriors and their educational attainment.
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Oligney, Ronald Eugene. "Making of The Color of Oil: a contemporary pattern for unleashing the potential of science and technology journalism." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3209.
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Ideologies, intellectually and religiously driven, color both politics and
economics. The relationship between government and the governed, human rights and
the rule of law all are affected by such ideologies. However, unless humans are willing
to change dramatically lifestyles honed in hundreds of years of historic developments,
energy and energy abundance are arguably the most critical needs of modern society. In
many ways energy has transcended ideology although there are still unrepentant
ideologues advocating otherwise. It was this realization, augmented by a few events,
that brought about the writing of The Color of Oil. The authors felt a need to combat
popular errors being promulgated by the media in an area of such great importance to the
entire human enterprise: Energy. A nonsensical 1999 cover story by the usually reliable
Economist magazine provided the last straw. Someone had to set the record straight.
But the dour-to-hostile climate that surrounded oil and energy at the turn of the
century presented certain challenges to getting the work published. As it turned out, the
unique qualifications of a science and technology journalist, the author of this thesis,
played a key role in making the publication a reality, and then a phenomenon of sorts. In
some ways, The Color of Oil suggests a meaningful new role for science and technology journalism and journalists in a media environment driven by movie stars and media
profits. The book was produced on a short timeline and with limited resources. The
book's message has played a role in key political decisions in the United States and
around the world; as a direct result of the book, the authors were invited and participated
extensively in development of energy policy in Texas and at the national level. It has
effected billions of dollars of commercial enterprise, providing as it did the blueprint for
development of Cheniere Energy, Inc., a $2 billion Houston company that today is one
of North America's premier LNG receiving companies. And testimonies from readers
of The Color of Oil suggest that the book has produced meaningful personal wealth
for many of its 30,000-plus readers.
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Zhao, Ruhan. "Study on European online quality journalism: a case study of internet-native news outlets in France, Belgium and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209253.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this research is the practice of quality news on internet-native news outlets. It aimed at answering the following questions:1) What is high quality news in internet-native news outlets? What is the criterion?
2) What are the process of development and experience of internet as news outlets? Why do professional journalists of traditional media seek internet as news outlets?
3) How do journalists use ICTs to make the best of alternative news outlets? What are the operation models and their characteristics?
This dissertation derived from the assumption that internet-native news outlets are effective journalistic practices to improve the quality of the news. To understand this proposition, various perspectives of definition and the way of measuring the quality of the news were adopted in this research. Practically, three internet-native news outlets were chosen as case studies in this research: The French website Rue89, Belgium website Apache and Spanish website Eldiario. The empirical part of this study includes twenty in-depth interviews and observation in their newsrooms, and basic statistics of top news stories in the home page of six websites from the three countries. Therefore, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this research.
The contribution of this research is rethinking quality journalism in the digital age and introducing the journalistic experiences of professional journalists. First, this research provides an academic definition for the newly generated websites, and theorizes it as Internet-native news outlets. Next, this research analysed internet-native news outlets systematically, especially importing the European journalism website to the domain of online journalism studies. Moreover, the introduction of journalist’s statues in different countries is a valuable complement for journalism studies. Furthermore, the method of interview, observation and case study were applied in this research, which is a new examination of online journalism research. Finally, internet-native news outlets create a positive interaction between journalists and readers, which also enrich the news issues and news resource. It is quite important to rethink and discover the social problems. These academic explorations certainly confront many challenges because of majority of social and culture factors, but the results would be valuable for the reflection on knowledge construction in the international academy.
Doctorat en Information et communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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SU, CHIAONING. "The Perfect Typhoon: Viewing Taiwan's Typhoon Morakot Through Journalistic Lenses." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/346914.
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Media & CommunicationPh.D.
Although scientific and technological progress continues to improve advanced warning technologies for meteorological and seismic events, natural disasters remain a threat globally. Asia is the continent most affected by natural disasters. Located in both the Circum-Pacific seismic belt and the western Pacific typhoon zone, Taiwan faces similar threats to its Asian neighbors. In 2009, the island nation experienced Typhoon Morakot and saw its massive rain-triggered landslides, burying more than 700 people in several rural villages and causing US$1.5 billion in economic losses. Furthermore, Typhoon Morakot was a political storm and a symbolic crisis because of the government's sluggish and inept response and the identity of the primary victims—Taiwanese Aborigines—who were forced to negotiate their racial identity and cultural heritage post-disaster. This dissertation examines the cultural and political role of disaster journalism. Employing a methodological triangulation of in-depth interviews with 23 veteran journalists who covered Typhoon Morakot and textual analysis of broadcast, newspaper, and online news coverage of Typhoon Morakot, this project investigates the process of disaster news-making, the visual construction of public emotions in broadcast news, the narrative attribution of political responsibility in newspapers, and the social justice potential of alternative media. News coverage of Typhoon Morakot thus provides both an outlet to witness the production and presentation of disaster news developed in a highly mature and competitive media environment and a glimpse into the international challenges and domestic predicaments faced by the newly democratized Taiwan.
Temple University--Theses
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Newman, Daniel Andrew. "Getting around the problem : an intensive study of the strategic nature of environmental journalists in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis examines environmental journalists, and the nature of their response to a set of perceived constraints within their professional context. Much of the literature on the subject to date would portray journalists as simply a channel through which previously screened information would be sent. The journalist, in this interpretation, is reduced to a mere transport device - one uninvolved in the
manufacture and negotiation of that which we see as news. This study refutes this viewpoint, holding instead that the environmental journalist, operating from the platform of a "round", has internalised a set of strategic methodologies that both acknowledge the constraints and work to circumvent them. Indeed, the title "Getting Around the Problem", was borrowed from a common response from those
in the sample set. The respondents collectively acknowledged the existence of a set of unique constraints, but always maintained there was a way to "get around
the problem". The study, operating at an intensive level of scrutiny, shows evidence of these constraints, explains their genesis, and demonstrates the journalists' own responses. Implicit in this study is the idea that journalists do in fact operate from within a managed system, but still continue, despite this fact, to retain a significant degree of professional autonomy.
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Gearing, Amanda Ann. "Lessons from media reporting of natural disasters : a case study of the 2011 flash floods in Toowoomba and the Lockyer Valley." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/61628/1/Amanda_Gearing_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Practice-led journalism research techniques were used in this study to produce a ‘first draft of history’ recording the human experience of survivors and rescuers during the January 2011 flash flood disaster in Toowoomba and the Lockyer Valley in Queensland, Australia. The study aimed to discover what can be learnt from engaging in journalistic reporting of natural disasters. This exegesis demonstrates that journalism can be both a creative practice and a research methodology.
About 120 survivors, rescuers and family members of victims participated in extended interviews about what happened to them and how they survived. Their stories are the basis for two creative outputs of the study: a radio documentary and a non-fiction book, that document how and why people died, or survived, or were rescued. Listeners and readers are taken "into the flood" where they feel anxious for those in peril, relief when people are saved, and devastated when babies, children and adults are swept away to their deaths.
In undertaking reporting about the human experience of the floods, several significant elements about journalistic reportage of disasters were exposed. The first related to the vital role that the online social media played during the disaster for individuals, citizen reporters, journalists and emergency services organisations. Online social media offer reporters powerful new reporting tools for both gathering and disseminating news. The second related to the performance of journalists in covering events involving traumatic experiences. Journalists are often required to cover trauma and are often amongst the first-responders to disasters. This study found that almost all of the disaster survivors who were approached were willing to talk in detail about their traumatic experiences. A finding of this project is that journalists who interview trauma survivors can develop techniques for improving their ability to interview people who have experienced traumatic events. These include being flexible with interview timing and selecting a location; empowering interviewees to understand they don’t have to answer every question they are asked; providing emotional security for interviewees; and by being committed to accuracy. Survivors may exhibit posttraumatic stress symptoms but some exhibit and report posttraumatic growth.
The willingness of a high proportion of the flood survivors to participate in the flood research made it possible to document a relatively unstudied question within the literature about journalism and trauma – when and why disaster survivors will want to speak to reporters. The study sheds light on the reasons why a group of traumatised people chose to speak about their experiences. Their reasons fell into six categories: lessons need to be learned from the disaster; a desire for the public to know what had happened; a sense of duty to make sure warning systems and disaster responses to be improved in future; personal recovery; the financial disinterest of reporters in listening to survivors; and the timing of the request for an interview.
Feedback to the creative-practice component of this thesis - the book and radio documentary - shows that these issues are not purely matters of ethics. By following appropriate protocols, it is possible to produce stories that engender strong audience responses such as that the program was "amazing and deeply emotional" and "community storytelling at its most important". Participants reported that the experience of the interview process was "healing" and that the creative outcome resulted in "a very precious record of an afternoon of tragedy and triumph and the bitter-sweetness of survival".
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Jones, Emily M. "The Political Nature of the Paris Commune of 1871 and Manifestations of Marxist Ideology in the Official Publications of the Central Committee." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5417.
Full textAbstract:
Historians originally claimed that the 1871 Paris Commune was inspired by Karl Marx. Since the 1960s, however, this assertion has been rejected by scholars who either claim that Marx had no influence over the Paris Communards or do not address the possibility that this influence existed. Many scholars have also claimed that the Commune was not political in any way, but was a rebellion inspired by patriotism, bitterness for the Versailles government’s capitulation of Paris to Prussia, or a spontaneous reaction to hostility from the national army’s attempt to disarm the indignant, rapidly organizing Parisian workers who called for municipal authority under their own socialist government. This thesis analyzes the official publications of the governing body of the Paris Commune and argues that these sources demonstrate that this movement was political in nature, and that Marxist ideology helped to shape the political minds of the revolutionary working class in Paris.
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Graydon, Jody. "Aboriginal representations in the Canadian news media: A socio-semiotic analysis of the media representation of Aboriginals in the Caledonia land dispute and of its relevance for the understanding of the identity of this group in Canadian society." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27983.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the issue of aboriginal representations in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and Canadian Television (CTV) news coverage of the Caledonia land dispute. The theoretical framework derives from the scholarly work done in the field of media and minority studies. The methodology that will be used to address the issue of aboriginal representations in the media is a socio-semiotic analysis of news clips generated by the CBC and CTV. The medium of television was selected for analysis because of its reliance on sound and image to convey meaning, which allows for a visual and a conventional textual analysis of how the aboriginal identity is represented by the media coverage of aboriginal land claim disputes. The results of this study suggest a possible biased representation of the aboriginal identity, one which is primarily based on their status as a minority within Canada.
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Barnard, Margaretha Magdalena. "Science and communication : a critical analysis of the coverage by the Namibian press of the introduction of communal conservancies as a form of community based natural resource management (CBNRM)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50088.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Science forms an integral part of our lives. It is tied to social practices, public policies and political affairs. Yet, very little is reported on it unless it is making hard news. This thesis was written from the premise that the public requires as much accurate information as possible to make choices and decisions. In many instances, they solely depend on the news media to supply that information. Journalists have a responsibility to reflect and explain the complexity of a world that is increasingly influenced by science. In Namibia the establishment of conservancies under the CBNRM programme of government, have an influence on many rural people's lives who would previously not have been too concerned about science news. Through the Media and Publicity Strategy of the CBNRM programme, communication of the environmental message of conservancies has been successful to a large extent, especially in terms of reportage in the local press. The messages conveyed in the press have been overwhelmingly positive and supportive of the system. From the perspective of the level of journalism practised in this regard, the effort has not been that great. Publications in Namibia operate on very limited budgets and have to manage with a minimum number of reporters. This means journalists are expected to cover a range of different beats, and are seldom offered the opportunity to develop as specialist writers in specific fields. The field of science and environment is generally not regarded as an area that produces hard news on a regular basis. This was evident in the articles reviewed for the purposes of this thesis. The majority of stories were written from press releases or field trips organised by the CBNRM programme organisers. Stories that were self-generated were not very well researched, or did not follow through on potential hard news angles or ideas. In a world of war, hunger, poverty, diseases and many other tragedies, the story of the development of communal conservancies is a wonderfully positive story that highlights the success of sustainable development, the upliftment of the rural poor and achievements in terms of conservation. It is a welcome change for journalists to tell a positive story to the world. However, as journalists should know, every story has two sides. The purpose is not necessarily to find fault with the conservancy philosophy or to shoot it down or find sensationalism where it is not due. Their role is to present a full, unbiased account of the facts so that their readers can make up their own minds on whether they support the concept, or not. If journalists failed to inform their readers about the problems experienced by the implementation of conservancies, then they have failed to give their readers the full picture. The conclusions drawn in this thesis on the level of science or environmental reporting in Namibia, serve to emphasise the urgent need for specialist writers in the profession. A handful of dedicated and committed science writers that increasingly raises the level of reporting will make a vast difference in the fields of science and environment in Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wetenskap vorm 'n integrale deel van ons lewens. Dit is gebind aan sosiale gebruike, openbare beleidsrigtings en politieke sake. Tog word daar baie min daaroor geskryf, behalwe wanneer dit harde nuus is. Hierdie tesis is geskryf vanuit die oogpunt dat die publiek soveel as moontlik akkurate inligting nodig het om keuses te maak. In baie gevalle vertrou hulle uitsluitlik op die nuus media om daardie inligting te verskaf. Joernaliste het 'n verantwoordelikheid om 'n wêreld wat al hoe meer beïnvloed word deur wetenskap te verduidelik. In Namibië het die daarstelling van bewareas deur die CBNRM-program van die regering, 'n groot invloed op die lewens van baie plattelandse mense se lewens gehad wat voorheen nie veel sou omgegee het oor wetenskapnuus nie. Die daarstelling van bewareas het 'n hele nuwe wêreld met baie nuwe uitdagings tot by hulle voordeur gebring. Dit was belangrik om hulle genoegsaam in te lig oor die voor- en nadele van die stelsel om hulle in staat te stelom te besluit of hulle wou betrokke raak of nie. Die boodskap wat die pers oorgedra het, was oorweldigend positief met baie steun vir die stelsel. Vanuit 'n joernalistieke perspektief gesien, was die beriggewing rue so noemenswaardig nie. Publikasies in Namibië werk met baie beperkte begrotings en moet klaarkom met 'n minimum aantal verslaggewers. Dit beteken daar word van joernaliste verwag om oor 'n wye verskeidenheid onderwerpe te skryf. Wetenskap- en omgewingsberiggewing word oor die algemeen gesien as 'n gebied wat nie werklik harde nuus op 'n gereelde basis produseer nie. Dit het duidelik gebleik uit die artikels wat ontleed is vir die doel van die tesis. Die meerderheid van die stories is geskryf van persverklarings en uitstappies georganiseer deur die CBNRM. Die stories wat wel self gegenereer is, was nie baie goed nagevors rue. In 'n wêreld van oorlog, hongersnood, armoede en siektes, is die ontwikkeling van . bewareas 'n wonderlike positiewe storie wat dien as bewys van die sukses van volhoubare ontwikkel, die opheffmg van plattelandse arm mense en wat bereik kan word met bewaring. Dit is 'n welkome verandering vir joernaliste om vir 'n slag 'n positiewe storie aan die wêreld te vertel. Maar, soos joernaliste behoort te weet, het elke storie twee kante. Die doel van 'n joernalis is nie noodwendig om fout te vind met die filosofie van bewareas nie, of om dit af te skiet of sensasie te soek waar dit nie nodig is nie. Hulle rol is om 'n volledige, onsydige verslag van die feite weer te gee sodat hulle lesers self kan besluit of hulle die konsep ondersteun of nie. As joernaliste daarin gefaal het om hulle lesers in te lig oor die probleme wat ondervind is met die implementering van bewareas, dan het hulle daarin gefaal om die volledige prentjie aan hulle lesers te skets. Die slotsom van die tesis oor die vlak van wetenskap- en omgewingsjoernalistiek in Namibië is dat daar 'n dringende tekort aan spesialis skrywers in die professie is. Selfs net 'n handvol toegewyde wetenskapskrywers sal al klaar 'n groot verbetering bring in die kwaliteit van verslaggewing in die wetenskap- en omgewingsvakgebied in Namibië.
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Frost, Jennifer. "Is natural good for you? Myths, perceptions and science in advertising, marketing and the media." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21623.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This assignment explores the assumptions and perceptions – both real, and created by the media, marketers and advertisers – surrounding the word “natural” when applied to health foods, vitamins, home remedies and medication. It also examines the anti-science stance taken by many promoters of such products and the appeal that stance holds for targeted consumers. In it an attempt is made to answer the following questions: What is the source of this apparently “antiscience” point of view? How have the media contributed to this type of sentiment? Why do socalled “natural” products hold more appeal to consumers than their synthetic equivalents? Is there a difference between such products? Is the difference real or perceived? Or, is it merely a media construct? Does the popularity of these ideas indicate a growing distrust of science and governments? What effect has the media’s portrayal of science had on peoples’ attitudes to it? And, above all, what have the media done to advance the idea that “natural” is good for you?
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk ondersoek die veronderstellings en persepsies – die werklike sowel as dié wat deur die media, bemarkers en adverteerders geskep word – met betrekking tot die woord “natuurlik” wanneer dit toegepas word op gesondheidsvoedsel, vitamiene, boererate en medikasie. Dit bekyk ook die antiwetenskaplike houding wat baie voorstanders van sodanige produkte inneem en die trefkrag wat dié houding op die teikenmark uitoefen. In dié studie is ’n poging aangewend om die volgende vrae te beantwoord: Wat is die oorsprong van hierdie klaarblyklik “antiwetenskaplike” oogpunt? Hoe het die media bygedra tot dié idee? Hoekom is die sogenaamd “natuurlike” produkte soveel aantrekliker vir die gebruiker as hulle sintetiese ekwivalente? Is daar ’n verskil tussen sodanige produkte? Is daar ’n werklike verskil of is dit slegs ‘n persepsie? Of is dit bloot ’n maaksel van die media? Dui die gewildheid van hierdie idees op ’n toenemende gebrek aan vertroue in die wetenskap en die owerhede? Watter uitwerking het die media se voorstelling van die wetenskap op mense se houding ten opsigte daarvan? En, veral, wat het die media gedoen ter bevordering van die idee dat “natuurlik” goed is vir jou?
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Owen, Daniel M. "Citizen Photojournalism: Motivations for Photographing a Natural Disaster and Sharing the Photos on the Web." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1362739905.
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Ruiz, Mutikainen Linnéa. "The fine line between journalism and advertising : A critical discourse study of ELLE.se’s use of advertorials and click-based content and an evolving hybrid genre." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157278.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the expressions of a commercialising fashion journalistic genre by focusing on how ELLE.se, Sweden’s biggest online fashion platform, use advertorials and click-based content. This is investigated through three research questions focusing on what journalistic and marketing discourses that are apparent in advertorials and click-based material; what blend of genres that are seen in different kinds of text commercial on ELLE.se and what discursive conflicts between journalistic ideals and commercial pressure are seen in the production of advertorial content. Theories used in the study are marketisation of public discourse together with Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the commercialisation of news and lastly genres, also focusing on fashion journalism as a genre. In order to explore the expressions a discursive analysis is used on advertorials and click- based material on ELLE.se whilst qualitative interviews with respondents producing the content are conducted to investigate the third research question. The results of the study show that numerous journalistic and marketing discourses are apparent in advertorials and click- based material, with personification through conversational discourse, the pursuit of happiness by portraying the reader as an imperfect person and a friendly brand through corporate advertising as three recurrent themes. A majority of the text commercial at ELLE.se balances between editorial content and advertisement, demonstrating many aspects of an evolving hybrid genre. Lastly, respondents in the qualitative interviews identify digitalisation, loss of journalistic quality and decreased reliability as three discursive conflicts between journalistic ideals and commercial pressure. The result stresses how the impact of commercialism and how journalistic and promotional discourses are continuously blended, showing aspects of ongoing hybridisation and converging genres.
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Yngvesson, Anton, and Lindah Tisjö. ""En galning råkade finnas i staden" : En kvalitativ framinganalys av Aftonbladets gestaltning av gärningsmannen bakom skolattacken i Trollhättan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-59909.
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On October 22, 2015, a masked man entered the primary school Kronan in Trollhättan and stabbed three people to death with a knife and a sword. Shortly after the attack the perpetrator was shot to death by the police. The event received a great deal of spatial attention in Swedish media and has been called the worst school attack in Swedish history. The twenty-one-year-old perpetrator had grown up in Trollhättan and it is his origin that is of interest in this study. The aim of this study is to examine how a perpetrator of native origin is portrayed in a Swedish medium. Previous research, which shows that there is a difference between how a perpetrator of native origin is portrayed compared to a foreign one, is used as background. According to these studies media often focuses on the perpetrator’s ethnicity and descent if the person is of foreign origin. Through a qualitative framing analysis we examine how the perpetrator in Trollhättan is portrayed in Sweden’s largest news website, namely aftonbladet.se. We explore how the perpetrator's ethnicity and origin are expressed and which of the perpetrator's characteristics are focused on by Aftonbladet. Through framing analysis we also explore how the perpetrator is portrayed from an us-and-them perspective, and how ideas and concepts are personalized through him. The results of this study show that the male perpetrator who is of native origin in the case Trollhättan is portrayed as a lone maniac who committed an act of evil and that Aftonbladet focused on his personal circumstances, for example that he had issues socializing.
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Lyons, Benjamin A. "Contesting the Mainstream? Citizen News Platforms, the Alternative Paradigm, and the BP Oil Spill." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1321.
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With emerging content forums blurring the distinctions between journalistic paradigms, this study helps illuminate those which best promote alternative practice. A content analysis of Deepwater Horizon oil spill coverage compared three platforms for online citizen journalism: corporate (CNN iReport), alternative (Indymedia), and independent blogs. News stories were coded for sources, links, author-reader interaction, mobilizing information, tone for the liable parties' ability and intent in handling the disaster, and contestation of official information. Results show that Indymedia was the most alternative in inclusion of mobilizing information, critical tone, contestation of mainstream versions, ratio of alternative links to mainstream, and total usage of alternative sources. iReport engendered the greatest rates of community via interaction, while also averaging the highest ratio of alternative sources. The blogs split on nearly all metrics, as one rated highly in every category and the other near last. This analysis determines which platforms are most likely to cultivate disaster news that stands as alternative to, and not extension of, the mainstream. This study makes a contribution to the theory of alternative media and is the first to compare citizen journalism sites against one another in measuring their adherence to the alternative paradigm, and its examination of CNN's citizen-report model also represents a novel contribution. The findings discussed may help direct citizens as they reach out to online communities in times of disaster.
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Page, Russell M. "Native Newspapers: The Emergence of the American Indian Press 1960-Present." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/638.
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During the 1960s and 1970s, tribes across Indian Country struggled for tribal sovereignty against “termination” policies that aimed to disintegrate the federal government’s trust responsibilities and treaty obligations to tribes and assimilate all Indians into mainstream society. Individual tribes, pan-Indian organizations, and militant Red Power activists rose up in resistance to these policies and fought for self-determination: a preservation of Indian distinctiveness and social and political autonomy. This thesis examines a crucial, but often overlooked, element of the self-determination movement. Hundreds of tribal and national-scope activist newspapers emerged during this era and became the authentic voices of American Indians and the messengers of the movement. This thesis examines the stories of several key newspapers. By looking at the opportunities and challenges their editors faced and the different approaches they took, this thesis will assess how they succeeded and fell short in telling authentic stories from Indian Country, fighting for distinct indigenous culture and rights, and reshaping public discourse and policy on American Indian affairs.
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Waldmann, Bergvall Carl. ""Egyptens plåga och resandes olycka" : En komparativ studie av Linnéapostlarna Fredric Hasselquist och Peter Forsskåls reseskildringar." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85292.
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In the 1700’s, natural history played an essential part in constructing the western view of the east and its inhabitants. Based on this assumtion, the primary aim of this study has been to examine how two of Carl Linaeus’ apostles (Petrus Forsskål and Fredric Hasselquist) wrote about their specific cultural encounters while travelling. In its essence, the results of the study has been that Mary Louise Pratts previous writings are applicable also on the travel writings of Forsskål och Hasselquist. Altough with a few significant deviations. For example it seems that the apostles considered the native history more relevant than what Pratts theory would give them credit for.
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Taleb, Farah. "Etude du comportement mécanique de sédiments argileux contenant des hydrates de gaz à partir de mesures in situ Hydromechanical properties of gas hydrate‐bearing fine sediments from in situ testing, in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123(11), November 2018." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0114.
Full textAbstract:
Les hydrates de gaz (GH) sont composés de molécules de gaz, souvent du méthane, piégées dans des cages d’eau. Ils se trouvent principalement dans les sédiments des marges continentales et du pergélisol, où les conditions de stabilité (haute pression et basse température) nécessaires à leur présence sont réunies. Les GH sont considérés comme une source d’énergie mais aussi un facteur aggravant des aléas sous-marins et une source de gaz à effet de serre. Il est indispensable de comprendre les conséquences de la présence de ces composés métastables sur les propriétés géo-mécaniques des sédiments qui les contiennent (GHBS). Ifremer a mené plusieurs campagnes océanographiques visant à évaluer ce type d’aléas géologique dans le Golfe de Guinée, où un système à flux de gaz élevé avait pu être observé. La base de données est composée d’un ensemble de mesures in-situ acoustiques, géotechniques et de mesures de dissipation de pression interstitielle, ainsi que de carottes sédimentaires et de profils sismiques.Dans le but de comprendre l’effet de la saturation en GH et de leur morphologie et distribution sur les propriétés mécaniques des GHBS, ce travail de thèse a exploité l’ensemble de ces données. Cette étude a révélé que les GHBS argileux ont un comportement contractant lors du cisaillement qui s’oppose au comportement dilatant des sédiments sableux. En outre, différentes morphologies des GH ont été associées aux différents traits de comportement mécanique des GHBS. Pour des saturations en GH élevées (>10%), la diffusivité hydraulique des GHBS a tendance à augmenter avec l’accroissement de la concentration de ces hydrates. Ce phénomène est lié à la présence de fractures ou à la diminution de la compressibilité du sédiment. Un nouveau modèle constitutif basé sur le principe d’ « indices des vides équivalents » a été utilisé pour simuler le comportement mécanique des GHBS. Les résultats ont montré qu’un seul paramètre lié à la présence et la morphologie des GH est nécessaire au modèle pour reproduire correctement le comportement mécanique des GHBSGas hydrates (GH) are composed of gas molecules, often methane, trapped in a lattice of hydrogen-bonded water molecule. They are found in sediments of continental margins and permafrost, lakes and inland seas, where their stability conditions (high pressure and low temperature) are met. GH are considered as a potential energy resource but furthermore as a potential submarine geohazard and source of greenhouse gases. It is essential to understand the consequences of the presence of these metastable components on the geo-mechanical properties of their host sediment (GHBS). Ifremer has conducted several oceanographic campaigns aiming to assess such geohazard in an area of the deep-water Niger Delta, characterised by hydrates which formed in high gas flux environments in clayey sediment. The database is composed of in-situ acoustic, geotechnical, pore-pressure dissipation measurements, as well as cores and seismic profiles.The PhD work exploited the dataset with the aim of understanding the effect of GH content, morphology and distribution on the mechanical and hydraulic properties of the GHBS. This rare field study revealed that marine GH-bearing clays have a contractive behaviour upon shearing, which contrasts with the dilative behaviour of sandy GHBS often discussed in litterature. Alternatively, different morphologies of GH have been linked with different features of the mechanical behaviour of GHBS. For high GH saturtion (> 10%), the hydraulic diffusivity of the GHBS was observed to increase with increasing GH content, which was linked to fractures or decrease in compressibility. A new simple constitutive model based on “equivalent skeleton void ratio” was used in order to simulate the mechanical behaviour of GHBS.Preliminary results show that only one additional parameter related to the morphology of hydrate is necessary to correctly simulate the mechanical behaviour of GHBS
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Moreau, Lise, and Lise Moreau. "L'évolution des pratiques rédactionnelles et de l'identité discursive des journalistes pratiquant dans le domaine de l'information judiciaire de nature criminelle et pénale de 1950 à 2010." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36237.
Full textAbstract:
Notre thèse vise d’abord à démontrer que, de 1950 à 2010, il y a eu des changements dans les représentations journalistiques de la justice et des magistrats et ensuite, à expliquer ces transformations. Un corpus de 350 articles de presse, soit cinquante textes publiés la première année de chaque décennie, sélectionnés de manière aléatoire dans le journal La Presse, est étudié par l’intermédiaire de l’analyse critique du discours. Selon cette méthode, l’analyse et la compréhension d’un discours requièrent de prendre en compte les conditions dans lesquelles il est produit, puisque ces conditions déterminent la nature des représentations qui y sont inscrites. En effet, les journalistes ne possèdent pas une totale liberté leur permettant de décider des sujets à traiter et de la manière de le faire. Ce sont les rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec la source de leur discours, les collègues, l’employeur, les lecteurs, etc., qui le déterminent. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’analyse critique d’un discours dans une perspective diachronique ne peut être complète sans le situer dans l’environnement, lui aussi changeant, dans lequel il prend forme, car des « rapports de force » (entendus comme la possibilité d’agir sur autrui en fonction des ressources et des contraintes de chacun) se jouent derrière son élaboration et en forgent la signification. Chaque sous-environnement (dans notre cas, particulièrement les sous-environnements judiciaire et médiatique), se compose effectivement de structures (par exemple, les lois, les tribunaux, l’entreprise de presse, le marché des médias, etc.) ayant pour effet, soit de faciliter le travail des journalistes, soit de le contraindre en limitant leurs marges de manoeuvre. Ces structures, contribuant à établir ce qu’ils peuvent écrire, évoluent elles aussi. L’effet combiné des différents éléments structurants d’un même sousenvironnement, de même que les interactions entre sous-environnements et entre les individus, interviennent en jouant sur le rapport de force (ce dernier sera parfois à l’avantage des journalistes ou encore à leur désavantage), tout en contribuant à déterminer le statut social et professionnel dont disposent les journalistes et les juges. Il arrive que les changements dans ces conditions de production entraînent à leur tour des transformations plus ou moins prononcées dans les façons de faire des journalistes et, par la même occasion, dans leur discours. Lorsqu’ils écrivent, les journalistes laissent dans leurs textes, sans même le vouloir, des traces des rapports sociaux qu’ils entretiennent avec le sujet et l’objet dont ils traitent, ainsi qu’avec ceux à qui ils s’adressent. La notion d’identité discursive journalistique permet d’observer l’effet émergent de pratiques routinières à un moment précis de leur évolution, car inconsciemment, les journalistes rédigent leurs articles en conformité avec la manière constituant la norme au moment où ils écrivent leurs textes. Ce concept nous permet alors de déceler, à l’aide d’indicateurs microtextuels et macrotextuels, les conséquences de ces rapports dans la production de l’énonciation journalistique. L’institution judiciaire et les entreprises de presse sont deux organisations de nature discursive, chacune possédant son système de valeurs, ses propres significations, son public cible, ses objectifs, bref, son système sémiotique spécifique. En ce sens, lorsque les journalistes rendent compte de ce qui se produit devant les tribunaux, ils mettent en discours un discours déjà construit une première fois par la justice et ses représentants. Selon qu’ils possèdent une identité discursive plus ou moins forte, les journalistes se permettront de modifier ou au contraire de reproduire le plus fidèlement possible, l’énonciation originale. Ainsi, en 1950, sans qu’ils en soient nécessairement conscients, les journalistes s’appliquent à construire la nouvelle en privilégiant la logique énonciative et les intérêts de l’institution judiciaire, comme si le rôle attendu d’eux en était un de rapporteur. Les valeurs rattachées aux acteurs du premier niveau sémiotique demeurent donc prédominantes dans les articles de presse. À la fin de la période étudiée, il apparaît évident que l’identité discursive des journalistes se trouve renforcée. Ils se distancient de la sémiotique judiciaire en remaniant l’énonciation originale. La prédominance des valeurs associées à la justice va de plus en plus s’estomper au moment de la seconde sémiotisation, désormais construite en fonction de la logique énonciative des journalistes et de leur évaluation de ce que désirent les lecteurs, ce qui contribue par la suite à conforter, voire affermir, leur statut social et professionnel.Notre thèse vise d’abord à démontrer que, de 1950 à 2010, il y a eu des changements dans les représentations journalistiques de la justice et des magistrats et ensuite, à expliquer ces transformations. Un corpus de 350 articles de presse, soit cinquante textes publiés la première année de chaque décennie, sélectionnés de manière aléatoire dans le journal La Presse, est étudié par l’intermédiaire de l’analyse critique du discours. Selon cette méthode, l’analyse et la compréhension d’un discours requièrent de prendre en compte les conditions dans lesquelles il est produit, puisque ces conditions déterminent la nature des représentations qui y sont inscrites. En effet, les journalistes ne possèdent pas une totale liberté leur permettant de décider des sujets à traiter et de la manière de le faire. Ce sont les rapports qu’ils entretiennent avec la source de leur discours, les collègues, l’employeur, les lecteurs, etc., qui le déterminent. C’est la raison pour laquelle l’analyse critique d’un discours dans une perspective diachronique ne peut être complète sans le situer dans l’environnement, lui aussi changeant, dans lequel il prend forme, car des « rapports de force » (entendus comme la possibilité d’agir sur autrui en fonction des ressources et des contraintes de chacun) se jouent derrière son élaboration et en forgent la signification. Chaque sous-environnement (dans notre cas, particulièrement les sous-environnements judiciaire et médiatique), se compose effectivement de structures (par exemple, les lois, les tribunaux, l’entreprise de presse, le marché des médias, etc.) ayant pour effet, soit de faciliter le travail des journalistes, soit de le contraindre en limitant leurs marges de manoeuvre. Ces structures, contribuant à établir ce qu’ils peuvent écrire, évoluent elles aussi. L’effet combiné des différents éléments structurants d’un même sousenvironnement, de même que les interactions entre sous-environnements et entre les individus, interviennent en jouant sur le rapport de force (ce dernier sera parfois à l’avantage des journalistes ou encore à leur désavantage), tout en contribuant à déterminer le statut social et professionnel dont disposent les journalistes et les juges. Il arrive que les changements dans ces conditions de production entraînent à leur tour des transformations plus ou moins prononcées dans les façons de faire des journalistes et, par la même occasion, dans leur discours. Lorsqu’ils écrivent, les journalistes laissent dans leurs textes, sans même le vouloir, des traces des rapports sociaux qu’ils entretiennent avec le sujet et l’objet dont ils traitent, ainsi qu’avec ceux à qui ils s’adressent. La notion d’identité discursive journalistique permet d’observer l’effet émergent de pratiques routinières à un moment précis de leur évolution, car inconsciemment, les journalistes rédigent leurs articles en conformité avec la manière constituant la norme au moment où ils écrivent leurs textes. Ce concept nous permet alors de déceler, à l’aide d’indicateurs microtextuels et macrotextuels, les conséquences de ces rapports dans la production de l’énonciation journalistique. L’institution judiciaire et les entreprises de presse sont deux organisations de nature discursive, chacune possédant son système de valeurs, ses propres significations, son public cible, ses objectifs, bref, son système sémiotique spécifique. En ce sens, lorsque les journalistes rendent compte de ce qui se produit devant les tribunaux, ils mettent en discours un discours déjà construit une première fois par la justice et ses représentants. Selon qu’ils possèdent une identité discursive plus ou moins forte, les journalistes se permettront de modifier ou au contraire de reproduire le plus fidèlement possible, l’énonciation originale. Ainsi, en 1950, sans qu’ils en soient nécessairement conscients, les journalistes s’appliquent à construire la nouvelle en privilégiant la logique énonciative et les intérêts de l’institution judiciaire, comme si le rôle attendu d’eux en était un de rapporteur. Les valeurs rattachées aux acteurs du premier niveau sémiotique demeurent donc prédominantes dans les articles de presse. À la fin de la période étudiée, il apparaît évident que l’identité discursive des journalistes se trouve renforcée. Ils se distancient de la sémiotique judiciaire en remaniant l’énonciation originale. La prédominance des valeurs associées à la justice va de plus en plus s’estomper au moment de la seconde sémiotisation, désormais construite en fonction de la logique énonciative des journalistes et de leur évaluation de ce que désirent les lecteurs, ce qui contribue par la suite à conforter, voire affermir, leur statut social et professionnel.
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Johnsson, Alexander. "När produkten är nyheten : En kvalitativ undersökning av kommersiella tidningars rapportering om hemelektronikprodukter." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32364.
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This study examines three commercially driven swedish news organizations that cover consumer electronics in some way. These are: MacWorld, Dagens Industri and Ny Teknik. The aim of this study is to analyze the policies and ethical guidelines regarding consumer electronics of each news organization and see how these translate to the finished articles. This study also aims to examine if the articles from each news organization can be interpreted as native advertising and/or adverising for the product. To achieve this, qualitative interviews have been conducted with representatives from each news organization, about their guidelines and general attitudes regarding consumer electronics. Furthermore, a qualitative content analysis of 13 articles in total has been conducted. To limit this study, one product has been chosen as the analysis object. This product is the Apple Watch and all the analyzed articles has a focus on the product. The results show that the policies and ethical guidelines about consumer electronics where very similiar between the three news organizations. All three were strongly against native advertising and any other form of favouritism. They emphazied that their credibilty towards their audience was the most important thing and that their focus were on what was important and interesting for the audience, not financial gain. However, the representatives, did say that they experienced their reporting about consumer electronics as difficult, and descibed it as a balancing act. The content analysis show that all of the articles about the Apple Watch had similarities to native advertisning and regular advertising for the product, and that they could be interpreted as such. There was a discrepancy between the policies and the actual articles. The interviews painted a picture of the ideal and morally correct way of reporting about consumer electronics. The articles on the other hand did not always live up to these standards. However, this should not be interpreted as if the media organizations were immoral and lied about their use of native advertising. Yet, this study illustrates the difficulty in reporting about consumer electronics without it being interpreted as advertising, and supports previous calls for revised guidelines and definitions about what is and what is not considered native adverising.
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Ribeiro, Swen. "Induction non-supervisée de schémas d’évènements à partir de textes journalistiques." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS059.
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L'événement est un concept central dans plusieurs tâches du Traitement Automatique des Langues, en dépit de l'absence d'une définition unifiée de ce que recouvre cette notion. Le traitement des événements s'est structuré sous l'égide des campagnes d'évaluation MUC (Message Understanding Conference), qui fournissaient des structures de référence appelées schémas (templates), se présentant sous la forme d'un titre et d'une collection d'arguments (slots), chacun représentant un élément caractéristique de l'événement décrit (par exemple l'épicentre d'un séisme). La création de ces schémas requiert une connaissance experte et est donc longue, coûteuse et difficile à étendre à un large ensemble de domaines de spécialité.En parallèle de ces travaux, la quantité de données produites par les individus et les organisations a crû de manière exponentielle, ouvrant des perspectives applicatives inédites. Cette croissance a notamment favorisé l'essor d'un nouveau paradigme journalistique appelé journalisme de données (data-journalism).Le présent travail se propose d'induire, à partir d'un grand volume de texte journalistique et sans supervision, des représentations synthétiques d'événements journalistiques comparables aux templates des campagnes MUC, dans l'objectif de faciliter l'exploitation de grandes masses de données par des journalistes des données. Pour ce faire, nous suivons une approche ascendante divisée en trois grandes étapes. Dans la première étape, nous groupons ensemble les nombreuses mentions textuelles relatant la même réalisation d'un événement, identifiée dans le temps et l'espace et appelée instance. La deuxième étape vise à s'abstraire des caractéristiques spatio-temporelles de chaque instance pour les grouper en grands types d'événements. Enfin, la dernière étape de cette contribution vise à extraire les éléments caractéristiques de chaque type d'événement induit afin d'en proposer une représentation synthétique assimilable à un schéma d'événementEvents are central in many Natural Language Processing tasks, despite the lack of a unified definition for the concept. The field of event processing took off with the MUC evaluation campaigns that provided participants with reference structures called templates. These templates were composed of a title (the name of the event) and several slots, i.e specific and atomic pieces of data about the event. Creating these templates is an expert task and therefore costly, painstaking and hard to extend to new domains.Meanwhile, the amount of data produced by individuals and organizations has grown exponentially, opening unprecedented perspectives of applications. In the journalistic domain, it fueled the development of a new paradigm called data-journalism.In this work, we aim at inducing synthetic representations of events from large textual journalistic corpora. These representations would be comparable to MUC templates and used by data-journalists to explore large textual news datasets. To this end, we propose a bottom-up approach composed of three main steps. The first step clusters several textual mentions of a same particular event (i.e tied to a time and place) to identify distinct instances. The second step groups these instances together based on more abstract features to infer event types. Finally, the third and last step extracts the most salient elements of each type to produce the synthetic, template-like structure we are looking for
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Suryanarayan, Renuka. "U.S. Elite Newspapers' Pre- and Post-tsunami Coverage, 2003-2006: A Case Study of Sri Lanka." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1213978333.
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Bouchekif, Abdesselam. "Structuration automatique de documents audio." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1038/document.
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La structuration en thèmes est un domaine de recherche très prisé dans le traitement automatique du langage naturel car elle est le point de départ de plusieurs applications comme la recherche d’information, le résumé automatique et la modélisation des thèmes. Dans cette thèse, nous avons proposé un système de structuration automatique des journaux d’informations. Notre système contient deux modules : segmentation thématique et titrage. La segmentation thématique consiste à effectuer un pavage de l’émission en segments thématiquement homogènes. Ces derniers, sont généralement identifiés par des étiquettes anonymes, c’est alors le rôle du module de titrage d’affecter un titre à chaque segment.Ces travaux ont permis plusieurs contributions originales tel que l’exploitation conjointe de la distribution des mots et des locuteurs (cohésion de la parole) ainsi que l’utilisation des relations sémantiques de type diachronique. Après l’étape de segmentation, nous proposons d’apparier chaque segment avec les articles de presse du même jour. Le titre associé au segment est celui de l’article le plus proche thématiquement. Finalement, nous avons proposé deux nouvelles métriques d’évaluation, l’une pour la segmentation thématique et l’autre pour le titrage. Les expériences sont menées sur trois corpus caractérisés par leur richesse et leur diversité. Ils sont constitués de 168 journaux télévisés issus de 10 chaînes françaises transcrits automatiquementThe topic structuring is an area that has attracted much attention in the Natural Language Processing community. Indeed, topic structuring is considered as the starting point of several applications such as information retrieval, summarization and topic modeling.In this thesis, we proposed a generic topic structuring system i.e. that has the ability to deal with any TV Broadcast News.Our system contains two steps: topic segmentation and title assignment. Topic segmentation consists in splitting the document into thematically homogeneous fragments. The latter are generally identified by anonymous labels and the last step has to assign a title to each segment.Several original contributions are proposed like the use of a joint exploitation of the distribution of speakers and words (speech cohesion) and also the use of diachronic semantic relations. After the topic segmentation step, the generated segments are assigned a title corresponding to an article collected from Google News during the same day. Finally, we proposed the evaluation of two new metrics, the first is dedicated to the topic segmentation and the second to title assignment.The experiments are carried out on three corpora. They consisted of 168 TV Broadcast News from 10 French channels automatically transcribed. Our corpus is characterized by his richness and diversity
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Carignan, Marie-Ève. "La modification des pratiques journalistiques et du contenu des nouvelles télévisées, du quotidien à la situation de crise : analyse France/Québec." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1039/document.
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La présente thèse s'intéresse à la couverture de l'information lors de crises, soit des événements brutaux et inattendus, attribuables « à une situation très difficile, voire dangereuse, pour un individu, une organisation, un corps social, un système économique ou un pays » . Elle a pour objectif de définir en quoi les pratiques journalistiques et le contenu des médias diffèrent du quotidien à la situation de crise. L'hypothèse de départ, sur laquelle elle s'appuie, est qu'en situation de crise, les pratiques journalistiques seront affectées par l'émotivité, l'impulsion du moment et la recherche d'exclusivité. S'agissant du contenu, il y aura saturation de certains thèmes liés à la crise, alors que plusieurs sujets abordés quotidiennement seront évacués et que le risque d'erreurs ou d'inexactitudes sera exacerbé. Ce travail doctoral emprunte la voie de la comparaison entre la France et le Québec, deux pays présentant une structure de chaînes télévisées similaire, laquelle permet d'établir des bases de comparaison valables. Pour répondre au questionnement initial, une triple stratégie méthodologique a été adoptée. Cette stratégie inclut des entretiens semi-directifs sous forme d'histoire de vie professionnelle, réalisés avec différents acteurs de l'information. Suivent les résultats d'une analyse quantitative du contenu des journaux télévisés qui s'appuie sur un corpus composé de reportages présentés lors de trois types de crises survenues en France et au Québec, soit des crises « sociales », des crises « naturelles » et des crises « mixtes ». Enfin, une analyse de contenu des 1 676 décisions issues de la jurisprudence du Conseil de presse du Québec a été effectuéeThis thesis focuses on the news coverage during abrupt and unexpected events, due to "a very difficult situation, even dangerous, for an individual, an organization, a social body, an economic system or a country" and aims to determine in what journalistic practices and media contents in a crisis situation differ from the ordinary daily practices. The assumption on which this thesis rests is that in a crisis situation, journalistic practices will be affected by emotions, the spur of the moment and the search for exclusivity. Regarding content, there will be saturation of certain issues related to the crisis, while many daily topics will be removed and the risk of errors or inaccuracies will be exacerbated. This doctoral work follows the path of a comparison between France and Quebec, as both countries present a similar language and TV channel structure, which allows us to establish valid comparison bases. To answer the question of the research, a triple methodological strategy was adopted. First are presented the results of semi-structured interviews we made, in the form of professional life stories, with different actors from the information sector. These are followed by the results of a quantitative content analysis of television news which is based on a corpus formed of reports presented during three types of crises in France and in Quebec: "social" crisis, "natural" crises and "mixed" crises. Finally, a content analysis of 1,676 decisions from the jurisprudence of the Quebec Press Council was conducted
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Saint, Georges Marie-Eve. "Le traitement journalistique des crises politiques et des catastrophes naturelles : (les cas de la RdCongo et du Rwanda ; d’Haïti et du Japon)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020007.
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En quoi le traitement journalistique contribue-t-il à une construction de l’Histoire, quand il se confronte à la barbarie du genre humain ou aux pires déchaînements de Mère Nature ? De quels éléments de compréhension dispose-t-on dans la mémoire de ces événements ? La place occupée par le journaliste sur ces terrains en crise est intenable. Il est comme coincé dans une crise perpétuelle qu’il ne vit qu’au présent. Avec des archives conservées ou non, les traces disponibles sont très aléatoires. Je souhaite décortiquer ce que l’on appelle parfois la machine médiatique. Par une recherche approfondie mais non moins sélective des médias et des publics qui les consomment, il s’agit de trouver les clés pour comprendre comment ces crises majeures se transforment en une nouvelle Histoire focalisée sur l’instantané du journaliste qui traite de ces crises. Guerres, crimes génocidaires, tremblements de terre, tsunami : cette toile de fond ne reçoit pas le même traitement journalistique selon que l’on se situe en avril 1994 ou en janvier 2010.Interroger l’approche de ces crises qui se ressemblent mais déchirent les mémoires diversement selon que le traitement journalistique porte sur la République démocratique du Congo ou le Rwanda ; éclairer ce qui fait le terreau du misérabilisme ou suscite l’admiration dans la manière de rapporter les événements qui touchent Haïti ou le Japon ; savoir pourquoi telle ou telle direction est privilégiée dans la couverture de ces crises dans la presse imprimée francophone à travers des titres belge et français ; comprendre comment le Web bouscule les choix et la vitesse de la couverture du chaos : voici la base de cette rechercheHow does media coverage contribute to build History, when it faces Human atrocities and huge natural disasters? What keys to understanding can be found in the recollection of such events? The journalist’s position on these unstable fields is untenable. He is stuck in a permanent crisis that he can only watch as a contemporary witness. And, because records are not always held, traces are randomly available. My objective is to dissect what we may call the media spiral. Through an in-depth but nonetheless selective study of the Medias and their publics, the aim is to find keys to understanding how these major crises are turned into a new History focused on the reporter’s snapshot. Wars, genocides, earthquakes, and tsunami: this backdrop is not subject to the same media coverage depending whether we are in April 1994 or in January 2010. Questioning the approach to crises which are alike, but tear memories variously as the journalistic treatment concerns the Democratic Republic of Congo or Rwanda; decoding what is a breeding ground for ‘miserabilism’ on the one hand, and what arouses the admiration on the other hand, in the way of reporting the events which affect Haiti or Japan; trying to find out why such or such direction is favoured in the coverage of these crises in French-speaking printed press, through the study of Belgian and French titles; comprehending why the Internet rushes the choices and the race for the chaos coverage: here is the basis of this research
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Noordhuis-Fairfax, Sarina. "Field | Guide: John Berger and the diagrammatic exploration of place." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/154278.
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Positioned between writing and drawing, the diagram is proposed by John Berger as an alternative strategy for articulating encounters with landscape. A diagrammatic approach offers a schematic vocabulary that can compress time and offer a spatial reading of information. Situated within the contemporary field of direct data visualisation, my practice-led research interprets Berger’s ‘Field’ essay as a guide to producing four field | studies within a suburban park in Canberra. My seasonal investigations demonstrate how applying the conventions of the pictorial list, dot-distribution map, routing diagram and colour-wheel reveals subtle ecological and biographical narratives.
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Chen, Caleb Isin, and 陳依信. "The Metamorphosis of the Young Nature Lovers – An Investigation of the Learning Journeys of Naturalists." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j9u4dk.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系
102
As a teacher, the researcher noticed some children who loved nature observation and had distinct performance as observers. However, not every individual can develop his/her interest and achieve excellence. Hence I intended to investigate current nature experts who had manifested distinct naturalist intelligence. Through a review of their growth, the developing process of an excellent nature observer becoming a nature expert is sketched. The issues explored are as follows: (1) What is the early depiction of a nature observation expert? (2) What was the distinct performance of the experience of a nature observation expert had in early ages? (3) How did they develop in their distinct nature observation abilities? The study adopted semi-structured interviews as the main source of data collection. The three participants are currently engaged in work involving nature observation. After the data being summarized and analyzed, it revealed the developing process of the participants separately and was finally discussed integrally. The findings of the study are as follows: (1) Nature observation experts manifested obvious biophilia when they were young. During their early years, they enjoyed getting together with living creature and loved to observe and study them. However, this distinct performance was likely to be neglected by teachers. (2) Once their passion for nature observation was triggered, they were able to devote to observation activities for long time periods and had a vocation to be an expert in this field. (3) The development of the ability to nature observation comprises four stages including beginning, progression, converting, and escalation. Different stages have different characters, and the common characters consist of discovery, observation, amazement, and expectation. (4) There was the passion of biophilia throughout all stages. It became their inner support, while observation fields and encouragement from others played a role as their outer support. (5) The stage ‘converting’ has a significant impact on the qualitative converting of nature observation. The emergence of qualitative converting has a significant impact on whether a nature observer has a chance to become an expert or genius in this field. In the end of this paper, suggestions are provided for establishing a gifted education which can satisfy the special need of children with distinct naturalist intelligence, modifying the role of parents, and researching in the future.
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Ottaviani, Jacopo. "Applications of opinion mining to data journalism." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/3583.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mest., Processamento de Linguagem Natural e Indústrias da Língua, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2013Nowadays social media play a central role in every day life. A huge volume of user-generated data spins around online social networks, such as Twitter, having an extraordinary impact on the media industry and on the users’ everyday life. More and more users and people use social networks from their computers and smartphones to share their emotions and opinions about the facts happening in the world. Natural language processing and, in particular, sentiment analysis are key technologies to make sense out of the data about news that circulates in the online social networks. The application of opinion mining to news-oriented user-generated contents, such as news-linking tweets, can provide novel views on the news audience behaviour and help to interpret the evolution of sentiments. Applying this capability in the social news-sphere permits (i) to measure the impact of news onto readers and (ii) to gather elements that contain stories. From a broad perspective, the main aim of this research is to face this challenge, that is, to explore how opinion mining (or sentiment analysis) can be adopted into the field of digital media and data-driven journalism.
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Warnick, Aaron. "A Qualitative Analysis of the Native Advertising Model with Reference to the Conventions of Journalism." 2016. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,197193.
Full textAbstract:
Native advertising has rapidly gone from a relative unknown form of content marketing to a highly sought-after form advertising online in a few short years. With the help of ad blocking services and consumer rejection of advertisements that consumers perceive to invade their privacy, native advertising is projected to continue its rapid growth in popularity. By design, native advertising assumes the form and function of its host’s own content. This study examines whether native advertising has adopted not only the aesthetic form and goals of journalism, but the conventions of journalism formed over more than the past century.McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts;
Journalism and Multimedia Arts
MS;
Thesis;
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Li, Tzu-ching, and 李姿靜. "Conjunctive Adverbials and Modal Auxiliaries in English Academic Journal Articles: Taiwanese Graduate Students vs. Native Writers." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yrzhy9.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立清華大學
語言學研究所
103
This study investigated the usage of conjunctive adverbials (CAs) and modal auxiliaries in the introduction section of linguistics/TESOL-related and IEEE journal articles written by English native and Taiwanese graduate students. The four corpora compiled by the author were used for analysis. Each of the Taiwanese learner corpora consists of 100 academic articles and per native English-speaking student corpus contains 50 journal papers. The frequency of CAs and modal auxiliaries in the data was calculated by using AntConc. Their functions and uses were interpreted according to metadiscourse from a pragmatic perspective. On a large-scale, corpus-based study, the quantitative results have presented that both Taiwanese EFL learners and English native writers were inclined to use a fixed and limited set of CAs; however, non-native students relied heavily on some of the most commonly used CAs in particular. The analysis in terms of the discrepancies per 10,000 words indicated that some semantic relations are more preferred by student writers whereas other semantic relations are less preferred. In addition, the qualitative analysis demonstrated that some of the Taiwanese students used certain CAs such as besides, therefore inappropriately and had problems with the use of some CAs which were less familiar to them. The modal auxiliary can was calculated to have occurred most frequently, especially in Taiwanese electrical/electronics engineering students’ writing. We also analyzed how the two sets of devices function as metadiscourse markers like hedges, emphatics, attitude markers, and engagement markers in academic writing. Taiwanese writers used modal auxiliaries as hedges less often than native writers. Disciplinary variations in the use of CAs and modal auxiliaries were also revealed under the cross examination of the four sets of writings. The results of our research may assist learners to employ these two linguistic devices efficiently in academic writing.
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Laperrière, Charles-Philippe. "L'homme est seul et la nature, criminelle : violence et transcendance dans Les 120 journées de Sodome de D.A.F. de Sade." Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/3466/1/M9601.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Proposant une application de la Théorie de la religion de Georges Bataille au roman Les 120 journées de Sodome de D.A.F. de Sade, le mémoire interroge les rapports de l'aristocrate libertin, personnage typique de l'univers fictionnel sadien, au fondement de sa communauté. Il veut en outre montrer que, par un procédé d'inversion des valeurs morales sur lesquelles reposent nos sociétés historiques, et par une radicalisation corrélative de la polarité dominant/dominé, la communauté libertine cherche sa légitimation dans la perpétuation de la violence sexuelle. Après avoir présenté les idées-forces qui structurent la Théorie, il s'agira de déterminer comment, à partir d'un système multifonctionnel qu'à la suite de R. Barthes nous avons baptisé « dispositif de la clôture », s'organise, dans le texte, un réseau de figures soutenant un rapprochement de sens entre le retrait du monde qui caractérise le château de Silling où se déroule l'action, et l'inextricable solitude du libertin. Nous verrons alors que cette solitude, condition de possibilité de l'érotisme libertin, sert de base sur laquelle les « passions » des libertins, soigneusement codifiées par eux, s'érigent en véritables institutions sociales, concourant du coup à l'instrumentalisation brutale et sans appel des sujets en présence. Nous verrons ensuite qu'en commettant, dans le dernier quart de leur aventure, d'innombrables « meurtres de débauche », les libertins accomplissent une singulière quête d'essence qui, bien qu'elle puisse en exhiber certaines caractéristiques constitutives, s'avère parfaitement étrangère à la trajectoire sacrificielle décrite par Bataille dans sa Théorie, et appliquée par lui au roman sadien dans La littérature et le mal. En définitive, les libertins, commentant sans relâche l'acte de tuer, semblent vouloir dépasser leur condition d'êtres mortels et basculer, depuis l'ordre culturel où ils se meuvent, dans l'étendue immanente du monde naturel. Mais si un tel passage représente, comme nous le croyons, l'objectif supérieur visé par l'inauguration de cette étrange « communauté du crime », nous ne pouvons ultimement que mesurer l'impuissance des libertins à l'atteindre. Tout, dans le texte, donne en effet à penser que les seigneurs de Silling ressortent inchangés de leurs ébats meurtriers, et que, de cette nature dans laquelle ils rêvaient de se fondre, il ne subsiste en définitive que les rouages d'une métaphysique du « crime naturel ».
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MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Violence, transcendance, immanence, érotisme, D.A.F. de Sade, Georges Bataille.
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Vignola, Éric. "Du blogue au livre : réflexions sur la nature générique du blogue." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3754.
Full textAbstract:
Internet change notre manière de traiter l’information. Il change aussi les discours de tous les jours. De plus, des gens ont commencé à écrire, sur le web, des textes qui se sont imposés par la suite au milieu éditorial.
Quel impact Internet a-t-il sur la littérature ? Je me sers de mon corpus (Les chroniques d’une mère indigne de Caroline Allard, Un taxi la nuit de Pierre-Léon Lalonde et Lucie le chien de Sophie Bienvenu) pour répondre à cette question : je cherche à démontrer que le blogue constitue un nouveau genre littéraire.
Internet, d’abord, marque matériellement ce nouveau genre. Ensuite, que le blogue soit présenté sur le web ou dans un livre, il fonctionne essentiellement à partir d’anecdotes qui tournent autour d’un thème central, défini par un blogueur qui se met en scène en tant que personnage.
Ces caractéristiques du blogue permettent de le comparer à deux genres qui lui ressemblent : le journal intime et l’essai.
Le blogue est différent du journal intime à plusieurs points de vue, les plus importants étant le thème développé dans le blogue et le personnage que le blogueur construit. Par ailleurs, il ne peut être considéré comme un type d’essai : son caractère fortement anecdotique lui confère une visée plus narrative et un blogueur ne réfléchit pas sur le monde de la même manière qu’un essayiste.
Bref, le blogue est un genre à part entière, tout jeune, qui se distingue suffisamment du journal intime et de l’essai pour être étudié avec des outils spécifiques.Internet changes our way of processing information. It also changes everyday discourses. As well, people started to write, on the web, texts that eventually made their way into the editorial business. What impact has Internet on literature? I use my corpus (Les chroniques d’une mère indigne by Caroline Allard, Un taxi la nuit by Pierre-Léon Lalonde and Lucie le chien by Sophie Bienvenu) to answer that question : I try to demonstrate that the blog is a new genre. Internet, first, influences the materiality of this new genre. Then, whether a blog is read on the web or in a book, it relies essentially on anecdotes organised around a central theme, chosen by a blogger who puts himself on the spot as a character. Those particularities allow me to compare the blog to two other genres that are similar to it: the diary and the essay. The blog is different from the diary in many ways, the most important being the theme developed in the blog and the character the blogger builds. At the same time, it cannot be confused with the essay: its very anecdotic nature gives it a more narrative dimension and a blogger doesn’t think the world the same way an essayist does. In brief, the blog is a unique genre, very young, that is different enough from the diary and the essay to be studied with different tools.
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"Naturreport Leipzig und Umgebung." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134428.
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"Transformational tagging for topic tracking in natural language." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890280.
Full textAbstract:
Ip Chun Wah Timmy.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-120).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Topic Detection and Tracking --- p.2
Chapter 1.1.1 --- What is a Topic? --- p.3
Chapter 1.1.2 --- What is Topic Tracking? --- p.4
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Contributions --- p.4
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Named Entity Tagging --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Handling Unknown Words --- p.6
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Named-Entity Approach in Topic Tracking --- p.7
Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of Thesis --- p.7
Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.9
Chapter 2.1 --- Previous Developments in Topic Tracking --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.1 --- BBN's Tracking System --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.2 --- CMU's Tracking System --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.3 --- Dragon's Tracking System --- p.12
Chapter 2.1.4 --- UPenn's Tracking System --- p.13
Chapter 2.2 --- Topic Tracking in Chinese --- p.13
Chapter 2.3 --- Part-of-Speech Tagging --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.1 --- A Brief Overview of POS Tagging --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Transformation-based Error-Driven Learning --- p.18
Chapter 2.4 --- Unknown Word Identification --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Rule-based approaches --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Statistical approaches --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Hybrid approaches --- p.24
Chapter 2.5 --- Information Retrieval Models --- p.25
Chapter 2.5.1 --- Vector-Space Model --- p.26
Chapter 2.5.2 --- Probabilistic Model --- p.27
Chapter 2.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.28
Chapter 3 --- System Overview --- p.29
Chapter 3.1 --- Segmenter --- p.30
Chapter 3.2 --- TEL Tagger --- p.31
Chapter 3.3 --- Unknown Words Identifier --- p.32
Chapter 3.4 --- Topic Tracker --- p.33
Chapter 3.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.34
Chapter 4 --- Named Entity Tagging --- p.36
Chapter 4.1 --- Experimental Data --- p.37
Chapter 4.2 --- Transformational Tagging --- p.41
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Notations --- p.41
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Corpus Utilization --- p.42
Chapter 4.2.3 --- Lexical Rules --- p.42
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Contextual Rules --- p.47
Chapter 4.3 --- Experiment and Result --- p.49
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Lexical Tag Initialization --- p.50
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Contribution of Lexical and Contextual Rules --- p.52
Chapter 4.3.3 --- Performance on Unknown Words --- p.56
Chapter 4.3.4 --- A Possible Benchmark --- p.57
Chapter 4.3.5 --- Comparison between TEL Approach and the Stochas- tic Approach --- p.58
Chapter 4.4 --- Chapter Summary --- p.59
Chapter 5 --- Handling Unknown Words in Topic Tracking --- p.62
Chapter 5.1 --- Overview --- p.63
Chapter 5.2 --- Person Names --- p.64
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Forming possible named entities from OOV by group- ing n-grams --- p.66
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Overlapping --- p.69
Chapter 5.3 --- Organization Names --- p.71
Chapter 5.4 --- Location Names --- p.73
Chapter 5.5 --- Dates and Times --- p.74
Chapter 5.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.75
Chapter 6 --- Topic Tracking in Chinese --- p.77
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction of Topic Tracking --- p.78
Chapter 6.2 --- Experimental Data --- p.79
Chapter 6.3 --- Evaluation Methodology --- p.81
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Cost Function --- p.82
Chapter 6.3.2 --- DET Curve --- p.83
Chapter 6.4 --- The Named Entity Approach --- p.85
Chapter 6.4.1 --- Designing the Named Entities Set for Topic Tracking --- p.85
Chapter 6.4.2 --- Feature Selection --- p.86
Chapter 6.4.3 --- Integrated with Vector-Space Model --- p.87
Chapter 6.5 --- Experimental Results and Analysis --- p.91
Chapter 6.5.1 --- Notations --- p.92
Chapter 6.5.2 --- Stopword Elimination --- p.92
Chapter 6.5.3 --- TEL Tagging --- p.95
Chapter 6.5.4 --- Unknown Word Identifier --- p.100
Chapter 6.5.5 --- Error Analysis --- p.106
Chapter 6.6 --- Chapter Summary --- p.108
Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and Future Work --- p.110
Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusions --- p.110
Chapter 7.2 --- Future Work --- p.111
Bibliography --- p.113
Chapter A --- The POS Tags --- p.121
Chapter B --- Surnames and transliterated characters --- p.123
Chapter C --- Stopword List for Person Name --- p.126
Chapter D --- Organization suffixes --- p.127
Chapter E --- Location suffixes --- p.128
Chapter F --- Examples of Feature Table (Train set with condition D410) --- p.129
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"Naturreport Leipzig und Umgebung: Jahresschrift des NABU-Regionalverbandes Leipzig e.V." Naturschutzbund Deutschland (NABU), Regionalverband Leipzig e.V, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A7639.
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