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1
A. Saunders, D., and J. L. Craig. "Nature Conservation: the role of networks - conference report." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 4 (1994): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940278.
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Over 200 conservation biologists, ecologists, managers, landowners and private citizens from 14 countries met to explore the themes that networks of people are our conservation force and networks of other organisms are our conservation resource. Ninety-four oral and 25 poster papers were presented at the conference. The major conclusions were that there was a need for greater trust between professional and government agencies, scientists, community groups, landowners and individuals and a greater involvement of indigenous peoples in tackling nature conservation problems.
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Fish, Robert, Susanne Seymour, and Charles Watkins. "Conserving English Landscapes: Land Managers and Agri-Environmental Policy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, no. 1 (January 2003): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3531.
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There is increasing public policy interest in the management of rural landscapes for conservation, both in terms of natural and cultural heritage. Agri-environmental policies are an important part of an emerging vision for a sustainable countryside, with increasing support for the existing Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) and Countryside Stewardship (CS) schemes. This paper provides insight into the nature of land-manager attitudes towards the conservation of rural landscapes and how these relate to differing modes and levels of engagement with these two schemes. It is based on the results of a recently completed project exploring the attitudes and practices of 100 land managers towards features of landscape and historic interest. Agri-environmental research has often sought to ‘typologise’ attitudes and practices around discrete land-manager types; an approach that may downgrade commonalities between land managers, the potential interplay of elements defining these types, and the possibility that land-manager identities may not be uniform. In this paper, in contrast, we emphasise the significance of these three analytical issues surrounding land-manager attitudes and practices. We explore land managers' interest and investment in conservation and go on to explain how these concerns were often closely related to the wildlife, historic and aesthetic goals of the schemes. The analysis then considers in detail how a concern for conservation often came to interplay with economic concerns to produce different attitudes and practices. We term these ‘styles of participation and nonparticipation’ to emphasise that such modes of uptake are not necessarily associated with specific land-manager types. Land managers developed these attitudes and practices with respect to different parts of their farms, types of landscape feature, and scheme in question. We conclude by emphasising the importance of contextualised analyses of land-manager values, knowledges, and practices for exploring the nature and possibilities of a ‘sustainable countryside', and the role of agri-environmental policy within this policy vision of rural areas.
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Temple, Stanley A. "Conservation Biologists and Wildlife Managers Getting Together." Conservation Biology 6, no. 1 (March 1992): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1992.610004.x.
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Calver, Mike. "Twenty years of Pacific Conservation Biology." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 4 (2014): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140342.
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THIS issue marks the completion of 20 years of publication of Pacific Conservation Biology. Writing in the first issue, Foundation Editor Craig Moritz highlighted the ‘profound and urgent problems in conservation and land management’ in the Pacific region, as well as ‘the inadequate communication among research biologists, conservation managers and administrators.’ He saw PCB as promoting this badly needed communication regarding conservation issues in the region, as well as highlighting the ‘relevance and management implications of the research.’ He invited researchers and managers to ‘enjoy it, use it and be part of it!’
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N. Clout, Michael, and Alan J. Saunders. "Conservation and ecological restoration in New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 1 (1995): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc950091.
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The introduction of alien species to New Zealand's terrestrial ecosystems has caused rapid loss of native biodiversity since human settlement. Faced with this crisis, conservation managers and scientists have responded by developing innovative techniques such as translocation of native animals and the eradication of introduced mammals from islands. We review recent progress with conservation of New Zealand's terrestrial flora and fauna (especially birds) and consider future prospects for ecological restoration of islands and mainland areas. We stress the value of linking species and ecosystem approaches to conservation and we reinforce the importance of maintaining a dynamic partnership between researchers and conservation managers in the development of conservation initiatives.
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Angwenyi, Daniel, Martin Potgieter, and James Gambiza. "Community perceptions towards nature conservation in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Nature Conservation 43 (February 23, 2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.43.57935.
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Relationships between protected area managers and adjacent communities, as well as communities’ attitudes, views and perceptions of these areas, are critical for the success of conservation efforts. It is important for protected area managers and administrators to understand how local communities view these areas and their management, so that they can build sustainable working rel ationships. This paper is based on a survey of 375 semi-structured questionnaires administered to household heads, living at distances ranging from the edge of the reserves to 50 km away from the reserve boundary across the Great Fish River, Mkambati, Hluleka, and Tsolwana nature reserves in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The paper provides a longitudinal assessment of households’ knowledge about the role of reserves and the reserves’ impacts on livelihood assets. In addition to households’ knowledge about the role of reserves, the paper also provides an assessment of people’s attitudes towards their location and management, as well as views on the best way to manage the reserves. For 79% of community members, reserves were important as they were seen to conserve biodiversity and valuable ecological systems necessary for sustaining life. Most (75%) respondents indicated that closely located reserves gave them opportunities to learn about nature conservation and to subsidize their incomes through tourism ventures. However, 58% had a problem with reserves’ staff, due to restrictions on resource use, which negatively impacted their livelihoods. Over half (51%) of the households argued that sustainable conservation can only be achieved through an integrated approach where conservation and local communities’ needs are given equal weight. We concluded that reserve managers should look at communities as active partners in the management of protected areas if sustainable conservation objectives are to be realised.
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Moritz, Craig. "Why we need a new journal." Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 1 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc930001.
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The Pacific region has profound and urgent problems in conservation and land management. The region also has people with world-class skills and training in conservation-oriented biological research. A major problem for effective conservation and management is the inadequate communication among research biologists, conservation managers and administrators.
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Hayes, Grey. "A Must-Have Manual for Conservation Managers and Researchers." Conservation Biology 17, no. 2 (April 2003): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.01727.x.
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Dupke, Claudia, Carsten F. Dormann, and Marco Heurich. "Does Public Participation Shift German National Park Priorities Away from Nature Conservation?" Environmental Conservation 46, no. 1 (September 14, 2018): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000310.
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SummaryNational park management has the dual mission of protecting and conserving natural systems and providing services to visitors. These two goals are often contradictory, especially when levels of recreation and tourism increase. We studied whether and how the management of the 13 terrestrial national parks in Germany respond to increasing numbers of visitors. One to three managers from each national park completed an online questionnaire and were then interviewed by phone. We found no general strategy for managing high levels of recreational use. Adaptation to increasing visitor numbers seemed to be complex and arduous. Management options are particularly constrained by the mandatory public participation process, in which various stakeholders are involved in decision-making. Given the political pressure to make amends for restrictions imposed by designated protected areas, national park management is characterized by compromises, which results in a shift of priorities from conservation towards service provision. We argue that to maintain the balance between the dual objectives of conservation and recreation, park managers need the support of both social and biological research communities. Above all, the unique ecological merits of national parks could be more strongly highlighted to increase the general public’s acceptance of park restrictions.
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Ale, Som B., and Henry F. Howe. "What Do Ecological Paradigms Offer to Conservation?" International Journal of Ecology 2010 (2010): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/250754.
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Ecological theory provides applications to biodiversity management—but often falls short of expectations. One possibility is that heuristic theories of a young science are too immature. Logistic growth predicts a carrying capacity, but fisheries managed with the Lotka-Volterra paradigm continue to collapse. A second issue is that general predictions may not be useful. The theory of island biogeography predicts species richness but does not predict community composition. A third possibility is that the theory itself may not have much to do with nature, or that empirical parameterization is too difficult to know. The metapopulation paradigm is relevant to conservation, but metapopulations might not be common in nature. For instance, empirical parameterization within the metapopulation paradigm is usually infeasible. A challenge is to determine why ecology fails to match needs of managers sometimes but helps at other. Managers may expect too much of paradigmatic blueprints, while ecologists believe them too much. Those who implement biodiversity conservation plans need simple, pragmatic guidelines based on science. Is this possible? What is possible? An eclectic review of theory and practice demonstrate the power and weaknesses of the ideas that guide conservation and attempt to identify reasons for prevailing disappointment.
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THERVILLE, CLARA, LIVIO CASELLA-COLOMBEAU, RAPHAËL MATHEVET, and FREDERIC BIORET. "Beyond segregative or integrative models for protected areas: a case study of French nature reserves." Environmental Conservation 43, no. 3 (March 3, 2016): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892916000047.
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SUMMARYInitially conceived as human-exclusion zones (the segregative model), protected areas are more and more often established within a management framework that integrates conservation and development projects with multiple partnerships and encourages engagement with local stakeholders (the integrative model). In this study, we investigated the conservation attitudes and practices of management staff in the network of nature reserves (NRs) in France. We found that conservation practices, such as law enforcement, habitat management, environmental education and partnerships, and the socio–cultural and psychological profiles of their managers show a wide distribution along a segregative to integrative gradient. Our results indicate that while the policy of these protected areas is still structured by a segregative cliché, in practice, many managers implement a more integrated approach. This coexistence of the two approaches reflects a general pattern of evolution of nature protection thought and the institutionalization of NRs, as well as demonstrating the adaptation of NRs to their local contexts and how they function, within the surrounding landscape, as a single but complex social–ecological system.
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West, Ben C., and Terry A. Messmer. "Impacts and management of duck-nest predation: the managers' view." Wildlife Society Bulletin 32, no. 3 (September 2004): 772–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)032[0772:iamodp]2.0.co;2.
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Peterson, Markus J. "Parasites and infectious diseases of prairie grouse: should managers be concerned?" Wildlife Society Bulletin 32, no. 1 (March 2004): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2004)32[35:paidop]2.0.co;2.
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Stoskopf, Michael K., Karen Beck, Bud B. Fazio, Todd K. Fuller, Eric M. Gese, Brian T. Kelly, Frederick F. Knowlton, Dennis L. Murray, William Waddell, and Lisette Waits. "Implementing recovery of the red wolf-integrating research scientists and managers." Wildlife Society Bulletin 33, no. 3 (September 2005): 1145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2005)33[1145:ftfiro]2.0.co;2.
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Masters, Bernie. "Temperate woodland conservation and management." Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 4 (2012): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc120324.
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AS excellent as this book is, its title is something of a misnomer. Because the book contains 40 short chapters summarising the key findings and recommendations of many of Australia’s leading woodland researchers and managers, the words ‘Principles of . . . ’ should precede the existing title. While the book provides readers with a very good understanding of the major issues to be addressed in conserving and managing woodland habitat, as well as in producing effective and much-needed government policy, further reading is required from each chapter’s extensive list of references to obtain the detail of how to conserve and manage woodlands. Temperate Woodland Conservation and Management The biodiversity value of woodlands in southern Australia is significant, particularly for bird and bat conservation. Because woodlands soils were suitable for agriculture, between 80 and 90% have been cleared (Thackway, Chapter 31). The remainder is subject to many serious threats including grazing, weeds, fertilizer drift, fragmentation effects and altered fire regimes. This book is a timely summary of relevant research, much of which has been carried out in the last 10 to 15 years.
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Masters, Bernie. "Temperate Woodland Conservation and Management." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 3 (2014): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140336.
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AS excellent as this book is, its title is something of a misnomer. Because the book contains 40 short chapters summarising the key findings and recommendations of many of Australia’s leading woodland researchers and managers, the words “Principles of . . .” should precede the existing title. While the book provides readers with a very good understanding of the major issues to be addressed in conserving and managing woodland habitat, as well as in producing effective and much-needed government policy, further reading is required from each chapter’s extensive list of references to obtain the detail of how to conserve and manage woodlands. The biodiversity value of woodlands in southern Australia is significant, particularly for bird and bat conservation. Because woodland soils were suitable for agriculture, between 80 and 90% have been cleared (Thackway, Chapter 31). The remainder is subject to many serious threats including grazing, weeds, fertilizer drift, fragmentation effects and altered fire regimes. This book is a timely summary of relevant research, much of which has been carried out in the last 10 to 15 years.
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BIGGS, D., N. C. BAN, and C. M. HALL. "Lifestyle values, resilience, and nature-based tourism's contribution to conservation on Australia's Great Barrier Reef." Environmental Conservation 39, no. 4 (August 16, 2012): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000239.
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SUMMARYInnovative partnerships for conservation are required to stem the tide of continued ecosystem degradation. Nature-based tourism is one such partnership. Yet the natural attractions that nature-based tourism depends on are under increasing anthropogenic threat. Because of their dependence on international visitors, nature-based tourism enterprises are under additional pressure from socioeconomic and political crises in a globalized world. Recent research shows that lifestyle values, the motives that entice owners and staff of tourism enterprises to live and work in a chosen natural attraction, strengthen the resilience of enterprises to crises. This paper empirically explores the relationship between the lifestyle values of nature-based tourism enterprises, their resilience, and their support of and contribution to conservation of Australia's Great Barrier Reef. Semi-structured interviews with the owners and senior managers of 48 reef tourism enterprises showed that those that reported high lifestyle values had higher levels of conservation ethic and participated more extensively in conservation actions. The relationship between resilience and conservation ethic was not statistically significant. Bureaucratic, regulatory and cost constraints, and a lack of knowledge, limit enterprise participation in conservation. Conservation agencies can work to reduce some of these constraints to ensure that conservation benefits from nature-based tourism enterprises are maximized.
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M. Lambert, David, and Craig D. Millar. "DNA science and conservation." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 1 (1995): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc950021.
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A wide array of DNA-based genetic techniques are now available for the study of many problems in conservation biology. Either directly or indirectly, such techniques are becoming increasingly available to scientists and managers alike. Although these technologies are generally known to conservationists, there is a need to clearly outline the principal characteristics of such genetic tools and to detail how they can most appropriately be used in the management of wildlife species. The essential characteristics of mitochondrial and chloroplast restriction fragment analyses are detailed, together with discussions of single locus nuclear restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), multilocus DNA fingerprinting, microsatellite DNA, randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), and DNA sequence variation. We also give relevant information about the development times for these techniques, their relative costs, and the quality of tissue required. In addition, we discuss which conservation problems are appropriate to each of these methods and give examples of their application and potential use in relation to New Zealand organisms. The following problems are considered: sex assignment; parentage and kinship; migration; species, population and strain identification; forensic applications; genetic effects of population bottlenecks; disease identification; feeding preferences; philopatry; pest control; and understanding population extinction. Finally, we suggest that both microsatellite and minisatellite DNA techniques have particular advantages over many other currently-available techniques and conclude that these two approaches are applicable to a wide range of the conservation problems.
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Reaser, Jamie K., Gary M. Tabor, Daniel J. Becker, Philip Muruthi, Arne Witt, Stephen J. Woodley, Manuel Ruiz-Aravena, et al. "Land use-induced spillover: priority actions for protected and conserved area managers." PARKS, no. 27 (March 11, 2021): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/iucn.ch.2021.parks-27-sijkr.en.
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Deák, Balázs, Csaba Albert Tóth, Ádám Bede, Iva Apostolova, Tatyana M. Bragina, Ferenc Báthori, and Miklós Bán. "Eurasian Kurgan Database – a citizen science tool for conserving grasslands on historical sites." Hacquetia 18, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hacq-2019-0007.
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Abstract Eurasian steppes have an essential role in conserving biodiversity, but due to the huge habitat loss in the past centuries they are often preserved only in small refuges. Among such refuges are the ancient steppic burial mounds (the so called ‘kurgans’) which have a high cultural and historical importance and are also essential sites of nature conservation. Despite their high number (approximately half million) and conservational importance there is a huge lack of knowledge on the locality and conservational state of the kurgans in most regions of Eurasia. To fill this knowledge gap, we built a public database which allows to record and query basic information on their cultural values and factors (such as land cover type, threatening factors, cover of woody species) that might serve as a basis for their effective conservation. The database provides a transparent, public and easy-to-use source for conservation managers and landscape planners focussed on grassland conservation. In addition, it also provides background information for other associate disciplines and public agencies dealing with the protection of cultural heritage.
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ALBERS, HEIDI J., and ELISABETH GRINSPOON. "A comparison of the enforcement of access restrictions between Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve (China) and Khao Yai National Park (Thailand)." Environmental Conservation 24, no. 4 (December 1997): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892997000465.
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Given limited budgets to enforce access restrictions, protected area (PA) managers and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in developing countries employ a range of policy instruments to conserve the area's natural resources. Natural characteristics of the PA combine with the managers' enforcement activities and other policy instruments to create a set of incentives to which local people respond in making decisions about extracting resources from the PA. The different management approaches employed in the Xishuangbanna Nature Reserve (XNR; China) and the Khao Yai National Park (KYNP; Thailand) and the reaction to the incentives which they create are compared. KYNP managers use policing and punishment mechanisms, in conjunction with limited NGO-supported income-generation projects, to deter resource use. In contrast, XNR managers rely on extensive cooperation with local people and trade-offs between current resource degradation and increased rural incomes.As predicted by the economic enforcement literature, rural people respond to the threat of punishment, and its reduction of the expected benefit of an illegal activity, by reducing that activity, but may undertake socially-costly avoidance activities to avoid punishment. This literature also correctly predicts that XNR managers will concentrate less on pure enforcement than KYNP managers because, as a result of a difference in government mandates, the XNR managers consider the value of the extracted products and the non-PA productivity in their decisions while the KYNP managers do not. In both PAs, rural people's actions affect the quality of resource conservation. In KYNP, natural characteristics and the policing activities deter resource extraction and encroachment in the central core of the Park. Even NGO projects, however, have not controlled extraction, and even agricultural encroachment, in the outer third of the Park, which has caused over-extraction of some resources and has left a ring of highly-degraded land. In contrast, XNR's cooperative management approach has generated more control over the amount and the spatial configuration of resource degradation. XNR's control, however, comes at the cost of reduced area and level of current conservation.
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Miah, Md Rahimullah, Alexander K. Sayok, Ahi Sarok, and Mohammad Belal Uddin. "Applications of Biological Diversity Information Systems towards Conservation at Lawachara National Park in Bangladesh." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v5i2.457.
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The study investigates a framework for Integrated Biological Diversity Information Systems (BDIS) with relevant rules and regulations that emphasize the need for interdisciplinary research collaborations at national, regional and global scales on nature conservation mechanisms at Lawachara National Park (LNP) in Bangladesh. To date, Bangladesh has no Integrated National Biodiversity Database with Clearing House Mechanisms. So, there is a lot of nature conserving problems faced on biodiversity management systems. The study integrates technological information from stakeholders like park manager, biological diversity specialists, network officers, ecological specialists, policy-makers, wildlife managers, academicians and relevant bodies. The study represents the uniqueness of the tools used to enhance conservation professionals on the national biodiversity strategic action plan through existing policies and technology, literature reviews, observations, interviews and reconnaissance findings. Approximately 64% of the respondents agreed for the development of Biological Diversity Information Systems (BDIS) for conserving nature at LNP. The study describes the essential information needed for comprehensive data exchange, data indexing, web-publication and reports on Convention on Biological Diversity with the help of Resources Information Management System. Finally, the study suggests future research trajectories using a new collaborative approach to drive the methodological agenda and recommends ways to further incorporate the information systems integrating next generations’ biodiversity conservation perspectives.
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KABII, THOMAS, and PIERRE HORWITZ. "A review of landholder motivations and determinants for participation in conservation covenanting programmes." Environmental Conservation 33, no. 1 (March 2006): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892906002761.
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Conservation covenants (or easements) are flexible but legally enforceable documents attached to a land title restricting the use of that land, providing for the protection of important conservation values, while allowing the landholder to retain possession. Given the attractiveness of covenants to those who seek to expand national and regional nature conservation initiatives, it is important to understand landholder motivations for participation in programmes that covenant for nature conservation. This paper examines the likely influences on landholder decision making when it comes to conservation initiatives. A review of literature highlights key motivations and determinants, such as landholder demographics and the nature of the land tenure in question, their knowledge and awareness of the programme, financial circumstances, and perceptions of financial and other risks and benefits of the programme itself, including incentives and compensation. Underpinning, or mediating, the decision-making processes will be landholder philosophies and values, and five constructs are determined from the review, namely economic dependence on property, private property rights, confidence in perpetual covenant mechanisms, nature conservation equity and nature conservation ethic. Using these constructs, a series of explicit hypotheses is drawn, applicable to agencies dealing with conservation covenants and testable through an adaptive management approach. A conceptual model is presented to show hypothesized relationships between motivational factors and the five constructs that will lead to the uptake of covenants by landholders, providing direction for policy makers and managers of incentive programmes for nature conservation on private lands.
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L. Craig, John, and Anne M. Stewart. "Conservation: a starfish without a central disk?" Pacific Conservation Biology 1, no. 3 (1994): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc940163.
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Conservation is for people and depends on public support for its success yet public perceptions of the value of conservation are highly variable. A lack of a strong commitment from the majority of the public may relate to problems determining priorities for research and management. There is ample evidence in the literature and in public opinion that there is a need to address these issues. An image of a starfish lacking co-ordination among its arms is offered as a metaphor of the problems in worldwide conservation today. There appears to be miscommunication between scientists and managers, lack of balance among research activities, a misunderstanding of how to manage the views of all stakeholders and an overall lack of agreement on direction and priorities in a normal situation of limited resources. We offer suggestions on how to increase effectiveness by negotiating a strategic direction that accommodates the views of all stakeholders and that links research to management.
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Márquez-García, Marcela, Susan K. Jacobson, and Olga Barbosa. "Wine with a Bouquet of Biodiversity: Assessing Agricultural Adoption of Conservation Practices in Chile." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 1 (September 18, 2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892918000206.
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SummaryPromoting conservation practices in agriculture to protect biodiversity of rare Mediterranean ecosystems is nowhere more critical than in Chile, where less than 2% of the Mediterranean region is formally protected. We used the theory of planned behaviour to assess what influences Chilean winegrowers’ conservation behaviour and tested whether a sustainability programme was effective. We compared winegrowers involved in the programme with a comparison group, using semi-structured interviews at 23 wineries to determine predictors of conservation practice adoption at vineyards. The intervention group had higher levels of conservation behaviour than the comparison group and practised integrated pest management and exotic species control more frequently. Managers’ views on conservation practices as doing ‘what is right’ with regards to nature and the environment were evident in both groups. However, programme winegrowers recognized more cultural benefits of nature and reported a broader spectrum of organizational and community stakeholder influence. Economic resources were perceived as a major barrier, as well as the lack of data connecting biodiversity conservation with wine quality and production. This study demonstrates the multidimensional nature of winegrowers’ motivations and barriers for adopting conservation practices, which is critical to addressing the significant challenges facing biodiversity conservation and the promotion of sustainable agricultural systems.
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Kirkham, F. W., A. M. Mole, and S. M. Gardner. "Stocking levels in lowland grasslands managed for wildlife conservation." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011443.
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Appropriate grazing management is essential to help maintain the wildlife conservation and biodiversity value of most semi-natural grasslands. Stocking requirements are influenced both by the specific sward requirements of the site and by factors such as climate, location, topography and soil wetness. A study, funded by the Countryside Council for Wales, English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Environment and Heritage Service for Northern Ireland, aimed to provide conservation site managers and agri-environment project officers with updated guidance on stocking levels. Current grazing prescriptions from all UK agri-environment schemes were also reviewed.
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STOLL-KLEEMANN, S., A. C. DE LA VEGA-LEINERT, and L. SCHULTZ. "The role of community participation in the effectiveness of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve management: evidence and reflections from two parallel global surveys." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (June 2, 2010): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291000038x.
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SUMMARYBiodiversity management has traditionally followed two contradictory approaches. One champions ecosystem protection through rigorous law enforcement and exclusion of humans. The other promotes community-based sustainable use of natural resources. Participatory conservation, a major paradigm shift, nowadays strongly guides the concept of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs). In this paper, the rationale for community participation, and the perception of its effectiveness among BR managers are analysed. Within the World Network of BRs (553 sites in 107 countries) diverse participatory approaches are being tried to advance community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). Data from two parallel surveys, involving managers from 276 BRs worldwide, reveal how far this participation paradigm shift has really occurred, and its influence on managers’ self-evaluated effectiveness. There is substantial regional disparity, although in general BR managers endorse inclusive conservation, despite critical implementation hurdles. The process of participatory conservation carries new dangers for effective biosphere reserve management, when the aspirations of communities and other stakeholders do not ‘fit’ with a predetermined interpretation of sustainable development.
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Milner-Gulland, E. J. "How many to dehorn? A model for decision-making by rhino managers." Animal Conservation 2, no. 2 (May 1999): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00059.x.
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Battisti, Luca, Filippo Corsini, Natalia Marzia Gusmerotti, and Federica Larcher. "Management and Perception of Metropolitan Natura 2000 Sites: A Case Study of La Mandria Park (Turin, Italy)." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 5, 2019): 6169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216169.
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The European Commission promotes management practices for nature conservation and human well-being, requiring the involvement of users in Natura 2000 sites. The research aim was to investigate the user’s aesthetic perception in relation to the adoption of different management measures, within an Italian metropolitan Natura 2000 site. The research was performed in La Mandria Park in 2018 (1780 ha). The method was based on a participatory approach (interviews, questionnaires and participatory mapping), involving both park managers and users. Four main landscape elements were identified: lawns, woodlands, lines of trees and water bodies. Questionnaires (N = 232) were analyzed by descriptive and regression analysis. Mapped preferred places were analyzed using ecological indexes on 500 m land use buffers. A gendered perception of the aesthetic quality was detected, demonstrating that women are more strictly connected to nature than men. Users involved in park activities better perceived the aesthetic quality, while regular visitors had a worst perception. From participatory mapping (N = 137), it emerges that the eight preferred places are characterized by a mixed land use with different maintenance regimes and ecological values. Users’ perceptions should be integrated in a co-management plan in metropolitan Natura 2000 sites, combining nature conservation with user enjoyment.
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Macgregor, Nicholas A., and Nikki van Dijk. "Adaptation in Practice: How Managers of Nature Conservation Areas in Eastern England are Responding to Climate Change." Environmental Management 54, no. 4 (March 20, 2014): 700–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-014-0254-6.
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Gale, Richard P. "Resource Miracles and Rising Expectations: A Challenge to Fishery Managers." Fisheries 12, no. 5 (September 1987): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1987)012<0008:rmarea>2.0.co;2.
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Glen, Alistair S., and Kazuaki Hoshino. "Social and logistical challenges in managing invasive predators: insights from islands in Japan and New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 26, no. 4 (2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc19030.
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Managing the impacts of invasive predators on islands is a priority for conserving global biodiversity. However, large islands and islands with substantial human settlement present particular challenges that can be broadly categorised as social and logistical. Around the world, managers concerned with island biodiversity are tackling increasingly ambitious projects, and some examples from Japan and New Zealand have been at the forefront. We used dialogues with managers, researchers, and community members, as well as our respective experience as wildlife researchers in Japan and New Zealand, to compare the challenges faced by wildlife managers in each country. We note similarities and differences between the two countries, and identify lessons from each that will help advance invasive species management on islands globally. Our observations from Japan and New Zealand show that considerable progress has been made in managing invasive predators on large, inhabited islands. Further progress will require more effective engagement with island residents to promote the goals of invasive species management, to find common ground, and to ensure that management is socially and culturally acceptable.
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Bodmer, Richard E. "Priorities for the conservation of mammals in the Peruvian Amazon." Oryx 29, no. 1 (January 1995): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300020834.
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Setting priorities for wildlife conservation in the Peruvian Amazon must deal with a variety of issues, including subsistence and commercial hunting, loss of habitat from deforestation, and the international trade in wildlife and wildlife products. However, what is the rank of these priorities for wildlife conservation in Peruvian Amazonia? One way to evaluate priorities for wildlife conservation is by determining how different human activities affect the number of animals removed from the populations. This yields a measure of the impact of these activities on animal populations and enables wildlife managers to rank priorities for wildlife conservation efforts.
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Waples, Kelly, and Holly Raudino. "Setting a course for marine mammal research in Western Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 3 (2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18014.
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Given limited funding and increasing pressures on our natural resources it is becoming ever more critical that science be directed at improving our understanding and management of priority issues. This relies on dialogue and alignment between researchers and managers to ensure that appropriate questions are asked and the answers incorporated in robust and transparent decision-making processes which should include relevant evidence-based science. We used a prioritisation framework as a tool to bring managers and scientists together to discuss and agree on current priorities for research on marine mammals in Western Australia, including posing relevant questions. Eight species were identified as high priorities for fundamental research, including three dolphin species (Australian humpback, snubfin and common dolphin), three baleen whale species (Antarctic and pygmy blue and dwarf minke whale), the Australian sea lion and the dugong. The pressures we evaluated resulted in a priority need for research to better understand and mitigate impacts across a range of species, including noise pollution from shipping and vessel activity, climate change and fishing by-catch. Scientists and managers agreed on a set of topics and associated research questions for the high-priority species that would best inform ongoing conservation and management of marine mammals in Western Australia and that would have broad applicability nationally and globally. We provide an example of how these priorities can be used to develop a research program with targeted funding. Overall, this process has demonstrated the value of bringing scientists and managers together with a tool that allows them to jointly determine priorities and research questions.
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Garnett, Stephen T., Mark Kleinschmidt, Micha V. Jackson, Kerstin K. Zander, and Stephen A. Murphy. "Social landscape of the night parrot in western Queensland, Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 4 (2016): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc16014.
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The attitudes of the owners or managers of properties potentially supporting populations of night parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis) in western Queensland, Australia, were explored using interviews to understand whether they would be sympathetic to the species’ conservation. Eighteen interviews were carried out by a former member of the local grazing community and found a high level of support for conservation, especially if it did not unduly disrupt existing grazing management practices and there was compensation in the event property management needed to change. This included trying to limit burning and not overgrazing habitat in which the parrot might occur. It also included the cessation of wild dog baiting, which is conducted to reduce calf losses, although concern about wild dogs was deeply entrenched. While some graziers were indifferent, none were openly antagonistic to parrot conservation that might involve their property. The results suggest that collaborative management with local graziers can contribute substantially to conservation of the night parrot in the region and any fears that graziers might be antagonistic to night parrot conservation are ill-founded.
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Lefroy, E. C. "Nature and Farming: Sustaining Biodiversity in Agricultural Landscapes." Pacific Conservation Biology 20, no. 4 (2014): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc140405.
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THIS book is a valuable historic record of the practices employed by land managers, government programs and community groups to ensure a place for nature in farming landscapes. Its strength lies in the 16 case studies of individual properties and the 14 examples of general approaches to integrating conservation into production systems. Those two very practical sections, plus another describing programs such as Landcare, carbon credits and offsetting, make up just under half the book. This practical, real world middle section is sandwiched between two sections that are quite different in tone and character to the sympathetic description of local heroes in the book’s heart. At the beginning are six chapters that introduce the concepts of landscape and community ecology to establish the scientific case for conservation. This includes analysis of types of farming systems, patterns of remnant vegetation distribution, and the functional properties of the agricultural matrix from the perspective of biodiversity. At the end are four chapters reflecting on the case studies and their implications. In both the introductory and concluding sections, the voice is that of the concerned ecologist, looking over the farm fence and wondering aloud ‘is this really going to be enough?’ Right towards the end is the warning that unless things change, “…the biodiversity train wreck lying ahead could exceed even our worse fears.”
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Harms, John, and Gil Sylvia. "A Comparison of Conservation Perspectives Between Scientists, Managers, and Industry in the West Coast Groundfish Fishery." Fisheries 26, no. 10 (October 2001): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2001)026<0006:acocpb>2.0.co;2.
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Schneider, Jiří, Aleš Ruda, Žaneta Kalasová, and Alessandro Paletto. "The Forest Stakeholders’ Perception towards the NATURA 2000 Network in the Czech Republic." Forests 11, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050491.
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Natura 2000 is a network of European protected areas, established under the provision of two directives of the European Union: the Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) and the Birds Directive (79/409/EEC; 2009/147/EU). The Natura 2000 network can be considered an interesting instrument to maintain and improve ecosystem services provided by protected sites. The European Union member countries are free to organize the participatory process in the implementation of the Natura 2000 network. The participatory process is often overlooked despite it being an important tool to increase the social acceptance and reduce conflicts among stakeholders with different interests. The aim of the present study is to investigate the stakeholders’ perceptions towards the ecosystem services provided by the Natura 2000 sites in the Czech Republic. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey involving 53 stakeholders (forester managers and nature conservation authorities) in all regions of the Czech Republic. The results show that for the respondents, the implementation of the Habitats and Birds Directives in the Czech Republic is very or quite important (54.7%), but at the same time, many respondents consider the Natura 2000 network an obstacle for economic activities close to the sites (66.0% of total respondents). In accordance with the stakeholders’ opinions, the three most important human activities near and inside the Natura 2000 sites are agricultural activities, followed by nature conservation interventions and forestry activities. The representatives of environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and academia emphasize the importance of nature conservation interventions, while the other groups of interest consider the provisioning services supplied by agricultural and forestry activities as the most relevant ecosystem services. The results of this study can be considered as the starting point aimed to improve the participatory process in the establishment and management of the Natura 2000 sites based on the stakeholders’ feelings and opinions.
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Sinthumule, Ndidzulafhi Innocent. "Multiple-land use practices in transfrontier conservation areas: the case of Greater Mapungubwe straddling parts of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 34, no. 34 (December 1, 2016): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2016-0038.
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Abstract Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) have recently emerged as the 21st century approach to managing protected areas in southern Africa. Unlike national parks and other protected areas that place emphasis only on the protection of plant and animal species within their borders, transfrontier conservation areas promote conservation beyond the borders of protected areas. Consequently, this mega-conservation initiative encourage multiple land-use practices with the purpose of improving rural livelihoods whilst promoting biodiversity conservation. Thus, land parcels under different forms of tenure are brought together into a common nature conservation project. This study argues that the integration of various land-use practices within one area benefits conservation goals at the expense of local communities and irrigation farmers. To substantiate this argument, the study draws on fieldwork material collected in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area spanning parts of Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe. The study concludes that multiple-land use practices in transfrontier conservation areas is only promoted by wildlife managers to gain access to extra land.
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Walters, G., J. Sayer, A. K. Boedhihartono, D. Endamana, and K. Angu Angu. "Integrating landscape ecology into landscape practice in Central African Rainforests." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8 (April 3, 2021): 2427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01237-3.
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Abstract Context We describe how large landscape-scale conservation initiatives involving local communities, NGOs and resource managers have engaged with landscape scientists with the goal of achieving landscape sustainability. We focus on two landscapes where local people, practitioners and landscape ecologists have co-produced knowledge to design conservation interventions. Objective We seek to understand how landscape ecology can engage with practical landscape management to contribute to managing landscapes sustainably. Methods We focus on two large tropical landscapes: the Sangha Tri-National landscape (Cameroon, Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic) and the Batéké-Léfini Landscape (Gabon and Republic of Congo). We evaluate (1) a participatory method used in the Sangha Tri-National landscape that embeds interdisciplinary researchers and practitioners within a landscape to apply transdisciplinary learning to landscape conservation and (2) a participatory landscape zoning method where interdisciplinary teams of conservation practitioners analyse local land and resource use in the Batéké-Léfini landscape. Results We find that landscape ecology’s tradition of understanding the historical context of resource use can inform landscape conservation practice and natural resource mapping. We also find that the Sangha Group provides an example for landscape ecology on how to integrate local people and their knowledge to better understand and influence landscape processes. Conclusions Place-based engagement as well as the uptake of co-produced knowledge by policy makers are key in enabling sustainable landscapes. Success occurs when researchers, local communities and resource managers engage directly with landscape processes.
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Byrne, Margaret, Linda Broadhurst, Michelle Leishman, and Kathy Belov. "Women in conservation science making a difference." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 3 (2018): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18061.
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Conservation science has a long history of providing the evidence-base that underpins management of diverse and unique biota and landscapes. This special issue brings together the stories of a range of women in conservation science to showcase the great work being done to develop and improve our knowledge and understanding of Australian plants, animals and ecosystems, across a range of disciplines and sectors. We focus on Australia in recognition of recent commitments by Australian institutions to achieve gender parity in Australian science, while acknowledging the achievements of women in conservation science globally. In this overview we highlight several exemplary women who have paved the way for those of us who have come after them, and present a brief snapshot of the careers of these women to acknowledge their contributions to the development of conservation science, and its associated disciplines. We also distil some common themes that have been identified by the women in the articles featured in this special issue, particularly passion and enthusiasm for the natural environment; multiple pathways that women have taken; satisfaction derived from working collaboratively across disciplines and with a variety of scientists, policy, managers and practitioners; and seeking to embrace diversity. A striking point from many of the stories, that we hope is changing now, is that many of the women had few female role models, yet the stories highlight their resilience and determination and their desire to inspire other young women to take up the challenge of a career in conservation science.
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Lõhmus, Asko, Herdis Fridolin, Agu Leivits, Kristjan Tõnisson, and Riinu Rannap. "Prioritizing research gaps for national conservation management and policy: the managers’ perspective in Estonia." Biodiversity and Conservation 28, no. 10 (May 22, 2019): 2565–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01779-8.
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Calver, Mike. "Adaptive Environmental Management: A Practitioner’s Guide." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 1 (2011): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110078a.
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AS Stankey and Allan explain in their concise but informative introduction, “Adaptive management is characterized by both a compelling and intuitive simplicity (we learn by doing) as well as a growing sophisticated and elegant theoretical discourse.” It offers the promise of using policy implementation to improve understanding of natural systems and thereby to direct future changes to policy and practice. The challenge for managers is to identify the operational practicalities that lie between the attractive concept and the theory. The aim of this book is to examine that challenge through case studies of the real-world application of adaptive management in a range of settings, including examples relevant to managers, policy makers and environmental scientists. The approach is not prescriptive, but rather to reflect on experience as a guide to future practice.
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Vistad, Odd Inge. "Experience and management of recreational impact on the ground – a study among visitors and managers." Journal for Nature Conservation 11, no. 4 (January 2003): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1617-1381-00069.
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Lonsinger, Robert C., Bryan M. Kluever, Lucas K. Hall, Randy T. Larsen, Eric M. Gese, Lisette P. Waits, and Robert N. Knight. "Conservation of Kit Foxes in the Great Basin Desert: Review and Recommendations." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 679–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-025.
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Abstract The kit fox Vulpes macrotis is a species of concern to land managers in the Great Basin Desert of North America. Once common, kit foxes have declined from historical levels. Research on kit foxes in western Utah has spanned nearly 70 y and has potential to inform management and conservation within the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion of the Great Basin Desert. We conducted a systematic literature review on the northern kit fox subspecies V. m. nevadensis. We focused on studies conducted in the Central Basin and Range Ecoregion, which represents the majority of the Great Basin Desert, and provided a comprehensive summary of their ecology and demographics for resource managers. To guide future monitoring, we also reviewed techniques used for kit fox monitoring and research, and evaluated the strengths, limitations, and advances of these techniques. We identified four key factors that deserve consideration when selecting monitoring techniques for kit foxes: estimable parameters, reliability, cost, and rate of data return. Finally, we identify four primary management recommendations. We recommend that managers (1) expand kit fox monitoring and population assessments more broadly across the Great Basin Desert. To ensure future monitoring meets the needs of resource managers, we recommend (2) the application of a structured decision-making process to identify key parameters and approaches. To better understand the factors limiting kit fox populations we recommend (3) population viability and parameter sensitivity analyses to identify drivers of population change. Finally, based on evidence that genetic diversity of kit fox populations has been maintained by undescribed patterns of gene flow, we recommend (4) a broad-scale assessment of population connectivity to identify corridors supporting metapopulation dynamics. These recommendations will facilitate proactive conservation of kit foxes and management practices to reduce future population declines.
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Brilha, José. "Geoconservation and protected areas." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 3 (September 2002): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000188.
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IntroductionIn most countries, protected area managers are primarily interested in biology (McNeely & Miller 1984; Nelson & Serafin 1997). This perspective is not suitable for effective nature conservation because there is no real separation between geological and biological processes. Geology is important in all kinds of planning projects because geology is part of all natural systems. Understanding of climate, landforms and biodiversity depends on geological studies. Even human habitation and cultural heritage depend on geology. During the last 30 years, numerous studies have shown that biological conservation is essential to the welfare of all human beings. Nevertheless, the concept of geoconservation and preservation of the geological heritage has appeared only recently (Wilson 1994; Sharples 1998; Barettino et al. 1999, 2000; Osborne 2000).I argue that real nature conservation can only be attained if geology is integrated into protected area management at the same level of importance as biology and all natural processes are considered together.
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Butler, James. "Cape clawless otter conservation and a trout river in Zimbabwe: a case study." Oryx 28, no. 4 (October 1994): 276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300028684.
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A community-based conservation scheme on the upper catchment of the Kairezi River, eastern Zimbabwe, has been based on financial returns from trout fishing. Despite consistent stocking, trout catches have been declining, which undermines the justification for conservation. Fishery managers believed that Cape clawless otters Aonyx capensis preyed on trout and competed with them for food. An analysis of otter and trout diets in 1993 indicated that this was not the case and the otter was not the cause of the lack of trout. The future of the scheme and the conservation of otters in the catchment are more likely to be threatened by poaching and uncontrolled agricultural activities.
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Maynard, Lily, Susan K. Jacobson, and John Kamanga. "Stakeholder collaboration: evaluating community-based conservancies in Kenya." Oryx 54, no. 5 (February 28, 2019): 723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000789.
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AbstractTo evaluate and improve the involvement of stakeholders in community-based natural resource management, we developed a stakeholder collaboration index. We compared the stakeholders of five Kenyan conservancies by conducting 10 focus group meetings with conservancy management committees and wildlife game scouts. We used the nominal group technique to identify and rank perceptions of the conservancies’ strengths, weaknesses and opportunities, and any threats. The resulting 455 responses were categorized into ecological, institutional or socio-economic themes of ecosystem management. Collaboration index scores ranged from low (0.33) to high (0.95) collaboration, on a scale of 0–1, with a mean of 0.61. Managers and game scouts had varying perceptions of the conservancies but they agreed about major strengths and threats to conservation. The index highlighted shared perspectives between managers and scouts, which could be used as opportunities for increased stakeholder involvement in collaborative management. The stakeholder collaboration index is a potentially useful tool for improving management of environmental conservation programmes.
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Colverson, Peter, and Linda Demetropoulos. "The Natural Areas Training Academy: Preparing Florida's Land Managers for the Modern Challenges of Land Management." Natural Areas Journal 30, no. 2 (April 2010): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.030.0210.
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Sulistio, Tri Djoko, and Thalia Septiani. "The Influence of Accessibility And Facilities on Visitor Satisfaction in Mangrove Forests Pantai Indah Kapuk." TRJ Tourism Research Journal 2, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30647/trj.v2i1.28.
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Green nature in particular in Angke Kapuk Nature Park is a natural conservation area that is used for natural tourism activities and centered on the development of ecotourism. This mangrove forest nature park is a natural conservation area dominated by mangrove vegetation. Nature Park is very influenced by several things, especially accessibility and facilities provided. This research purposes to determine the effect of accessibility and existing facilities in Taman Wisata Alam to visitor satisfaction. The method of analysis used in this research is descriptive and quantitative method of regression. This method is do so that it can give conclusion and picture how accessibility and facility can influence visitor satisfaction. Based on the results of research on the Influence of Accessibility and Facilities to the Mangrove Forest Visitor Satisfaction in Pantai Indah Kapuk, it can be seen that the level of influence given variable X1 (Accessibility) to variable Y (Visitor Satisfaction) is 23.8% and the level of influence given variable X2 (Facility) to variable Y (Visitor Satisfaction) is equal to 76,3%. Therefore, managers should pay more attention to aspects that affect customer satisfaction