Relevant bibliographies by topics / Nature-based solution

Academic literature on the topic 'Nature-based solution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Nature-based solution"

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Tozer, Laura, Kathrin Hörschelmann, Isabelle Anguelovski, Harriet Bulkeley, and Yuliana Lazova. "Whose city? Whose nature? Towards inclusive nature-based solution governance." Cities 107 (December 2020): 102892. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2020.102892.

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Costa, Rita de Cassia Almeida da, and Azeneth Eufrausino Schuler. "Family Farmers and Water Conservation: Learning Nature-Based Solutions as Human Based Solution." Proceedings 30, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019030086.

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Bringing up conservation awareness among key stakeholders is essential for water management and it requires motivation and dialogue in order to achieve local and global environmental sustainability. Water management and agriculture must be in agreement to guarantee current and future multiple uses of water. This paper presents the role of outdoor education as a way for citizens to get involved in territory demands. This study-case of participatory monitoring of Macabu River Basin has been carried out since 2012 in Trajano de Moraes, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Firstly, a bibliographic review and search of historical documents offered the basis to the project “River Macabu in action: history, knowledge and life”. It was aimed at linking land use to water quality and involved students from nine different schools. The relationship between surface water and hydrologic cycle was observed through monitoring rainfall at nine pluviometers installed along 70 km of river length, and the water quality at eleven collection points. The project strategy focused on experiencing historical and geographic contexts and understanding the nature’s goods as a heritage of affective value before endowing it with economic one. The project was triggered after the agreement of various societal segments and an effective sharing for the adequacy of different ways of execution. In the first few months the farmers’ resistance to the project had been overcome as they were sensitized by relatives involved in it. After some time, most farmers got connected to territory and were able to understand the state of the river as an extension of their own choices. Then, conservation practices in agriculture became more frequent mainly in the upper part of the watershed acting as links between the urban and the rural population. The methodology developed in this project was acknowledged as a citizenship solution for water by “Market of Solutions” in the 8th World Water Forum held in 2018. The engagement of young people has been noticed in different forums such as the National Conference on Environment. The farmers’ practical knowledge associated to hands-on education and effective participation in actions for water management actions were considered fundamental to the citizens’ comprehension of the environmental conservation. The results showed the benefits from the farmers and their children’s involvement in the management of water and territory. The participation of family farmers in the River Basin Committees is considered highly relevant to the fulfilment of their legal role as core forums of the water management.
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Eichmanns, Christiane, and Holger Schüttrumpf. "Sandfangzäune als Nature-based Solution im Küstenschutz." Wasser und Abfall 24, no. 4 (April 2022): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35152-022-0752-4.

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Gattringer, Heinz, Nektaria Efthymiou-Charalampopoulou, Egmont Lines, and Maria Kolokotroni. "Nature Based Solution for indoor air quality treatment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012133.

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Abstract Plants have the ability to absorb and degrade VOCs (volatile organic compounds). Foliage can intercept particulate matter (PM) and thus, help to reduce its concentration in the air. Plants can be used as filters in indoor conditions adding an ecosystem service to the decorative purpose. A plant-based air filtration system that actively improves indoor air quality has been developed and installed at a students’ residence at Brunel University, London. This unit replaces an existing window with a mini-greenhouse containing upwards of 30 plants and is connected to an air circuit to treat the indoor air. A monitoring plan is collecting data on the performance of the solution until at least the end of 2021. Preliminary results are presented, which indicate good effectiveness at reducing tVOCs and lower efficiency at reducing PM.
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van der Spek, Bart-Jan, Eelco Bijl, Bas van de Sande, Sanne Poortman, Dirk Heijboer, and Bram Bliek. "Sandbar Breakwater: An Innovative Nature-Based Port Solution." Water 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2020): 1446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051446.

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The nature-based concept of the Sandbar Breakwater was born based on the typical natural dynamics of the West African coast (Gulf of Guinea). Learning from the development and coastal impact of the existing port infrastructure in West Africa, the application of sand as a construction material for marine infrastructure seemed very obvious. Along this coast, ports experience heavy sedimentation at the western updrift side of the breakwaters, leading to the rapid burying of valuable armour rock. The Sandbar Breakwater concept is based on this principle by using natural accretion as the basis for the port protection. Such a concept is advantageous as a large sediment drift naturally supplements the sand filling works during construction and the required rock volumes are reduced significantly, saving construction time and minimising the environmental impact. To counteract the downdrift coastal retreat, a replenishable sand engine completes the scheme. The realisation of a Sandbar Breakwater at Lekki, Nigeria, in 2018, with subsequent safe and continuous port operations, proves the feasibility of the concept. Sustainable future development is further pursued by integrated maintenance campaigns following the Building with Nature principles to guarantee the operability of the port while preserving the alongshore sediment balance and minimising the environmental impact.
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Chernov, Vladimir G. "Choosing a solution based on a fuzzy game with nature." Journal Of Applied Informatics 16, no. 92 (April 30, 2021): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2021-16-2-131-143.

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In business process management, semi-structured or unstructured tasks are very common. The predominance of qualitative estimates of the parameters of such problems leads to the fact that the initial requirements for the selection of appropriate information technologies can be formulated primarily at a qualitative level. In this situation, estimates in the form of linguistic statements formalized by fuzzy sets can be quite informative. Uncertainty in the initial data, the presence of several alternative solutions make it possible to formalize the problem of choosing information technology for solving semi-structured business problems as a game with nature, which is understood as a certain combination of conditions, for example, the number of users and the intensity of their requests, assessed by fuzzy, linguistic statements. The aim of the proposed work is to develop a method for finding the most appropriate solution in conditions of indistinctness of the initial data that determine the choice on a variety of possible alternative information technologies. The proposed method for finding the best solution differs in that all the necessary initial estimates are set in the form of linguistic statements formalized by fuzzy sets, while the influence of fuzzy values of the probabilities of states of nature is taken into account through point estimates of fuzzy sets formalizing these values, and an integral estimate of possible solutions is obtained by transformation of the original fuzzy estimates of alternative solutions into the form of equivalent triangular fuzzy sets. In addition, the proposed method makes it possible to use various types of membership functions of fuzzy sets that formalize these estimates when setting fuzzy initial estimates for solving the problem, as well as to simplify the comparison of integral estimates of possible alternative solutions obtained in the form of fuzzy sets.
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Sarabi, Shahryar, Qi Han, Bauke de Vries, and A. Georges L. Romme. "The nature-based solutions planning support system: A playground for site and solution prioritization." Sustainable Cities and Society 78 (March 2022): 103608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103608.

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Giachino, Chiara, Luigi Bollani, Elisa Truant, and Alessandro Bonadonna. "Urban area and nature-based solution: Is this an attractive solution for Generation Z?" Land Use Policy 112 (January 2022): 105828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105828.

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Triest, Ludwig, Iris Stiers, and Stijn Van Onsem. "Biomanipulation as a nature-based solution to reduce cyanobacterial blooms." Aquatic Ecology 50, no. 3 (November 3, 2015): 461–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10452-015-9548-x.

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贾, 雨欣. "Analysis of Nature-Based Solution Evaluation Criteria and Evaluation Frameworks." Advances in Environmental Protection 12, no. 06 (2022): 1318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/aep.2022.126164.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nature-based solution"

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Orta, Ortiz Maria Susana. "Scaling Nature-based Solutions in Urban Areas: Assessment Methods and Insights for Planning and Design." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/355525.

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Nature-based solutions, through the protection, restoration, management, and creation of new and novel urban ecosystems and the provision of ecosystem services, constitute a promising option for pursuing urban sustainability. Despite the scientific evidence of numerous environmental, social, and economic benefits, pilot projects remain the dominant implementation mechanism of NbS in urban contexts. Considering this, the EU policy and scientific community promote scaling NbS, that is, their systematic integration in urban planning and other decision-making processes to impact more people over a longer time frame. This thesis addresses three main scaling mechanisms that can contribute to mainstream NbS in urban areas: the application of NbS in multiple contexts (scaling out), changes in planning regime (scaling up), and new thinking and values (scaling deep). The first part of the thesis assessed the three scaling mechanisms through a qualitative content analysis of policy and planning documents in a real-life Spanish multilevel planning and governance context. Several scaling patterns were identified, upon which planning characteristics that hinder signs of progress on the scaling out, scaling up, and scaling deep of NbS, as well as opportunities, emerged. The rest of the thesis focused on the key challenges of the scaling-out mechanism. The implementation of multiple NbS was simulated stepwise for the case study of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and curves of cumulative impacts were quantified in terms of ES supply and beneficiaries. The non-linear relationships between NbS implementation and impacts served to discuss critical issues for planning NbS scaling-out strategies. The last study of the thesis investigated the design of specific NbS at the local scale for urban stormwater management, considered a determinant issue for ensuring the adaptability and efficiency of scaled-out NbS. A review of the scientific literature identified a broad set of design variables, related impacts on runoff mitigation and stormwater treatment, and assessment indicators. By critically analyzing the relationship between design variables and impacts, the thesis drew some NbS design recommendations for practitioners. The thesis concluded by providing several insights for the NbS planning and design that can facilitate pursuing scaling goals in urban areas. Finally, further research opportunities emerged concerning assessment methods in various urban contexts and how actions across governance levels and sectors, the role of actors’ coalitions, and co-production/co-learning of knowledge can aid in supporting the flourishment of NbS in cities.
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GRASSO, DENIS. "Nature-Based-Solution e riduzione dei rischi idro-meteo climatici nei comparti industriali. Il caso applicativo della Regione Emilia-Romagna." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/287383.

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La tesi si propone di indagare l’efficacia delle misure basate sulla natura (NBS) nel ridurre il livello di rischio a cui le imprese sono sempre più esposte in seguito all’aumento degli impatti meteo-climatici legati ai cambiamenti climatici e a definire uno schema concettuale per la valutazione del valore assicurativo delle soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS) che consenta un allineamento teorico e pratico tra l’approccio territoriale della “pianificazione dell’adattamento” (CCA) e l’approccio di gestione del rischio di disastri (DRR). La possibilità di individuare e definire soluzioni efficaci alle due domande di ricerca è passata dalla definizione di una innovativa metodologia di analisi e valutazione di interventi NBS in grado di raccordare le metriche e i linguaggi della pianificazione urbanistica con quelle del mondo imprenditoriale e della finanza. Mediante l’utilizzo di un decision support system (DSS) selezionato tra decine di strumenti esistenti, si è modellizzata la capacità di tre misure NBS (Tetti verdi, aree verdi, superfici permeabili) nel ridurre i livelli di esposizione ai rischi climatici associati a due specifici eventi: le ondate di calore e le precipitazioni estreme. La metodologia di analisi elaborata è stata minuziosamente descritta al fine di metterne in evidenza punti di forza e di debolezza. Lo studio ha dimostrato in che misura e a quali condizioni gli interventi di tipo NBS sono efficaci nel ridurre i livelli di rischio a cui differenti tipologie di aziende e interi comparti industriali sono esposti e a cui saranno sempre più esposte nel medio (2030) e lungo termine (2050). Questa efficacia delle NBS nel ridurre i livelli di rischio è stata documentata in due differenti aree di studio, l’area industriale di Bomporto (Modena) e in quella del porto di Ravenna. Le evidenze pratiche ottenute mostrano come le misure NBS modellizzate sono in grado di esprimere la loro capacità di adattamento in due contesti profondamente diversi per profili di rischio e conformazione territoriale. Gli studi condotti hanno mostrato come la riduzione dei livelli di rischio e dei conseguenti danni conseguibili mediante la realizzazione di interventi NBS si attesta per l’area industriale di Bomporto al 32% nello scenario al 2030 e al 33% in quello al 2050 rispetto lo scenario del 2018. Per quanto riguarda l’area industriale di Ravenna invece, si attesta al 21% nello scenario al 2030 e al 25% in quello al 2050 rispetto allo scenario di riferimento (2018). Questo equivale ad una consistente riduzione dei livelli di rischio meteo climatici a cui le due aree di studio sono esposte, consentendo pertanto una forte riduzione della probabilità e della magnitudo degli eventi potenzialmente più gravi in termini di danni alle imprese. Si è infine mostrato come gli indici elaborati siano potenzialmente impiegabili in ambito assicurativo in diversi modi. Tale indice potrebbe essere collegato a prodotti assicurativi a mercato legati al tema delle catastrofi naturali con possibili sconti/sgravi nei premi per le imprese che documentano la realizzazione di interventi NBS. Si è inoltre evidenziato come un approccio di polo/area industriale consentirebbe di evitare fenomeni di selezione avversa o di discriminazione legati alla congiuntura economica delle aziende e a specifiche esposizioni al rischio meteo-climatico, permettendo di pianificare interventi multi impresa e di area vasta in cui il settore pubblico potrebbe avere un ruolo centrale come garante nelle situazioni più gravi.
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Babi, Almenar Javier. "Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature-based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/288810.

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The recognition of nature in the resolution of societal challenges has been growing in relevance. This recognition has been associated with the development of new concepts from science and policy such as natural capital, ecosystem services, green infrastructure, and more recently Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). NBS intends to address societal challenges in an effective and adaptive form providing economic, social, and environmental benefits. The overall aim of this PhD thesis is to develop an environmental and economic assessment of NBS for highly urbanised territories based on rationales and models underpinning ecosystem services, urban/landscape ecology, and life cycle thinking approaches. This combined evaluation approach would help to better understand if NBS are cost-effective or not. The aim is developed according to four specific objectives. The first objective corresponds to the characterisation of NBS in relation to urban contexts and the problematics that they can help to address or mitigate. To achieve this objective a critical review on the study of the relationship between NBS, ecosystem services (ES) and urban challenges (UC) was developed. As a main output, a graph of plausible cause-effect relationships between NBS, ES and UC is obtained. The graph represents a first step to support sustainable urban planning, moving from problems (i.e. urban challenges) to actions (i.e. NBS) to resolutions (i.e. ES). The second objective corresponds to the definition of an adequate set of biophysical and monetary assessment methods and indicators to evaluate the value of NBS in urbanised contexts. To achieve this objective, a review of existing methods on ecosystem services valuation, life cycle cost analysis and life-cycle assessment are developed. The review takes into account specific constraints such as easiness to use and availability of data. At the end, potential methods and indicators were selected, which will be later integrated in the combined assessment framework. The third objective corresponds to the design of a combined assessment framework integrating methods from life cycle assessment, landscape/urban ecology and ecosystem services that quantifies the environmental and economic value of NBS informing about the cost-effectiveness of its entire life cycle. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework is developed. From it, a system dynamics model of ecosystem (dis)services is developed and coupled with a life cycle assessment method. The combined evaluation is tested with a relevant NBS type (i.e. urban forest) in a case study in the metropolitan area of Madrid. The fourth objective is the development of a decision support (DSS) tool that integrates the assessment framework as part of iterative design processes in urban planning and landscape design. The DSS intends to enhance the interrelation between science, policy and planning/design. To achieve this objective a user-friendly web-based prototype DSS on NBS, called NBenefit$®, is developed. The prototype DSS provides the user a simple form of quantifying the provision of multiple ES and costs over the entire life cycle (implementation, operational life, and end-of-life) of NBS. This thesis contributed to the characterisation of NBS and its environmental and economic assessment to inform urban planning and landscape design processes, allowing decisions that are more informed.
Il riconoscimento della natura nella risoluzione delle sfide sociali è diventato sempre più importante. Questo riconoscimento è stato associato allo sviluppo di nuovi concetti provenienti dalla scienza e dalla politica, come il capitale naturale, i servizi ecosistemici, le infrastrutture verdi e, più recentemente, le soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS). NBS intende affrontare le sfide della società in una forma efficace e adattabile fornendo benefici economici, sociali e ambientali. Lo scopo di ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di sviluppare una valutazione ambientale ed economica delle NBS per territori altamente urbanizzati basata su logiche e modelli che hanno alla base i servizi ecosistemici, l'ecologia urbana e paesaggistica e degli approcci di approcio life cycle. Questo quadro di valutazione combinato aiuterebbe a capire meglio se le NBS sono costo effetive e se contribuiscono a uno sviluppo resiliente e sostenibile. Questo scopo di ricerca è sviluppato secondo quattro obiettivi specifici. Il primo obiettivo corrisponde alla caratterizzazione delle NBS in relazione ai contesti urbani e alle problematiche che possono aiutare ad affrontare o mitigare. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stata sviluppata una revisione critica dell letteratura sullo studio della relazione tra NBS, servizi ecosistemici (ES) e sfide urbane (UC). Come risultato principale, si ottiene un grafico delle relazioni causa-effetto plausibili tra NBS, ES ed UC. Il grafico rappresenta un primo passo per supportare la pianificazione urbana sostenibile, passando dai problemi (es. UC) alle azioni (es. NBS) alle risoluzioni (es. ES). Il secondo obiettivo corrisponde alla definizione di un set di metodi e indicatori di valutazione biofisica e monetaria adeguate per valutare il valore della NBS in contesti urbanizzati. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, viene sviluppata una revisione dei metodi esistenti sulla valutazione dei servizi ecosistemici, l'analisi dei costi del ciclo di vita e la valutazione del ciclo di vita. La revisione tiene conto di vincoli specifici come la facilità d'uso e la disponibilità dei dati. Alla fine, sono stati selezionati potenziali metodi e indicatori, che saranno successivamente integrati nel quadro di valutazione combinato. Il terzo obiettivo corrisponde alla progettazione del quadro di valutazione combinato, integrando metodi di valutazione del ciclo di vita, ecologia paesaggistica / urbana e servizi ecosistemici che quantifica il valore ambientale ed economico della NBS informando sull'efficacia in termini di costi del suo intero ciclo di vita. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, prima viene sviluppato un quadro concettuale. Da esso, viene sviluppato un modello di dinamica di sistemi per calcolare i servizi (e disservici) ecosistemici, il quale è interrelazionato con un metodo di valutazione life cycle. Questa valutazione combinata viene testata con un tipo di NBS pertinente (foresta urbana) in un caso di studio nell'area metropolitana di Madrid. Il quarto obiettivo è lo sviluppo di uno strumento di supporto decisionale (DSS) che integri il quadro di valutazione come parte dei processi di progettazione iterativa nella pianificazione urbana e nella progettazione del paesaggio. Il DSS intende migliorare l'interrelazione tra scienza, politica e pianificazione / progettazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stato sviluppato Nbenefit$® un prototipo di DSS online per la valutazzione NBS di facile uso. Il prototipo DSS fornisce all'utente una forma semplice per quantificare multipli ES e costi (internalizatti o no) durante l'intero ciclo di vita (implementazione, vita operativa e fine vita) del NBS. In conclusione, questa tesi ha contribuito alla caratterizzazione di NBS e alla sua valutazione ambientale ed economica per informare i processi di pianificazione urbana e progettazione del paesaggio, consentendo decisioni più informate.
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BARAVIKOVA, ALIAKSANDRA. "Dealing with conceptual ambiguity on the ground: how practitioners in Europe operationalise the international policy rhetoric on urban climate adaptation." Doctoral thesis, Gran Sasso Science Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12571/9962.

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In recent decades, adaptation to the impacts of climate change has become a key agenda for cities around the globe. A growing body of literature has already illustrated how cities are a key driver of climate change, its main victim and a promising site for action. Meanwhile, climate change has brought not only new responsibilities but also a new lexicon for urban practitioners. Concepts such as urban climate resilience and the idea of nature’s benefits for climate adaptation, embodied in the “green concepts” – nature-based solutions (NbS), ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and blue-green infrastructure (BGI) – feature in the major global agreements. Still, they are often seen as vague, ambiguous, and therefore of limited practical value. Despite their prominence both in academia and policy discourses, their actual operationalisation and use on the ground remains understudied. This thesis aims to widen the existing scholarly knowledge by examining how urban climate resilience and ‘green concepts’ are used and operationalised at different levels of decision-making in the EU. Several bodies of literature contribute to the conceptual framework of the thesis: climate change adaptation in cities, scholarship specifically on these concepts, and studies on the role of framings and science-policy interface in environmental and climate governance. I use qualitative methods to analyse strategic policy papers and semi-structured interviews with city practitioners across Europe, plus a survey among European academics. The thesis is composed of three academic papers investigating the uptake of these concepts. Paper 1 compares the perceptions of conceptual tensions surrounding urban resilience among the EU academics and practitioners; Paper 2 looks at how urban resilience is operationalised in three science-policy projects financed by the EU; Paper 3 studies the uptake of NbS, BGI and EbA, which are seen as one of the key ways to enhance urban resilience, in urban green planning and management in four large Polish cities. This study provides a critical discussion of concepts’ operationalisation efforts and challenges and discusses the role of vagueness and uncertainty in their uptake. It contributes to the literature by expanding the geography of research beyond few ‘frontrunner’ cities as well as outlining some general tendencies in the European context.
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Maxter, Melissa. "Sustainable Urban Development : Development Option Using Nature-based Solutions." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33925.

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The paper evaluates nature-based solutions for a retrofitting proposal for the combined regeneration, climate adaptation, and green space management of the industrial area Gåsebäck in Helsingborg, Sweden. The objective of this study was to evaluate options for how Gåsebäck could be sustainably regenerated and developed, while providing additional security against future negative effects of climate change, through the implementation of nature-based solutions. The methods used were unstructured interviews, literature study, thematic data analysis, and scoping review. Some urban societal challenges the area is facing were identified as Urban regeneration, Climate adaptation, and Green space management. The suggested NBSs to address these challenges are phytoremediation, mycoremediation, street trees and bushes, green walls, green roofs, flower beds, permeable surfaces, roadside greenery, rain gardens, de-culvertation and pocket parks. Examples of how the identified nature-based solutions can be retrofitted to block Italien are installing green walls on the old fire station for noise and pollution abatement, biodiversity increase, climate regulation, and enhancement of green elements; green roofs on various buildings for e.g. water management, increased biodiversity and green elements; street trees and bushes along the streets Södergatan and Malmöleden/Gåsebäcksvägen for noise and pollution abatement, water management, biodiversity increase, and enhancement of green elements; site specific installation or pocket park with phyto- or mycoremediation; flower beds and roadside traffic to increase attractiveness; and rain gardens and permeable surfaces for water management.

20180620

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Douglas, Steven Murray, and u4093670@alumni anu edu au. "Is 'green' religion the solution to the ecological crisis? A case study of mainstream religion in Australia." The Australian National University. Fenner School of Environment and Society, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20091111.144835.

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A significant and growing number of authors and commentators have proposed that ecologically enlightened (‘greened’) religion is the solution or at least a major part of the solution to the global ecological crisis. These include Birch, 1965 p90; Brindle, 2000; Callicott, 1994; Gardner, 2002, 2003, 2006; Gore Jr., 1992; Gottlieb, 2006, 2007; Hallman, 2000; Hamilton, 2006b, a, 2007b; Hessel & Ruether, 2000b; Hitchcock, 1999; King, 2002; Lerner, 2006a; McDonagh, 1987; McFague, 2001; McKenzie, 2005; Nasr, 1996; Oelschlaeger, 1994; Palmer, 1992; Randers, 1972; Tucker & Grim, 2000; and White Jr., 1967. Proponents offer a variety of reasons for this view, including that the majority of the world’s and many nations’ people identify themselves as religious, and that there is a large amount of land and infrastructure controlled by religious organisations worldwide. However, the most important reason is that ‘religion’ is said to have one or more exceptional qualities that can drive and sustain dramatic personal and societal change. The underlying or sometimes overt suggestion is that as the ecological crisis is ultimately a moral crisis, religion is best placed to address the problem at its root. ¶ Proponents of the above views are often religious, though there are many who are not. Many proponents are from the USA and write in the context of the powerful role of religion in that country. Others write in a global context. Very few write from or about the Australian context where the role of religion in society is variously argued to be virtually non-existent, soon to be non-existent, or conversely, profound but covert. ¶ This thesis tests the proposition that religion is the solution to the ecological crisis. It does this using a case study of mainstream religion in Australia, represented by the Catholic, Anglican, and Uniting Churches. The Churches’ ecological policies and practices are analysed to determine the extent to which these denominations are fulfilling, or might be able to fulfil, the proposition. The primary research method is an Internet-based search for policy and praxis material. The methodology is Critical Human Ecology. ¶ The research finds that: the ‘greening’ of these denominations is evident; it is a recent phenomenon in the older Churches; there is a growing wealth of environmentalist sentiment and ecological policy being produced; but little institutional praxis has occurred. Despite the often-strong rhetoric, there is no evidence to suggest that ecological concerns, even linked to broader social concerns (termed ‘ecojustice’) are ‘core business’ for the Churches as institutions. Conventional institutional and anthropocentric welfare concerns remain dominant. ¶ Overall, the three Churches struggle with organisational, demographic, and cultural problems that impede their ability to convert their official ecological concerns into institutional praxis. Despite these problems, there are some outstanding examples of ecological policy and praxis in institutional and non-institutional forms that at least match those seen in mainstream secular society. ¶ I conclude that in Australia, mainstream religion is a limited part of the solution to the ecological crisis. It is not the solution to the crisis, at least not in its present institutional form. Institutional Christianity is in decline in Australia and is being replaced by non-institutional Christianity, other religions and non-religious spiritualities (Tacey, 2000, 2003; Bouma, 2006; Tacey, 2007). The ecological crisis is a moral crisis, but in Australia, morality is increasingly outside the domain of institutional religion. The growth of the non-institutional religious and the ‘spiritual but not religious’ demographic may, if ecologically informed, offer more of a contribution to addressing the ecological crisis in future. This may occur in combination with some of the more progressive movements seen at the periphery of institutional Christianity such as the ‘eco-ministry’ of Rev. Dr. Jason John in Adelaide, and the ‘Creation Spirituality’ taught, advocated and practiced by the Mercy Sisters’ Earth Link project in Queensland.
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Tiberg, Linnéa. "Addera mervärde till plan- och byggprocessen med Nature-based solutions." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för företagande, innovation och hållbarhet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45524.

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With a growing density in the cities, we are building more and more compact with fewer space for green areas. At the same time, the biodiversity has been going through extensive changes due to humans’ impact on the planet. Nature-based solutions (NbS) is one of the important tools to cope with climate change and other important challenges of the community. The aim of this study is to create a deeper understanding of what possibilities and limitations there is for Nature-based solution for the Swedish circumstances. This is a qualitative study based upon a literature study and interviews, that unravels what NbS implies, what the project process looks like and how it overlaps with the plan and building law in Sweden. The study shows how to implement NbS to the plan and building process, there are many possibilities to implement but few means to control the outcome through the process. Today the sustainability work is mostly built on minimum requirements, society impacts and on good will. To better implement NbS the study shows that though the environmental impact assessment the work is the most equivalent compared to NbS project process and also has the authority to regulate different protection measures.
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STURLA, SUSANNA. "Città e ambiente, opportunità e limiti delle Nature Based Solutions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263388.

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STURLA, SUSANNA. "Città e ambiente, opportunità e limiti delle Nature Based Solutions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263428.

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STURLA, SUSANNA. "Città e ambiente, opportunità e limiti delle Nature Based Solutions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263408.

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Books on the topic "Nature-based solution"

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Brears, Robert C. Financing Nature-Based Solutions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93325-8.

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Ferreira, Carla S. S., Zahra Kalantari, Thomas Hartmann, and Paulo Pereira, eds. Nature-Based Solutions for Flood Mitigation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77505-6.

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Brears, Robert C. Nature-Based Solutions to 21st Century Challenges. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429294600.

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Vasconcelos, Clara, and Cristina S. C. Calheiros, eds. Enhancing Environmental Education Through Nature-Based Solutions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91843-9.

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Mahmoud, Israa H., Eugenio Morello, Fabiano Lemes de Oliveira, and Davide Geneletti, eds. Nature-based Solutions for Sustainable Urban Planning. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89525-9.

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O'Hogain, Sean, and Liam McCarton. A Technology Portfolio of Nature Based Solutions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73281-7.

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Dhyani, Shalini, Anil Kumar Gupta, and Madhav Karki, eds. Nature-based Solutions for Resilient Ecosystems and Societies. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4712-6.

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Kabisch, Nadja, Horst Korn, Jutta Stadler, and Aletta Bonn, eds. Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56091-5.

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Pachova, Nevelina, Perlie Velasco, Antonina Torrens, and Veeriah Jegatheesan, eds. Regional Perspectives of Nature-based Solutions for Water: Benefits and Challenges. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18412-3.

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Ismailov, Nariman, Samira Nadzhafova, and Aygyun Gasymova. Bioecosystem complexes for the solution of environmental, industrial and social problems (on the example of Azerbaijan). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043239.

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A key objective of the modern development of society is the observance of ecological and socio-economic unity in human life and comprehensive improvement of environment and quality of life should be considered in close connection with the quality of the natural landscape. The formation of scientific understanding of the unity of society and nature is driven by the need for practical implementation of such unity. This defines the focus of this monograph. Given the overall assessment of the current state of the environment in Azerbaijan, considers the scenarios for the future development of the area. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. In the framework of the above to address complex social, environmental and production problems in Azerbaijan developed scientific basis of integrated system of industrial farms — biclusters with a closed production cycle through effective utilization of regional biological resources, whose interactions and relationships take on the character of vzaimodeistvie components for obtaining focused final result with high practical importance. Microbiological, biochemical and technological processes are the basis of all development of biotechnology. Presents the development will help strengthen the ties between science and production, establishing mechanisms to conduct applied research in the field of innovation and creation of knowledge-based technologies in solving current and future environmental problems in Azerbaijan. We offer innovative ideas distinguishes the potential need for their materialization into new products, technologies and services, including the widespread use of digital technologies to design dynamic digital environmental map in space and in time. For students, scientific and engineering-technical workers, students and specializing in environmental technology, environmental protection.
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Book chapters on the topic "Nature-based solution"

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Fratini, Fabiola. "Climate Change and “Local Nature Based Solution” Towards Resilience." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2680–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06825-6_256.

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Bhardwaj, Shweta, Anil Kumar Gupta, Shalini Dhyani, and Muralee Thummarukudy. "Nature-Based Solution Entry Points Through Sectoral Policies, Strategic Instruments and Business Continuity." In Nature-based Solutions for Resilient Ecosystems and Societies, 409–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4712-6_23.

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Rahman, Syed Ajijur, and Himlal Baral. "Nature-Based Solution for Balancing the Food, Energy, and Environment Trilemma: Lessons from Indonesia." In Nature-based Solutions for Resilient Ecosystems and Societies, 69–82. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4712-6_4.

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Bhatt, I. D., Vikram S. Negi, and R. S. Rawal. "Promoting Nature-Based Solution (NbS) Through Restoration of Degraded Landscapes in the Indian Himalayan Region." In Nature-based Solutions for Resilient Ecosystems and Societies, 197–211. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4712-6_12.

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Ghosh, Sonali, and C. Ramesh. "Guns and Roses: Forest Landscape Restoration as a Nature-Based Solution in Areas of Armed Conflict." In Nature-based Solutions for Resilient Ecosystems and Societies, 149–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4712-6_9.

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Pérez, Sendy, and Héctor Becerril. "Nature-Based Solution for Climate-Resilient Cities: Lessons from Mexico." In Implementing the UN Sustainable Development Goals – Regional Perspectives, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91188-1_54-1.

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Lahoti, Shruti, Ashish Lahoti, and Osamu Saito. "Applicability of Nature-Based Solution Through Green Infrastructure Approach to Enhance Green Cover in Urban Transition Scenario." In Nature-based Solutions for Resilient Ecosystems and Societies, 247–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4712-6_15.

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Kumar, Manoj, and Hukum Singh. "Agroforestry as a Nature-Based Solution for Reducing Community Dependence on Forests to Safeguard Forests in Rainfed Areas of India." In Nature-based Solutions for Resilient Ecosystems and Societies, 289–306. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4712-6_17.

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Weesakul, Sutat, Uruya Weesakul, Phruetthiphong Thatanchuleekun, and Sirapee Ditthabumrung. "From irrigation perspective to disaster risk reduction using nature-based solution." In Water Projects and Technologies in Asia, 289–301. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003222736-29.

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Lawlor, Paul, and Derek W. T. Jackson. "A Nature-Based Solution for Coastal Foredune Restoration: The Case Study of Maghery, County Donegal, Ireland." In Human-Nature Interactions, 417–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01980-7_32.

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Significance StatementClimate change has many negative impacts on coastal areas with sea level rise and more frequent and intense storms leading to higher rates of coastal flooding and erosion. Natural coastal features such as beaches and sand dune systems can boost resilience to climate change and provide an effective buffer against negative impacts. This case study from Maghery in Ireland demonstrates how a partnership of stakeholders comprising Local Government, Ulster University and the coastal community implemented a Nature-based Solution to regenerate a coastal foredune system in a Special Area of Conservation. The Nature-based Solution also proved to be a more effective and a more appropriate adaptation response than constructing a hard engineering scheme to protect the coastline.
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Conference papers on the topic "Nature-based solution"

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Maeght, J. "Nature-Based Solution - Deep Rooting, Potential Assets for Plant Resilience to Climate." In NSG2021 27th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202120261.

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DE OLIVEIRA GOBETTI, RENATA V., ORNELLA SALIMBENE, and DEBORAH ANEPINTO. "NATURE-BASED SOLUTION AS FLOOD PROTECTION STRATEGIES: THE CASE OF CARAHÁ RIVER PARK, BRAZIL." In SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm210181.

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"PHYTOREMEDIATION AS NATURE-BASED SOLUTION IN TERRITORIES OF SOCIO-SPATIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FRAGILITY: GUARAPIRANGA NAUTICAL SPORT CLUB CASE STUDY." In International Conferences on: Educational Technologies 2022 (ICEduTech 2022), Sustainability, Technology and Education 2022 (STE 2022), Internet Technologies & Society 2022 (ITS 2022) and Applied Management Advances in the 21st Century 2022 (AMA21 2022). IADIS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33965/ice2022_202210l009.

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Tinsley, Andrea, Prem A. Midha, Robert L. Nagel, Daniel A. McAdams, Robert B. Stone, and L. H. Shu. "Exploring the Use of Functional Models as a Foundation for Biomimetic Conceptual Design." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35604.

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The natural world provides numerous cases for analogy and inspiration. From simple cases such as hook and latch attachments to articulated-wing flying vehicles, nature provides many sources for ideas. Though biological systems provide a wealth of elegant and ingenious approaches to problem solving, there are challenges that prevent designers from leveraging the full insight of the biological world into the designed world. This paper describes how those challenges can be overcome through functional analogy. Through the creation of a function-based repository, designers can find biomimetic solutions by searching the function for which a solution is needed. A biomimetic function-based repository enables learning, practicing and researching designers to fully leverage the elegance and insight of the natural world. In this paper, we present the initial efforts of functional modeling natural systems and then transferring the principles of the natural system to an engineered system. Four case studies are presented in this paper. These case studies include a biological solution to a problem found in nature and engineered solutions corresponding to the high level functionality of the biological solution, i.e., a fly’s winged flight and a flapping wing aircraft. The case studies show that unique, creative engineered solutions can be generated through functional analogy with nature.
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Woodbury, Keith A., Courtney Graham, John Baker, and Charles Karr. "An Inverse Method Using a Genetic Algorithm to Determine Spatial Temperature Distribution From Infrared Tranmissivity Measurements in a Gas." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56779.

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The ill-posed nature of inverse problems suggests that a solution be obtained through an optimization method. Genetic algorithms (GAs) effectively locate the global optimum, and are therefore an appealing technique to solve inverse problems. GAs mimic biological evolution, refining a set of solutions until the best solution is found. In this report, a genetic algorithm is developed and demonstrated based on a simple problem of determining the equation of a straight line. Then the GA is modified and implemented to estimate the temperature distribution in a gas based on the measured infrared tranmissivity distribution. The ulitimate task of this inverse method will be determination of the gas composition based on these transmissivity measurements.
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Corns, Steven M., Kenneth M. Bryden, and Daniel A. Ashlock. "Evolutionary Optimization Using Graph Based Evolutionary Algorithms." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41287.

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Graph based evolutionary algorithms (GBEAs) are a novel evolutionary optimization technique that utilize population graphing to impose a topology or geography on the evolving solution set. In many cases in nature, the ability of a particular member of a population to mate and reproduce is limited. The factors creating these limits vary widely and include geographical distance, mating rituals, and others. The effect of these factors is to limit the mating pool, reducing the rate of spread of genetic characteristics, and increased diversity within the population. GBEAs mimic these factors resulting in increased diversity within the solution population. When properly tuned to the problem and the size of the population set, GBEAs can result in improved convergence times and a more diverse number of viable solutions. This paper examines the impact of the fitness landscape, population size, and choice of graph on the evolutionary process. In general, it was found that there was an optimal population size and graph combination for each problem. This optimal graph/population was problem dependent.
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Urbanowicz, Kamil, Haixiao Jing, Anton Bergant, Michał Stosiak, and Marek Lubecki. "Progress in Analytical Modeling of Water Hammer." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65920.

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Abstract In this paper analytical formulas of water hammer known from the literature are simplified to the shortest possible mathematical form based on dimensionless parameters: dimensionless time, water hammer number, etc. Novel formulas are determined, for example for the flow velocity and wall shear stress in the Muto and Takahashi solution. A complete solution in the Laplace domain is presented and the problem of its inverse transformation is discussed. A series of comparative studies of analytical solutions with numerical solutions and the results of experimental research were carried out. The compared analytical solutions, taking into account the frequency-dependent nature of the hydraulic resistances, show very good agreement with the experimental results in a wide range of water hammer numbers, in particular when Wh ≤ 0.1. On the other hand, it turned out that the analytical model based on the quasi-steady friction in great detail simulates dynamic pressure response in systems characterized by a high value of the water hammer number Wh ≥ 0.5.
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Zhou, Feng, Nicholas Hansen, and Ivan Catton. "VAT Based Modeling of Plate-Pin Fin Heat Sink and Obtaining Closure From CFD Solution." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44247.

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A plate-pin fin heat sink (PPFHS) is composed of a plate fin heat sink (PFHS) and some pin fins planted between the flow channels. Just as the other kinds of heat sinks, it is a hierarchical multilevel device with many parameters required for its description. Volume Averaging Theory (VAT) is used to rigorously cast the point-wise conservation of energy, momentum and mass equations into a form that represents the thermal and hydraulic properties of the plate-pin fin (porous media) morphology and to describe the hierarchical nature of the heat sink. Closure for the upper level is obtained using VAT to describe the lower level. At the lower level, the media is described by a representative elementary volume (REV). Closure terms in the VAT equations are related to a local friction factor and a heat transfer coefficient of the REV. The terms in the closure expressions are complex and relating experimental data to the closure terms resulting from VAT is difficult. In this work, we model the plate-pin fin heat sink based on Volume Averaging Theory and use CFD to obtain detailed solutions of flow through an element of PPFHS and use these results to evaluate the closure terms needed for a fast running VAT based code. The VAT based code can then be used to solve the heat transfer characteristics of the higher level heat sink. The objective is to show how plate-pin fin heat sinks can be modeled as porous media based on Volume Averaging Theory and how CFD can be used in place of a detailed, often formidable, experimental effort.
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Arora, Madhav, Siyao Luan, Deborah L. Thurston, and James T. Allison. "Hybrid Procedure-Based Design Strategies Augmented With Optimization." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68348.

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Procedure-based design is well-established, supporting engineers via expert knowledge codified in resources such as handbooks, tables, and heuristic if-then rules of thumb. These procedures enable even inexperienced designers to benefit from the knowledge obtained by more experienced counterparts through years of practice and discovery. While procedural approaches have many advantages, they do have limitations. They tend to produce only satisficing, rather than optimal, solutions. In addition, they are based on historical designs, so offer little assistance for new system types, and are often descriptive rather than normative in nature. In contrast, normative methods — such as constrained optimization — can resolve many of these issues, but at the cost of significant development effort. Here we present a synergistic hybrid strategy with the objective of capitalizing on established procedure-based design methods for a subset of design problem elements, while incorporating normative strategies for the remaining elements. A design procedure is analyzed to identify steps that involve specification of design variables, and a subset of rule-based steps that could be replaced with optimization algorithms. A single-stage spur gear train design example is used to illustrate this process, and for comparing alternative hybrid solution strategies. Initial results indicate that solution quality can be improved significantly over purely procedure-based design when incorporating limited optimization elements, while maintaining a reasonable level of additional modeling effort.
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Zeng, Yong. "Environment-Based Design (EBD)." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48263.

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This paper summarizes a design methodology — Environment Based Design (EBD) — developed over the last two decades. The EBD stems from the observation that design aims to change an existing environment to a desired one by generating a new artefact. Design starts from the environment, functions for the environment, and brings changes to the environment. This environment changing process implies the recursive evolution of design problems, design knowledge, and design solutions. Three basic activities are included in the EBD: environment analysis, conflict identification, and solution generation. In introducing the EBD, four major requirements for an effective design methodology are firstly formulated from the perspective of the nature of design, cognitive model of design, and the driving force underlying design. The mathematical, semantic and algorithmic foundations of the EBD are then presented to define methods and procedures for solving a design problem. Experimental validation and industrial applications are summarized to show the effectiveness of the EBD. Future research questions are also given in the paper.
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Reports on the topic "Nature-based solution"

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Vincent, Odongo, Karina Barquet, and Jonathan Green. Addressing Scale in Nature-Based Solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.043.

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Nature-based solutions (NbS) need to be explicitly designed to deliver measurable benefits for nature and society. The authors argue that different dimensions of scale could be better incorporated in the future design of NbS.
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Schueler, Kelsey. Nature-based Solutions to Enhance Coastal Resilience. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000824.

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Mabon, Leslie. Nature-Based Solutions and the Green Economy. The British Academy, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacop26/9780856726705.001.

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Silva, Mariana, Greg Watson, Amal Lee Amin, Graham Watkins, Amanda Rycerz, and John Firth. Increasing Infrastructure Resilience with Nature-Based Solutions (NbS). Inter-American Development Bank, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002325.

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Boyland, Michael, Heidi Tuhkanen, Jonathan Green, and Karina Barquet. Principles for just and equitable nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.016.

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This discussion brief examines issues that must be addressed to help ensure that the design, governance and implementation of nature-based solutions (NbS) are just and equitable. The authors outline five principles to incorporate in NbS to achieve these goals, and they present a case study from a semi-informal settlement in Kenya that illustrates how such principles can be integrated into very preliminary efforts to set the stage NbS-oriented approaches to address multiple community-level concerns.
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Atteridge, Aaron, Dhyey Batpuria, Biljana Macura, Karina Barquet, and Jonathan Green. Assessing finance for nature-based solutions to climate change. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.052.

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Maydykovskiy, Igor, and Petra Užpelkis. The Concept of space-time quanta in future technologies. Intellectual Archive, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2464.

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The article discusses the possibility of using the technological advantages that appear in connection with the discovery of the physical essence of Time and new interpretation of the structure of space in the form of space-time quanta. One of the problems that can be successfully solved on the basis of the new physical model is the problem of establishing the true nature of gravity. The solution to this problem is directly related to the implementation of the idea of unsupported motion based on the interaction in a certain way of the created asymmetric interference structure of longitudinal waves with the natural structure of spatial frequencies.
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Xie, Linjun. Valuing Inclusion and Diversity, Embracing Uncertainty: Ways Forward for Nature-based Solutions. The British Academy, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacop26/9780856726712.001.

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Almássy, Dóra. Realising the Potential of Nature-Based Solutions for a Transformative Societal Change. The British Academy, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacop26/9780856726781.001.

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Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren, and Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.

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Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
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