Books on the topic 'Nature-based play'
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1
Courtney, Janet A., Jamie Lynn Langley, Lynn Louise Wonders, Rosalind Heiko, and Rose LaPiere. Nature-Based Play and Expressive Therapies. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003152767.
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Adamson, Dawn. Learning through play the natural way: Nature based activities promoting environmental education for young children. Langley, B.C: Adamson Educational Services, Pub. Division, 2004.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. Strategic development of railway transport logistics. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1194747.
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The monograph is devoted to the methodology of material and technical support of railway transport. According to the types of activities, the nature of the material and technical resources used, technologies, means and management systems, Russian railways belong to the category of high-tech industries that must have high quality and technical level, reliability and technological efficiency in operation. For this reason, the logistics system itself, both in structure and in the algorithm of the functions performed as a whole, needs a serious improvement in the quality of its work. The economic situation in Russia requires a revision of the principles and mechanisms of management based on the corporate model of supply chain management, focused on logistics knowledge. In the difficult economic conditions of the current decade, it is necessary to improve the quality of the supply organization of enterprises and structural divisions of railway transport, directly related to the implementation of the process approach, the advantage of which is a more detailed regulation of management actions and their mutual coordination. In order to increase the efficiency of its activities and develop the management system, Russian Railways is developing a lean production system aimed at further expanding the implementation of the principles of customer orientation, ideology and corporate culture.
At the present time, the solution of many issues is impossible without a cybernetic approach to the formulation of problems of material and technical support and logistics analysis of information technologies, to the implementation of the developed algorithms and models of development strategies and concepts for improving the business processes of the production system. The management strategy, or the general plan for the implementation of activities for the management of material resources, is based on a fundamental assessment of the alignment and correlation of forces and factors operating in the economic and political field, taking into account the impact on the specific form of the management strategy.
The materials will be useful to the heads and specialists of the directorates of the MTO, CDZs and can be used in the scientific research of bachelors, masters and postgraduates interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics.
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Nature-Based Play and Expressive Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Nature-Based Play and Expressive Therapies. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Letting Play Bloom: Designing Nature-Based Risky Play for Children. Temple University Press, 2022.
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Aguilar, Delfina. Nature of Play: A Handbook of Nature-Based Activities for All Seasons. Fanny and Alexander, 2019.
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Wiedel-Lubinski, Monica. Nature-Based Early Childhood Education: How Emergent Curriculum and Nature Play Support Learning. National Association for the Education of Young Children, 2022.
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Courtney, Janet A., Rosalind Heiko, Jamie Lynn Langley, Lynn Louise Wonders, and Rose LaPiere. Nature-Based Play and Expressive Therapies: Interventions for Working with Children, Teens, and Families. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Nature-Based Play and Expressive Therapies: Interventions for Working with Children, Teens, and Families. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Courtney, Janet A., Rosalind Heiko, Jamie Lynn Langley, Lynn Louise Wonders, and Rose LaPiere. Nature-Based Play and Expressive Therapies: Interventions for Working with Children, Teens, and Families. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Whitehead, Kevin. Play the Way You Feel. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190847579.001.0001.
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This book—both a narrative and a film directory—surveys and analyzes English-language feature films (and a few shorts and TV shows/movies) made between 1927 and 2019 that tell stories about jazz music, its musicians, its history and culture. Play the Way You Feel looks at jazz movies as a narrative tradition with recurring plot points and story tropes, whose roots and development are traced. It also demonstrates how jazz stories cut across diverse genres—biopic, romance, musical, comedy and science fiction, horror, crime and comeback stories, “race movies” and modernized Shakespeare—even as they constitute a genre of their own. The book is also a directory/checklist of such films, 67 of them with extensive credits, plus dozens more shorter/capsule discussions. Where jazz films are based on literary sources, they are examined, and the nature of their adaptation explored: what gets retained, removed, or invented? What do historical films get right and wrong? How does a film’s music, and the style of the filmmaking itself, reinforce or undercut the story?
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Domski, Mary. Laws of Nature and the Divine Order of Things. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746775.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the different ways in which Descartes and Newton balance their claim that laws of nature are true of the natural world with their commitment to our human inability to fully comprehend God’s creation of nature. For both Descartes and Newton, there is a qualified notion of truth at play. Descartes’s laws of nature are true insofar as they capture God’s maintenance of nature only so far as we can understand. Nonetheless, they are afforded the highest degree of certainty and necessity that we can attain. Newton’s laws of motion are true insofar as they accurately describe the motions we witness in the sensible world. However, this truth is not based on mere inductive certainty; this chapter argues it is a truth that is characterized by rational certainty and thus closer to Descartes’s notion than we might expect from Newton’s ‘empirical’ method.
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Shakespeare's Global Philosophy: Exploring Shakespeare's nature-based philosophy in his sonnets, plays and Globe. Quaternary Imprint, 2017.
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Peters, Roger Michael. Shakespeare's Global Philosophy: Exploring Shakespeare's nature-based philosophy in his sonnets, plays and Globe. Quaternary Imprint, 2017.
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King, Ruth. Morphosyntactic Variation. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0022.
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This chapter first reviews early methodological and theoretical debates regarding the nature of variation above the level of phonology. These debates include whether or not the notion of the linguistic variable can be legitimately extended to morphosyntactic variation; the nature of the relationship between quantitative data and the statistical results based on them and linguistic competence; and what role linguistic introspection should play. The discussion deals with current trends in modeling morphosyntactic variation, or, put differently, with the emerging field of socio-syntax. There are two main responses to the question of where morphosyntactic variation comes from. One perspective involves the postulation of multiple grammars, most prominently in Kroch’s Competing Grammars model. The other relies on the Minimalist operations of feature interpretation and feature checking.
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Garnett, Stephen, Judit Szabo, and Guy Dutson. Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010. CSIRO Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643103696.
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The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 is the third in a series of action plans that have been produced at the start of each decade. The book analyses the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) status of all the species and subspecies of Australia's birds, including those of the offshore territories. For each bird the size and trend in their population and distribution has been analysed using the latest iteration of IUCN Red List Criteria to determine their risk of extinction.
The book also provides an account of all those species and subspecies that are or are likely to be extinct. The result is the most authoritative account yet of the status of Australia's birds.
In this completely revised edition each account covers not only the 2010 status but provides a retrospective assessment of the status in 1990 and 2000 based on current knowledge, taxonomic revisions and changes to the IUCN criteria, and then reasons why the status of some taxa has changed over the last two decades. Maps have been created specifically for the Action Plan based on vetted data drawn from the records of Birds Australia, its members and its partners in many government departments.
This is not a book of lost causes. It is a call for action to keep the extraordinary biodiversity we have inherited and pass the legacy to our children.
2012 Whitley Award Commendation for Zoological Resource.
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Sánchez, Carlos Alberto. The University Debate Between Antonio Caso and Vicente Lombardo Toledano (1933). Translated by Robert Eli Sanchez. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190601294.003.0007.
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The debate between Antonio Caso and Vicente Lombardo Toledano was political, philosophical, and public. To decide whether to reform public education, particularly undergraduate education, Caso and Lombardo Toledano argued over whether “[t]he courses that constitute the study plan for the Bachelor degree will obey the principle of essential identity in regards to the different phenomena of the Universe and will culminate with the teaching of philosophy based on nature.” Caso argued that despite violating the autonomy of the University and academic freedom, protected under the Constitution, the education reform proposed by the Second Commission was based on a false philosophical thesis: historical materialism. Since Caso and Lombardo Toledano agree that University is defined as a “cultural community,” much of the debate is focused on the nature of community, culture, history, and ethics.
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Garnett, Stephen, and Donald Franklin, eds. Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Australian Birds. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108035.
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This is the first climate change adaptation plan produced for a national faunal group anywhere in the world. It outlines the nature of threats related to climate change for the Australian bird taxa most likely to be affected by climate change, and provides recommendations on what might be done to assist them and approximate costs of doing so. It also features an analysis of how climate change will affect all Australian birds, explains why some species are likely to be more exposed or sensitive to it than others, and explores the theory and practice of conservation management under the realities of a changing climate.
Species profiles include maps showing current core habitat and modelled climatic suitability based on historical records, as well as maps showing projected climatic suitability in 2085 in relation to current core habitat.
Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Australian Birds is an important reference for policy makers, conservation scientists, land managers, climate change adaptation biologists, as well as bird watchers and advocacy groups.
2014 Whitley Award Commendation for Zoological Management and Conservation Resource.
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Arruzza, Cinzia. Clever Villains. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678852.003.0007.
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This chapter addresses the role of the tyrannical man’s rational part. Based on the discussion in Book VI of the Republic concerning the danger for the city represented by corrupted philosophical natures and other passages (such as the reference to the role of intelligence in vicious people, at 519a1–b5), this chapter explores the hypothesis that the tyrant may be endowed with strong intellectual capabilities. Seen in this light, the tyrant may be an example of reason’s complete moral perversion and his intellectual capabilities may play an important and negative role. The chapter further explores the nature of the madness attributed to the tyrant and its connection to bad beliefs concerning the good, of which Thrasymachus’ and Glaucon’s defense of injustice and tyranny are exemplary.
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Zachar, Peter, and Robert F. Krueger. Personality Disorder and Validity. Edited by K. W. M. Fulford, Martin Davies, Richard G. T. Gipps, George Graham, John Z. Sadler, Giovanni Stanghellini, and Tim Thornton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0052.
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This chapter describes the introduction of the concept of personality in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as a secularization and medicalization of the notion of character. This secularization served as the key prelude to the initiation of the scientific study of personality traits. It also examines the origins of the concept of personality disorder in psychiatry's rejection of the disease-based concept of the degenerate, morbid personality. After setting the historical stage, the chapter explores three validity-related issues. The first is a question about what role values should play in the conceptualization of personality disorders. It is argued that that recent empirical research has shown that the evaluative issues that were historically associated with the concept of character have not been (and maybe cannot be) eliminated from the modern notion of personality. The second is a question about the nature of psychopathology in personality disorders. It is argued that, while developing an empirically based capacity-failure model is an important goal, currently multiple models are needed to justify the pathological nature of personality disorders. The third question is about the extent to which personality traits can be considered causal entities in the head that "carve nature at the joints." Characterizing the received view in contemporary trait theory as scientific realism, it is argued that in some cases, the arguments for realism about traits can be empirically refuted, or at least cast into doubt. The conclusion is that the relative merits of a more empiricist instrumental view and scientific realism have not been sorted out.
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Woinarski, John, Andrew Burbidge, and Peter Harrison. Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643108745.
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The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012 is the first review to assess the conservation status of all Australian mammals. It complements The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2010 (Garnett et al. 2011, CSIRO Publishing), and although the number of Australian mammal taxa is marginally fewer than for birds, the proportion of endemic, extinct and threatened mammal taxa is far greater. These authoritative reviews represent an important foundation for understanding the current status, fate and future of the nature of Australia.
This book considers all species and subspecies of Australian mammals, including those of external territories and territorial seas. For all the mammal taxa (about 300 species and subspecies) considered Extinct, Threatened, Near Threatened or Data Deficient, the size and trend of their population is presented along with information on geographic range and trend, and relevant biological and ecological data. The book also presents the current conservation status of each taxon under Australian legislation, what additional information is needed for managers, and the required management actions. Recovery plans, where they exist, are evaluated.
The voluntary participation of more than 200 mammal experts has ensured that the conservation status and information are as accurate as possible, and allowed considerable unpublished data to be included. All accounts include maps based on the latest data from Australian state and territory agencies, from published scientific literature and other sources.
The Action Plan concludes that 29 Australian mammal species have become extinct and 63 species are threatened and require urgent conservation action. However, it also shows that, where guided by sound knowledge, management capability and resourcing, and longer-term commitment, there have been some notable conservation success stories, and the conservation status of some species has greatly improved over the past few decades.
The Action Plan for Australian Mammals 2012 makes a major contribution to the conservation of a wonderful legacy that is a significant part of Australia’s heritage. For such a legacy to endure, our society must be more aware of and empathetic with our distinctively Australian environment, and particularly its marvellous mammal fauna; relevant information must be readily accessible; environmental policy and law must be based on sound evidence; those with responsibility for environmental management must be aware of what priority actions they should take; the urgency for action (and consequences of inaction) must be clear; and the opportunity for hope and success must be recognised. It is in this spirit that this account is offered.
Winner of a 2015 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Zoological Resource.
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Altman, Scott. Parental Control Rights. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786429.003.0011.
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Parents typically direct many aspects of their children’s lives and often believe that they deserve protection from interference by governments and third parties. Justifications for such parental control rights sometimes rely on the interests of children or of society. But they can also rely directly on parental interests. This paper considers whether parental control rights can be justified based on parental interests. It first considers two parental interests sometimes put forward as warranting parental control rights: an interest in intimacy and an interest in acting as a fiduciary. The first fails as a justification for parental rights because intimacy is unlikely to be undermined by most intrusions. The second fails because it misunderstands the nature of fiduciary roles. The paper then considers an alternative parental interest in nurturing, counselling, and educating. This interest requires both authenticity and discretion to play a meaningful role in a parent’s life and facilitating this interest warrants protecting parental control rights.
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Kopytowska, Monika. The Televisualization of Ritual. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0017.
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This chapter demonstrates how contemporary ‘media culture’ has altered the way we experience and communicate religion and explains the role which language and other semiotic resources play in mediating religious experience and transforming the notion of sacred space, sacred time and a sense of communion based on collective emotion. The underlying assumption is that media together with religious institutions proximize the spiritual reality to believers and create a community of the faithful by reducing various dimensions of distance and providing the audience with a sense of participation and interaction. The chapter focuses on mediated rituals and demonstrates how both TV and radio, with their semiotic properties enabling liveness and immediacy, blur time-space boundaries, change the nature of individual and collective experience, and enhance the emotional and axiological potential of religious messages. It discusses the role of metaphor and metonymy as well as other cognitive operations within discourse space (involving both verbal and visual strategies) in these processes.
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Bulut, Ergin. A Precarious Game. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501746529.001.0001.
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This book is an ethnographic examination of video game production. The developers that were researched for almost three years in a medium-sized studio in the United States loved making video games that millions play. Only some, however, can enjoy this dream job, which can be precarious and alienating for many others. That is, the passion of a predominantly white-male labor force relies on material inequalities involving the sacrificial labor of their families, unacknowledged work of precarious testers, and thousands of racialized and gendered workers in the Global South. The book explores the politics of doing what one loves. In the context of work, passion and love imply freedom, participation, and choice, but in fact they accelerate self-exploitation and can impose emotional toxicity on other workers by forcing them to work endless hours. The book argues that such ludic discourses in the game industry disguise the racialized and gendered inequalities on which a profitable transnational industry thrives. Within capitalism, work is not just an economic matter, and the political nature of employment and love can still be undemocratic even when based on mutual consent. As the book demonstrates, rather than considering work simply as a matter of economics based on trade-offs in the workplace, we should consider the question of work and love as one of democracy rooted in politics.
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Silva, Heloísa Helena Corrêa da, Carolina Cassia Batista Santos, Josiara Reis Pereira, Jefferson William Pereira, and Lucilene Ferreira de Melo. Plano de biossegurança do Departamento de Serviço Social da Universidade Federal do Amazonas – UFAM. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-309-1.
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It deals with the Biosafety Plan of the Department of Social Work - DSS of the Institute of Philosophy, Humanities and Social Sciences - IFCHS of the Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, prepared by the Planning Commission of the Department of Social Work to the Biosafety Plan's Institute of Philosophy, Human and Social Sciences, instituted by Ordinance nº 5, of June 23, 2020, of the DSS. The presented Biosafety Plan provides guidance on measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 which apply to all workplaces and all people in the workplace and which include measures to prevent hygiene and social distance. It aims to preserve lives, aiming to reconcile the return of the presential and remote activities of the DSS / IFCHS, based on surveillance and monitoring, corroborating with the prevention of the spread of the new Coronavirus or Covid-19. Biosafety is understood here as the set of actions aimed at preventing, minimizing or eliminating risks inherent in administrative, teaching, research, extension, innovation, technological development and service provision activities, aiming at the health of human beings, animals , the preservation of the environment and the quality of the results. The plan seeks to cover the various peculiarities of university life, presents guidelines and instructions for the operation and development of classroom activities and distance from professors, administrative staff and students, in the IFCHS space, and, consequently, in the UFAM space. This Plan considers the different approaches for the different sectors of the University, when considering the public service surrounding the department and the institute mentioned and the nature of the activities developed in each sector, in the same way that the “University Biosafety Plan” considers. Federal do Amazonas against the disease pandemic by SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) ”, approved at the University Council Meeting on July 14, 2020 (Resolution 003/2020 - CONSUNI).
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Turk, Alice, and Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel. Speech Timing. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795421.001.0001.
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This is a book about the architecture of the speech-production planning process and speech motor control. It is written in reaction to a debate in the literature about the nature of phonological representations, which are proposed to be spatiotemporal by some, and symbolic (atemporal) by others. Making this choice about the nature of phonological representation has several fundamental implications for the architecture of the speech-production planning system, notably with regard to the number of planning components and the type of timing mechanisms. In systems with symbolic phonological representations, a separate phonetic planning component is required for speakers to plan the details of surface timing and spatial characteristics for each context. In contrast, the Articulatory Phonology system, which proposes spatiotemporal phonological representations, has a very different architecture, with fewer components. These contrasting assumptions about the spatiotemporal vs. symbolic nature of phonological representations have important consequences for how these two approaches deal with timing issues. This is because time is intrinsic to phonological representations in Articulatory Phonology, but is not part of symbolic phonology. These two proposals are evaluated in light of existing literature on speech and non-speech timing behavior. Evidence that challenges the Articulatory Phonology model inspired a sketch of a new model of the production process, based on symbolic phonological representations and a separate phonetic planning component to specify surface-timing details. This approach provides an appropriate account of what is known about motor timing in general and speech timing in particular. Keywords
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Thomas, Pradip Ninan. The Politics of Digital India. Edited by Adrian Athique, Vibodh Parthasarathi, and S. V. Srinivas. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199494620.001.0001.
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Transforming India into a digital state has been an objective of successive governments in India. However, the digital, by its very nature, is a capricious, multi-dimensional entity. Its operationalization across multiple sectors in India has highlighted the fact that the digital compact with publics in India is a two-edged sword. On the one hand, devices such as mobile phones have enabled access and efficiencies, and on the other, they have increased the scope for surveillance capitalism and the expansion of governmentality. The digital is at the same time a resource, commodity, and process that is absolutely fundamental to most if not all productive forces across multiple sectors. As a part of the Media Dynamics in South Asia series, this volume explores the making of digital India and specifically deals with the contradictions of an imperfect democracy, internal compulsions, and external pressures that continue to play crucial roles in the shaping of the same. Mindful of the key roles played by political economy and context and based on conversations with theory and practice, it makes a case for critical understanding of the digital embrace in India.
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Arruzza, Cinzia. The Lion and the Wolf. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678852.003.0006.
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This chapter is divided into two main parts. The first offers a discussion of the nature of spirit, dealing with the current range of interpretive options, and arguing for a definition of spirit as a drive to self-assertion. The second is based on exegesis of the beginning of book IX and of the only reference to spirit included therein. The thesis is that a hardened and corrupt spirit plays a significant role in the tyrant’s psyche, because the latter’s condition is determined in part by the spirited part’s lawlessness as inflamed by the appetitive part. The two parts are bridged by a section concerning the animal metaphors related to spirit in the dialogue: this section interprets each animal as corresponding to a different state of spirit, and argues that the wolf—the animal associated with the tyrant in the dialogue—is the animal metaphor for the tyrant’s corrupt spirit.
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Kord, Susanne. 12 Monkeys. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781999334000.001.0001.
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Terry Gilliam's 12 Monkeys (1995) was a commercial and critical success, but it is Gilliam's least understood film, even on the basic plot level. Aside from recognizable debts to specific films such as La Jetée (1962) and Dr. Strangelove (1964), 12 Monkeys plays with a number of genres: apocalypse and post-apocalypse movies, sci-fi, nuclear noir, and what is becoming known as “geek dystopia.” This book examines Gilliam's film — and briefly the TV series based on it — in the context of post-apocalypse movies and with an eye to the film's major themes, including mental illness, conspiracy theories, the impossibility of human closeness, and the nature of reality. It is the first to read 12 Monkeys' portrayal of time travel in light of Einstein's ideas about time and to ask what answers these ideas suggest to the film's most basic philosophical predicament: the problem of free will versus determinism.
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Pardue, Derek. Spatial Politics of Kriolu Presence in Lisbon. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039676.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the politics of space of Kriolu presence in Lisbon by focusing on the demolition and relocation campaigns engineered by city urbanization agencies. Space is an irreducible dimension of presence. Kriolu presence refers to the various manifestations of Cape Verde and Cape Verdeans in the metropole. Ths formation is one signifcant influence in the sentiment and management of what it means to be Portuguese and, by extension, European. Cape Verdean presence is historical and linguistic in nature, and forms part of a grounded politics, a struggle for recognition and enfranchisement based in the everyday realities of improvised infrastructure, state campaigns of relocation, and dynamic views on belonging. This chapter argues that there is a “Creole citizenship” emerging in Lisbon and that Kriolu plays an important role in elucidating the differences between autoconstructed neighborhoods and social or state-sponsored project housing. It emphasizes the significance of migration and housing by focusing on the processes of displacement and “emplacement.”
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Poguntke, Thomas, Susan E. Scarrow, and Paul D. Webb. Political Party Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.227.
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How political parties organize directly affects who is represented and which policies are prioritized. Political parties structure political choice, which is one of the main functions generally ascribed to them. Their roles as gatekeepers for policies and political careers are closely linked to their nature as membership-based organizations, and to the extent to which they empower members to directly or indirectly influence these crucial choices. Parties also play a crucial role as campaign organizations, whose organizational strength influences their electoral success. The literature often summarizes differences in how parties organize and campaign by identifying major party types, which can be regarded as “classic models” of party organization. Yet, actual parties must adapt to changing environments or risk being supplanted by newer parties or by other political actors. For instance, in recent years one popular adaptation has involved parties opening their decision-making processes by introducing party-wide ballots to settle important questions. Changes like these alter how parties act as intermediaries in representation and political participation. Thanks to the increasing availability of comparable data on party organizations in established and new democracies, and in parliamentary and presidential systems, today’s scholars are better equipped to study the origins and impacts of parties’ organizational differences.
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Booth, Marilyn. The Career and Communities of Zaynab Fawwaz. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846198.001.0001.
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An intellectual biography of early Arabic feminist Zaynab Fawwaz and a study of her life in Ottoman Syria and Egypt, in the context of debates on gender, modernity and the good society, 1890s-1910. Chapters take up her writing and debates in which she participated, concerning social justice, girls’ education, marriage, divorce and polygyny, the question of ‘Nature’ and Darwinist notions of male/female, and intersections of nationalism, anti-imperialism, and feminism. Fawwaz also wrote two novels and play, which are analysed in the context of fiction rewriting history, and on theatre as a reformist tool of public education in turn-of-the-century Egypt. The book also comprises a study of some important periodical venues for public debate in Egypt in this period, particularly the nationalist press and one early women’s journal, and it highlights the writings of lesser-studied journalists and other intellectuals, within the context of the Arab/ic Nahda or intellectual revival. It argues that Fawwaz’s feminism, based on an Islamic ethical worldview, was distinct from prevailing ‘modernist’ views in posing a non-essentialist, open-ended notion of gender that did not, for instance, highlight maternalist discourses. Fawwaz’s own background was Shi’i, an element that was quietly present in her work.
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Weaver, Bryan R., and Kevin Scharp. Semantics for Reasons. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832621.001.0001.
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The focus of the book is the semantics of reasons locutions, for example reasons for someone to do something or believe something or be a certain way. Given the leading role that talk of reasons plays in many different kinds of philosophy, the book addresses issues in the theory of reasons, metaethics, epistemology, the philosophies of language and perception, and linguistics. The primary aim of the book is to present and defend a contextualist semantics of reasons locutions. the book’s contextualism for reasons locutions is based on the idea that conversations have a particular question under discussion (QUD). The QUD in a conversation determines which meaning the word ‘reason’ has in that context. The book shows why reasons contextualism is preferable to four competing views on the topic: Simon Blackburn’s expressivism, Stephen Finlay’s conceptual analysis, Tim Henning’s alternative contextualism, and Niko Kolodny’s relativism. In addition, the work pursues secondary aims of consolidating insights about the nature of reasons from different philosophical subfields and establishing results about reasons in several debates ranging across philosophy. In particular, the book draws the implications of reasons contextualism for the ontology of reasons, indexical facts, whether there are reasons to be rational, the nature of moral reasons, and the idea that reasons have a special place in the realm of normative phenomena in general.
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Panigrahi, Muktikanta, and Arpan Kumar Nayak. Polyaniline based Composite for Gas Sensors. IOR PRESS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ioriip212.
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In this research work, we have demonstrated the synthesis, spectroscopic characteristics, thermal behaviour and DC conductivity of a few nanostructured composites, substituted conducting polymers (ICPs) and composites of ICPs. The physical properties of aforementioned composites are significantly changed by the doping with HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, or acrylic acid. The charge transport properties of these polymeric materials have been studied in detail because of their potential application in gas sensors. In the current work, varieties of conducting polymer based materials such as PANI-ES/Cloisite 20A nanostructured composite, acrylic acid (AA) doped PANI polymer, N-substituted conducting polyaniline polymer, DL−PLA/PANI-ES composites, poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) based polyaniline composite, and inorganic acid doped polyaniline are sucessfuly synthesized using aniline/aniline hydrochloride as precursors in acidic medium. Particularly, AA based synthesised PANI polymer was found with higher solubility The spectroscopic, thermal stability, enthalpy of fusion, room temperature DC conductivity and temperature dependent DC conductivity measurements with and without magnetic was carried out with as-synthesized materials. The FTR/ATR−FTIR spectra indicated the presence of different functional groups in the as-prepared composite materials. The UV−Visible absorption spectroscopic analysis showed the presence of polaron band suggesting PANI-ES form. The Room temperature DC conductivity, temperature variation DC conductivity (in presence and absence of magnetic field), and magnetoresistance (MR) of as-prepared conducting polyaniline based were analysed. The highest room temperature DC conductivity value was obtained from H2SO4 doped based composite materials and all prepared conductive composites were followed ohms law. The low temperature DC conductivity was carried out in order to study the semiconducting nature of prepared materials. The Mott type VRH model was found to be well fitted the conductivity data and described the density of states at the Fermi level which is constant in this temperature range. From MR plots, a negative MR was observed, which described the quantum interference effect on hopping conduction. We discuss different gas analytes i.e., NO2, LPG, H2, NH3, CH4, and CO of conducting polymer based materials.
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Klein, Julie Thompson. Beyond Interdisciplinarity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571149.001.0001.
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Beyond Interdisciplinarity examines the broadening meaning, heterogeneity, and boundary work of interdisciplinarity. It includes both crossdisciplinary work (encompassing multi-, inter-, and trans-disciplinary forms) as well as cross-sector work (spanning disciplines, fields, professions, government and industry, and communities in the North and South). Part I defines boundary work, discourses of interdisciplinarity, and the nature of interdisciplinary fields and interdisciplines. Part II examines dynamics of working across boundaries, including communicating, collaborating, and learning in research projects and programs, with a closing chapter on failing and succeeding along with gateways to literature and other resources. The conceptual framework is based on an ecology of spatializing practices in transaction spaces, including trading zones and communities of practice. Boundary objects, boundary agents, and boundary organizations play a vital role in brokering differences for platforming change in contexts ranging from small projects to new fields to international initiatives. Translation, interlanguage, and a communication boundary space are vital to achieving intersubjectivity and collective identity, fostering not only pragmatics of negotiation and integration but also reflexivity, transactivity, and co-production of knowledge with stakeholders beyond the academy. Rhetorics of holism and synthesis compete with instrumentalities of problem solving and innovation as well as transgressive critique. Yet typical warrants today include complexity, contextualization, collaboration, and socially robust knowledge. The book also emphasizes the roles of contextualization and historical change while accounting for the shifting relationship of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity, the ascendancy of transdisciplinarity, and intersections with other constructs, including Mode 2 knowledge production, convergence, team science, and postdisciplinarity.
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MacDonald, Raymond A. R., and Graeme B. Wilson. The Art of Becoming. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190840914.001.0001.
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With a focus on music, this book outlines what improvisation is and why it is an important creative and social activity. Drawing on the emerging psychological literature in this area, as well as evidence from authors’ research with musicians, this text outlines innovative ideas on what defines improvisation and the psychological, creative, and social processes involved. It explores the role of specialist skills, the importance of musical identities and the nature of understanding in improvised interaction and between improvisers. It discusses how we develop as improvisers and the role of improvisation within therapeutic applications of music. Each chapter proceeds from discussion of an illustrative instance of musical improvisation. Providing fresh and provocative insights for anyone interested in playing, studying, teaching, or listening to improvised music, the authors offer suggestions for approaching this practice in new ways at any level, and identify potential developments in cross-disciplinary improvising. Asserting that everyone can and should improvise, the book provides a resource for courses teaching improvisation in contemporary practice, and has strong relevance for those applying musical improvisation in community and therapeutic contexts. The book deals with such questions as: What constitutes improvisation? Do all forms of improvisation represent the same thing? Faced with myriad possibilities, how do improvisers decide what to play? How does an improviser in a group know what the others will do? How might improvisation influence our well-being? In response to such questions, a definition of improvisation based on its unique behavioural features is set out as an exciting context for psychological investigation.
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Ghiselli, Andrea. Protecting China's Interests Overseas. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867395.001.0001.
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Many countries in history have faced the problem of how to defend their interests overseas. China is not different. China’s Interest Frontiers: The Making of an International Strategy sheds light on the tortuous securitization process that pushed the Chinese foreign and security policy machine to evolve in order deal to the new threats to Chinese assets and nationals in the Middle East and North Africa. Based on a vast number of Chinese language sources, the analysis presented in the book finds that crises, especially the evacuation from Libya in 2011, deeply influenced how Chinese civilian and military elite think about the protection of the country’s interests overseas. Consistent with this development, the emphasis on ensuring that the People’s Liberation Army can play a larger role, along with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has become a crucial issue for Chinese policymakers. Yet, the presence of many bureaucratic actors, each with its own priorities and interests, was a challenge for the creation and implementation of a clear strategy. In the aftermath of the Arab Spring, it seems that the situation has been improving slowly but steadily, although some changes will take more time than others to be completed. Vis-à-vis an extremely complex challenge, China’s cautiously incremental approach to the use of its military has, so far, spared it from strategic overstretching. Yet, the reactive nature of its strategy makes it vulnerable to shocks. This is especially true as Chinese public opinion has become increasingly interested in how the country’s overseas interests are protected.
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Hall, Tony. Life and Death of the Australian Backyard. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098176.
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A substantial backyard has long been considered an iconic feature of the Australian suburb. Nevertheless, during the 1990s, a dramatic change occurred: substantial backyards largely disappeared from new suburban houses in Australia.
Whatever the size of lot, the dwelling now covers most of its developable area. Although the planning system does not actually promote this change, it does little to prevent it. It appears to be a physical expression of the way that Australian lifestyles are changing for the worse, in particular longer working hours. This in turn raises issues about health and wellbeing, especially for children.
Vegetation surrounding the dwelling plays an important role in microclimate, storm drainage and biodiversity, irrespective of whether the residents use their backyard. Its loss has serious ecological implications, a deficit rendered permanent by the changes to the housing stock.
The Life and Death of the Australian Backyard is based on a detailed quantitative study of this increasing, but previously unstudied, problem. It discusses the nature, uses and meaning of the traditional backyard, presents an understanding of the changes that have been happening and suggests possible remedies. All professionals working in the landscape and development industries, local government, consultancies and in universities should read this unique study of an issue of increasing significance to urban sustainability.
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Gasser-Wingate, Marc. Aristotle's Empiricism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197567456.001.0001.
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Aristotle is famous for thinking that all our knowledge comes from perception. But it’s not immediately clear what this view is meant to entail. For it’s not clear what perception is supposed to contribute to the more advanced forms of knowledge that derive from it, or indeed how we should understand the nature of its contribution—what it might mean to say that these more advanced forms of knowledge are “derived from” or “based on” what we perceive. Aristotle is often thought to have disappointingly little to say on these matters. I argue here that this thought is mistaken: a coherent and philosophically attractive view of perceptual knowledge can be found in the various texts in which Aristotle discusses perception’s role in animal life, the cognitive resources on which it does and does not depend, and the relation it bears to practical and theoretical modes of understanding. What emerges from these discussions is a moderate form of empiricism—an empiricism on which we can develop sophisticated forms of knowledge by broadly perceptual means, but nonetheless rely on our intellectual powers for more advanced forms of understanding. I consider the role this empiricism plays in Aristotle’s account of our learning, and its implications for his views about practical wisdom and the cognitive lives of nonrational animals.
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Wangui, Edna. Adaptation to Current and Future Climate in Pastoral Communities Across Africa. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.604.
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Pastoralists around the world are exposed to climate change and increasing climate variability. Various downscaled regional climate models in Africa support community reports of rising temperatures as well as changes in the seasonality of rainfall and drought. In addition to climate, pastoralists have faced a second exposure to unsupportive policy environments. Dating back to the colonial period, a lack of knowledge about pastoralism and a systemic marginalization of pastoral communities influenced the size and nature of government investments in pastoral lands. National governments prioritized farming communities and failed to pay adequate attention to drylands and pastoral communities. The limited government interventions that occurred were often inconsistent with contemporary realities of pastoralism and pastoral communities. These included attempts at sedentarization and modernization, and in other ways changing the priorities and practices of pastoral communities.The survival of pastoral communities in Africa in the context of this double exposure has been a focus for scholars, development practitioners, as well as national governments in recent years. Scholars initially drew attention to pastoralists’ drought-coping strategies, and later examined the multiple ways in which pastoralists manage risk and exploit unpredictability. It has been learned that pastoralists are rational land managers whose experience with variable climate has equipped them with the skills needed for adaptation. Pastoralists follow several identifiable adaptation paths, including diversification and modification of their herds and herding strategies; adoption of livelihood activities that did not previously play a permanent role; and a conscious decision to train the next generation for nonpastoral livelihoods. Ongoing government interventions around climate change still prioritize cropping over herding. Sometimes, such nationally supported adaptation plans can undermine community-based adaptation practices, autonomously evolving within pastoral communities. Successful adaptation hinges on recognition of the value of autonomous adaptation and careful integration of such adaptation with national plans.
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McElroy, Michael B. Energy and Climate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190490331.001.0001.
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The climate of our planet is changing at a rate unprecedented in recent human history. The energy absorbed from the sun exceeds what is returned to space. The planet as a whole is gaining energy. The heat content of the ocean is increasing; the surface and atmosphere are warming; mid-latitude glaciers are melting; sea level is rising. The Arctic Ocean is losing its ice cover. None of these assertions are based on theory but on hard scientific fact. Given the science-heavy nature of climate change, debates and discussions have not played as big a role in the public sphere as they should, and instead are relegated to often misinformed political discussions and inaccessible scientific conferences. Michael B. McElroy, an eminent Harvard scholar of environmental studies, combines both his research chops and pedagogical expertise to present a book that will appeal to the lay reader but still be grounded in scientific fact. In Energy and Climate: Vision for the Future, McElroy provides a broad and comprehensive introduction to the issue of energy and climate change intended to be accessible for the general reader. The book includes chapters on energy basics, a discussion of the contemporary energy systems of the US and China, and two chapters that engage the debate regarding climate change. The perspective is global but with a specific focus on the US and China recognizing the critical role these countries must play in addressing the challenge of global climate change. The book concludes with a discussion of initiatives now underway to at least reduce the rate of increase of greenhouse gas emissions, together with a vision for a low carbon energy future that could in principle minimize the long-term impact of energy systems on global climate.
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Mercer, Jonathan. Psychology and Security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.282.
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Psychology plays a key role in the success of strategy and is therefore important to the study of international security. There are four general approaches to the psychology of strategy. The first focuses on personality, and more specifically on individual differences, cognition, and the use of evolutionary psychology and neuroscience to investigate human nature. The second approach draws on deterrence theory, which considers how an actor can keep a target from doing something it would otherwise do. A political psychological perspective on deterrence consists of three elements. First, psychological approaches to deterrence reject stimulus–response models and instead lay emphasis on understanding cognition and emotion. Second, deterrence is a policy rather than a philosophy. Third, whereas normative theories explain how one ought to behave (and thus cannot be disconfirmed by evidence), psychological theories change in response to new evidence, such as with the development of prospect theory. The third aspect of strategic interaction involves learning and intelligence assessments. Based on this approach, how people learn, what they are likely to learn, and the problems of assessing the intentions and capabilities of others are central to strategy. The fourth and final approach is concerned with the strategy of group conflict, which has generated two waves of research: the first analyzed how material inequality or competition for resources gives rise to psychological forces that result in group cooperation and between-group competition, and the second added nonmaterial causes to explain group relations.
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Rayner, Mike, Kremlin Wickramasinghe, Julianne Williams, Karen McColl, and Shanthi Mendis, eds. An Introduction to Population-level Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791188.001.0001.
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This book is based on the content covered during the non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention short course at the University of Oxford. It provides theoretical background and ‘real life case studies’ helping readers to apply the learnings to their day-to-day work. It covers case studies from both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. This book is structured around the four stages of the policy cycle: (1) problem definition; (2) solution generation; (3) resource mobilization and implementation; and (4) evaluation. Chapters 2–7 focus on problem definition, which involves understanding the burden of NCDs, its risk factors, the sociopolitical landscape, the role of advocacy, and screening and surveillance. Chapters 8–10 are about solution generation, which involves examining the evidence for potential costs and benefits of interventions, while also considering contextual factors, including the ethical and political dimensions of different solutions. Chapters 11–13 are on implementation and the mobilization of resources, both the money needed for material aspects of the interventions and the people required to plan for and carry out the interventions. Chapter 14 is about evaluation and monitoring, which may be designed to assess whether interventions met their aims and objectives. Given the cyclical nature of the policy cycle, the final chapter is about returning to the various stages. NCD prevention does not always follow the stages of the policy cycle in a strict sequence and often, NCD interventions will need revisiting in light of the experiences and lessons learned from earlier stages.
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Ruokanen, Miikka. Trinitarian Grace in Martin Luther's The Bondage of the Will. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895837.001.0001.
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Professor Miikka Ruokanen reveals the powerfully Trinitarian and participatory nature of Martin Luther’s conception of divine grace in his magnum opus The Bondage of the Will, largely ignored in the previous research. The study establishes a genuinely new understanding of Luther’s major treatise opening up its ecumenical potential. Luther’s debate with Erasmus signifies not only a disagreement concerning free will, but the dispute reveals two contrasting understandings of the very core idea of the Christian faith. For Erasmus, the relationship of the human being with God is based on the rationally and morally acceptable principles of fair play. For Luther, the human being is captivated by the overwhelming power of unfaith and transcendental evil, Satan; only the monergistic grace of the Triune God and the power of the Holy Spirit can liberate him/her. Ruokanen verifies the Trinitarian vision of salvation “by grace alone” as the center of Luther’s theology. This doctrine has three dimensions: (1) The conversion of the sinner and the birth of faith in Christ are effected by prevenient divine grace; justification “through faith alone,” is the sole work of God’s Spirit, comparable to creation ex nihilo. (2) Participation in the person, life, and divine properties of Christ, as well as participation in his salvific work, his cross, and resurrection, are possible solely because of the presence of the Holy Spirit in the believer. Justification means simultaneously the forensic declaration of the guilty non-guilty on the basis of the atonement by Jesus’ cross, as well as a union with Christ in the Holy Spirit. (3) Sanctification means the gradual growth of love for God and neighbor enabled by the believer’s participation in divine love in the Holy Spirit. Ruokanen’s work offers a crucial modification and advance to the world-renowned Finnish school of Luther interpretation: Luther’s classic use of Pneumatological language avoids the problems caused by using an ontological language.
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Kulak, Dariusz. Wieloaspektowa metoda oceny stanu gleb leśnych po przeprowadzeniu procesów pozyskania drewna. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-28-1.
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Presented reasearch aimed to develop and analyse the suitability of the CART models for prediction of the extent and probability of occurrence of damage to outer soil layers caused by timber harvesting performed under varied conditions. Having employed these models, the author identified certain methods of logging works and conditions, under which they should be performed to minimise the risk of damaging forest soils. The analyses presented in this work covered the condition of soils upon completion of logging works, which was investigated in 48 stands located in central and south-eastern Poland. In the stands selected for these studies a few felling treatments were carried out, including early thinning, late thinning and final felling. Logging works were performed with use of the most popular technologies in Poland. Trees were cut down with chainsaws and timber was extracted by means of various skidding methods: with horses, semi-suspended skidding with the use of cable yarding systems, farm tractors equipped with cable winches or tractors of a skidder type, and forwarding employing farm tractors with trailers loaded mechanically by cranes or manually. The analyses also included mechanised forest operation with the use of a harvester and a forwarder. The information about the extent of damage to soil, in a form of wheel-ruts and furrows, gathered in the course of soil condition inventory served for construction of regression tree models using the CART method (Classification and Regression Trees), based on which the area, depth and the volume of soil damage under analysis, wheel-ruts and furrows, were determined, and the total degree of all soil disturbances was assessed. The CART classification trees were used for modelling the probability of occurrence of wheel-ruts and furrows, or any other type of soil damage. Qualitative independent variables assumed by the author for developing the models included several characteristics describing the conditions under which the logging works were performed, mensuration data of the stands and the treatments conducted there. These characteristics covered in particular: the season of the year when logging works were performed, the system of timber harvesting employed, the manner of timber skidding, the means engaged in the process of timber harvesting and skidding, habitat type, crown closure, and cutting category. Moreover, the author took into consideration an impact of the quantitative independent variables on the extent and probability of occurrence of soil disturbance. These variables included the following: the measuring row number specifying a distance between the particular soil damage and communication tracks, the age of a stand, the soil moisture content, the intensity of a particular cutting treatment expressed by units of harvested timber volume per one hectare of the stand, and the mean angle of terrain inclination. The CART models developed in these studies not only allowed the author to identify the conditions, under which the soil damage of a given degree is most likely to emerge, or determine the probability of its occurrence, but also, thanks to a graphical presentation of the nature and strength of relationships between the variables employed in the model construction, they facilitated a recognition of rules and relationships between these variables and the area, depth, volume and probability of occurrence of forest soil damage of a particular type. Moreover, the CART trees served for developing the so-called decision-making rules, which are especially useful in organising logging works. These rules allow the organisers of timber harvest to plan the management-related actions and operations with the use of available technical means and under conditions enabling their execution in such manner as to minimise the harm to forest soils. Furthermore, employing the CART trees for modelling soil disturbance made it possible to evaluate particular independent variables in terms of their impact on the values of dependent variables describing the recorded disturbance to outer soil layers. Thanks to this the author was able to identify, amongst the variables used in modelling the properties of soil damage, these particular ones that had the greatest impact on values of these properties, and determine the strength of this impact. Detailed results depended on the form of soil disturbance and the particular characteristics subject to analysis, however the variables with the strongest influence on the extent and probability of occurrence of soil damage, under the conditions encountered in the investigated stands, enclosed the following: the season of the year when logging works were performed, the volume-based cutting intensity of the felling treatments conducted, technical means used for completion of logging works, the soil moisture content during timber harvest, the manner of timber skidding, dragged, semi-suspended or forwarding, and finally a distance between the soil damage and transportation ducts. The CART models proved to be very useful in designing timber harvesting technologies that could minimise the risk of forest soil damage in terms of both, the extent of factual disturbance and the probability of its occurrence. Another valuable advantage of this kind of modelling is an opportunity to evaluate an impact of particular variables on the extent and probability of occurrence of damage to outer soil layers. This allows the investigator to identify, amongst all of the variables describing timber harvesting processes, those crucial ones, from which any optimisation process should start, in order to minimise the negative impact of forest management practices on soil condition.