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Toews, Barb, Amy Wagenfeld, and Julie Stevens. "Impact of a nature-based intervention on incarcerated women." International Journal of Prisoner Health 14, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2017-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of a short-term nature-based intervention on the social-emotional well-being of women incarcerated on a mental health unit in a state prison. Design/methodology/approach This research used a mixed method approach with individual interviews, a focus group and a visual analog scale (VAS). Findings Qualitative results found that women appreciated the planting party and the way the plants improved the physical environment. Women were also emotionally and relationally impacted by their participation and practiced skills related to planting and working with people. Quantitative results indicate that women were happier, calmer, and more peaceful after the intervention than before. Research limitations/implications Study limitations include sample size, self-report data and use of a scale not yet tested for reliability and validity. Practical implications Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve as an adjunct to traditional mental health therapies in correctional settings. Nature-based interventions can support women’s goals to improve their mental health. Social implications Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve to improve relationships among incarcerated women, which may make a positive impact on the prison community. Such interventions may also assist them in developing relational and technical skills that are useful upon release. Originality/value To date, there is limited knowledge about the impact of nature-based interventions on incarcerated individuals coping with mental health concerns.
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Bloomfield, Dan. "What makes nature-based interventions for mental health successful?" BJPsych. International 14, no. 4 (November 2017): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000002063.
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Nature-based interventions for mental health are beginning to become more common in the UK. The evidence for their usefulness is building. Taking the ‘A Dose of Nature’ project in the south-west as an example, factors for making such interventions a success are described.
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Djernis, Lerstrup, Poulsen, Stigsdotter, Dahlgaard, and O’Toole. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nature-Based Mindfulness: Effects of Moving Mindfulness Training into an Outdoor Natural Setting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (September 2, 2019): 3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173202.
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Research has proven that both mindfulness training and exposure to nature have positive health effects. The purpose of this study was to systematically review quantitative studies of mindfulness interventions conducted in nature (nature-based mindfulness), and to analyze the effects through meta-analyses. Electronic searches revealed a total of 25 studies to be included, examining 2990 participants. Three analyses were conducted: Nature-based mindfulness interventions evaluated as open trials (k = 13), nature-based mindfulness compared with groups in non-active control conditions (k = 5), and nature-based mindfulness compared with similar interventions but without contact with nature (k = 7). The overall combined psychological, physiological, and interpersonal effects from pre- to post-intervention were statistically significant and of medium size (g = 0.54, p < 0.001). Moderation analyses showed that natural environments characterized as forests/wild nature obtained larger numerical effects than environments characterized as gardens/parks, as did informal mindfulness compared with formal mindfulness. The small number of studies included, as well as the heterogeneity and generally low quality of the studies, must be taken into consideration when the results are interpreted. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017065639.
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Moeller, Chris, Nigel King, Viv Burr, Graham R. Gibbs, and Tim Gomersall. "Nature-based interventions in institutional and organisational settings: a scoping review." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 28, no. 3 (April 26, 2018): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2018.1468425.
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Jones, Reo, Robin Tarter, and Amy Miner Ross. "Greenspace Interventions, Stress and Cortisol: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062802.
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Background: Engaging with nature can profoundly impact psychological and physiological health of persons across the lifespan. Greenspace interventions (GSI) encompass a broad range of strategic, nature-based activities for overall health and wellbeing. Within the past 20 years there has been a growing interest in the access to and management of greenspace to mediate the deleterious impact of acute and chronic stress, particularly, physiologic biomarkers of stress such as cortisol. Objective: This review aims to describe the impact of greenspace interventions on cortisol, to present the current state of the science on GSIs as they impact cortisol, and to uncover any limitations of current research strategies to best inform future research. Methods: A scoping methodology was conducted to systematically study this emerging field and inform future research by mapping the literature based on the GSI category, interventional design, cortisol metrics, and subsequent analysis of cortisol. Conclusion: Considerable heterogeneity in research design, aim(s), interventional strategy, and cortisol metrics were identified from a total of 18 studies on GSIs and cortisol outcomes. While studies demonstrated a potential for the positive association between GSIs and stress relief, more rigorous research is needed to represent GSIs as an intervention to mitigate risks of stress.
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van Noordwijk, Meine, Vincent Gitz, Peter A. Minang, Sonya Dewi, Beria Leimona, Lalisa Duguma, Nathanaël Pingault, and Alexandre Meybeck. "People-Centric Nature-Based Land Restoration through Agroforestry: A Typology." Land 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080251.
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Restoration depends on purpose and context. At the core it entails innovation to halt ongoing and reverse past degradation. It aims for increased functionality, not necessarily recovering past system states. Location-specific interventions in social-ecological systems reducing proximate pressures, need to synergize with transforming generic drivers of unsustainable land use. After reviewing pantropical international research on forests, trees, and agroforestry, we developed an options-by-context typology. Four intensities of land restoration interact: R.I. Ecological intensification within a land use system, R.II. Recovery/regeneration, within a local social-ecological system, R.III. Reparation/recuperation, requiring a national policy context, R.IV. Remediation, requiring international support and investment. Relevant interventions start from core values of human identity while addressing five potential bottlenecks: Rights, Know-how, Markets (inputs, outputs, credit), Local Ecosystem Services (including water, agrobiodiversity, micro/mesoclimate) and Teleconnections (global climate change, biodiversity). Six stages of forest transition (from closed old-growth forest to open-field agriculture and re-treed (peri)urban landscapes) can contextualize interventions, with six special places: water towers, riparian zone and wetlands, peat landscapes, small islands and mangroves, transport infrastructure, and mining scars. The typology can help to link knowledge with action in people-centric restoration in which external stakeholders coinvest, reflecting shared responsibility for historical degradation and benefits from environmental stewardship.
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Maund, Irvine, Reeves, Strong, Cromie, Dallimer, and Davies. "Wetlands for Wellbeing: Piloting a Nature-Based Health Intervention for the Management of Anxiety and Depression." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 4413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224413.
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Nature-based health interventions (NBIs) for the treatment of poor mental health are becoming increasingly common, yet evidence to support their effectiveness is lacking. We conduct a pilot study of a six-week intervention, aiming to engage individuals with wetland nature for the treatment of anxiety and/or depression. We employed a mixed methods design, using questionnaires, focus groups and semi-structured interviews to evaluate the intervention from the perspective of participants (n = 16) and healthcare professionals (n = 2). Results demonstrate significant improvements in mental health across a range of indicators, including mental wellbeing (Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7), stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and emotional wellbeing (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Participants and healthcare professionals cited additional outcomes including improved physical health and reduced social isolation. The wetland site provided a sense of escape from participants’ everyday environments, facilitating relaxation and reductions in stress. Wetland staff knowledge of the natural world, transportation and group organisation also played a considerable role in the intervention’s success. These aspects should be considered in future and existing NBIs to maximise benefits to participants. We propose NBIs based in wetlands are an effective therapy option for individuals diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression.
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Pretty, Jules, and Jo Barton. "Nature-Based Interventions and Mind–Body Interventions: Saving Public Health Costs Whilst Increasing Life Satisfaction and Happiness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 7769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217769.
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A number of countries have begun to adopt prevention pays policies and practices to reduce pressure on health and social care systems. Most affluent countries have seen substantial increases in the incidence and costs of non-communicable diseases. The interest in social models for health has led to the growth in use of social prescribing and psychological therapies. At the same time, there has been growth in application of a variety of nature-based and mind–body interventions (NBIs and MBIs) aimed at improving health and longevity. We assess four NBI/MBI programmes (woodland therapy, therapeutic horticulture, ecotherapy/green care, and tai chi) on life satisfaction/happiness and costs of use of public services. These interventions produce rises in life satisfaction/happiness of 1.00 pts to 7.29 (n = 644; p < 0.001) (for courses or participation >50 h). These increases are greater than many positive life events (e.g., marriage or a new child); few countries or cities see +1 pt increases over a decade. The net present economic benefits per person from reduced public service use are £830–£31,520 (after 1 year) and £6450–£11,980 (after 10 years). We conclude that NBIs and MBIs can play a role in helping to reduce the costs on health systems, while increasing the well-being of participants.
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Greenwell, Kate, and Derek J. Hoare. "Use and Mediating Effect of Interactive Design Features in Audiology Rehabilitation and Self-Management Internet-Based Interventions." American Journal of Audiology 25, no. 3S (October 2016): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_aja-16-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the presence of key interactive design features across Internet-based audiology rehabilitation and self-management interventions, and whether there is evidence of them mediating effects of the intervention. Method Adult audiology interventions relevant to this review were identified through a literature search in Google Scholar and a hand search of key journals. Four key interactive design features that have been proposed to mediate the effects of Internet-based health interventions were reported for each intervention: social context and support, contacts with the intervention, tailoring, and self-management. Results Five interventions were identified as representative examples of work in the field. Social context and support and contacts with the intervention were provided in most interventions, mainly through clinician guidance. Only 1 intervention utilized tailoring to personalize intervention content to individual users, but use was minimal. Self-management features were also used in all interventions but the precise nature of these features was poorly reported. Conclusion Future studies should assess the optimal dose and combinations of intervention features for maximizing efficacy in audiology intervention. To be specific, the role of tailoring should be explored, which has been identified as a potential mediator of intervention outcome in the wider e-health literature.
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Michie, Susan, Andrew Prestwich, and Marijn de Bruin. "Importance of the nature of comparison conditions for testing theory-based interventions: Reply." Health Psychology 29, no. 5 (2010): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020844.
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Tibbits, Melissa, and Mohammad Siahpush. "Implementation of Sexually Transmitted Infection Interventions." Health Promotion Practice 18, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839916660526.
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Although community-wide, multilevel interventions are widely regarded as the most effective method for addressing complex health issues such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), there is a dearth of research about the implementation of interventions of this nature. The aim of this study was to determine the implementation of locally developed and evidence-based STI interventions across an urban community using the Institute of Medicine’s intervention spectrum as a framework, to highlight collaborations, and to identify barriers to the implementation of community-wide, multilevel interventions. Semistructured interviews were conducted ( N = 20) with staff from schools, after-school programs, community organizations, and clinics in a Midwestern metropolitan area. Results indicate that interventions were implemented at all levels of the Institute of Medicine’s intervention spectrum, although selective interventions that served a small number of youth were most common. Most interventions were locally developed or adapted from evidence-based programs. Despite reported collaboration between agencies, there was relatively little community-wide coordination of STI interventions due to factors such as community norms and competition for limited funding. These findings offer further insight into the gap between best practice recommendations and the implementation of community-wide, multilevel interventions. Implications for intervention development and implementation are discussed.
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Langergraber, Guenter, Joana A. C. Castellar, Bernhard Pucher, Gösta F. M. Baganz, Dragan Milosevic, Maria-Beatrice Andreucci, Katharina Kearney, Rocío Pineda-Martos, and Nataša Atanasova. "A Framework for Addressing Circularity Challenges in Cities with Nature-Based Solutions." Water 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 2355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172355.
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A novel framework is presented that aims to guide practitioners and decision makers toward a better understanding of the role of nature-based solutions (NBS) in the enhancement of resources management in cities, and the mainstreaming of NBS in the urban fabric. Existing frameworks describing the use of NBS to address urban challenges do not specifically consider circularity challenges. Thus, the new framework provides the following: (1) a comprehensive set of Urban Circularity Challenges (UCCs); (2) a set of more than fifty NBS units and NBS interventions thoroughly assessed in terms of their potential to address UCCs; and (3) an analysis of input and output resource streams, which are both required for and produced during operation of NBS. The new framework aims to facilitate the coupling of individual NBS units and NBS interventions with NBS that enable circular economy solutions.
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Shanahan, Danielle F., Thomas Astell–Burt, Elizabeth A. Barber, Eric Brymer, Daniel T. C. Cox, Julie Dean, Michael Depledge, et al. "Nature–Based Interventions for Improving Health and Wellbeing: The Purpose, the People and the Outcomes." Sports 7, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7060141.
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Engagement with nature is an important part of many people’s lives, and the health and wellbeing benefits of nature–based activities are becoming increasingly recognised across disciplines from city planning to medicine. Despite this, urbanisation, challenges of modern life and environmental degradation are leading to a reduction in both the quantity and the quality of nature experiences. Nature–based health interventions (NBIs) can facilitate behavioural change through a somewhat structured promotion of nature–based experiences and, in doing so, promote improved physical, mental and social health and wellbeing. We conducted a Delphi expert elicitation process with 19 experts from seven countries (all named authors on this paper) to identify the different forms that such interventions take, the potential health outcomes and the target beneficiaries. In total, 27 NBIs were identified, aiming to prevent illness, promote wellbeing and treat specific physical, mental or social health and wellbeing conditions. These interventions were broadly categorized into those that change the environment in which people live, work, learn, recreate or heal (for example, the provision of gardens in hospitals or parks in cities) and those that change behaviour (for example, engaging people through organized programmes or other activities). We also noted the range of factors (such as socioeconomic variation) that will inevitably influence the extent to which these interventions succeed. We conclude with a call for research to identify the drivers influencing the effectiveness of NBIs in enhancing health and wellbeing.
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Vaquero-Solís, Gallego, Tapia-Serrano, Pulido, and Sánchez-Miguel. "School-based Physical Activity Interventions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030999.
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Background: The aim of this systematic review was to examinemotivational interventions based on physical activity as precursor of psychosocial benefits inside of the scholar context. Method: studies were identified in seven databases (Web of Science, Sport Discuss, Scopus, Eric, Pubmed, Psycinfo and Google Scholar). The search process was from June 2011 to September 2019. A total of 41 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results: 23 studies showed psychological effects after intervention and also 10 studies showed psychosocial effect after the intervention. The rest of the studies, although they presented changes, did not become significant.Conclusions: this systematic review showed the importance of motivational processes for the performance of physical activity and sport as a precursor of psychosocial changesand highlights the importance of strategies and the temporal nature of studies to maintain significant changes over time.Likewise, the study shows the future trend of motivational interventions, highlighting the female gender as participants of special interest, and changing the methodology through web-based interventions and active breaks or mental breaks during traditional subject classes.
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Kainz, Kirsten, Allison Metz, and Noreen Yazejian. "Tools for Evaluating the Implementation of Complex Education Interventions." American Journal of Evaluation 42, no. 3 (July 9, 2021): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098214020958490.
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Large-scale education interventions aimed at diminishing disparities and generating equitable learning outcomes are often complex, involving multiple components and intended impacts. Evaluating implementation of complex interventions is challenging because of the interactive and emergent nature of intervention components. Methods that build from systems science have proven useful for addressing evaluation challenges in the complex intervention space. Complexity science shares some terminology with systems science, but the primary aims and methods of complexity science are different from those of systems science. In this paper we describe some of the language and ideas used in complexity science. We offer a set of priorities for evaluation of complex interventions based on language and ideas used in complexity science and methodologies aligned with the priorities.
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Gawrych, Magdalena, and Robert Słonka. "Therapeutic mountain hiking in psychiatric rehabilitation." Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna 21, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15557/pipk.2021.0007.
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In recent years, there has been a major shift towards bringing nature-based interventions (green therapy) into the mainstream of activities improving the psychological well-being of the population. Various interventions generally based on practising mindfulness in nature and training in psychosocial skills are also increasingly integrated into psychiatric rehabilitation. In Poland, the most commonly used therapeutic intervention involving contact with nature has traditionally been horticultural therapy (also known as social and therapeutic horticulture). A variety of therapeutic methods with an established status in other European countries, for example mountain hiking, forest bathing/shinrin-yoku, wilderness therapy, outdoor therapy or adventure therapy, are not sufficiently well-known in Poland. A specific type of therapeutic intervention based on contact with nature is therapy in the mountain setting, which taps into the potential of interventions based on mindfulness, climate therapy, and occupational therapy. The paper outlines the principles of organisation, therapeutic factors, and conditions determining the effectiveness of therapeutic mountain hiking, also known as mountain therapy or psychosocial mountain therapy. In addition, the paper aims to provide an overview of the tasks facing the therapist/guide. Mountain therapy has a strictly defined therapeutic goal which is pursued in a specific mountain environment. It is important to highlight that the effectiveness of therapeutic methods and the plan of the mountain hike are supported by sufficiently strong empirical evidence. The authors propose their own therapy programme in a mountain environment, complete with the preconditions and consecutive stages of the therapeutic process. Multiple research-documented benefits of the mountain setting in psychiatric rehabilitation may convince specialists to incorporate this therapeutic modality more widely into their practice, especially in the context of restrictions related to the current epidemiological situation.
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Gendron, Tracey, and Jennifer Inker. "Approaches to Anti-Ageism Interventions." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2333.
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Abstract Ageism, a multidimensional construct, is also understood as a relational process whereby perceptions and behaviors toward older individuals by younger individuals not only damage the self-esteem of elders, but also create a hostile environment for their own future social interactions and their own future self-development as elders. Anti-ageism interventions have the hefty task of improving attitudes and behaviors toward aging within all of these contexts. This presentation will discuss findings from two different anti-ageism interventions both designed to mitigate the negative impacts of ageism. Results from a study on an intergenerational arts-based program found that after participation students demonstrated a positive change in their attitudes toward older adults. Findings from a video-based ageism intervention among a sample of 265 staff members in 15 senior living communities demonstrated decreased internalized aging anxiety as well as decreased ageist behaviors directly after the training and at three month post follow-up. Given the complex and systemic nature of ageism, diversity is necessary in scope and type of intervention in order to reach the broadest audience.
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Rendle, Emma J., Nathan A. Rive, and Asad A. Zafar. "COASTAL RESILIENCE IN THE INDUS DELTA; UPSCALING NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.management.39.
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Sindh province, Pakistan is home to the seventh largest delta, at the mouth of the River Indus and holder RAMSAR designation. A large arid mangrove forest system once occupied the coastal belt. Systematic removal over the past 50 years has exposed the delta to energy higher during cyclones and climate related threats, most notably rising water levels and combined flood risk from extreme events. The loss of mangrove has resulted in agricultural land loss, saline intrusion, and population migration. The Sindh Coastal Resilience Project introduces a National Adaptation Plan alongside investment in key flood risk management interventions; enhancing the mangrove buffer to provide stability, improving water and sediment connectivity, and introducing embankments and flood schemes at key nodal points through the Indus Delta.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/MzBJzHOw4yw
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Manikam, Shamini, and Rebekah Russell-Bennett. "The social marketing theory-based (SMT) approach for designing interventions." Journal of Social Marketing 6, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-10-2014-0078.
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Purpose – Despite the importance of theory as a driving framework, many social marketers either fail to explicitly use theory as the basis of designing social marketing interventions or default to familiar theories which may not accurately reflect the nature of the behavioural issue. The purpose of this paper is therefore to propose and demonstrate the social marketing theory (SMT)-based approach for designing social marketing interventions, campaigns or tools. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper proposes a four-step process and illustrates this process by applying the SMT-based approach to the digital component of a social marketing intervention for preventing domestic violence. Findings – For effective social marketing interventions, the underpinning theory must reflect consumer insights and key behavioural drivers and be used explicitly in the design process. Practical implications – Social marketing practitioners do not always understand how to use theory in the design of interventions, campaigns or tools, and scholars do not always understand how to translate theories into practice. This paper outlines a process and illustrates how theory can be selected and applied. Originality/value – This paper proposes a process for theory selection and use in a social marketing context.
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Marselle, Melissa, Sara Warber, and Katherine Irvine. "Growing Resilience through Interaction with Nature: Can Group Walks in Nature Buffer the Effects of Stressful Life Events on Mental Health?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 19, 2019): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060986.
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Nature-based activities have been used as therapeutic interventions for those experiencing stress and mental ill health. This study investigates whether group walks could be a nature-based intervention to foster resilience, by buffering the effects of recent stressful life events on mental health. An observational research design with propensity score-matched samples compared the mental health of individuals who did (Nature Group Walkers, n = 1081) or did not (Non-Group Walkers, n = 435) attend nature group walks. A sub-sample of Frequent Nature Group Walkers (at least once per week, n = 631) was also investigated. Data were analyzed using multiple regression with an interaction term. All analyses were controlled for age, gender, and recent physical activity. Results showed that neither nature group walking, nor doing this frequently, moderated the effects of stressful life events on mental health. Using a main effects model, the positive associations of group walks in nature were at a greater magnitude than the negative associations of stressful life events on depression, positive affect, and mental well-being, suggesting an ‘undoing’ effect of nature group walks. Group walking schemes in natural environments may be an important public health promotion intervention for mental health.
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Saunders, David. "An Introduction to the Buddhist Underpinnings of Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Buddha-Nature and Intrinsic Goodness." American Journal of Psychiatry Residents' Journal 11, no. 3 (March 2016): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp-rj.2016.110303.
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Mubeen, Adam, Laddaporn Ruangpan, Zoran Vojinovic, Arlex Sanchez Torrez, and Jasna Plavšić. "Planning and Suitability Assessment of Large-scale Nature-based Solutions for Flood-risk Reduction." Water Resources Management 35, no. 10 (July 10, 2021): 3063–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02848-w.
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AbstractAdverse effects of climate change are increasing around the world and the floods are posing significant challenges for water managers. With climate projections showing increased risks of storms and extreme precipitation, the use of traditional measures alone is no longer an option. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) offer a suitable alternative to reduce the risk of flooding and provide multiple benefits. However, planning such interventions requires careful consideration of various factors and local contexts. The present paper provides contribution in this direction and it proposes a methodology for allocation of large-scale NBS using suitability mapping. The methodology was implemented within the toolboxes of ESRI ArcMap software in order to map suitability for four types of NBS interventions: floodplain restoration, detention basins, retention ponds, and river widening. The toolboxes developed were applied to the case study area in Serbia, i.e., the Tamnava River basin. Flood maps were used to determine the volume of floodwater that needs to be stored for reducing flood risk in the basin and subsequent downstream areas. The suitability maps produced indicate the potential of the new methodology and its application as a decision-support tool for selection and allocation of large-scale NBS.
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Dube, Misheck. "Empowerment and Rights-Based Social Work Interventions for Widows in Zimbabwe: A Literature Review." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 6 (May 6, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n6p94.
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Due to the patriarchal and oppressive nature of the communities, Zimbabwean widows need interventions through empowerment and rights-based approaches. This article argues that those in rural area such as Binga District are more prone to oppression and widowhood has a greater impact on them as they lack the necessary resources coupled with lack of prioritisation in professional interventions. With the aim of refocusing social work interventions on empowerment and rights of widows, the article reviews literature from various sources to discuss how social work may intervene. Literature is reviewed thematically to give structure and to ensure focus on relevant discussion points. This revealed the current perspectives on widowhood elucidating on the loopholes existing within these perspectives suggesting that a more comprehensive and context specific understanding of widowhood is needed especially taking into account the young generation of widows in Zimbabwe that needs empowerment and rights-based intervention approaches. This paper has shown that such social work interventions are possible as it is a professional and ethical requisite to intervene where people are marginalised and oppressed in an endeavor to restore their worth and dignity.
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Wood, Benjamin Mitchell, and Per Kallestrup. "A review of non-specialised, group-based mental health and psychosocial interventions in displaced populations." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 14, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2018-0010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe non-specialised, group-based interventions in displaced populations from reviewed literature, and to explore their outcomes. Design/methodology/approach A literature review was conducted using the PubMed database, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews, and defined “grey literature”. Characteristics of the interventions were summarised into a table under key categories such as targeted persons, study setting, level of evidence, outcome measures, assessment tools used and summary of results. Findings In total, 11 articles were identified stemming from nine separate interventions. Three of these were considered level 1 evidence as they were randomised controlled trials. The described interventions were markedly heterogeneous in nature and produced diverse findings. There were noted methodological issues in the majority of interventions reviewed. Originality/value This original research has demonstrated clear need for research that uses robust methodology accounting for the complex and challenging nature of this context.
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Domin, Alex, Donna Spruijt-Metz, Daniel Theisen, Yacine Ouzzahra, and Claus Vögele. "Smartphone-Based Interventions for Physical Activity Promotion: Scoping Review of the Evidence Over the Last 10 Years." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 7 (July 21, 2021): e24308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24308.
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Background Several reviews of mobile health (mHealth) physical activity (PA) interventions suggest their beneficial effects on behavior change in adolescents and adults. Owing to the ubiquitous presence of smartphones, their use in mHealth PA interventions seems obvious; nevertheless, there are gaps in the literature on the evaluation reporting processes and best practices of such interventions. Objective The primary objective of this review is to analyze the development and evaluation trajectory of smartphone-based mHealth PA interventions and to review systematic theory- and evidence-based practices and methods that are implemented along this trajectory. The secondary objective is to identify the range of evidence (both quantitative and qualitative) available on smartphone-based mHealth PA interventions to provide a comprehensive tabular and narrative review of the available literature in terms of its nature, features, and volume. Methods We conducted a scoping review of qualitative and quantitative studies examining smartphone-based PA interventions published between 2008 and 2018. In line with scoping review guidelines, studies were not rejected based on their research design or quality. This review, therefore, includes experimental and descriptive studies, as well as reviews addressing smartphone-based mHealth interventions aimed at promoting PA in all age groups (with a subanalysis conducted for adolescents). Two groups of studies were additionally included: reviews or content analyses of PA trackers and meta-analyses exploring behavior change techniques and their efficacy. Results Included articles (N=148) were categorized into 10 groups: commercial smartphone app content analyses, smartphone-based intervention review studies, activity tracker content analyses, activity tracker review studies, meta-analyses of PA intervention studies, smartphone-based intervention studies, qualitative formative studies, app development descriptive studies, qualitative follow-up studies, and other related articles. Only 24 articles targeted children or adolescents (age range: 5-19 years). There is no agreed evaluation framework or taxonomy to code or report smartphone-based PA interventions. Researchers did not state the coding method, used various evaluation frameworks, or used different versions of behavior change technique taxonomies. In addition, there is no consensus on the best behavior change theory or model that should be used in smartphone-based interventions for PA promotion. Commonly reported systematic practices and methods have been successfully identified. They include PA recommendations, trial designs (randomized controlled trials, experimental trials, and rapid design trials), mixed methods data collection (surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions), scales to assess app quality, and industry-recognized reporting guidelines. Conclusions Smartphone-based mHealth interventions aimed at promoting PA showed promising results for behavior change. Although there is a plethora of published studies on the adult target group, the number of studies and consequently the evidence base for adolescents is limited. Overall, the efficacy of smartphone-based mHealth PA interventions can be considerably improved through a more systematic approach of developing, reporting, and coding of the interventions.
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van der Feltz-Cornelis, Christina M., Marco Sarchiapone, Vita Postuvan, Daniëlle Volker, Saska Roskar, Alenka Tančič Grum, Vladimir Carli, et al. "Best Practice Elements of Multilevel Suicide Prevention Strategies." Crisis 32, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000109.
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Background: Evidence-based best practices for incorporation into an optimal multilevel intervention for suicide prevention should be identifiable in the literature. Aims: To identify effective interventions for the prevention of suicidal behavior. Methods: Review of systematic reviews found in the Pubmed, Cochrane, and DARE databases. Steps include risk-of-bias assessment, data extraction, summarization of best practices, and identification of synergistic potentials of such practices in multilevel approaches. Results: Six relevant systematic reviews were found. Best practices identified as effective were as follows: training general practitioners (GPs) to recognize and treat depression and suicidality, improving accessibility of care for at-risk people, and restricting access to means of suicide. Although no outcomes were reported for multilevel interventions or for synergistic effects of multiple interventions applied together, indirect support was found for possible synergies in particular combinations of interventions within multilevel strategies. Conclusions: A number of evidence-based best practices for the prevention of suicide and suicide attempts were identified. Research is needed on the nature and extent of potential synergistic effects of various preventive activities within multilevel interventions.
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Pisciotta, Barbara. "Russian revisionism in the Putin era: an overview of post-communist military interventions in Georgia, Ukraine, and Syria." Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 50, no. 1 (August 9, 2019): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipo.2019.18.
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AbstractThis paper seeks to develop a new typology of revisionism based on the nature of the aims (territorial/normative/hierarchy of prestige), the means employed (peaceful/violent), and the level of action (regional/global). This will then be used to explain the escalation of Russia's foreign policy from regional to global claims with reference to its military interventions in Georgia, Ukraine, and Syria and to identify the type of revisionism involved in each of the three Russian military interventions undertaken both inside (Georgia and Ukraine) and outside (Syria) the post-soviet space. The paper is divided into three parts. The first examines the concept of revisionism and suggests a new classification of six types in relation to the means, nature, and level of the claims put forward by revisionist powers. The second discusses the interventions carried out by Russia within its regional area (in Georgia and Ukraine). The third analyses the intervention in Syria and highlights the escalation of Russian claims from the regional to the global level.
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Evensen, Katinka H., Ruth K. Raanaas, and Grete G. Patil. "Potential health benefits of nature-based interventions in the work environment during winter. A case study." Psyecology 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/217119713805088315.
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Spyrou, Christos, Michael Loupis, Νikos Charizopoulos, Ilektra Apostolidou, Angeliki Mentzafou, George Varlas, Anastasios Papadopoulos, et al. "Evaluating Nature-Based Solution for Flood Reduction in Spercheios River Basin under Current and Future Climate Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073885.
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Nature-based solutions (NBS) are being deployed around the world in order to address hydrometeorological hazards, including flooding, droughts, landslides and many others. The term refers to techniques inspired, supported and copied from nature, avoiding large constructions and other harmful interventions. In this work the development and evaluation of an NBS applied to the Spercheios river basin in Central Greece is presented. The river is susceptible to heavy rainfall and bank overflow, therefore the intervention selected is a natural water retention measure that aims to moderate the impact of flooding and drought in the area. After the deployment of the NBS, we examine the benefits under current and future climate conditions, using various climate change scenarios. Even though the NBS deployed is small compared to the rest of the river, its presence leads to a decrease in the maximum depth of flooding, maximum velocity and smaller flooded areas. Regarding the subsurface/groundwater storage under current and future climate change and weather conditions, the NBS construction seems to favor long-term groundwater recharge.
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Pletcher, James. "Public Interventions in Agricultural Markets in Malaysia: Rice and Palm Oil." Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 2 (May 1990): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010349.
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AbstractThis paper explores the goals, nature and results of government interventions into the rice and palm oil markets of Malyasia since independence. Its purpose is to compare the relatively successful way in which the government has promoted the palm oil industry with the failure of interventions in the rice market. The historical comparison of public efforts in these two industries points up the importance of setting consistent goals, of encouraging crops which match the natural resource endowment of the country, of having a private sector which is capable of responding to production incentives, and of letting supply and demand determine prices when designing a strategy of market intervention. Above all, it is important to distinguish programs of intervention based primarily on efficiency criteria from those which seek to perform social welfare (e.g. income support) and political (e.g. food security) functions as well.
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García-Betances, Rebeca Isabel, María Fernanda Cabrera-Umpiérrez, and María T. Arredondo. "Computerized neurocognitive interventions in the context of the brain training controversy." Reviews in the Neurosciences 29, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2017-0031.
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AbstractThis article presents, in the form of an analytic narrative review, a complete picture of the state-of-the-art, challenges, and perspectives in the field of information and communication technology (ICT)-based neurocognitive interventions for older adults. The narrative particularly focuses on applications aimed at mild cognitive impairment and similar age-related cognitive deficits, which are analyzed in the context of the brain training controversy. Clarifying considerations are provided about the nature and present extent of the brain training debate, regarding the possible influence it has on the support received by research and development initiatives dealing with innovative computerized neurocognitive interventions. It is recommended that, because of the preliminary nature of most data currently available in this area, further research initiatives must be supported in the quest for better effectiveness of computer-based interventions intended for age-related cognitive impairment. The conclusion suggests that advanced ICT-based tools, such as virtual and augmented reality technologies, are the most fitting platforms for applying nonpharmacological computerized neurocognitive interventions.
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Degnan, A., S. Baker, D. Edge, W. Nottidge, M. Noke, C. J. Press, N. Husain, S. Rathod, and R. J. Drake. "The nature and efficacy of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 5 (August 23, 2017): 714–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717002264.
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BackgroundEvidence-based psychosocial treatments for schizophrenia founded on Western belief systems and values may not be efficacious in different cultures without adaptation. This systematic review analyses the nature and outcomes of culturally-adapted psychosocial interventions in schizophrenia, examining how interventions have been adapted, their efficacy and what features drive heterogeneity in outcome.MethodArticles identified by searching electronic databases from inception to 3 March 2016, reference lists and previous reviews were independently screened by two authors for eligible controlled trials. Data on the nature of adaptations was analysed inductively using thematic analyses. Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects models to calculate effect sizes (Hedges’ g) for symptoms.ResultsForty-six studies with 7828 participants were included, seven adapted for minority populations. Cultural adaptations were grouped into nine themes: language, concepts and illness models, family, communication, content, cultural norms and practices, context and delivery, therapeutic alliance, and treatment goals. Meta-analyses showed significant post-treatment effects in favour of adapted interventions for total symptom severity (n = 2345, g: −0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.36 to −0.09), positive (n = 1152, g: −0.56, 95% CI −0.86 to −0.26), negative (n = 855, g: −0.39, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.15), and general (n = 525, g: −0.75, CI −1.21 to −0.29) symptoms.ConclusionsThe adaptation process can be described within a framework that serves as a benchmark for development or assessment of future adaptations. Culturally adapted interventions were more efficacious than usual treatment in proportion to the degree of adaptation. There is insufficient evidence to show that adapted interventions are better than non-adapted interventions. Features of context, intervention and design influenced efficacy. Investigating whether adaptation improves efficacy, most importantly amongst ethnic minorities, requires better designed trials with comparisons against unadapted interventions.
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Hameiri, Boaz, Daniel Bar-Tal, and Eran Halperin. "Challenges for Peacemakers." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 1, no. 1 (October 2014): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214548428.
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Resolving intergroup conflicts is one of humanity’s most important challenges. Social psychologists join this endeavor, not only to understand the psychological foundations of intergroup conflicts but also to suggest interventions that aim to resolve conflicts peacefully. The present article begins by describing a specific type of conflict, namely, an intractable conflict that has distinguishing characteristics. One characteristic that fuels its intractability is the presence of socio-psychological barriers. These barriers result in one-sided information processing that obstructs the penetration of new information to promote peace: Members of a society immersed in an intractable conflict are frozen in their conflict-supporting societal beliefs. The most challenging question is how to unfreeze these beliefs, to overcome these barriers. Various interventions have been designed to promote intergroup peace, within a new taxonomy specifying the nature and goals of the interventions. Peace-promoting interventions can be divided into three categories: (a) interventions that provide contradictory information, (b) interventions that provide information through experiences, and (c) interventions that teach a new skill. Finally, a number of conclusions and limitations stem from the reviewed interventions, suggesting a new line of intervention based on “paradoxical thinking.”
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O'Neill, D. H. "Ergonomics Interventions in Agricultural Development Projects." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 44, no. 22 (July 2000): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120004402233.
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World population growth is demanding ever-increasing production and productivity in the agricultural industry to meet the world's food needs. Whilst the biological sciences make the major contribution through agronomy, crop protection, harvesting and storage techniques, many of the advances in these spheres of research and development do not meet their full potential because the associated human factors issues are not fully addressed. The ergonomics needs of the three major levels of agricultural enterprise - smallholder (subsistence) agriculture, small-scale commercial farming and large-scale commercial farming - are considered and the nature of appropriate interventions for each of these levels outlined. Examples of potential interventions, based on ergonomics research and development are presented.
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Martin, Philippe, Corinne Alberti, Serge Gottot, Aurelie Bourmaud, and Elise de La Rochebrochard. "Expert Opinions on Web-Based Peer Education Interventions for Youth Sexual Health Promotion: Qualitative Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): e18650. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18650.
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Background Participatory education, in the form of peer education, may be an effective way to promote youth sexual health. With the advent of the internet, web-based interventions have potential as an attractive new tool for sexual health promotion by peers. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate professional experts’ opinions on the perspectives for web-based participatory interventions to promote sexual health by peers and among young people. Methods Semistructured interviews were carried out with 20 experts (stakeholders in direct contact with young people, researchers, and institutional actors) specializing in sexual health, health promotion, peer education, youth, internet, and social media. After coding with N’Vivo, data were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. Results The majority of experts (18/20, 90%) found this kind of intervention to be attractive, but highlighted the necessary conditions, risks, and limitations attached to developing an acceptable peer intervention on the internet for sexual health promotion among young people. Five main themes were identified: (1) an internet intervention; (2) sexual health; (3) internet skills, and uses and the need for moderation; (4) multifaceted peers; and (5) minority peers. In the absence of youth interest for institutional messages, the experts highlighted the attractive participatory features of web-based interventions and the need for geolocalized resources. However, they also warned of the limitations associated with the possibility of integrating peers into education: peers should not be mere messengers, and should remain peers so as not to be outsiders to the target group. Experts highlighted concrete proposals to design an online participatory peer intervention, including the process of peer implication, online features in the intervention, and key points for conception and evaluation. Conclusions The experts agreed that web-based participatory interventions for youth sexual health promotion must be tailored to needs, uses, and preferences. This type of action requires youth involvement framed in an inclusive and holistic sexual health approach. Peer education can be implemented via the internet, but the design of the intervention also requires not being overly institutional in nature. Involving young people in their own education in an interactive, safe online space has the potential to develop their empowerment and to foster long-term positive behaviors, especially in the area of sexual health.
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Hettige, Siri, and Richard Haigh. "An integrated social response to disasters: the case of the Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 25, no. 5 (July 11, 2016): 595–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-11-2015-0263.
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Purpose The impact of disasters caused by natural hazards on people in affected communities is mediated by a whole range of circumstances such as the intensity of the disaster, type and nature of the community affected and the nature of loss and displacement. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the need to adopt a holistic or integrated approach to assessment of the process of disaster recovery, and to develop a multidimensional assessment framework. Design/methodology/approach The study is designed as a novel qualitative assessment of the recovery process using qualitative data collection techniques from a sample of communities affected by the Indian Ocean tsunami in Eastern and Southern Sri Lanka. Findings The outcomes of the interventions have varied widely depending on such factors as the nature of the community, the nature of the intervention and the mode of delivery for donor support. The surveyed communities are ranked in terms of the nature and extent of recovery. Practical implications The indices of recovery developed constitute a convenient tool of measurement of effectiveness and limitations of external interventions. The assessment used is multidimensional and socially inclusive. Originality/value The approach adopted is new to post-disaster recovery assessments and is useful for monitoring and evaluation of recovery processes. It also fits into the social accountability model as the assessment is based on community experience with the recovery process.
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Howarth, Michelle, and Craig Lister. "Social prescribing in cardiology: rediscovering the nature within us." British Journal of Cardiac Nursing 14, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjca.2019.0036.
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Personalised care is integral to the delivery of the NHS England Long Term Plan. Enabling choice and supporting patients to make decisions predicated on ‘what matters to them’, rather than ‘what is the matter with them’ is a fundamental part of the NHS vision. Social prescribing uses non-medical, asset-based, salutogenic approaches to promote this personalised paradigm, and places the patient central to decision making. This article discusses how personalised care can be used to help people with cardiovascular disease using socially prescribed ‘nature-based’ interventions to support the pre-habilitation and rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular disease. The concept of personalised care outlined and the significance of salutogenic principles as a complementary approach to the pathogenic model is discussed. The authors argue that this seemingly novel approach to using nature-based interventions can help promote wellbeing for people with cardiovascular disease as part of the wider personalised agenda.
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Guthrie, Elspeth, Aaron McMeekin, Rachel Thomasson, Sylvia Khan, Sally Makin, Ben Shaw, and Damien Longson. "Opening the ‘black box’: liaison psychiatry services and what they actually do." BJPsych Bulletin 40, no. 4 (August 2016): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.051771.
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Aims and methodTo develop a simple, pragmatic typology to characterise the nature of liaison interventions delivered by a liaison service in a National Health Service setting. We carried out a retrospective electronic case-note review of referrals to a ward-based liaison psychiatry service.ResultsThree hundred and forty-four patients were referred to the service over a 12-month period. Ten different types of liaison interventions were identified, with the most common interventions being diagnosis (112 patients, 32.6%), medication management (57 patients, 16.6%), risk assessment and treatment (56 patients, 16.3% each). Mental Health Act work accounted for the greatest number of contacts per patient (median 7).Clinical implicationsThere are inherent limitations in any single-site observational study, as site-specific results cannot be generalised to other liaison services. The intervention categories we developed, however, are easy to use and will provide a way of comparing and benchmarking the range of interventions delivered by different liaison psychiatry services.
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Burnes, David, and Mark S. Lachs. "The Case for Individualized Goal Attainment Scaling Measurement in Elder Abuse Interventions." Journal of Applied Gerontology 36, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0733464815581486.
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Research available to inform the development of effective community-based elder abuse protective response interventions is severely limited. Elder abuse intervention research is constrained by a lack of research capacity, including sensitive and responsive outcome measures that can assess change in case status over the course of intervention. Given the heterogeneous nature of elder abuse, standard scales can lack the flexibility necessary to capture the diverse range of individually relevant issues across cases. In this paper, we seek to address this gap by proposing the adaptation and use of an innovative measurement strategy—goal attainment scaling—in the context of elder protection. Goal attainment scaling is an individualized, client-centered outcome measurement approach that has the potential to address existing measurement challenges constraining progress in elder abuse intervention research.
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Faleye, Olukayode A., and Tanimola M. Akande. "Beyond “White Medicine”: Bubonic Plague and Health Interventions in Colonial Lagos." Gesnerus 76, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07601004.
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While studies have unveiled the implications of the bubonic plague outbreak in colonial Lagos in the areas of town planning, environmental health and trade, there is a dearth of scholarly writings on the multiplex nature of the biomedical, Christian, Muslim, non-Christian and non-Muslim African responses to the epidemic outbreak. Based on the historical analysis of colonial medical records, newspaper reports, interviews and the literature, this paper concludes that the multiplex and transcultural nature of local responses to the bubonic plague in Lagos disavow the Western biomedical triumphalist claims to epidemic control in Africa during colonial rule.
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Makido, Yasuyo, Dana Hellman, and Vivek Shandas. "Nature-Based Designs to Mitigate Urban Heat: The Efficacy of Green Infrastructure Treatments in Portland, Oregon." Atmosphere 10, no. 5 (May 21, 2019): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050282.
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Urban heat is a growing environmental concern in cities around the world. The urban heat island effect, combined with warming effects of climate change, is likely to cause an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events. Alterations to the physical, built environment are a viable option for mitigating urban heat, yet few studies provide systematic guidance to practitioners for adapting diverse land uses. In this study, we examine the use of green infrastructure treatments to evaluate changes in ambient temperatures across diverse land uses in the city of Portland, Oregon. We apply ENVI-met® microclimate modeling at the city-block scale specifically to determine what built environment characteristics are most associated with high temperatures, and the extent to which different physical designs reduce ambient temperature. The analysis included six green infrastructure interventions modeled across six different land-use types, and indicated the varying degrees to which approaches are effective. Results were inconsistent across landscapes, and showed that one mitigation solution alone would not significantly reduce extreme heat. These results can be used to develop targeted, climate- and landscape-specific cooling interventions for different land uses, which can help to inform and refine current guidance to achieve urban climate adaptation goals.
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McEwan, Kirsten, Miles Richardson, David Sheffield, Fiona J. Ferguson, and Paul Brindley. "A Smartphone App for Improving Mental Health through Connecting with Urban Nature." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 3373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183373.
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In an increasingly urbanised world where mental health is currently in crisis, interventions to increase human engagement and connection with the natural environment are one of the fastest growing, most widely accessible, and cost-effective ways of improving human wellbeing. This study aimed to provide an evaluation of a smartphone app-based wellbeing intervention. In a randomised controlled trial study design, the app prompted 582 adults, including a subgroup of adults classified by baseline scores on the Recovering Quality of Life scale as having a common mental health problem (n = 148), to notice the good things about urban nature (intervention condition) or built spaces (active control). There were statistically significant and sustained improvements in wellbeing at one-month follow-up. Importantly, in the noticing urban nature condition, compared to a built space control, improvements in quality of life reached statistical significance for all adults and clinical significance for those classified as having a mental health difficulty. This improvement in wellbeing was partly explained by significant increases in nature connectedness and positive affect. This study provides the first controlled experimental evidence that noticing the good things about urban nature has strong clinical potential as a wellbeing intervention and social prescription.
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Joseph, Linju M., T. R. Lekha, Dona Boban, Prinu Jose, and Panniyammakal Jeemon. "Perceived facilitators and barriers of enrolment, participation and adherence to a family based structured lifestyle modification interventions in Kerala, India: A qualitative study." Wellcome Open Research 4 (September 6, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15415.1.
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Background: The objective of the study was to describe participants’ and providers’ perspectives of barriers and facilitators of enrolment, participation and adherence to a structured lifestyle modification (SLM) interventions as part of the PROLIFIC trial in Kerala, India. Methods: Family members who had been enrolled for 12-months or more in a family-based cardiovascular risk reduction intervention study (PROLIFIC Trial) were purposively sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured guide. The non-physician health workers (NPHWs) delivering the intervention were also interviewed or included in focus groups (FGDs). Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: In total, 56 in-depth interviews and three FGDs were conducted. The descriptive themes emerged were categorised as (a) motivation for enrolment and engagement in the SLM interventions, (b) facilitators of adherence, and (c) reasons for non-adherence. A prior knowledge of familial cardiovascular risk, preventive nature of the programme, and a reputed organisation conducting the intervention study were appealing to the participants. Simple suggestions of healthier alternatives based on existing dietary practices, involvement of the whole family, and the free annual blood tests amplified the adherence. Participants highlighted regular monitoring of risk factors and provision of home-based care by NPHWs as facilitators for adherence. Furthermore, external motivation by NPHWs in setting and tracking short-term health goals were perceived as enablers of adherence. Nonetheless, home makers expressed difficulty in dealing with varied food choices of family members. Young adults in the programme noted that dietary changes were affected by eating out as they wanted to fit in with peers. Conclusions: The findings suggest that a family-based, trained healthcare worker led SLM interventions are acceptable in Kerala. Increasing the number of visits by NPHWs, regular monitoring and tracking of lifestyle goals, and targeting young adults and children for dietary changes may further improve adherence to SLM interventions.
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Joseph, Linju M., T. R. Lekha, Dona Boban, Prinu Jose, and Panniyammakal Jeemon. "Perceived facilitators and barriers of enrolment, participation and adherence to a family based structured lifestyle modification interventions in Kerala, India: A qualitative study." Wellcome Open Research 4 (November 27, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15415.2.
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Background: The objective of the study was to describe participants’ and providers’ perspectives of barriers and facilitators of enrolment, participation and adherence to a structured lifestyle modification (SLM) interventions as part of the PROLIFIC trial in Kerala, India. Methods: Family members who had been enrolled for 12-months or more in a family-based cardiovascular risk reduction intervention study (PROLIFIC Trial) were purposively sampled and interviewed using a semi-structured guide. The non-physician health workers (NPHWs) delivering the intervention were also interviewed or included in focus groups (FGDs). Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: In total, 56 in-depth interviews and three FGDs were conducted. The descriptive themes emerged were categorised as (a) motivation for enrolment and engagement in the SLM interventions, (b) facilitators of adherence, and (c) reasons for non-adherence. A prior knowledge of familial cardiovascular risk, preventive nature of the programme, and a reputed organisation conducting the intervention study were appealing to the participants. Simple suggestions of healthier alternatives based on existing dietary practices, involvement of the whole family, and the free annual blood tests amplified the adherence. Participants highlighted regular monitoring of risk factors and provision of home-based care by NPHWs as facilitators for adherence. Furthermore, external motivation by NPHWs in setting and tracking short terms goals were perceived as enablers of adherence. Nonetheless, home makers expressed difficulty in dealing with varied food choices of family members. Young adults in the programme noted that dietary changes were affected by eating out as they wanted to fit in with peers. Conclusions: The findings suggest that a family-based, trained healthcare worker led SLM interventions are desirable and feasible in Kerala. Increasing the number of visits by NPHWs, regular monitoring and tracking of lifestyle goals, and targeting young adults and children for dietary changes may further improve adherence to SLM interventions.
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Scoccianti, Marco, Christopher S. Verbin, George E. Kopchok, Martin R. Back, Carlos E. Donayre, Robert M. Sinow, and Rodney A. White. "Intravascular Ultrasound Guidance for Peripheral Vascular Interventions." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 1, no. 1 (September 1994): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660289500100110.
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Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging during peripheral endovascular interventions adds important information regarding the distribution of disease by providing controlled measurements of the cross-sectional area of the vessel lumen and wall prior to and following procedures. IVUS is useful in determining the mechanism and efficacy of balloon angioplasty, in guiding atherectomy devices, and in assuring appropriate placement of intravascular stents. The incorporation of an IVUS element into catheter-based interventional devices may improve the immediate and long-term results of endovascular interventions by decreasing complications from dissection and perforation of the arterial wall. Combined IVUS-stent prototype catheters are being developed to enable imaging and deployment simultaneously. Similar devices are being explored to enhance expedient, precise delivery of endoluminal grafts. Future studies of endovascular techniques should include IVUS, when possible, to accurately quantitate the initial efficacy of devices and to determine the nature and distribution of recurrent lesions.
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Shrestha, Topaz, Zelda Di Blasi, and Marica Cassarino. "Natural or Urban Campus Walks and Vitality in University Students: Exploratory Qualitative Findings from a Pilot Randomised Controlled Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042003.
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Despite extensive evidence of the restorative effects of nature, the potential vitalizing effects of connecting with nature are yet understudied, particularly in higher education settings. University students face high levels of stress and anxiety, and may benefit from nature-based interventions that enhance positive states such as vitality. Using preliminary data from a pilot randomized controlled study with qualitative interviews, we explored the psychological experiences associated with a brief walk either in nature or an urban environment in a sample of 13 university students. The qualitative thematic analysis revealed that walking in nature was a more energizing and vitalizing experience than the urban walk. The nature walk was also found to have both affective and cognitive enhancing effects on participants. Our study highlights the usefulness of exploring subjective psychological experiences of interacting with nature, as well as supporting its restorative potential. Implications for further research and interventions are discussed.
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De Silva, Stefanie, Alexandra Parker, Rosemary Purcell, Patrick Callahan, Ping Liu, and Sarah Hetrick. "Mapping the Evidence of Prevention and Intervention Studies for Suicidal and Self-Harming Behaviors in Young People." Crisis 34, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000190.
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Background: Suicide and self-harm (SSH) in young people is a major cause of disability-adjusted life years. Effective interventions are of critical importance to reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with SSH. Aims: To investigate the extent and nature of research on interventions to prevent and treat SSH in young people using evidence mapping. Method: A systematic search for SSH intervention studies was conducted (participant mean age between 6–25 years). The studies were restricted to high-quality evidence in the form of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and controlled trials. Results: Thirty-eight controlled studies and six systematic reviews met the study inclusion criteria. The majority (n = 32) involved psychological interventions. Few studies (n = 9) involved treating young people with recognized mental disorders or substance abuse (n = 1) which also addressed SSH. Conclusion: The map was restricted to RCTs, CCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, and thus might have neglected important information from other study designs. The effectiveness of interventions within the trials was not evaluated. The evidence base for SSH interventions in young people is not well established, which hampers best-practice efforts in this area. Promising interventions that need further research include school-based prevention programs with a skills training component, individual CBT interventions, interpersonal psychotherapy, and attachment-based family therapy. Gaps in the research exist in evaluations of interventions for SSH in young people with identifiable psychopathology, particularly substance use disorder, and research that classifies participants on the basis of their suicidal intent.
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Grapin, Sally L., Charity B. Griffin, Shereen C. Naser, Jeffrey M. Brown, and Sherrie L. Proctor. "School-Based Interventions for Reducing Youths’ Racial and Ethnic Prejudice." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6, no. 2 (October 2019): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732219863820.
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Minoritized youth encounter racial and ethnic prejudice and discrimination in a variety of settings, including schools. Prejudice refers to harboring negative attitudes and beliefs toward targeted social groups; discrimination reflects translating those attitudes into actions that marginalize targeted groups. Exposure to racial and ethnic discrimination has been associated with numerous detrimental outcomes for youth, including poorer mental health outcomes and lower levels of academic performance. This article describes the nature of racial and ethnic discrimination encountered by minoritized youth as well as its impact on these populations. It also reviews research on prejudice reduction interventions for youth, with a focus on those interventions designed for school settings. In light of existing research, several policy recommendations support high-quality, evidence-based programming in schools.
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Walsh, Erin, and Nicolas Cherbuin. "Mapping the Literature on Nutritional Interventions in Cognitive Health: A Data-Driven Approach." Nutrients 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11010038.
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Manual review of the extensive literature covering nutrition-based lifestyle interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing has proved educational, however, data-driven techniques can better account for the large size of the literature (tens of thousands of potentially relevant publications to date) and interdisciplinary nature, where relevant publications may be found. In this study, we present a new way to map the literature landscape, focusing on nutrition-based lifestyle interventions to promote healthy cognitive ageing. We applied a combination of citation network analysis and text mining to map out the existing literature on nutritional interventions and cognitive health. Results indicated five overarching clusters of publications, which could be further deconstructed into a total of 35 clusters. These could be broadly distinguished by the focus on lifespan stages (e.g., infancy versus older age), and specificity regarding nutrition (e.g., a narrow focus on iodine deficiency versus a broad focus on weight gain). Rather than concentrating into a single cluster, interventions were present throughout the majority of the research. We conclude that a data-driven map of the nutritional intervention literature can benefit the design of future interventions, by highlighting topics and themes that could be synthesized across currently disconnected clusters of publications.
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Canet-Martí, Alba, Rocío Pineda-Martos, Ranka Junge, Katrin Bohn, Teresa A. Paço, Cecilia Delgado, Gitana Alenčikienė, Siv Lene Gangenes Skar, and Gösta F. M. Baganz. "Nature-Based Solutions for Agriculture in Circular Cities: Challenges, Gaps, and Opportunities." Water 13, no. 18 (September 17, 2021): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13182565.
Full textAbstract:
Urban agriculture (UA) plays a key role in the circular metabolism of cities, as it can use water resources, nutrients, and other materials recovered from streams that currently leave the city as solid waste or as wastewater to produce new food and biomass. The ecosystem services of urban green spaces and infrastructures and the productivity of specific urban agricultural technologies have been discussed in literature. However, the understanding of input and output (I/O) streams of different nature-based solutions (NBS) is not yet sufficient to identify the challenges and opportunities they offer for strengthening circularity in UA. We propose a series of agriculture NBS, which, implemented in cities, would address circularity challenges in different urban spaces. To identify the challenges, gaps, and opportunities related to the enhancement of resources management of agriculture NBS, we evaluated NBS units, interventions, and supporting units, and analyzed I/O streams as links of urban circularity. A broader understanding of the food-related urban streams is important to recover resources and adapt the distribution system accordingly. As a result, we pinpointed the gaps that hinder the development of UA as a potential opportunity within the framework of the Circular City.