Academic literature on the topic 'Nature-based interventions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Nature-based interventions"
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Toews, Barb, Amy Wagenfeld, and Julie Stevens. "Impact of a nature-based intervention on incarcerated women." International Journal of Prisoner Health 14, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2017-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of a short-term nature-based intervention on the social-emotional well-being of women incarcerated on a mental health unit in a state prison. Design/methodology/approach This research used a mixed method approach with individual interviews, a focus group and a visual analog scale (VAS). Findings Qualitative results found that women appreciated the planting party and the way the plants improved the physical environment. Women were also emotionally and relationally impacted by their participation and practiced skills related to planting and working with people. Quantitative results indicate that women were happier, calmer, and more peaceful after the intervention than before. Research limitations/implications Study limitations include sample size, self-report data and use of a scale not yet tested for reliability and validity. Practical implications Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve as an adjunct to traditional mental health therapies in correctional settings. Nature-based interventions can support women’s goals to improve their mental health. Social implications Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve to improve relationships among incarcerated women, which may make a positive impact on the prison community. Such interventions may also assist them in developing relational and technical skills that are useful upon release. Originality/value To date, there is limited knowledge about the impact of nature-based interventions on incarcerated individuals coping with mental health concerns.
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Bloomfield, Dan. "What makes nature-based interventions for mental health successful?" BJPsych. International 14, no. 4 (November 2017): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s2056474000002063.
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Nature-based interventions for mental health are beginning to become more common in the UK. The evidence for their usefulness is building. Taking the ‘A Dose of Nature’ project in the south-west as an example, factors for making such interventions a success are described.
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Djernis, Lerstrup, Poulsen, Stigsdotter, Dahlgaard, and O’Toole. "A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Nature-Based Mindfulness: Effects of Moving Mindfulness Training into an Outdoor Natural Setting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (September 2, 2019): 3202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173202.
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Research has proven that both mindfulness training and exposure to nature have positive health effects. The purpose of this study was to systematically review quantitative studies of mindfulness interventions conducted in nature (nature-based mindfulness), and to analyze the effects through meta-analyses. Electronic searches revealed a total of 25 studies to be included, examining 2990 participants. Three analyses were conducted: Nature-based mindfulness interventions evaluated as open trials (k = 13), nature-based mindfulness compared with groups in non-active control conditions (k = 5), and nature-based mindfulness compared with similar interventions but without contact with nature (k = 7). The overall combined psychological, physiological, and interpersonal effects from pre- to post-intervention were statistically significant and of medium size (g = 0.54, p < 0.001). Moderation analyses showed that natural environments characterized as forests/wild nature obtained larger numerical effects than environments characterized as gardens/parks, as did informal mindfulness compared with formal mindfulness. The small number of studies included, as well as the heterogeneity and generally low quality of the studies, must be taken into consideration when the results are interpreted. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017065639.
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Moeller, Chris, Nigel King, Viv Burr, Graham R. Gibbs, and Tim Gomersall. "Nature-based interventions in institutional and organisational settings: a scoping review." International Journal of Environmental Health Research 28, no. 3 (April 26, 2018): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2018.1468425.
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Jones, Reo, Robin Tarter, and Amy Miner Ross. "Greenspace Interventions, Stress and Cortisol: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 2802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062802.
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Background: Engaging with nature can profoundly impact psychological and physiological health of persons across the lifespan. Greenspace interventions (GSI) encompass a broad range of strategic, nature-based activities for overall health and wellbeing. Within the past 20 years there has been a growing interest in the access to and management of greenspace to mediate the deleterious impact of acute and chronic stress, particularly, physiologic biomarkers of stress such as cortisol. Objective: This review aims to describe the impact of greenspace interventions on cortisol, to present the current state of the science on GSIs as they impact cortisol, and to uncover any limitations of current research strategies to best inform future research. Methods: A scoping methodology was conducted to systematically study this emerging field and inform future research by mapping the literature based on the GSI category, interventional design, cortisol metrics, and subsequent analysis of cortisol. Conclusion: Considerable heterogeneity in research design, aim(s), interventional strategy, and cortisol metrics were identified from a total of 18 studies on GSIs and cortisol outcomes. While studies demonstrated a potential for the positive association between GSIs and stress relief, more rigorous research is needed to represent GSIs as an intervention to mitigate risks of stress.
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van Noordwijk, Meine, Vincent Gitz, Peter A. Minang, Sonya Dewi, Beria Leimona, Lalisa Duguma, Nathanaël Pingault, and Alexandre Meybeck. "People-Centric Nature-Based Land Restoration through Agroforestry: A Typology." Land 9, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080251.
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Restoration depends on purpose and context. At the core it entails innovation to halt ongoing and reverse past degradation. It aims for increased functionality, not necessarily recovering past system states. Location-specific interventions in social-ecological systems reducing proximate pressures, need to synergize with transforming generic drivers of unsustainable land use. After reviewing pantropical international research on forests, trees, and agroforestry, we developed an options-by-context typology. Four intensities of land restoration interact: R.I. Ecological intensification within a land use system, R.II. Recovery/regeneration, within a local social-ecological system, R.III. Reparation/recuperation, requiring a national policy context, R.IV. Remediation, requiring international support and investment. Relevant interventions start from core values of human identity while addressing five potential bottlenecks: Rights, Know-how, Markets (inputs, outputs, credit), Local Ecosystem Services (including water, agrobiodiversity, micro/mesoclimate) and Teleconnections (global climate change, biodiversity). Six stages of forest transition (from closed old-growth forest to open-field agriculture and re-treed (peri)urban landscapes) can contextualize interventions, with six special places: water towers, riparian zone and wetlands, peat landscapes, small islands and mangroves, transport infrastructure, and mining scars. The typology can help to link knowledge with action in people-centric restoration in which external stakeholders coinvest, reflecting shared responsibility for historical degradation and benefits from environmental stewardship.
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Maund, Irvine, Reeves, Strong, Cromie, Dallimer, and Davies. "Wetlands for Wellbeing: Piloting a Nature-Based Health Intervention for the Management of Anxiety and Depression." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 4413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224413.
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Nature-based health interventions (NBIs) for the treatment of poor mental health are becoming increasingly common, yet evidence to support their effectiveness is lacking. We conduct a pilot study of a six-week intervention, aiming to engage individuals with wetland nature for the treatment of anxiety and/or depression. We employed a mixed methods design, using questionnaires, focus groups and semi-structured interviews to evaluate the intervention from the perspective of participants (n = 16) and healthcare professionals (n = 2). Results demonstrate significant improvements in mental health across a range of indicators, including mental wellbeing (Warwick and Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7), stress (Perceived Stress Scale) and emotional wellbeing (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule). Participants and healthcare professionals cited additional outcomes including improved physical health and reduced social isolation. The wetland site provided a sense of escape from participants’ everyday environments, facilitating relaxation and reductions in stress. Wetland staff knowledge of the natural world, transportation and group organisation also played a considerable role in the intervention’s success. These aspects should be considered in future and existing NBIs to maximise benefits to participants. We propose NBIs based in wetlands are an effective therapy option for individuals diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression.
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Pretty, Jules, and Jo Barton. "Nature-Based Interventions and Mind–Body Interventions: Saving Public Health Costs Whilst Increasing Life Satisfaction and Happiness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 7769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217769.
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A number of countries have begun to adopt prevention pays policies and practices to reduce pressure on health and social care systems. Most affluent countries have seen substantial increases in the incidence and costs of non-communicable diseases. The interest in social models for health has led to the growth in use of social prescribing and psychological therapies. At the same time, there has been growth in application of a variety of nature-based and mind–body interventions (NBIs and MBIs) aimed at improving health and longevity. We assess four NBI/MBI programmes (woodland therapy, therapeutic horticulture, ecotherapy/green care, and tai chi) on life satisfaction/happiness and costs of use of public services. These interventions produce rises in life satisfaction/happiness of 1.00 pts to 7.29 (n = 644; p < 0.001) (for courses or participation >50 h). These increases are greater than many positive life events (e.g., marriage or a new child); few countries or cities see +1 pt increases over a decade. The net present economic benefits per person from reduced public service use are £830–£31,520 (after 1 year) and £6450–£11,980 (after 10 years). We conclude that NBIs and MBIs can play a role in helping to reduce the costs on health systems, while increasing the well-being of participants.
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Greenwell, Kate, and Derek J. Hoare. "Use and Mediating Effect of Interactive Design Features in Audiology Rehabilitation and Self-Management Internet-Based Interventions." American Journal of Audiology 25, no. 3S (October 2016): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_aja-16-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the presence of key interactive design features across Internet-based audiology rehabilitation and self-management interventions, and whether there is evidence of them mediating effects of the intervention. Method Adult audiology interventions relevant to this review were identified through a literature search in Google Scholar and a hand search of key journals. Four key interactive design features that have been proposed to mediate the effects of Internet-based health interventions were reported for each intervention: social context and support, contacts with the intervention, tailoring, and self-management. Results Five interventions were identified as representative examples of work in the field. Social context and support and contacts with the intervention were provided in most interventions, mainly through clinician guidance. Only 1 intervention utilized tailoring to personalize intervention content to individual users, but use was minimal. Self-management features were also used in all interventions but the precise nature of these features was poorly reported. Conclusion Future studies should assess the optimal dose and combinations of intervention features for maximizing efficacy in audiology intervention. To be specific, the role of tailoring should be explored, which has been identified as a potential mediator of intervention outcome in the wider e-health literature.
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Michie, Susan, Andrew Prestwich, and Marijn de Bruin. "Importance of the nature of comparison conditions for testing theory-based interventions: Reply." Health Psychology 29, no. 5 (2010): 468–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020844.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Nature-based interventions"
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Bragg, Rachel. "Nature-based interventions for mental wellbeing and sustainable behaviour : the potential for green care in the UK." Thesis, University of Essex, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635893.
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Tackling major public health issues such as rising inactivity levels, mental ill-health and social isolation, together with environmental concerns that people are increasingly disconnected from nature, are high priorities for the UK. Exploring effective approaches is paramount as there is a growing recognition that the health and wellbeing of people and of nature are inextricably linked. Evidence increasingly shows that exposure to the natural environment positively affects physical health and mental wellbeing and increases the desire to protect nature.
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Nyquist, Sophia. ""Vi är ju en del av det hela liksom, vi tror att vi kan ställa oss på sidan om, men vi kan inte det." : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om anordnares upplevelse av att arbeta med lantbruksbaserade insatser." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84351.
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Agriculture-based interventions fall under the umbrella of nature-based interventions, meaning social and care interventions such as rehabilitation, habilitation and daily activities in conjunction with animals and/or nature. The purpose of the study was to examine Grön Arena-organizers' experiences working in green care based on the questions of "what makes one choose to work in green care?" and "which factors encourage and inhibit organizer motivation in their work with green care?". During march of 2021, eight semistructured interviews were performed on the subject. The transcribed material was then analyzed with thematic analysis. A total of three themes were identified: Humanitarian action, Resistance and obstacles with the two sub-themes (Negative attitudes and experiences as well as Economics and politics), and Conviction in method. The results of the study shows the presence of both significant motivational and demotivational factors that affect the drive and motivation of the organizers. A need for the organizers to help and work with other people became clear, as did a desire to be closer to nature and animals. Furthermore, a deep-seated belief in the healing bond between humans and nature was a central and recurring motivational theme. On the other hand is a sense of external resistance springing from a lack of public knowledge about green care initiatives, as well as assumptions surrounding organizers' motives in opening green care facilities, coupled with difficulties of economic sustainability and reliability. The study shows that there is room for further research into the nature of these initiatives, as well as significant potential for these types of interventions to complement a traditional care model going forward.Lantbruksbaserade insatser går in under paraplybegreppet naturbaserade insatser som innebär att sociala och vårdande insatser som rehabilitering, habilitering, daglig verksamhet kombineras med djur och/eller natur. Studiens syfte var att utforska anordnare inom Grön Arenas upplevelse av att arbeta med grön omsorg utifrån frågeställningarna "varför arbetar man med grön omsorg? samt "vilka faktorer främjar och hämmar anordnares motivation i arbetet med grön omsorg?". Sammanlagt genomfördes åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer i mars 2021. Transkriberat material analyserades utifrån metoden tematisk analys. Totalt tre teman identifierades: Humanitärt intresse, Motkrafter och hinder med två underteman (Negativa attityder och erfarenheter, Ekonomi och politik) och Övertygelse om metod. Resultatet visar att det förekommer både motiverande och demotiverande faktorer som påverkar anordnares drivkraft och motivation. En stark vilja att arbeta med och för människor framträdde tillsammans med en önskan om närhet till djur och natur som positiva motivationsfaktorer. Vidare beskrevs en tilltro till det band som finns mellan människa och naturen och de fördelar som kommer med detta band. Demotiverande var det upplevda yttre motstånd som låg kring en liten kännedom om fenomenet grön omsorg, negativa uppfattningar kring anordnares motivation till att starta en grön omsorgsverksamhet och en viss svårighet kring stabilitet gällande grön omsorg som inkomstkälla. Studien visar att det finns utrymme för utökad forskning kring området och en stor framtidspotential för konceptet som komplement till sedvanlig vård.
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Eriksson, Karolina. "Sammanhanget och naturen : En intervjustudie med seniorer i en intervention under covid-19-pandemin." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448056.
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Seniorer är en utsatt grupp under covid-19-pandemin då de riskerar att drabbas av allvarlig sjukdom eller död till följd av covid-19. Samtidigt innebär de restriktioner som har införts för att skydda mot covid-19 stora förändringar i människors vardag och riskerar att påverka den psykiska likväl som den fysiska hälsan negativt. Naturen påverkar däremot hälsan positivt på en rad olika sätt och människan tenderar att återhämta sig mer gynnsamt i kontakt med naturen. Naturen kan även utgöra en resurs för att hantera stress under en kris på ett bättre sätt. Den salutogena teorin känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) med delarna begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet, Attention Restoration Theory samt Supportive Environment Theory har använts som teoretiska ramverk i studien. Träffpunkten flyttar ut var en intervention med syfte att öka förekomsten av enkla friluftsaktiviteter i närnatur bland seniorer med mål att främja hälsan. I studien har tolv seniorer som deltog i träffpunkter förlagda utomhus deltagit i en semistrukturerad intervju. Materialet har analyserats med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Resultatet visar att seniorerna påverkades positivt socialt, fysiskt och psykiskt på ett holistiskt sätt genom interventionen, att naturen hade en gynnsam effekt för välmående och slutligen att seniorerna hade olika förhållningssätt i pandemin. Förhållningssätten utgjordes av inre och yttre strategier där samhörighet och sysselsättning framkom som yttre strategier där träffpunkten hade en betydande roll. Implikationen är att interventioner som använder naturen som arena kan utgöra en preventiv och hälsofrämjande åtgärd för seniorer som är betydelsefull för att främja folkhälsan i en kris såsom covid-19-pandemin.Seniors are a vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic as they are at risk of suffering from serious illness or death from COVID-19. At the same time, the restrictions that have been introduced to protect against COVID-19 have implied major changes in people's everyday lives and risk affecting the mental as well as the physical health negatively. Nature has a positive effect on health in various ways and humans tend to recover more favorably in contact with nature. Nature can also be a resource for dealing with stress during a crisis. The salutogenic theory Sense of Coherence (SOC) including the aspects of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness, has been used as a theoretical framework in the study. Twelve semi-structured interviews have been carried out with seniors who participated in meeting places outdoors. The material has been analyzed with a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The results show that the seniors were influenced positively socially, physically, and mentally in a holistic way through the intervention. Furthermore, it emerged that nature has a beneficial effect for well-being and that different attitudes emerged in the pandemic among the seniors. The attitudes consisted of internal and external strategies where cohesion and carrying out activities emerged as external strategies where the meeting point had a significant role. The implication is that interventions using nature as an arena can constitute a preventive and health-promoting measure for seniors that is important for improving public health in a crisis such as COVID-19 pandemic.
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Dibert, Jennifer Lisa. "Creating Meaning for People Living with Dementia through Nature: Exploring the Process of Bird Tales." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438280273.
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Venter, Tania. "The nature of a drama-based program for young first offenders in South Africa / Tania Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/529.
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The increasing tendency of youth getting involved in crime, globally as well as in
South Africa is an indication of the comprehensive problem and the duty that is
resting upon professionals dealing with the youth. It is therefore important that in
South Africa attention will be given to the young first offender. Various intervention
methods such as drama-based intervention can be used as service delivery for the
young first offender.
Drama based intervention hold various therapeutic values for the young first offender.
This program can make use of various methods for intervention such as, dance,
movement and theatre. The objectives of the program, the need of the participants as
well as the background of each individual participant are determining the choice of
the intervention method. A drama-based intervention program was used for the
study.
The aim of this study was to examine the nature of a drama-based intervention for
young first offenders.
The aims were to:
• Through an intensive literature study the various intervention methods was
studied. The finding of the literature study was that the involvement of the
first young offender within any creative activity has a lasting effect on the
social development of the client resulting in a decrease in anti-social
behaviour such as crime. Experimental exercises that is based on social
learning-; role- and cognitive-behavioural theory are very effective in working
with young people
• To develop, implement and evaluate a drama-based intervention program
through an intensive literature study and empirical research. This program
needs to focus on the decreasing and prevention of recidivism with young first
offenders. This goal was achieved as the program was developed according to
guidelines of the GEESE theatre, which was adapted for South-African
circumstances. The program was implemented and evaluated with a group of
seven young first offenders. The research showed that the most effective
intervention program for young first offenders should be more experimental
and based upon creative arts, rather than a structured goal-oriented program,
creating opportunities for in-depth exploration of the inner self. The program
would then also help the respondent to develop resiliency by building on
protective factors, identifying risk factors and developing skills to manage
factors such as low self esteem, family relations, peer pressure and poverty.Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Järpeskog, Timo M. "Hyperrealitet, perceptionsfenomenologi och relationsinramning : Prövandet av en teoretisk förklaringsmodell med utgångspunkt från en kritisk undersökning av forskning om naturens läkande egenskaper." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Religionsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-27284.
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Denna masteruppsats diskuterar naturens läkande effekt på människan genom att analysera nuvarande forskningsläge i både svenskt och internationellt perspektiv. Analysen förstås genom en teoretisk modell som baserar sig på ekologisk perceptionsfenomenologi, hyperrealitet och relationsinramning. Uppsatsens slutsats är att naturens läkande effekt kan förklaras med en perceptiv relation mellan människan och den mer-än-mänskliga världen, men också, att mer forskning behövs.This master thesis discusses the healing properties of nature on the human being through an analysis of current Swedish and international research. The analysis is made by using a theoretical model based on ecological perception phenomenology, hyperreality and relational frame theory. The conclusion of the thesis is that the healing properties of nature may be explained by the perceptive relation between the human being and the more-than-human world, but also that more research is needed.
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Ahlstedt, Emelie, and Jill Christensson. "Djurens och naturens betydelse i arbetsterapeutiska interventioner : Arbetsterapeuters upplevelser av djur- och/eller naturunderstödd rehabilitering för personer med stressrelaterad ohälsa." Thesis, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53093.
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Syftet var att beskriva arbetsterapeuters upplevelser av djur- och/eller naturunderstödd rehabilitering i arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för personer med stressrelaterad ohälsa. Metoden var av kvalitativ design med ett induktivt angreppssätt. Ett avsiktligt urval i kombination med ett snöbollsurval användes vid rekrytering av deltagare. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av tio arbetsterapeuter i Sverige. Datainsamling genomfördes med hjälp av individuella semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dataanalys utfördes med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet mynnade ut i ett övergripande tema: Djuren och naturens betydelse för rehabilitering av stressrelaterad ohälsa. Fem kategorier identifierades: Djurens och naturens lugnande effekt, Medveten närvaro, Kravlös rehabilitering, Aktivitetsbalans och Naturens symboliska betydelse, med tillhörande 13 underkategorier. Slutsatsen som drogs var att arbetsterapeuterna upplevde att medverkan av djur och/eller natur i arbetsterapeutiska interventioner var effektivt vid rehabilitering av stressrelaterad ohälsa. Resultatet indikerade att djuren och naturen hjälper patienterna att bli lugnare, komma ner i varv och att vara medvetet närvarande. Genomgående vittnade arbetsterapeuterna om djurens och naturens positiva inverkan på patienternas hälsa och tillfrisknande.The purpose was to describe occupational therapists' experiences of animal- and/or nature-based rehabilitation for people with stress related illness. The Method was of qualitative design with an inductive approach. A purposive sampling in combination with a snowball sampling was used when recruiting participants. The study group was based on ten occupational therapists in Sweden. Collection of data was implemented by individual semi structured interviews. Data analysis was performed with a qualitative content analysis. The result culminated into a theme: The importance of animal and nature in rehabilitation for people with stress related illness. Five categories where identified: The calming effect of the animals and nature, Mindfulness, Unpretentious rehabilitation, Occupational balance, The symbolic significance of nature, with associated 13 subcategories. The conclusion drawn was that occupational therapists experienced that the participation of animal and/or nature in occupational interventions was effective in rehabilitation of stress related illness. The result indicated that the animal and nature help the patients to calm down, unwind and being conscionably present. Pervading the occupational therapists described that the animal and nature have positive effects on the patients' health and recovery.
Books on the topic "Nature-based interventions"
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Hörnqvist, Magnus. The organised nature of power: On productive and repressive interventiions based on considerations of risk. Stockholm: Stockholm University, 2007.
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Gallagher, Shaun. Enactivist Interventions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794325.001.0001.
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Enactivist Interventions explores central issues in the contemporary debates about embodied cognition, addressing interdisciplinary questions about intentionality, representation, affordances, the role of affect, and the problems of perception and cognitive penetration, action and free will, higher-order cognition, and intersubjectivity. It argues for a rethinking of the concept of mind, drawing on pragmatism, phenomenology, and cognitive science. It interprets enactivism as a philosophy of nature that has significant methodological and theoretical implications for the scientific investigation of the mind. Enactivist Interventions argues that, like the basic phenomena of perception and action, sophisticated cognitive phenomena like reflection, imagining, and mathematical reasoning are best explained in terms of an affordance-based skilled coping. It thus argues for a continuity that runs between basic action, affectivity, and a rationality that in every case remains embodied. It also discusses recent predictive models of brain function and outlines an alternative, enactivist interpretation that emphasizes the close coupling of brain, body, and environment rather than a strong boundary that isolates the brain in its internal processes. The extensive relational dynamics that integrates the brain with the extra-neural body opens into an environment that is physical, social, and cultural and that recycles back into the enactive process. Cognitive processes are in the world, situated in affordance spaces defined across evolutionary, developmental, and individual histories, and are constrained by affective processes and normative dimensions of social and cultural practices.
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Reinares, María. Psychotherapeutic interventions for bipolar disorder. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198748625.003.0012.
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The recurrent nature of bipolar disorder (BD), and the high morbidity and mortality associated with the illness advocate for an integrative treatment in which medication is complemented with psychological approaches. This chapter explores the role of adjunctive psychotherapy in BD. The most commonly tested psychological treatments have been cognitive-behavioural therapy, psychoeducation, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, and family intervention. Functional remediation represents a new option for patients with functional impairment. Most findings indicate the benefits of adjunctive psychological treatments to improve the outcomes of BD. Controversial results have also been found, highlighting the need for a better identification of treatment moderators and mediators to design interventions tailored to the target population. Recently, cognitive remediation, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing have begun to be tested, as well as Internet-based psychological interventions, but it is too early to draw conclusions about their efficacy.
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Davis, Mary C., Chung Jung Mun, Dhwani Kothari, Shannon Moore, Crys Rivers, Kirti Thummala, and Giulia Weyrich. The Nature and Adaptive Implications of Pain-Affect Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0013.
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Because pain is in part an affective experience, investigators over the past several decades have sought to elaborate the nature of pain-affect connections. Our evolving understanding of the intersection of pain and affect is especially relevant to intervention efforts designed to enhance the quality of life and functional health of individuals managing chronic pain. This chapter describes how pain influences arousal of the vigilance/defensive and appetitive/approach motivational systems and thus the affective health of chronic pain patients. The focus then moves to the dynamic relations between changes in pain and other stressors and changes in positive and negative affect as observed in daily life and laboratory-based experiments. A consensus emerges that sustaining positive affect during pain and stress flares may limit their detrimental effects and promote better functional health. The authors consider the implications of increased understanding of the dynamic interplay between pain and affective experience for enhancing existing interventions.
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Gupta, Mona. Ethical Issues in Evidence-Based Psychiatry. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Werdie (C W. ). van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732372.013.10.
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First appearing in the published medical literature in 1992, evidence-based medicine (EBM) promotes a seemingly irrefutable principle: that clinical decision-making should be based, as much as possible, on the most up-to-date research findings. Nowhere has this idea been more welcome than in psychiatry, a field whose practices continue to be dogged by a legacy of controversial clinical interventions. For advocates, anchoring psychiatric practice in research data makes psychiatry more scientifically valid (meaning more accurate and value-neutral) and, as a result, more ethically legitimate. But because EBM makes certain assumptions about the nature of disease and treatment that may not apply to psychiatric disorders, it has also provoked vigorous debate in the field. This debate illustrates that rather than being value-neutral, EBM brings its own ethical values into practice. Are these the right values for psychiatry? The goal of this chapter is to stimulate reflection about this question.
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Breitbart, William S., ed. Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy in the Cancer Setting. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199837229.001.0001.
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There is an evolution taking place regarding the nature and scope of the clinical goals of psychotherapeutic or counseling interventions in the palliative care setting. Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy in the Cancer Setting provides a theoretical context for meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP), a nonpharmacologic intervention that has been shown to enhance meaning and spiritual well-being, increase hope, improve quality of life, and significantly decrease depression, anxiety, desire for hastened death, and symptom burden distress in the cancer setting. Based on the work of Viktor Frankl and his concept of logotherapy, MCP is an innovative intervention for clinicians practicing in fields of psycho-oncology, palliative care, bereavement, and cancer survivorship. This resource contains chapters on adapting MCP for different cancer-related populations and for different purposes and clinical problems, including interventions for cancer survivors, caregivers of cancer patients, adolescents and young adults with cancer, as a bereavement intervention, and cultural and linguistic applications in languages such as Mandarin, Spanish, and Hebrew.
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Puchalski, Christina M., and Patricia A. Bloom. Spirituality and Mind–Body Medicine in Geriatrics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190466268.003.0009.
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As people age, the mind and spirit become increasingly important factors in the multidimensional nature of health and illness. Spirituality in health care focuses on the inner life of people and how they find meaning, purpose, and connectedness to the significant or sacred. Mind–body medicine seeks to understand the interconnectedness of the mind and body and to use interventions that promote wellness based on that interconnection. This chapter gives an overview of spiritual care in geriatric care, including the assessment of spiritual distress in aging and dying, with appropriate interventions. Mindfulness-based interventions that are particularly relevant for older adults are also discussed.
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Fox, Gregory H. Intervention by Invitation. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0038.
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This chapter examines the debate concerning a state’s intervention in internal armed conflicts based on invitation, either from the government or from a rebel group fighting against the government. It looks at the issues that arise from intervention by invitation, particularly those relating to the territorial integrity of the state, the status of the actors involved, the nature of the consent, and implications for international law in general and for politics and human rights in particular. The chapter first considers the traditional view of intervention by invitation and the recent challenges to that view. It then discusses the negative equality principle as it applies to intervention in civil wars, as well as the link between intervention by invitation and democratic legitimacy. It also analyses the position of the UN Security Council on intervention by invitation.
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Baumann, Ana A., Leopoldo J. Cabassa, and Shannon Wiltsey Stirman. Adaptation in Dissemination and Implementation Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0017.
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This chapter focuses on adaptations in the context of dissemination and implementation research and practice. Consistent with the existing literature, the authors recommend that adaptations be proactively and iteratively determined, strongly informed by a variety of stakeholders, and that efforts be made to carefully describe and document the nature of the adaptations and evaluate their impact on desired service, health, and implementation outcomes. While this chapter focuses on adaptations to interventions and the context of practice, the authors also note that adaptations may need to be made to implementation strategies. Following the call by Proctor and colleagues for further precision in defining and operationalizing implementation strategies, and based on evidence that scholars are not necessarily reporting what and how they are adapting the interventions, scholars are urged to define and evaluate the adaptations they are making not only to the interventions and context of practice but also to the implementation strategies.
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Judge, Abigail M., and Robin M. Deutsch, eds. Overcoming Parent-Child Contact Problems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190235208.001.0001.
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This book focuses on family-based interventions for the continuum of parent–child problems, including affinity, alignment, justified rejection, alienation, and hybrid cases. Reintegration therapy is often recommended for families with these dynamics, but relatively limited clinical writing and virtually no program evaluation data exist to inform the selection of interventions. This book helps fill this gap. In Part I, the authors review a range of topics related to this specialized area of practice: assessment and clinical decision-making, the state of research evidence for outpatient treatment, and special clinical topics such as the management of countertransference among professional teams and the use of experiential therapies to overcome treatment resistance. Part II highlights one whole-family, psychoeducational approach to parent–child contact problems known as the Overcoming Barriers approach. Founders of this program and affiliated clinicians explicate components of this model in chapters on its therapeutic milieu; psychoeducational groups for rejected parents, favored parents, and children; and coparenting and parent–child interventions. The translation of model components to outpatient practice is also discussed, and program evaluation data are presented. Authors emphasize the evolving nature of this one approach, including areas of overlap with other family interventions, and highlight lessons learned from this innovative program.
Book chapters on the topic "Nature-based interventions"
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Stigsdotter, Ulrika K., Anna Maria Palsdottir, Ambra Burls, Alessandra Chermaz, Francesco Ferrini, and Patrik Grahn. "Nature-Based Therapeutic Interventions." In Forests, Trees and Human Health, 309–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9806-1_11.
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MacIntyre, Tadhg E., Christopher Gidlow, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Méliné Baronian, Marcus Collier, Susan Gritzka, and Giles Warrington. "Nature-based solutions and interventions in cities." In Physical Activity in Natural Settings, 335–48. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315180144-18.
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Dubey, Pradeep Kumar, Ajeet Singh, Rajan Chaurasia, and P. C. Abhilash. "Climate Adaptive Agricultural Interventions for Food, Nutritional, Health and Livelihood Security." In Nature-based Solutions for Resilient Ecosystems and Societies, 267–88. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4712-6_16.
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Lopes, Tiago, and Francisco Silva. "Visitation management at natural peri-urban areas: nature tourism reflexes." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 148–63. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0148.
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Abstract Through empirical research conducted in a set of peri-urban natural areas in Portugal, this chapter relates specific features of pertinent management models employed in these territories, as well as the insights and feedback of their visitors. This approach identifies a set of interventions within nature tourism planning and management which appear to contribute to boosting the resilience, competitiveness and sustainability of these areas.
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Lopes, Tiago, and Francisco Silva. "Visitation management at natural peri-urban areas: nature tourism reflexes." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 148–63. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0012.
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Abstract Through empirical research conducted in a set of peri-urban natural areas in Portugal, this chapter relates specific features of pertinent management models employed in these territories, as well as the insights and feedback of their visitors. This approach identifies a set of interventions within nature tourism planning and management which appear to contribute to boosting the resilience, competitiveness and sustainability of these areas.
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Skibins, Jeffrey C. "The infinite visit: a unifying temporal/spatial framework for visitor management." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 21–33. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0021.
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Abstract This chapter proposes the 'infinite visit': a new multidimensional, multi-theoretical framework for visitor management that is responsive to the influence of social media, inclusive of non-visitors and able to respond to real-time changes. The infinite visit represents a foundational shift in the role of the visitor and theoretical and practical applications of visitor management frameworks. An infinite visit framework proposes that visitors become partners in mission with management agencies. In so doing, they become co-creators of conservation outcomes. This aligns with emerging data that support visitors prioritizing conservation over entertainment. A multi-theoretical approach can better facilitate contextually appropriate visitor management interventions within a unified strategic conservation plan.
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Skibins, Jeffrey C. "The infinite visit: a unifying temporal/spatial framework for visitor management." In Managing visitor experiences in nature-based tourism, 21–33. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245714.0003.
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Abstract This chapter proposes the 'infinite visit': a new multidimensional, multi-theoretical framework for visitor management that is responsive to the influence of social media, inclusive of non-visitors and able to respond to real-time changes. The infinite visit represents a foundational shift in the role of the visitor and theoretical and practical applications of visitor management frameworks. An infinite visit framework proposes that visitors become partners in mission with management agencies. In so doing, they become co-creators of conservation outcomes. This aligns with emerging data that support visitors prioritizing conservation over entertainment. A multi-theoretical approach can better facilitate contextually appropriate visitor management interventions within a unified strategic conservation plan.
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Benjumea, Diana, and Agnieszka Olszewska-Guizzo. "Coping with Extreme Circumstances Through Community-Led Local Nature Interventions: A Science-Based Policy Analysis." In Urban Health and Wellbeing Programme, 57–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6036-5_10.
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Martire, Lynn M., Rachel C. Hemphill, and Courtney A. Polenick. "Harnessing the power of the marital relationship to improve illness management: Considerations for couple-based interventions." In Couple relationships in the middle and later years: Their nature, complexity, and role in health and illness., 325–44. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14897-017.
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David, Lee. "Low intensity CBT interventions by general practitioners." In Oxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions, 347–56. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199590117.003.0036.
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Chapter 36 looks at the ways that GPs and other primary care health professionals can use a LI CBT intervention within their existing practice. The nature of GP-patient relationships offers a unique opportunity for implementing CBT-based approaches in ‘bite-sized’ chunks to a large group of patients. This includes patients who may not wish to attend ‘formal’ therapy, as well as those on waiting lists or experiencing relapses of symptoms following standard CBT interventions. LI CBT can be used as an alternative or in addition to prescribing medication
Conference papers on the topic "Nature-based interventions"
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Drozdova, Alla, and Natalia Stepanova. "Private/Public Space of New Media." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-51.
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Today, we have a situation that the new media environment has reshaped our conception of reality while changing social spaces, modes of existence, and the functional mechanisms of the private sphere. In the space of new media, the boundary between privacy and publicity is redefined with the emergence of multiple network communities having become a subject of observation and evaluation, collective discussions, and even third party interventions. In the current situation, the privacy/publicity boundary can be defined both through the societal/the individual, and through such concepts as visible/invisible. The new media era sees the personification of online publicness, therefore the very sphere of private life gets consumed by the public sphere open both for being discussed and for being controlled by the government, market, and advertisement. The public sphere has fallen under the power of certain private/vested interests, which only transiently become common, coinciding with the interests of other groups, but not the public sphere. The ambivalent nature of new media, while based on personalisation and filtration, obviously determines the ambiguous and controversial relationship of the public and the private. Thus, the private not only reflects, but also represents the public, whereas the public implements privacy up to its inherent special intimate atmosphere and intonation. This fast-changing virtual reality requires the development of conceptual tools for analysing new content and forms of social and personal life, one of which is the relationship between publicity and privacy.
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Pucci, Alessandro, Hélder S. Sousa, Mario Lucio Puppio, Linda Giresini, José C. Matos, and Mauro Sassu. "Method for sustainable large-scale bridges survey." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1034.
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<p>In the last years, extreme rainfalls have caused many collapses of bridges. In Italy several of those were short span’s ones that failed during or after extreme events of this nature. This work presents a method for inspection survey and its results regarding a campaign on 71 bridges, located in Tuscany (Massa Carrara, Italy). This area was affected by a big flood that took place in 2014 and also two earlier ones in 2012 with only 15 days apart one from the other, leading to a huge disrupting situation for the population’s daily life and consequent economical loss. Concerning this issue, the local stakeholders showed an increasing interest for sustainable methods for monitoring the built environment, thus the results of this research have been made available for integration on the Civil Protection Emergency Plan (CLE) and can be used in a decision-making prioritization list of actions. The framework uses a Gis- based approach combined with a quick survey technique. This method balances costs of surveying with the accuracy needed in inspections, bypassing the classical procedure which requires several onsite surveys. This procedure uses only three transversal river sections for each bridge. The method also comprises a tailored survey inspection form and a user-friendly worksheet was designed to build the database, applicable for further studies. Results showed the absence of maintenance on existing structures and riverbeds, often resulting in a partially or fully bridge section obstruction, and material’s decay. The framework created in this work allowed to assess the conditions of several bridges in the studied region, to further analyse the resilience of the infrastructure system and proceed with adequate interventions.</p>
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Giacomelli, Enzo, Jun-Xia Shi, and Fabio Manfrone. "Considerations on Design, Operation and Performance of Hypercompressors." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25040.
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The production of LDPE may require huge power, heavy-duty reciprocating compressors, provided with opposite cylinders and special frames to withstand the loads, deriving from the operating pressures. In many new projects larger capacities and higher performance requirements, renew the challenge of engineers to handle the mechanical, thermodynamic, chemical-physical, process and operational aspects. Safety, performance, operation and reliability are usual expectations needing a thorough evaluation of the service and the machine selection is based on positive results in similar applications. Valve, packing and cylinder performance is noticeably influenced by the design, operation and maintenance activities. The cylinders are compound pressure vessels, excluded by design codes, but their design and construction have to consider the extreme internal pressures and the nature of the process gas. The ability to withstand the high fatigue stresses and the need to avoid any leakage of gas around the compressor area implies solutions to minimize such occurrences including abnormal operations and emergencies. The design must foresee all possible failure modes of each component, to have safe and smooth operation. Innovative methods of simulation and modeling, like FEA, CFD, and others, are very important tools for the design of cylinder components. Valves are simulated by mathematical models optimizing performance and ensuring reliable operation, to reach a correct mechanical behavior with minimum energy consumption. The available technological improvements are taken as a base, resulting from the R&D of manufacturers and long experience of End Users. Also the pulsation and related vibration of the piping have to be investigated to keep the plant in operation without hazard. The operation is the stage where all the parameters have to be kept under control and incipient problems have to be identified to minimize shut down and arrange various maintenance works. Automation systems, together with new monitoring and diagnostic systems, allow very high safety levels, availability and optimized maintenance interventions.
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Amin, Latif. "Difficulties in issuing the constitution of the Kurdistan Region." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp181-190.
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The Constitution is the basic law and from it all authorities derive their powers and the legitimacy of their actions, through which the form of the state, its government, its system of governance, the nature of authorities, their competencies, the relations between them, and their limits are determined, in addition to determining the rights of citizens: individuals and groups, and ensuring the performance of these rights for them. It is the right of any region or state in the federal state to have a constitution, and in the Kurdistan region it was possible to establish a constitution for the region since 1992 after the issuance of the federal statement by the Parliament of Kurdistan, which decided to define the right of the Kurds to disobey as a formula for peaceful coexistence in federalism, but this was not done, Since the issuance of the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 and its entry into force in 2006 and its recognition of the Kurdistan Region as a region within federal Iraq, the region should have drawn up its constitution based on the provisions of Article 120 of the Constitution. Undoubtedly, there are several internal and regional reasons and obstacles that stand in the way of the enactment of the constitution in the most valuable of them - There is no single supreme authority in the region, but there are two authorities, one in Erbil and the other in Sulaymaniyah, both of whom consider themselves equal to the other The regional impact represented by the interventions of the two neighboring countries, Iran and TurkeThe absence of the mentality of the statesmen, but the mentality of the men of power and the party, and looking at the constitution from a narrow hierarchical perspective. In order for the region to have a good constitution, these obstacles must be removedy
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Liu, Zhanke, Steven M. Tipton, and Dinesh Sukumar. "Latest Development in Physics-Based Modeling of Coiled Tubing Plasticity and Fatigue." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204421-ms.
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Abstract Coiled tubing (CT) integrity is critical for well intervention operations in the field. To monitor and manage tubing integrity, the industry has developed a number of computer models over the past decades. Among them, low-cycle fatigue (LCF) modeling plays a paramount role in safeguarding tubing integrity. LCF modeling of CT strings dates back to the 1980s. Recently, novel algorithms have contributed to developments in physics-based modeling of tubing fatigue and plasticity. As CT trips into and out of the well, it goes through bending-straightening cycles under high differential pressure. Such tough conditions lead to low- or ultralow-cycle fatigue, limiting CT useful life. The model proposed in this study is derived from a previous one and based on rigorously derived material parameters to compute the evolution of state variables from a wide range of loading conditions. Through newly formulated plasticity and strain parameters, a physics-based damage model predicts CT fatigue life, along with diametral growth and wall thinning. The revised modeling approach gives results for CT damage accumulation, diametral growth, and wall thinning under realistic field conditions, with experimental validation. For 20 different coiled tubing alloys, it was observed that the model improved in accuracy overall by about 18.8% and consistency by 14.0%, for constant pressure data sets of more than 4,500 data points. The modeling results provide insights into the nonlinear nature of fatigue damage accumulation. This study allowed developing recommendations to guide future analytical modeling and experimental investigations, to summarize theoretical findings in physics-based LCF modeling, and to provide practical guidelines for CT string management in the field. The study provides a fundamental understanding of CT LCF and introduces novel algorithms in plasticity and damage.
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Hamid, Saad, Vikram Unnikrishnan, and Abdulrahman Aljughayman. "Pushing the Boundaries of Plug Milling in Deformed Liners – Best Practices and Lessons Learned." In SPE/ICoTA Well Intervention Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204440-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents a systematic workflow/methodology developed to evaluate the milling operations using coiled tubing to remove frac plugs in a well with deformed liner, post hydraulic fracturing. This paper also presents the challenges encountered during intervention and steps on how they were mitigated. The well was completed by hydraulic fracturing of five stages, each separated by a frac plug. Post stimulation, coiled tubing was mobilized to mill the plugs and provide a full bore to begin production. After spending substantial time while attempting to mill in the initial run, decision was made to POOH and inspect the BHA. It was observed that the mill had significant metal loss on the outer periphery with no damage to the mill face, which thereby concluded the presence of liner damage. A strategy was developed on how to remediate this challenge. Multiple coiled tubing diagnostic runs were performed with real-time coiled tubing capabilities, which included cleanout, camera and caliper runs. Results of each coiled tubing run performed was carefully evaluated to estimate the extent of liner damage. The caliper and video camera runs were important to determine the new reduced ID of the liner. An initial milling attempt with a 3.33" OD mill was performed, which was the smallest size based on the plug manufacturers recommendation. However due to the specific nature of liner damage it could not pass through the restriction. After further discussions, a calculated risk was taken to run with a 3.125" OD mill, which was significantly smaller than the manufacturer's recommendation, and posed an inherent threat of milling through the core of the plug, while leaving the slips intact. This however did not happen, and all four plugs were successfully milled out from the liner, allowing full bore access and well to be flowed back. This paper will act as a guideline on how to design and execute an intervention operation in deformed liners.
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Chanden, Mysore Chandrashekar, J. S. Aadithyaa, P. S. Prakash, and Haridas Bharath. "Machine learning for building extraction and integration of particle swarm optimization with sleuth for urban growth pattern visualization for liveable cities." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/pukd9844.
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Rapidly increasing population and migration from rural areas to nearby urban agglomerations develop tremendous pressure on system of the existing cities without compromising socioeconomic and cultural linkages. Policy interventions, both at global and local scale, have created newer avenues for the researchers to explore real-time solutions for problems world-wide. For instance, the outcome of 2015 United Nations agenda for the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the year 2030 primarily focuses on urbanization issues and probabilistic modelling of future scenarios to obtain a robust alternative for resource utilization and further for maximizing sustainability through land use pattern analysis. This is the clear indication toward the very important role of “ever dormant” urban planning, especially in the case of a rapidly developing country such as India. Remote sensing and geo informatics along with Machine learning can provide extremely relevant information about the pattern change in cities and as input to visualize the future growth pockets. In this context, potential of cellular automata (CA) in urban modelling has been explored by various researchers across the globe. In the recent past, models have been drawing majority of the attention along with geographic CA processes about urban growth and urban sprawl studies. Most recent approaches include optimization of transition rules based on machine learning techniques and evolutionary algorithms that follow nature-inspired mechanism such as Genetic Algorithm, Ant colony optimization, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), simulated annealing, Grey Wolf optimizer etc. Irrespective of any modelling technique, model calibration remains one of the challenging and most crucial steps towards obtaining realistic results. This research communication tries to demonstrate a novel idea of integrating PSO with SLEUTH post calibration of the spatial-temporal footprint of urban growth from the year 1990 to 2017 for Kolkata, a historical megacity of Eastern India. Results were evaluated and validated using statistical fit measuresreveals PSO-SLEUTH performed substantially better compared to traditional Brute Force calibration method (BFM). Another significant development was in terms of computation time of optimized values from days (BFM) to hours (PSO). The study identifies Kolkata region to be sensitive to spread and road gravity coefficients during calibration procedure. Results indicate growth along the transport corridors with multiple agents fuelling the growth. Further, with the aid of high spatial resolution data, buildings were extracted to understand the growth parameters incorporating neural networks. Using the results, renewable energy aspects were explored to harness and provide a suitable local solution for energy issues in energy gobbling cities. Pattern of landscape change, development of better process of modeling and extraction of building from machine learning techniques for planning smart cities with self-sustaining energy is presented in this research work.
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Ghalichi, Narmin Shahin, and Gillian Roehrig. "The Role of Coherent Research-Based Curricular Unit in Mediating Students’ Integrated Vision of Human Impact on the Environment." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5489.
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The ongoing development of the high school ecology curricular unit presented in this proposal is a response to the new tide of educational reforms in the United States. This curricular unit represents an attempt to frame K-12 science curriculum around three dimensions: crosscutting concepts, disciplinary core ideas and scientific practices recently released in the report on a Framework for New K-12 Science Education (National Research Council, 2012). Integration of three dimensions into the development of agriculture-related curricular unit reflects complexity and logic inherent in science education facilitating deeper conceptual understanding. The development of this curricular unit takes place under the initiative of the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded project and explores the efficacy of the agriculture-related unit on students’ integrated vision of the human impact on natural systems. Research project seeks to recognize the characteristics that identify research-based curriculum (Clements, 2007). The interdisciplinary nature of this project has the potential to investigate how close adherence to features identifying research-based curriculum can support the development of coherent curricular unit mediating students’ integrated vision of environmental issues. Mediation results of this nature have larger implications on future efficacy studies of curriculum intervention.
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Lockey, Aaron, and Andy Young. "Predicting Pipeline Performance in Geohazard Areas Using ILI Mapping Techniques." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90496.
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Pipelines that cross mountainous areas are susceptible to ground movement loading from landslides. In-line inspection using inertial mapping tools provides an excellent method of evaluating the current pipeline integrity. A single inspection only gives an indication of the pipeline integrity at a single point in time. Multiple inspections over a period of time can be used to estimate positional change and the nature of the loading process. An essential element of pipeline integrity management in geohazard areas is the ability to determine future performance so that intervention methods are correctly designed and scheduled and resources are efficiently administered. This requires the reliable prediction of the future development of pipeline integrity based on trends in the mapping data from multiple inspections. The approach developed by the authors to predict the future integrity of pipelines affected by ground movements is set out in this paper. It involves inertial mapping data from multiple inspections and calculates future strains in the pipeline using finite element analysis. Unlike methods based on interpreting inspection data alone, the finite element model includes the effects of soil-pipe interaction and axial pipeline stress together with the operational loads to provide a more complete assessment of pipeline integrity. The method is illustrated through the use of a case study.
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Libin, Alexander V. "Integrated disciplines and future competencies: A blueprint for ethically aligned curriculum for IT, CS, ITC & beyond." In Sixth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head20.2020.11241.
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Autonomous and intelligent technical systems are specifically designed to reduce the necessity for human intervention in our daily lives. In so doing, these new computer-based systems are also raising concerns about their impact on individuals and society. Because of their innovative nature, the full benefit will be obtained only if the technology is aligned with society's defined values guided by ethical principles. Through the proposed ethically aligned curriculum (ETHIKA) for computer sciences (CS) and information technology (IT) specialties we intend, therefore, to establish frameworks to guide and inform dialogue and debate around the non-technical implications, in particular related to ethical dilemmas. Hereby we understand "ethical" to go beyond universal moral constructs, such as trust, harm, good or bad, and include ethical designs for AI-based technologies, socially-oriented computer sciences, and ethical risks of digital society. As digital economy prospers, more CS/IT-professionals realize the power of education-driven intellectual capacity (InCED). It is hypothesized, that InCED has direct impact on learning competencies of students, warranting future successful management of professional and life ethical challenges. ETHIKA elucidate, through both methodological and experimental inquiries, the impact of global digitalization and related ethical risks on learning and professional competencies in both professional CS/IT-community and the University students.
Reports on the topic "Nature-based interventions"
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Price, Roz. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) – What are They and What are the Barriers and Enablers to Their Use? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.098.
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This rapid review examines literature around Nature-based Solutions (NbS), what are NbS, the pros and cons of NbS, design and implementation issues (including governance, indigenous knowledge), finance and the enabling environment. The breadth of NbS and the evidence base means that this rapid review only provides a snapshot of the information available, and therefore does not consider all types of NbS, nor all sectors that they have been used in. Considering this limited scope, this report highlights many issues, some of which are that Covid-19 has highlighted the importance of NbS, Pros of NbS include the low cost compared to infrastructure alternatives; the flexibility in addressing multiple climate challenges; potential co-benefits such as better water quality, improved health, cultural benefits, biodiversity conservation. The literature also notes the cons of NbS including slow adaptation or co-benefits, very context specific making effectiveness difficult to measure and many of the benefits are non-monetary and hard to measure. The literature consulted suggest a number of knowledge gaps in the evidence base for NbS effectiveness including lack of: robust and impartial assessments of current NbS experiences; site specific knowledge of field deployment of NbS; timescales over which benefits are seen and experienced; cost-effectiveness of interventions compared to or in conjunction with alternative solutions; and integrated assessments considering broader social and ecological outcomes
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Sampson, James P., Debra S. Osborn, Emily Bullock-Yowell, Janet G. Lenz, Gary W. Peterson, Robert C. Reardon, V. Casey Dozier, Stephen J. Leierer, Seth C. W. Hayden, and Denise E. Saunders. An Introduction to Cognitive Information Processing Theory, Research, and Practice. Florida State University Libraries, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33009/fsu.1593091156.
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The primary purpose of this paper is to introduce essential elements of cognitive information processing (CIP) theory, research, and practice as they existed at the time of this writing. The introduction that follows describes the nature of career choices and career interventions, and the integration of theory, research, and practice. After the introduction, the paper continues with three main sections that include CIP theory related to vocational behavior, research related to vocational behavior and career intervention, and CIP theory related to career interventions. The first main section describes CIP theory, including the evolution of CIP theory, the nature of career problems, theoretical assumptions, the pyramid of information processing domains, the CASVE Cycle, and the use of the pyramid and CASVE cycle. The second main section describes CIP theory-based research in examining vocational behavior and establishing evidence-based practice for CIP theory-based career interventions. The third main section describes CIP theory related to career intervention practice, including theoretical assumptions, readiness for career decision making, readiness for career intervention, the differentiated service delivery model, and critical ingredients of career interventions. The paper concludes with regularly updated sources of information on CIP theory.
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Greenhill, Lucy, Christopher Leakey, and Daniela Diz. Second Workshop report: Mobilising the science community in progessing towards a sustainable and inclusive ocean economy. Scottish Universities Insight Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23693.
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Across the Blue Economy, science must play a fundamental role in moving us away from business as usual to a more sustainable pathway. It provides evidence to inform policy by understanding baselines, trends and tipping points, as well as the multiple and interacting effects of human activities and policy interventions. Measuring progress depends on strong evidence and requires the design of a monitoring framework based on well-defined objectives and indicators, informed by the diverse disciplines required to inform progress on cross-cutting policy objectives such as the Just Transition. The differences between the scientific and policy processes are stark and affect interaction between them, including, among other factors, the time pressures of governmental decision-making, and the lack of support and reward in academia for policy engagement. To enable improved integration, the diverse nature of the science / policy interface is important to recognise – improved communication between scientists and policy professionals within government is important, as well as interaction with the wider academic community through secondments and other mechanisms. Skills in working across boundaries are valuable, requiring training and professional recognition. We also discussed the science needs across the themes of the Just Transition, Sustainable Seafood, Nature-based Solutions and the Circular Economy, where we considered: • What research and knowledge can help us manage synergies and trade-offs? • Where is innovation needed to promote synergies? • What type of indicators, data and evidence are needed to measure progress? The insights developed through dialogue among participants on these themes are outlined in Section 4 of this report.
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Idrissa, Rahmane, and Bethany McGann. Mistrust and Imbalance: The Collapse of Intercommunal Relations and the Rise of Armed Community Mobilization on the Niger-Mali Border. RESOLVE Network, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2021.2.
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The border area of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso is a site of endemic violence. The area is punctuated by anti-state attacks, the targeted killing of traditional chiefs, and attacks on markets and other socioeconomic convening locales that otherwise serve as central mechanisms for the preservation of normalized intercommunal interactions. In addition, foreign military interventions and asymmetric insurgent warfare pit multiple state and non-state actors equipped with heavy weaponry against one another, adding another level of insecurity and threat to local communities. Community-based armed groups (CBAGs) of Fulani and Tuareg ethnicity have aligned themselves with outside actors carrying out operations in the region out of choice, coercion, or in some cases both. Building on other research reports in RESOLVE’s Community-Based Armed Groups Series, this report explores local perceptions regarding the nature and impact of the violence in southwestern Niger. The report provides a summary of understanding of ongoing conflict dynamics from the most impacted communities and an insight on the knowledge and attitudes around actors participating in the violence. It hopes to inform efforts to bring an end to the violence and increase understanding of participating actors.
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John, and A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Forced sexual relations among married young women in developing countries. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1007.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research in developing countries suggests that a considerable number of young women may experience forced sex within marriage, but most women may be inhibited from reporting these experiences due to shame, fear of reprisal, or deep-rooted unequal gender norms. In September 2003, a global consultative meeting on nonconsensual sex among young people in developing countries was held in New Delhi, India. The meeting was organized by the Population Council in collaboration with World Health Organization/Department of Reproductive Health and Research, and Family Health International/YouthNet. Participants included researchers, legal analysts, representatives from community-based NGOs, policy-makers, and young people themselves. Papers highlighting the nature and prevalence of coercion among married young women were presented. Sessions examined the following issues in relation to nonconsensual sex: experiences of young females and males: prevalence, forms, and contexts; youth perspectives; patterns of transactional sex; roles of the legal system; outcomes of coercion at the individual and community level; interventions to prevent nonconsensual sex and to support and treat victims; and research design and methods. Several recommendations for action to address factors that heighten young women’s vulnerability to coercive sexual relationships within marriage were presented.