Journal articles on the topic 'Nature and form of structures'
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Dias, Priyan, and Robert Hahn. "Structural form as an analogical source for structures of nature: two examples." Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v47i3.9348.
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Hewitt, Jason T. "The Identity of Objects: Form & Nature in Digital Museums." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v9i2.308.
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Reconciling Justus Buchler's theory of natural complexes with the Peircean triadic categorial schema, a theory of semiotic radiance is articulated that elaborates the nature of identity with regard to informatic control over objects in a mu- seum collection. The model is deployed in the context of Edwina Taborsky's description of the historical transformation of the cultural syntax of museums. It is argued that the pattern of transformation is not random, but rather follows a specific and recognizable pattern. This pattern is consistent with a general trend in culture, identified by Heidegger, that becomes particularly problematic in its later stages. A theory of the commons derived from Hardt and Negri is articulated that looks to regenerate the space of the museum with regard to its informatic structures in order to renegotiate humanism in terms of a liberation ethic. The rubric of fundamental informatics is borrowed from Toru Nishigaki to describe the inquiry that pursues that end.
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Hewitt, Jason T. "The Identity of Objects: Form & Nature in Digital Museums." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 9, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol9iss2pp520-530.
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Reconciling Justus Buchler's theory of natural complexes with the Peircean triadic categorial schema, a theory of semiotic radiance is articulated that elaborates the nature of identity with regard to informatic control over objects in a mu- seum collection. The model is deployed in the context of Edwina Taborsky's description of the historical transformation of the cultural syntax of museums. It is argued that the pattern of transformation is not random, but rather follows a specific and recognizable pattern. This pattern is consistent with a general trend in culture, identified by Heidegger, that becomes particularly problematic in its later stages. A theory of the commons derived from Hardt and Negri is articulated that looks to regenerate the space of the museum with regard to its informatic structures in order to renegotiate humanism in terms of a liberation ethic. The rubric of fundamental informatics is borrowed from Toru Nishigaki to describe the inquiry that pursues that end.
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Qian, Bin, Changhong Xiao, Ji Zou, Yuan Zhong, and Zhijian Shen. "Assembled nano-structures from micron-sized precursors." RSC Adv. 4, no. 58 (2014): 30754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra03191a.
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Lázaro, Carlos, Juan Bessini, and Salvador Monleón. "Mechanical models in computational form finding of bending-active structures." International Journal of Space Structures 33, no. 2 (June 2018): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266351118794277.
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This article reviews the different aspects involved in computational form finding of bending-active structures based on the dynamic relaxation technique. Dynamic relaxation has been applied to form-finding problems of bending-active structures in a number of references. Due to the complex nature of large spatial deformations of flexible beams, the implementation of suitable mechanical beam models in the dynamic relaxation algorithm is a non-trivial task. Type of discretization and underlying beam theory have been identified as key aspects for numerical implementations. References can be classified into two groups depending on the selected discretization: finite-difference-like and finite-element-like. The first group includes 3- and 4-degree-of-freedom implementations based on increasingly complex beam models. The second gathers 6-degree-of-freedom discretizations based on co-rotational three-dimensional Kirchhoff–Love beam elements and geometrically exact Reissner–Simo beam elements. After reviewing and comparing implementation details, the advantages and drawbacks of each group have been discussed, and open aspects for future work have been pointed out.
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Pagitz, Markus, and Jonathan James. "Symmetry transformation matrices for structures." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2082 (March 27, 2007): 1563–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2007.1838.
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Many structures in nature and engineering are symmetric. Depending on the degree of symmetry, it is possible to simplify the computations considerably by block diagonalizing the stiffness matrices. Closed-form solutions of transformation matrices for such block diagonalizations can be derived using group theory for arbitrary symmetry groups. This paper presents closed-form solutions of transformation matrices based on an alternative derivation. It is shown that transformation matrices for C nv and D nh groups can be obtained from a finite Fourier series decomposition of load and displacement vectors. Furthermore, it is shown that structures with tetrahedral, octahedral and icosahedral symmetries can be block diagonalized in an elegant way using vector spherical harmonics.
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Mondal, Prakash. "On the Computational Character of Semantic Structures." International Journal of Conceptual Structures and Smart Applications 2, no. 1 (January 2014): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcssa.2014010104.
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Logical form in logic and logical form (LF) in the Minimalist architecture of language are two different forms of representational models of semantic facts. They are distinct in their form and in how they represent some natural language phenomena. This paper aims to argue that the differences between logical form and LF have profound implications for the question about the nature of semantic interpretation. First, this can tell us whether semantic interpretation is computational and if so, in what sense. Second, this can also shed light on the ontology of semantic interpretation in the sense that the forms (that is, logical form and LF) in which semantic facts are expressed may also uncover where in the world semantic interpretation as such can be located. This can have surprising repercussions for reasoning in natural language as ell.
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Panagiotidis, Phoevos. "On the nature of roots." Lexical Issues in the Architecture of the Language Faculty 2, no. 1 (November 6, 2020): 56–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/elt.00015.pan.
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Abstract This paper offers a review of a current understanding of the content and the form of linguistic roots. It first updates and buttresses the case against semantic content of uncategorised roots and for Late Insertion of roots; then it investigates how native speakers identify roots. More specifically, the idea that roots may be polysemous or may encode the shadow of a denotation, namely the common denominator of the denotations of words derived from it, is refuted on the basis of conceptual and empirical arguments from a number of languages. Subsequently, the existence of a spectrum of content to which roots belong, with roots ranging from contentless to semantically specific and concrete, is also shown to be illusory, and to result from the actual productivity, hence diversity, of the words derived from it. Arguments for Late Insertion of roots are then reviewed and updated, divorcing roots from the forms that realise them. These arguments are systematically combined with the semantic contentlessness of roots in support of Acquaviva’s analysis of them as abstract indices, i.e. as the syntax-internal criteria of lexical identity. This account is taken to its logical conclusion in the final section: if roots are indeed abstract indices, then they cannot be identified either by the semantic content they realise within grammatical structures or by their forms. An account is therefore advanced according to which roots are identified just once by native speakers over their lexicon at a given moment and on the basis of three heuristic principles: one form-based, one based on the feature content and the exponence of the structures in which roots are embedded, and one taking care of root suppletion.
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Gutman, Ivan. "Kekulé Structures in Fluoranthenes." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 65, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2010-0513.
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Fluoranthenes are polycyclic conjugated molecules consisting of two benzenoid fragments, connected by two carbon-carbon bonds so as to form a five-membered ring. Fluoranthenes possessing Kekul´e structures are classified into three types, depending on the nature of the two carbon-carbon bonds connecting the two benzenoid fragments. Either both these bonds are essentially single (i. e., single in all Kekul´e structures), or both are essentially double (i. e., double in all Kekul´e structures), or one is essentially single and the other is essentially double. All Kekul´ean fluoranthenes have equal number of bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals (MO), and no non-bonding MO.
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Chakraborty, Debayan, Yassmine Chebaro, and David J. Wales. "A multifunnel energy landscape encodes the competing α-helix and β-hairpin conformations for a designed peptide." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 3 (2020): 1359–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cp04778f.
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The propensities to form different secondary structures are encoded in the multifunnel nature of the underlying free energy landscape, and conformational switching between such structures is a key element of protein folding and aggregation.
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Stefańska, Anna, and Ewelina Gawell. "Contemporary free-form pavilions with the Delaunay gridshell patterns." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001077.
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The design of unique gridshell forms has become a key factor in effective interdisciplinary designing solutions, both architecturally aesthetic and structurally efficient. Modern bionic tendencies allow designers to implement organic shapes through proportion and mimicking the biological, developmental process by understanding the logic of the structural forms occurring in Nature. The improvement of digital tools based on algorithmic codes has enabled architects to implement their bold designs based on Nature’s technologies’ logic. The purpose of the research was to identify how the mathematical algorithms found in Nature collaborate with parametric designing influence structural optimization of the free-form structures. The Delaunay divisions used in the gridshells form-finding were obtained through various generative modeling algorithms. The case studies demonstrate how mathematical algorithms, such as structural dynamic relaxation, can support architectural aesthetic and structural optimization processes. The paper concludes that proper generative algorithmic design can compromise design diversity and search for efficiency.
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Abdullah, Mohammad. "Waqf and trust: the nature, structures and socio-economic impacts." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 10, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2016-0124.
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Purpose This paper aims to compare and contrast the concept, mechanism and functions of the two socio-economic institutions, i.e. waqf (Islamic trust) and English trust. It endeavours to juxtapose the salient features of waqf and trust with an objective to examine the nature of similarities and dissimilarities between the two institutions. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies the socio-legal research methodology and uses qualitative paradigm to analyse the literature. The paper is based on a desk-based research. Findings This paper finds that there is nothing intrinsically rigid in the jurisprudential paradigm of waqf which might impinge upon either the efficiency or effectiveness of the waqf vis-à-vis trust. The main findings of the paper are encapsulated in underlining certain Shariah principles which essentially hold waqf from transforming into a trust-like secular institution. Research limitations/implications This paper compares the jurisprudential underpinnings and conceptual frameworks of waqf and trust, and it does not evaluate their efficiency or effectiveness in empirical terms. The underlying socio-economic efficiency and impacts of the two institutions can be examined empirically in separate comparative case studies. Practical implications This paper examines and critically analyses the different socio-economic implications that waqf and trust entail for the societies in which they function. This analysis is important for the policy recommendations towards protecting the religious identity of waqf while re-structuring its models. Originality/value The main contribution of the paper is encapsulated in the critical analysis of how the paradigms of the two institutions, i.e. waqf and trust, which appear similar in form but differ in the substance, are shaped and governed.
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Grebenyuk, A. G. "Island-type structures with hypercoordinated atoms." SURFACE 14(29) (December 30, 2022): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2022.14.003.
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Experimental data and the results of theoretical modeling of the spatial structure and chemical properties of isolated particles (molecules and clusters) characterized by the presence of hypercoordinated atoms and the molecular crystals formed by them have been analyzed. Methods of describing the distribution of electron density in molecular crystals and their polymorphism are considered. The influence of the chemical nature of the molecules of binary compounds on their capability to associate and form clusters is described, and the transition from dispersion interaction to coordination bonds in such structures is traced.The review highlights the properties of many dimers, trimers and oligomers of hydrides and halides of chemical elements of different valence, clusters of elemental-organic and coordination (both inorganic and organic nature) compounds, polyhedral structures with non-classical coordination of atoms, in particular, metal carbohedrenes. The results of quantum chemical calculations using the methods of Hartree-Fock (HF), configurational interaction, electron density functional theory (DFT) and second-order Möller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) of the spatial structure and energy characteristics of the considered models are discussed. Theoretical results are compared with available experimental data.
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Iversen, Bo. "Watching nanocrystals form." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331408930x.
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Reactions in steel containers under solvo/hydrothermal conditions are widely used to produce crystalline nanoparticles. The solvo/hydrothermal approach often provides excellent control over nanoparticle characteristics such as size, size distribution, morphology and crystallinity. However, most progress in the solvothermal field is empirical in nature. Recent development of in situ X-ray scattering techniques now allow real time monitoring of the formation of nanoparticles under high pressure, high temperature conditions, and this opens up the possibility for synthesizing nanoparticles by design. We have developed unique in situ reactors for studies of reactions in sub- and supercritical fluids [1]. By means of Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS), Total scattering and EXAFS we have obtained knowledge on the formation and growth of a range of important nanoparticles all the way from the precursor structures to the final crystalline product. In the talk recent examples will be discussed. [1] (a) Jensen et al., Angew. Chem. 2007, 46, 1113; (b) Bremholm et al., Angew Chem. 2009, 48, 4788; (c) Bremholm et al., Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 3572; (d) Lock et al, Angew Chem. 2011, 50, 7045; (e) Jensen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 6785; (f) Tyrsted et al, Angew. Chem. 2012, 51, 9030; (g) Nørby et al., RSC Adv. 2013, 3, 15368; (h) Eltzholtz et al., Nanoscale 2013, 5, 2372
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Naboni, Roberto, Stefano Sartori, and Lorenzo Mirante. "Adaptive-Curvature Structures with Auxetic Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1149 (August 2018): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1149.53.
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Advancements in computational tools are offering designers the possibility to change their relationship with materials and establishing new synergies between matter, form and behaviour. This work explores this paradigm by introducing the use of auxetic metamaterials, specifically engineered to obtain properties beyond those found in nature, to generate structures with adaptive curvature obtained from planar construction elements. It is discussed how through programming an initial geometry with the strategic negotiation of several geometrical parameters it is possible to control finely the structural and morphological features of a structure. The paper presents approach, tools and methods for designing auxetics for large scale applications, and use them to create heterogeneous active-bending structures.
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Krutii, Yurii, Mykola Suriyaninov, and Victor Vandynskyi. "Analytic formulas for the natural frequencies of hinged structures with taking into account the dead weight." MATEC Web of Conferences 230 (2018): 02016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823002016.
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Free bending vibrations of hinged vertical uniform rod with taking into account the dead weight are investigated. The research is based on the exact solution of the partial differential vibration equation with variable coefficients. This approach allows to get more reliable picture of rod’s vibration because only the exact solution carries information of a qualitative nature and forms the most complete picture of the physical phenomenon under consideration. The frequencies equation of problem was written in dimensionless form and the way of its root finding is shown. It has been shown that the problem of determination the nature frequencies of structures is reduced to finding corresponding dimensionless vibration coefficients from equation. The formulas for the first three vibration frequencies of structures were obtained in analytical form. An analytic relationship between the frequencies with and without taking into account the dead weight of the structures was established. The nature of the dependence of frequencies on the value of the longitudinal load was revealed. The presence of conclusive analytical formulas for determining the vibration frequencies of hinged vertical structures with taking into account the dead weight is a real alternative for using the approximate methods for solving this class of problems of solid mechanics.
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Krutii, Yurii, Mykola Surianinov, and Victor Vandynskyi. "Analytic Formulas for the Cantilever Structures' Natural Frequencies with Taking into Account the Dead Weight." Materials Science Forum 968 (August 2019): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.968.450.
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The article has deal with investigations of free bending vibrations of uniform cantilever structures with taking into account the dead weight. The investigation uses the exact solution of the partial differential vibration equation with variable coefficients. The formulas for the natural frequencies of a rod structures are obtained in analytical form. An analytic relationship between the frequencies with and without taking into account the dead weight of the structures is established. The nature of the dependence of frequencies on the value of the longitudinal load is revealed. An example is considered, in which the values of the first three nature frequencies obtained by the author's method are given.
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Грабовый, К. П. "IMPROVEMENT OF EXAMINATIONS AIMED AT DETERMINING THE AGE OF BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURES." Scientific Journal ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 1, no. 210 (2022): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29030/2309-2076-2022-15-2-101-110.
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Currently, the methods of determining the age of buildings, structures and structures in the production of construction and technical and cost expertise are presented in a fragmented form, and often even have a private character. Thus, it can be argued that studies aimed at analyzing, classifying and systematizing existing and practical methods for determining the age of buildings, structures and structures have practical significance and are of an applied nature. Most experts solve problems related to determining the age of buildings, structures and structures only if they are provided with any documentation related to the performance of controversial construction and installation works. However, to date, there is no generalized open information source in which one can freely get acquainted with the conclusions drawn up by various experts, therefore, expert opinions related to solving problems aimed at determining the age of real estate objects have different researchlogic.
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ZASLAVSKAYa, A. Yu. "FEATURES, FORMING AN ARCHITECTURAL OBJECT, BASING ON FRACTAL STRUCTURES." Urban construction and architecture 1, no. 2 (July 15, 2011): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2011.02.4.
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The use of fractal structures in contemporary architecture is presented. Features and properties of nature fractal structures and abilities of their usage in architectural objects at the level of three components structure, construction, shell or form - are discussed. The theme of fractals is seen in F.L. Rights works, who positioned organic approach, Le Corbusier, who got ahead the time with his ideas of ecological approach to projecting. In contemporary architecture fractal structures are successfully use by such famous professionals as Daniel Libeskind, Greg Lynn, Toyo Ito.
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Smolyar, Igor, Tim Bromage, and Martin Wikelski. "Layered patterns in nature, medicine, and materials: quantifying anisotropic structures and cyclicity." PeerJ 7 (October 14, 2019): e7813. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7813.
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Various natural patterns—such as terrestrial sand dune ripples, lamellae in vertebrate bones, growth increments in fish scales and corals, aortas and lamellar corpuscles in humans and animals—comprise layers of different thicknesses and lengths. Microstructures in manmade materials—such as alloys, perlite steels, polymers, ceramics, and ripples induced by laser on the surface of graphen—also exhibit layered structures. These layered patterns form a record of internal and external factors regulating pattern formation in their various systems, making it potentially possible to recognize and identify in their incremental sequences trends, periodicities, and events in the formation history of these systems. The morphology of layered systems plays a vital role in developing new materials and in biomimetic research. The structures and sizes of these two-dimensional (2D) patterns are characteristically anisotropic: That is, the number of layers and their absolute thicknesses vary significantly in different directions. The present work develops a method to quantify the morphological characteristics of 2D layered patterns that accounts for anisotropy in the object of study. To reach this goal, we use Boolean functions and an N-partite graph to formalize layer structure and thickness across a 2D plane and to construct charts of (1) “layer thickness vs. layer number” and (2) “layer area vs. layer number.” We present a parameter disorder of layer structure (DStr) to describe the deviation of a study object’s anisotropic structure from an isotropic analog and illustrate that charts and DStr could be used as local and global morphological characteristics describing various layered systems such as images of, for example, geological, atmospheric, medical, materials, forensic, plants, and animals. Suggested future experiments could lead to new insights into layered pattern formation.
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Humbatova, S. F. "SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF STRUCTURES OF MAGNETITE Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES IN POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL MEDIUM." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 4 (December 8, 2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2022-4-60-65.
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Synthesis of magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with polyethylene glycol was carried out by co-precipitation method using a very small amount of organic substances to obtain a highly monodisperse form of nanoparticles, and the structure of obtained Fe3O4 nanoparticles was studied by physical methods. During the synthesis of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles surrounded by a polymer, it has been determined that by adjusting the amount of used polymer, the nature of the precipitating agent, the concentration of the initial precursors and the temperature it was possible to synthesize and stabilize monodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a high degree of purity, uniform in size
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Vrachovski, Danail, and Kalina Kancheva Kancheva. "INSURANCE FUNDS AS FORM TO FINANCE SOCIAL ACTIVITIES." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001135v.
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European regulations and mechanisms call for creation of unified social structures of collaboration and communications. As such could be social associations, insurance companies, insurance funds, clusters, voluntary social funds..The financing of social activities is carried out by various mechanisms, approaches and organizational forms. It could be used at the management of health insurance, social insurance, social activities etc. The purpose of the article is to outline the possibilities to us insurance funds at some social payments, mainly in the system of social insurance and social activities. Those social payment in the shape of social an pension incomes from insurance funds do not exhaust opportunities to apply the methods of payments with disability people of monetary compensations at sickness, social and health insurances and others. The methods could be implemented in other areas as health insurance, social assistance, health insurance etc., taking into consideration the nature of their activities.
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Muth, Joseph T., Patrick G. Dixon, Logan Woish, Lorna J. Gibson, and Jennifer A. Lewis. "Architected cellular ceramics with tailored stiffness via direct foam writing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 8 (February 8, 2017): 1832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616769114.
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Hierarchical cellular structures are ubiquitous in nature because of their low-density, high-specific properties, and multifunctionality. Inspired by these systems, we created lightweight ceramic architectures composed of closed-cell porous struts patterned in the form of hexagonal and triangular honeycombs by direct foam writing. The foam ink contains bubbles stabilized by attractive colloidal particles suspended in an aqueous solution. The printed and sintered ceramic foam honeycombs possess low relative density (∼6%). By tailoring their microstructure and geometry, we created honeycombs with different modes of deformation, exceptional specific stiffness, and stiffness values that span over an order of magnitude. This capability represents an important step toward the scalable fabrication of hierarchical porous materials for applications, including lightweight structures, thermal insulation, tissue scaffolds, catalyst supports, and electrodes.
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Galek, Peter T. A., László Fábián, and Frank H. Allen. "Persistent hydrogen bonding in polymorphic crystal structures." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 65, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768108042286.
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The significance of hydrogen bonding and its variability in polymorphic crystal structures is explored using new automated structural analysis methods. The concept of a chemically equivalent hydrogen bond is defined, which may be identified in pairs of structures, revealing those types of bonds that may persist, or not, in moving from one polymorphic form to another. Their frequency and nature are investigated in 882 polymorphic structures from the Cambridge Structural Database. A new method to compare conformations of equivalent molecules is introduced and applied to derive distinct subsets of conformational and packing polymorphs. The roles of chemical functionality and hydrogen-bond geometry in persistent interactions are systematically explored. Detailed structural comparisons reveal a large majority of persistent hydrogen bonds that are energetically crucial to structural stability.
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Lambrecht, Walter R. L., Sukit Limpijumnong, and B. Segall. "Theoretical Studies of ZnO and Related MgxZn1−xO Alloy Band Structures." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 4, S1 (1999): 582–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300003082.
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First principles calculations are carried out for ZnO, MgO and ZnMgO2 in various crystal structures. The nature of the valence band ordering in ZnO is shown to depend strongly on the Zn3d band position. MgO in the wurtzitic form is found to gave an unusual 5-fold coordiated structure. The band gap dependence in the alloy system is found to be in fair agreement with experimental data and the band-offset is predicted to be type I.
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Mullineux, G., B. J. Hicks, and C. Berry. "Numerical optimization approach to modelling delamination and buckling of geometrically constrained structures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1965 (April 28, 2012): 1925–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0407.
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Understanding what happens in terms of delamination during buckling of laminate materials is of importance across a range of engineering sectors. Normally concern is that the strength of the material is not significantly impaired. Carton-board is a material with a laminate structure and, in the initial creation of carton nets, the board is creased in order to weaken the structure. This means that when the carton is eventually folded into its three-dimensional form, correct folding occurs along the weakened crease lines. Understanding what happens during creasing and folding is made difficult by the nonlinear nature of the material properties. This paper considers a simplified approach which extends the idea of minimizing internal energy so that the effects of delamination can be handled. This allows a simulation which reproduces the form of buckling–delamination observed in practice and the form of the torque–rotation relation.
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Keefer, Keith D. "Growth and Fractal Structure of Ceramic Precursors." MRS Bulletin 12, no. 7 (November 1987): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400066914.
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Ceramic precursors are the chemical constituents of ceramic materials in a form in which they can be manipulated and shaped prior to processing to form a dense body. Generally these precursors are finely ground crystalline materials such as oxides or clays. Recently, however, much effort has focused on preparing precursors by chemical rather than mechanical means. The goal is to prepare purer, more homogeneous, and more reactive precursors than mixed crystalline powders. A wide variety of chemical processes have been devised to grow ceramic precursors, including powders formed by precipitation reactions, gels formed by hydrolysis and condensation reactions, and gas phase pyrolysis, to name just a few. Due to the random nature of the growth processes, these precursors often have structures wholly unlike their mechanically derived counterparts on both an atomic and a “macromolecular” scale. Random growth and structure and the effect of these structures on the subsequent processing of ceramics is an area of growing interest.Random structures are inherently more difficult to describe and study than are the ordered, periodic structures of crystals. With the exception of a few special cases, such as random walk polymers, little of a quantitative nature could be said about them until the development of fractal geometry and the accompanying realization that the structures which result from many random growth processes are, in fact, fractal.
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Dymchenko, M., N. Brykova, and I. Lokonova. "Architectural form as a subject of cultural communication." E3S Web of Conferences 281 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128102003.
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The aim of the article is to investigate the architectural form self-representation processes in the spatial experience of culture. Theoretical and methodological prism of the research is the semiotic concept of architecture of W. Eco and the concept of E. Panofsky correlating with it and explaining the nature of the Gothic architectural form evolution. The architectural reality self-definition problem in the context of the historical development of cultural and anthropological experience spatial codes is considered. On the basis of W. Eco’s semiotic concept of architecture we propose the vision of architectural object as a form in which the signifier - the “grammar” of architectural text - is treated as a signifier in the unity of meanings, functions and structures of the work. Architectural form in this capacity is described as a subject of socio-cultural communication, an individual link in the spatial code mediation chain of this or that tradition. On the basis of the comparative analysis, we have demonstrated the similarity of semiotic approach to the essence of architecture and Gothic architectural thinking of E. Panofsky. It shows the relevance of this methodology for modern architecture theory allowing to reveal the processes of architectural reality affirmation. The significance of the results for the theory of architecture consists in the fact that the heuristic significance of Eco’s semiotic conception of architecture was substantiated by E. Panofsky’s conclusions concerning the essence of Gothic form-building. The notion of architectural form as a subject of cultural communication greatly extends the architectural reality affirmative nature notion.
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Venning, James, David Lo Jacono, David Burton, Mark C. Thompson, and John Sheridan. "The nature of the vortical structures in the near wake of the Ahmed body." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 9 (February 1, 2017): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017690683.
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This study presents the results from high-spatial-resolution water-channel velocity-field measurements behind an Ahmed body with 25° rear slant angle. The Ahmed body represents a simplified generic model of a hatchback automobile that has been widely used to study near-wake flow dynamics. The results help clarify the unresolved question of whether the time-mean near-wake flow structure is topologically equivalent to a toroidal vortex or better described by a pair of horizontally aligned horseshoe vortices, with their legs pointing downstream. The velocimetry data presented allows the tracking of the vortical structures throughout the near wake through a set of orthogonal planes, as well as the measurement of their circulation. The spanwise vortices that form as the flow separates from the top and bottom rear edges are shown to tilt downstream at the sides of the body, while no evidence is found of a time-mean attached toroidal vortex, at least for the Reynolds number (based on the square root of the frontal area) of [Formula: see text] under consideration.
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Teixeira, Cilâine V., Heinz Amenitsch, Takanori Fukushima, Jonathan P. Hill, Wusong Jin, Takuso Aida, Matti Hotokka, and Mika Lindén. "Form factor of anN-layered helical tape and its application to nanotube formation of hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-based molecules." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 4 (June 24, 2010): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810015736.
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Self-assembled helical supramolecular structures are widely found in nature and have also been observed in several systems based on synthetic amphiphiles. Such structures often exhibit interesting properties that can be utilized in different nanotechnological applications. Based on previous work concerning the form factor of helical filaments with a finite cross section, the present work gives the helical form factor generalized for a tape containingNlayers. The presented form factor is applied to the characterization of an intermediate structure obtained during the formation of self-assembled graphitic nanotubes. The structure was modeled as a centrosymmetric bilayer containing five layers including a structure factor. These results have been compared with that obtained using a model based on polydisperse cylinders, and it is shown that the full description with helical model and structure factor is the superior one.
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Wu, Jun, Ole Sigmund, and Jeroen P. Groen. "Topology optimization of multi-scale structures: a review." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 63, no. 3 (March 2021): 1455–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-021-02881-8.
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AbstractMulti-scale structures, as found in nature (e.g., bone and bamboo), hold the promise of achieving superior performance while being intrinsically lightweight, robust, and multi-functional. Recent years have seen a rapid development in topology optimization approaches for designing multi-scale structures, but the field actually dates back to the seminal paper by Bendsøe and Kikuchi from 1988 (Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 71(2): pp. 197–224). In this review, we intend to categorize existing approaches, explain the principles of each category, analyze their strengths and applicabilities, and discuss open research questions. The review and associated analyses will hopefully form a basis for future research and development in this exciting field.
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Cicchetti, Dante, and Don Tucker. "Development and self-regulatory structures of the mind." Development and Psychopathology 6, no. 4 (1994): 533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004673.
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AbstractFrom their early roots in embryology, parallels are drawn between the major psychological and biological foci of organismic theories. Neural plasticity and concepts of causality in developmental systems are discussed. Because the nature of the developmental process necessitates addressing the nonlinear dynamics of complex systems, it is theorized that causal explanations in neural development, just as is the case with psychological processes, should emphasize the individual's active strivings for self-organization as the major determinant of ontogenesis. Whether or not they cohere to form an integrated self, it is hypothesized that the homeostatic, self-regulatory structures of the mind are the major stabilities in the chaotic dynamics of psychological and neural development.
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Mitić, Vojislav V., Po-Yu Chen, Yueh-Ying Chou, Ivana D. Ilić, Bojana Marković, and Goran Lazović. "Fractal nature analysis in porous structured bio-ceramics." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 12 (April 13, 2021): 2150318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921503188.
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Hydroxyapatite scaffold is a type of bio-ceramic. Its cellular design has similarities with the morphologies in nature. Therefore, it is very important to control the structure, especially the porosity, as one of the main features for bio-ceramics applications. According to some literature, freeze casting can form the shape of dendrites and remain a foam structure after ice sublimation. Ice nucleation became more heterogeneous with the aid of printing materials during freeze casting. This procedure can even improve the issue of crack formation. In this paper, we studied the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite scaffold. We also analyzed the porosity by fractal nature characterization, and successfully reconstructed pore shape, which is important for predicting ceramic morphology. We applied SEM analysis on bio-ceramic samples, at four different magnifications for the same pore structure. This is important for fractal analysis and pores reconstruction. We calculated the fractal dimensions based on measurements. In this way, we completed the fractal characterization of porosity and confirmed possibilities for successful porous shapes reconstruction. In this paper, we confirmed, for the first time, that fractal nature can be successfully applied in the area of porous bio-ceramics.
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Chang, Chia-Chien. "VALUATION OF MORTGAGE INSURANCE CONTRACTS WITH COUNTERPARTY DEFAULT RISK: REDUCED-FORM APPROACH." ASTIN Bulletin 44, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 303–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2014.4.
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AbstractIn the recent subprime mortgage crisis, which has caused banks and insurance companies to go bankrupt or into acquisition, the lender and insurer have exhibited not only correlated defaults when exposed to common risk factors but also counterparty default risk, which is triggered by mortgage defaults. Given the correlated defaults and the counterparty default risk, we use the reduced-form approach to derive the closed-form formulas of mortgage insurance contracts with premium refunds, annual premiums and upfront premiums. Regardless of the nature of the premium structures, the numerical analysis with parameter calibration demonstrates that both the correlated defaults and the counterparty default risk significantly impact mortgage insurance premiums, particularly in long-term mortgage loans.
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MOHD SHAMSUL, ANIS ADILLAH, MOHAMMAD AIZAT BASIR, and UWAISULQARNI M. OSMAN. "EDUCATION MOBILE APPLICATION CHEMISTRY FORM 4." Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v3i4.237.
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Nowadays, people around the world are learning chemistry through various means and every student has a mobile phone to help them to connect to the Internet which is a treasure trove of educational material. An app available for mobile phones known as Chemistry Form 4 focuses on developing a student’s knowledge of chemistry using smartphones as a platform has been developed for students in Malaysia. This mobile app was developed using Android Studio and Unity 2019.1 programs. The agile method was used to develop this project because of its flexibility with regards to its working process. Starting from planning of the problem statement, to the provision of solutions and objectives of this project, and the analysis of the requirements from client phase. To analyze this project, a few diagrams such as use case diagram, use-case description, activity diagram, sequence diagram, and class diagram were used. Thereafter, the designing phase kicked in that included the normalization of data, the development of entity relationship diagram, data dictionary and CRUD statement for the project. This project also focused on the students’ needs from a chemistry app, which included preparation, presentation, practice and performance. Those functions include preparing and reading notes that can be updated by teachers. Students can also answer questions provided by teachers and view their results at the end of the sessions. Last but not least the students can view the atomic structures and chemical nature using an augmented reality (AR) model after the scanning cards provided by developers. Students can use the app to enhance their creativeness in getting to know atomic structures in this manner. Providing updated notes and questions with the aid of instructors will allow the students to benefit from the advanced know-how and chemistry expertise of the instructors. The mobile apps help students to improve their basic understanding of chemical processes and recognise the value of learning chemistry.
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Zhang, Xiao Jun, Bin Gao, and Peng Fei Cheng. "Valence Electron Structure Analysis of Intrinsic Hardness for Diamond and c-BN." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.687.
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Based on the Pauling’s nature of chemical bond, the valence electron structures of diamond and c-BN crystals have been constructed. Then the relationship between covalent bond and glide plane system is analyzed. The results show that the hardness of diamond and c-BN is correlated to the covalent electron structure and the slip system of crystals. The hardness for diamond and c-BN so large is explained satisfactory form valence electron structures.
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Henderson, P., A. C. Heidebrecht, N. Naumoski, and J. W. Pappin. "Site response effects for structures located on sand sites." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, no. 3 (June 1, 1990): 342–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-045.
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Results are presented for 4 sand sites forming part of a site response study of 11 soil sites. The results are in the form of spectral accelerations and ratios, base shear coefficients, and foundation factors. They indicate that significant amplifications can be expected at sand sites, especially for low-intensity excitation. Comparisons are made with the provisions of the proposed National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) 1990. They show that, depending on the site and the nature and level of the excitation, the expected base shears can be well in excess of the values specified by the NBCC. Key words: seismic, design, sand, soil, site, response, spectra, amplification, base, shear.
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Urciuoli, Bonnie. "Jennifer Dickinson, James Herron, Laura Kunreuther, Mandana Limbert, Ellen Moodie, & Penelope Papailias (eds.), Linguistic form and social action. (Michigan discussions in anthropology, 13.) Ann Arbor: Anthropology Dept., University of Michigan, 1998. Pp. 283." Language in Society 29, no. 4 (October 2000): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500214048.
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As noted in this volume's Introduction by two of the editors, Jennifer Dickinson and Mandana Limbert, their collection displays work by students, alumni, and faculty of the University of Michigan Linguistic Anthropology Program, founded in 1991. The program's nature and development is evident in the coherence of the contents of the book, which consistently address the nature of the connections of immediate, ethnographically detailed (micro-level) deployment of linguistic form with the (macro-level) processes, institutions, and structures that frame such deployment as linguistic action. The essays generally fall into three categories: those focusing on a single speech event, those dealing with linguistic ideology, and those examining the ways in which language structure influences the form taken by social action. All these are framed by contemporary work on participation frameworks, on contextual structure and process, on dialogic emergence of meaning, on indexicality, and on linguistic ideology as cultural process played out in linguistic action. Stressing the emergent nature of structures and the continual, complex processes of indexical creativity, the authors develop in various and connected ways the linguistic ecology frame, as initiated by Einar Haugen and developed in much contemporary work in linguistic anthropology.
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Paschenko, Ilya Yurievich. "The impact of digital transformation on changing legal nature of information in digital form." Юридические исследования, no. 7 (July 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2022.7.37983.
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The article examines the legal nature of digital information in the context of the development of the digital economy and the digitalization of public life. The author draws attention to the fact that information in digital form forms the basis for the emergence of new objects involved in turnover. Turnover, taking into account the need to meet the various needs of the individual, exists both in fact – in everyday reality and in virtual space – through information systems. In modern circulation in everyday life and the electronic environment, information can be presented in various forms. It is noted that in the conditions of rapid development of information technologies, the right to access information becomes important, and the information carrier loses its previously known importance in legal relations. In the conditions of digitalization, the division of new turnover objects into two varieties is proposed. The first group consists of objects that exist in the usual real form, but acquire an electronic form. Transformation accelerates turnover and allows us to work out optimal ways to exercise rights to such objects. The second group is formed by objects that arise and exist in virtual space within the framework of information systems. The possibilities of using such objects are determined by the level of development of information technologies. It is impossible to predict the appearance of new objects of economic value in the digital economy, and the choice of legal economy tools is not always a suitable way of law-making. Special attention is paid to information as a basis for turnover objects in the context of the theory of absolute and relative rights. The attempt to establish the ownership of information and limited property rights is analyzed, and the conclusion is made about the problematic existence of such structures. At the same time, the author shows a change in the understanding and essential meaning of information as a category in the conditions of digital transformation. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop a concept of digital information regulation.
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Sadasivan, C., H. G. Nagendra, and M. Vijayan. "Plasticity, Hydration and Accessibility in Ribonuclease A. The Structure of a New Crystal Form and its Low-Humidity Variant." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 54, no. 6 (November 1, 1998): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444998005149.
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The structures of a new crystal form of ribonuclease A and its low-humidity variant, each containing two crystallographically independent molecules, have been determined and refined. A detailed comparison of these structures with those of the other known crystal forms of the enzyme, which have different packing arrangements and solvent composition, leads to a meaningful delineation of the rigid and flexible regions of the protein molecule and the nature of its plasticity. Many of the water molecules which are common to all the structures are involved in bridging different regions of the protein molecule, thus emphasizing the role of water in stabilizing the tertiary structure. The analysis of the structures shows that for a given N or O atom, the level of hydration increases with accessible surface area, but levels off at an area of about 10 Å2. Generally, the hydration level tends to drop when the area increases beyond about 20 Å2. This drop correlates with an increase in the displacement parameter. The analysis also suggests that the van der Waals radii and probe radius normally used in accessible surface area calculations are not appropriate for dealing with all situations.
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Bütz, Michael R. "The Fractal Nature of the Development of the Self." Psychological Reports 71, no. 3_suppl (December 1992): 1043–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3f.1043.
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This paper provides a discussion of the life cycle using a framework constructed from ideas in chaos theory. Building upon psychodynamic ideas from Freud, Jung, and Erikson, the integration of the Self is discussed from the viewpoint of Analytical Psychology. It is proposed that throughout our lives we encounter crisis points that fractionate the ego and necessitate use of more complex and adaptive psychic structures to contain or handle the seemingly disparate qualities that arise. We may say that eventually one aspires to realize Analytical Psychology's goal of integrating the superior and the inferior functions of the psyche into a cohesive Self. Jung seemed to state that the Self could never be attained, but it is argued in this paper that a form of transitory self may be realized periodically during the course of the life cycle.
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Durie, Bruce. "Clans, Families and Kinship Structures in Scotland—An Essay." Genealogy 6, no. 4 (November 9, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy6040088.
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Anyone who has visited a Scottish Games or Gathering in North America will be struck by the number of Clan societies occupying tents around the Games ground and participating in a “Parade of Tartans”. Yet, a substantial number of these do not represent Highlands or Borders Clans, but are really descendants of Lowland Families. The “Clan” appellation has been applied wrongly to all of Scotland, as though this were the universal or at least the dominant form of social/kinship organization. The cultural appendages of that—kilts, tartans and Gaelic language—are considered uniformly Scottish. In reality, the clan system was a minority social structure in Scotland. The uncritical adoption of the term “Clan” ignores and minimizes the larger and more important Lowland Family structure. The nature of these two structures—Clan and Family—are compared and contrasted, and a case made for greater recognition of the Lowland Family as the pre-eminent form of social structure in Scotland. This has implications for, inter alia, genealogy, Scottish cultural and language studies, ethnicity and Y-DNA testing.
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Thompson, Matt. "Generalizing small-angle scattering form factors with linear transformations." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, no. 5 (August 20, 2020): 1387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720010389.
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Nanostructure characterization using small-angle scattering is often performed by iteratively fitting a scattering model to experimental data. These scattering models are usually derived in part from the form factors of the expected shapes of the particles. Most small-angle-scattering pattern-fitting software is well equipped with form factor libraries for high-symmetry models, yet there is more limited support for distortions to these ideals that are more typically found in nature. Here, a means of generalizing high-symmetry form factors to these lower-symmetry cases via linear transformations is introduced, significantly expanding the range of form factors available to researchers. These linear transformations are composed of a series of scaling, shear, rotation and inversion operations, enabling particle distortions to be understood in a straightforward and intuitive way. This approach is expected to be especially useful for in situ studies of nanostructure growth where anisotropic structures change continuously and large data sets must be analysed.
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Almgren, Mats. "Alexander Lecture 2003: Cubosomes, Vesicles, and Perforated Bilayers in Aqueous Systems of Lipids, Polymers, and Surfactants." Australian Journal of Chemistry 56, no. 10 (2003): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch03049.
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Cryo-Transmission Electron Microscopy (cryoTEM) is a method allowing visualization of many of the delicate structures that form by self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules in aqueous environments. The amphiphiles may be surfactants, lipids, or polymers, alone or in various mixtures. The distinctive feature of the method is that the objects are examined without staining or dehydration: This is achieved by capturing the structures in very thin aqueous films, that are subsequently vitrified at liquid nitrogen temperatures and examined using a microscope. Objects in the size range from 5 to 500 nm are well suited for the method. This includes various emulsion particles, such as liposomes, and more exotic cubosomes and hexasomes. In cryoTEM investigations perforated vesicles were found, an observation that triggered extensive studies of the nature and occurrence of such structures. As a complement to scattering methods, cryoTEM has proven its value in investigations of the size and morphology of various liposomal and vesicular systems. The microscopy studies show what type of structures that are present in the sample: uni- or multilamellar vesicles, open structures or closed defect-free vesicles, whether the form is spherical, tubular, or oblate, and so on. The scattering methods give good measures of size and polydispersity for defined systems.Three main themes are presented here. (a) Morphology of cubosomes and other emulsion particles from dispersed liquid-crystalline phases. (b) Perforated bilayers, their structure, nature, occurrence, and formation. (c) Spontaneous catanionic vesicles and their relationship to vesicles of zwitterionic lipids plus ionic surfactants.
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Zadorozhna, Galyna. "Soil Ecomorphs as a Form of Adaptation to the Conditions of Biogeocenosis." Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University Scientific Bulletin. Series: Biological Sciences, no. 7(356) (July 2, 2018): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2617-4723-2017-356-7-94-103.
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The spatial variability of the mechanical impedance of ordinary chernozem have been investigated within a regular grid (105 points). Ecomorphic analysis of the vegetation in each cell of the grid has been done. Cluster analysis, conducted on the basis of the statistical data allowed to distribute the existing changes in soil mechanical profiles in three clusters with characteristic for them, relative to the same type of dynamic properties. Environmental separation content of the soil plots on clusters studied using discriminant and variance analyzes. Statistical significance of variations of external properties associated with the spatial heterogeneity within soil plots belonging to different clusters allows them to be meaningfully interpreted and confirms the formation of ecological nature of the identified soil structures-ecomorphs.
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Dyusembina, G. "THE NATURE OF EXPRESSION AND EMOTION IN PERIODICALS THROUGH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS, PROVERBS AND SAYINGS." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 74, no. 4 (December 9, 2020): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-4.1728-7804.10.
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Today the expressive means and stylistic devices can be found in newspaper style. They give opportunity to understand that the emotional style and democratic importance which support to understand its deep meaning by the public. The language in periodic newspapers is according to the literary standards and expressive means and stylistic devices give expressiveness and emotional colouring of the language. The current article touches upon the psycholinguistic structures, especially phraseological units, proverbs and sayings which give the expressiveness and emotional colouring in newspapers. Proverbs, sayings, winged expressions, phraseological expressions are stylistic structures that have a very strong expressiveness and significant figurative activity. They are used on print pages both unchanged and in the form of an invariant structure that undergoes changes on the part of the addressee. Here, due to the functional style of this genre, it provides ample opportunities in the artful portrayal of social, political and social problems in an emotional way.
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Ribeiro, João Augusto, Sair Maximo Chavez-Pacheco, Gabriel Stephani de Oliveira, Catharina dos Santos Silva, João Henrique Pimenta Giudice, Gerardo Andres Libreros-Zúñiga, and Marcio Vinicius Bertacine Dias. "Crystal structures of the closed form ofMycobacterium tuberculosisdihydrofolate reductase in complex with dihydrofolate and antifolates." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 75, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 682–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205979831900901x.
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Tuberculosis is a disease caused byMycobacterium tuberculosisand is the leading cause of death from a single infectious pathogen, with a high prevalence in developing countries in Africa and Asia. There still is a need for the development or repurposing of novel therapies to combat this disease owing to the long-term nature of current therapies and because of the number of reported resistant strains. Here, structures of dihydrofolate reductase fromM. tuberculosis(MtDHFR), which is a key target of the folate pathway, are reported in complex with four antifolates, pyrimethamine, cycloguanil, diaverdine and pemetrexed, and its substrate dihydrofolate in order to understand their binding modes. The structures of all of these complexes were obtained in the closed-conformation state of the enzyme and a fine structural analysis indicated motion in key regions of the substrate-binding site and different binding modes of the ligands. In addition, the affinities, throughKdmeasurement, of diaverdine and methotrexate have been determined; MtDHFR has a lower affinity (highestKd) for diaverdine than pyrimethamine and trimethoprim, and a very high affinity for methotrexate, as expected. The structural comparisons and analysis described in this work provide new information about the plasticity of MtDHFR and the binding effects of different antifolates.
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Reshetnikova, G. A. "FACILITIES OF NATIONAL SECURITY: THEIR NATURE, SOCIO-POLITICAL AND LEGAL VALUE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-4-690-696.
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The types of objects of national security are investigated: personality, society, state. An analysis and the author's assessment of opposing points of view are given, arguments "for" legal types of objects of national security are presented. The generic affiliation (nature) of the objects of national security is established. On this basis, it is argued that national security objects have their own meaning only in relation to a person, performing a service function, for the realization of his socio-political and legal interests, in the form of socio-political (personality, society, state) and legal structures (physical and legal entity). The article shows the importance of the generic affiliation (nature) of objects of national security for law in general and criminal law in particular.
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Kazakova, E. I. "Texts of the New Nature: Problems of Interdisciplinary Research." Психологическая наука и образование 21, no. 4 (2016): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2016210410.
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The paper explores a new research direction unfolding at the junction of modern textual criticism and modernization challenges in education. It outlines the theoretical basis for constructing a model of the «new literacy» representative of the 21st century. The paper contains an attempt to describe the main trends in the changes of text: rejection of linearity, shrinkage of text volume, orientation to «small text structures», duplicative character of different sign systems in the content reflection, increase of interactivity, feedback forms development, emergence of «new forms of authorship» and a number of other trends. Examples are given of new literature, created in the form of comics, presentations, infographics, drawn notes. The author reveals the scope of «the texts of the new nature» through the provision of its characteristics; describes two main technologies of formation of such texts; provides experimental data that characterize the process of perception of this kind of texts; and, finally, formulates priority research issues.
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Esposito, Carla, Maxim V. Pethoukov, Dmitri I. Svergun, Alessia Ruggiero, Carlo Pedone, Emilia Pedone, and Rita Berisio. "Evidence for an Elongated Dimeric Structure of Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 13 (April 25, 2008): 4749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01988-07.
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ABSTRACT Heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) is a virulence factor of tuberculosis which is responsible for extrapulmonary dissemination of this disease. A thorough biochemical characterization of HBHA has provided experimental evidence of a coiled-coil nature of HBHA. These data, together with the low-resolution structures of a full-length form and a truncated form of HBHA obtained by small-angle X-ray scattering, have unambiguously indicated that HBHA has a dimeric structure with an elongated shape.