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Academic literature on the topic 'Nature – 1789-1799 (Révolution)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Nature – 1789-1799 (Révolution)"
Ritz, Olivier. "Les métaphores naturelles dans le débat sur la Révolution de 1789 à 1815." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040134.
Full textBy studying a series of texts that debate the French Revolution between 1789 and 1815, this thesis aims to show how natural metaphors played a part in creating new relationships between politics, science and literature.The first part focuses on the rhetorical uses of natural metaphors in the debate. It studies how they were used not only to arouse emotions and to convince the reader, but also to produce knowledge and drive people to action. The second part deals with the relationships between the natural sciences and politics: first examining the attempt to create a new political science based on the model of the natural sciences, then analysing the relationship between the French Revolution and the scientific revolution, before finally considering the textual strategies used to create and promote the new figure of the scientist. The third part studies the debate about literature that developed at the centre of the debate on the French Revolution. In this context, natural metaphors are interesting not only because of their rhetorical power or because they create tensions between literature, science and politics, but also because they are used as indications of literariness: by using natural metaphors, writers legitimized their works, defined their social function and took their place in a literary tradition. Two chapters focus specifically on the first written histories of the French Revolution.The idea of literature as an essentially aesthetic use of written language is the paradoxical result of this period of deep and intensive interaction between literature, politics and sciences
Renard, Nils. ""La terre est affranchie" : Henri Grégoire et les paysages catholiques de la Révolution française (1789-1815)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H077.
Full textThis PhD dissertation questions the connection between religion, environment and anthropology, from the end of the Old Régime to the First French Empire, focusing on Henri Grégoire (1750-1831), who was a prominent figure of the French Revolution, famous for his abolitionist claim. I study religious and intellectual groups circulating around him, in particular the members of the clergy specializing in agriculture, the republican and revolutionary clergy of the Gallican Church, the members of the Christian Philosophical Society, the agronomists and foresters of the agriculture societies, especially the Agriculture Society of the Seine district, but also the main thinkers of Europe during the Empire of Napoléon. I delineate the evolution of a debate on nature, politics and religion. By defining Catholic landscapes of rural France, seen as idealized legacies of the ploughing, and understood as the context of the religious and political governance of the country, I shed new light on Grégoire’s action. It takes place in the context of the environmental anxiety about French forests: the choice of the Liberty tree as a symbol of the Revolution is a major political and scientific threshold for the bishop of Blois. Grégoire inherits complex intellectual traditions from his Lorraine origins, which are the result of religious debates of the time. They define his perception of the role of the clergy in the governance of societies, based on agriculture as a central element. Political and scientific debates on the way to rule societies and environment, taking place at the beginning of the Consulat and the Empire, question this social model dating back to the Catholic CounterReformation. Regeneration by the rural work is first theorized during the Jewish émancipation debate in France; it becomes the political and spiritual frontier for France and for former enslaved people of the colonies as well. It fits in the great expectations endowed in agriculture for the abolition of slavery. It also answers attempts at pacification in seditious rural areas, especially the Vendée region. That latter context has a great influence on Grégoire and his clergy, who develop a new Catholic literature during the Directoire period, as I show it. Therefore, the way Grégoire positions himself politically under Napoléon’s reign is to be qualified. His civilisational and spiritual approach to agriculture, considered as a means for emancipation, sheds new light on the Catholic landscapes of the French Revolution
Dailloux, Jean Paul. "Les lois successorales de la révolution française : une anticipation de l'évolution de la famille?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3034.
Full textLaw historians have long ignored the civil law of the French Revolution, pejoratively termed as “intermediate right”. But since the bicentennial of the French Revolution, they have revised their appreciation and highlighted the modernity of this legislation that can now be considered as an anticipation of the contemporary law of the family. This thesis is a contribution to this rehabilitation work.The inheritance law of the old regime was characterized by the inequality of hits rules. The proclamation of civil equality in the Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1789 implied a complete overhaul of this subject. The first two assemblies, the Constituent Assembly and the Legislative Assembly, had only begun this work, removing the most obvious inequalities, the privileges of aeness and masculinity, which was the occasion for discussions on the right to test. It was the Convention that carried out the most important reforms at the height of the Revolution, at a time when ideological tensions were exacerbated. A first draft of the Civil Code was discussed but did not succeed.Pending the drafting of a second amended draft, it was resolved to implement some parts of the first, on matters which seemed particularly urgent. Thus, “appendix articles” of the first Code were implemented by means of two laws. The first is that of 12 Brumaire year II on the rights of natural children, which were essentially inheritance rights. The second is the law of 17 Nivôse year II, on the devolution of inheritance and the equality of shares.Their common feature was to introduce retroactivity into the settlement of estates opened since July 14, 1789, the symbolic date of the advent of freedom, to hasten the implementation of the new principles. . This retroactive effect was then violently criticized , as soon as the political situation tuned around with the elimination of the Robespierrists. Many complaints poured out to show the serious practical inconvenience of this situation.The later legislators returned to this effect, by means of laws which extended from the 9th Fructidor year III, to the 3rd Vendemiaire year IV. The drafters of the Civil Code maintained the principle of equality in the family based on the marriage. But with regard to the children born out of the wedlock, the Code of 1804 devotes the harshest solutions that could be imagined against them. It is no longer a question of even moderate equality. The situation of these children was only very slowly improved for 150 years. However, this movement accelerated from 1972 onwards to current situation
Xilakis, Eleni. "La Déclaration de 1789 en Grande-Bretagne (1789-1795)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010542/document.
Full textTrace the famous British debate on the French Revolution, to explore the meaning and analize the text of the Declaration of Human Rights 89, to show the different meanings that this text can take. Could the British look broaden our vision of French affairs, far from revolutionary whirlwind in which the declaration text becomes the sacred emblem of freedom and equality ? This is the challenge that we have tried to meet to discuss from different angles and thus reveal its plasticity. Because, although the scope of the Declaration seems indisputable, its content is subject to various interpretations. It is this ambiguity that is highlighted.Our protagonists are Richard Price, who provoked the rage of Edmund Burke ; in this violent discussion of principles and politics, we chose the defendants French affairs most relevant, namely Mary Wollstonecraft, Thomas Paine, James Mackintosh and Jeremy Bentham. We are identified the arguments from their political discourse, particularly around the Revolution, as reactivation as the social contract. Through this study, it is clear that the text itself founder of a new political era in France, may adopt different faces, depending on its observer.Indeed, the text of the Declaration of 89 is at once the subject of a dispute. And finally, it appears that this same plasticity of its text helped her transhistoricity and confirmed its universality to the present day – a universality, therefore, congenitally issue
Tourkochoriti, Ioanna. "La liberté d'expression et la protection de la dignité humaine et de la vie privée dans l'ordre juridique français et l'ordre juridique des États-Unis : une étude de deux précompréhensions constitutionnelles différentes." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0081.
Full textThis dissertation aims at proposing an interpretation concerning the divergence of the legal status of freedom of expression in relation to the protection of human dignity and privacy in the United States and in Europe. The question concerns in our opinion the fore-understanding of liberty in continental Europe and in the United States, as well as the role of the state to define the content and the limits of liberty. It is this understanding inspired by a different conception of political philosophy which is reflected in the legal appreciation of the two legal orders this difference has its origins in the revolutionary movements, which posed me foundation of the two democracies. This conception was also inevitably influenced by the political problems of the same time as well as by the weight of the intellectual ideas, which preceded the two movements. Their evolution in the course of time brought nuances to the political ideas of the foundation which are equally useful to our understanding. France is an exemplary case for continental Europe since the principal ideas underlying the French revolution concerning the understanding of liberty and the role of the state influenced considerably the conception of democracy in the other European states