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Journal articles on the topic 'NATURAL SUNLIGHT'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Vire, Gordon, L. Jackson Roberts, and Lloyd E. King. "Urticaria pigmentosa and natural sunlight." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 14, no. 4 (April 1986): 687–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(86)80468-6.

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2

Bennett, Brad. "Natural Sunlight on Kongde Ri." Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2020.07.004.

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3

Liu, Ru, Hanwen Zhu, Kang Li, and Zhong Yang. "Comparison on the Aging of Woods Exposed to Natural Sunlight and Artificial Xenon Light." Polymers 11, no. 4 (April 18, 2019): 709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11040709.

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To investigate the relationship between sunlight and artificial light sources on the weathering of wood, three woods, namely, Tectona grandis L.F. (teak), Stereospermum colais (mabberley), and Dicorynia guianensis (basralocus), were tested under natural sunlight for 733 days and artificial xenon light for 180 h, respectively. A comparison between sunlight and artificial xenon light was made based on surface color changes at various intervals. The results showed that the woods suffered from more severe aging in the artificial xenon light exposure than that in the natural sunlight exposure. At the early stage of exposure, very good relationships were found between 70 days under natural sunlight weathering and 60 h under artificial xenon light weathering. Compared with natural sunlight, about a 30 times faster aging process was identified in the artificial xenon light. However, the linear relationship vanished at the later aging stage. It was found that the color change fluctuated in natural sunlight, while it increased steadily in artificial xenon light. The wood species affected the aging of woods. In natural sunlight exposure, the color change decreased in the order of mabberley > teak > basralocus, while in artificial xenon light exposure, color change decreased in the order of mabberley > basralocus > teak due to the easier volatilization of extractives in artificial xenon light than in natural sunlight.

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4

Sampedro, Diego. "Natural and Artificial Photoprotective Agents." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 23, 2021): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041189.

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5

Jørgensen, Niels O. G., Raju Podduturi, Charlotte Frydenlund Michelsen, Thea Jepsen, and Munique de Almeida Bispo Moraes. "Fate of Saxitoxins in Lake Water: Preliminary Testing of Degradation by Microbes and Sunlight." Water 14, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 3556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213556.

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The cyanobacterial toxin saxitoxin (STX) is mainly associated with the blooms of marine dinoflagellates, but it is also produced by several species of freshwater cyanobacteria. So far, the degradation of STX has only been demonstrated by physicochemical treatments, but in this study, we demonstrated that natural factors, such as bacterioplankton and sunlight, had the capacity for degrading STX in the eutrophic Lake Arresø, Denmark. Natural lake bacterioplankton could reduce STX concentrations by 41–59%. A similar reduction was shown for four saxitoxin analogs. The exposure of the lake water to natural sunlight or simulated sunlight also reduced both intracellular and extracellular, dissolved STX. During 4–8 h exposure, natural sunlight reduced intracellular STX by 38–52% but increased extracellular, dissolved STX by 7–29%. Corresponding values for simulated sunlight were a reduction in intracellular STX by 16–45% and increased levels of extracellular STX by 10–33%. In particle-free lake water, the two types of sunlight reduced ambient, dissolved STX by 13–17%. The light exposure was observed to damage >94% of the sxtA gene involved in STX synthesis. This study demonstrated that lake water bacterioplankton and sunlight can modify STX by degradation and cell destruction, and that the biosynthesis of STX may be inhibited by exposure to sunlight.

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6

Kuhn, Ramona, Robert Jensch, Thomas Fischer, Klaus Keuler, Isaac Mbir Bryant, and Marion Martienssen. "Sunlight Degradation of the Aminophosphonate Diethylenetriamine Penta-(Methylenephosphonic Acid)." Solar 2, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar2020009.

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Aminophosphonate diethylenetriamine penta(methylenephosphonic acid) (DTPMP) is a scale inhibitor commonly used in several industries. DTPMP is suspected to cause anthropogenic pollution through discharge into the aquatic environment. DTPMP is assumed to be degraded by sunlight radiation. We recently predicted a preliminary degradation pathway of DTPMP applying UV treatment. Currently, we have not yet evidenced that DTPMP shows the same degradation pattern with natural sunlight. One major reason leads to the fact that the light spectrum emitted by UV lamps does not completely represent the natural sunlight spectrum, and the emitted UVB and UVA irradiation flux is much higher than for solar light. For that reason, the degradation pattern and kinetics might be different between artificial UV treatment and natural sunlight treatment. Here, we investigated whether DTPMP is degradable under natural sunlight radiation, and whether the degradation mechanisms determined through UV treatment are transferable to sunlight. We investigated five different treatment conditions, i.e., DTPMP degradation in direct or diffuse sunlight, in diffuse sunlight with addition of Ca2+ or Mg2+, and in diffuse sunlight with local TW. Our experiment was carried out from March 2021 to October 2021. We performed LC/MS analyses and measured the release of o-PO43−. DTPMP was degraded with all five treatment conditions. The fastest DTPMP degradation occurred in direct and diffuse sunlight without addition of bivalent cations. The addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ resulted in inhibited degradation. Similar effects occurred for sunlight treatment with local TW. We evidenced different degradation mechanisms for DTPMP depending on the presence of alkaline earth metals as we previously proposed for UV-treated DTPMP. However, both degradation mechanisms of DTPMP belong to the same degradation pathway determined with UV treatment. Therefore, we conclude that DTPMP undergoes a similar degradation pathway in sunlight as compared to UV light.

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7

Ok, Junghun, Hirozumi Watanabe, Junglai Cho, Nanhee An, and Byungmo Lee. "Photodegradation of Butachlor and Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in Rice Paddy Water under Natural Sunlight." Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 33, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2014.33.2.134.

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8

Alonso-Sï¿½ez, Laura, Josep M. Gasol, Thomas Lefort, Julia Hofer, and Ruben Sommaruga. "Effect of Natural Sunlight on Bacterial Activity and Differential Sensitivity of Natural Bacterioplankton Groups in Northwestern Mediterranean Coastal Waters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 9 (September 2006): 5806–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00597-06.

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ABSTRACT We studied the effects of natural sunlight on heterotrophic marine bacterioplankton in short-term experiments. We used a single-cell level approach involving flow cytometry combined with physiological probes and microautoradiography to determine sunlight effects on the activity and integrity of the cells. After 4 h of sunlight exposure, most bacterial cells maintained membrane integrity and viability as assessed by the simultaneous staining with propidium iodide and SYBR green I. In contrast, a significant inhibition of heterotrophic bacterial activity was detected, measured by 5-cyano-2,3 ditolyl tetrazolium chloride reduction and leucine incorporation. We applied microautoradiography combined with catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization to test the sensitivity of the different bacterial groups naturally occurring in the Northwestern Mediterranean to sunlight. Members of the Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes groups appeared to be highly resistant to solar radiation, with small changes in activity after exposure. On the contrary, Alphaproteobacteria bacteria were more sensitive to radiation as measured by the cell-specific incorporation of labeled amino acids, leucine, and ATP. Within Alphaproteobacteria, bacteria belonging to the Roseobacter group showed higher resistance than members of the SAR11 cluster. The activity of Roseobacter was stimulated by exposure to photosynthetic available radiation compared to the dark treatment. Our results suggest that UV radiation can significantly affect the in situ single-cell activity of bacterioplankton and that naturally dominating phylogenetic bacterial groups have different sensitivity to natural levels of incident solar radiation.

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9

Cheshire, Thomas P., and Frances A. Houle. "Ruthenium Dye Excitations and Relaxations in Natural Sunlight." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 125, no. 20 (May 18, 2021): 4365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02386.

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10

Konovalov, Igor, and Niladri Bhattacharjee. "Thermal noise of hot carriers under natural sunlight." Solar Energy 234 (March 2022): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.01.031.

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11

Lobedank, J., E. Bellmann, and J. Bendig. "Sensitized photocatalytic oxidation of herbicides using natural sunlight." Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 108, no. 1 (July 1997): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-6030(97)00123-8.

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12

Zanchetta, Luciene M., James Walsh, Fiona M. Lyng, and James E. J. Murphy. "S12.39 Natural sunlight damage to human skin mitochondria." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1777 (July 2008): S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.05.333.

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13

Habibah, E., E. A. Suyono, M. D. Koerniawan, L. T. Suwanti, U. J. Siregar, and A. Budiman. "Potential of natural sunlight for microalgae cultivation in Yogyakarta." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 963, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/963/1/012041.

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Abstract The study of microalgae is widely developed on a laboratory scale. The large-scale applications of microalgae such as large photo-bioreactors or commercial ponds are not well established due to some obstacles. The high cost of artificial lighting in microalgae cultivation is one of the obstacles. Markedly, the natural sunlight intensity is high every month for a whole year in Indonesia. This natural sunlight may serve as a low-cost lighting source for microalgae cultivation in a tropical country such as Indonesia. However, the basic knowledge of whether the natural sunlight in Indonesia is sufficient or not for microalgae cultivation is poorly understood. This study was performed to investigate whether sunlight in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta, is sufficient or not for microalgae cultivation in the absence of artificial lighting. The sun lighting period data from January 2019 to June 2020 were collected from BMKG (Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika) website. The sun lighting period data were converted into solar radiation data. The Liliefors test was performed to evaluate the distribution of the solar radiation data. To confirm whether the sun lighting in Yogyakarta is sufficient for microalgae cultivation or not, the parametric statistical test namely single sample T-test was used in this study. The Liliefors test showed that solar radiation in Yogyakarta (January 2019 to June 2020) was normally distributed. The calculated Liliefors value (0.14) was less than Liliefors table value (2.00). The T-test results revealed that the solar radiation in Yogyakarta is equal to or higher than the sufficient solar radiation (reference) for microalgae cultivation (795 kWh/m2). The calculated t value (0.65) was higher than the t table value (-1.74). When taken together, our findings suggest that natural sunlight in Yogyakarta is sufficient as a lighting source for microalgae cultivation.

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14

Kumar, Gajendra, and Alok Kumar Gehlot. "Sunlight Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye by SnS2 Nanoplates Under Natural Sunlight Exposure." Bulletin of Pure and Applied Sciences-Chemistry 42, no. 1 (June 20, 2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/bpas.2023.42c.1.3.

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Removal of dyes from water bodies is a significant concern throughout the world. In this study, SnS2 nanoplates were synthesized by a hydrothermal synthetic route at 160°C, and it is effectively characterized by various techniques. The XRD peaks confirmed the hexagonal planes of SnS2. The nanoplates-like morphology was revealed by FESEM and HRTEM. The optical band gap was investigated by UV-vis DRS and showed a reflection edge with corresponding energy at 2.2 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the SnS2 nanoplates is tested against the degradation of methylene blue under natural sunlight irradiation. About 95% degradation of methylene blue is observed in 120 min with the photocatalytic degradation rate of 0.021min-1. Results confirmed that the SnS2nanoplatescould facilitate 95 % degradation of methylene dye and followed the first-order kinetic model.

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15

Zhang, Bin Quan, and Yong Sheng Chen. "Study a New Approach to Uniform Indoor Illumination from Natural Light." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.57.

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To solve the problem of nonuniform indoor illumination by sunlight and to meet the need of energy conservation, we design a kind of cuneiform light guide plate to transmit sunlight from outside to rooms relying on the law of total reflection. Theoretical deductions and numerical simulations are used to obtain a preliminary plan, and some issues on applications and feasibility are discussed.

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16

Sassoubre, Lauren M., Kara L. Nelson, and Alexandria B. Boehm. "Mechanisms for Photoinactivation of Enterococcus faecalis in Seawater." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 21 (August 31, 2012): 7776–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02375-12.

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ABSTRACTField studies in fresh and marine waters consistently show diel fluctuations in concentrations of enterococci, indicators of water quality. We investigated sunlight inactivation ofEnterococcus faecalisto gain insight into photoinactivation mechanisms and cellular responses to photostress.E. faecalisbacteria were exposed to natural sunlight in clear, filtered seawater under both oxic and anoxic conditions to test the relative importance of oxygen-mediated and non-oxygen-mediated photoinactivation mechanisms. Multiple methods were used to assess changes in bacterial concentration, including cultivation, quantitative PCR (qPCR), propidium monoazide (PMA)-qPCR, LIVE/DEAD staining using propidium iodide (PI), and cellular activity, including ATP concentrations and expression of the superoxide dismutase-encoding gene,sodA. Photoinactivation, based on numbers of cultivable cells, was faster in oxic than in anoxic microcosms exposed to sunlight, suggesting that oxygen-mediated photoinactivation dominated. There was little change in qPCR signal over the course of the experiment, demonstrating that the nucleic acid targets were not damaged to a significant extent. The PMA-qPCR signal was also fairly stable, consistent with the observation that the fraction of PI-permeable cells was constant. Thus, damage to the membrane was minimal. Microbial ATP concentrations decreased in all microcosms, particularly the sunlit oxic microcosms. The increase in relative expression of thesodAgene in the sunlit oxic microcosms suggests that cells were actively responding to oxidative stress. Dark repair was not observed. This research furthers our understanding of photoinactivation mechanisms and the conditions under which diel fluctuations in enterococci can be expected in natural and engineered systems.

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17

Adhi Kusumastuti, Nova Auliyana, and Monna Rozana. "Application of Avocado Seed as Textile Natural Dye." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 104, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.104.1.4754.

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Organic waste that accumulates and underutilized can cause environmental pollution. Among the organic wastes that can be utilized is avocado seed waste (Persea americana mill). Avocado seeds contain anthocyanins which have the potential to give red to purple colour so that they have the potential to be used as natural dyes for textiles. This study aims to determine the quality of colour strength, the quality of colour fastness to soap washing and the quality of colour fastness to sunlight. In this research, effect of mordant types (alum, lime and ferrous sulphate) to colour strength and colour fastness were investigated. The natural dye was hot extracted from avocado seed. Maintaining extraction and dyeing processes variables, the samples were then analysed using spectrophotometer to obtain the colour strength data. Gray scale was used to assess the colour difference due to colour fastness of washing and sunlight. Experiment results showed that ferrous sulphate generated the darkest colour of R% 88.07 with very dark criteria. Colour fastness to washing was not affected by mordant type thus provided the same value of moderate. Meanwhile, the best colour fastness to sunlight was given by system with ferrous sulphate mordant with good criteria.

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18

Taniguchi, Keita, Mayuko Takano, Yui Tobari, Motoshi Hayano, Shinichiro Nakajima, Masaru Mimura, Kazuo Tsubota, and Yoshihiro Noda. "Influence of External Natural Environment Including Sunshine Exposure on Public Mental Health: A Systematic Review." Psychiatry International 3, no. 1 (March 4, 2022): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint3010008.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been raging around the world and public health measures such as lockdowns have forced people to go out less often, reducing sunlight exposure time, green space use, and physical activity. It is well known that exercise has a positive impact on mental health, but the impact of external environmental factors such as sunlight exposure and green space use on mental health has not been systematically reviewed. In this review, we categorized the major factors that may affect people’s mental health into (1) external environmental factors such as exposure to sunlight and green spaces, (2) internal life factors such as physical activity and lifestyle, and (3) mixed external and internal factors, and systematically examined the relationship between each factor and people’s mental health. The results showed that exposure to sunlight, spending leisure time in green spaces, and physical activity each had a positive impact on people’s mental health, including depression, anxiety, and stress states. Specifically, moderate physical activity in an external environment with sunlight exposure or green space was found to be an important factor. The study found that exposure to the natural environment through sunbathing and exercise is important for people’s mental health.

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19

K J, Sannapapamma, Sakeena Naikwadi, Deepa Bhairappanavar, Rajesh Patil, and Y. R. Aladakatti. "Effect of scouring and laundering on functional properties of natural colour cotton fabric." Environment Conservation Journal 23, no. 1&2 (February 11, 2022): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.021787-2120.

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Natural color cotton is eco-supportive as they possess colour naturally in varied shades viz., brown, green, cream and other tints and shades of these colours. It has unique comfort and handle property which provides soothing to the wearer. A medium brown natural colour cotton fibre was spun into 20s count yarn on open end spinning and the pure colour cotton fabric was developed on handloom and subjected to scouring. The scoured natural colour cotton fabric undergone with multiple wash cycles and assessed for mechanical, functional properties, colour fastness to sunlight and washing properties. Results revealed that, the scoured natural color cotton fabrics at washing and sunlight was found to be increase in color strength and decrease in reflectance than the pure NCC fabric. After laundering at multiple washes, the scoured natural colour cotton fabric exposed to direct sunlight, it was found that the colour strength was significantly reduced and fabric became lighter, duller and yellower. However, the scoured natural colour cotton fabric subjected to washing and shade dried exhibited significantly greater K/S, which indicates the sample became darker, brighter and greener than the sample expose to direct sunlight. The natural colour cotton fabrics has better mechanical, functional and fastness properties can be suitable for production of diversified cotton products ranging from children garments to trendy outfits. Hence, the promotion of natural colour cotton fabrics is a sustainable approach for green environment.

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20

Fonseca, Maria João, and Fernando Tavares. "The Bactericidal Effect of Sunlight." American Biology Teacher 73, no. 9 (November 1, 2011): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2011.73.9.8.

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Sunlight is required for vital biological processes. However, solar ultraviolet radiation can have a detrimental impact on living organisms, by acting as a natural mutagenic agent. With this activity, intended for middle school and high school, we propose a simple hands-on experiment to investigate the bactericidal effect of sunlight. The activity provides appealing visual results and opportunities for extension of inquiry. Procedural instructions, discussion topics, and assessment suggestions are detailed.

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21

Sassoubre, Lauren M., Kevan M. Yamahara, and Alexandria B. Boehm. "Temporal Stability of the Microbial Community in Sewage-Polluted Seawater Exposed to Natural Sunlight Cycles and Marine Microbiota." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 6 (January 9, 2015): 2107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03950-14.

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ABSTRACTBillions of gallons of untreated wastewater enter the coastal ocean each year. Once sewage microorganisms are in the marine environment, they are exposed to environmental stressors, such as sunlight and predation. Previous research has investigated the fate of individual sewage microorganisms in seawater but not the entire sewage microbial community. The present study used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to examine how the microbial community in sewage-impacted seawater changes over 48 h when exposed to natural sunlight cycles and marine microbiota. We compared the results from microcosms composed of unfiltered seawater (containing naturally occurring marine microbiota) and filtered seawater (containing no marine microbiota) to investigate the effect of marine microbiota. We also compared the results from microcosms that were exposed to natural sunlight cycles with those from microcosms kept in the dark to investigate the effect of sunlight. The microbial community composition and the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) changed over 48 h in all microcosms. Exposure to sunlight had a significant effect on both community composition and OTU abundance. The effect of marine microbiota, however, was minimal. The proportion of sewage-derived microorganisms present in the microcosms decreased rapidly within 48 h, and the decrease was the most pronounced in the presence of both sunlight and marine microbiota, where the proportion decreased from 85% to 3% of the total microbial community. The results from this study demonstrate the strong effect that sunlight has on microbial community composition, as measured by NGS, and the importance of considering temporal effects in future applications of NGS to identify microbial pollution sources.

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22

Bai, Jiaxin, Yaxin Huang, Haiyan Wang, Tianlei Guang, Qihua Liao, Huhu Cheng, Shanhao Deng, Qikai Li, Zhigang Shuai, and Liangti Qu. "Sunlight‐Coordinated High‐Performance Moisture Power in Natural Conditions." Advanced Materials 34, no. 10 (January 30, 2022): 2103897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202103897.

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23

Chekir, Nadia, Nadia Aicha Laoufi, and Fatiha Bentahar. "Spiramycin photocatalysis under artificial UV radiation and natural sunlight." Desalination and Water Treatment 52, no. 34-36 (August 2013): 6832–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.821632.

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24

ICHIKAWA, S. "Photoelectrocatalytic production of hydrogen from natural seawater under sunlight." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 22, no. 7 (July 1997): 675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(96)00236-4.

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25

Nakagawara, Van B., Kathryn J. Wood, and Ron W. Montgomery. "Natural sunlight and its association to civil aviation accidents." Optometry - Journal of the American Optometric Association 75, no. 8 (August 2004): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1529-1839(04)70177-3.

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26

Lin, Min, Gongming Yin, Kongyan Han, Jifei Bao, Jingwei Liu, and Li Jia. "Natural sunlight bleaching of the aluminum center in quartz." Radiation Measurements 42, no. 10 (November 2007): 1605–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2007.08.010.

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27

Wester, Vincent L., Nils R. P. van der Wulp, Jan W. Koper, Yolanda B. de Rijke, and Elisabeth F. C. van Rossum. "Hair cortisol and cortisone are decreased by natural sunlight." Psychoneuroendocrinology 72 (October 2016): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.06.016.

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28

Müllejans, H., W. Zaaiman, D. Pavanello, and E. D. Dunlop. "Traceable calibration of photovoltaic reference cells using natural sunlight." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 972 (February 2018): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/972/1/012018.

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29

Berman, Hannah, Allison Truong, and Carol E. Cheng. "Pediatric generalized lichen nitidus treated with natural sunlight therapy." Pediatric Dermatology 36, no. 5 (July 17, 2019): 690–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pde.13915.

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30

Diffey, Brian, and Uli Osterwalder. "Labelled sunscreen SPFs may overestimate protection in natural sunlight." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 16, no. 10 (2017): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7pp00260b.

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31

Jones, K. A., G. Moawad, D. J. McKinley, and D. Grzywacz. "The effect of natural sunlight onSpodoptera littoralisnuclear polyhedrosis virus." Biocontrol Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (January 1993): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09583159309355275.

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32

Díaz-de-Mera, Yolanda, Alfonso Aranda, Alberto Notario, Ana Rodríguez, Diana Rodríguez, and Iván Bravo. "Photolysis study of fluorinated ketones under natural sunlight conditions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 35 (2015): 22991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp03527a.

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33

Keogh, William M., and Andrew W. Blakers. "Accurate measurement, using natural sunlight, of silicon solar cells." Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 12, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.517.

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34

Putra, I. Gusti Ngurah Agung Windra Wartana, Putu Eka Arimbawa, and Ni Putu Rahayu Artini. "Potential of Frangipani (Plumeria alba) Leaves Extract as Ultra Violet Protection." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 3, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v3i4.1644.

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Sunlight is the source of life and energy. Besides that, sunlight also creates skin challenges such as sunburn, pigmentation, wrinkles, dermatitis, aging, and skin cancer. Natural sunscreen protection is a popular and preferred way among various regions of the world to reduce sunlight's harmful effect. This study aimed to determine the potential of frangipani (Plumeria alba) leaves extract in some concentrations as ultraviolet protection. Plumeria alba extract contained secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, and alkaloids that function as impeding ultraviolet radiation. This study used an experimental method consisting of four treatments and six replications. This study shows that the extract with concentration 2500; 5000; 7500; and 10000 ppm consecutively have SPF value of 6.24; 12.00; 18.45; and 22.64. It can be concluded the P. alba leaves extract potential as ultraviolet protection.

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35

KALINKINA, Nadezhda A., Irina V. ZHDANOVA, and Anna A. KUZNETSOVA. "SYSTEMATIZATION OF TYPES OF BUILDINGS NATURAL LIGHTING." Urban construction and architecture 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2019.04.18.

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The choice of the type of natural lighting in architectural and construction practice depends on a number of constructive, technological and engineering measures. The authors’ analysis of Russian and foreign experience in the design and construction of buildings allows us to ascertain the fact of a stereotypical approach to providing premises with sunlight and the lack of interest in actively developing technical means that can improve lighting. The article is devoted to the organization and improvement of the quality of lighting in buildings for various purposes. The paper generalizes the types of natural lighting used in modern buildings. The positive and negative sides of all types of lighting are analyzed and recommendations are given on the possibility of their use for buildings with “diffi cult to light” spaces. The parameters that infl uence the choice of options for lighting with sunlight are highlighted depending on the functional purpose of the building and its planning structure.

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36

Qiu, Fanglv, Zi Wang, Hongjun Chen, Yue Ma, Hang Wu, Lu Yan, Lizhai Pei, and Chuangang Fan. "Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate-assisted Synthesis and Natural Sunlight Photocatalytic Activity of La Bismuthate Nanorods." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 5 (October 5, 2020): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666191212153902.

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Background: Removal of the organic pollutants using the photo-catalysts by the photocatalytic treatment process under natural sunlight irradiation has attracted great attention owing to the complete destruction of the organic pollutants. The La bismuthate nanorods possess good photocatalytic performance for the removal of the methylene orange (MO) under the sunlight irradiation. Objective: The aim is to synthesize La bismuthate nanorods by hydrothermal method and research the photocatalytic performance of the La bismuthate nanorods for MO degradation under sunlight irradiation. Methods: La bismuthate nanorods have been synthesized by a simple sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)-assisted hydrothermal method using sodium bismuthate and La acetate as the starting materials. The obtained La bismuthate products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy and solid UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum. Results: With different SDBS concentration, hydrothermal temperature and reaction time, different morphologies of the La bismuthate products were obtained. XRD analysis shows that the La bismuthate nanorods obtained from 180°C for 24 h with 5wt.% SDBS are composed of orthorhombic La1.08Bi0.92O3.03 phase. Electron microscopy observations show that the La bismuthate nanorods with flat tips have the length of longer than 10 μm and diameter of about 20-100 nm, respectively. The morphology and structure of the products are closely related to the SDBS concentration, hydrothermal temperature and reaction time. Solid UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum shows that the band gap of the La bismuthate nanorods is 2.37 eV. The La bismuthate nanorods show good photocatalytic performance for the degradation of MO under the sunlight irradiation. MO solution with the concentration of 10 mg.L-1 can be totally removed by 10 mg La bismuthate nanorods in 10 mL MO aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation for 6 h. Conclusion: The photocatalytic performance for the removal of MO is dependent on the sunlight irradiation time and dosage of the La bismuthate nanorods. The La bismuthate nanorods exhibit great potential for the removal of organic pollutants.

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Bingham, B. L., and A. M. Reitzel. "Solar damage to the solitary ascidian, Corella inflata." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 3 (June 2000): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400002216.

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The ascidian Corella inflata (Chordata, Ascidiacea) is common in many areas of Puget Sound, Washington, USA. However, it occurs only in habitats where it is protected from direct sunlight. Previous experiments with artificial lights showed that UV irradiation kills all life stages of this animal. The effects of natural sunlight exposure (measuring survival of adults, juveniles, larvae, and embryos) were compared. We partitioned the light spectrum to separate the effects of UVB, UVA, and visible light (PAR). Natural sunlight severely damaged C. inflata. Adults and juveniles died after 2-5 d. Exposed embryos failed to develop normally and larvae did not settle. As expected, UVB had significant effects, but pronounced effects were also seen when the animals were exposed to longer wavelengths alone (UVA and PAR). Thus, the distribution of C. inflata may be determined largely by exposure to light. Understanding the basic ecology of this species requires consideration of its vulnerability to sunlight damage and the effects of UVB, UVA, and PAR.

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Leksungnoen, Nisa, Suwimon Uthairatsamee, and Tushar Andriyas. "Adaptability of Siamese Rosewood and Teak Seedlings to Varying Light Conditions." Environment and Natural Resources Journal 19, no. 6 (August 11, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32526/ennrj/19/202100003.

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Rosewood and Teak are valuable timber species, which have been heavily logged from both natural forests and plantations. Climate change has also contributed to a reduction in their numbers. We studied their light adaptability at the seedling stage to quantify the growth and physiological characteristics under 10% and 100% of full sunlight. Rosewood performed better, as indicated by the relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll efficiency, under both shade and sunlight. We also simulated a sudden change in light intensity (gap opening up in the canopy) by exposing seedlings, previously under shade, to full sunlight. Rosewood seedlings responded faster (higher relative growth rate) to changing light conditions relative to Teak. We conclude that Rosewood seedlings can be planted either under shade, or in full sunlight, or in a location experiencing sudden change from shade to sunlight, while Teak seedlings should be planted under at least 10% sunlight, but not in full sunlight, as it can lead to chlorophyll and tissue damage.

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Conte, Francesco, Veronica Pellegatta, Antonio Tripodi, Gianguido Ramis, and Ilenia Rossetti. "Photo-Oxidation of Ammonia to Molecular Nitrogen in Water under UV, Vis and Sunlight Irradiation." Catalysts 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11080975.

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Titanium dioxide-based photocatalysts have been used to perform the photo-oxidation of ammonium/ammonia to molecular nitrogen. Different light sources were employed, i.e., UV, LED visible light and natural sunlight, and their performance was compared in order to understand which setup was the most efficient. It was found that under selected conditions, the LED lamp, in combination with silver-promoted TiO2, was able to push the conversion of ammonium toward 48% after 4 h of reaction time. On the other hand, with a more powerful UV lamp, lower conversion was achieved, ca. 40%. Natural sunlight under the same conditions attained more than 38% conversion, but the fluctuation of the reaction conditions remain a very critical issue for the real exploitation of sunlight in water treatment.

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Boyle, M., C. Sichel, P. Fernández-Ibáñez, G. B. Arias-Quiroz, M. Iriarte-Puña, A. Mercado, E. Ubomba-Jaswa, and K. G. McGuigan. "Bactericidal Effect of Solar Water Disinfection under Real Sunlight Conditions." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 10 (March 21, 2008): 2997–3001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02415-07.

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ABSTRACT Batch solar disinfection (SODIS) inactivation kinetics are reported for suspensions in water of Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and endospores of Bacillus subtilis, exposed to strong natural sunlight in Spain and Bolivia. The exposure time required for complete inactivation (at least 4-log-unit reduction and below the limit of detection, 17 CFU/ml) under conditions of strong natural sunlight (maximum global irradiance, ∼1,050 W m−2 ± 10 W m−2) was as follows: C. jejuni, 20 min; S. epidermidis, 45 min; enteropathogenic E. coli, 90 min; Y. enterocolitica, 150 min. Following incomplete inactivation of B. subtilis endospores after the first day, reexposure of these samples on the following day found that 4% (standard error, 3%) of the endospores remained viable after a cumulative exposure time of 16 h of strong natural sunlight. SODIS is shown to be effective against the vegetative cells of a number of emerging waterborne pathogens; however, bacterial species which are spore forming may survive this intervention process.

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Kong, Zhe, Keming Hou, Zhongyu Wang, Feifei Chen, Yunhao Li, Xinyue Liu, and Chengyu Liu. "Subjective and Physiological Responses towards Interior Natural Lightscape: Influences of Aperture Design, Window Size and Sky Condition." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101612.

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Indoor daylighting quality has impacts on occupants’ physical and psychological aspects. Although daylighting design metrics have strictly restricted the amount of sunlight penetration, studies have shown occupants’ preference towards an appropriate amount of sunlight and distributions. Currently, insufficient studies have focused on the composition of interior daylighting distributions. Therefore, this paper presents a laboratory experiment exploring the psychological influences of sunlight patterns under immersive virtual reality scenes. The sunlight patterns are created by a combination of nine aperture designs, two window sizes and two sky types. The experiment collects 41 valid architecture students’ assessments and their physiological responses. Degrees of eight adjectives, including pleasantness, calmness, interest, excitement, complexity, spaciousness, satisfaction with exterior view amount and brightness, are rated by the participants. Physiological data of heart rates and electroencephalogram are collected. According to the analysis, both the aperture designs and sky types have influences upon subjective responses. The large window enhances beta oscillations and beta power on the right prefrontal lobe area, and the clear sky attenuates the theta rhythm on the pre frontal lobe areas. These findings indicate the important influence of natural lightscape compositions created by aperture designs and sky types upon occupants’ psychological processes.

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Zhang, Zhi Bin, Cai Xia Liu, and Xiao Dong Xu. "A Green Vegetation Extraction Based-RGB Space in Natural Sunlight." Advanced Materials Research 225-226 (April 2011): 660–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.225-226.660.

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Green vegetation segmentation in color images is a fundamental issue for automated remote sensing and machine vision applications, plant ecological assessments, precision crop management, and weed control. A simple green vegetation feature extraction method (GVFE) is proposed in this paper to segment the green vegetation from their non-green backgrounds due to the fact that the green component content is always greater than that of the red and blue in RGB color space. The conventional based-auto-threshold method, ExG (Excess Green) was compared with GVFE, in which a green index ratio was defined to evaluate the performance of them. A digital color image set of single Canna flower taken in natural lighting were used to test them. Experimental results have showed that GVFE has superior performance over ExG+auto-threshold in term of stability, and is insensible to illuminant variations.

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Weinbauer, MG, SW Wilhelm, CA Suttle, RJ Pledger, and DL Mitchell. "Sunlight-induced DNA damage and resistance in natural viral communities." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 17 (1999): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame017111.

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Lavate, Dipali, Vikas Sawant, and Ashok Khomane. "Photodegradation of Rhodamine-B Dye under Natural Sunlight using CdO." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 17, no. 2 (June 13, 2022): 466–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.17.2.14172.466-475.

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The present study includes synthesis of CdO thin film by simple and cost effective chemical bath deposition method. Cadmium monochloroaceatate were used for preparation of CdO thin film. The structural, optical properties of CdO thin film were investigated with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis NIR double beam spectrometry. The XRD studies revealed that annealed thin film shows crystalline in nature having 48.4 nm in size. The optical band gap of thin film was found to be 2.13 eV. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images shows sphere like structure which is closely arranged with each other. The presence of functional group was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis confirm formation of a mesoporous CdO with 6.01 m2/g surface area and 31.96 nm average pore diameter. The photocatalytic activity of prepared thin film was checked by using Rhodamine-B as a model dye under natural sunlight and found to be 48%. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

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Arakawa, Ritsuo, Mie Terao, Hiroe Hayashi, Hiroshi Kasai, and Tomoe Negishi. "Evaluation of Oxidative Damage Induced by Natural Sunlight in Drosophila." Genes and Environment 28, no. 4 (2006): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3123/jemsge.28.153.

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Stapleton, Heather, and Nathan Dodder. "Photodegradation of Decabromodiphenyl Ether in House Dust by Natural Sunlight." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry preprint, no. 2007 (2007): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-301.

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Stapleton, Heather M., and Nathan G. Dodder. "PHOTODEGRADATION OF DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER IN HOUSE DUST BY NATURAL SUNLIGHT." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27, no. 2 (2008): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/07-301r.1.

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Giannotti, Charles, and Christoph Richter. "Photocatalysed oxidation of cyclohexane by W10O32−4irradiation with natural sunlight." International Journal of Photoenergy 1, no. 2 (1999): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x99000136.

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Using global sun UV-emission, dioxygen, W10O32−4as a photocatalyst in acetonitrile solution we have performed cyclohexane oxidation. Such photooxidation was very effective and could be applied in a large scale. The best result was obtained using 20% acetonitrile/cyclohexane emulsion andW10O32Na4as a catalyst.

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Erickson, Graham B., Fraser C. Horn, Tyler Barney, Brett Pexton, and Richard Y. Baird. "Visual Performance with Sport-Tinted Contact Lenses in Natural Sunlight." Optometry and Vision Science 86, no. 5 (May 2009): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e31819f9aa2.

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Davies, Cheryl M., and Lilian M. Evison. "Sunlight and the survival of enteric bacteria in natural waters." Journal of Applied Bacteriology 70, no. 3 (March 1991): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb02935.x.

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