Academic literature on the topic 'Natural selection Study and teaching'
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Journal articles on the topic "Natural selection Study and teaching"
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Lamekhova, Elena Anatolyevna. "Methodological approaches to the study of Ch. Darwin’s theory of natural selection in the school biology course." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021103309.
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Currently, some previously recognized ideas are being re-evaluated in biological education, which confirms the need to improve and further develop the methodology for studying and teaching the theory of evolution. Relevant in this regard are the selection of the content and the development of a methodology for studying Darwins theory of natural selection in the school biology course, which determined the purpose of the study. The purpose of the paper is to develop a methodology for studying some issues of Darwins theory of natural selection in the school biology course. The paper offers a variant of the program and a method for studying the most complex issues of the topic. Natural selection, which manifests itself as a consequence of the struggle for existence, should be described by formulating a definition, describing the mechanism and results of action. The study of natural selection should be accompanied by evidence of its leading role in evolution. Describing the struggle for existence as a factor of evolution, it is necessary to emphasize its ecological essence. The results of the action of natural selection should be described taking into account their cause-and-effect relationships, accompanying this with examples, using various manuals and tasks and carrying out practical work. The description of the methodology for studying the issues of the topic is of theoretical significance, and the given methodological recommendations for studying the prerequisites for the emergence of Darwinism, the doctrine of the variability of organisms, the struggle for existence, natural selection and other issues are of practical importance and will ensure a successful assimilation of this complex material by students.
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Presley, Morgan L., Rebecca Gehringer, and Deborah L. Hanuscin. "Using Natural Selection Concept Inventories in College Biology Classrooms to Improve Teaching and Learning." American Biology Teacher 79, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2017.79.2.91.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how assessment instruments could be used in the college biology classroom for purposes other than researching instructional strategies (as they have been used in the past). Through participatory action research, a science educator and a biology faculty member examined how the CINS (Concept Inventory of Natural Selection) could be incorporated into the biology faculty member's classroom instruction. This paper shows that biology faculty members can use assessment instruments to build in-class activities and labs, to formatively assess student knowledge, and to confront student misconceptions. Several recommendations for incorporating assessment instruments in biology instruction and assessment are provided.
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Şahin qızı Kərimbəyli, Turan. "Methods for selecting authentic texts in accordance with the language level of students while teaching German." SCIENTIFIC WORK 69, no. 08 (August 23, 2021): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/69/32-37.
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Today our main goal is to use authentic texts, including the study of the peculiarities of intercultural communication in the environment of communicative teaching of foreign languages. Authentic text reflects the use of natural language. It should be noted that the teaching of authentic texts in teaching a foreign language should be determined by the language level of the students. The selection criteria for authentic texts in German differ depending on the language level of the students. Key words: authentic texts, intercultural communication, communicative learning
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Amrulloh, Muhammad Sholahuddin, and Andarula Galushasti. "Professional development teacher to improve skills of science process and creativity of learners." Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) 16, no. 3 (August 22, 2022): 299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v16i3.20404.
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This qualitative research emphasized learning strategies in the process of full engagement by students and discovering the implementation of learning, science process skills, and learners' creativity. The selection of contextual teaching and learning methods due to teachers having a role more in strategy affairs while learners were more focused on self-actualization of practice in their groups. Here, there was an interaction between teachers and learners to complement each other. The participant was student of class five Elementary School/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ma'arif 37 Sunan Kalijogo, Ambulu, Jember Regency, Indonesia. Methods of data collection were interviews, observations, and documentation. Data collection was related to natural science subjects. The study results showed the procedures for implementing contextual teaching and learning in natural science subjects. Applying contextual teaching and learning methods was very effective in natural science subjects. The findings of this study showed that improving the quality of learning and learning support facilities can realize the ability of competence of students and teacher professionalism.
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Albadr, Musatafa Abbas, Sabrina Tiun, Masri Ayob, and Fahad AL-Dhief. "Genetic Algorithm Based on Natural Selection Theory for Optimization Problems." Symmetry 12, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12111758.
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The metaheuristic genetic algorithm (GA) is based on the natural selection process that falls under the umbrella category of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are typically utilized for generating high-quality solutions for search and optimization problems by depending on bio-oriented operators such as selection, crossover, and mutation. However, the GA still suffers from some downsides and needs to be improved so as to attain greater control of exploitation and exploration concerning creating a new population and randomness involvement happening in the population at the solution initialization. Furthermore, the mutation is imposed upon the new chromosomes and hence prevents the achievement of an optimal solution. Therefore, this study presents a new GA that is centered on the natural selection theory and it aims to improve the control of exploitation and exploration. The proposed algorithm is called genetic algorithm based on natural selection theory (GABONST). Two assessments of the GABONST are carried out via (i) application of fifteen renowned benchmark test functions and the comparison of the results with the conventional GA, enhanced ameliorated teaching learning-based optimization (EATLBO), Bat and Bee algorithms. (ii) Apply the GABONST in language identification (LID) through integrating the GABONST with extreme learning machine (ELM) and named (GABONST-ELM). The ELM is considered as one of the most useful learning models for carrying out classifications and regression analysis. The generation of results is carried out grounded upon the LID dataset, which is derived from eight separate languages. The GABONST algorithm has the capability of producing good quality solutions and it also has better control of the exploitation and exploration as compared to the conventional GA, EATLBO, Bat, and Bee algorithms in terms of the statistical assessment. Additionally, the obtained results indicate that (GABONST-ELM)-LID has an effective performance with accuracy reaching up to 99.38%.
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Stasinakis, Panagiotis K., and Michail Kalogiannnakis. "Analysis of a Moodle-based training program about the Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Evolution Theory and Natural Selection." World Journal of Education 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wje.v7n1p14.
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In this study we aim to find out whether a training program for secondary school science teachers which wasorganized based on the model of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), could improve their individual PCK for aspecific scientific issue. The Evolution Theory (ET) and the Natural Selection (NS) were chosen as the scientificissues of interest. Both of them are fundamental in biology teaching, especially the ET which can be taught as aunifying theory of biology. The individual PCK of teachers can be improved by strengthening its components:knowledge, pedagogy and managing the context. The principals and content of the seminar were decided based onthe results of another study among Greek teachers for the characteristics of their PCK about ET, NS and Nature OfScience (NoS). The seminar involved 16 secondary school teachers. We found that all trainees improved theirindividual PCK and felt adequate to teach more effectively the ET and the NS to their students. All participantsthrough the activities they performed, moved to a more constructive and learner-centered teaching style compare towhat they used to do before the training program.
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Cavadas, Bento. "«On the Origin of Species»: Didactic transposition to the curriculum and Portuguese science textbooks (1859-1959)." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 4, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.149.
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This research aimed to contribute to the history of the teaching of Darwinism in the Portuguese curriculum from 1859 to 1959. To this end, it was analysed the didactic transposition of the book On the Origin of Species for the standards and textbooks of Natural Sciences of secondary education. This study showed that some standards did not address Darwinism (Standards of 1856, 1872, 1880, 1886, 1926 and 1929), while others only prescribed the study of some subjects of Darwinism (Standards of 1889 and 1905). The standards of 1895 were the ones that addressed more Darwinists ideas in the 19th century. In the 20th century, the overall approach to Darwinism was related to the study of transformist ideas (Standards of 1919) or evolution (Standards of 1936 and 1954). However, even when the respective standards did not make that prescription, the major part of textbooks addressed the mechanisms of Darwinian evolution: adaptation, variability, growth correlations, heredity, natural selection, vital competition, geographic isolation and sexual selection.
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Whang, Taesun, Dongyub Lee, Dongsuk Oh, Chanhee Lee, Kijong Han, Dong-hun Lee, and Saebyeok Lee. "Do Response Selection Models Really Know What’s Next? Utterance Manipulation Strategies for Multi-turn Response Selection." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 16 (May 18, 2021): 14041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i16.17653.
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In this paper, we study the task of selecting the optimal response given a user and system utterance history in retrieval-based multi-turn dialog systems. Recently, pre-trained language models (e.g., BERT, RoBERTa, and ELECTRA) showed significant improvements in various natural language processing tasks. This and similar response selection tasks can also be solved using such language models by formulating the tasks as dialog--response binary classification tasks. Although existing works using this approach successfully obtained state-of-the-art results, we observe that language models trained in this manner tend to make predictions based on the relatedness of history and candidates, ignoring the sequential nature of multi-turn dialog systems. This suggests that the response selection task alone is insufficient for learning temporal dependencies between utterances. To this end, we propose utterance manipulation strategies (UMS) to address this problem. Specifically, UMS consist of several strategies (i.e., insertion, deletion, and search), which aid the response selection model towards maintaining dialog coherence. Further, UMS are self-supervised methods that do not require additional annotation and thus can be easily incorporated into existing approaches. Extensive evaluation across multiple languages and models shows that UMS are highly effective in teaching dialog consistency, which leads to models pushing the state-of-the-art with significant margins on multiple public benchmark datasets.
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Medetbayeva, Salima A., and Nurlan K. Akhmetov. "Psychological and Pedagogical Problems of Computer-aided Teaching of Natural Sciences." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 20 (October 25, 2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i20.24427.
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Information has become a global inexhaustible resource for mankind, which has entered a new era in the development of civilisation. Today it is important to improve the quality of education by introducing computer technologies in chemistry classes. The purpose of the study was to develop and present the methodological foundations of the development and implementation of computer technologies in the game teaching of chemistry to improve the teaching methods. To achieve this goal, the corresponding tasks were identified, as well as methods for their solution: the analysis and comparative analysis, modelling. Results of the study: the positive and negative factors of the use of modern computer technologies in chemistry classes were identified; the principles of selecting the content of the material using information and communication technologies in teaching were characterised; the methodical foundations of the application and use of information and communication technologies when teaching chemistry were considered. It was concluded that the use of a computer in the educational process contributes to the improvement of teaching methods more than any other technical means at the teacher's disposal. The introduction of information technologies into the educational process significantly changes and ultimately increases the effectiveness of teaching. The practical significance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the methodical foundations of the use of information technologies in chemistry class presented in the paper can be applied in schools and other educational institutions.
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Hadny, Annisa. "PENERAPAN TEORI BIOPHILIC DESIGN DALAM STRATEGI PERANCANGAN SEKOLAH ALAM SEBAGAI SARANA PENDIDIKAN DASAR DI KARANGANYAR." ARSITEKTURA 15, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/arst.v15i2.14912.
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<em>The quality of Indonesia's education in the international rankings is ranked low compared to other countries. On the other hand Indonesia has the potential of nature that can be utilized as a learning method that is with the natural school with nature as a medium of teaching. The use of biophilic design theory becomes important in order to create a natural school environment that can support a good learning atmosphere for learners later. This study aims to determine how appropriate design criteria for designing a planned natural school with biophilic design theory are used. The method used is to study the literacy of the theory and determine the appropriate theory to be used in the design strategy ranging from site selection, site processing, space processing and space quality, mass formation and mass management, and determining the appearance of buildings. Biophilic design design method and process of analysis that is done to produce natural school design design that can optimize the learning process in it.</em>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Natural selection Study and teaching"
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Leslie, Susan Stansbury. "Selecting wildlife and environmental education programs for adult organizations in an urban area." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06162009-063225/.
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Sickel, Aaron J. "Examining beginning biology teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and practice for teaching natural selection." University of Missouri - Columbia, 2013.
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Sayre, Eleanor C. "Advanced Students' Resource Selection in Nearly-Novel Situations." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SayreEC2005.pdf.
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Butterfield, Alexandra. "Employing metacognitive procedures in Natural Science teaching." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20212.
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Thesis (MEdPsych)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Education, both in South Africa and internationally, experiences a number of challenges with regards to the need for improved teaching and learning. South African education is in a state of transformation to address the country's educational needs. In science education specifically, there is a heightened necessity to develop teaching that will respond to distinctive educational needs in the sciences. Many of the educational issues, presented in current literature, are mirrored in my Natural Sciences classroom. Given the benefits of enhanced metacognition for effective learning, this study aimed to investigate the use of metacognitive instruction procedures to improve my Natural Sciences teaching practice. Consequently, it also aimed to explore the influence that this may have on the metacognitive development of my Grade 9 Natural Sciences learners. This research study was based on a social constructivist perspective that views learning as a unique, internalized construction of knowledge from a social interaction, such as teaching. This study was embedded within a paradigm of praxis, with a qualitative action research cycle forming the research methodology and design respectively. Purposeful sampling was used to select nine of my Grade 9 Natural Sciences learners to act as informants for the Grade 9 class. Data was collected in the form of learner reflections, an open-ended questionnaire, a focus-group interview, and a research journal. Furthermore, the data was analysed, using a theoretically founded coding scheme, to identify and interpret significant themes and/or trends. The research findings indicated that the employed metacognitively orientated teaching procedures enhanced my Grade 9 Natural Sciences learners' metacognition. Their metacognitive awareness and reflection abilities improved, as well as their knowledge and regulation of cognition. The teaching techniques also demonstrated the potential to facilitate the development of my learners' conscious thinking, self-discipline, responsibility and active participation in learning - all characteristics envisaged for the ideal South Africa learner. In addition to this, the research process demonstrated the ability to enhance my Natural Sciences teaching practice and the information gained from this study will be used to inform my future teaching practice. I now realise the value of incorporating metacognitive teaching procedures into my lessons, as well as the importance of reflecting on my teaching process and considering the uniqueness of each learner in my class. Additionally, teacher training institutes and educational policy makers may benefit from the information gained from this study, for improving teaching practice. Apart from this, findings attained from this study have the potential to inform future cycles of this action research process or alternatively to be used for other research within the field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onderwys, beide in Suid-Afrika en internasionaal, ervaar 'n aantal uitdagings rakende die behoefte aan verbeterde onderrig en leer. Die Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysstelsel is tans in 'n staat van transformasie om die land se opvoedkundige behoeftes aan te spreek. In die wetenskap-onderwys spesifiek, is daar 'n toenemende noodsaaklikheid om onderrig te ontwikkel wat die unieke onderwysbehoeftes in die wetenskappe kan aanspreek. Baie van die opvoedkundige kwessies soos in huidige literatuur uitgelig, is ook in my Natuurwetenskappe-klaskamer teenwoordig. Gegee die bewese voordele van verbeterde metakognisie vir effektiewe leer, het hierdie navorsingstudie gepoog om die gebruik van metakognitiewe onderrigprosedures vir die verbetering van my Natuurwetenskappe-onderrigpraktyk te ondersoek. Die studie was ook daarop gemik om die invloed van metakognitiewe onderrigprosedures op die metakognitiewe ontwikkeling van my Graad 9 Natuurwetenskappe-leerders, na te vors. Hierdie navorsingstudie is gebaseer op 'n sosiaal-konstruktivistiese leerperspektief wat leer sien as 'n unieke, geïnternaliseerde konstruksie van kennis binne 'n sosiale interaksie, soos onderrig. Hierdie studie is binne 'n paradigma van „praxis‟ ingebed, met aksienavorsing as navorsingsontwerp en daar is van „n kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodologie gebruik gemaak. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om nege van my Graad 9 Natuurwetenskappe-leerders te kies om as informante vir die graad 9-klas op te tree. Data is in die vorm van leerders se refleksies, 'n oop-einde vraelys, 'n fokusgroep-onderhoud, en 'n navorsings- joernaal ingesamel. Verder is die data met behulp van 'n teoretiese koderingskema geanaliseer wat belangrike temas en/of tendense identifiseer en interpreteer. Die navorsing het aangedui dat die metakognitiewe onderrigprosedures wat gebruik is, my Graad 9 Natuurwetenskappe leerders se metakognisie versterk het. Hulle metakognitiewe bewustheid en reflektiewe vermoëns het verbeter, sowel as hulle kennis en regulering van kognisie. Die onderrigtegnieke het ook die potensiaal getoon om die ontwikkeling van my leerders se bewuste denke, self-dissipline, verantwoordelikheid en aktiewe deelname in die leerproses te fasiliteer. Hierdie eienskappe is van dié wat vir die ideale Suid-Afrikaanse leerder beoog word. Benewens hierdie aspekte het die navorsing ook my Natuurwetenskappe-onderrigpraktyk verbeter en die navorsingsbevindinge sal in die toekoms gebruik word om my onderwyspraktyk toe te lig. Ek besef nou die waarde daarvan om metakognitiewe onderrigprosedures in my lesse te inkorporeer, sowel as die belang van refleksie oor my onderrigproses en om die uniekheid van elke leerder in my klas in ag te neem. Onderwys-opleidingsinstellings en opvoedkundige beleidmakers mag uit hierdie navorsing voordeel trek rakende die verbetering van onderwyspraktyk. Afgesien van die bogenoemde, het die navorsingsbevindinge ook die potensiaal om toekomstige siklusse van aksienavorsing toe te lig en om binne verdere navorsing in die veld gebruik te word.
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Mathey, Alain Bernard. "Teaching languages the natural way with visual cues." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/403.
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Kangwa, Evaristo. "An investigation of teachers' mathematical task selection in the Zambia context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001512.
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This research sought to investigate the sources and type of tasks used in the teaching of trigonometry in Zambia’s secondary schools, and to investigate the criteria used and decisions made by teachers in their selection and implementation of tasks. The study was conducted in three different school types located in high cost, medium cost and low cost respectively. One participant was chosen from each of the different categories of schools. The research was located within an interpretive paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, lesson observations and document analysis which include: lesson plans for five consecutive days, pupils’ activity books and three textbooks predominantly used by the teachers. Document analysis was informed by the task analysis guide and essential themes which were used to tease out teachers’ task practice with regard to criteria used and decisions made in the selection and implementation of tasks. Essential themes that were qualitatively established were validated and explicated by the qualitative analysis. The findings of the study indicate that teachers picked tasks from prescribed textbooks. The study further suggests that teachers selected a mix of low and high level tasks, procedures without connections and procedures with connections tasks to be specific. There were no memorisations and doing mathematics tasks. Their choice of tasks was based on the purpose for which the task was intended. Some tasks were selected for the purpose of practicing the procedures and skills, other tasks for the promotion conceptual development. Most of high level tasks decline to low level tasks during implementation. The findings also indicate that teachers selected and implemented a variety of tasks and concepts. Furthermore, teachers presented tasks in various forms of representations and in a variety of ways. However, the results of this study could not be generalized because of the small sample involved. The results presented reflect the views and task practices of the target group. A possibility for future study would be to consider a large population, drawn across the country.
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Sikora, Martin. "Evolutionary genetics of malaria: genetic susceptibility and natural selection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7220.
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Una de les forces selectives més fortes que han afectat a les poblacions humanes en la història més recent és el paràsit de la malària: Plasmodium falciparum, que és la causa de varis exemples d'adaptació induïda per patògens en els éssers humans. Una forma especial de malària és l'associada a l'embaràs, que es caracteritza per l'acumulació d'eritròcits infectats en la placenta, i que pot arribar a causar fins a 200.000 morts maternoinfantils cada any. L'objectiu d'aquest treball és descriure com aquesta forma peculiar de malària ha afectat la variació genètica humana. Amb aquesta finalitat, hem utilitzat mètodes tant de la genètica evolutiva com de l'epidemiologia molecular, resultant en la primera investigació a gran escala de la base genètica de la malària placentària. Els resultats ofereixen una nova visió sobre els gens que modulen el risc d'infecció, ,així com de la selecció natural actuant sobre les vies cel·lulars implicades en la patogènesi de la malaltia. Finalment, també aportem noves dades sobre l'estructura genètica de les poblacions sub-saharianes analitzades.One of the strongest selective forces affecting human populations in recent history is the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, which is the cause of a variety of well-established examples of pathogen-induced adaptation in humans. A special form of malaria is pregnancy-associated malaria, which is characterised by the accumulation of infected erythrocytes in the placenta, and causes up to 200,000 maternal and infant deaths every year. The aim of this work is to characterise how this particular form of malaria has shaped human genetic variation. To that end we use methods of both evolutionary genetics and molecular epidemiology, reporting the first large-scale investigation of the genetic basis of placental infection. Our results provide new insights into genes modulating the risk of infection, as well as natural selection acting on cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Finally, we also provide new data on the genetic structure of affected populations in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Rhode, Clint. "Signatures of selection in natural and cultured Abalone (Haliotis midae) : a population genomics study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79895.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African abalone, Haliotis midae, commonly known as perlemoen, is an economically important gastropod mollusc. Historically, this species maintained a lucrative fisheries sector; however with increasingly lower landings there has now been a shift to aquaculture. Efforts to conserve natural populations and to improve abalone aquaculture production are thus running in parallel. Previous studies reported significant disparities in parental contributions in aquaculture populations that could explain the rapid divergence of commercial stocks from wild populations. Furthermore, subtle, but significant, population differentiation has also been reported for wild populations on the west-, south-, and east coast of the South African coastline. This study therefore aimed to investigate the evolutionary forces, in particularly selection, facilitating population divergence in wild and cultured H. midae populations using a population genomics approach. By using both microsatellite- and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers it was found that approximately 10% to 27% of the H. midae genome may be influenced by selection. When incorporating these loci into analyses of population differentiation (e.g. AMOVA, factorial correspondence analysis and estimates of genetic distance) there was a marked increase in genetic divergence between wild and cultured populations (especially when using microsatellite loci) and amongst populations from different geographic regions (particularly supported by the SNP loci). The differences in population clustering as highlighted by microsatellite- and SNP markers can most likely be attributed to the genomic distribution of the respective loci: The SNP markers were developed from EST sequences and therefore mostly represents protein structural variation; whereas the microsatellite markers, found to be putatively under selection, were mainly located in regulatory motifs. The results of this study therefore confirmed previous observations of divergence amongst wild- and cultured populations, but more importantly demonstrated that selection is an important factor driving this divergence. In wild populations selection probably facilitates adaptation to local environmental conditions, whilst amongst aquaculture population adaptation to captivity, husbandry practices and artificial selection may be important determinants. There is evidence for population bottlenecks in wild- and cultured populations; nonetheless long-term effective population sizes seem to be large. Amongst the wild populations, however, short-term population sizes appear to be small most likely due to differential spawning rates amongst reproductively active animals leading to temporal fluctuation in genetic diversity. The results indicate that contact between wild and cultured abalone should be minimised to prevent any adverse effects due to outbreeding depression. With regards to conservation, an emphasis on maintaining adaptive diversity of the wild stocks might be warranted. Continued genetic monitoring is advisable for both wild and cultured abalone populations as to optimally manage the abalone resource for both conservation and commercial viability and sustainability.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse perlemoen, Haliotis midae, is 'n ekonomies belangrike buikpotige weekdier. Histories het hierdie spesie 'n winsgewende vissery gehandhaaf, maar met steeds dalende vangste is daar nou 'n verskuiwing na akwakultuur. Pogings om natuurlike populasies te bewaar en perlemoen te verbeter vir verhoogde akwakultuur produksie loop dus in parallel. Vorige studies het bevind dat beduidende verskille in ouerlike bydraes tot die nageslag, in akwakultuur populasies, kan verduidelik hoekom die populasies so vinnig divergeer van die wilde voorouers. Verder, is subtiele, maar betekenisvolle genetiese differensiasie tussen wilde populasies aan die wes-, suid-en ooskus van die land gevind. Hierdie studie is dus daarop gemik om ondersoek in te stel na die mate waartoe verskeie evolusionêre prosesse, in besonder seleksie, die populasie divergensie in beide wilde en gekweekte H. midae teweegbring deur gebruik te maak van ‘n populasie genomika benadering. Deur gebruik te maak van beide mikrosatelliet- en enkel nukleotied polimorfisme (ENP) merkers is dit bevind dat ongeveer 10% tot 27% van die H. midae genoom moontlik beïnvloed word deur seleksie. Met die gebruik van loki onder seleksie tydens die ontleding van populasie differensiasie (bv. AMOVA, faktoriaal korrespondensie analise en genetiese afstand ramings) was daar 'n merkbare toename in genetiese divergensie tussen wilde- en gekweekte populasies (veral wanneer mikrosatelliet loki gebruik is) en onder die populasies vanuit verskillende geografiese gebiede (veral ondersteun deur die ENP loki). Die verskille in die populasie groeperings soos uitgelig deur die mikrosatelliet- en ENP-merkers kan waarskynlik toegeskryf word aan die genomiese verspreiding van die onderskeie loki: Die ENP-merkers is ontwikkel vanaf uitgedrukte volgorde merker (UVM) volgordes en daarom verteenwoordig dit meestal proteïen strukturele veranderinge, terwyl mikrosatelliet merkers eerder in regulatoriese motiewe geleë is. Die resultate van hierdie studie steun dus vorige waarnemings, maar meer belangrik, het dit getoon dat seleksie ‘n betekenisvolle faktor in populasie divergensie in beide wilde en gekweekte populasies is. In wilde populasies fasiliteer seleksie waarskynlik die aanpassing tot plaaslike omgewingstoestande terwyl seleksie onder die gekweekte populasies teweeggebring kan word as gevolg van aanpassing tot aanhouding, boerdery praktyke en kunsmatige seleksie. Daar is bewyse vir populasie bottelnekke in wilde- en gekweekte populasies; tog blyk langtermyn effektiewe populasiegroottes om redelik groot te wees. Onder die wilde populasies is egter gevind dat kort-termyn populasiegroottes klein kan wees, waarskynlik as gevolg van differensiële broeikoerse onder reproduktiewe diere. Dit het tot gevolg dat daar beduidende fluktuasies is in temporale genetiese diversiteit. Die resultate dui daarop dat kontak tussen wilde en gekweekte perlemoen tot 'n minimum beperk moet word om enige nadelige effekte weens uitteling depressie te voorkom. Verder, met betrekking tot bewaring, is ‘n klem op die handhawing van aangepaste genetiese diversitiet dalk geregverdig. Voortgesette genetiese monitering word aanbeveel vir beide wilde- en gekweekte perlemoen populasies ter wille van die optimale bestuur van die perlemoen hulpbron vir beide bewaring en kommersiële lewensvatbaarheid en volhoubaarheid.
International Foundation for Science
National Research Foundation of South Africa
Stellenbosch University
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Hed, Helen M. E. "Opportunity for natural selection in Sweden : a study of childhood mortality and differential reproductivity." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61320.
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Opportunity for natural selection in human populations has so far mainly been studied on anthropological data for tribal populations or on census data for nations. The present study is mainly based on data on individual lifehistories but also, for part of the longitudinal study, on census data. Six of the populations, Nedertorneå, Tuna, Svinnegarn, Trosa, Locknevi and Fleninge are parishes. These sets of data covers the period 1800-1850 as defined by the birthyears of the women. The data for the longitudinal study are derived from two sources, a biography over all clergymen in the diocese of Linköping, covering the period 1600-1845, and material published by the National Swedish Central Bureau of Statistics (SCB) that covers the period 1750-1980. For each subpopulation data on childhood mortality and female fertility has been collected and from these data Crow's index of opportunity for natural selection has been calculated. The original index has also been modified in order to estimate the importance of childlessness in relation to the total index. The study shows that for the periods and the populations studied, there is a considerable opportunity for natural selection both through mortality and through differential fertility and that, during our century, differential fertility has become the main asset for natural selection, as mortality has been reduced to very low levels. It is also obvious that childlessness is an important factor as regards natural selection in human populations. The cross-sectional study shows significant differences between the populations for all components of the index. The longitudinal study covers when, the two sets of data are combined, a period of over 350 years, 1600-1980. Over this period changes in index of opportunity for natural selection have occured but these changes are not very drastic as compared to other longitudinal studies. However, within a separate region there can be drastic changes in index between decades and there are large differences between regions. Mortality and fertility patterns have been studied from different angles. With the exception for the census data, each woman in the study has be followed from 16 to 40 years of age and each of her children (if any) has be followed from birth to 16 years of age or death, if prior. Therefore it was possible to obtain distributions for age at first childbirth, sibship size, succesful sibship size, childhood mortality by age at death, female mortality, and childlessness, total and marital. In some cases a study of sex ratio at birth and at 16 years of age, and birth intervals, have been made. Statistical analysis of the results shows significant differences between populations for all tests that have been applied. The Linköping data was analysed for differences between periods. Significant differences were found for all of the parameters with the exception of female mortality.Härtill 5 uppsatser
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Stahl, Karen Ann. "TEACHING VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS CLOTHING SELECTION THROUGH AUDIO AND PRINT INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION (CASE STUDY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275328.
Full textBooks on the topic "Natural selection Study and teaching"
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Discovering nature with young people: An annotated bibliography and selection guide. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987.
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Bernstorff, Florian. Darwin, Darwinismus und Moralpädagogik: Zu den ideengeschichtlichen Voraussetzungen des Darwinismus und seiner Rezeption im deutschsprachigen pädagogischen Diskurs des späten 19. Jahrhunderts. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt, 2009.
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Dempster, E. Crossing over: The basics of evolution : workbook for teachers. Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC Press, 2006.
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Clearly seen: Constructing solid arguments for design. Dallas, Texas: Institute for Creation Research, 2012.
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Kramer, David C. Animals in the classroom: Selection, care, and observations. Menlo Park, Calif: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1989.
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Kramer, David C. Animals in the classroom: Selection, care, and observations. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 1989.
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941-, Qian Kun 1., ed. Shen pan Da'erwen. Beijing: Zhong yang bian yi chu ban she, 1999.
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Darwin on trial. 2nd ed. Downers Grove, Ill: InterVarsity Press, 1993.
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E, Johnson Phillip. Darwin on trial. Washington, D.C: Regnery Gateway, 1991.
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Joy, Edmunds, ed. Natural learning and mathematics. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Natural selection Study and teaching"
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Manly, Bryan F. J. "The study of evidence for natural selection." In The Statistics of Natural Selection on Animal Populations, 1–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4840-2_1.
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Li, Yahui, Muyun Yang, Tiejun Zhao, Dequan Zheng, and Sheng Li. "An Empirical Study on Incorporating Prior Knowledge into BLSTM Framework in Answer Selection." In Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, 683–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73618-1_58.
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Taber, Keith S. "Representing Evolution in Science Education: The Challenge of Teaching About Natural Selection." In Science Education: A Global Perspective, 71–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32351-0_4.
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Theodorakis, Christopher W., and Lee R. Shugart. "Natural Selection in Contaminated Environments: A Case Study Using RAPD Genotypes." In Genetics and Ecotoxicology, 123–49. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075431-7.
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Ghosh, Soumya, Mrinmoy Majumder, and Debasri Roy. "Fuzzy-Based Impact Analysis Study on Site Selection of Tidal Power Plants." In Application of Nature Based Algorithm in Natural Resource Management, 189–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5152-1_13.
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Christenson, Terry E. "Natural selection and reproduction: A study of the golden orb-weaving spider." In Contemporary issues in comparative psychology., 149–74. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11525-007.
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Blankenhorn, Wolf. "The quantitative study of sexual and natural selection in the wild and in the laboratory." In Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms, 301–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02624-9_11.
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Ergazaki, Marida. "The Idea of ‘Precursor Models’ in Biology Learning Environments for Young Children: The Cases of Genetic Inheritance and Natural Selection." In Precursor Models for Teaching and Learning Science During Early Childhood, 169–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08158-3_10.
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Atzeni, Gianfranco, Luca G. Deidda, Marco Delogu, and Dimitri Paolini. "Drop-Out Decisions in a Cohort of Italian Universities." In Teaching, Research and Academic Careers, 71–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07438-7_4.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we study the determinants of student drop-out decisions using data on a cohort of over 230,000 students enrolled in the Italian university system. The empirical analysis reveals that the probability of dropping out of university negatively correlates with high school grades and student age, controlling for the course of study and university fixed effects. The benchmark estimation suggests a negative correlation between high school final grade and drop-out probability. We also find that enrolling late at the university increases the likelihood of dropping out. In line with the literature, our results suggest that women have a lower propensity to drop out. Our dataset allows differentiating between students who leave their homes to enroll at university (off-site students) and on-site students. We find that off-site students drop out significantly less than those who study in their hometowns. We provide significant evidence that off-site students are a self-selected sample of the total population. Accordingly, we use an instrumental variable (IV) approach to identify the causal relationship. The IV estimation shows that studying off-site negatively affects drop-out decisions and more so for students growing up in the south of Italy who typically study off-site in the Center-North of Italy. Taking advantage of a more detailed dataset concerning students enrolled at the Università di Sassari, we show that the choice of the degree is also important to predict the magnitude of drop-out. Specifically, we resort to a bivariate probit specification to account for self-selection into the course of study, finding that the estimates of the determinants of drop-out and the predicted probabilities are heavily affected. Accounting for self-selection, we show that an unconditional comparison among degrees is misleading, as some degrees attract more heterogeneous students than others, as far as skills and motivation are concerned. For instance, regarding the effect of gender, we show that while the estimation without selection suggests that women drop out less, once we account for selection, the contribution of women to drop-out becomes either positive or negative, depending on which course of study they choose. In line with these results, policymakers should tailor drop-out reducing policy interventions to the specificities of each course of study.
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Dewsbury, Donald A. "Deer mice as a case study in the operation of natural selection via differential reproductive success." In Contemporary issues in comparative psychology., 129–48. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11525-006.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Natural selection Study and teaching"
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Rahman, Haji, and Mehtab Hameed. "Teaching and Learning with Smartphone: Qualitative Explorative Study from Pakistan." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8015.
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This paper investigates the perceptions of teachers and students about using smartphone for teaching and learning practices in private sector universities of Islamabad through cross-sectional based qualitative explorative study. Focus group interviews were conducted from teachers and students through self-selection sampling technique. Current study is guided by Grounded Theory for which semi-structured questionnaire was adopted and modified. The results suggested two categories of teachers, Realistic and Idealistic. Realist teachers believe that they have to follow and act according to principles of reality that prevailes on ground. Idealist teachers believe that their job is to enlarge the intellectual capacity of students with focus on cognitive development rather vocational training. To sum up, integration of modern technologies like smartphone in higher education stimulates to adopt creative and innovative ways for teaching and learning practices because of its bilateral, media-rich and knowledge sharing nature thus necessary for gaining competitive advantage. Few restrictions were faced by researchers. The study is limited to city of Islamabad only. A practical implication of this study along with few recommendations for future research is also given. Keywords:Teaching; learning; smartphone; perceptions; private universities.
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González, Alexander, and Julie Waldron. "How to Integrate Ergonomics and Sustainability in Architecture Workshops?" In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001332.
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The current challenges regarding climate variations and energy consumption rates are pushing designers, architects and engineers to create strategies to improve the efficiency of new systems, as well as those already existent. In this effort to find more solutions, systems are frequently over passing the limits of the human body; affecting its health, comfort, happiness and the positive perception of the built environment. This paper contains the design of a Workshop in “Sustainability + Ergonomics” in architecture teaching. The aim of this Workshop is to encourage undergraduate students to integrate the concepts of Sustainability and Ergonomics in their professional practice. The content of the course is divided in two: 1) learning the natural environmental phenomena and 2) understanding the human body response to environmental factors for buildings´ design, with a group of experts. In order to structure the aims of this Workshop, a review of the courses in Architecture Schools from Latin-American Universities was made, to verify the inclusion of Ergonomics and Sustainability topics. Subsequently, there was a selection of the main objectives in each field of study evaluated and according to this, a theoretical and practical exercise was designed which integrated the findings of the academic review.
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Wan, Jun, Liu Sifeng, and Yao Tianxiang. "The Sample Number Selection Rules Study on Grey Forecast Model." In 2008 Fourth International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2008.839.
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Chan, Gaik-Yee, and Chee-Tong Khoh. "Enhancing decision of supplier selection using a genetic algorithm: A case study." In 2014 10th International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2014.6975854.
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Chanetsa, Tarisai, and Umesh Ramnarain. "DEVELOPMENT OF A LESSON OBSERVATION SCHEDULE TO DOCUMENT PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE FOR NATURE OF SCIENCE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end064.
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"The study describes the development of a lesson observation schedule, to document Science teacher pedagogical content knowledge for nature of science (PCKNOS) and a subsequent pilot study to test the instrument. The objective of the study was to develop an observation schedule that could document enacted PCKNOS. NOS refers to the epistemology and sociology of science, science as a way of knowing and understanding the natural world, and the role of values and beliefs of the scientific community in the development of scientific knowledge (Lederman, 1998; Lederman and Lederman, 2004). Shulman (1986) has defined pedagogical content knowledge as the intersection of the knowledge a teacher has of the subject material (content) and the translation of that knowledge into an accessible format for the learners (pedagogy). The ability of teachers to transform their understanding of NOS into a context suitable to facilitate student learning of NOS is known as PCK for NOS (Faikhamta, 2013). This PCK refers to a teacher’s knowledge of which NOS aspects can be addressed in the teaching of science topics, an appropriate selection of instructional material or media and the correct use of metaphors, analogies or other pedagogical tools (Haunscin, Lee, & Akerson, 2011). According to literature, paper methodologies such as content representation and the pedagogical and professional experience repertoires (Betram and Loughran, 2011) are commonly used to measure science teachers’ planned or espoused PCK. This study aimed to measure enacted PCK through lesson observation. The researcher developed a lesson observation schedule based on Aydeniz and Kirbulut’s (2014) instrument to measure pre-service science teachers’ topic specific PCK and included NOS aspects as presented in curriculum documents for science education. The schedule was piloted on two teachers through analyzing recorded lessons as the study was carried out during COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Two raters were used to document teacher PCKNOS using the schedule and it was found to be suitable to measure PCKNOS."
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Ramadhana, Muhammad Affan, and Patricya Febiola Rudhy Noble. "Lesson Study Activities in Teaching English: A View from Undergraduate Students' Research." In The 2nd International Conference on Natural and Social Sciences. Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30605/iconss.98.
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Han, D., and W. Yan. "Validation of the Gamma Test for Model Input Data Selection - with a Case Study in Evaporation Estimation." In 2009 Fifth International Conference on Natural Computation. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2009.796.
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Kralova, Eva. "MOTIVATION AND ATTITUDES OF MEDICAL STUDENTS TOWARDS TEACHING AND LEARNING NATURAL SCIENCES." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Baltic Symposium on Science and Technology Education (BalticSTE2017). Scientia Socialis Ltd., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/balticste/2017.69.
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Attitudes of medical students towards teaching and learning of natural sciences as an inevitable part of medical curriculum are often negative and lack of motivation is observed. Research project is focused on the identification and subsequently application of motivating approaches in the teaching. Pedagogical investigation using anonymous questionnaire was used with the aim to specify respondents (1st year students of Comenius University Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava) motivation and attitudes towards teaching and learning natural sciences before starting medicine study and after 1st semester of medicine study. Keywords: university medical education, students’ motivation, natural sciences.
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Wang, Chao, Xin Fang, Sa Yang, and Biao Huang. "The Study of Teaching Reform Project Pool Management System in Applied College." In 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Natural Computing (CINC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cinc.2009.26.
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Ramaila, Sam. "TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN NATURAL SCIENCES TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SOUTH AFRICAN TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end022.
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This study examined technology integration in Natural Sciences teaching and learning in South African township schools. A mixed method approach was adopted as part of an exploratory descriptive survey design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations as well as administration of open-ended survey questionnaire. The study involved purposively selected grade 9 Natural Sciences teachers and learners as participants. The empirical investigation is underpinned by technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) as the underlying theoretical framework. The participants demonstrated a positive disposition about technology integration in Natural Sciences teaching and learning. In particular, technology integration was perceived to provide opportunities for the enhancement of meaningful Natural Sciences teaching and learning in township schools. Digital resources were largely viewed as essential educational tools that can be deployed to demystify abstract scientific concepts with a view to enhance scientific literacy. Theoretical implications for technology-enhanced teaching and learning are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Natural selection Study and teaching"
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Elacqua, Gregory, Leidy Gómez, Thomas Krussig, Carolina Méndez, and Christopher Neilson. The Potential of Smart Matching Platforms in Teacher Assignment: The Case of Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004476.
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This paper studies the potential of personalized "smart" information interven- tions to improve teacher assignment results in the context of a centralized choice and assignment system (CCAS) in Ecuador. Specifically, we focus on the impact that a personalized non-assignment risk warning, coupled with a list of "achiev- able" teaching position recommendations, had on teacher applications in the “I Want to Become a Teacher” selection process. We study the causal effect of the intervention on teachers school choices, assessing its impact on the equilibrium probability of being assigned and on the overall results of the selection process, both in terms of the percentage of filled vacancies and the selection scores of as- signed teachers. We find that treated teachers, in equilibrium, are much more likely to modify their application and obtain an assignment. This result highlights the potential of similar information interventions in other contexts. We furthermore present evidence that the intervention led to increased overall assignment rates and selection scores.
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Elacqua, Gregory, Leidy Gómez, Thomas Krussig, Luana Marotta, Carolina Méndez, and Christopher Neilson. The Potential of Smart Matching Platforms in Teacher Assignment: The Case of Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004527.
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This paper studies the potential of personalized "smart" information interventions to improve teacher assignment results in the context of a centralized choice and assignment system (CCAS) in Ecuador. Specifically, we focus on the impact that a personalized non-assignment risk warning, coupled with a list of "achievable" teaching position recommendations, had on teacher applications in the “I Want to Become a Teacher” selection process. We study the causal effect of the intervention on teachers school choices, assessing its impact on the equilibrium probability of being assigned and on the overall results of the selection process, both in terms of the percentage of filled vacancies and the selection scores of as- signed teachers. We find that treated teachers, in equilibrium, are much more likely to modify their application and obtain an assignment. This result highlights the potential of similar information interventions in other contexts. We furthermore present evidence that the intervention led to increased overall assignment rates and selection scores.
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Лов’янова, І. В. Форми професійно спрямованого навчання математики у профільній школі. The Academy of Management and Administration in Opole, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/2355.
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Objective of the study presented in this article: identify forms of professionally directed teaching mathematics at profile schools. Identify the criteria of selection forms. Show features of the external forms by: lecture, seminar, game. The functions described lesson lectures aimed at professional training. Types of lectures in methodical system of professional training aimed. Show of the classification and choice of the seminar and games. Conclusions from the study indicate described the use of forms depending of level studies of mathematics.
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Yusrina, Asri, Ulfah Alifia, Shintia Revina, Rezanti Putri Pramana, and Luhur Bima. Is the Game Worth the Candle? Examining the Effectiveness of Initial Teacher Education in Indonesia. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/106.
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An impactful teacher education programme equips teachers with knowledge and skills to improve their effectiveness. Empirical findings on the effectiveness of teacher preparation programmes show that the accountability of institutions and teachers should not only be based on the knowledge or skills produced but also on student learning. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a pre-service teacher education programme in Indonesia, known as Pendidikan Profesi Guru Prajabatan or PPG. PPG is a one-year full-time programme in addition to four years of undergraduate teacher education (Bachelor of Education). PPG graduate teachers pass a selection process and receive a teaching certificate upon completion of the programme. We use mixed methods to understand the differences in the outcome of PPG graduates majoring in primary school teacher education to their counterparts who did not attend PPG. To estimate the impact of PPG, we exploit the combination of rules and events in the selection process which allows us to estimate the impact of PPG on teacher performance using fuzzy regression discontinuity design (RDD). Once we attest to the validity of the fuzzy RDD, we find that PPG has no impact on a teacher’s professional knowledge and student outcomes in numeracy and literacy. We argue that this is due to the ineffective selection mechanism in distinguishing the PPG and the comparison group. We conclude that as an initial teacher training programme, PPG did not improve teacher effectiveness. Despite incorporating best practices from effective teacher training into the programme design, PPG does not appear capable of producing a higher-quality teacher.
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Bilous, Vladyslav V., Volodymyr V. Proshkin, and Oksana S. Lytvyn. Development of AR-applications as a promising area of research for students. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4409.
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The article substantiates the importance of using augmented reality in the educational process, in particular, in the study of natural and mathematical disciplines. The essence of AR (augmented reality), characteristics of AR hardware and software, directions and advantages of using AR in the educational process are outlined. It has proven that AR is a unique tool that allows educators to teach the new digital generation in a readable, comprehensible, memorable and memorable format, which is the basis for developing a strong interest in learning. Presented the results of the international study on the quality of education PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) which stimulated the development of the problem of using AR in mathematics teaching. Within the limits of realization of research work of students of the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University the AR-application on mathematics is developed. To create it used tools: Android Studio, SDK, ARCore, QR Generator, Math pattern. A number of markers of mathematical objects have been developed that correspond to the school mathematics course (topic: “Polyhedra and Functions, their properties and graphs”). The developed AR tools were introduced into the process of teaching students of the specialty “Mathematics”. Prospects of research in development of a technique of training of separate mathematics themes with use of AR have been defined.
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Goncharenko, Tatiana, Nataliia Yermakova-Cherchenko, and Yelyzaveta Anedchenko. Experience in the Use of Mobile Technologies as a Physics Learning Method. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4468.
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Swift changes in society, related to sciences technicians’ development, technologies, by the increase of general volume of information, pull out new requirements for maintenance, structure, and quality of education. It requires teachers to diversify a tool in the direction of the increase in possibilities of the use of mobile technologies and computer systems. Lately in the world, more attention spared to the use of mobile learning, which in obedience to «Recommendations of UNESCO on the questions of a policy in the area of mobile learning» foresees the use of mobile technology, both separate and together with other by informational computer technologies. [1]. Mobile learning allows using the open informational systems, global educational networks, unique digital resources which belong to different educational establishments and co-operate with each other. The use of existent educational resources and creation of own, based on the academic resources from informative space, allows to promote the interest of students to the study of physics, to take into account the individual features, and also features of region and framework of society of the country. During the last years in Ukraine competency-based approach to the organization of studies certainly one of basic. The new Education Act addresses the key competencies that every modern person needs for a successful life, including mathematical competence; competence in natural sciences, engineering, and technology; innovation; information and communication competence [2]. This further emphasizes the importance of providing students with quality physical education and the problems associated with it. Using mobile technology in professional teaching work, the teacher has the opportunity to implement the basic principles of the competence approach in teaching physics. An analysis of the data provided in the official reports of the Ukrainian Center for Educational Quality Assessment showed that the number of students making an external independent assessment in physics and choosing a future profession related to physics has decreased significantly. This is due to the loss of students' interest in physics and the complexity of the content of the subject, as well as the increase in the amount of information that students need to absorb. In this article, we explore the possibilities of mobile technology as a means of teaching physics students and give our own experience of using mobile technology in the process of teaching physics (for example, the optics section in primary school).
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Pererva, Victoria V., Olena O. Lavrentieva, Olena I. Lakomova, Olena S. Zavalniuk, and Stanislav T. Tolmachev. The technique of the use of Virtual Learning Environment in the process of organizing the future teachers' terminological work by specialty. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3868.
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This paper studies the concept related to E-learning and the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) and their role in organizing future teachers’ terminological work by specialty. It is shown the creation and use of the VLE is a promising approach in qualitative restructuring of future specialists’ vocation training, a suitable complement rather than a complete replacement of traditional learning. The concept of VLE has been disclosed; its structure has been presented as a set of components, such as: the Data-based component, the Communication-based, the Management-and-Guiding ones, and the virtual environments. Some VLE’s potential contributions to the organization of terminological work of future biology teachers’ throughout a traditional classroom teaching, an independent work, and during the field practices has been considered. The content of professionally oriented e-courses “Botany with Basis of Geobotany” and “Latin. Botany Terminology” has been revealed; the ways of working with online definer (guide), with UkrBIN National Biodiversity Information Network, with mobile apps for determining the plant species, with digital virtual herbarium, with free software have been shown. The content of students’ activity in virtual biological laboratories and during virtual tours into natural environment has been demonstrated. The explanations about the potential of biological societies in social networks in view of students’ terminology work have been given. According to the results of empirical research, the expediency of using VLEs in the study of professional terminology by future biology teachers has been confirmed.
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Melnyk, Iurii. JUSTIFICATION OF OCCUPATION IN GERMAN (1938) AND RUSSIAN (2014) MEDIA: SUBSTITUTION OF AGGRESSOR AND VICTIM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11101.
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The article is dedicated to the examination and comparison of the justification of occupation of a neighboring country in the German (1938) and Russian (2014) media. The objective of the study is to reveal the mechanics of the application of the classical manipulative method of substituting of aggressor and victim on the material of German and Russian propaganda in 1938 and in 2014 respectively. According to the results of the study, clear parallels between the two information strategies can be traced at the level of the condemnation of internal aggression against a national minority loyal to Berlin / Moscow and its political representative (the Sudeten Germans – the pro-Russian Ukrainians, as well as the security forces of the Yanukovych regime); the reflections on dangers that Czechoslovakia / Ukraine poses to itself and to its neighbors; condemnation of the violation of the cultural rights of the minority that the occupier intends to protect (German language and culture – Russian language and culture); the historical parallels designed to deepen the modern conflict, to show it as a long-standing and a natural one (“Hussites” – “Banderites”). In the manipulative strategy of both media, the main focus is not on factual fabrication, but on the bias selection of facts, due to which the reader should have an unambiguous understanding of who is the permanent aggressor in the conflict (Czechoslovakia, Czechs – Ukraine, Ukrainians), and who is the permanent victim (Germans – Russians, Russian speakers). The substitution of victim and aggressor in the media in both cases became one of the most important manipulative strategies designed to justify the German occupation of part of Czechoslovakia and the Russian occupation of part of Ukraine.
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Prusky, Dov, Noel Keen, and John Browse. Modulation of the synthesis of the main preformed antifungal compound as abasis for the prevention of postharvest disease of C. gloeosporioides in avocado fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575273.bard.
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The most important pathological factor limiting fruit life after harvest in subtropical fruits are quiescent infections of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Prusky and Keen elucidated the mechanism of resistance in avocado fruits to quiescent infections of C. gloeosporioides and determined that the major biocide involved is the preformed compound,1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-13, 15 diene. Two possibilities exist for maintaining fungitoxic levels of antifungal compounds in the tissue of ripening fruits: (i). Prevention of catabolism (ii). Induction of synthesis. Previous work has demonstrated that increased fruit susceptibility after fruit harvest occurs through diene catabolism mediated by oxidation of the antifungal compound by the enzyme lipoxygenase. Levels of a non-specific inhibitor, epicatechin, in turn, regulate activity of lipoxygenase, present in the peel of unripe but not ripe fruit. In this proposal, we examined the possibility of exploiting induced synthesis of the antifungal compound for the study of the synthetic pathway. The general objective of the present research was to study the mechanism of biosynthesis of natural antifungal compounds in order to regulate the process of resistance to postharvest diseases in ripening avocado fruits. The specific objectives of the research were: 1. To localize synthesis of the antifungal diene and modulate the process by biotic or a biotic elicitors. 2. To determine the relation between synthesis of the diene and accumulation in the peel and fruit resistance to decay 3. To characterize the biosynthetic pathway and the diene and the genes involved. The analysis of the antifungal compounds in avocado resulted in the detection of a new antifungal compound (E, Z, Z)-1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo- heneicosa-5, 12,15-triene. This new compound was shown to inhibit spore germination of C. gloeosporioides similarly as the antifungal diene. We had localized one of the biosynthetic places of these antifungal compounds in specialized idioblast cells (oil cells) in the mesocarp that can be easily enhanced by elicitors as ethylene. Results have also suggested that the antifungal compounds can be "exported" from the mesocarp to the pericarp where its main activity takes place. The search for the biosynthesis of antifungal compounds and the genes involved took two directions i. direct search for specific genes involved in the synthesis of the diene and ii. Indirect selection of genes using the differential display library. We have cloned , The most important pathological factor limiting fruit life after harvest in subtropical fruits are quiescent infections of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Prusky and Keen elucidated the mechanism of resistance in avocado fruits to quiescent infections of C. gloeosporioides and determined that the major biocide involved is the preformed compound,1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-13, 15 diene. Two possibilities exist for maintaining fungitoxic levels of antifungal compounds in the tissue of ripening fruits: (i). Prevention of catabolism (ii). Induction of synthesis. Previous work has demonstrated that increased fruit susceptibility after fruit harvest occurs through diene catabolism mediated by oxidation of the antifungal compound by the enzyme lipoxygenase. Levels of a non-specific inhibitor, epicatechin, in turn, regulate activity of lipoxygenase, present in the peel of unripe but not ripe fruit. In this proposal, we examined the possibility of exploiting induced synthesis of the antifungal compound for the study of the synthetic pathway. The general objective of the present research was to study the mechanism of biosynthesis of natural antifungal compounds in order to regulate the process of resistance to postharvest diseases in ripening avocado fruits. The specific objectives of the research were: 1. To localize synthesis of the antifungal diene and modulate the process by biotic or a biotic elicitors. 2. To determine the relation between synthesis of the diene and accumulation in the peel and fruit resistance to decay 3. To characterize the biosynthetic pathway and the diene and the genes involved. The analysis of the antifungal compounds in avocado resulted in the detection of a new antifungal compound (E, Z, Z)-1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo- heneicosa-5, 12,15-triene. This new compound was shown to inhibit spore germination of C. gloeosporioides similarly as the antifungal diene. We had localized one of the biosynthetic places of these antifungal compounds in specialized idioblast cells (oil cells) in the mesocarp that can be easily enhanced by elicitors as ethylene. Results have also suggested that the antifungal compounds can be "exported" from the mesocarp to the pericarp where its main activity takes place. The search for the biosynthesis of antifungal compounds and the genes involved took two directions i. direct search for specific genes involved in the synthesis of the diene and ii. Indirect selection of genes using the differential display library. We have cloned D9 and D12 desaturase, a protein kinase and a elongase that their transcriptional activation is significantly enhanced during the enhanced synthesis of the antifungal diene. Although we are far away from a complete elucidation of the synthesis of the antifungal compound we have stepped forward determining some of the key steps that might be involved in its synthesis.
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Altstein, Miriam, and Ronald Nachman. Rationally designed insect neuropeptide agonists and antagonists: application for the characterization of the pyrokinin/Pban mechanisms of action in insects. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7587235.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The general objective of this BARD project focused on rationally designed insect neuropeptide (NP) agonists and antagonists, their application for the characterization of the mechanisms of action of the pyrokinin/PBAN (PK-PBAN) family and the development of biostable, bioavailable versions that can provide the basis for development of novel, environmentally-friendly pest insect control agents. The specific objectives of the study, as originally proposed, were to: (i) Test stimulatory potencies of rationally designed backbone cyclic (BBC) peptides on pheromonotropic, melanotropic, myotropic and pupariation activities; (ii) Test the inhibitory potencies of the BBC compounds on the above activities evoked either by synthetic peptides (PBAN, LPK, myotropin and pheromonotropin) or by the natural endogenous mechanism; (iii) Determine the bioavailability of the most potent BBC compounds that will be found in (ii); (iv) Design, synthesize and examine novel PK/PBAN analogs with enhanced bioavailability and receptor binding; (v) Design and synthesize ‘magic bullet’ analogs and examine their ability to selectively kill cells expressing the PK/PBAN receptor. To achieve these goals the agonistic and antagonistic activities/properties of rationally designed linear and BBC neuropeptide (NP) were thoroughly studied and the information obtained was further used for the design and synthesis of improved compounds toward the design of an insecticide prototype. The study revealed important information on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of agonistic/antagonistic peptides, including definitive identification of the orientation of the Pro residue as trans for agonist activity in 4 PK/PBANbioassays (pheromonotropic, pupariation, melanotropic, & hindgut contractile) and a PK-related CAP₂b bioassay (diuretic); indications that led to the identification of a novel scaffold to develop biostbiostable, bioavailable peptidomimetic PK/PBANagonists/antagonists. The work led to the development of an arsenal of PK/PBAN antagonists with a variety of selectivity profiles; whether between different PKbioassays, or within the same bioassay between different natural elicitors. Examples include selective and non-selective BBC and novel amphiphilic PK pheromonotropic and melanotropic antagonists some of which are capable of penetrating the moth cuticle in efficacious quantities. One of the latter analog group demonstrated unprecedented versatility in its ability to antagonize a broad spectrum of pheromonotropic elicitors. A novel, transPro mimetic motif was proposed & used to develop a strong, selective PK agonist of the melanotropic bioassay in moths. The first antagonist (pure) of PK-related CAP₂b diuresis in flies was developed using a cisPro mimetic motif; an indication that while a transPro orientation is associated with receptor agonism, a cisPro orientation is linked with an antagonist interaction. A novel, biostablePK analog, incorporating β-amino acids at key peptidase-susceptible sites, exhibited in vivo pheromonotropic activity that by far exceeded that of PBAN when applied topically. Direct analysis of neural tissue by state-of-the-art MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify specific PK/PK-related peptides native to eight arthropod pest species [house (M. domestica), stable (S. calcitrans), horn (H. irritans) & flesh (N. bullata) flies; Southern cattle fever tick (B. microplus), European tick (I. ricinus), yellow fever mosquito (A. aegypti), & Southern Green Stink Bug (N. viridula)]; including the unprecedented identification of mass-identical Leu/Ile residues and the first identification of NPs from a tick or the CNS of Hemiptera. Evidence was obtained for the selection of Neb-PK-2 as the primary pupariation factor of the flesh fly (N. bullata) among native PK/PK-related candidates. The peptidomic techniques were also used to map the location of PK/PK-related NP in the nervous system of the model fly D. melanogaster. Knowledge of specific PK sequences can aid in the future design of species specific (or non-specific) NP agonists/antagonists. In addition, the study led to the first cloning of a PK/PBAN receptor from insect larvae (S. littoralis), providing the basis for SAR analysis for the future design of 2ⁿᵈgeneration selective and/or nonselective agonists/antagonists. Development of a microplate ligand binding assay using the PK/PBAN pheromone gland receptor was also carried out. The assay will enable screening, including high throughput, of various libraries (chemical, molecular & natural product) for the discovery of receptor specific agonists/antagonists. In summary, the body of work achieves several key milestones and brings us significantly closer to the development of novel, environmentally friendly pest insect management agents based on insect PK/PBANNPs capable of disrupting critical NP-regulated functions.