Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Natural rewards'
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Becker, Christoph Alexander [Verfasser]. "Neuronal processing of natural rewards / Christoph Alexander Becker." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132995639/34.
Full textCantor, Anna. "Amphetamine sensitization disrupts certain aspects of associative learning about natural rewards." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27911.
Full textLund, Lisa, and Patrick O'Regan. "Gamifying Natural Language Acquisition : A quantitative study on Swedish antonyms while examining the effects of consensus driven rewards." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187485.
Full textLite forskning har gjorts om antonymer inom natural language acquisition, och mycket av den forskning som finns om antonymer är gjord av Paradis et al. inom lingvistik. Gamifiering har använts inom natural language acquisition, bland annat av Bos och Nissim i deras studie om relationer hos sammansatta substantiv från 2015. Denna rapport försöker besvara följande frågor om svenska antonymer: spelar ordningen på ord i ett antonympar någon roll i hur parets antonymiska styrka uppfattas? Kommer den uppfattade styrkan hos kanoniska antonympar ha lägre varians än deras ickekanoniska motsvarigheter? Rapporten undersöker även huruvida konsensusdriven poängsättning påverkar förekomsten av extremvärden på en ordinalskala. Två parallella delstudier utfördes, en webapp som implementerade konsensusdriven poängsättning, samt ett frågeformulär utan poängsättning. Ordningen av orden i ett antonympar hade ingen signifikant påverkan på dess uppfattade styrka, i enighet med Paradis et al.s studie från 2009. Resultaten angående kanoniska antonymers varians var inte entydiga. Implementationen med konsensusbaserad poängsättning gav fler extremvärden än frågeformuläret. Eftersom detta var en liten studie behövs vidare undersökning för att stärka resultaten.
Doremus-Fitzwater, Tamara L. "Incentive motivational processes in adolescent and adult rats effects of amphetamine sensitization on cue-induced craving for natural rewards /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.
Find full textMcGraw, Justin James. "Reward processing alterations for natural reward in alcohol-preferring (P) rats: Incentive contrast, reward discrimination, and alcohol consumption." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1526310548842931.
Full textSmith, Aaron Paul. "NEUROBEHAVIORAL MEASUREMENTS OF NATURAL AND OPIOID REWARD VALUE." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/164.
Full textDE, CHIARA VALENTINA. "The role of endocannabinoid system in stress e natural reward." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1177.
Full textThe endocannabinoid system plays a fundamental role in the regulation of synaptic transmission. Exposure to stressful or rewarding events triggers synaptic adaptations in many brain areas. The activity of the endocannabinoid system in stress-responsive neural circuits and central reward pathway suggests that it may be involved in the behavioural responses and synaptic effects typical of stress, drug addiction an other forms of reward-based behaviors. In the present study, by means of electrophysiological recordings we found that social defeat stress, induced in mice by exposure to aggression, and natural rewards such as running wheel and sucrose consumption, alter in opposite way the cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated control of synaptic transmission in the striatum. The striatum plays a central role in motor, cognitive and emotional functions modulated by stress and rewarding agents, and contains high levels of cannabinoid receptors controlling both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission . We found that the presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents induced by the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist HU210 was abolished after chronic stress exposure, whereas it was remarkably potentiated after running wheel and sucrose consumption. In contrast, the sensitivity of glutamate synapses to CB1 receptor stimulation was unaltered, as well as that of GABA synapses to the stimulation of other presynaptic receptors such as GABAB. The alterations of cannabinoid CB1 receptor-mediated responses were slowly reversible and were also detectable following the mobilization of endocannabinoids by metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 stimulation. Finally, we found that the up-regulation of cannabinoid transmission induced by wheel running or sucrose played a crucial role in the protective effects of these environmental manipulations against the motor and synaptic consequences of stress. Since BDNF also play a role in the emotional consequences of stress and of rewarding experiences, we have extended our study to address the functional interplay between BDNF and cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the striatum. We found that BDNF potently inhibits CB1 receptor function in the striatum. The action of BDNF on CB1 receptor function was tyrosine kinase dependent, and was complete even after receptor sensitization with behavioral manipulations activating the reward system. BDNF-mediated regulation of striatal CB1 receptors might have relevant roles in cognitive and behavioral functions and targeting cannabinoid CB1 receptors or endocannabinoid metabolism might be a valuable option to treat stress-associated neuropsychiatric conditions.
Werme, Martin. "On natural and drug-induced reward : genetic, biochemical and behavioral comparisons /." Stockholm : [Karolinska Univ. Press], 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-027-X/.
Full textVicq, Eléonore. "Modulation nicotinique de l'activité dopaminergique et des comportements motivés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS135.
Full textSmoking affects one billion people worldwide, and is responsible for over 8 million preventable deaths a year, making it a major health concern. Nicotine, the main active compound in tobacco, acts on the nervous system by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). There is a wide diversity of nAChR subunits (��2 to 10 and β2 to 4) which assemble in different combinations to form pentameric receptors with different biophysical properties and localizations. Nicotine concomitantly produces rewarding and aversive effects, promoting and limiting nicotine consumption, respectively. While nAChRs are expressed in the reward system, notably the ventral tegmental area (VTA), they are also present in many other brain regions susceptible to nicotine-induced disruptions. The aim of my thesis work was to investigate the involvement of two non-canonical VTA-connected brain pathways in nicotine addiction: the pathways linking the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) and the VTA, and the one connecting the VTA to the claustrum (CLA). I first studied the involvement of the IPN in nicotine reinforcement. We showed that IPN neurons respond heterogeneously to nicotine, and discovered that they are sensitive to low doses of nicotine that do not activate the VTA. Using new chemogenetic tools that I have developed, we have shown that β4-containing nAChRs of the IPN act as a brake on the response to nicotine in the VTA, thereby reducing the rewarding effects of the drug. The IPN would therefore contribute not only to aversion but also to nicotine reinforcement. Secondly, I studied how prolonged exposure to nicotine alters social interactions, and the potential involvement of the VTA-CLA pathway in these behavioral perturbations. We showed that chronic nicotine exposure increased the saliency of a novel social stimulus in a three-chamber task, resulting in an increased interaction time with novel conspecifics. Moreover, optogenetic activation of the VTA-CLA pathway induced a loss of preference for the novel social stimulus, while non-contingent optogenetic stimulation replicated the behavioral effects of prolonged nicotine exposure. Therefore, the VTA-CLA pathway seems to be involved in the saliency for new social stimuli, and this function may be disrupted by chronic nicotine exposure. Taken together, these studies highlight the importance of these two non-canonical pathways in nicotine addiction
Davis, Jon Franklin. "A Functional, Anatomical, and Molecular Investigation of Natural Reward: Sexual Plasticity and Limbic System." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1123831570.
Full textTitle from electronic thesis title page (viewed Mar. 23, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: limbic, reward, plasticity. Includes bibliographical references.
Buhlman, Lori Marie. "Heterologous Expression of Alpha 6*- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and the Natural Distribution of Alpha 6 Subunits." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195344.
Full textPfarr, Simone [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Spanagel. "The Role of the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Reward Seeking: Functional Evidence on Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms underlying Drug and Natural Reward Seeking / Simone Pfarr ; Betreuer: Rainer Spanagel." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177043874/34.
Full textHanmer, Louise A. "Rats' interactions with enrichment objects are naturally rewarding : A study of object preference and reward processes." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500539.
Full textPatel, Sheetal. "Race and employee engagement in a diversified South African retail group." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3364.
Full textBackground: Many South African companies are faced with the challenge of integrating a racially-diverse workforce into a white-dominated environment. This research sets out to assess the relationship between race and engagement activities within the workplace. Significance/Objective of the Research: This study aims to explore employee engagement and how employees of different races perceive their work environment, and in so doing, enhance the employer's ability to respond. Research Methodology: The analysis made use of confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to validate the employee engagement concepts of an empirical survey that was conducted across all trading divisions within the retail group. Ethics Statement: The research survey ensured ethics by assuring respondents voluntarily contributed to the research, whilst guaranteeing them anonymity, honesty and full disclosure. Findings/Conclusion: The study confirms that race, leadership, nature of job, intent to stay, empowerment, relationship and reward are factors influencing engagement amongst employees within the South African retail group.
Berg, Junker Maria Constance. "Neural correlates of romantic love and romantic attachment." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-16055.
Full textReisiger, Anne-Ruth. "Pathologie du système de récompense : effets à long terme d’une exposition chronique à la nicotine et au sucrose." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14870/document.
Full textLearning mechanisms associated with active responding for nicotine enhanced the excitability of the ILCx-BNST pathway. The objective of this project was to better understand the involvement of the ILCx-BNST pathway in nicotine self-administration. Since the endocannabinoid system controls nicotine reinforcement and nicotine-induced synaptic modifications, we examined the role of CB1 receptors in the BNST. We showed that acquisition of nicotine IVSA was associated with a persistent facilitation of LTP induction at ILCx-BNST synapses. Behaviorally, electrical stimulation temporarily increased excessive responding to nicotine when nicotine was not available. Moreover, using intra-BNST pharmacology, we revealed that stimulation of BNST CB1 receptors enhanced sensitivity to nicotine-paired cue. In contrast, after a prolonged history of nicotine intake, it blocked drug-seeking in a reinstatement model of relapse. Drug addiction is partly due to the inability to stop using despite negative consequences. The hypothesis that palatable food induces similar uncontrolled consumption is becoming more widespread. As drug addiction is known to increases activity of VTA DA neurons, we aimed to examine whether exposure to sucrose would induce similar neuronal modifications and impair the capacity to respond to an aversive stimulus. We found that sucrose enhanced spontaneous activity of DA VTA neurons. In addition, while a footshock caused a nearly complete inhibition of activity of VTA DA neurons in control rats, sucrose disrupted signaling of an aversive stimulus. These modifications were independent from the caloric state of the rats
Schroy, Pearl Lee. "Factors that contribute to individual differences in responsiveness to cocaine and natural rewards in a reward comparison paradigm." 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1426/index.html.
Full textMitchell, Caitlin. "Characterising how chronic stress and natural rewards impact lateral hypothalamic circuitry." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1417341.
Full textThe lateral hypothalamus (LH) is anatomically positioned to receive and send an array of afferent and efferent signals within the brain. This is important as distinct behaviours relating to homeostasis are coordinated and executed by LH cells and signalling pathways. The LH can control appetitive behaviour as well as motivation and reward-seeking, as well as being sensitive to stress signals. Importantly, the LH has a heterogenous composition, comprising of many diverse cell types. The functional importance of these intra-LH populations is incompletely understood. Further, neuroscience research is only recently beginning to unravel the complex nature of afferent signals which can help control output from the LH. Afferent projections from brains areas such as the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh) can control stress and reward-related behaviour, respectively. These regions are well positioned anatomically and physiologically to send important communications to the LH in order to help maintain homeostatic functioning. This thesis firstly demonstrated that early life stress-induced motivational deficits have the capacity to be overcome by chemogenetic manipulation of the LH. Next, we saw that repeated optogenetic stimulation of the PVN can reduce motivational drive for natural rewards. Importantly, these changes could be recapitulated by isolating the PVN→LH pathway. Lastly, using fibre photometry we found that orexin neurons almost exclusively respond to approach behaviour to food pellets and that the activity of orexin neurons depended on metabolic state and the palatability or caloric value of the food. Additionally, we provide electrophysiological evidence that this behaviour may be mediated by an inhibitory projection from the NAcSh. Overall, this work demonstrates that hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic brain regions can provide vital input to the LH in mediating stress and motivated behaviours.
Twining, Robert Chiampi. "The development of a novel rodent model of drug induced devaluation of natural rewards and its relevance to features of drug addiction." 2007. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2249/index.html.
Full textHudcová, Tereza. "Jak působí jazyk na dav? Případová studie českého crowdfundingu s odměnami." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412096.
Full textSullivan, Brian Thomas. "The role of uncertainty and reward on eye movements in natural tasks." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-05-4995.
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Ho, Ming-che, and 何明哲. "Natural and Cocaine Reward in Chronically MAO Inhibitor-treated and MAO Subtype B knockout Mice." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09700151491379579480.
Full text國立成功大學
行為醫學研究所
95
A large body of evidence supports the hypothesis that monoamines are involved in the cocaine craving and associated behavior. Cocaine has been known to block reuptake of these neurotransmitters by inhibiting their own transporters, thus enhance synaptic availability of these neurotransmitters. Increased synaptic monoamine concentration have been associated with the euphoric (reinforcing) efficacy and the priming effects of cocaine in reinstatement designs. In this study, the acquisition curve of cocaine self administration was examined in MAO subtype B knockout mice and long-term MAO inhibitor-treated mice. We found that 1) chronic MAO inhibitor (MAOI) treatment did not seem to affect the natural reward (food)-associated operant conditioning, while attenuated the rewarding effects of cocaine; 2) the responses for cocaine self administration in MAO subtype B knockout mice were higher than them in the wild type mice, however there was a similar acquisition curve for the food reward in knockout and wild type mice.
Venâncio, Cátia Sofia Bastos. "Celfocus reward - a multi-partner loyalty blockchain program." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/45349.
Full textOs programas de fidelização apresentam neste momento um alcance global, consequência do aumento exponencial da globalização e da era digital. Paradoxalmente, as taxas de abandono destes programas são elevadas. A saturação do conceito tradicional de programas de fidelização pode ser uma das causas para os utilizadores usarem cada vez menos este tipo de programas. É assim necessário criar estratégias para conseguir atrair de novo o interesse do consumidor nos programas de fidelização. O objetivo deste trabalho passa por perceber se a criação de um programa multi-entidades beneficia todos os intervenientes. Este programa de fidelização, de forma a diferenciar-se dos atuais programas desta natureza não deve limitar o utilizador na forma como este decide usufruir das suas recompensas. Este programa também se distingue por simplificar a usabilidade do utilizador uma vez que agrega numa só plataforma várias entidades. Como forma de enquadramento da investigação, é estudada a evolução das necessidades do consumidor, bem como a importância dos programas de fidelização para que as empresas aumentem os lucros com base na criação de relações leais com os seus clientes. Neste seguimento é também estudado a forma como o blockchain pode ser uma ferramenta importante para a evolução e diferenciação dos programas de fidelização como por exemplo: integração de várias entidades, customização das características dos programas de fidelização, entre outros. Através de uma metodologia quantitativa, foi criado um modelo em linguagem de programação Python, capaz de simular o comportamento de uma amostra de indivíduos relativamente ao consumo em duas entidades distintas. Esta simulação foi realizada para um período de 24 meses, de forma a comparar o rendimento que cada entidade consegue obter, antes e após a introdução deste programa de fidelização no seu negócio. Para investigação futura, sugere-se a aplicação da metodologia proposta por um período superior a 24 meses. Além deste ponto, deve ser estudado o impacto que a alteração de cada uma das variáveis definidas ao longo do trabalho pode ter na solução final.
Loyalty programs now have a global reach, a consequence of the exponential increase in globalization and the digital age. Paradoxically, the dropout rates for these programs are very high. The saturation of the traditional concept of loyalty programs can be one of the reasons for users to use less and less these types of programs. It is, therefore, necessary to create strategies to be able to attract consumer interest in loyalty programs again. The objective of this work is to understand if the creation of a multi-entity program its benefit to all the stakeholders. This loyalty program, in order to differentiate itself from current programs of this nature, should not limit the user in the way he decides to enjoy its benefits. This program is also distinguished for simplifying the user’s usability since it aggregates several entities in a single platform. As a framework for research, the evolution of consumer needs is studied, as well as the importance of loyalty programs for companies to increase profits based on the loyalty relationship they create with their customers. In this segment, it is also studied how the blockchain can be an important tool for the evolution and differentiation of loyalty programs, such as integration of various entities, customization of the characteristics of loyalty programs, among others. Through a quantitative methodology, a Python programming language model was created, capable of simulating the behavior of a sample of individuals regarding consumption in two different entities. This simulation was carried out for a period of 24 months, in order to compare the income that each entity manages to obtain, before and after the introduction of this loyalty program in its business. For future research, it is suggested to apply the proposed methodology for a period longer than 24 months. In addition to this point, the impact that changing each of the variables defined throughout the work can have on the final solution should be studied.
Melchin, Nicholas. "“How frigid zones reward the advent’rers toils”: natural history writing and the British imagination in the making of Hudson Bay, 1741-1752." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2023.
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